人教版必修1 Unit 4　Earthquakes（课件+教案）

Unit 4　Earthquakes
New life in Wenchuan 10 years after the 2008 earthquake
2008年5月12日14时28分，一场大地震让汶川很多受难者的人生发生了改变，同时也牵动了无数人的心。逝者已矣，但生者的故事仍在继续。十年已经过去，他们仍旧凭借着勇气与坚强，奋力拼搏着。
Wenchuan is in southwest China's Sichuan Province. Its beauty has made it a popular tourism place.
But ten years ago, Wenchuan suffered an 8.0-magnitude (八级的) earthquake, which damaged an area of over 100,000 square kilometers, killing close to 70,000 people and injuring more than 370,000. Ten years later, however, we can hardly see a trace (踪迹) of the disaster in this place.
Xue Xiao is among the survivors of the earthquake. He was trapped under the ruin of his high school for several days following the earthquake. When asked during the rescue what he wanted to do when he got out, he replied, “I want a Coke.” His words moved the people across the country watching the rescue on television, and he got the nickname “Coke boy.”
As a result of his serious injuries, Xue lost his right arm, and in fact, he couldn't drink Coke for months after the surgery (手术). But his strong personality carried him out of the sad memory of the disaster. He now works for the Coca-Cola Museum in Chengdu.
Ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake, the area has found new life, which is reflected (反映) in every person across the quake-hit place.
I visited Wenchuan several years ago and interviewed a man by the name of Wang Caifeng in Shuimo Town. Wang, who has only his left arm, managed to help rescue several villagers in the town.
Before the earthquake, there were a lot of factories around Wang's home. After the disaster, the town has developed its tourism industry. In 2011, Wang turned his house into a hotel.
The people in Wenchuan have also been developing eco-friendly agriculture (农业) to find a new and better life with the help of fruits and foods produced in the area.
Unquestionably, the courage of the people has not been destroyed by the past disaster. In the survivors, we see the power of moving on and never giving up.
短文注释：
1．square kilometers平方千米
2．close to 将近；差不多
3．get the nickname 得到昵称
4．as a result of 由于
5．the quake-hit place 灾区
6．manage to do 成功做到
7．turn... into... 将……变成……
8．In the survivors, we see the power of moving on and never giving up.
在幸存者身上，我看到一种力量——继续下去，永不放弃。
Section Ⅰ　Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
重点单词
写作词汇
1.earthquake n．　　　　　　　　　　地震
2．burst vi. 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
3．million n. 百万
4．event n. 事件；大事
5．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭
vt. 毁灭；使破产
6．destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭
7．rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救
8．trap vt. 使陷入困境
n. 陷阱；困境
9．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
10．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
11．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
12．electricity n. 电；电流；电学
重点单词
拓展词汇
1.nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的；全国性的
2．suffering n．苦难；痛苦→suffer v．遭受
3．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极端地；很；非常地
4．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；侮辱
5．useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful adj.有用的→use n．用途 v．使用
6．shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocked adj.震惊的；震撼的→shocking adj.令人震惊的
7．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.脏的，肮脏的
8．mine n．矿；矿山；矿井→miner n．矿工
阅读词汇
1.well n．　　　　　　　　　　井
2．crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声
vt. & vi. (使)开裂；破裂
3．smelly adj. 发臭的
4．farmyard n. 农场；农家
5．pipe n. 管；导管
6．canal n. 运河；水道
7．steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
8．brick n. 砖；砖块
9．dam n. 水坝；堰堤
10．track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹
重重点短语
1.right_away　　　　　　　　　　 立刻；马上
2．as_if 仿佛；好像
3．at_an_end 结束；终结
4．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5．dig_out 掘出；发现
6．a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的
重重点句型
1.too＋adj.＋to...太……不……
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat.
在农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西．
2．It seems/seemed as if...看起来似乎……
It_seemed_as_if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
3．everywhere引导让步状语从句
Everywhere_they_looked nearly everything was destroyed.
无论他们朝哪里看，那里的一切都几乎被毁了。
4．not与all连用表示部分否定
All_hope_was_not_lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
“A→A→A”式不规则动词变化
①burst→burst→burst　 　爆裂；爆发
②cost→cost→cost 花费
③put→put→put 放下
④hurt→hurt→hurt 伤害
⑤shut→shut→shut 关闭
⑥hit→hit→hit 打
⑦cut→cut→cut 砍，切
⑧forecast→forecast→forecast 　预报
“自然灾害”大聚焦
①disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
②earthquake n. 地震
③drought n. 干旱，旱灾
④hurricane n. 飓风
表示“程度”的副词集锦
①extremely　　　　极度地
②entirely 完全地
③completely 完全地，彻底地
④perfectly 完美地
“-ing/-ed”结尾的形容词聚焦
①
②
③
④
⑤
表示“立刻；马上”的词语荟萃
①right away
②right now
③at once
④in no time
⑤immediately
Step One：Warming up
　What might happen to a place when there is an earthquake? Look at the following pictures and then fill in the blanks.
Picture A
The water in the wells rose and fell. And some deep cracks could be seen in the well walls. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.
Picture B
The chickens, the dogs and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
Picture C
Mice ran out of the fields looking_for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.
Picture D
People could see bright lights in the sky.
Step Two：Fast reading
Skim the reading passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．What's the main idea of the text?
A．A terrible earthquake of Tangshan.
B．Before the earthquake of Tangshan.
C．During the earthquake of Tangshan.
D．Damages of the earthquake of Tangshan.
答案：A
2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1(D)　　　　A．The earthquake caused unbelievable
destruction to Tangshan.
Para.2(B) B．The earthquake happened and caused
deaths or injuries in Tangshan.
Para.3(A) C．Help came soon after the quakes.
Para.4(C) D．No one paid attention though strange
things happened.
Step Three：Careful reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that ________.
A．people didn't think too much of the earthquake
B．people were made to lose their sense by the sudden big earthquake
C．people didn't realize that a terrible earthquake happened in such a short time
D．people didn't think an earthquake could bring such great
damage
答案：C
2．Which of the following can also be used as a title of the text?
A．Tangshan Earthquake.
B．The World at an End.
C．How to Prevent an Earthquake.
D．New Tangshan.
答案：A
3．The title “A night the earth didn't sleep” means ________.
A．the earth was awake all night long
B．a terrible earthquake happened that night
C．people on the earth couldn't fall asleep that night
D．animals on the earth couldn't fall asleep that night
答案：B
4．Which of the following words can best describe the feelings of the writer?
A．Pitiful and hopeless.
B．Sorrowful and hopeful.
C．Hopeful and shocked.
D．Merciful and delighted.
答案：B
Step Four：Explain difficult sentences
1．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。
2．But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
3．People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。
4．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells① rose② and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks③ in them. A smelly④ gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards⑤， the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide【1】. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3：00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky【2】. In the city, the water pipes⑥ in some buildings cracked and burst⑦. But the one million⑧ people of the city, who thought little of⑨ these events⑩【3】， were asleep as usual that night.
【1】现在分词短语looking for places to hide 作伴随状语。
【2】when引导时间状语从句，even用在when前起加强语气的作用。
【3】who在此引导非限制性定语从句，从句修饰先行词the one million people of the city。
At 3：42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if? the world was at an end?！ Eleven kilometres directly ? below the city one of the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away【4】. One-third of the nation? felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide【5】 cut across? houses, roads and canals?. Steam? burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt?. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins?. The suffering? of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
【4】which在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Beijing，which在定语从句中作主语。
【5】that在此引导定语从句，先行词为A huge crack, that在从句中作主语，不可省略。
But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked【6】 nearly everything was destroyed. All of the city's hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.【7】 People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
【6】Everywhere在此用作连词，引导地点状语从句，相当于Wherever。
【7】Water, food, and electricity were hard to get为“主语＋连系动词＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构，其中Water, food, and electricity是get的逻辑宾语，动词不定式to get用主动形式表达被动含义。
All hope was not lost.【8】 Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped【9】 and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed【10】. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
【8】All...not...相当于Not all...，表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的……都……”。
【9】who在此引导定语从句，先行词为those。当先行词those指人时，只用who引导定语从句，不用that。
【10】关系代词whose引导定语从句，whose在从句中作homes的定语。其中whose homes可换成of whom the homes。地球的一个不眠之夜
河北省东北部的农村不断有怪事发生。三天来，村子里的井水升升降降、起起伏伏。农民们注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒着臭气。农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方躲藏。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼往外跳。1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有人看到空中出现一道道亮光。即使空中没有飞机，在唐山市外也可以听到飞机的声音。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的100万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当作一回事，那天晚上照常睡着了。
凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。仿佛到了世界末日！20世纪最大的地震之一就在唐山市正下方11千米处爆发了。在200多千米以外的北京也感觉到了震动，全国三分之一的地方都有震感。一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房屋、道路和水道。蒸汽从地上的洞里冒了出来。坚硬的岩石山变成了泥沙河。在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就成了废墟。人们遭受了极大的苦难。三分之二的人在地震中丧生或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死亡和重伤人数达到40多万。
然而，幸存者又怎么能相信这是自然的呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。市内所有的医院、75%的工厂和建筑以及90%的住宅都不复存在了。砖块就像秋天的红叶一样覆盖着大地，不过风没法刮走它们。两座水坝垮了，大多数桥梁不是塌了，就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今变成了一块块废钢。数以万计的奶牛再也不能产奶了，50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，那天下午晚些时候，强度几乎和第一次地震一样的又一次大地震在唐山爆发了。一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。更多的建筑倒塌了。水、食物和电都很难获得。人们开始疑惑，这场灾难还要持续多久。
不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震发生后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山协助救援工作。数十万的人得到了救助。部队组织小分队将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市以北的地区，1万名矿工中大部分被从煤矿中救了出来。救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者建了避难所，并用火车、卡车和飞机运来了淡水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。
[词语积累]
①well/wel/n.井
②rise/ra?z/vi. 上升；增加(不及 物动词，不用于被动语态)
③crack/kr?k/n.裂缝；噼啪声
vt.&vi.(使)开裂；破裂
④smelly/'smel?/adj. 发臭的；有臭味的
⑤farmyard/'fɑ?mjɑ?d/n.农场；农家
⑥pipe/pa?p/n. 管；导管
⑦burst/b??st/vi.爆裂；爆发
n．突然破裂；爆发
⑧million/'m?lj?n/n. 百万
⑨think little of 认为……没什么了不起；对……满不在乎
⑩event/?'vent/n. 事件；大事
?as if 仿佛；好像
?at an end 结束；终结
?directly adv.正好，恰好
?nation/'ne??n/n.民族；国家；国民
?cut across 横穿；抄近路穿越
?canal/k?'n?l/n.运河；水道
?steam/sti?m/n.蒸汽；水汽
?dirt/d??t/n.污垢；泥土
?ruin/'ru??n/n.废墟；毁灭
vt.毁灭；使破产
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
?suffering/'s?f?r??/n.苦难；痛苦
extreme/?k'stri?m/adj.极度的
two-thirds三分之二
当分数的分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。
injure/'?nd??/vt.损害；伤害
the number of...……的数量
a number of一定数量的；几个
survivor/s?'va?v?/n.幸存者；生还者；残存物
destroy/d?'str??/vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
destruction/d?s'tr?k??n/n.破坏；毁灭
gone adj.不复存在；用完了；走了
brick/br?k/n.砖；砖块
cover/'k?v?(r)/vt.覆盖；报道；行走(一段路程)
dam/d?m/n.水坝；堰堤
track/tr?k/n.轨道；足迹；痕迹
useless/'ju?sl?s/adj.无用的；无效的；无益的
tens of thousands of数以万计的
shocked adj.惊愕的，受震惊的
shock/??k/vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动
n．休克；打击；震惊
quake/kwe?k/n.地震
rescue/'reskju?/n. & vt.援救；营救
trap/tr?p/vt.使陷入困境
n．陷阱；困境
be trapped in被困在……中
electricity/??lek'tr?s?t?/n.电；电流；电学
wonder/'w?nd?(r)/v.琢磨；想知道
n．奇观；惊奇
disaster/d?'zɑ?st?/n.灾难；灾祸
dig out掘出；发现
bury/'ber?/vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
to the north of... 相当于north of...，意为“位于……以北”。
miner/'ma?n?/n.矿工
be rescued from... 被从……中解救出
mine/ma?n/n.矿；矿山；矿井
shelter/'?elt?/n.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
[核心素养链接·文化采风]
地震是造成人员死亡最多的自然灾害。全球每年发生约500万次地震，有感地震占1%，在有感地震中，仅100次左右造成灾害，而且全球85%的地震发生在海洋中，15%发生在大陆上。全球地震主要分布在环太平洋地震带和欧亚地震带，集中了80%的7级以上地震。中国、日本、伊朗、土耳其、美国、印尼等国都是地震灾害严重的国家。
课时作业(十三)　Unit 4　Section Ⅰ　Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage.
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude (震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0. There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experiences with earthquakes might be considered insignificant.
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other. All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes which to us felt like hours.
The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the_famous_landmark.
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayer－something like, “Help me get out of here in time. Dear Heavenly Father.” Minutes later, I was safe outside.
【语篇解读】　作者回忆了自己经历的三次地震。
1．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about ________.
A．a new film about an earthquake
B．how to survive an earthquake
C．his three earthquake experiences
D．how to save children in an earthquake
答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。作者主要向读者介绍了自己经历的三次地震。
2．The earthquakes the author has experienced ________.
A．all caused bodily harm
B．are all recorded in a website
C．all measured more than 6.0
D．all happened in California
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first one was in 1955... in California”和第四段第二句以及第五段的“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California.”可知答案。
3．When the first earthquake happened, the author ________.
A．was staying with his daughter
B．was planting fruit trees
C．held on to a tree for hours
D．was in a hotel
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句及最后一句的“All three of us (my daughter, I, and the tree) shook for two or three minutes”可知第一次地震发生时，作者和他的女儿正待在一起。
4．What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer
to?
A．A church.
B．Disneyland.
C．A building destroyed by an earthquake.
D．The place where the author was born.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据上文“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland”可知答案。
B
After an earthquake most survivors can be expected to recover over time, particularly with the support of family and friends. Some families will be able to return to their normal life quickly, while others will have to contend_with the destruction of their homes, medical problems, and injury to family members. Children especially will need time to recover from the loss of a loved one or a pet or from the closing down of their school.
Children often turn to adults for information, comfort and help. Parents should try to remain calm, answer children's questions honestly and remain understanding when they see changes in their children's behavior.
Children react differently to an earthquake depending on their ages, developmental levels and former experiences. Some will respond by withdrawing (不与人交往), while others will have angry outbursts (爆发). Parents should remain sensitive to each child's reactions. Parents should spend time talking to their children, letting them know that it's OK to ask questions and to share their worries. Although it may be hard to find time to have these talks, parents can use regular family mealtimes or bedtimes for them. They should answer questions briefly and honestly and be sure to ask their children for their opinions and ideas. Issues may come up more than once and parents should remain patient when you answer the questions again. For young children, parents, after talking about the earthquake, might read a favorite story or have a relaxing family activity to help them calm down. Parents should also tell children they are safe and spend extra time with them. They could play games outside or read together indoors. Most importantly, be sure to tell them you love them.
【语篇解读】　本文就震后如何帮助孩子恢复身心健康向家长提供了有关的建议。
5．The underlined phrase “contend with” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”．
A．deal with　　B．make up
C．put off D．turn back
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可推出此处contend with意思为“处理”，与deal with接近。
6．When children ask the same question again, parents should ________.
A．read a favorite story to comfort them
B．ask them to help do some housework
C．be patient and answer the question again
D．take them out to play games
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Issues may come up more than once and parents should remain patient when you answer the questions again.”可知答案。
7．Which of the following pieces of advice is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Keep a close watch on children's behavior.
B．Tell the children they are safe.
C．Tell the children you love them.
D．Ask educational experts for help.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。从文章最后一段可找到有关A、B、C三个选项的表述，D项文中没有提及。
8．What can we know from the passage?
A．All people will recover from an earthquake quickly.
B．Children may need a longer time to recover after an earthquake.
C．Children should turn to their classmates for help after an earthquake.
D．Children react in the same way as adults do to an earthquake.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Children especially will need time to recover from...”可知B项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读填句
The Grand Canyon(大峡谷) is a large river canyon in Arizona. It is over 220 miles long and over a mile deep in some places. __1__ The canyon is considered one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.
Over millions of years, the Colorado River cut through rocks as it passed through the area. __2__ Now, the canyon is surrounded(围绕) by high walls on either side, while the river continues to move at the bottom of the canyon.
Besides its large size, the Grand Canyon is also known for its beautiful colors. The canyon is made of layers(层) of rock, and each layer of rock has a different depth and color. Geologists(地质学家) have found almost 40 different layers of rock.
The Grand Canyon is home to different kinds of plants and animals. __3__ Many kinds of animals also live there, including the bald eagle, bobcats, bats and Gila monsters.
American Indians have lived in the area for around 3,000 years. Spanish explorers(探险家) first discovered the area in 1540. Later, other Spanish explorers returned in 1776. __4__
Arizona became part of the United States in 1848, and the first geological studies were completed on the Grand Canyon in 1856. __5__ About five million tourists visit the park each year.
A．Its widest point is 18 miles wide.
B．It's not the deepest canyon in the world.
C．Weather changes quickly at the Grand Canyon.
D．Slowly, the river made the way deeper and deeper.
E．There are over 1,700 known plants growing in the area.
F．Today, the canyon is part of the Grand Canyon National Park.
G．However, they did not stay, as they found the canyon impossible to cross.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章是对美国科罗拉多大峡谷的介绍。
1．A　该空所在段落是对大峡谷地理位置及情况的介绍。A项“Its widest point is 18 miles wide”与该空前的“over 220 miles long and over a mile deep in some places”相呼应。
2．D　D项中的“the river made the way deeper and deeper”与该空前的“Over millions of years, the Colorado River cut through rocks”相呼应，解释了大峡谷形成的原因。
3．E　E项中的“over 1,700 known plants growing in the area”与该空前的“home to different kinds of plants and animals”相呼应。
4．G　本段是对大峡谷历史文化的介绍。由该空前的“first discovered”和“returned”可知，G项承接上文，说明了西班牙探险家的情况并解释了他们没有停留在此的原因。G项中的they指该空前的“Spanish explorers”。
5．F　该空后的the park指的是F项中的“the Grand Canyon National Park”。本文介绍的大峡谷是美国大峡谷国家公园的一部分。
课件53张PPT。Section Ⅱ　Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
?第一板块|重点单词
1．(教材P25)Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.
想象一下你的家开始摇晃，你必须马上离开。
　?right away 立刻；马上
立刻；马上
①You don't look well. You'd better go and see a doctor right away.
你脸色不好，最好赶紧去看看医生吧。
②He didn't answer my question right away, which made me very upset.
他没有马上回答我的问题，这使我很伤心。
Point ?
[浙江完形填空节选]By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it ________.
A．at last　　　　　B．right away
C．of course D．as usual
答案与解析：B　句意：到家的时候，我只有几个小时的时间做家庭作业，我不得不马上做。根据句意可知，此处应填right away，表示“立刻，马上”。其他三项at last“最后”，of course“当然”，as usual“像往常一样”，均与语境不符，故选B。
2．(教材P26)In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管出现裂缝并爆裂开来。
burst vi. 爆裂；爆发；突然迸发；冲；闯 n. 突然破裂；爆发
(1)　　　　　　　　突然哭起来/笑起来
burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/心花怒放
(2)burst in/into 闯进；突然破门而入
①Upon hearing the funny story, everybody burst into laughter.
听了这个滑稽的故事，大家都放声大笑。
②When they heard the bad news that their only son died in the earthquake, the couple burst into tears.
＝Hearing the bad news that their only son died in the earthquake, the couple burst out crying.
听到儿子在地震中丧生的坏消息，这对夫妇突然哭起来。
Point ?
1.单句语法填空
①On seeing President Xi Jinping appear at the opening ceremony, the audience burst out cheering at once.
②I started to sing, too, and before long, everyone on the bus burst into song.
2．单句写作
当小丑戴着那个可笑的帽子出现的时候大家都笑了起来。
Everybody burst_into_laughter when the clown appeared in the funny hat.
3．(教材P26)If seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
　?at an end 结束；终结
at the end of　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　在……末端
by the end of 到……为止(用于完成时)
in the end 最后；终于
①When the journey was at an end, everybody felt tired and hungry.
当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。
②By the end of this week, I will have finished most of the work.
到本周末为止，我将会完成大部分工作。
Point ?
①There is a museum at the end of the road.
②I managed to pass the exam and the effort was worth it in the end.
漫画助记
By the end of last week, she had planted seven young trees.
到上周为止，她已经种了七棵小树苗了。
4.(教材P26)In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市成为了废墟。
ruin n. 废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使破产
(1)be/lie in ruins　　　　　　　　　　　　成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruin 成为废墟；毁了
(2)ruin one's hope 使某人的希望破灭
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
①The ancient temple has been in ruins and needs repairing.
这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。
②Heavy smoking ruins your health, so you should give up smoking.
吸烟过量损害健康，因此你应该戒烟。
Point ?
单句语法填空/单句改错
①We visited the ruins of the Old Summer Palace last winter. It was_ruined by the foreign invaders. Seeing the ruined palace we felt very sad.(ruin)
②A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.
③The houses across the street are in ruin, but they were in good condition a few years ago.ruin→ruins
5．(教材P26)Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
他们当中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。
　?injure vt. 损害；伤害
(1)injured adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　　受伤的；受委屈的
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
①Believe it or not, what you said just now injured his pride.
信不信由你，你刚才说的话伤了他的自尊。
②The injured were sent to hospital shortly after the accident.
事故后不久伤员被送往医院。
Point ?
单句语法填空
①He injured(injure) his left leg when playing football.
②He was_injured(injure) when he was cycling along the valley.
6．(教材P26)People were shocked.人们惊呆了。
　?shock vt. & vi. (使)震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊
(1)be a shock to...　　　　　　　　　　　 使……吃惊
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
①Her falling in love with the poor young man was a shock to us.
她爱上了这个贫穷的年轻人，这令我们大为震惊。
②We are shocked that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.
我们感到震惊的是，如此多的人在地震中伤亡。
Point ?
1.shock语境填词
People were shocked to know that the little girl was killed in an accident. The shocking news shocked all the people around, which was also a shock to her father who was working abroad.
2．一句多译
他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。
①His mother was_shocked_at the news.
②His mother was_shocked for his mother to hear the news.
7．(教材P26)Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。
　?rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救
come to /go to sb.'s rescue＝rescue sb.　　　援救某人
rescue... from... 把……从……营救出来
①When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
②The firefighters rescued five children from the burning house yesterday.
昨天，消防人员把5个孩子从失火的房子中解救出来。
　?trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境
(1)be trapped in　　　　　　　　　　　　　困在……中；陷在……中
trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事
(2)set a trap for 给……设圈套
fall into a trap 落入圈套/陷阱
①If you choose this way, you're likely to fall into a trap.
如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。
②When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued.
旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。
Point ?
单句语法填空
①[重庆高考改编]It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was_rescued (rescue)．
②[江苏高考改编]“Never for a second，” the boy says, “did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”
8.(教材P26)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心
(1)bury... in...　　　　　　　　　　　把……埋到……里
bury one's face in hands 双手掩面
(2) 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
①She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
②Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work.
自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。
Point ?
一句多译
由于埋头读书，她不知道外面下雨了。(bury)
①Because she buried_herself_in her books, she didn't know it was raining outside.(bury v．)
②Burying_herself_in her books, she didn't know it was raining outside.(现在分词作状语)
③Buried_in her books, she didn't know it was raining outside.(过去分词作状语)
9．(教材P27)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
造成如此多的人员死亡是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。
a (great) number of 许多；大量的
[易混辨析]
a number of
表示“很多，好些”，在number 之前可加large, small, great等表示程度。a number of只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
the number of
表示“……的数量”，后接可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数而不用复数
①A great number of new factories have been set up in my hometown.
我的家乡建了许多新工厂。
②As you can see, the number of cars on our roads keeps rising these days.
正如你所见，目前道路上汽车的数量在不断增加。,
Point ?
单句语法填空
①A great number of soldiers were_sent(send) to rescue the people trapped in the earthquake.
②The number of people present at the meeting is(be) over ten thousand.
?第二板块|重点句型解构
1．(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！
　It seemed (to sb.) that/ as if... “(对某人来说)似乎……”。
(1)as if 从句用陈述语气
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的
(2)as if 从句用虚拟语气
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)
③从句用would/could/might do 形式(与将来的事实相反)
①Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain.
看看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨。
②He treats me as if I were his own daughter.他待我就像他的亲生女儿一样。
③They talked as if/though they had been friends for years.
他们谈起话来就像多年的老朋友。
Sentence ?
1.单句语法填空
①—What's the noise?
—It sounds as if it comes(come) from upstairs.
②Don't handle the vase as if it were (be) made of steel.
③It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had_done (do) it?
2．完成句子
①听上去他好像试图要说些什么。
It sounds as if he is_trying_to_say_something.
②她对我笑好像她猜透了我的心事。
She smiled at me as if she_had_read my mind.
2．(教材P26)All hope was not lost.
并不是所有的希望都破灭了。(1)该句为不完全否定。all... not/not... all等表示部分否定，其意思是“并非所有的”。
(2)all, both, each, every, everyone, everybody, everything, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的词语与否定词连用，构成部分否定。
(3)no, none, never, nothing, nobody, no one, nowhere等表示全部否定。
All these books are not popular with people.
＝Not all these books are popular with people.
这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎。,
Sentence ?
翻译句子
①All that glitters(闪亮) is not gold.
不是所有发光的都是金子。
②None of them knew the bad news.
他们中没有一个人知道这个坏消息。
③Everyone doesn't like travelling.
不是每个人都喜欢旅行。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The firemen rescued (援救) the boy from the burning house.
2．To our sadness, a number of people lost their lives in the disaster (灾难)．
3．One Thursday afternoon he got seriously injured (受伤)．
4．We knew Tom had cancer, but the news of his death still came as a shock (震惊的事)．
5．Another earthquake (地震) hit Japan in April, leaving many people homeless.
6．The rich man offered more than one million (百万) dollars to help the poor people.
7．All the people of the different nations (民族) live and work together peacefully in this country.
8．Two people got trapped (困住) in the lift this morning when the electricity was cut off.
9．A great many houses were destroyed in the earthquake and many people became homeless.
10．After electricity was cut off, the lights went off.
11．Many people were buried underground when the accident at the mine happened.
12．The soldiers built many shelters for those who lost their homes.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．This is one of the worst natural disaster ever to hit the area.
disaster→disasters
2．Two days later, the fighting between the two countries left the area in ruin.
ruin→ruins
3．The number of people that come to visit this city each year reach one million.
reach→reaches
4．However, the extremely weather in Africa didn't make them change their decision to help those in need there.
extremely→extreme
5．As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners is learning Chinese as a second language.
is→are
6．She is always talking as though she knows everything under the sun.knows→knew
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．With_the_help_of_the_government,_I believe we can overcome the disaster and have_a_bright_future.
在政府的帮助下，我相信我们能战胜灾难，并拥有一个美好的未来。
2．He is_injured_badly_in_the_accident,_and you should call in the doctor right_away.
他在事故中受伤严重，你应该立即请医生来。
3．Having been_trapped_in_traffic,_he was late for work.
因为遇到交通阻塞，他上班迟到了。
4．My_holiday_is_at_an_end and I must go back to work tomorrow.
我的假期结束了，明天我得回去工作了。
5．The woman loves the children as_if_she_were_their_mother.
这位女士爱这些孩子，好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。(与现在事实相反)
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Strange things happened 1.________ Tangshan Earthquake happened. The well walls had deep cracks. A 2.________ (smell) gas came out of them. The water pipes cracked and burst. At 3：42 3.________ the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to shake. 4.________ seemed as if the world was at an end. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of 5.________ (dirty). Soon the whole city lay in 6.________ (ruin). Many people died or were 7.________ (injure). Everything in the city was destroyed. People were 8.________ (shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 9.________ were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 10.________ (survive). Fresh water was taken to the city. Slowly the city began to breathe again.
答案：1.before　2.smelly　3.on　4.It　5.dirt　6.ruins
7．injured　8.shocked　9.who　10.survivors
课时作业(十四)　Unit 4　Section Ⅱ　Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．These dead ducks should be_buried (bury) immediately since they aren't fit to be eaten.
2．Lily had to call a taxi because the box was too heavy to carry all the way home.
3．They were extremely (extreme) sad at the thought of their missing dog.
4．When she heard about the news that her father had died, she burst out crying (cry)．
5．The big fire lasted for four hours and all the buildings along the street were destroyed (destroy)．
6．These old people have experienced all kinds of sufferings (suffer) in their difficult times.
7．Three reporters (report) from the local evening news will come to cover the event this afternoon.
8．The medicine seems useless (use) to his illness because he still remains poor in his health.
9．All the listeners were greatly shocked (shock) when they heard the terrible news on radio.
10．It is reported that five miners (mine) got buried in the mine when the accident broke out.
11．However, millions (million) of students in developing countries have little or no chance for qualified English language education.
12．Many important events (event) happening in our university are recorded in the book.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The light is swaying (摇动). The building is shaking. A woman with a baby in her arms is trying to open the door, but fails. Finding no way, she rushes into her bedroom and there they survive the earthquake.
In a factory building, as the workshop floor swings under the terrible shaking, workers run for safety. Some hide under the machines and survive, but others who try to run outside are killed by the falling ceilings.
These scenes, played by actors and actresses, are from a film of science education making a split second decision shown the year 2011 on China Central TV to mark the 35th anniversary of Tangshan earthquake on July 28.
By studying actual cases in the earthquake areas and scientific experiments, experts found that buildings remain untouched for the first 12 seconds of an earthquake.
In this short time, one has the best chance of surviving an earthquake by staying near the inside walls, in bedrooms and under beds, experts concluded in the film.
“Earthquake_seems_to_catch_the_lives_of_those_who_run.” said many survivors in the earthquake areas, describing how their friends were killed on the doorways or along the stair steps as they tried to get out of the building.
Their advice was proved in the film. “Take a hiding place where you are rather than run, unless you are sure you can reach a safe open place in ten seconds.”
【语篇解读】　地震发生时山摇地动，你能跑出去吗？跑不出去怎么办？是盲目地跑出去好，还是冷静地采取自救措施会更好？本文通过影片的片段，介绍了地震发生时如何冷静地应对。
1．The word “survive” appears in the passage several times in different forms. It probably means “________”．
A．remain alive after
B．be frightened by
C．fight against
D．try to get out of
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。全文多处提到，采用其他逃生方法的人大多被砸死了，而没有跑，躲起来的却幸存了下来。
2．What does the underlined sentence “Earthquake seems to catch the lives of those who run.” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Earthquakes like the people who run.
B．Those people who try to get out of the building would probably lose their lives.
C．You should stay still in an earthquake.
D．People who run in an earthquake must die.
答案与解析：B　句意理解题。结合上下文可知在地震中试图跑出建筑物的人更容易丧生。
3．Which is the best way to take in an earthquake?
A．You must run down the steps as fast as you can.
B．You'd better not move and lie on the floor at once.
C．You should find a place and hide in it within 10 seconds where something is strong enough to hold against the ceilings.
D．You have to cry for help.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由文章最后一句“Take a hiding place where you are rather than run, unless you are sure you can reach a safe open place in ten seconds.”可以得出结论。
4．What does the writer mainly talk about in the passage?
A．China Central TV Station made a wonderful film.
B．In an earthquake many people died miserably.
C．The experts did some important experiments.
D．To run or not to run in an earthquake, which is the right way?
答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了地震发生时，最好的逃生方式是什么，是往外跑还是找个安全的地方躲起来。
Ⅲ.完形填空
I have suffered from depression(抑郁症) from a young age, and it heavily influenced my teenage years. After a long struggle(斗争), I found __1__ and it changed my life.
My depression really started after my family __2__ to the UK when I was about eleven years old. Getting used to life in a foreign country was very __3__ . Friends I knew were gone, and the change in environment, school and family life __4__ my depression. I had a lot of __5__ in life. This made it feel impossible for me to __6__ . For years I woke up a lot in the middle of the nights, __7__ and unable to deal with my depression.
At the time, I didn't understand it was a(n) __8__ . I remember one day I was coming back home after playing in the park, I couldn't __9__ strength(力气) to get myself home. I leaned(倚靠) against a wall and __10__ . It felt like I was carrying the world on my shoulders. I never really turned to anyone either, __11__ I felt there wan't anyone who could help with my __12__ . Looking back now I know I was __13__ and I could have dealt with things better.
What turned around my life was __14__ street dancing.
I was encouraged by a friend, and I __15__ taking classes at a studio(练功房) in London. I then went out and __16__ a lot of other dancers to practice and train with. It gave me a __17__， and the happiness I got from it helped me __18__ my depression. The dancing helped change my life and my studies.
My __19__ to anyone who might go through something like this is reach out for help. __20__ myself up means that I can get help when I need it. My friends have offered me their support when I need someone to talk with.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者十一岁时跟随父母移居到英国。环境、生活的突然改变让作者变得抑郁，生活受到了很大的影响。后来，在朋友的鼓励下，作者开始跳舞，开始与人交往。渐渐地作者从抑郁中走了出来。这段经历使作者明白，我们要勇敢面对遇到的问题，善于敞开心扉，向他人求助。
1．A.work　　　　　　　　　　　B．dance
C．love D．music
答案与解析：B　由下文中的“street dancing”以及“The dancing helped change my life and my studies”可知，“我”发现了“舞蹈(dance)”，它改变了我的生活。
2．A.traveled B．drove
C．moved D．rushed
答案与解析：C　由下文中的“Getting used to life in a foreign country”以及“Friends I knew were gone... school and family life”可知，此处表示“我”十一岁时，家人“移居(moved)”到英国。
3．A.difficult B．exciting
C．boring D．easy
答案与解析：A　由下文中的“Friends I knew were gone ... school and family life”可知，“我发现了舞蹈(dance)”，它改变了我的生活。
4．A.treated B．caused
C．stopped D．hid
答案与解析：B　由上文中的“My depression really started after... eleven years old”以及下文中的“unable to deal with my depression”可知，环境、学习以及家庭生活的改变让“我”变得抑郁，故填caused。
5．A.interests B．choices
C．surprises D．troubles
答案与解析：D　“我”遇到了很多麻烦。
6．A.give in B．show up
C．carry on D．stand out
答案与解析：C　由“Friends I knew were gone... the change in environment, school and family life”以及下文中的“impossible”可知，“我”在生活中碰到了许多“困难(troubles)”，让“我”感到无法“坚持(carry on)”下去。
7．A.sad B．pleased
C．comfortable D．surprised
答案与解析：A　由“unable to deal with depression”可知，“我”无数个夜晚醒来，感到很“难过(sad)”。
8．A.failure B．exercise
C．fear D．illness
答案与解析：D　由下文中的“strength”以及“leaned against a wall”可知，作者不知道抑郁是一种“疾病(illness)”，让人浑身无力。
9．A.lose B．increase
C．find D．test
答案与解析：C　“我”感觉浑身无力。
10．A.showed off B．got off
C．turned down D．fell down
答案与解析：D　由文中的“I leaned against a wall”及“It felt like I was carrying the world on my shoulders”可知，“我”感到“浑身无力(couldn't find strength)”，回不了家，“我”靠在墙上，“倒了下去(fell down)”。
11．A.as B．but
C．unless D．though
答案与解析：A　“我”感到无助，因为我觉得无人可以帮助“我”。
12．A.studies B．situation
C．research D．stories
答案与解析：B　……无人能帮助“我”摆脱这种“状况”。
13．A.wrong B．strange
C．smart D．fine
答案与解析：A　由上文中的“I never really turned to anyone either”以及下文中的“I could have dealt with things better”可知，“我”没有向任何人求助，“因为(as)”“我”认为没有人能帮助“我”走出这个“困境(situation)”。现在回过头来看，“我”知道自己“错了(wrong)”，“我”本来能够把事情处理得更好。
14．A.giving up B．watching
C．getting into D．teaching
答案与解析：C　由下文中的“taking classes at a studio in London”以及 “The dancing helped change my life and my studies”可知，“我”的生活发生转变是因为“开始(getting into)”跳街舞。
15．A.started B．continued
C．regretted D．suggested
答案与解析：A　……开始上舞蹈课。
16．A.called B．allowed
C．expected D．met
答案与解析：D　由“I then went out... a lot of other dancers to practice and train with”可知，在一位朋友的鼓励下，“我”“开始(started)”上舞蹈课，“认识了(met)”其他跳舞的人，和他们一起练习舞蹈。
17．A.lesson B．purpose
C．reason D．feeling
答案与解析：B　“我”找到了生活的目标和意义。
18．A.manage B．develop
C．experience D．know
答案与解析：A　由“I then went out... a lot of other dancers to practice and train with”以及“The dancing helped change my life and my studies”可知，“我”找到了生活的“意义(purpose)”，从跳舞中获得的幸福感帮助“我”“克服了(manage)”抑郁。
19．A.promise B．support
C．reply D．advice
答案与解析：D　结合全文可知，作者的经历使他明白，我们要勇敢面对遇到的问题，向他人求助。这也是他想给面对同样问题的人们的“建议(advice)”。
20．A.Holding B．Picking
C．Opening D．Warming
答案与解析：C　由上文中的“reach out for help”以及下文中的“I need someone to talk with”可知，此处指作者向他人“敞开(Opening)”心扉，得到了想要的帮助。
课件37张PPT。Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.damage n．&vt.　　　　　损失；损害
2．sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地
3．express vt. 表示；表达
n. 快车；速递
4．reporter n. 记者
拓展词汇
1.frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
2．congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺；恭喜；庆贺
3．judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官→judgment n．审判；判决；裁判；判断
4．cyclist n．骑自行车的人→cycle vi.骑自行车
阅读词汇
1.bar n．　　　　　　条；棒；条状物
2．outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓
3．headline n. 报刊的大字标题
重点短语
1.a_letter_of_invitation　　　　　　邀请信
2．give_a_speech 作演讲
3．be_proud_of 为……而自豪
4．express_thanks_to_sb. 表达对某人的谢意
5．give_out 放出；分发；用光；耗尽
6．be_known_as 作为……出名
重点句型
1.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all_of_whom_agreed that it was the best one this year.
评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的。
2．as引导定语从句，意为“正如，正像……”
As_you_know,_this is the day the quake happened forty years ago.
正如你知道的，四十年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。
3．be doing sth. when...“正在做某事这时……”
The man was_sleeping_downstairs_when the earthquake happened.
这个人正在楼下睡觉，这时地震发生了。
ist结尾名词小结
①artist n．　　艺术家
②cyclist n. 骑自行车的人
③pianist n. 钢琴家
④scientist n. 科学家
⑤novelist n. 小说家
“著名”词组集锦
be famous for 因……而著名
be famous as 作为……而著名
be known for 因……而著名
be known as 作为……而著名
Step One：Fast reading
Read the passage and choose the best answer.
1．What's the speaking competition about?
A．The earthquake which happened in Tangshan.
B．The old Tangshan.
C．New Tangshan.
D．New China.
答案：C
2．Why will the city open a new park?
A．To honour those who died and those who helped the survivors in the disaster.
B．To honour the students who have won the speaking competition.
C．To show respect to the heroes who died for new Tangshan.
D．To show respect to the people who work for new Tangshan.
答案：A
3．When did the terrible earthquake happen in Tangshan?
A．On August 26.　 B．On August 27.
C．On July 27. D．On July 28.
答案：D
4．If you are the student who has won the competition, who can you bring to the park?
A．Your family. B．Your friends.
C．Your family and teachers. D．Your friends and family.
答案：D
Step Two：Explain difficult sentences
1．We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中演讲比赛中获胜了。
2．Our office would like to have you speak to the park visitors on July 28 at 11：00 am.
[句式分析]
   
.
[尝试翻译]我们办公室想要你在7月28日上午11点钟对公园的游客做个演讲。
?第一板块|重点单词
1．(教材P28)damage n. & vt. 损失；损害
(1)cause/do damage to 　　　　　　　　　　　对……造成损害；损害……
pay the damage 赔偿损失
(2)damage one's health 损害某人的健康
①Eating too much meat one time will do damage to your stomach.
一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
②As we all know, smoking can damage our health.
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
Point ?
一句多译
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
①As we all know, smoking can do_damage_to_our_health.(damage n．)
②It is well known that smoking can damage_our_health.(damage vt.)
2．(教材P28)It was a frightening night.这是一个骇人的夜晚。
　?frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
(1)frighten vt. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　使惊吓；吓唬
frighten sb. into/out of (doing) sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)frightened adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的
①With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
在这么令人恐惧的情况下没人能求助，她感到非常无助。
②She'll be frightened to death when she sees the way you drive.
看到你那样开车，她会吓死的。
Point ?
单句语法填空
①The frightening news made all of them frightened to death.(frighten)
②The little boy was frightened(frighten) of talking with his teacher face to face.
3．(教材P30)Congratulations! We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.
恭喜！我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中演讲比赛中获胜了。
　?congratulation n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词
(1)offer/send one's congratulations to sb.　　　向某人致以祝贺
(2)congratulate vt. 祝贺
congratulate sb. on (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人祝贺
①We sent our congratulations to her when she passed the exam.
当她通过考试时，我们向她表示祝贺。
②Let's go and congratulate him on being accepted by Tsinghua University.
他被清华大学录取了，我们去祝贺他吧。
Point ?
1.单句改错
①I sincerely congratulate you for your success.for→on
②You've won first prize. Congratulation！Congratulation→Congratulations
2．单句写作
我真诚地祝贺你从北京大学毕业。
I_sincerely_express_my_congratulations on your graduating from Beijing University.
4．(教材P30)Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.
评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为这是今年最好的演讲。
　?judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决
(1)judge sb. /sth. by/from　　　　　　　　通过……判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断
(2)judging from/by... 从……来看；根据……判断
①As the old saying goes, “You can't judge a book by its cover.”
俗话说，“你不能以貌取人。”
②As far as I can judge, Li Ming is more reliable.
据我判断，李明更可靠。
Point ?
1.单句语法填空
①Judging(judge) from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.
②I can't make a decision for you, you will have to use your judgement(judge)．
2．单句写作
从他的口音来看，他一定来自美国南部。
Judging_from_his_accent,_he must be from the south of America.
5．(教材P30)I would like to express my thanks to... who...
我想向……表达我的感谢，他/她……
express vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；速递
(1)express one's thanks to　　　　　　　　表达对……的感谢
express one's satisfaction with 表达对……的满意
express oneself 表达自己的思想
(2)expression n. 表达；表情
beyond expression 无法表达
①I would like to express my sincere thanks to all those who have helped me.
我想对所有帮助过我的人表示诚挚的谢意。
②She expressed herself clearly in English.
她用英文清楚地表达了自己的意思。
Point ?
单句语法填空
①As a matter of fact, the beauty of Guilin is beyond expression(express)．
②They also express themselves(they) by using body language.
?第二板块|重点句型解构
1．(教材P30)As you know, this is the day the quake happened...
你知道，……这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。
(1)as you know为非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容。
(2)关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，从句可放在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。as意为“正如”，其后的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, report等。
①As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
②The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。
Sentence ?
单句写作
①正如所预料的一样，他通过了考试。
As_is_expected,_he passed the exam.
②众所周知，汉语在世界上越来越受欢迎。
As_we_all_know,_Chinese is becoming more and more popular in the world.
2．(教材P31)The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.
这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时突然地震发生了。
　be doing sth. when... 正在做某事这时(突然)……when为并列连词，相当于and just at that time。
be about to do... when ...　　　　　　　　正要做……这时……
be on the point of doing... when... 正要做……这时……
had just done... when... 刚刚做完……这时……
①I was walking along the street when I heard my name called.
我正在街上走着，突然听到有人叫我的名字。
②We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们正要动身，这时突然下起雨来。
Sentence ?
单句语法填空
①I was on the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
②I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.
Office of the City Government
Tangshan, Hebei
China
July 5,201________
Dear ________，
Congratulations①！ We are pleased to② tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges③， all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year【1】. Your parents and your school should be very proud of④ you!
【1】此处为all of whom引导的定语从句，修饰先行词judges。
Next month the city will open a new park to honour⑤ those who died in the terrible disaster【2】. The park will also honour those who helped the survivors. Our office would like to⑥ have you speak⑦ to the park visitors on July 28 at 11：00 am. As you know【3】， this is the day the quake happened forty-________years ago.
【2】who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those，此处who不能省略，也不能用that替换。
【3】As在此引导定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。
We invite you to bring your family⑧ and friends on that special day.
Sincerely⑨
Zhang Sha
中国河北省唐山市政府办公室
201________年7月5日
亲爱的________：
祝贺你！我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中演讲比赛中获胜了。(评委会的)五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的。你的父母和你的学校应该为你感到非常骄傲！
下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们，并向那些为幸存者提供过帮助的人致敬。我们办公室希望你在7月28日上午11点给来公园的参观者做演讲。你知道，四十________年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。
在那个特殊的日子里，我们邀请你带着你的家人和朋友一起来。
张莎敬上
[词语积累]
①congratulation/k?n?ɡr?t?u'le??n/ n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
②be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事
③judge/d??d?/n.裁判员；法官
vt.判定；判断；判决
judging from/by...根据……判断，常作状语。
④be proud of...为……感到自豪，因……而骄傲
⑤honour vt.尊重；尊敬
n．荣幸；光荣
⑥would like to do sth.希望做某事
⑦have sb. do sth.让某人做某事
⑧family在这里指“家人”
⑨sincerely/s?n's??l?/adv.真诚地；真挚地
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is difficult to judge (判断) a person by his expression.
2．Once the damage (破坏) is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
3．He can express himself in fluent English now after four years' hard learning.
4．A newspaper headline (大字标题) caught his attention.
5．The cyclist (骑自行车的人) was run down by a lorry.
6．I sincerely (真诚地) hope that you recover quickly after the operation.
7．As we all know, a good reporter (记者) should have a nose for news.
8．We sent Nancy our congratulations (祝贺)on her winning the gold medal in the 1,500-meter race.
9．The children's shouts frightened (使……害怕) the birds and they flew away.
Ⅱ.选词填空
a great number of　in ruins　do damage to　right away　at an end　judge from　be trapped in　in honour of
1．As soon as I heard the good news, I called Tom up right_away.
2．The Civil War, which has lasted for nearly five years, is finally at_an_end.
3．The whole town was in_ruins after the powerful earthquake happened.
4．Judging_from what you say in your letter, you don't get along well with your classmates.
5．It's reported that a_great_number_of people were rescued from under the ruins.
6．I was_trapped_in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.
7．The stadium was named in_honour_of the club's first chairman.
8．The earthquake did_damage_to the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．He was_about_to_turn_off the light when he heard someone call him.
他正要关灯，突然听到有人叫他。
2．I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party, most_of_whom_are_from_abroad.
我邀请了100多位朋友参加聚会，他们中大多数来自国外。
3．As_is_known_to_us,_the West Lake is famous for its beauty.
众所周知，西湖以其美而闻名。
4．Judging_from_the_look_on_his_face,_he hasn't found his son trapped in the mine.
根据他脸上的表情判断，他还没找到被困在矿井里的儿子。
5．It's_useless_trying_to_persuade_him_to_change_his_mind. He is too stubborn.
劝他改变主意无用。他太固执了。
6．The soldiers are putting_up_shelters for the survivors who_have_lost_homes.
战士们正在为失去家园的幸存者修建避身处。
课时作业(十五)　Unit 4　Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I learn that you've been admitted to Tsinghua University. Please accept my congratulations (congratulate) on it.
2．The accident caused some damage to my car, but it was nothing serious.
3．This frightened (frighten) boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.
4．He sincerely (sincere) hoped the country would give up its nuclear weapons and focus more on its economy development.
5．Judging (judge) from his expression, his request must have been turned down.
6．Mr Wilson didn't believe that two-thirds of his children's spare time was (be) wasted in playing computer games.
7．We met a group of cyclists (cycle) on the tour in the Lake District.
8．I honour him beyond expression (express)．
9．She felt greatly honoured (honour) to have been invited to give a lecture at the meeting.
10．John was_studying (study) in his room when he heard someone calling him.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Volunteer Chances for Teens About Learning Buddies
Learning Buddies is an education program for K-5, students at the Beacon Hill, Columbia, Douglass-Truth, NewHolly and West Seattle Library branches(分馆). Teen volunteers and kids read together, learn math and play educational games with support from librarians.
If you are a high school students who enjoys math, reading and helping kids succeed in school, please consider volunteering as a Learning Buddy. You will get service learning experience and earn community service hours for school.
Learning Buddies teaches kids once a week. Volunteer chances are offered at the following Library branches, October through December and March through May.
·Beacon Hill Branch: Tuesday, 4：15 p．m. to 5：45 p．m.
·Columbia Branch: Thursday, 4：15 p．m. to 5：45 p．m.
·Douglass-Truth Branch: Tuesday, 4：15 p．m. to 5：45 p．m.
·NewHolly Branch: Tuesday, 4：15 p．m. to 5：45 p．m.
·West Seattle Branch：Tuesday, 4 p．m. to 5：30 p．m.
Become a Learning Buddy
High school students must be at least 14 years old and live close to a Library branch that offers the Learning Buddies program.
You can ask for a volunteer application and attend an interview at one of the following Library branches at least one month before the fall or spring Learning Buddies series.
·Beacon Hill Branch: call the Teen Services Librarian at 206－684－4711.
·Columbia Branch: call the Teen Services Librarian at 206－386－1908.
·Douglass-Truth Branch: call the Teen Services Librarian at 206－684－4704.
·NewHolly Branch: call the Supervising Librarian at 206－386－1905.
·West Seattle Branch: call the Teen Services Librarian at 206－684－7444.
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。某图书馆为高中生提供志愿服务机会。本文介绍了志愿服务项目的基本情况、活动时间、联系方式以及申请方式等。
1．Which number should you call if you want to volunteer on Thursday?
A．206－684－4711.　　　　　　B．206－386－1908.
C．206－684－4704. D．206－386－1905.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。由第三段后面的“Columbia Branch: Thursday, 4：15 p．m. to 5：45 p．m.和文末的Columbia Branch: call the Teen Services Librarian at 206－386－1908”可获知正确答案。
2．Students who want to become a Learning Buddy must ________.
A．be 14 years old or over
B．do well in all school subjects
C．live close to the kids being taught
D．be able to teach kids twice a week
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由Become a Learning Buddy部分中的“High school students must be at least 14 years old”可知，该志愿者项目要求参加者为14岁及以上的高中生。
3．Where does this text probably come from?
A．A travel guide.
B．A science report.
C．An invitation.
D．An advertisement.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。某图书馆为高中生提供志愿服务机会，本文介绍了该志愿服务项目的概况、可选择的志愿服务地点和联系方式、对参加者的要求等相关信息，因此可推断，本文可能选自一则宣传广告。
B
One night in April, Corey Simmons got on the New York City subway, heading from Manhattan to Brooklyn to pick up his son from his grandmother. Simmons knew he needed to open the green folder(文件夹) on his legs, because inside lay his son's math worksheets that father and son were supposed to complete together.
His son, who was in third grade, had just failed a test on fractions(分数). Simmons, 40, was never great at math. He wasn't sure he remembered much about fractions. He opened the folder and started on a problem, but wan't sure if he was doing it correctly.
Just then, a man got on the train and sat next to him.
“He looked like a professor or something，” Simmons said. “He looked kind of smart... like he knew something about math.”
Like most New Yorkers, Simmons did not often talk to other people on the subway. This time, he shared his problem with the stranger. To his surprise, the man offered to help.
The two men worked through the math problems. The stranger helped Simmons understand how to do the math, so he could later teach his son.
The moment was captured(捕获) by Denise Wilson, who was heading home from her job and saw the pair doing homework. She posted the photo on Facebook. “I really love seeing things like this especially in New York，” she wrote. “To be a dad... and put his pride aside and learn from a complete stranger... it was so cool.”
Simmons said he wasn't afraid to ask for help so he could help his son. “You have to ask questions to get information. I'm not shy to ask，” he said. “I was letting him know ‘I need help, you know, your assistance would be great here on the train.’”
The 20-minute subway lesson gave Simmons high hopes that his son would pass the next test. “He's going to knock it out of the park，” Simmons said.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Simmons本身自己数学不好，但为了帮助儿子学习而在地铁上虚心向身边陌生人请教的故事。
4．What did Simmons plan to do when he got on the subway one night in April?
A．Take a self-test in math.
B．Give his son a phone call.
C．Do his son's math homework.
D．Complete his remaining work.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由第一段中的“Simmons knew he needed to open the green folder ... inside lay his son's math worksheets that father and son were supposed to complete together”和第二段中的“He opened the folder and started on a problem”可知，那晚Simmons准备在地铁上做一遍儿子的数学作业。
5．What did Simmons usually do on the subway?
A．He took photos of others.
B．He offered help to others.
C．He solved math problems.
D．He avoided speaking with others.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由第五段中的“Simmons did not often talk to other people on the subway”可知，Simmons乘坐地铁时一般都不与其他人交谈。
6．How did Denise Wilson feel about what Simmons and the stranger did on the subway?
A．Moved. B．Satisfied.
C．Surprised. D．Proud.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由倒数第三段Denise Wilson说的“I really love seeing things like this... To be a dad... and put his pride aside and learn from a complete stranger... it was so cool”可知，她被Simmons虚心向陌生人请教的行为所感动。
7．What did Simmons think of the 20-minute subway lesson?
A．Boring. B．Helpful.
C．Shameful. D．Expensive.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“The 20-minute subway lesson gave Simmons high hopes that his son would pass the next test”可知，Simmons认为这二十分钟的请教很有用。
Ⅲ.语法填空
People don't always go to coffee shops just 1.________ a drink, but to spend time with friends or read a book. This “coffee shop culture” is 2.________(high) popular in the UK.
There are around 15,000 coffee shops in the UK. Most coffee shops have a relaxed atmosphere(气氛). People go with friends or family 3.________(talk) and relax after going shopping. Also, many people go alone. Coffee shops are great places to read in peace, or to sit and write.
In Colombia, however, the coffee shop culture does not really exist(存在), or, at least, 4.________(be) still very new. Famous for 5.________(it) coffee I imagined that even the smallest Colombian village would have a coffee shop. I mean, they do exist but they are not as common 6.________ I had expected.
The ones that do exist are very 7.________(difference) from those in the UK. They are places 8.________ you go, have a quick drink and then leave at once. Nobody spends the afternoon 9.________(enjoy) a peaceful moment. The idea that a person would go to a coffee shop alone is, clearly, silly .Every time I go alone with a book, other 10.________(customer) look at me strangely. This may be the culture only in Pasto, where I live; other Colombian cities perhaps have a more developed coffee shop culture.
答案与解析：
1．for　考查介词。由本句中的“but to spend time with friends or read a book”可知，设空处所在部分意为“人们去咖啡店并不只是为了喝杯咖啡”，故填介词for。
2．highly　考查副词。设空处作状语修饰形容词popular，表示“非常”，故填副词highly。
3．to talk　考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处所在句意为“人们和朋友或家人购物后会去咖啡店聊聊天，放松一下”，故填to talk，作目的状语。
4．is　考查主谓一致。设空处与“does not really exist”并列作谓语，主语为the coffee shop culture，故填is。
5．its　考查代词。设空处作定语修饰coffee，表示“它的”，故填its。
6．as　考查连词。设空处所在句意为“在这里确实有咖啡店，但没有我预想的那么普遍”，故填as。as...as...“和……一样……”。
7．different　考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，表示“不同的”，故填形容词different。
8．where　考查关系副词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词places，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
9．enjoying　考查v.-ing形式作补语的用法。spend... doing sth.意为“花费……做某事”。
10．customers　考查名词复数。设空处表示“顾客”，由other以及谓语动词look at可知，此处应填customers。
课件42张PPT。Section Ⅳ　Grammar — 定语从句(Ⅰ)
[新知导引]
1．(教材P26)The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
2．(教材P26)Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
3．(教材P26)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
4．(教材P26)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5．The man whom/who/that I have to phone lives in Canada.
[语法详解]
一、定义
1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2．关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。
二、关系代词的用法
1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
Here comes the girl who wants to see you.
想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)
Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语)
3．whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。
Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(whose引导定语从句作定语)
He lives in a room whose window faces north.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(修饰物)
4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
China is a country which has a long history.(作主语)
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn't work.
他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)
This is the house in which I once lived.
这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)
5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who, whom，指物多用which。
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)
This is the novel that interests me.
这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)
The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.
我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)
三、只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况
1．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
2．先行词是不定代词，如all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none等时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
3．先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
I've read all the books that are not mine.
我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。
The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
4．当先行词既有人，又有物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
5．当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?
你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？
考情分析
定语从句是考查频率最高的一类从句，主要考查其关系词。
该从句用法看起来纷繁复杂，但只要抓住它的两种不同角度分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句；关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，再把各自相关的细节一一添加到上面，这些问题就可以迎刃而解。
即时训练
Ⅰ.语法填空
1．The old town has narrow streets and small houses that/which are built close to each other.
2．The new policy only covers people who/that have made great contributions to our country during the war.
3．Simon is a comedian and actor who/that has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy.
4．You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station that/which you can hire to reach your host family.
5．Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．昨天我在街上遇见的那个人是我的经理。
The man who/that_I_met_in_the_street_yesterday is my manager.
2．你记得三个月前我们参观的那家养鸡场吗？
Do you remember the chicken farm that/which_we_visited_three_months_ago?
3．桂林是世界各地的人们想去游览的最美的地方。
Guilin is the most beautiful place that_people_from_all_over_the_world_want_to_visit.
4．那个女孩学习非常刻苦，她的妈妈是一位教师。
The girl whose_mother_is_a_teacher studies very hard.
5.这个擅长英语的小男孩买了一本新词典。
The boy who/that_is_good_at_English bought a new dictionary.
6．营救组挖出那些困在废墟的人。
The rescue team dug out those who_were_trapped_in_the_ruins.
7．在汶川地震中，死亡与失踪的人数超过100,000。
The number of people who_were_dead_or_lost reached more than 100,000 in the Wenchuan earthquake.
8．许多在地震中失去父母的孩子被送到其他城市的家庭里生活。
A number of children who_lost_their_parents were sent to live with families in other cities.
9．所有来这儿的人都有同等的机会展示他们的才华。
All the people that_came_here had an equal chance to show their talents.
10．人们用他们能找到的任何东西在野外搭起临时住所。
People put up shelters in the open with anything they_could_find.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?
2．The picture which/that was about the accident was terrible.
3．This is the very hotel that I stayed at when I was travelling here.
4．The child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
5．The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring which/that he had lost on the train.
6．The children who/that were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
7．The woman who/that is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor.
8．This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.
9．She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
10．Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I'll give you a book which you'll find it interesting.去掉it
2．The old man who you spoke is a famous doctor.
spoke后加to/with
3．I can do everything which is good for you.
which→that
4．This is the first American film which I've ever seen.
which→that
5．Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
wants→want
6．We talked about the things and the people which we met during the war.
which→that
Ⅲ.语法与写作
1．This is the best film that_has_been_shown_this_year (今年放映过的)．
2．This is the pen that_you_lost_yesterday (你昨天丢失的)．
3．He is the most careful boy that_I_have_ever_known (我所知道的)．
4．Wheat is a kind of plant which_is_grown_in_the_north_of_China (中国北方种植的)．
5．This is the factory which_we_visited_last_year (我们去年参观过的)．
6．Mr Liu wants to talk to the student whose_parents_work_in_America (他的父母在美国工作)．
7．Those who_volunteer_to_go_to_Africa (想自愿去非洲的人) have signed their names.
8．Finally I decided to buy this overcoat, whose_price_is_reasonable (它的价钱合理)．
9．You should watch this football match that_was_discussed_by_us_just_now (我们刚才谈论的)．
10．This is the building which_is_designed_by_the_engineer (那位工程师设计的)．
课时作业(十六)　Unit 4　Section Ⅳ　Grammar — 定语从句(Ⅰ)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
2．He is a man whom/who/that we are ready to learn from.
3．The first thing that he did after arriving home was doing his homework.
4．They talked about their classmates and things that they still remembered in the middle school.
5．She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.
6．This dictionary is the second one that I bought in the bookstore.
7．This is the girl who/whom he works with in the office.
8．Is this the computer that/which you bought last week?
9．He is the boy whose father is a professor.
10．Look out! Don't get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
In 1686, a French ship called the Belle disappeared in Texas's Matagorda Bay. It would be more than 300 years before archaeologists(考古学家) were able to dig the site. It turned out to be well worth the wait. The Belle could provide important information about historical events and the last journey of the famous French explorer, Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de La Salle. The Belle was among four French ships that were headed for the mouth of the Mississippi River. The ships sailed far off course and landed on the coast of Texas, about 400 miles from where they had meant to go.
People on the ship faced many difficulties, such as fights with the native American people and disease, but they finally built their homes in a place they named Fort St. Louis. During a strong winter storm, the Belle ended up on the sea floor in Matagorda Bay.
In 1995, after years of searching, an archaeologist named J. Barto Arnold finally came across the wreckage (残骸) of the Belle. It took nearly a year for archaeologists to dig the site. They used a cofferdam that made the work of the archaeologists much easier. It was a large, special wall that was placed around the wreckage of the ship. Workers took all water out of the area inside the cofferdam so that the archaeologists didn't need to work in the water.
After so many years, you might think almost everything would have disappeared because seawater would destroy them bit by bit. Luckily, the thick mud, or wet earth, that covered the ship helped save the things that might have been lost forever.
About a million artifacts(物品) were found, including cloth, bone, wood, the body of the ship, three cannons, thousands of little glass balls, bells, and pottery. Many pieces are in Texas museums today, but it will be a long time before archaeologists have learned everything they can from this amazing discovery!
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了著名法国沉船Belle号在美国德克萨斯州被发现和发掘的过程。
1．What do we know about the Belle?
A．Robert de La Salle discovered the ship.
B．It was found in a place near Fort St. Louis.
C．It planned to go to the Mississippi's mouth.
D．Archaeologists spent many years digging for it.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由第一段中的“The Belle was among four French ships that were headed for the mouth of the Mississippi River”可知，Belle号计划朝密西西比河河口前进。
2．What was the cause of the disappearance of the Belle?
A．Bad weather.
B．Fights with the natives.
C．A bad change of course.
D．The workers' carelessness.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由第二段中的“During a strong winter storm, the Belle ended up on the sea floor in Matagorda Bay”可知，恶劣的天气导致Belle号沉没。
3．How did the cofferdam help the archaeologists?
A．It could dig into the sea floor.
B．It gave them a dry space.
C．It helped them find the artifacts.
D．It helped them reach the site.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。由第三段中的“Workers took all water out of the area inside the cofferdam so that the archaeologists didn't need to work in the water”可知，这个围堰给考古学家提供了干燥的工作空间。
4．Why were a lot of artifacts on the ship in good condition?
A．The seawater in the area was unusual.
B．The ship was hidden under lots of mud.
C．They were covered with special materials.
D．They were protected by the air around them.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Luckily, the thick mud, or wet earth, that covered the ship helped save the things that might have been lost forever”可知，这艘沉船上面覆盖着很多泥土，因此船上的很多遗物都被保存下来了。
B
Anjali Mishra is a rising junior at Sunset High School in Portland, Oregon. At 17, she is president and founder of her school's UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) USA club, and a member of UNICEF's national council(委员会). She also volunteers her time in different communities.
How did Anjali develop such a passion(热情) for helping others? When she was a freshman, she had an experience that greatly changed her attitude. She was invited to a cousin's wedding (婚礼) in India.
“My mom kind of forced me to go，” Anjali say. “When I saw children on the street, I realized how lucky I was as a child. I was able to get whatever I wanted, and my every need was satisfied.”
Anjali asked herself: “What can I do to help? UNICEF stood out to me because it's always on the front lines helping children in need.”
After starting a UNICEF club at her school, Anjali noticed that the community responded actively. She took things a step further by applying to UNICEF's national council.
“UNICEF really liked my work，” she says. “Out of 3,000 applicants, they chose 6 high school students to be on the national council, and I was one of them.”
As a member of the council, Anjali helps organize high school UNICEF clubs around the country and provide resources so that the clubs can manage themselves.
The teen also founded an organization called “Activists United.” Members educate people on the dangers of guns. Anjali encourages other kids to start local clubs and organizations, too. “It takes a lot of effort, but you can get it done if you're passionate，” she says.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。Anjali虽然是一名中学生，但她有一颗善良博爱的心，积极投身慈善事业，帮助贫苦儿童。
5．Why did Anjali go to India?
A．To be a volunteer. B．To see her mother.
C．To spend a holiday. D．To attend a wedding.
答案与解析：D'细节理解题。由第二段中的“She was invited to a cousin's wedding in India”可知，她应邀去印度参加一场婚礼。
6．What has led Anjali to set up the UNICEF USA club?
A．Her mother's suggestion.
B．Her volunteer experience.
C．The situation faced by poor children.
D．The encouragement from her cousin.
答案与解析：C'推理判断题。由第三段中的“When I saw children on the street...my every need was satisfied”和第四段中的“What can I do to help？UNICEF stood out to me”可推断，Anjali看到了街头孩子们的艰难处境，她想为他们做些什么，进而想到了联合国儿童基金会。
7．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A．3,000 applicants.
B．UNICEF officers.
C．6 high school students.
D．Founders of UNICEF's national council.
答案与解析：C'篇章结构题。由倒数第三段可知，当时申请联合国儿童基金会国家委员会成员的人有三千个，有六名高中生申请成功，Anjali便是其(这六名高中生)中之一。
8．What does the organization “Activists United” do?
A．It educates people on gun safety.
B．It raises money for children in need.
C．It helps kids start local organizations.
D．It provides support for UNICEF clubs.
答案与解析：A'细节理解题。由最后一段中的“...‘Activists United.’ Members educate people on the dangers of guns”可知，这个组织的成员教人们认识枪支的危险。
Ⅲ.语法填空
I've been living in the Basque Country in Southwest France for three __1__ (month) now, and I really love it!
The Basque Country is an area __2__ covers parts of Southwest France and Northwest Spain. This area has many wonderful traditions involving(涉及) food, music, festivals and more. While all those things are great, it's the Basque language that I find the most __3__(interest) of all. I came to France __4__(learn) French, but I can't help __5__ (be)attracted by this strange-looking language, which doesn't seem to have anything in common with French, English, or any other language! It __6__ (certain) doesn't sound like any language I've ever heard before!
Languages like Basque are called minority(少数民族) languages because they __7__(speak) by a smaller number of people than the other language or languages in a country. Basque is a minority language in France because most people speak French instead, and __8__number of Basque speakers is decreasing, especially among young people.
Minority languages like Basque bring local communities together and give people an identity that is a bit different from the rest of the country. __9__ would be a pity if these languages disappeared, so people should try hard to protect __10__ (they)．
答案与解析：
1．months'考查名词复数。设空处表示“月”，month是可数名词，由设空处前的three可知，此处应填months。
2．that/which'考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词area，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
3．interesting'考查形容词作定语的用法。it's...of all为强调句，可还原为I find the Basque language the most ________(interest) of all。 由此可知，设空处应填形容词interesting，表示“有趣的”。
4．to learn' 考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处所在句意为“我来法国学法语”，故填to learn作目的状语。
5．being'考查v.-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处所在句意为“我却不由得被这种形式奇特的语言所吸引”，故填being。 can't help doing sth.意为“忍不住做某事”。
6．certainly'考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“毫无疑问”，故填副词certainly。
7．are spoken'考查一般现在时的被动语态。they(指代minority languages)与speak之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，因为此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填are spoken。
8．the'考查定冠词。设空处所在句意为“讲巴斯克语的人数在减少”，故填the。the number of...意为“……的数量”。
9．It'考查it的用法。It would be a pity if...为固定句型，表示“如果……就太可惜了”。
10．them'考查代词。设空处作宾语，指代these languages，表示“它们”，故填them。
课件22张PPT。Section Ⅴ　Writing — 如何写新闻报道
[文体感知]
新闻报道是记叙文的一种，其特点是以事实为依据，对人的经历或事实给予明确的、实事求是的报道。
[写作规范]
[题目要求]
星光中学(Xingguang High School)近期举行了一次登山活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇短文，报道此次活动。内容包括：
1．时间与地点：4月10日，大青山(Daqing Mountain)；
2．活动的过程；
3．你对于这次活动的评论。
注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题谋篇
一、审题
1．体裁：记叙文；
2．话题：报道活动；
3．人称：第三人称；
4．时态：叙述事件用一般过去时；评论用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一段：点出活动的时间、地点、人物和目的；
第二段：描写活动的过程；
第三段：谈谈对活动的认识。
第二步：词汇推敲
1．take_outdoor_exercise　　　　　　　　　　　　参加户外运动
2．set_off_for 动身去某地
3．in_high_spirits 情绪高涨
4．fall_behind 落在后面
5．be_of_great_benefit_to 对……很有益处
6．organize_a_mountain-climbing_activity 组织爬山活动
7．enjoy_fresh_air 享受新鲜空气
8．get_close_to_nature 接近大自然
第三步：句式锻造
1．为了鼓励同学们参加户外运动，我们学校于4月10日组织了登山活动。
In_order_to_encourage_the_students_to_take_outdoor_exercise,_our school organized a mountain-climbing activity on April 10.
2．我们几百个人参加了这项活动。
Hundreds of us took_part_in this activity.
3．有些人落后了。
Some fell_behind.
4．其他的人愿意来提供帮助。
Others would come and offer_help.
5．我们沐浴在阳光下。
We were bathed_in sunshine.
6．我们高兴得欢呼跳跃。
We jumped and cheered with_joy.
7.这不仅让我们接近了大自然，从沉重的学业中得以放松，也增强了我们的友谊。
It not only got us close_to nature and gave us relaxation from heavy school work, it also promoted the friendship among us.
第四步：句式升级
8．用定语从句合并1、2句。
In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise, our school organized a mountain-climbing activity on April 10, which_hundreds_of_us_took_part_in.
9．用when合并3、4句。
When_some_fell_behind,_others_would_come_and_offer_help.
10．用非谓语动词合并5、6句。
Bathed_in_sunshine,_we jumped and cheered with joy.
11．用倒装句改写第7句。
Not_only_did_it_get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work, it also promoted the friendship among us.
第五步：妙笔成篇
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
参考答案：
In order to encourage students to take outdoor exercise, our school organized a mountain-climbing activity on April 10, which hundreds of us took part in.
It was a fine day. At 8 am, we gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountain and set off for the top in high spirits. All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. When some fell behind, others would come and offer help. About 2 hours later, we all reached the top. Bathed in sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.
The activity is of great benefit to us. Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work, but also promoted the friendship among us. What a wonderful time!
[写作提升]
假设你是李华，是校英文报“环球实事”栏目组的小编辑，日本港口城市熊本发生了连续的地震，请根据下列要点写一篇报道。
1．地震的基本信息：
前震：2017年4月14日晚上21点26分；震源深度11千米。
主震：2017年4月16日凌晨1点25分；震源深度10千米。
2．伤亡情况：至少40人死亡、上千人受伤、大量建筑倒塌起火、许多人搬出他们的家。
3．祝愿灾区早日重建。
注意：
1．词数：100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
提示词汇：
熊本市 Kumamoto　前震foreshock　主震 main shock
答案：
The Kumamoto earthquakes are a series of earthquakes, including a main shock which struck at 01：25 am on April 16,2017, at a depth of about 10 km, and a foreshock earthquake at 9：26 pm on April 14, 2017, at a depth of about 11 km. The two earthquakes killed at least 40 people and more than one thousand people got injured. With so many buildings falling down and catching fire, a great number of people have moved out of their homes. We hope that people in the disaster area can lead a normal life and have their beautiful homes rebuilt soon.
[增分佳句]
1．陈述事实常用的句型：
(1)A terrible storm hit/struck Japan.
强风暴袭击了日本。
(2)It was a cool autumn night when the accident happened.
事故发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。
(3)With the help of the rescue team, people who were trapped in the flood were saved.
在救援队的帮助下，困在洪水中的人们得救了。
2．陈述观点常用的句型：
Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.
显然/在我看来/似乎人们震惊了。
3．揭示原因常用的句型：
Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.
因为/幸亏有军队的帮助，受伤的人们被立即送往医院。
4．总结全文常用的句型：
In a word/To draw a conclusion/I believe we will build a new city.
总之/我相信我们将重建一个新城。
课件17张PPT。课时作业(十三)　Unit 4　Section Ⅰ　Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage.
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude (震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0. There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experiences with earthquakes might be considered insignificant.
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other. All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes which to us felt like hours.
The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the_famous_landmark.
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayer－something like, “Help me get out of here in time. Dear Heavenly Father.” Minutes later, I was safe outside.
【语篇解读】　作者回忆了自己经历的三次地震。
1．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about ________.
A．a new film about an earthquake
B．how to survive an earthquake
C．his three earthquake experiences
D．how to save children in an earthquake
答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。作者主要向读者介绍了自己经历的三次地震。
2．The earthquakes the author has experienced ________.
A．all caused bodily harm
B．are all recorded in a website
C．all measured more than 6.0
D．all happened in California
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first one was in 1955... in California”和第四段第二句以及第五段的“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California.”可知答案。
3．When the first earthquake happened, the author ________.
A．was staying with his daughter
B．was planting fruit trees
C．held on to a tree for hours
D．was in a hotel
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句及最后一句的“All three of us (my daughter, I, and the tree) shook for two or three minutes”可知第一次地震发生时，作者和他的女儿正待在一起。
4．What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer
to?
A．A church.
B．Disneyland.
C．A building destroyed by an earthquake.
D．The place where the author was born.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据上文“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland”可知答案。
B
After an earthquake most survivors can be expected to recover over time, particularly with the support of family and friends. Some families will be able to return to their normal life quickly, while others will have to contend_with the destruction of their homes, medical problems, and injury to family members. Children especially will need time to recover from the loss of a loved one or a pet or from the closing down of their school.
Children often turn to adults for information, comfort and help. Parents should try to remain calm, answer children's questions honestly and remain understanding when they see changes in their children's behavior.
Children react differently to an earthquake depending on their ages, developmental levels and former experiences. Some will respond by withdrawing (不与人交往), while others will have angry outbursts (爆发). Parents should remain sensitive to each child's reactions. Parents should spend time talking to their children, letting them know that it's OK to ask questions and to share their worries. Although it may be hard to find time to have these talks, parents can use regular family mealtimes or bedtimes for them. They should answer questions briefly and honestly and be sure to ask their children for their opinions and ideas. Issues may come up more than once and parents should remain patient when you answer the questions again. For young children, parents, after talking about the earthquake, might read a favorite story or have a relaxing family activity to help them calm down. Parents should also tell children they are safe and spend extra time with them. They could play games outside or read together indoors. Most importantly, be sure to tell them you love them.
【语篇解读】　本文就震后如何帮助孩子恢复身心健康向家长提供了有关的建议。
5．The underlined phrase “contend with” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”．
A．deal with　　B．make up
C．put off D．turn back
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可推出此处contend with意思为“处理”，与deal with接近。
6．When children ask the same question again, parents should ________.
A．read a favorite story to comfort them
B．ask them to help do some housework
C．be patient and answer the question again
D．take them out to play games
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Issues may come up more than once and parents should remain patient when you answer the questions again.”可知答案。
7．Which of the following pieces of advice is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Keep a close watch on children's behavior.
B．Tell the children they are safe.
C．Tell the children you love them.
D．Ask educational experts for help.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。从文章最后一段可找到有关A、B、C三个选项的表述，D项文中没有提及。
8．What can we know from the passage?
A．All people will recover from an earthquake quickly.
B．Children may need a longer time to recover after an earthquake.
C．Children should turn to their classmates for help after an earthquake.
D．Children react in the same way as adults do to an earthquake.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Children especially will need time to recover from...”可知B项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读填句
The Grand Canyon(大峡谷) is a large river canyon in Arizona. It is over 220 miles long and over a mile deep in some places. __1__ The canyon is considered one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.
Over millions of years, the Colorado River cut through rocks as it passed through the area. __2__ Now, the canyon is surrounded(围绕) by high walls on either side, while the river continues to move at the bottom of the canyon.
Besides its large size, the Grand Canyon is also known for its beautiful colors. The canyon is made of layers(层) of rock, and each layer of rock has a different depth and color. Geologists(地质学家) have found almost 40 different layers of rock.
The Grand Canyon is home to different kinds of plants and animals. __3__ Many kinds of animals also live there, including the bald eagle, bobcats, bats and Gila monsters.
American Indians have lived in the area for around 3,000 years. Spanish explorers(探险家) first discovered the area in 1540. Later, other Spanish explorers returned in 1776. __4__
Arizona became part of the United States in 1848, and the first geological studies were completed on the Grand Canyon in 1856. __5__ About five million tourists visit the park each year.
A．Its widest point is 18 miles wide.
B．It's not the deepest canyon in the world.
C．Weather changes quickly at the Grand Canyon.
D．Slowly, the river made the way deeper and deeper.
E．There are over 1,700 known plants growing in the area.
F．Today, the canyon is part of the Grand Canyon National Park.
G．However, they did not stay, as they found the canyon impossible to cross.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章是对美国科罗拉多大峡谷的介绍。
1．A　该空所在段落是对大峡谷地理位置及情况的介绍。A项“Its widest point is 18 miles wide”与该空前的“over 220 miles long and over a mile deep in some places”相呼应。
2．D　D项中的“the river made the way deeper and deeper”与该空前的“Over millions of years, the Colorado River cut through rocks”相呼应，解释了大峡谷形成的原因。
3．E　E项中的“over 1,700 known plants growing in the area”与该空前的“home to different kinds of plants and animals”相呼应。
4．G　本段是对大峡谷历史文化的介绍。由该空前的“first discovered”和“returned”可知，G项承接上文，说明了西班牙探险家的情况并解释了他们没有停留在此的原因。G项中的they指该空前的“Spanish explorers”。
5．F　该空后的the park指的是F项中的“the Grand Canyon National Park”。本文介绍的大峡谷是美国大峡谷国家公园的一部分。
课时作业(十四)　Unit 4　Section Ⅱ　Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．These dead ducks should be_buried (bury) immediately since they aren't fit to be eaten.
2．Lily had to call a taxi because the box was too heavy to carry all the way home.
3．They were extremely (extreme) sad at the thought of their missing dog.
4．When she heard about the news that her father had died, she burst out crying (cry)．
5．The big fire lasted for four hours and all the buildings along the street were destroyed (destroy)．
6．These old people have experienced all kinds of sufferings (suffer) in their difficult times.
7．Three reporters (report) from the local evening news will come to cover the event this afternoon.
8．The medicine seems useless (use) to his illness because he still remains poor in his health.
9．All the listeners were greatly shocked (shock) when they heard the terrible news on radio.
10．It is reported that five miners (mine) got buried in the mine when the accident broke out.
11．However, millions (million) of students in developing countries have little or no chance for qualified English language education.
12．Many important events (event) happening in our university are recorded in the book.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The light is swaying (摇动). The building is shaking. A woman with a baby in her arms is trying to open the door, but fails. Finding no way, she rushes into her bedroom and there they survive the earthquake.
In a factory building, as the workshop floor swings under the terrible shaking, workers run for safety. Some hide under the machines and survive, but others who try to run outside are killed by the falling ceilings.
These scenes, played by actors and actresses, are from a film of science education making a split second decision shown the year 2011 on China Central TV to mark the 35th anniversary of Tangshan earthquake on July 28.
By studying actual cases in the earthquake areas and scientific experiments, experts found that buildings remain untouched for the first 12 seconds of an earthquake.
In this short time, one has the best chance of surviving an earthquake by staying near the inside walls, in bedrooms and under beds, experts concluded in the film.
“Earthquake_seems_to_catch_the_lives_of_those_who_run.” said many survivors in the earthquake areas, describing how their friends were killed on the doorways or along the stair steps as they tried to get out of the building.
Their advice was proved in the film. “Take a hiding place where you are rather than run, unless you are sure you can reach a safe open place in ten seconds.”
【语篇解读】　地震发生时山摇地动，你能跑出去吗？跑不出去怎么办？是盲目地跑出去好，还是冷静地采取自救措施会更好？本文通过影片的片段，介绍了地震发生时如何冷静地应对。
1．The word “survive” appears in the passage several times in different forms. It probably means “________”．
A．remain alive after
B．be frightened by
C．fight against
D．try to get out of
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。全文多处提到，采用其他逃生方法的人大多被砸死了，而没有跑，躲起来的却幸存了下来。
2．What does the underlined sentence “Earthquake seems to catch the lives of those who run.” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Earthquakes like the people who run.
B．Those people who try to get out of the building would probably lose their lives.
C．You should stay still in an earthquake.
D．People who run in an earthquake must die.
答案与解析：B　句意理解题。结合上下文可知在地震中试图跑出建筑物的人更容易丧生。
3．Which is the best way to take in an earthquake?
A．You must run down the steps as fast as you can.
B．You'd better not move and lie on the floor at once.
C．You should find a place and hide in it within 10 seconds where something is strong enough to hold against the ceilings.
D．You have to cry for help.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由文章最后一句“Take a hiding place where you are rather than run, unless you are sure you can reach a safe open place in ten seconds.”可以得出结论。
4．What does the writer mainly talk about in the passage?
A．China Central TV Station made a wonderful film.
B．In an earthquake many people died miserably.
C．The experts did some important experiments.
D．To run or not to run in an earthquake, which is the right way?
答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了地震发生时，最好的逃生方式是什么，是往外跑还是找个安全的地方躲起来。
Ⅲ.完形填空
I have suffered from depression(抑郁症) from a young age, and it heavily influenced my teenage years. After a long struggle(斗争), I found __1__ and it changed my life.
My depression really started after my family __2__ to the UK when I was about eleven years old. Getting used to life in a foreign country was very __3__ . Friends I knew were gone, and the change in environment, school and family life __4__ my depression. I had a lot of __5__ in life. This made it feel impossible for me to __6__ . For years I woke up a lot in the middle of the nights, __7__ and unable to deal with my depression.
At the time, I didn't understand it was a(n) __8__ . I remember one day I was coming back home after playing in the park, I couldn't __9__ strength(力气) to get myself home. I leaned(倚靠) against a wall and __10__ . It felt like I was carrying the world on my shoulders. I never really turned to anyone either, __11__ I felt there wan't anyone who could help with my __12__ . Looking back now I know I was __13__ and I could have dealt with things better.
What turned around my life was __14__ street dancing.
I was encouraged by a friend, and I __15__ taking classes at a studio(练功房) in London. I then went out and __16__ a lot of other dancers to practice and train with. It gave me a __17__， and the happiness I got from it helped me __18__ my depression. The dancing helped change my life and my studies.
My __19__ to anyone who might go through something like this is reach out for help. __20__ myself up means that I can get help when I need it. My friends have offered me their support when I need someone to talk with.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者十一岁时跟随父母移居到英国。环境、生活的突然改变让作者变得抑郁，生活受到了很大的影响。后来，在朋友的鼓励下，作者开始跳舞，开始与人交往。渐渐地作者从抑郁中走了出来。这段经历使作者明白，我们要勇敢面对遇到的问题，善于敞开心扉，向他人求助。
1．A.work　　　　　　　　　　　B．dance
C．love D．music
答案与解析：B　由下文中的“street dancing”以及“The dancing helped change my life and my studies”可知，“我”发现了“舞蹈(dance)”，它改变了我的生活。
2．A.traveled B．drove
C．moved D．rushed
答案与解析：C　由下文中的“Getting used to life in a foreign country”以及“Friends I knew were gone... school and family life”可知，此处表示“我”十一岁时，家人“移居(moved)”到英国。
3．A.difficult B．exciting
C．boring D．easy
答案与解析：A　由下文中的“Friends I knew were gone ... school and family life”可知，“我发现了舞蹈(dance)”，它改变了我的生活。
4．A.treated B．caused
C．stopped D．hid
答案与解析：B　由上文中的“My depression really started after... eleven years old”以及下文中的“unable to deal with my depression”可知，环境、学习以及家庭生活的改变让“我”变得抑郁，故填caused。
5．A.interests B．choices
C．surprises D．troubles
答案与解析：D　“我”遇到了很多麻烦。
6．A.give in B．show up
C．carry on D．stand out
答案与解析：C　由“Friends I knew were gone... the change in environment, school and family life”以及下文中的“impossible”可知，“我”在生活中碰到了许多“困难(troubles)”，让“我”感到无法“坚持(carry on)”下去。
7．A.sad B．pleased
C．comfortable D．surprised
答案与解析：A　由“unable to deal with depression”可知，“我”无数个夜晚醒来，感到很“难过(sad)”。
8．A.failure B．exercise
C．fear D．illness
答案与解析：D　由下文中的“strength”以及“leaned against a wall”可知，作者不知道抑郁是一种“疾病(illness)”，让人浑身无力。
9．A.lose B．increase
C．find D．test
答案与解析：C　“我”感觉浑身无力。
10．A.showed off B．got off
C．turned down D．fell down
答案与解析：D　由文中的“I leaned against a wall”及“It felt like I was carrying the world on my shoulders”可知，“我”感到“浑身无力(couldn't find strength)”，回不了家，“我”靠在墙上，“倒了下去(fell down)”。
11．A.as B．but
C．unless D．though
答案与解析：A　“我”感到无助，因为我觉得无人可以帮助“我”。
12．A.studies B．situation
C．research D．stories
答案与解析：B　……无人能帮助“我”摆脱这种“状况”。
13．A.wrong B．strange
C．smart D．fine
答案与解析：A　由上文中的“I never really turned to anyone either”以及下文中的“I could have dealt with things better”可知，“我”没有向任何人求助，“因为(as)”“我”认为没有人能帮助“我”走出这个“困境(situation)”。现在回过头来看，“我”知道自己“错了(wrong)”，“我”本来能够把事情处理得更好。
14．A.giving up B．watching
C．getting into D．teaching
答案与解析：C　由下文中的“taking classes at a studio in London”以及 “The dancing helped change my life and my studies”可知，“我”的生活发生转变是因为“开始(getting into)”跳街舞。
15．A.started B．continued
C．regretted D．suggested
答案与解析：A　……开始上舞蹈课。
16．A.called B．allowed
C．expected D．met
答案与解析：D　由“I then went out... a lot of other dancers to practice and train with”可知，在一位朋友的鼓励下，“我”“开始(started)”上舞蹈课，“认识了(met)”其他跳舞的人，和他们一起练习舞蹈。
17．A.lesson B．purpose
C．reason D．feeling
答案与解析：B　“我”找到了生活的目标和意义。
18．A.manage B．develop
C．experience D．know
答案与解析：A　由“I then went out... a lot of other dancers to practice and train with”以及“The dancing helped change my life and my studies”可知，“我”找到了生活的“意义(purpose)”，从跳舞中获得的幸福感帮助“我”“克服了(manage)”抑郁。
19．A.promise B．support
C．reply D．advice
答案与解析：D　结合全文可知，作者的经历使他明白，我们要勇敢面对遇到的问题，向他人求助。这也是他想给面对同样问题的人们的“建议(advice)”。
20．A.Holding B．Picking
C．Opening D．Warming
答案与解析：C　由上文中的“reach out for help”以及下文中的“I need someone to talk with”可知，此处指作者向他人“敞开(Opening)”心扉，得到了想要的帮助。
课时作业(十五)　Unit 4　Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I learn that you've been admitted to Tsinghua University. Please accept my congratulations (congratulate) on it.
2．The accident caused some damage to my car, but it was nothing serious.
3．This frightened (frighten) boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.
4．He sincerely (sincere) hoped the country would give up its nuclear weapons and focus more on its economy development.
5．Judging (judge) from his expression, his request must have been turned down.
6．Mr Wilson didn't believe that two-thirds of his children's spare time was (be) wasted in playing computer games.
7．We met a group of cyclists (cycle) on the tour in the Lake District.
8．I honour him beyond expression (express)．
9．She felt greatly honoured (honour) to have been invited to give a lecture at the meeting.
10．John was_studying (study) in his room when he heard someone calling him.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Volunteer Chances for Teens About Learning Buddies
Learning Buddies is an education program for K-5, students at the Beacon Hill, Columbia, Douglass-Truth, NewHolly and West Seattle Library branches(分馆). Teen volunteers and kids read together, learn math and play educational games with support from librarians.
If you are a high school students who enjoys math, reading and helping kids succeed in school, please consider volunteering as a Learning Buddy. You will get service learning experience and earn community service hours for school.
Learning Buddies teaches kids once a week. Volunteer chances are offered at the following Library branches, October through December and March through May.
·Beacon Hill Branch: Tuesday, 4：15 p．m. to 5：45 p．m.
·Columbia Branch: Thursday, 4：15 p．m. to 5：45 p．m.
·Douglass-Truth Branch: Tuesday, 4：15 p．m. to 5：45 p．m.
·NewHolly Branch: Tuesday, 4：15 p．m. to 5：45 p．m.
·West Seattle Branch：Tuesday, 4 p．m. to 5：30 p．m.
Become a Learning Buddy
High school students must be at least 14 years old and live close to a Library branch that offers the Learning Buddies program.
You can ask for a volunteer application and attend an interview at one of the following Library branches at least one month before the fall or spring Learning Buddies series.
·Beacon Hill Branch: call the Teen Services Librarian at 206－684－4711.
·Columbia Branch: call the Teen Services Librarian at 206－386－1908.
·Douglass-Truth Branch: call the Teen Services Librarian at 206－684－4704.
·NewHolly Branch: call the Supervising Librarian at 206－386－1905.
·West Seattle Branch: call the Teen Services Librarian at 206－684－7444.
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。某图书馆为高中生提供志愿服务机会。本文介绍了志愿服务项目的基本情况、活动时间、联系方式以及申请方式等。
1．Which number should you call if you want to volunteer on Thursday?
A．206－684－4711.　　　　　　B．206－386－1908.
C．206－684－4704. D．206－386－1905.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。由第三段后面的“Columbia Branch: Thursday, 4：15 p．m. to 5：45 p．m.和文末的Columbia Branch: call the Teen Services Librarian at 206－386－1908”可获知正确答案。
2．Students who want to become a Learning Buddy must ________.
A．be 14 years old or over
B．do well in all school subjects
C．live close to the kids being taught
D．be able to teach kids twice a week
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由Become a Learning Buddy部分中的“High school students must be at least 14 years old”可知，该志愿者项目要求参加者为14岁及以上的高中生。
3．Where does this text probably come from?
A．A travel guide.
B．A science report.
C．An invitation.
D．An advertisement.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。某图书馆为高中生提供志愿服务机会，本文介绍了该志愿服务项目的概况、可选择的志愿服务地点和联系方式、对参加者的要求等相关信息，因此可推断，本文可能选自一则宣传广告。
B
One night in April, Corey Simmons got on the New York City subway, heading from Manhattan to Brooklyn to pick up his son from his grandmother. Simmons knew he needed to open the green folder(文件夹) on his legs, because inside lay his son's math worksheets that father and son were supposed to complete together.
His son, who was in third grade, had just failed a test on fractions(分数). Simmons, 40, was never great at math. He wasn't sure he remembered much about fractions. He opened the folder and started on a problem, but wan't sure if he was doing it correctly.
Just then, a man got on the train and sat next to him.
“He looked like a professor or something，” Simmons said. “He looked kind of smart... like he knew something about math.”
Like most New Yorkers, Simmons did not often talk to other people on the subway. This time, he shared his problem with the stranger. To his surprise, the man offered to help.
The two men worked through the math problems. The stranger helped Simmons understand how to do the math, so he could later teach his son.
The moment was captured(捕获) by Denise Wilson, who was heading home from her job and saw the pair doing homework. She posted the photo on Facebook. “I really love seeing things like this especially in New York，” she wrote. “To be a dad... and put his pride aside and learn from a complete stranger... it was so cool.”
Simmons said he wasn't afraid to ask for help so he could help his son. “You have to ask questions to get information. I'm not shy to ask，” he said. “I was letting him know ‘I need help, you know, your assistance would be great here on the train.’”
The 20-minute subway lesson gave Simmons high hopes that his son would pass the next test. “He's going to knock it out of the park，” Simmons said.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Simmons本身自己数学不好，但为了帮助儿子学习而在地铁上虚心向身边陌生人请教的故事。
4．What did Simmons plan to do when he got on the subway one night in April?
A．Take a self-test in math.
B．Give his son a phone call.
C．Do his son's math homework.
D．Complete his remaining work.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由第一段中的“Simmons knew he needed to open the green folder ... inside lay his son's math worksheets that father and son were supposed to complete together”和第二段中的“He opened the folder and started on a problem”可知，那晚Simmons准备在地铁上做一遍儿子的数学作业。
5．What did Simmons usually do on the subway?
A．He took photos of others.
B．He offered help to others.
C．He solved math problems.
D．He avoided speaking with others.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由第五段中的“Simmons did not often talk to other people on the subway”可知，Simmons乘坐地铁时一般都不与其他人交谈。
6．How did Denise Wilson feel about what Simmons and the stranger did on the subway?
A．Moved. B．Satisfied.
C．Surprised. D．Proud.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由倒数第三段Denise Wilson说的“I really love seeing things like this... To be a dad... and put his pride aside and learn from a complete stranger... it was so cool”可知，她被Simmons虚心向陌生人请教的行为所感动。
7．What did Simmons think of the 20-minute subway lesson?
A．Boring. B．Helpful.
C．Shameful. D．Expensive.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“The 20-minute subway lesson gave Simmons high hopes that his son would pass the next test”可知，Simmons认为这二十分钟的请教很有用。
Ⅲ.语法填空
People don't always go to coffee shops just 1.________ a drink, but to spend time with friends or read a book. This “coffee shop culture” is 2.________(high) popular in the UK.
There are around 15,000 coffee shops in the UK. Most coffee shops have a relaxed atmosphere(气氛). People go with friends or family 3.________(talk) and relax after going shopping. Also, many people go alone. Coffee shops are great places to read in peace, or to sit and write.
In Colombia, however, the coffee shop culture does not really exist(存在), or, at least, 4.________(be) still very new. Famous for 5.________(it) coffee I imagined that even the smallest Colombian village would have a coffee shop. I mean, they do exist but they are not as common 6.________ I had expected.
The ones that do exist are very 7.________(difference) from those in the UK. They are places 8.________ you go, have a quick drink and then leave at once. Nobody spends the afternoon 9.________(enjoy) a peaceful moment. The idea that a person would go to a coffee shop alone is, clearly, silly .Every time I go alone with a book, other 10.________(customer) look at me strangely. This may be the culture only in Pasto, where I live; other Colombian cities perhaps have a more developed coffee shop culture.
答案与解析：
1．for　考查介词。由本句中的“but to spend time with friends or read a book”可知，设空处所在部分意为“人们去咖啡店并不只是为了喝杯咖啡”，故填介词for。
2．highly　考查副词。设空处作状语修饰形容词popular，表示“非常”，故填副词highly。
3．to talk　考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处所在句意为“人们和朋友或家人购物后会去咖啡店聊聊天，放松一下”，故填to talk，作目的状语。
4．is　考查主谓一致。设空处与“does not really exist”并列作谓语，主语为the coffee shop culture，故填is。
5．its　考查代词。设空处作定语修饰coffee，表示“它的”，故填its。
6．as　考查连词。设空处所在句意为“在这里确实有咖啡店，但没有我预想的那么普遍”，故填as。as...as...“和……一样……”。
7．different　考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，表示“不同的”，故填形容词different。
8．where　考查关系副词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词places，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
9．enjoying　考查v.-ing形式作补语的用法。spend... doing sth.意为“花费……做某事”。
10．customers　考查名词复数。设空处表示“顾客”，由other以及谓语动词look at可知，此处应填customers。
课时作业(十六)　Unit 4　Section Ⅳ　Grammar — 定语从句(Ⅰ)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
2．He is a man whom/who/that we are ready to learn from.
3．The first thing that he did after arriving home was doing his homework.
4．They talked about their classmates and things that they still remembered in the middle school.
5．She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.
6．This dictionary is the second one that I bought in the bookstore.
7．This is the girl who/whom he works with in the office.
8．Is this the computer that/which you bought last week?
9．He is the boy whose father is a professor.
10．Look out! Don't get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
In 1686, a French ship called the Belle disappeared in Texas's Matagorda Bay. It would be more than 300 years before archaeologists(考古学家) were able to dig the site. It turned out to be well worth the wait. The Belle could provide important information about historical events and the last journey of the famous French explorer, Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de La Salle. The Belle was among four French ships that were headed for the mouth of the Mississippi River. The ships sailed far off course and landed on the coast of Texas, about 400 miles from where they had meant to go.
People on the ship faced many difficulties, such as fights with the native American people and disease, but they finally built their homes in a place they named Fort St. Louis. During a strong winter storm, the Belle ended up on the sea floor in Matagorda Bay.
In 1995, after years of searching, an archaeologist named J. Barto Arnold finally came across the wreckage (残骸) of the Belle. It took nearly a year for archaeologists to dig the site. They used a cofferdam that made the work of the archaeologists much easier. It was a large, special wall that was placed around the wreckage of the ship. Workers took all water out of the area inside the cofferdam so that the archaeologists didn't need to work in the water.
After so many years, you might think almost everything would have disappeared because seawater would destroy them bit by bit. Luckily, the thick mud, or wet earth, that covered the ship helped save the things that might have been lost forever.
About a million artifacts(物品) were found, including cloth, bone, wood, the body of the ship, three cannons, thousands of little glass balls, bells, and pottery. Many pieces are in Texas museums today, but it will be a long time before archaeologists have learned everything they can from this amazing discovery!
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了著名法国沉船Belle号在美国德克萨斯州被发现和发掘的过程。
1．What do we know about the Belle?
A．Robert de La Salle discovered the ship.
B．It was found in a place near Fort St. Louis.
C．It planned to go to the Mississippi's mouth.
D．Archaeologists spent many years digging for it.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由第一段中的“The Belle was among four French ships that were headed for the mouth of the Mississippi River”可知，Belle号计划朝密西西比河河口前进。
2．What was the cause of the disappearance of the Belle?
A．Bad weather.
B．Fights with the natives.
C．A bad change of course.
D．The workers' carelessness.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由第二段中的“During a strong winter storm, the Belle ended up on the sea floor in Matagorda Bay”可知，恶劣的天气导致Belle号沉没。
3．How did the cofferdam help the archaeologists?
A．It could dig into the sea floor.
B．It gave them a dry space.
C．It helped them find the artifacts.
D．It helped them reach the site.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。由第三段中的“Workers took all water out of the area inside the cofferdam so that the archaeologists didn't need to work in the water”可知，这个围堰给考古学家提供了干燥的工作空间。
4．Why were a lot of artifacts on the ship in good condition?
A．The seawater in the area was unusual.
B．The ship was hidden under lots of mud.
C．They were covered with special materials.
D．They were protected by the air around them.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Luckily, the thick mud, or wet earth, that covered the ship helped save the things that might have been lost forever”可知，这艘沉船上面覆盖着很多泥土，因此船上的很多遗物都被保存下来了。
B
Anjali Mishra is a rising junior at Sunset High School in Portland, Oregon. At 17, she is president and founder of her school's UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) USA club, and a member of UNICEF's national council(委员会). She also volunteers her time in different communities.
How did Anjali develop such a passion(热情) for helping others? When she was a freshman, she had an experience that greatly changed her attitude. She was invited to a cousin's wedding (婚礼) in India.
“My mom kind of forced me to go，” Anjali say. “When I saw children on the street, I realized how lucky I was as a child. I was able to get whatever I wanted, and my every need was satisfied.”
Anjali asked herself: “What can I do to help? UNICEF stood out to me because it's always on the front lines helping children in need.”
After starting a UNICEF club at her school, Anjali noticed that the community responded actively. She took things a step further by applying to UNICEF's national council.
“UNICEF really liked my work，” she says. “Out of 3,000 applicants, they chose 6 high school students to be on the national council, and I was one of them.”
As a member of the council, Anjali helps organize high school UNICEF clubs around the country and provide resources so that the clubs can manage themselves.
The teen also founded an organization called “Activists United.” Members educate people on the dangers of guns. Anjali encourages other kids to start local clubs and organizations, too. “It takes a lot of effort, but you can get it done if you're passionate，” she says.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。Anjali虽然是一名中学生，但她有一颗善良博爱的心，积极投身慈善事业，帮助贫苦儿童。
5．Why did Anjali go to India?
A．To be a volunteer. B．To see her mother.
C．To spend a holiday. D．To attend a wedding.
答案与解析：D'细节理解题。由第二段中的“She was invited to a cousin's wedding in India”可知，她应邀去印度参加一场婚礼。
6．What has led Anjali to set up the UNICEF USA club?
A．Her mother's suggestion.
B．Her volunteer experience.
C．The situation faced by poor children.
D．The encouragement from her cousin.
答案与解析：C'推理判断题。由第三段中的“When I saw children on the street...my every need was satisfied”和第四段中的“What can I do to help？UNICEF stood out to me”可推断，Anjali看到了街头孩子们的艰难处境，她想为他们做些什么，进而想到了联合国儿童基金会。
7．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A．3,000 applicants.
B．UNICEF officers.
C．6 high school students.
D．Founders of UNICEF's national council.
答案与解析：C'篇章结构题。由倒数第三段可知，当时申请联合国儿童基金会国家委员会成员的人有三千个，有六名高中生申请成功，Anjali便是其(这六名高中生)中之一。
8．What does the organization “Activists United” do?
A．It educates people on gun safety.
B．It raises money for children in need.
C．It helps kids start local organizations.
D．It provides support for UNICEF clubs.
答案与解析：A'细节理解题。由最后一段中的“...‘Activists United.’ Members educate people on the dangers of guns”可知，这个组织的成员教人们认识枪支的危险。
Ⅲ.语法填空
I've been living in the Basque Country in Southwest France for three __1__ (month) now, and I really love it!
The Basque Country is an area __2__ covers parts of Southwest France and Northwest Spain. This area has many wonderful traditions involving(涉及) food, music, festivals and more. While all those things are great, it's the Basque language that I find the most __3__(interest) of all. I came to France __4__(learn) French, but I can't help __5__ (be)attracted by this strange-looking language, which doesn't seem to have anything in common with French, English, or any other language! It __6__ (certain) doesn't sound like any language I've ever heard before!
Languages like Basque are called minority(少数民族) languages because they __7__(speak) by a smaller number of people than the other language or languages in a country. Basque is a minority language in France because most people speak French instead, and __8__number of Basque speakers is decreasing, especially among young people.
Minority languages like Basque bring local communities together and give people an identity that is a bit different from the rest of the country. __9__ would be a pity if these languages disappeared, so people should try hard to protect __10__ (they)．
答案与解析：
1．months'考查名词复数。设空处表示“月”，month是可数名词，由设空处前的three可知，此处应填months。
2．that/which'考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词area，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
3．interesting'考查形容词作定语的用法。it's...of all为强调句，可还原为I find the Basque language the most ________(interest) of all。 由此可知，设空处应填形容词interesting，表示“有趣的”。
4．to learn' 考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处所在句意为“我来法国学法语”，故填to learn作目的状语。
5．being'考查v.-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处所在句意为“我却不由得被这种形式奇特的语言所吸引”，故填being。 can't help doing sth.意为“忍不住做某事”。
6．certainly'考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“毫无疑问”，故填副词certainly。
7．are spoken'考查一般现在时的被动语态。they(指代minority languages)与speak之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，因为此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填are spoken。
8．the'考查定冠词。设空处所在句意为“讲巴斯克语的人数在减少”，故填the。the number of...意为“……的数量”。
9．It'考查it的用法。It would be a pity if...为固定句型，表示“如果……就太可惜了”。
10．them'考查代词。设空处作宾语，指代these languages，表示“它们”，故填them。