人教版必修1 Unit 5　Nelson Mandela — a modern hero（课件+教案）

Unit 5　Nelson Mandela — a modern hero
曼德拉——南非首位黑人总统，被尊称为南非国父。曼德拉不仅仅是一位伟人，更是人们敬仰的英雄。
Nelson Mandela, the first black president of South Africa who was a symbol (象征) of social justice (公正), passed away on Dec. 5, 2013. His death is a great loss to the whole world, since this modern hero, who used to fight for the black people, helped the black people get the same rights as white people, and began a school to help those who had little learning even during the time when he was put into prison. He was the one who always gave priority to (优先考虑) his nation.
Nelson was a great man, but he was more than a great man. He was, is, and always will be a hero. In my view, being a hero means more than making great achievements. In fact, heroes are extraordinary (非凡的), because their hearts are filled with love for people. It is this love that makes them heroes, rather than great men.
So this is the difference between great men and heroes. What makes a hero is not only one's achievements, but also his selfless (无私的) love. With great achievements and selfless love, the person can become a true hero, just like Nelson Mandela.
短文注释：
1．pass away　去世
2．a great loss
一个巨大的损失
3．used to do 过去常常
4．fight for... 为……而奋斗
5．put... into prison
将……投入监狱
6．in my view 在我看来
7．make great achievements
取得巨大成就
8．be filled with 　充满
9．not only... but also...
不但……而且……
Section Ⅰ　Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
重点单词
写作词汇
1.quality n．　　　　　　质量；品质；性质
2．mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
3．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的
4．found vt. 建立；建设
5．principle n. 法则；原则
6．stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期
7．vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举
n. 投票；选票；表决
8．attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击
拓展词汇
1.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n．活动
2．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．热爱；献身；奉献
3．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦
4．guidance n．指导；领导→guide v．指导；带领
5．hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hope n．希望；愿望
6．violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv.猛烈地
7．equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
8．self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地
9．legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal adj.(反义词)非法的，违法的
10．youth n．青年，青年时期→young adj.年轻的
11．lawyer n．律师→law 法律
12．willing adj.乐意的，自愿的→unwilling adj.不乐意的
阅读词汇
1.warm-hearted adj. 热心肠的
2．easy-going adj. 随和的，温和宽容的
3．republic n. 共和国
4．giant adj. 巨大的
5．mankind n. 人类
6．league n. 同盟；联盟
重点短语
　　
1.out_of_work 失业
2．as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上
3．in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
4．turn_to 求助于；致力于
5．blow_up 使充气；爆炸
6．be_grateful_to 对……感激
7．die_for 为……而死
8．achieve_one's_dream 实现梦想
重点句型
1.This is/was a time when...这是一个……时期
However, this_was_a_time_when(这是一个……时期)one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
2．where引导的定语从句，修饰抽象地点名词stage
The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a_stage_where_we_have_almost_no_rights_at_all(几乎什么权利都没有的阶段)．
3．which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way并在从句中作主语
We first broke the law in_a_way_which_was_peaceful(用和平的方式); when this was not allowed...
4．only＋状语置于句首要部分倒装
Only_then_did_we_decide_to(只有这个时候我们才决定) answer violence with violence.
5．It's no pleasure doing sth.做某事没有乐趣
It's_no_pleasure_looking_through_these_any_longer(观看这些已经不再是乐趣) because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
“n.＋-ful→adj.”荟萃
①peace→peaceful　　　和平的
②pain→painful 痛苦的
③harm→harmful 有害的
④power→powerful 强大的
⑤meaning→meaningful 有意义的
⑥cheer→cheerful 欢乐的
后缀-ance高频名词全接触
①guidance 指导；领导
②importance 重要；重要性
③ignorance 无知； 愚昧
④significance 意义；重要性
⑤appearance 出现
⑥tolerance 宽容；容忍
self反身代词
①myself 我自己
②yourself 你自己
③himself 他自己
④herself 她自己
⑤itself 它自己
⑥ourselves 我们自己
⑦yourselves 你们自己
⑧themselves 他们自己
“out of＋n.”短语集锦
①out of work　失业
②out of control 失控
③out of mind 心不在焉
④out of order 有毛病；出故障
⑤out of sight 看不见
“in＋n.”短语面面观
①in trouble 在困境中
②in danger 处于危险中
③in return 作为回报
④in vain 徒劳地
⑤in order 井然有序
⑥in place 在适当的位置
Step One：Warming up
A famous person may not be a great person, but a great person must be a famous person.
1．Who do you think are great persons in the following pictures?
答案：A，B and E
2．What do you know about Nelson Mandela?
He_devotes_his_life_to_helping_his_people_get_the_same_rights_as_white_people_in_his_country./He_is_a_national_leader_who_has_been_fighting_for_making_black_and_white_people_equal./Nelson_Mandela_is_regarded_as_one_of_the_greatest_spiritual_and_political_leaders_of_our_time.
Step Two：Fast reading
Skim the text and choose the best answers.
1．What's the main idea of the text?
A．The life of black workers.
B．The fight between Mandela and the white people.
C．The stories between Mandela and Elias.
D．The education of Elias.
答案：C
2．Match the main idea of each part.
Paras.1～2(B)　　A．The change of Elias' life after he met Nelson Mandela and what Mandela did
Paras.3～7(A)　　B．The life of Elias before he met Nelson Mandela
Step Three：Careful reading
Read the reading passage carefully and choose the best answers according to the text.
1．Why did Elias have to leave school?
A．He didn't have a passbook.
B．His home was far from the school.
C．His family couldn't afford the school fees.
D．He couldn't read or write.
答案：C
2．Nelson Mandela opened a black law firm in order to ________.
A．make money
B．help the poor black people with their problems
C．make himself famous
D．study law
答案：B
3．How did Nelson Mandela help Elias keep his job?
A．He talked with Elias' boss.
B．He helped him get the correct papers.
C．He lent him some money.
D．He asked him to go to court.
答案：B
4．What dream did Nelson Mandela have?
A．To become the president of South Africa.
B．To win the Nobel Peace Prize.
C．To make black and white people equal.
D．To blow up some government buildings.
答案：C
Step Four：Explain difficult sentences
1．The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。
2．However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]可是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡非得要有身份证不可。
3．Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]糟糕的是我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，并且我担心是否会失业。
4．... we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。
Reading
ELIAS' STORY
My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela【1】 was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer① to whom I went for advice【2】. He offered guidance② to poor black people on their legal③ problems. He was generous with④ his time, for_which_I_was_grateful【3】．
【1】when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The time。
【2】to whom在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the black lawyer。介词to与从句中的went搭配(go to sb. for advice去某人处寻求建议)。
【3】for which在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子。介词for与从句中的grateful搭配(be grateful for sth.对某事非常感激)。
I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years【4】 was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees⑤ and the bus fare⑥. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook⑦ to live in Johannesburg【5】. Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work⑧.
【4】where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The school。
【5】“this was a time when...”是常考句式，其中when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。
The day when Nelson Mandela helped me【6】 was one of my happiest. He told me how to get【7】 the correct papers⑨ so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful⑩ about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth? League?， I joined it as soon as I could. He said：
【6】when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The day。
【7】how to get为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在此处作told的直接宾语。
“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage? where we have almost no rights at all.【8】”
【8】本句中“The last thirty years”为无生命名词短语作主语；“have seen the...rights and progress”为“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中“stopping our rights and progress”为现在分词短语作宾补；“where we have almost no rights at all”为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a stage。
It was the truth. Black people could not vote? or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live【9】 were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live【10】 were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said：
【9】in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The parts of town。
【10】where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The places outside the towns。
“...we were put into a position? in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government【11】. We chose to attack? the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful【12】； when this was not allowed?...only then did we【13】 decide to answer violence? with violence.”
【11】in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a position，其中“either...or...”连接了两个不定式短语to accept...和(to) fight the government。
【12】which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a way。
【13】此处“only＋状语”位于句首，句子用了部分倒装结构；“only＋状语从句”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。
As a matter of fact?， I do not like violence...but in 1963 I helped him blow up? some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison【14】. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
【14】because在此引导原因状语从句，原因状语从句中含有if引导的条件状语从句。
伊莱亚斯的故事
我叫伊莱亚斯，是南非的一个穷苦黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁。那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的那位黑人律师。他在法律问题上给贫苦的黑人提供指导。他不吝惜时间，我对此非常感激。
我需要他的帮助，因为我只受过很少的教育。我六岁开始上学，我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我家无法继续支付学费和车费。我既读不好也写不好。几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。然而，那时必须有身份证才能住在约翰内斯堡。不幸的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的。我很担心自己会失业。
纳尔逊·曼德拉帮助我的那天是我最高兴的日子之一。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来更加充满了希望。我永远忘不了曼德拉是多么和善。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：
“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”
这是事实。黑人没有选举权，也无权选择自己的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们在城里不得不居住的地方是由白人决定的。他们被打发去城外居住的地方是南非最贫穷的地区。没有人能在那儿种庄稼。事实上，正如纳尔逊·曼德拉所说的：
“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择对抗法律。首先我们用和平的方式来打破法律，当这种方式得不到允许时……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的，因为如果被抓住了，我可能要坐牢。但我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将帮助我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想。
[词语积累]
①lawyer/'l??j?/n.律师
②guidance/'ɡaId?ns/n.指导；领导
under the guidance of sb.＝under one's guidance在某人的指导下
③legal/'li?ɡl/adj.法律的；依照法律的
illegal adj.非法的
④be generous with在……方面慷慨大方
⑤fee/fi?/n.费(会费、学费等)；酬金
⑥fare/fe?(r)/n.费(车费、船费、飞机票价等)
⑦passbook/'pɑ?s?b?k/n.南非共和国有色人种的身份证
⑧out of work失业
⑨papers/'peIp?(r)z/n.证件
⑩hopeful/'h??pfl/adj.怀有希望的；有希望的
?youth/ju?θ/n.青年；青年时期
?league/li?ɡ/n.同盟；联盟；联合会
Youth League青年团
?stage/steId?/n.舞台；阶段；时期
?vote/v??t/vt.&vi.投票；选举　n．投票；选票；表决
?position/p?'zI?n/n.状况；地位；位置；职位
position后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语则用where或in which。
?attack/?'t?k/vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
?allow/?'la?/v.允许，准许
?violence/'vaI?l?ns/n.暴力；暴行
?as a matter of fact事实上
?blow up使充气；爆炸
put sb. in prison将某人关进监狱
同义短语：send sb. to prison; throw sb. into prison
achieve/?'t?i?v/vt.达到；完成
equal/'i?kw?l/adj.相等的；平等的
[核心素养链接·文化采风]
1．曼德拉(Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela)。1918年7月18日出生于南非特兰斯凯，先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格，是南非著名的反种族隔离革命家、政治家和慈善家。1993年，曼德拉被授予诺贝尔和平奖。2004年，曼德拉被选为最伟大的南非人。2013年12月6日，曼德拉在约翰内斯堡住所去世，享年95岁。
2．约翰内斯堡(Johannesburg)，南非第一大城市及第一大港，著名的“黄金之城”，是南非共和国经济、政治、文化、旅游及航运中心，世界著名的国际大都市，拥有人口388.81万，其中半数以上是黑人。
课时作业(十七)　Unit 5　Section Ⅰ　Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Mickey Maux Muddles a Murder
Philip Emma
www.xlibris.com
Hardback|Paperback|E-book
$29.99|$19.99|$3.99
Mickey Maux is a wealthy scientist who invents things and takes on detective(侦探) cases when they're too hard for the police. He comes across a strange murder scene(凶杀案现场) and solves it like no other detective can.
One Day I was Thinking About ...
Alice Hartley
www. authorhouse. com
Paperback|E-book
$19.95|$3.99
This book shares poems whose ideas were given by events and family members who came to visit but never stayed. Short meetings have short poems. Others are about love and hate. Let them bring a smile to your face!
Stress Makes You Fat, Wrinkled and Dead
Eliezer Ben-Joseph
www.authorhouse.com
Hardback|Paperback|E-book
$24.99|$19.99|$13.99
The secrets here are simple and straightforward. They are the answers to life's age-old worries. Here is a book for anyone of any age to learn what it means to live a happy, worry-free life.
Princess Amber
Margaret Wright
www.xlibris.com.au
Paperback|E-book
$24.19|$4.99
Princess Amber was written to celebrate the short but wonderful life of a young child in the author's class. Born with a medical condition and walking only with support, she needed more than anything else to dance on the stage.
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章介绍了四本图书。
1．Which of the following books is sold at the highest price in paperback?
A．Princess Amber.
B．One Day I was Thinking About...
C．Mickey Maux Muddles a Murder.
D．Stress Makes You Fat, Wrinkled and Dead.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。对比文章所介绍的四本图书的平装本的价格可知，Princess Amber的平装本价格最高。
2．Whose book teaches readers how to avoid worries in life?
A．Philip Emma's. B．Alice Hartley's.
C．Margaret Wright's. D．Eliezer Ben-Joseph's.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由Stress Makes You Fat, Wrinkled and Dead部分中的．..answers to life's age-old worries以及learn...worry-free life可知，读者可以从该书中学习如何去除生活中的烦恼和焦虑等，而该书的作者是Eliezer Ben-Joseph。
3．What makes Princess Amber different from other books?
A．It tells a true story.
B．It was written as a gift.
C．It is suitable for readers of any age.
D．It is sold in both printed and electronic forms.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由该书内容简介部分中的Princess Amber was...a young child in the author's class可知，该书讲述的是一个真实的故事，主人公是作者的学生。
B
Wanda Butts dropped the phone and screamed when she heard the news that her son was dead.
Josh had drowned(溺亡) while sailing on a lake with friends. The 16-year-old didn't know how to swim, and he wasn't wearing a life jacket.
Josh was not alone in the black community. According to USA Swimming, 70% of African-American children cannot swim. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, African-American children between the ages of 5 and 14 are three times more likely to drown than white children in the same age range(范围)．
In 2007, Butts started the Josh Project, a non-profit(非营利组织) that provides low-cost swimming lessons for children in Toledo, Ohio. The swimming lessons take place at a local high school over four Saturdays for a total cost of $10.
To date, the Josh Project has helped more than 1,000 children learn how to swim.
“The public pools near our home were closed, and other places were not affordable，” said Lisa Haynes, whose 14-year-old son, Joshua, is one of 60-plus students in the Josh Project this summer.
“I am less worried if Joshua is near water because he has the basics of how to swim，” Haynes said. “And we're thankful for that.”
Butts is doing much more, however, than just providing swimming lessons.
“She ups the awareness(意识)，” said Shaun Anderson, a swimming coach who was so inspired by her story that he created a Josh Project swimming program at Norfolk State University. “Once these commnunities learn how to swim, they will pass it down, which results in future generations(代) that know how to swim.”
Butts said she has two wishes for the future: One is to change the drowning numbers of African-American children, and the other is to have a swimming center where the children can swim daily instead of just once a week.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。因为一次溺水事件失去儿子的Wanda Butts创建了一个教非裔美国儿童学习游泳的非营利组织。
4．What led to Josh's drowning?
A．He was poor in boating skills.
B．He gave his life jacket to a friend.
C．He was never taught swimming skills.
D．He was careless when swimming in the lake.
答案与解析：C'细节理解题。由第二段可知，因为不会游泳且未穿救生衣，Josh在湖中与朋友们乘船航行时溺亡。
5．Why did the author list the numbers in Paragraph 3?
A．To show children under 14 are more likely to drown.
B．To argue children should learn swimming at a very young age.
C．To show many African－American children lack swimming skills.
D．To introduce the difference between African-American and white children.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。第三段主旨句为第一句，即Josh的情况在美国非裔群体中并不罕见。接下来作者引用两个组织提供的数据来支持这个说法，70%的非裔美国儿童不会游泳，且在5到14岁年龄段的儿童之中，非裔美国儿童溺亡的人数要比白人儿童高出几倍。因此，这些数据是为了说明非裔美国儿童当中有许多人都不会游泳。
6．What can we learn about the Josh Project?
A．It has its own swimming pools.
B．It provides lessons only in summer.
C．It serves children aged from 5 to 14.
D．Its swimming lessons take place once a week.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由第四段中的The swimming lessons...four Saturdays以及最后一段中的where the children...just once a week可知，该组织每周六开设游泳课程，一周一次。
7．What did Lisa Haynes think of the swimming lessons the Josh Project provides?
A．Expensive. B．Helpful.
C．Interesting. D．Difficult.
答案与解析：B'推理判断题。由倒数第四段中Haynes所说的话可知，她的儿子通过游泳课程学会了基本的游泳技能，她对此很感激。因此可推断，Haynes认为该公益组织开设的游泳课程很有用。
Ⅱ.阅读填句
Go fly a kite
Learning how to fly a kite is simple, and flying kites can be a fun form of exercise.
Of course, the first thing you need is a kite and a ball of string(线). __1__ Then wait for a windy day.
When the perfect day arrives, find an open space, such as a field. __2__
Before flying your kite, find out which way the wind is blowing. __3__ To begin flying your kite, stand with your back to the wind and hold the kite up so the wind can catch it. If the day is not very windy, you may need to get your kite started by running.
__4__ At the same time, walk backwards a few steps to keep the string tight(拉紧的). Now that your kite is up in the air, you can decide how long to fly it and how high you want it to go.
__5__ Slowly wind up(卷起) the string. Try not to pull your kite in too fast or it may crash(坠落)．
Flying a kite is a great way to spend a windy afternoon. If you follow these steps carefully, you will have something more fun to do than sitting inside and watching TV. So on the next windy day, get up off the sofa. Go fly a kite!
A．You can do this by throwing grass into the air.
B．Finally, you will need to bring your kite down.
C．You can buy your kite and string at a toy shop.
D．Follow the instructions to put your kite together.
E．Nothing beats seeing a kite sail high into the clouds.
F．Don't fly your kite near trees because it can get caught.
G．Once the wind catches your kite, let out more string so it can climb higher.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章简单介绍了放风筝的几个步骤。
1．C'本空承接上句the first thing you need is a kite and a ball of string，说明了获得风筝和线的一种途径。
2．F'F项说明选择放风筝场所时的注意事项，与本空前一句内容相关。
3．A'A项中的do this指本空前一句中的find out which way the wind is blowing，涉及判断风向的一种方法。
4．G'G项承上启下，其中前半句承接上段使风筝起飞的内容，后半句引起下文，即如何使风筝飞得更高。
5．B'B项中的bring your kite down与下文wind up the string以及pull your kite in在意义上一致。
课件46张PPT。Section Ⅱ　Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
?第一板块|重点单词
1．(教材P33)And what qualities does a great person have?
而且一个伟人具有什么样的品质？
quality n. 质量；品质；性质
of good/high/poor quality　　　　　　　质量好的/高的/差的
in quality 在质量方面
①The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
正像报告显示的那样，城市的空气质量在过去的两个月有所改善。
②He has many good qualities, but his best quality is his kindness.
他有许多良好的品质，而最好的品质是为人善良。
Point ?
1.判断下列句子中quality的含义
①People with disabilities are now doing many things to improve the quality of their lives.质量
②An important quality in a neighbor is consideration(体谅) for others.品质
③One quality of wood is that it can burn.性质
2．完形填空
In order to compete with others, the restaurant should improve the ________ of its service.
A．quantity B．quality
C．value D．reward
答案：B
2．(教材P33)mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 vt. 意指；意味着
(1)be mean with sth.　　　　　　　　　对某物吝啬
be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄
(2)mean vt. 意指，意味着，意思是
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
①Don't be too mean to others, or you'll never make any friends.
不要对别人太刻薄，否则你交不到朋友。
②The rich boss who is usually mean to his workers is very mean with money.
那位富有的老板通常对他的工人很刻薄，他对钱非常吝啬。,
Point ?
单句语法填空
①Sometimes people are mean to others who are smarter or different from them.
②—I didn't mean to_hurt my mother.
—But talking to her in that way means hurting her.(hurt)

3.(教材P33)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
一位伟人是能够将自己的生命奉献于帮助他人的人。
　?devote vt. 献身；专心于(常与介词to连用)
(1)devote... to... 把……奉献给；把……专注于
devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
(2)devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的
be devoted to 专心于；致力于
(3)devotion n. 关爱；奉献
①He devoted all his spare time to helping his students with their English.
他把所有的业余时间都用来帮助他的学生学习英语。
②Before the exam, I devoted myself to preparing for it.
考试之前，我努力做好准备。
③Generally speaking, parents are devoted to their children.
一般来说，父母深爱着自己的孩子。
Point ?
单句语法填空/单句改错
①He is so devoted to his English teaching that I admire him for his devotion.(devote)
②Although our English teacher is sick now, she still devotes herself to her students.
③Nelson Mandela devoted his life to fight for a free society in which all people live together in harmony.fight→fighting
4．(教材P33)He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years' fighting.
经过多年的斗争之后，他在1911年建立了中国第一个共和国。
　?found vt. 建立；建设
found
founded
founded　建立
find
found
found　发现，找到
①Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
建立于1911年的清华大学是成就大量杰出人物的摇篮。
②As is reported, it is more than 100 years since QingHua University was founded.
据报道，清华大学建立100多年了。
Point ?
完成句子
①Harvard University, founded(创办于1636年), is the oldest university in the United States.
②A good relationship should be_founded_on(建立在……基础上) trust.
Besides, money shouldn't be the_foundation_of_friendship(友谊的基础)．
5．(教材P34)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.
当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。
　?vote vt. & vi. 投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决
vote for/against 投票支持/反对
vote on 投票表决
vote to do sth. 表决做某事
①Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn't seem to matter very much.
你是赞成还是反对这项计划看上去似乎不重要。
②As we can't agree on this matter, let's have a vote on it.
对于这个问题我们无法达成一致意见，投票表决吧。
③Our family vote to turn to the lawyer for help.
我们家人表决同意向律师求助。
Point ?
1.单句语法填空
①Why do you think we should take a vote on that? That's silly.
②They finally agreed to vote to_decide(decide) whether to accept the proposal or not.
2．完成句子
①Please vote_for(投票支持) Tom, who is a good citizen.
②The citizens voted_against(投票反对) their president in the last election.
6．(教材P34)We chose to attack the laws.
我们选择向法律进攻。
　?attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击 n. 攻击；进攻；病情发作
(1)under attack 遭到攻击
make an attack 攻击
a heart attack 心脏病突发
(2)attack sb. 攻击/抨击某人
be attacked with 患……
①The old man suffered a heart attack yesterday.
这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。
②This is the third time in one month that the town has been under attack.
这已经是该镇一个月内遭到的第三次袭击了。
Point ?
单句语法填空
①It was said that they made an attack on the village last night.
②The city had been under attack for many years, but the citizens never gave in to the invaders.
③Hearing her mother was_attacked(attack) with cancer, the girl burst out crying.
7.(教材P34)As a matter of fact, I do not like violence... but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。
as a matter of fact 事实上；实际上
①As a matter of fact, it was useless for him to explain in that situation.
事实上，他在那种情况下解释是无用的。
②I thought the work would be difficult. As a matter of fact, it's very easy.
我原以为这项工作会很难，事实上却很容易。
[名师点津]　“事实上；实际上”的多种表达法：in fact, actually, in reality。
blow up 使充气；爆炸
①A chemical factory blew up in the North of England.
英国北部的一座化工厂爆炸了。
②He was sentenced to 45 years for trying to blow up a plane.
他因为企图炸毁一架飞机而被判入狱45年。
Point ?
1.单句语法填空/单句改错
①That guy appears to be an expert in this field. As a matter of fact, he knows nothing about it.
②There's no reason to be disappointed. As matter of fact, this could be rather amusing.As后加a
2．单句语法填空
①Their boat blew up when they were sleeping.
②The tyres on my bike need blowing (blow)
up.
8．(教材P34)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这会帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。
equal adj. 相等的；平等的；胜任的 vt. 比得上；敌得过 n. 平等的人
(1)be equal to 等于
be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任做某事
(2)A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上B
(3)without equal 无人可比；无敌
(4)equally adv. 同样地；平等地
①As far as I know, he is quite equal to the job.
据我所知，他完全有能力胜任这项工作。
②Beethoven was a world-famous musician, who had no equal in music.
贝多芬是世界著名的音乐家，在音乐方面无人能比。
③Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment.
在教育和就业方面男女应该得到平等的对待。
Point ?
1.单句语法填空
①He is not equal to the position and we'd better get someone else to do it.
②The two players are well-matched(势均力敌的), almost equal in ability.
③I don't think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work, so I can't hire him.
2．完形填空
We should place ______ emphasis on development and security(安全), and develop nuclear energy on the base of security.
A．equal　　 B．central
C．important D．maximum
答案与解析：A　句意：我们应该安全与发展并重，以确保安全为前提发展核能。
9．(教材P35)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.
伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊·曼德拉。
in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自寻烦恼
get into trouble 陷入困境
have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事
①Although Mike was in trouble, he didn't lose heart.
迈克虽然遇到了麻烦，但他并没有灰心。
②Do you have any trouble finishing the work on time?
你按时完成这项工作有困难吗？
③The worker has taken great trouble to help me with the work.
那位工人费心地帮我做那项工作。,
Point ?
单句语法填空/单句改错
①He changed his mind at last because he would not like to get into trouble.
②It's worthwhile taking the trouble to_explain(explain) a job in detail to new employees.
③Children often have trouble study because they haven't developed good study habits.study→studying
10.(教材P35)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?
为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉会使用暴力来使黑人和白人平等？
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事于
turn down 关小；拒绝
turn in 上交
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn out 结果是，证明是；生产出
turn up 开大；出现
The meeting has already begun, but the chairman hasn't turned up yet.
会议已开始，但是主席还没出现。
Point
1.判断下列句子中turn to的含义
①She is depressed, because she has nobody she can turn to.求助
②He soon turned his attention to the difficult problem.转向
③Turn to page 236 for more information on this subject.翻到
2．用turn的相关短语完成句子
①—Everything begins hard. Don't hesitate to turn_to me if you are in difficulty.
—Thank you. I will.
②[天津高考改编]Tom had to turn_down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
③If we wait till everything turn_out the way we want in our life, we're never going to experience joy.
?第二板块|重点句型解构
1．(教材P34)However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
(1)This is/was a time when... 这是一个……的时期
(2)There was a time when... 曾有一段时间……
①This was a time when the two countries were at war.
那个时候这两个国家正在进行一场战争。
②There was once a time when women were not allowed to go to school.
曾经有一段时间，妇女不被允许去上学。
Sentence ?
单句写作
这是一个我们中国人既有许多挑战又有机遇的时期。
This_is_a_time_when we Chinese have both a great many challenges and opportunities.
2．(教材P34)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
(1)see, find等动词可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、目睹了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。
(2)当先行词是stage, situation, case, point, position等词时，定语从句常用where或in which来引导。
①The last ten years have seen the great changes in our city.
我们的城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。
②The matter has reached a stage where both their parents are to be called in.
事情已经发展到双方家长必须被叫来的程度。
③You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
你可能遇到一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。
Sentence ?
单句写作
①这棵古树见证了过去三十年中人们生活水平的提高。
The_old_tree_has_seen_the_improvement of people's living standard in the past thirty years.
②你能想出一种这个词可能被初学者误用的情况吗？
Can you think of a case/situation where_the_word may be misused by new learners.
3．(教材P34)．.. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
在英语句子中，为了表示强调，把“only＋状语?副词/介词短语/从句?”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，即把主句中的助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。
①Only then did he know how much damage had been caused.
只有在那里他才知道造成了多少损失。
②Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法，你才可能解决这个问题。
③Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
只有当我离开父母去意大利时我才意识到我多么爱他们！
[名师点津]　若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不倒装。
④Only she can finish the work in an hour.
只有她能在一小时内完成这个工作。
Sentence ?
1.单句改错
[天津高考改编]Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home.she前加did
2．把下列句子变成以only开头的倒装句
①We realized that we were wrong then.
Only_then_did_we_realize_that_we_were_wrong.
②You can do the work better in this way.
Only_in_this_way_can_you_do_the_work_better.
③We found out the truth when he returned.
Only_when_he_returned_did_we_find_out_the_truth.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Your teacher can give you guidance (指导) on choosing a career and writing a job application.
2．His sister ran away from home and went abroad because of family violence (暴力)．
3．This kind of washing powder is of good quality (质量), and doesn't harm our hands.
4．The boss was attacked (抨击) by the newspapers for not caring for the workers.
5．The People's Republic of China was founded (成立) on October 1, 1949.
6．Yesterday we voted (选举) Mr. Li the best teacher in our school.
7．It is important that we should take active (积极的) part in protecting the environment.
8．Mr Li is such a generous (大方的) young man that he gets on well with others in his office.
9．The teacher devotes (献身于) most of her free time to helping the students with their study.
10．I won't say any bad words of others behind them－it's against my principle (原则)．
11．The baby is at the stage (阶段) where he can say a few words but not full sentences.
12．We all have equal (平等的) chances of working and living in this country.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Madame Curie, devoting to science, was a great woman.
devoting→devoted
2．We first broke the law in a way in which was peaceful.
去掉第二个in
3．The school that I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.that→where
4．The old man was kind to me, to which I was grateful.
第二个to→for
5．Only in this way we can finish the work ahead of schedule.
we_can→can_we
6．You should do as you are told or you will in trouble.
will后加be
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子。
She devoted_her_whole_life_to_helping homeless children.
2．仅仅在玛丽第二次阅读她的作文后，她才注意到这处拼写错误。
Only after Mary read her composition the second time did_she_notice the spelling mistake.
3．这是一个人人都不得不学习更多现代知识的时代。
This_is_a_time_when one has to learn more about modern knowledge.
4．她很伤心，因为她的母亲得了癌症。
She was very sad because her mother was_attacked_with_cancer.
5．那时他们过着艰难的生活，因为他们的父亲已失业一整年了。
They led a hard life then, for their father had_been_out_of_work for a whole year.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Elias, a poor black worker in South Africa, said that the time 1.________ he first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of his life. Nelson Mandela helped him a lot, for 2.________ Elias was very grateful.
Elias had little education, 3.________ his family couldn't afford the school fees and the bus fare. After 4.________ (try) many times, he succeeded in getting a job. Not 5.________ (have) a passbook, he wasn't allowed 6.________ (live) in Johannesburg, and he worried about whether he 7.________ (become) out of work.
Later he joined the ANC Youth League 8.________ (organize) by Mandela. At that time the blacks 9.________ (treat) badly until they came to a stage 10.________ they had no rights at all.
Elias was sure that only by answering violence with violence could they achieve their dreams.
答案：1.when　2.which　3.because　4.trying/having tried　5.having　6.to live　7.would become　8.organized　9.were treated　10.where
课时作业(十八)　Unit 5　Section Ⅱ　Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He studied hard at law and became a good lawyer (law) after graduation.
2．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to playing (play) computer games.
3．Our hometown has_seen (see) a lot of changes in recent years.
4．We're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
5．It is unfair (fair) to the others if some athletes use drugs.
6．I'm only too willing (will) to help you with your experiment this afternoon.
7．We shouldn't use violence (violent) to deal with someone even if we are very angry.
8．With the teacher's good guidance (guide), our work goes on rather smoothly.
9．Though he has run deep into trouble, he remains quite peaceful (peace) in his heart.
10．We all like her very much because she is very wise, kind-hearted and selfless (self)．
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The other day I found my old certificates(证书). We had exams called O levels when we were sixteen. (They are called something different now.) It's so long ago that I'd forgotten what we'd studied. I had nine O levels when I left school and one was in cookery. I was surprised because I'm a terrible cook!
—Celia
My main memory is what we had to wear! I had a purple skirt with yellow lines on it, and then we had those silly hats with a purple line round them. Girls would do anything to lose their hats. Then when I was about twelve, my parents moved to the United States and I went to my new school in my favourite clothes. It was great!
—Alice
I had a normal(正常的) day at school, but I also had music lessons because my parents wanted me to learn the violin. So I had special classes at school before everyone else arrived. So most pupils started at eight thirty, but I had to go to school at seven o'clock for my music lessons. Then at the end of the day, I'd do sport, so often I didn't finish until five in the afternoon. That was a long day for a ten-year-old.
—Dean
I travel a lot nowadays, and I suppose my interest in other countries began with geography and a teacher I liked called Mr. Byford. We'd learn about faraway places and strange areas. I think it made me want to visit them later in life.
—Susan
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。四个人分享了各自对学生时代的回忆。
1．How was Dean's life when he was ten?
A．Busy. B．Happy.
C．Lonely. D．Peaceful.
答案与解析：A'推理判断题。由第三段中的most pupils started at eight thirty...a long day for a ten-year-old可知，Dean十岁时除了正常的学校课程之外，还要在早上提前一个半小时到学校学习音乐，下午放学之后进行体育运动；因此Dean十岁时生活比较忙碌。
2．Why does Susan mention Mr. Byford?
A．To introduce Mr. Byford as a good teacher.
B．To discuss how geography should be taught.
C．To show that Mr. Byford has changed her life.
D．To explain how she became interested in travelling.
答案与解析：D'推理判断题。由最后一段中的I suppose my interest...called Mr. Byford可知，Susan对旅行的兴趣源自地理课和她喜爱的老师Byford；因此她提及Byford老师是为了说明自己是如何爱上旅行的。
3．What are these people mainly talking about?
A．Personal interests. B．School memories.
C．Childhood habits. D．Favourite teachers.
答案与解析：B'推理判断题。文中四个人各自分享了学生时代的回忆：上学时参加考试获得的证书、难看的校服、忙碌的学生生活、激发自己旅行兴趣的地理课和老师。且第一段中的left school，第二段中的my new school，第三段中的go to school以及最后一段中的geography and a teacher都可以作为推断线索。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Douglas and I were waiting to board our plane. I noticed a young man walking around trying to __1__ people. It appeared that he had a mental disability(智力缺陷) that influenced the nature of the communication. Most people __2__ politely; a few ignored him.
After boarding the plane, I __3__ he was sitting across the passage from Douglas and me. As the plane took off, I began writing a __4__. For years, I've been __5__ of flying. For a while, I stopped flying but finally, I __6__ flying again. To help ease(减轻) the __7__， I usually wrote letters.
Then I heard the young man. “Are you __8__？”He asked.
“Yes，” Douglas said, smiling.
The young man looked at Douglas's __9__. “What are you reading？” He touched the pages and said, “A lot of words. No pictures.”
“That is your wife？” He __10__ me.
“Yes，” Douglas answered.
“She's pretty，” the man said.
The man's __11__ encouraged me to enter the conversation. And I __12__ that his name was Peter. He was on the way to Kentucky with his mom to celebrate Thanksgiving with his family. We soon discovered Peter loved __13__ and wanted to talk about Thanksgiving by __14__ everything on the holiday menu. “Will you eat turkey(火鸡)? White meat? Apple pie? Chocolate cream pie？”
I was feeling more __15__. Before I could write more, we had __16__. As we got off the plane, Peter's mom pulled out something from her bag. “It's a pumpkin(南瓜) cake，” she explained. “Peter likes to __17__ them to his friends, and he wanted you to have one.” Before leaving the airport, we __18__ Peter. I told him how he'd eased my fear of flying and how __19__ his pumpkin cake looked.
That week, when people visited, we shared more than just a pumpkin cake; we also shared the __20__ of Peter.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者害怕坐飞机。有一次坐飞机时，认识了一名有智力缺陷的年轻男子。他很率真、直爽，喜欢主动与人聊天。与他的交谈让作者不再感到焦虑不安。
1．A.listen to B．talk with
C．look for D．laugh at
答案与解析：B　由下文中的the communication以及Most people...a few ignored him可知，“我”注意到一名年轻的男子四处转悠试图和人们聊天，故填talk with。
2．A.nodded B．accepted
C．answered D．disagreed
答案与解析：C　由上文中的It appeared that he had a mental disability that influenced the nature of the communication以及下文中的a few ignored him可知，大多数人很礼貌地作出“回应(answered)”。
3.A.noticed B．decided
C．understood D．proved
答案与解析：A　由下文中的I heard the young man以及The young man looked at Douglas's...可知，“我”“注意到(noticed)”那名男子坐在我们旁边，我们之间是个过道。
4.A.diary B．report
C．joke D．letter
答案与解析：D　由下文中的To help...I usually wrote letters和Before I could write more可知，飞机起飞后，“我”便开始写“信(letter)”。
5.A.afraid B．sure
C．proud D．shy
答案与解析：A　由下文中的For a while, I stopped flying以及I told him how he'd eased my fear of flying可知，多年来，“我”一直“害怕(afraid)”坐飞机。
6.A.enjoyed B．started
C．stopped D．avoided
答案与解析：B　由上文中的Douglas and I were waiting to board our plane以及After boarding the plane可知，最终，“我”又“开始(started)”坐飞机。
7.A.risk B．difficulty
C．cost D．worry
答案与解析：D　由下文中的I told him how he'd eased my fear of flying可知，为了减轻自己的“焦虑(worry)”，“我”通常在飞机上写信。
8.A.reading B．writing
C．singing D．waiting
答案与解析：A　由下文中的What are you reading可知，那名男子问“我”丈夫是在“看书(reading)”吗。
9.A.bag B．menu
C．book D．picture
答案与解析：C　由下文中的“What are you reading？”和He touched the pages and said, “A lot of words. No pictures.”可知，此处表示“书籍(book)”。
10.A.asked B．pointed at
C．told D．cared about
答案与解析：B　由“That is your wife？”以及“Yes，”Douglas answered可知，此处表示他“指着(pointed at)”“我”。
11.A.seriousness B．happiness
C．loneliness D．directness
答案与解析：D　由上文的描述可知，“我”候机时，看到一名男子主动与人们聊天。在飞机上，他又主动和“我”丈夫聊天，结合他与作者丈夫的聊天内容，可以看出那名男子很“直爽(directness)”。
12.A.explained B．felt
C．learned D．imagined
答案与解析：C　由The man's...encouraged me to enter the conversation可知，“我”“了解到(learned)”他叫Peter。
13.A.food B．flying
C．traveling D．history
答案：A
14.A.checking B．buying
C．making D．listing
答案与解析：D　由下文中的“Will you eat turkey? White meat? Apple pie? Chocolate cream pie？”可知，我们很快发现Peter喜欢“美食(food)”，并且想聊聊感恩节。他“列出了(listing)”人们通常在感恩节吃的食物。
15．A.relaxed B．tired
C．bored D．surprised
答案与解析：A　由上文可知，作者害怕坐飞机。结合下文中的I told him how he'd eased my fear of flying可知，与Peter聊着聊着，作者就越来越“放松(relaxed)”。
16．A.appeared B．landed
C．passed D．changed
答案与解析：B　由下文中的As we got off the plane可知，此处表示我们已经“着陆(landed)”了。
17．A.sell B．return
C．leave D．give
答案与解析：D　由本句中的he wanted you to have one可知，Peter喜欢“送(give)”朋友南瓜饼。
18．A.thanked B．invited
C．helped D．comforted
答案：A
19．A.strange B．terrible
C．wonderful D．funny
答案与解析：C　由I told him how he'd eased my fear of flying以及上文中的“It's a pumpkin cake，...and he wanted you to have one.”可知，离开机场前，我们向Peter表示了“感谢(thanked)”。“我”告诉Peter他的南瓜饼看起来很“美味(wonderful)”。
20．A.problem B．story
C．trip D．hobby
答案与解析：B　由上文可知，Peter很率真、直爽，喜欢主动与人聊天。与他的交谈让害怕坐飞机的作者不再感到焦虑不安。故此处表示“我”不仅与访客分享Peter送的南瓜饼，还有他的“故事(story)”。
课件47张PPT。Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.escape vi.&vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开
2．relative n. 亲戚；亲属
3．reward n. 报酬；奖金
vt. 酬劳；奖赏
4．sentence vt. 判决；宣判
5．president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长
6．opinion n. 看见；看法；主张
拓展词汇
1.educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→educator n．教师；教育学家→education n．教育；教育学；训练
2．terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrorism n．恐怖主义；恐怖统治→terrorist n．恐怖分子
3．cruelty n．残忍；残酷→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的
4．beg vi.请求；乞丐→beggar n．乞求者
阅读词汇
1.quote n. 引用语；语录
2．release vt. 释放；发行
3．blanket n. 毛毯；毯子
4．sentence vt. 判决；宣判；联合会
重点短语
1．lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心
2．be_in_prison 蹲监狱
3．come_to_power 当权；上台
4．set_up 设立；建立
5．be_sentenced_to 被判处……(徒刑)
6．in_one's_opinion 依……之见
7．stop...from_doing 阻止……做……
8．the_first_time 第一次
重点句型
1.should have done sth.本应该做某事
He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when_we_should_have_been_asleep(我们本应该睡觉的时间)．
2．did加强语气
They were not cleverer than me, but they_did_pass_their_exams(他们确实通过了考试)．
3．the first time“第一次”，引导时间状语从句
I felt bad the_first_time(第一次) I talked to a group.
　
ty的名词荟萃
①difficulty　　　　困难
②honesty 诚实
③beauty 美，美丽
④activity 活动
⑤certainty 确实
⑥cruelty 残忍
heart词语小结
①heart and soul全心全意地
②lose one's heart to sb.爱上……
③lose heart失去勇气或信心
④win sb's heart获得某人欢心
⑤put one's heart into一心投入
“阻止某人做……”
①stop...(from) doing
②prevent...(from) doing
③keep...from doing,

Step One：Careful reading
Read the passage and then choose the best answer.
1．Elias' story tells us that ________.
A．Mr Mandela was a great leader and was ready to help others
B．black people in South Africa lived a hard life before
C．Elias was a brave, clever black man and he suffered a lot in the prison
D．all the above
答案：D
2．Why did Mr Mandela allow the prison guards to study too?
A．Because he needed the guards' help.
B．Because he thought the guards had their rights to study.
C．Because the guards were black people too.
D．Because the guards could pass their exams.
答案：B
3．Why did Elias study on Robben Island?
A．To kill time.
B．To help Mandela.
C．To fight against the government.
D．To get a degree.
答案：D
4．How does Elias feel now when he works on Robben Island?
A．Frightened.　　　　　B．Proud.
C．Excited. D．Upset.
答案：B
Step Two：Explain difficult sentences
1．You can't imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。
2．So now I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]所以我现在很骄傲地给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况，因为我曾为争取黑人在自己的土地上的自由而出过力。
?第一板块|重点单词
1．(教材P37)The scientist from whom we heard the good news never lost heart when he was in trouble.
我们从其口中获得好消息的科学家遇到困难时从不灰心。
lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
lose one's heart to　　　　　　　　　　　爱上……
put one's heart into 专心于
heart and soul 全心全意；完全地
①Faced with difficulty, he never loses heart and always tries his best to overcome it.
面对困难，他从不灰心丧气，总是尽力克服困难。
②Put your heart into your work and you will succeed in time.
专心于工作，总有一天你会成功的。
Point ?
单句写作
①请不要灰心，你还有机会。
Please_don't_lose_heart;_you still have chances.
②他决心全心全意为人民服务。
He is determined to serve_the_people_heart_and_soul.
2．(教材P38)It was a prison from which no one escaped.
那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。
　?escape vi. & vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开
(1)escape＋n./doing　　　　　　　　　　避免；逃脱……
escape from＋n. 从……中逃脱
(2)have a narrow escape 死里逃生
①Luckily, he was able to escape from the burning building.
幸运的是，他从失火的建筑物中逃出来了。
②No one can escape punishment/being punished if he breaks law.
任何违法的人都逃脱不了惩罚。
③Believe it or not, I had a narrow escape.
信不信由你，我死里逃生。
Point ?
单句语法填空
①Last year I had a narrow escape from a car crash, and I don't want to risk my life a second time.
②In order to escape being_caught(catch), the thief attempted to hide himself among the trees but failed.
漫画助记
The prisoners attempted to escape but failed.
囚犯们企图逃跑，但是失败了。
3.(教材P38)I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.
在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有再工作。
　?come to power 当权；上台；执政
(1)be in power　　　　　　　　　　　　当权；执政
come into power 上台；执政；当权
(2)within one's power 某人力所能及的
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
①The government came to power in 2004, that is, it has been in power for over 13 years.
本届政府2004年上台，也就是说，已经执政超过13年了。
②After he came to power, the man devoted most of his time to society work.
这个人当权后把他的大部分时间用于社会工作。
③It's beyond my power to finish such a difficult task.
我没有能力完成这么一项艰难的任务。
Point ?
一句多译
政府已执政两年。
①The government came_to_power two years ago.
②The government has_been_in_power for two years.
4．(教材P38)All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.
在那段时期，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。
　?beg vi. & vt. 请求；乞求(begged, begged)
(1)beg for　　　　　　　　　　　　　　乞求得到；请求得到
beg (sb.) to do sth. 乞求(某人)做某事
(2)beggar n. 乞丐
①She ran to the nearest house and begged for help.
她跑到最近的人家请求帮助。
②He will never beg for his life.
他绝不会乞求饶命的。
Point ?
单句语法填空
①The little girl begged to_be_given(give) another chance.
②He begged me to_persuade(persuade) his father to give up smoking.
③He went down on his knees and begged her for forgiveness.
5.(教材P38)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.
他们说从南非新政府得到的这份工作和报酬是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。
　?reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏
(1)give/offer a reward to sb. for (doing) sth. 　　　　为(做)某事而给某人报酬
in reward (for) 　　　　作为(对……的)报答
(2)reward sb. with... for (doing) sth. 　　　　为(做)某事而以……报答某人
①He gave the boy a reward of $100 for bringing back his lost dog.
＝He rewarded the boy with $100 for bringing back his lost dog.
因为找回了丢失的狗，他奖励这个男孩100美元。
②In reward, I lent him a hand when he was in trouble.
作为报答，当他陷入困境时，我帮了他一把。
③She got nothing in reward for her kindness.
她的好心没有得到一点回报。
Point ?
单句语法填空/单句改错
①Our patience was finally rewarded(reward)．
②He rewarded us handsomely for helping him.
③She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a baby.
④He was given $5,000 in reward of saving the drowning boy by the local government.of→for
6．(教材P39)set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg
设立律师事务所，为约翰内斯堡的贫穷黑人提供帮助
set up 建立；设立；创办
set down 　记下；写下
set aside 　把……放在一起；省出；留出
set off 　出发；动身；使爆炸
set out 　出发；动身；着手做
set about doing sth. ＝set out to do sth. 　开始做某事
①For all these years I have been working for others. I'm hoping I'll set up my own business some day.
这些年来我一直为他人工作。我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。
②The moment he arrived home, he set out to read the book.
他一回到家就开始读书。
Point ?
1.单句语法填空
①He liked the book so much that he set aside his work and translated it into English.
②At dawn, they set off for the seaside.
2．一句多译
他们一完成作业，就开始玩游戏。
①As soon as they finished their homework, they set_out_to_play_games.
②As soon as they finished their homework, they_set_about_playing_games.
7.(教材P39)sentenced to five years' hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws
由于鼓励用暴力反对反黑人的法律被判处五年劳役
sentence vt. 判决；宣判 n. 判决；句子
(1)be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
(2)sentence sb. to death 判某人死刑
sentence sb. to five years in prison 判某人五年监禁
sentence sb. to prison for life 判处某人终身监禁
①The prisoner has been sentenced to death for his bad behavior.
由于他的恶劣行为，囚犯被判处死刑。
②The prisoner was sentenced to pay a fine of $5, 000.
这名犯人被判处5,000美元的罚款。
③The judge sentenced the man to prison for life.
法官判这个人终身监禁。
Point ?
1.单句语法填空
①He was sentenced to 10 years in prison for his part in the crime.
②He has been sentenced to_pay(pay) a fine of ￡1,000.
2．完成句子
昨天，那名法官判处了那个小偷两年徒刑。
The judge sentenced_the_thief_to two years' imprisonment yesterday.
?第二板块|重点句型解构
1．He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
should have done，意为“本应该做而未做”，表示站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。其否定式为：shouldn't have done，意为“本不应该做某事而做了”。
①In my opinion, she should have come earlier.
在我看来，她应当更早一点儿来。
②He shouldn't have said that to his brother.
他不该对他弟弟说那些话。
Sentence ?
单句写作
你不该告诉她真相的，她现在如此伤心。
You shouldn't_have_told_her the truth. She is so sad now.
2．They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams.
他们并不比我更聪明，但是确实通过了考试。
句中did起强调作用，强调谓语动词pass，意为“的确；确实”。
did/do/does的强调用法常用于一般过去时或一般现在时的肯定陈述句及祈使句中。do表示强调时时态与句子的时态一致。
①He did give the boy a toy car as a reward for his help.
他确实给了那个男孩一辆玩具车作为对他提供的帮助的奖赏。
②She does go to school every day.
她确实是每天都去上学。
③I do hope you can give me some tips on how to get along with my classmates.
我的确希望你能给我一些如何与我同班同学相处的建议。
Sentence ?
单句写作
我的确希望你能节省一些宝贵时间考虑一下我的问题。
I_do_hope_you_can spare some precious time and consider my problems.
3．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
the first time连词，意为“第一次”，引导时间状语从句。类似用法还有every/each time每次……就……；每当；next time... 下次……等。
①I thought her kind and honest the first time I saw her.
我第一次见她时觉得她诚实、善良。
②Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。
③Each time John is late for school, he will make up some new excuse.
每次约翰上学迟到，他都会编个新借口。
[名师点津]　在“This/It is/was the first time＋that从句．”中，从句要用完成时(现在完成时/过去完成时)。
④It is the first time that she has played a part in a film.
这是她第一次在电影中扮演角色。
[易混辨析]　the first time, for the first time
the first time为连词，引导时间状语从句。
for the first time为副词，直接充当状语。
Sentence ?
1.单句语法填空/单句改错
①He was struck by her beauty the first time he saw her.
②It is such a lovely cup that I like it for the first time I see it.去掉for
2．选择填空：the first time/for the first time
①[全国卷Ⅰ短文改错改编]The_first_time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and other animals.
②Mary and I talked for_the_first_time at the beginning of the term. The_first_time we started talking, I knew she was a kind and honest girl.
Reading
THE REST OF ELIAS' STORY
You cannot imagine① how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was a prison from which no one escaped②. 【1】 There I spent the hardest time of my life. But when I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr. Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning【2】. He taught us during the lunch breaks③ and the evenings when we should have been④ asleep【3】. We read books under our blankets⑤ and used anything we could find【4】 to make candles to see the words. I became a good student. I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that. Later, Mr. Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us. He said they should not be stopped from⑥ studying for their degrees⑦. They were not cleverer than me, but they did⑧ pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too. That made me feel good about myself⑨【5】．
【1】from which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a prison, from与从句的谓语动词escaped搭配。escape from表示“从……逃走”。
【2】who在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词those of us。
【3】when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the lunch breaks and the evenings。
【4】we could find是省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词anything。因为此处先行词anything为不定代词，做关系词宜用that。
【5】made me feel good about myself为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
When I finished the four years in prison⑩， I went to find a job. Since I was better educated?， I got a job working in an office.【6】However, the police found out? and told my boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government buildings. So I lost my job. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr. Mandela and the ANC came to power? in 1994. 【7】All that time my wife and children had to beg? for food and help from relatives? or friends. Luckily Mr. Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Island【8】. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group【9】. All the terror? and fear? of that time came back to me. I remembered the beatings? and the cruelty? of the guards and my friends who had died. I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me. They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward? after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.【10】 So now I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.
【6】Since I was better educated为Since引导的原因状语从句，since意为“因为，既然，由于”。主句中的working in an office作job的同位语，解释说明job的内容。
【7】本句包含“not...until...”引导的时间状语从句，not...until...意为“直到……才……”。
【8】taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Island作job的同位语，解释说明job的内容。
【9】此处the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。
【10】said后为that引导的宾语从句，其中after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks为介词短语作时间状语。
伊莱亚斯的故事(续篇)
你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。在那里我度过了我一生中最艰苦的岁月。但是我到那儿时，纳尔逊·曼德拉也在那儿，他帮助了我。曼德拉先生为我们当中那些几乎没有上过学的人开办了学校。他在午休以及晚上这些我们本该睡觉的时间教我们。我们躲在毯子下面读书，用可以找到的任何东西制成蜡烛来看清书上的字。我成了一名好学生。我想为我的学位而学习，但不被允许那样做。之后，曼德拉先生让狱卒和我们一起学习。他说他们不该被阻止为学位而学习。他们并不比我聪明，但确实通过了考试。因此我知道我也能拿到学位。那让我感觉不错。
在监狱里服完四年的刑之后，我去找工作。因为我受过比较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。可是警察发现并告诉了我的老板我因炸毁政府大楼而坐过牢。于是我失业了。在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有再工作。在此期间，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友那儿讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。幸亏曼德拉先生还记得我，并给了我一份工作，让我带旅行团去参观罗本岛上(我待过的)那座旧监狱。第一次给旅行团讲解时，我感觉很糟。我想起了那时所有的恐怖和害怕。我记起了狱卒的殴打和暴行以及我那些死去的朋友。我觉得我做不了这份工作，但是我的家人鼓励我，他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。所以现在我很骄傲地给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况，因为我曾为争取黑人在自己的土地上的自由而出过力。
[词语积累]
①imagine/I'm?d?In/v.想象；设想
imagine后可跟名词、代词、v.-ing形式或从句作宾语。
②escape/I'skeIp/vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开
③break/breIk/n.间歇；休息
④should have done本应该做(实际上没做)
⑤blanket/'bl??kIt/n.毛毯；毯子
⑥stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(此处用了被动语态)
⑦degree/dI'ɡri?/n.学位；程度；度数
⑧did为助动词，表示强调，意为“确实，的确”。
⑨feel good about oneself自我感觉不错
⑩in prison表示“坐牢”，prison前不加冠词。
?educated/'ed??keItId/adj.受过教育的；有教养的
?find out查明白；弄清楚
?come to power当权；上台
?beg/beɡ/vi.请求；乞求
?relative/'rel?tIv/n.亲戚；亲属
?terror/'ter?/n.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
?fear/fI?(r)/n.恐惧
?beating/'bi?tI?/n.狠打；揍
?cruelty/'kru??ltI/n.残忍；残酷
?reward/rI'w??d/n.报酬；奖金　vt.酬劳；奖赏
be proud to do因做……而自豪
[核心素养链接·文化采风]
罗本岛(Robben Island)处于南非西开普省桌湾中，是南大西洋上的一座小岛，面积13平方公里，距南非立法首都开普敦11公里。从17世纪开始，罗本岛成为殖民者关押土著反抗运动首领的地方。罗本岛先后关押过3 000多名黑人运动领袖和积极分子。1964年6月，曼德拉被当时南非白人政府判处终身监禁，开始在罗本岛服刑，直至1982年才被转移到波尔斯摩尔监狱。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She begged (乞求) them not to punish her son severely.
2．His terror (恐惧) is so great that he can do nothing.
3．He awarded (奖励) us a lot of money for helping him.
4．Since she is far away from his families and relatives (亲戚), she feels rather lonely sometimes.
5．In my opinion (见解), watching TV is a waste of time.
6．A large number of blankets (毛毯) and clothes have been collected for the victims of the earthquake.
7．The beatings and the cruelty (残忍) of the guards had a deep effect on Elias.
8．Charlie is very polite to everybody, so he must be an educated (受过教育的) person.
9．His brother was sentenced to five years in prison for attacking others.
10．When the earthquake happened, the teacher chose to protect her students instead of escaping first.
Ⅱ.选词填空
lose heart　turn to　come to power　as a matter of fact　set up　in trouble　out of work　blow up
1．His father has been out_of_work for half a year and they are living a poor life now.
2．Even if you have failed many times, you shouldn't lose_heart in your study.
3．I will reach out my helping hand to anyone as long as they are in_trouble.
4．A tyre of his bike blew_up because of the hot weather on his way home.
5．Another new school will be set_up here so as to meet the need of the citizens.
6．When you have any trouble in your work, you can always turn_to me for help.
7．The new government officials of this country will come_to_power at the beginning of the next month.
8．The man pretended to be a doctor，but as_a_matter_of_fact,_he knows nothing about medicine at all.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．他每天都是第一个到办公室的人。
He is the first person to_arrive_at the office every day.
2．只有到了那时我才知道如何学好物理。
Only then did_I_know how to learn physics well.
3．曾经有一段时间，在中国女性不能上大学。
There_was_a_time_when women couldn't go to university in China.
4．他把本来应该用在学习上的时间花在了玩电脑游戏上，所以他没通过考试。
He spent the time he should_have_spent_in_studying in playing computer games, so he didn't pass the exam.
5．在我看来，你应该立刻改变主意。毕竟，他的建议听起来合情合理。
In_my_opinion,_you_should_change_your_mind right away. After all, his advice sounds reasonable.
6．每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报。
Every/Each_time_I_see_the_old_man in the park, he is buried in reading newspapers.
课时作业(十九)　Unit 5　Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The driver narrowly escaped being_killed (kill) in the traffic accident.
2．Though he has met with many difficulties over the past two years, he is still hopeful (hope)．
3．The first time I visited (visit) that land, I decided to settle there.
4．It is the fifth time that the students in Trinity College have_visited (visit) our school.
5．Now their peace talks have reached a key stage where one side must give in to the other.
6．A large number of blankets (blanket) and clothes have been collected for the victims of the earthquake.
7．That man is rather cruel and he is well known for his cruelty (cruel) in this village.
8．As an educated (educate) man, Mr Wang acts properly in almost everywhere.
9．When a person is in trouble, talking with others often helps him feel better.
10．The boss decided to give a reward to him for his positive attitude towards work.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
How Grandpa Tata Caught a Ginormous Fish without a Hook
By Dhan Reddy
Rating(等级)：4.6 out of 5 stars
Many children are lucky enough to go fishing. The luckiest ones get to go fishing with their grandpas! In this story, Dinesh and his grandpa go in search of a really big fish and catch the world's biggest fish with nothing but a piglet(小猪)! This book is a funny story of going out and getting what you want—if you're willing to go beyond what others do.
Merely
By Cate Davis
Rating：4.5 out of 5 stars
Born in the Kalahari Desert in Africa, Merely the Meerkat is the only child of her mother, Mernie, who teaches her to keep an open heart, to be kind, and to look for the best in others. But Merely is unluckily taken from her home and family, along with many other animals, and transported across the ocean to an American zoo where her young life changes forever.
The Way Things Never Were
By Norman H. Finkelstein
Rating：4.6 out of 5 stars
It seems like kids are always hearing stories about America in the “good old days.” But, in fact, the 1950s and 1960s were not as carefree(无忧无虑的) as they sometimes seem. Through interesting stories, advertisements, facts and photographs, Norman H. Finkelstein invites people of all ages to decide for themselves.
Silent Days, Silent Dreams
By Allen Say
Rating: 4.8 out of 5 stars
This picture book tells the story of James Castle, an artist who grew up unloved by his family and community because of his deafness. This book is a story as much about acceptance and understanding as it is about perseverance(坚持)．
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章介绍了四本书的作者、评分等级以及内容。
1．Which word can best describe the story told in the first book?
A．Boring. B．Touching.
C．Worrying. D．Interesting.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由How Grandpa Tata Caught a Ginormous Fish without a Hook部分的catch the world's beggest fish with nothing but a piglet和This book is a funny story可知，这本讲述爸爸用小猪做诱饵钓到世界上最大的鱼的故事书应该非常有趣。
2．Who would be most interested in Merely?
A．Those who care about animals.
B．Those who love making friends.
C．Those who want to know about desert.
D．Those who were born in an unlucky family.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由Merely部分的along with many other animals, and transported across the ocean to an American zoo可知，关爱动物的人可能更喜欢这本书。
3．Which author's book tells readers the truth about America in the mid-20th century?
A．Allen Say's. B．Cate Davis's.
C．Dhan Reddy's. D．Norman H. Finkelstein's.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由The Way Things Never Were部分的America in the “good old days.” But, in fact, the 1950s and 1960s were not as carefree as they sometimes seem可知答案。
4．Which book has the highest rating?
A．Merely.
B．Silent Days, Silent Dreams.
C．The Way Things Never Were.
D．How Grandpa Tata Caught a Ginormous Fish without a Hook.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。对比四本书的等级可知，最后一本书Silent Days, Silent Dreams的评分最高，为4.8颗星。
B
It's 11 p．m., and I'm still sitting here writing this article for the school magazine! I've had two weeks to write it, and my teacher, Julia, wants it tomorrow. She's always complaining(抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute, Maybe she's right.
A month ago I made a decision to be more efficient(有效率的) this year. Well, I've clearly failed. I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now. I've started going to the health club. I've even been going to bed earlier. But I'm not feeling any fitter, just a little unhappier. I miss my bad habits. Why is leading a better life so hard?
I've just read an article on a website, and I've discovered that it isn't my fault(过错)! In fact, it isn't anyone's fault. It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits. There's nothing we can do. Scientists have done experiments that show we use one part of our brain when we think about ourselves and another when we think about other people. However, when we think about ourselves in the future, we use the same part of the brain that we usually use to think about other people. In other words, the brain sees the “future you” as a different person than your “present you.” That's why we don't always find it easy to make good decisions for ourselves in the future.
But that's not all. Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit. That's the amount(数量) of time the brain needs to accept new behavioral patterns(形式). The good news is that once you make it to ten weeks, everything becomes a lot easier. The bad news is that ten weeks is a really long time, so it's easy to give up what you want to do before then.
So even when we want to change our ways and become better people, our brains won't let us. Or is this just an excuse? Look—I've finished my article on time! Anything is possible！　　【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。作者分析了为何习惯不容易被改变。
5．In Julia's eyes, what kind of person is the author?
A．A bit lazy. B．Quite smart.
C．Very healthy. D．Truly honest.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由第一段中的Julia...always complaining that I leave things till the last minute可知，作者总是把事情留到最后时刻才做，故在老师Julia眼里，他有点懒散。
6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．Why we can't have a better life.
B．How our brain sees ourselves in the future.
C．How our brain helps us make good decisions.
D．Why it is not easy for us to change our habits.
答案与解析：D　段落大意题。由第二段可知，作者想改掉以前的习惯却发现很难。第三段承接上段内容，由其中的It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits可知，作者在本段介绍他看到的一篇关于大脑在人们做决定时如何运转的文章，旨在告诉读者为何改变旧的习惯是如此之难。
7．According to scientists, in order to form the habit of taking exercise, the author needs to take about ________.
A．another two weeks B．another four weeks
C．another six weeks D．another ten weeks
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由第二段中的I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now和倒数第二段中的Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit可知，根据科学家的研究，已锻炼四周的作者，再需要大约六周的时间就能养成锻炼的好习惯。
Ⅲ.语法填空
When 11-year-old Khloe realized that homeless women didn't have a lot of basic items they needed, she __1__ (know) she had to do something. “It all started with a woman I saw on __2__ (I) way to school，” Khloe explained.
Around this time Khloe's grandma was teaching her __3__ to make tote bags(大提包), and that's when Khloe got an idea. “I wanted __4__ (include) bath items in a tote bag and give them to women in need，” Khloe said. She explained the idea __5__ her parents and they said, “Let's __6__ (make) it happen.” Khloe and her family and friends filled tote bags with soap, toothbrushes, socks and other important items. They then gave the bags to homeless women __7__ live in their community.
Khloe's dad suggested they start with 25 bags, but they quickly made 30 bags and passed them out to women in need. Two __8__(year) later, they made over 1,000 tote bags! “Never allow your age to stop you from making a(n) __9__ (different)，” Khloe said. “It feels so great to help your community. It makes you __10__ (true) happy.”
答案与解析：
1．knew　考查一般过去时。由When从句的时态可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填knew。
2．my　考查代词。on one's way意为“在路上”。
3．how　考查疑问词。此处为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，由teaching以及下文中的but they quickly made 30 bags可知，此处表示“那时奶奶正教她如何制作大提包”，故填how。
4．to include　考查不定式作宾语的用法。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。
5．to　考查介词。explain sth. to sb.意为“向某人解释某事”。
6．make　考查祈使句。let's＝let us。Let在此引导祈使句，谓语用动词原形，故填make。
7．who/that　考查关系代词。设空处引导定语从句修饰women，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
8．years　考查名词复数。year为可数名词，由其前的Two可知，此处应填名词复数，故填years。
9．difference　考查名词。由前面的a(n)可知，应填名词。故填difference, make a difference意为“有影响，起作用”。
10．truly　考查副词。设空处作状语修饰happy，表示“真正地”，故填truly。
课件61张PPT。Section Ⅳ　Grammar — 定语从句(Ⅱ)
[新知导引]
1．(教材P34)The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
2．(教材P34)It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
3．(教材P34)He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
4．(教材P34)The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.
5．(教材P34)However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
6．(教材P34)．.. until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
7．(教材P34)The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
8．(教材P34)．.. we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
[语法详解]
定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when, where, why引导，它们在从句中作状语。
1．关系副词when引导的定语从句
when表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time, day, hour, year等。
①We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
②He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.
他生活在一个盲人得不到教育的时期。
温馨提示：when是关系副词，在从句中只能作状语，而不能作宾语或主语。关系词如果在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词which或that，作宾语时常常省略关系代词。
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)
2．关系副词where引导的定语从句
where表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place, factory, house, village等。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
He is now working in the factory where his father worked.
现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。
温馨提示：(1)若表示地点的先行词在从句中不作地点状语时，不可用where来引导定语从句，若作主语或宾语时，应用which或that来引导定语从句。
This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语，所以用which/that，不用where)
The school (which/that) we visited yesterday is newly built.
我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)
(2)一些特殊名词后用where引导定语从句。如果定语从句前面的先行词是point, situation, condition, stage和case等，且在从句中作状语时，应用where来引导定语从句。
We have come to the point where we have to face such a problem.
我们已到了必须面对这样一个问题的地步了。
It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中，这对他们有帮助。
3.关系副词why引导的定语从句
why表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason这个词。
I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
Can you tell me the reason why you didn't come to his birthday party?
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
温馨提示：若先行词reason在从句中不作状语，而作主语或宾语时，应用that或which来引导定语从句。
I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)
The reason why/for which you failed, I think, was that you had not followed your mother's advice.
我认为你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。(定语从句中缺少状语，所以用why或for which)
4．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。
选用介词的依据：
(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.
刚才和你们说话的老太太是一个著名的艺术家。
(3)根据句子的意思来选择。
My computer, without which I can't surf the Internet, broke down yesterday.
昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。
(4)表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，常用．.. of which/whom引导定语从句。
I have about ten books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.
我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。
The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.
这位老人有两个儿子，两个儿子都是律师。
温馨提示：在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
考情分析
关系副词和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句是定语从句考查的重点和难点，尤其是“介词＋which”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。另外，当先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时，要用哪个关系词还要看关系词在定语从句中所作的成分。
口诀助记
(口诀一)
　定语从句真奇妙，
关系代(副)词来引导，
定语从句分两种，
是否限定看逗号。
(口诀二)
which指物who指人，
地点where时间when，
that人或物均可，
why之前是reason。
即时训练
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
2．He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.
3．Many people were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes where people were eaten by the tiger.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1．一些学龄前儿童去日间托儿所，在那里他们学习简单的游戏和歌曲。
Some pre-school children go to a day care center where_they_learn simple games and songs.
2．今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者不能正确使用语言的情况。
Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where_new_English_learners fail to use the language properly.
3.我迟到的原因是我的车在路上抛锚了。
The reason why_I_was_late was that my car broke down on the way.
4．我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得信息的时代。
We live in an age when_information is available with greater ease than ever before.
5．许多国家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动植物可以受到保护。
Many countries are now setting up national_parks_where animals and plants can be protected.
Ⅲ. 单句填空
1．I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.
2．He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.
3．He wrote many children's books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
4．Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
5．I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying(study) Chinese in the school, most of whom were from Germany.
Ⅳ. 根据句意在空白处填入相应的“介词＋关系代词”
1．The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through_which he could see what was happening inside the house.
2．The age at_which children can go to school is seven.
3．The dog, of_which she used to be afraid, is her favourite animal now.
4．The speed at_which Tom drives his car is too high.
5．Tom is the boy with_whom I went to the cinema together.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
2．We visited the car factory where my uncle once worked three years ago.
3．He didn't tell me the reason why he was so excited.
4．Do you still remember the day when we met on the train for the first time?
5．The school where he once worked is famous for its beautiful scenery.
6．Could you tell me something about the girl whose father is an astronaut?
7．Is this the classroom where the old soldier is going to give us a speech?
8．I'll never forget the time that/which we spent together in the army camp.
9．I'll never forget the day when I joined the League.
10．I know the girl whom the teacher talked with yesterday.
11．National Day is a special day which/that we should keep in mind.
12．I will never forget the winter holiday when we stayed together.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The book which cover is broken was bought by Tom yesterday.
which→whose
2．In Beijing we visited the Bird's Nest which the 29th Olympics were held.
which→where
3．I don't believe the reason why he explained to me just now.
why→that/which
4．I will never forget the day on that I first came to his beautiful school.
that→which
5．Have you visited the city where was named after the first president of the USA?
where→which
6．There was a period of time in his childhood that he liked listening to stories very much.
that→when
7．This is the factory which he worked ten years ago.
which→where
8．He got to the station at five thirty where the bus had already left.where→when
Ⅲ.语法与写作
1．The reason why_he_could_not_go_there was that he was ill in bed.
他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
2．We are living in an age when_many_things_are_done on computer.
我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
3．After graduation he returned to the small town where/in_which_he_grew_up.
毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。
4．I don't like the way (that/in_which)_you_spoke_to_your_parents.
我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。
5．The house which_was_destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired.
那间在大火中被毁坏的屋子已经被重新修好了。
6．I'll never forget the days when_I_worked_together_with_you.
我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。
课时作业(二十)　Unit 5　Section Ⅳ　Grammar — 定语从句(Ⅱ)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Could you tell me the reason why you were late for your work yesterday?
2．The car whose window got broken in the accident belongs to Mr Brown.
3．This is the primary school where both my brother and I stayed for six years.
4．This is the little girl whose parents both got killed in the train accident last year.
5．Mother always remembers the day when I was born.
6．Though it is reasonable for the director to educate his staff, I don't like the way that/in_which he spoke to them.
7．This is the house where my grandfather lived three years ago.
8．The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was not sound.
9．I still remember the day on which I first came to this school.
10．I will miss the days when I stayed with my host family in Paris.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
On her first day teaching students from poor families at an after-school program in New York City, Alyssa Kapasi noticed how many kids were lining up for free sandwiches and fruit in the school cafeteria. One of the workers explained that many of these students don't get enough to eat at home, so a school lunch or an after-school meal might be the most food they would get all day.
Kapasi, who attends private school, was very surprised. What's more, she made up her mind to help. “I want other kids to understand that if you see a problem, you don't have to wait to grow up to fix it，” says Kapasi. She and a group of friends are now putting their programming skills to work to create an app called Food for Thought, which will allow parents, students, and even kind-hearted strangers to donate to a lunch account for a student in need at a nearby school.
About 20 million American kids receive free lunches. Two million more can have low-price meals, and those students' families have to pay for part of their food. When they don't have the money on any given day, the students might have to settle_for an “alternative(可替代的) meal” such as a cheese sandwich.
The app—which is getting financial(财政的) support from a GoFundMe page—provides anonymity(匿名) to those who receive lunch and donors. To receive help, a family will need only a recommendation(推荐) from a school teacher, and no one else has to know.
“I want to make an app that all users feel no shame in using，” says Kapasi. She hopes to test the app in a school district this fall.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章介绍了美国纽约市一名叫Alyssa Kapasi的女孩设计了一款应用程序来解决贫困家庭学生的饥饿问题。
1．Why does Kapasi want to create an app?
A．To teach kids how to help others.
B．To practise her programming skills.
C．To introduce her school to the public.
D．To solve the problem of hunger in schools.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。第一段介绍了Kapasi设计应用程序的缘由——她看到许多在学校餐厅排队领取免费食物的孩子并了解到很多孩子在家吃不饱；再由第二段中的she made up her mind to help...to work to create an app called Food for Thought可知，她致力于解决贫困家庭学生的饥饿问题。
2．What does the underlined phrase “settle for” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Buy. B．Make.
C．Accept. D．Offer.
答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。由前文中的About 20 million American kids receive free lunches. Two million more can have low-price meals可知，本段介绍了美国孩子享受免费或者低价午餐的情况。对于那些没有钱支付低价午餐的孩子，他们可以得到诸如奶酪三明治之类的食物来替代午餐。
3．What should a family do if they want to get help from Food for Thought?
A．Visit a GoFundMe page.
B．Get in touch with Kapasi.
C．Be recommended by teachers.
D．Donate something else instead.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的To receive help, a family will need only a recommendation from a school teacher可知，想要获得Food for Thought帮助的家庭，只需被学校老师推荐即可。
4．What can we infer about the users of Kapasi's app?
A．They won't lose face in using it.
B．They will make money by using it.
C．They will know who offers them help.
D．They won't meet their donors until this fall.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的The app...provides anonymity to those who receive lunch and donors和最后一段中的I want to make an app that all users feel no shame in using可知，该应用软件提供匿名服务，这样不会让使用者丢面子。
Ⅲ.阅读填句
How to keep a tidy desk
Working at a clean desk can often be more effective(有效的)! __1__？ The following will help you to have a tidy desk.
?Only keep things you really need on and near your desk. Use a tray(文件盘) for any papers you have to read. Have a small box for pens and pencils and have a rubbish bin near your desk.
?__2__. Go to the kitchen when you want to have a drink or, if you prefer, keep a drink on a small table near your desk.
?Cut down the amount of paper that you use. Try to keep as much information as possible on your computer. Before printing a document(文件), ask yourself, “__3__？”
?Use your smartphone to take photos of things you need to remember. For example, take photos of notes to yourself, the name and address of a place you need to visit or diagrams you need to study for school.
?Get a noticeboard. __4__， use a noticeboard on the wall. Check it every day and throw old notes in the bin.
?Clean your desk at the end of every day.__5__！ If you do it every day, it will only take five minutes and you can start each new day with a clean and tidy space.
A．Whatever you're writing down
B．Don't keep any drinks on your desk
C．Do I really need to read this on paper
D．Choose a time to tidy your desk and do it
E．If you really do need to keep small bits of paper
F．Is a noticeboard a good way to organize bits of paper
G．Do you want to start cleaning, but you do not know how
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了几条如何保持书桌整齐的小窍门。
1．G　该空后的The following will help you to have a tidy desk是对G项中的you do not know how的回答。
2．B　由该空后的Go to the kitchen...to have a drink和keep a drink on a small table near your desk可知，本段建议不要在书桌上摆放任何饮料。故选B项。
3．C　由该空前的Try to keep as much information as possible on your computer和Before printing a document可知，打印文件前，问一问自己“是否真的需要阅读纸质内容”。这与本段小标题Cut down the amount of paper that you use相呼应。
4．E　由本段小标题Get a noticeboard和该空后的throw old notes可知，如果真的需要保存一些小纸片，可以利用墙上的布告栏。E项中的small bits of paper与notes相呼应。
5．D　D项中的Choose a time to tidy your desk与本段小标题Clean your desk at the end of every day相呼应。
Ⅳ.完形填空
After I graduated from college, I tried to find work. I applied(申请) everywhere but no one __1__ me. Finally I __2__ a job in a group home for mentally disabled(有心理缺陷的) people. It wasn't __3__ work. Our work included the feeding, dressing, and safety of our clients (委托人). Also we had to take them to their supported jobs, and help them to __4__ their behaviors when they acted out. It was a difficult job emotionally(感情上) and I really wasn't __5__ for it. In fact, I didn't __6__ to go to work each day.
One of our clients was a young man who couldn't __7__ and would often behave badly when wanting to express something. He did __8__ walking outside, however, so the other workers would often have me take him for a walk up the road to __9__ him down. One day when we were out __10__， I suddenly felt something touch my fingers. The young man was trying to __11__ my hand. __12__ pushing it away, I took his __13__ and we walked along together in the sunshine. Then as we turned to head back to the home I __14__ it. There was a light shining in his eyes. It was full of love, happiness and goodness. In that moment I saw past his __15__ behaviors. I saw who he really was.
Little did I know that __16__ would help prepare me for my own two sons' mental illness. It would help me to see the __17__ that lay within them as well and learn that caring for them was not a __18__ but an honor(荣幸). It would help me to realize they were to be my greatest __19__. They taught me how to live and how to love. They showed me the only way to make sure that love and happiness live on our planet is to __20__ them there ourselves.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者大学毕业后，在一家看护中心照顾有心理缺陷的人。这段工作经历以及后来照顾患有精神病的两个儿子教会了作者如何生活、如何给予他人关爱。
1．A.accepted B．understood
C．helped D．praised
答案与解析：A　由I applied everywhere but可知，此处表示没有人“接受(accepted)”“我”。
2．A.created B．offered
C．got D．refused
答案：C
3．A.dangerous B．easy
C．safe D．difficult
答案与解析：B　由Our work included the feeding, dressing, and safety of our clients以及下文中的It was a difficult job emotionally可知，最终作者在一家看护中心“找到了(got)”一份工作。那不是一份“容易的(easy)”工作。
4．A.change B．judge
C．control D．show
答案与解析：C　由上文中的mentally disabled people以及本句中的acted out可知，此处表示帮助那些有心理缺陷的人“控制(control)”自己的行为。
5．A.sorry B．ready
C．thankful D．regretful
答案：B
6．A.ask B．agree
C．promise D．want
答案与解析：D　由It was a difficult job emotionally可知，“我”真的没有“准备好(ready)”从事这份工作。事实上，“我”每天都不“想(want)”去上班。
7．A.talk B．hear
C．see D．learn
答案与解析：A　由本句中的would often behave badly when wanting to express something可推断，这位委托人有言语障碍，故选talk。
8．A.hate B．practice
C．consider D．enjoy
答案与解析：D　由下文中的so the other workers would often have me take him for a walk up the road以及we walked along together in the sunshine可知，“我”的委托人“喜欢(enjoy)”外出散步。
9．A.calm B．break
C．let D．pull
答案与解析：A　由上文中的help them to...their behaviors when they acted out可知，其他工作人员让“我”带这位委托人去散步从而使他“平静(calm)”下来。
10．A.running B．riding
C．walking D．traveling
答案与解析：C　由下文中的we walked along together in the sunshine可知，此处表示有一天，我们外出“散步(walking)”时。
11．A.hurt B．hold
C．lift D．beat
答案：B
12．A.Instead of B．Except for
C．As for D．Along with
答案：A
13．A.bag B．clothes
C．hand D．head
答案与解析：C　由I suddenly felt something touch my fingers以及I took his...and we walked along together in the sunshine可知，“我”的委托人试着“抓住(hold)”“我”的手。“我”“没有(Instead of)”推开，而是握住了他的“手(hand)”。
14．A.saw B．gave
C．received D．lost
答案与解析：A　由下文中的There was a light shining in his eyes以及I saw past...her really was可知，此处表示“我”“看到(saw)”他眼中闪烁的光芒。
15．A.interesting B．troubling
C．shy D．natural
答案与解析：B　由上文中的would often behave badly when wanting to express something以及There was a light shining in his eyes. It was full of love, happiness and goodness可知，此处表示那一刻，作者忽略了这个委托人曾“令人烦恼的(troubling)”行为。
16．A.skill B．progress
C．idea D．experience
答案与解析：D　由语境可知，此处表示作者在看护中心的那段工作“经历(experience)”。
17．A.secret B．light
C．sadness D．dream
答案与解析：B　由上文中的There was a light shining in his eyes以及that...would help prepare me for my own two sons' mental illness以及本句中的as well可知，作者的这段工作经历让他能够了解患有精神疾病的两个儿子的内心，light符合语境。
18．A.business B．method
C．result D．duty
答案与解析：D　由本句中的but an honor可知，此处表示照顾他们不是履行“职责(duty)”，而是荣幸。
19．A.friends B．supporters
C．teachers D．students
答案与解析：C　由下文中的They taught me how to live and how to love以及They showed me the only way to make sure that love and happiness live on our planet可知，作者认为他们是最伟大的“老师(teachers)”，教会了他如何生活、如何给予他人关爱。
20．A.find B．put
C．expect D．hide
答案与解析：B　结合全文可知，此处表示如果我们想要得到爱、得到幸福，唯一的方式就是我们给予他人爱和幸福，put符合语境。
课件27张PPT。Section Ⅴ　Writing — 人物介绍
[文体感知]
人物简介主要是简单介绍某人的生平，从外貌到性格，从事迹到品质来进行描述。写作过程中要理清人物的基本信息、重要事迹、对社会的贡献或影响，以及作者对人物的评价。要明确文章结构：开头部分陈述人物出生的时间、地点和家庭背景；第二部分列举生平主要经历、事迹或成就；第三部分描述人们的评价或表达自己的感受。
[写作规范]
[题目要求]
请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍中国科学家屠呦呦。
1．屠呦呦1930年生于宁波，儿童时期就对中医产生了兴趣。
2．1951年考入北京大学。1955年，以优异的成绩毕业于北京医学院。
3．毕业后她一直致力于中医的研究。很多成果受到了高度评价。
4．她因为发现青蒿素而出名，青蒿素用于治疗疟疾，拯救了数百万人的性命。
5．2011年屠呦呦获得拉斯克奖，是世界上最受推崇的科学奖之一。2015年，她获得了诺贝尔医学奖。她成为了首个获科学类诺贝尔奖的中国科学家。
参考词汇：青蒿素 artemisinin; 疟疾 malaria；拉斯克奖 the Lasker Award；诺贝尔医学奖 the Nobel Prize in Medicine
注意：1.词数：100个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题谋篇
1．体裁：记叙文；
2．时态：一般过去时为主；
3．人称：第三人称；
4．结构：首段：总述，
中段：具体介绍屠呦呦的经历及成就。
第二步：词汇推敲
1．a_famous_Chinese_medical_scientist 一位著名的中国女科学家
2．win_the_Nobel_Prize 获得诺贝尔奖
3．be_born_in 出生于
4．be_admitted_into 被录取
5．devote_one's_life_to 毕业致力于
6．be_well_known_for 以……而出名
第三步：句式锻造
1．屠呦呦是中国著名的医学科学家。
Tu Youyou is a_famous_Chinese_medical_scientist.
2．2015年，她获得了诺贝尔医学奖。她成为首个获科学类诺贝尔奖的中国科学家。
In 2015, She won_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Medicine. She became_the_first_Chinese_scientist_to_win a Nobel Prize in science.
3.1951年她被北京大学录取，1955年以优异的成绩毕业于北京医学院。
She was_admitted_into Beijing University in 1951 and graduated_from Beijing Medical College in 1955 with excellent results.
4．毕业后她一直致力于中医的研究。
After graduation, she devoted_all_her_life_to the research of Chinese medicine.
5．她因为发现青蒿素而出名，青蒿素用于治疗疟疾。青蒿素拯救了数百万人的性命。
She is_well_known_for discovering artemisinin, used to treat malaria. Artemisinin saved millions of people's lives.
6．2011年屠呦呦获得拉斯克奖。它是世界上最受推崇的科学奖之一。
She got the Lasker Award in 2011. It is one of the most respected science prizes in the world.
第四步：句式升级
7．把第2句升级为v-ing作状语。
In_2015_she_won_the_Nobel_Prize_in_medicine,_becoming_the_first_Chinese_scientist_to_won_a_Nobel_Prize_in_science.
8．用定语从句合并5的两个句子。
She is well known for discovering artemisinin, used to treat malaria, which_saved_millions_of_people's_lives.
9．用定语从句合并6的两个句子。
She got the Lasker Award in 2011, which_is_one_of_the_most respected science prizes in the world.
第五步：妙笔成篇
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
参考答案：
Tu Youyou is a famous Chinese medical scientist. In 2015 she won the Nobel Prize in Medicine, becoming the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize in science.
Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo in 1930. When she was a child, she took interest in Chinese medicine. She was admitted into Beijing University in 1951 and graduated from Beijing Medical College in 1955 with excellent results. After graduation, she devoted all her life to the research of Chinese medicine and a number of her achievements were highly thought of by many people. She is well known for discovering artemisinin, used to treat malaria, which saved millions of people's lives. She got the Lasker Award in 2011, which is one of the most respected science prizes in the world.
[写作提升]
Bill Green在北京大学任教，工作出色。北京大学网站将要宣传他的事迹，要在他的照片旁附上简要介绍。请你根据下面的表格，写一图片说明，简要介绍他的情况。词数：100个左右。
姓名
Bill Green
性别
男
国籍
美国
出生年月
1974年5月
职业
英语教师
简历
1994年大学毕业后来到中国工作，从那时至今在北京大学担任英语教师，长达二十年
主要事迹
1.热爱教育事业
2.专心工作，刻苦钻研业务
3.教学方法多样，课堂教学生动活泼
4.深受师生尊敬和爱戴，多次被评为“模范教师”
参考词汇：教育事业 the cause of education
模范教师 Model Teacher
Bill Green
This is Bill Green, a teacher who __________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
答案：
Bill Green
This is Bill Green, a teacher who had been teaching English for twenty years in Beijing University.
Mr Green was born in America in May, 1974. After graduating from university, he came to China in 1994, working as an English teacher in Beijing University.
He loves the cause of education very much. In the past twenty years he has put his heart and soul into his work and study. He has many ways to make his classes lively and interesting. And his lectures are not easily forgotten.
Respected and loved by all the teachers and students, he has been given the honour of a “Model Teacher” for many times.
[增分佳句]
1．He/She was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.
他/她是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
2．He/She was born in 1911.
他/她出生于1911年。
3．He/She studied at a local high school and graduated from Beijing University.
他/她曾就读于当地一所高中，毕业于北京大学。
4．He/She is such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire/respect him/her.
他/她是如此一个博学/意志坚强的人，我们都很钦佩/尊敬他/她。
5．He/She devoted all his/her life to the work.
他/她把毕生都致力于工作。
6．He/She made great contributions to our country.
他/她对我们国家作出了巨大贡献。
7．He/She was highly thought of by many people.
他/她受到很多人的高度评价。
8.He/She will live in the hearts of us forever.
他/她会永远活在我们心中。
课件17张PPT。课时作业(十七)　Unit 5　Section Ⅰ　Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Mickey Maux Muddles a Murder
Philip Emma
www.xlibris.com
Hardback|Paperback|E-book
$29.99|$19.99|$3.99
Mickey Maux is a wealthy scientist who invents things and takes on detective(侦探) cases when they're too hard for the police. He comes across a strange murder scene(凶杀案现场) and solves it like no other detective can.
One Day I was Thinking About ...
Alice Hartley
www. authorhouse. com
Paperback|E-book
$19.95|$3.99
This book shares poems whose ideas were given by events and family members who came to visit but never stayed. Short meetings have short poems. Others are about love and hate. Let them bring a smile to your face!
Stress Makes You Fat, Wrinkled and Dead
Eliezer Ben-Joseph
www.authorhouse.com
Hardback|Paperback|E-book
$24.99|$19.99|$13.99
The secrets here are simple and straightforward. They are the answers to life's age-old worries. Here is a book for anyone of any age to learn what it means to live a happy, worry-free life.
Princess Amber
Margaret Wright
www.xlibris.com.au
Paperback|E-book
$24.19|$4.99
Princess Amber was written to celebrate the short but wonderful life of a young child in the author's class. Born with a medical condition and walking only with support, she needed more than anything else to dance on the stage.
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章介绍了四本图书。
1．Which of the following books is sold at the highest price in paperback?
A．Princess Amber.
B．One Day I was Thinking About...
C．Mickey Maux Muddles a Murder.
D．Stress Makes You Fat, Wrinkled and Dead.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。对比文章所介绍的四本图书的平装本的价格可知，Princess Amber的平装本价格最高。
2．Whose book teaches readers how to avoid worries in life?
A．Philip Emma's. B．Alice Hartley's.
C．Margaret Wright's. D．Eliezer Ben-Joseph's.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由Stress Makes You Fat, Wrinkled and Dead部分中的．..answers to life's age-old worries以及learn...worry-free life可知，读者可以从该书中学习如何去除生活中的烦恼和焦虑等，而该书的作者是Eliezer Ben-Joseph。
3．What makes Princess Amber different from other books?
A．It tells a true story.
B．It was written as a gift.
C．It is suitable for readers of any age.
D．It is sold in both printed and electronic forms.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由该书内容简介部分中的Princess Amber was...a young child in the author's class可知，该书讲述的是一个真实的故事，主人公是作者的学生。
B
Wanda Butts dropped the phone and screamed when she heard the news that her son was dead.
Josh had drowned(溺亡) while sailing on a lake with friends. The 16-year-old didn't know how to swim, and he wasn't wearing a life jacket.
Josh was not alone in the black community. According to USA Swimming, 70% of African-American children cannot swim. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, African-American children between the ages of 5 and 14 are three times more likely to drown than white children in the same age range(范围)．
In 2007, Butts started the Josh Project, a non-profit(非营利组织) that provides low-cost swimming lessons for children in Toledo, Ohio. The swimming lessons take place at a local high school over four Saturdays for a total cost of $10.
To date, the Josh Project has helped more than 1,000 children learn how to swim.
“The public pools near our home were closed, and other places were not affordable，” said Lisa Haynes, whose 14-year-old son, Joshua, is one of 60-plus students in the Josh Project this summer.
“I am less worried if Joshua is near water because he has the basics of how to swim，” Haynes said. “And we're thankful for that.”
Butts is doing much more, however, than just providing swimming lessons.
“She ups the awareness(意识)，” said Shaun Anderson, a swimming coach who was so inspired by her story that he created a Josh Project swimming program at Norfolk State University. “Once these commnunities learn how to swim, they will pass it down, which results in future generations(代) that know how to swim.”
Butts said she has two wishes for the future: One is to change the drowning numbers of African-American children, and the other is to have a swimming center where the children can swim daily instead of just once a week.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。因为一次溺水事件失去儿子的Wanda Butts创建了一个教非裔美国儿童学习游泳的非营利组织。
4．What led to Josh's drowning?
A．He was poor in boating skills.
B．He gave his life jacket to a friend.
C．He was never taught swimming skills.
D．He was careless when swimming in the lake.
答案与解析：C'细节理解题。由第二段可知，因为不会游泳且未穿救生衣，Josh在湖中与朋友们乘船航行时溺亡。
5．Why did the author list the numbers in Paragraph 3?
A．To show children under 14 are more likely to drown.
B．To argue children should learn swimming at a very young age.
C．To show many African－American children lack swimming skills.
D．To introduce the difference between African-American and white children.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。第三段主旨句为第一句，即Josh的情况在美国非裔群体中并不罕见。接下来作者引用两个组织提供的数据来支持这个说法，70%的非裔美国儿童不会游泳，且在5到14岁年龄段的儿童之中，非裔美国儿童溺亡的人数要比白人儿童高出几倍。因此，这些数据是为了说明非裔美国儿童当中有许多人都不会游泳。
6．What can we learn about the Josh Project?
A．It has its own swimming pools.
B．It provides lessons only in summer.
C．It serves children aged from 5 to 14.
D．Its swimming lessons take place once a week.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由第四段中的The swimming lessons...four Saturdays以及最后一段中的where the children...just once a week可知，该组织每周六开设游泳课程，一周一次。
7．What did Lisa Haynes think of the swimming lessons the Josh Project provides?
A．Expensive. B．Helpful.
C．Interesting. D．Difficult.
答案与解析：B'推理判断题。由倒数第四段中Haynes所说的话可知，她的儿子通过游泳课程学会了基本的游泳技能，她对此很感激。因此可推断，Haynes认为该公益组织开设的游泳课程很有用。
Ⅱ.阅读填句
Go fly a kite
Learning how to fly a kite is simple, and flying kites can be a fun form of exercise.
Of course, the first thing you need is a kite and a ball of string(线). __1__ Then wait for a windy day.
When the perfect day arrives, find an open space, such as a field. __2__
Before flying your kite, find out which way the wind is blowing. __3__ To begin flying your kite, stand with your back to the wind and hold the kite up so the wind can catch it. If the day is not very windy, you may need to get your kite started by running.
__4__ At the same time, walk backwards a few steps to keep the string tight(拉紧的). Now that your kite is up in the air, you can decide how long to fly it and how high you want it to go.
__5__ Slowly wind up(卷起) the string. Try not to pull your kite in too fast or it may crash(坠落)．
Flying a kite is a great way to spend a windy afternoon. If you follow these steps carefully, you will have something more fun to do than sitting inside and watching TV. So on the next windy day, get up off the sofa. Go fly a kite!
A．You can do this by throwing grass into the air.
B．Finally, you will need to bring your kite down.
C．You can buy your kite and string at a toy shop.
D．Follow the instructions to put your kite together.
E．Nothing beats seeing a kite sail high into the clouds.
F．Don't fly your kite near trees because it can get caught.
G．Once the wind catches your kite, let out more string so it can climb higher.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章简单介绍了放风筝的几个步骤。
1．C'本空承接上句the first thing you need is a kite and a ball of string，说明了获得风筝和线的一种途径。
2．F'F项说明选择放风筝场所时的注意事项，与本空前一句内容相关。
3．A'A项中的do this指本空前一句中的find out which way the wind is blowing，涉及判断风向的一种方法。
4．G'G项承上启下，其中前半句承接上段使风筝起飞的内容，后半句引起下文，即如何使风筝飞得更高。
5．B'B项中的bring your kite down与下文wind up the string以及pull your kite in在意义上一致。
课时作业(十八)　Unit 5　Section Ⅱ　Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He studied hard at law and became a good lawyer (law) after graduation.
2．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to playing (play) computer games.
3．Our hometown has_seen (see) a lot of changes in recent years.
4．We're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
5．It is unfair (fair) to the others if some athletes use drugs.
6．I'm only too willing (will) to help you with your experiment this afternoon.
7．We shouldn't use violence (violent) to deal with someone even if we are very angry.
8．With the teacher's good guidance (guide), our work goes on rather smoothly.
9．Though he has run deep into trouble, he remains quite peaceful (peace) in his heart.
10．We all like her very much because she is very wise, kind-hearted and selfless (self)．
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The other day I found my old certificates(证书). We had exams called O levels when we were sixteen. (They are called something different now.) It's so long ago that I'd forgotten what we'd studied. I had nine O levels when I left school and one was in cookery. I was surprised because I'm a terrible cook!
—Celia
My main memory is what we had to wear! I had a purple skirt with yellow lines on it, and then we had those silly hats with a purple line round them. Girls would do anything to lose their hats. Then when I was about twelve, my parents moved to the United States and I went to my new school in my favourite clothes. It was great!
—Alice
I had a normal(正常的) day at school, but I also had music lessons because my parents wanted me to learn the violin. So I had special classes at school before everyone else arrived. So most pupils started at eight thirty, but I had to go to school at seven o'clock for my music lessons. Then at the end of the day, I'd do sport, so often I didn't finish until five in the afternoon. That was a long day for a ten-year-old.
—Dean
I travel a lot nowadays, and I suppose my interest in other countries began with geography and a teacher I liked called Mr. Byford. We'd learn about faraway places and strange areas. I think it made me want to visit them later in life.
—Susan
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。四个人分享了各自对学生时代的回忆。
1．How was Dean's life when he was ten?
A．Busy. B．Happy.
C．Lonely. D．Peaceful.
答案与解析：A'推理判断题。由第三段中的most pupils started at eight thirty...a long day for a ten-year-old可知，Dean十岁时除了正常的学校课程之外，还要在早上提前一个半小时到学校学习音乐，下午放学之后进行体育运动；因此Dean十岁时生活比较忙碌。
2．Why does Susan mention Mr. Byford?
A．To introduce Mr. Byford as a good teacher.
B．To discuss how geography should be taught.
C．To show that Mr. Byford has changed her life.
D．To explain how she became interested in travelling.
答案与解析：D'推理判断题。由最后一段中的I suppose my interest...called Mr. Byford可知，Susan对旅行的兴趣源自地理课和她喜爱的老师Byford；因此她提及Byford老师是为了说明自己是如何爱上旅行的。
3．What are these people mainly talking about?
A．Personal interests. B．School memories.
C．Childhood habits. D．Favourite teachers.
答案与解析：B'推理判断题。文中四个人各自分享了学生时代的回忆：上学时参加考试获得的证书、难看的校服、忙碌的学生生活、激发自己旅行兴趣的地理课和老师。且第一段中的left school，第二段中的my new school，第三段中的go to school以及最后一段中的geography and a teacher都可以作为推断线索。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Douglas and I were waiting to board our plane. I noticed a young man walking around trying to __1__ people. It appeared that he had a mental disability(智力缺陷) that influenced the nature of the communication. Most people __2__ politely; a few ignored him.
After boarding the plane, I __3__ he was sitting across the passage from Douglas and me. As the plane took off, I began writing a __4__. For years, I've been __5__ of flying. For a while, I stopped flying but finally, I __6__ flying again. To help ease(减轻) the __7__， I usually wrote letters.
Then I heard the young man. “Are you __8__？”He asked.
“Yes，” Douglas said, smiling.
The young man looked at Douglas's __9__. “What are you reading？” He touched the pages and said, “A lot of words. No pictures.”
“That is your wife？” He __10__ me.
“Yes，” Douglas answered.
“She's pretty，” the man said.
The man's __11__ encouraged me to enter the conversation. And I __12__ that his name was Peter. He was on the way to Kentucky with his mom to celebrate Thanksgiving with his family. We soon discovered Peter loved __13__ and wanted to talk about Thanksgiving by __14__ everything on the holiday menu. “Will you eat turkey(火鸡)? White meat? Apple pie? Chocolate cream pie？”
I was feeling more __15__. Before I could write more, we had __16__. As we got off the plane, Peter's mom pulled out something from her bag. “It's a pumpkin(南瓜) cake，” she explained. “Peter likes to __17__ them to his friends, and he wanted you to have one.” Before leaving the airport, we __18__ Peter. I told him how he'd eased my fear of flying and how __19__ his pumpkin cake looked.
That week, when people visited, we shared more than just a pumpkin cake; we also shared the __20__ of Peter.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者害怕坐飞机。有一次坐飞机时，认识了一名有智力缺陷的年轻男子。他很率真、直爽，喜欢主动与人聊天。与他的交谈让作者不再感到焦虑不安。
1．A.listen to B．talk with
C．look for D．laugh at
答案与解析：B　由下文中的the communication以及Most people...a few ignored him可知，“我”注意到一名年轻的男子四处转悠试图和人们聊天，故填talk with。
2．A.nodded B．accepted
C．answered D．disagreed
答案与解析：C　由上文中的It appeared that he had a mental disability that influenced the nature of the communication以及下文中的a few ignored him可知，大多数人很礼貌地作出“回应(answered)”。
3.A.noticed B．decided
C．understood D．proved
答案与解析：A　由下文中的I heard the young man以及The young man looked at Douglas's...可知，“我”“注意到(noticed)”那名男子坐在我们旁边，我们之间是个过道。
4.A.diary B．report
C．joke D．letter
答案与解析：D　由下文中的To help...I usually wrote letters和Before I could write more可知，飞机起飞后，“我”便开始写“信(letter)”。
5.A.afraid B．sure
C．proud D．shy
答案与解析：A　由下文中的For a while, I stopped flying以及I told him how he'd eased my fear of flying可知，多年来，“我”一直“害怕(afraid)”坐飞机。
6.A.enjoyed B．started
C．stopped D．avoided
答案与解析：B　由上文中的Douglas and I were waiting to board our plane以及After boarding the plane可知，最终，“我”又“开始(started)”坐飞机。
7.A.risk B．difficulty
C．cost D．worry
答案与解析：D　由下文中的I told him how he'd eased my fear of flying可知，为了减轻自己的“焦虑(worry)”，“我”通常在飞机上写信。
8.A.reading B．writing
C．singing D．waiting
答案与解析：A　由下文中的What are you reading可知，那名男子问“我”丈夫是在“看书(reading)”吗。
9.A.bag B．menu
C．book D．picture
答案与解析：C　由下文中的“What are you reading？”和He touched the pages and said, “A lot of words. No pictures.”可知，此处表示“书籍(book)”。
10.A.asked B．pointed at
C．told D．cared about
答案与解析：B　由“That is your wife？”以及“Yes，”Douglas answered可知，此处表示他“指着(pointed at)”“我”。
11.A.seriousness B．happiness
C．loneliness D．directness
答案与解析：D　由上文的描述可知，“我”候机时，看到一名男子主动与人们聊天。在飞机上，他又主动和“我”丈夫聊天，结合他与作者丈夫的聊天内容，可以看出那名男子很“直爽(directness)”。
12.A.explained B．felt
C．learned D．imagined
答案与解析：C　由The man's...encouraged me to enter the conversation可知，“我”“了解到(learned)”他叫Peter。
13.A.food B．flying
C．traveling D．history
答案：A
14.A.checking B．buying
C．making D．listing
答案与解析：D　由下文中的“Will you eat turkey? White meat? Apple pie? Chocolate cream pie？”可知，我们很快发现Peter喜欢“美食(food)”，并且想聊聊感恩节。他“列出了(listing)”人们通常在感恩节吃的食物。
15．A.relaxed B．tired
C．bored D．surprised
答案与解析：A　由上文可知，作者害怕坐飞机。结合下文中的I told him how he'd eased my fear of flying可知，与Peter聊着聊着，作者就越来越“放松(relaxed)”。
16．A.appeared B．landed
C．passed D．changed
答案与解析：B　由下文中的As we got off the plane可知，此处表示我们已经“着陆(landed)”了。
17．A.sell B．return
C．leave D．give
答案与解析：D　由本句中的he wanted you to have one可知，Peter喜欢“送(give)”朋友南瓜饼。
18．A.thanked B．invited
C．helped D．comforted
答案：A
19．A.strange B．terrible
C．wonderful D．funny
答案与解析：C　由I told him how he'd eased my fear of flying以及上文中的“It's a pumpkin cake，...and he wanted you to have one.”可知，离开机场前，我们向Peter表示了“感谢(thanked)”。“我”告诉Peter他的南瓜饼看起来很“美味(wonderful)”。
20．A.problem B．story
C．trip D．hobby
答案与解析：B　由上文可知，Peter很率真、直爽，喜欢主动与人聊天。与他的交谈让害怕坐飞机的作者不再感到焦虑不安。故此处表示“我”不仅与访客分享Peter送的南瓜饼，还有他的“故事(story)”。

课时作业(十九)　Unit 5　Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The driver narrowly escaped being_killed (kill) in the traffic accident.
2．Though he has met with many difficulties over the past two years, he is still hopeful (hope)．
3．The first time I visited (visit) that land, I decided to settle there.
4．It is the fifth time that the students in Trinity College have_visited (visit) our school.
5．Now their peace talks have reached a key stage where one side must give in to the other.
6．A large number of blankets (blanket) and clothes have been collected for the victims of the earthquake.
7．That man is rather cruel and he is well known for his cruelty (cruel) in this village.
8．As an educated (educate) man, Mr Wang acts properly in almost everywhere.
9．When a person is in trouble, talking with others often helps him feel better.
10．The boss decided to give a reward to him for his positive attitude towards work.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
How Grandpa Tata Caught a Ginormous Fish without a Hook
By Dhan Reddy
Rating(等级)：4.6 out of 5 stars
Many children are lucky enough to go fishing. The luckiest ones get to go fishing with their grandpas! In this story, Dinesh and his grandpa go in search of a really big fish and catch the world's biggest fish with nothing but a piglet(小猪)! This book is a funny story of going out and getting what you want—if you're willing to go beyond what others do.
Merely
By Cate Davis
Rating：4.5 out of 5 stars
Born in the Kalahari Desert in Africa, Merely the Meerkat is the only child of her mother, Mernie, who teaches her to keep an open heart, to be kind, and to look for the best in others. But Merely is unluckily taken from her home and family, along with many other animals, and transported across the ocean to an American zoo where her young life changes forever.
The Way Things Never Were
By Norman H. Finkelstein
Rating：4.6 out of 5 stars
It seems like kids are always hearing stories about America in the “good old days.” But, in fact, the 1950s and 1960s were not as carefree(无忧无虑的) as they sometimes seem. Through interesting stories, advertisements, facts and photographs, Norman H. Finkelstein invites people of all ages to decide for themselves.
Silent Days, Silent Dreams
By Allen Say
Rating: 4.8 out of 5 stars
This picture book tells the story of James Castle, an artist who grew up unloved by his family and community because of his deafness. This book is a story as much about acceptance and understanding as it is about perseverance(坚持)．
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章介绍了四本书的作者、评分等级以及内容。
1．Which word can best describe the story told in the first book?
A．Boring. B．Touching.
C．Worrying. D．Interesting.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由How Grandpa Tata Caught a Ginormous Fish without a Hook部分的catch the world's beggest fish with nothing but a piglet和This book is a funny story可知，这本讲述爸爸用小猪做诱饵钓到世界上最大的鱼的故事书应该非常有趣。
2．Who would be most interested in Merely?
A．Those who care about animals.
B．Those who love making friends.
C．Those who want to know about desert.
D．Those who were born in an unlucky family.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由Merely部分的along with many other animals, and transported across the ocean to an American zoo可知，关爱动物的人可能更喜欢这本书。
3．Which author's book tells readers the truth about America in the mid-20th century?
A．Allen Say's. B．Cate Davis's.
C．Dhan Reddy's. D．Norman H. Finkelstein's.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由The Way Things Never Were部分的America in the “good old days.” But, in fact, the 1950s and 1960s were not as carefree as they sometimes seem可知答案。
4．Which book has the highest rating?
A．Merely.
B．Silent Days, Silent Dreams.
C．The Way Things Never Were.
D．How Grandpa Tata Caught a Ginormous Fish without a Hook.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。对比四本书的等级可知，最后一本书Silent Days, Silent Dreams的评分最高，为4.8颗星。
B
It's 11 p．m., and I'm still sitting here writing this article for the school magazine! I've had two weeks to write it, and my teacher, Julia, wants it tomorrow. She's always complaining(抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute, Maybe she's right.
A month ago I made a decision to be more efficient(有效率的) this year. Well, I've clearly failed. I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now. I've started going to the health club. I've even been going to bed earlier. But I'm not feeling any fitter, just a little unhappier. I miss my bad habits. Why is leading a better life so hard?
I've just read an article on a website, and I've discovered that it isn't my fault(过错)! In fact, it isn't anyone's fault. It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits. There's nothing we can do. Scientists have done experiments that show we use one part of our brain when we think about ourselves and another when we think about other people. However, when we think about ourselves in the future, we use the same part of the brain that we usually use to think about other people. In other words, the brain sees the “future you” as a different person than your “present you.” That's why we don't always find it easy to make good decisions for ourselves in the future.
But that's not all. Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit. That's the amount(数量) of time the brain needs to accept new behavioral patterns(形式). The good news is that once you make it to ten weeks, everything becomes a lot easier. The bad news is that ten weeks is a really long time, so it's easy to give up what you want to do before then.
So even when we want to change our ways and become better people, our brains won't let us. Or is this just an excuse? Look—I've finished my article on time! Anything is possible！　　【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。作者分析了为何习惯不容易被改变。
5．In Julia's eyes, what kind of person is the author?
A．A bit lazy. B．Quite smart.
C．Very healthy. D．Truly honest.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由第一段中的Julia...always complaining that I leave things till the last minute可知，作者总是把事情留到最后时刻才做，故在老师Julia眼里，他有点懒散。
6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．Why we can't have a better life.
B．How our brain sees ourselves in the future.
C．How our brain helps us make good decisions.
D．Why it is not easy for us to change our habits.
答案与解析：D　段落大意题。由第二段可知，作者想改掉以前的习惯却发现很难。第三段承接上段内容，由其中的It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits可知，作者在本段介绍他看到的一篇关于大脑在人们做决定时如何运转的文章，旨在告诉读者为何改变旧的习惯是如此之难。
7．According to scientists, in order to form the habit of taking exercise, the author needs to take about ________.
A．another two weeks B．another four weeks
C．another six weeks D．another ten weeks
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由第二段中的I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now和倒数第二段中的Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit可知，根据科学家的研究，已锻炼四周的作者，再需要大约六周的时间就能养成锻炼的好习惯。
Ⅲ.语法填空
When 11-year-old Khloe realized that homeless women didn't have a lot of basic items they needed, she __1__ (know) she had to do something. “It all started with a woman I saw on __2__ (I) way to school，” Khloe explained.
Around this time Khloe's grandma was teaching her __3__ to make tote bags(大提包), and that's when Khloe got an idea. “I wanted __4__ (include) bath items in a tote bag and give them to women in need，” Khloe said. She explained the idea __5__ her parents and they said, “Let's __6__ (make) it happen.” Khloe and her family and friends filled tote bags with soap, toothbrushes, socks and other important items. They then gave the bags to homeless women __7__ live in their community.
Khloe's dad suggested they start with 25 bags, but they quickly made 30 bags and passed them out to women in need. Two __8__(year) later, they made over 1,000 tote bags! “Never allow your age to stop you from making a(n) __9__ (different)，” Khloe said. “It feels so great to help your community. It makes you __10__ (true) happy.”
答案与解析：
1．knew　考查一般过去时。由When从句的时态可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填knew。
2．my　考查代词。on one's way意为“在路上”。
3．how　考查疑问词。此处为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，由teaching以及下文中的but they quickly made 30 bags可知，此处表示“那时奶奶正教她如何制作大提包”，故填how。
4．to include　考查不定式作宾语的用法。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。
5．to　考查介词。explain sth. to sb.意为“向某人解释某事”。
6．make　考查祈使句。let's＝let us。Let在此引导祈使句，谓语用动词原形，故填make。
7．who/that　考查关系代词。设空处引导定语从句修饰women，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
8．years　考查名词复数。year为可数名词，由其前的Two可知，此处应填名词复数，故填years。
9．difference　考查名词。由前面的a(n)可知，应填名词。故填difference, make a difference意为“有影响，起作用”。
10．truly　考查副词。设空处作状语修饰happy，表示“真正地”，故填truly。
课时作业(二十)　Unit 5　Section Ⅳ　Grammar — 定语从句(Ⅱ)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Could you tell me the reason why you were late for your work yesterday?
2．The car whose window got broken in the accident belongs to Mr Brown.
3．This is the primary school where both my brother and I stayed for six years.
4．This is the little girl whose parents both got killed in the train accident last year.
5．Mother always remembers the day when I was born.
6．Though it is reasonable for the director to educate his staff, I don't like the way that/in_which he spoke to them.
7．This is the house where my grandfather lived three years ago.
8．The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was not sound.
9．I still remember the day on which I first came to this school.
10．I will miss the days when I stayed with my host family in Paris.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
On her first day teaching students from poor families at an after-school program in New York City, Alyssa Kapasi noticed how many kids were lining up for free sandwiches and fruit in the school cafeteria. One of the workers explained that many of these students don't get enough to eat at home, so a school lunch or an after-school meal might be the most food they would get all day.
Kapasi, who attends private school, was very surprised. What's more, she made up her mind to help. “I want other kids to understand that if you see a problem, you don't have to wait to grow up to fix it，” says Kapasi. She and a group of friends are now putting their programming skills to work to create an app called Food for Thought, which will allow parents, students, and even kind-hearted strangers to donate to a lunch account for a student in need at a nearby school.
About 20 million American kids receive free lunches. Two million more can have low-price meals, and those students' families have to pay for part of their food. When they don't have the money on any given day, the students might have to settle_for an “alternative(可替代的) meal” such as a cheese sandwich.
The app—which is getting financial(财政的) support from a GoFundMe page—provides anonymity(匿名) to those who receive lunch and donors. To receive help, a family will need only a recommendation(推荐) from a school teacher, and no one else has to know.
“I want to make an app that all users feel no shame in using，” says Kapasi. She hopes to test the app in a school district this fall.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章介绍了美国纽约市一名叫Alyssa Kapasi的女孩设计了一款应用程序来解决贫困家庭学生的饥饿问题。
1．Why does Kapasi want to create an app?
A．To teach kids how to help others.
B．To practise her programming skills.
C．To introduce her school to the public.
D．To solve the problem of hunger in schools.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。第一段介绍了Kapasi设计应用程序的缘由——她看到许多在学校餐厅排队领取免费食物的孩子并了解到很多孩子在家吃不饱；再由第二段中的she made up her mind to help...to work to create an app called Food for Thought可知，她致力于解决贫困家庭学生的饥饿问题。
2．What does the underlined phrase “settle for” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Buy. B．Make.
C．Accept. D．Offer.
答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。由前文中的About 20 million American kids receive free lunches. Two million more can have low-price meals可知，本段介绍了美国孩子享受免费或者低价午餐的情况。对于那些没有钱支付低价午餐的孩子，他们可以得到诸如奶酪三明治之类的食物来替代午餐。
3．What should a family do if they want to get help from Food for Thought?
A．Visit a GoFundMe page.
B．Get in touch with Kapasi.
C．Be recommended by teachers.
D．Donate something else instead.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的To receive help, a family will need only a recommendation from a school teacher可知，想要获得Food for Thought帮助的家庭，只需被学校老师推荐即可。
4．What can we infer about the users of Kapasi's app?
A．They won't lose face in using it.
B．They will make money by using it.
C．They will know who offers them help.
D．They won't meet their donors until this fall.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的The app...provides anonymity to those who receive lunch and donors和最后一段中的I want to make an app that all users feel no shame in using可知，该应用软件提供匿名服务，这样不会让使用者丢面子。
Ⅲ.阅读填句
How to keep a tidy desk
Working at a clean desk can often be more effective(有效的)! __1__？ The following will help you to have a tidy desk.
?Only keep things you really need on and near your desk. Use a tray(文件盘) for any papers you have to read. Have a small box for pens and pencils and have a rubbish bin near your desk.
?__2__. Go to the kitchen when you want to have a drink or, if you prefer, keep a drink on a small table near your desk.
?Cut down the amount of paper that you use. Try to keep as much information as possible on your computer. Before printing a document(文件), ask yourself, “__3__？”
?Use your smartphone to take photos of things you need to remember. For example, take photos of notes to yourself, the name and address of a place you need to visit or diagrams you need to study for school.
?Get a noticeboard. __4__， use a noticeboard on the wall. Check it every day and throw old notes in the bin.
?Clean your desk at the end of every day.__5__！ If you do it every day, it will only take five minutes and you can start each new day with a clean and tidy space.
A．Whatever you're writing down
B．Don't keep any drinks on your desk
C．Do I really need to read this on paper
D．Choose a time to tidy your desk and do it
E．If you really do need to keep small bits of paper
F．Is a noticeboard a good way to organize bits of paper
G．Do you want to start cleaning, but you do not know how
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了几条如何保持书桌整齐的小窍门。
1．G　该空后的The following will help you to have a tidy desk是对G项中的you do not know how的回答。
2．B　由该空后的Go to the kitchen...to have a drink和keep a drink on a small table near your desk可知，本段建议不要在书桌上摆放任何饮料。故选B项。
3．C　由该空前的Try to keep as much information as possible on your computer和Before printing a document可知，打印文件前，问一问自己“是否真的需要阅读纸质内容”。这与本段小标题Cut down the amount of paper that you use相呼应。
4．E　由本段小标题Get a noticeboard和该空后的throw old notes可知，如果真的需要保存一些小纸片，可以利用墙上的布告栏。E项中的small bits of paper与notes相呼应。
5．D　D项中的Choose a time to tidy your desk与本段小标题Clean your desk at the end of every day相呼应。
Ⅳ.完形填空
After I graduated from college, I tried to find work. I applied(申请) everywhere but no one __1__ me. Finally I __2__ a job in a group home for mentally disabled(有心理缺陷的) people. It wasn't __3__ work. Our work included the feeding, dressing, and safety of our clients (委托人). Also we had to take them to their supported jobs, and help them to __4__ their behaviors when they acted out. It was a difficult job emotionally(感情上) and I really wasn't __5__ for it. In fact, I didn't __6__ to go to work each day.
One of our clients was a young man who couldn't __7__ and would often behave badly when wanting to express something. He did __8__ walking outside, however, so the other workers would often have me take him for a walk up the road to __9__ him down. One day when we were out __10__， I suddenly felt something touch my fingers. The young man was trying to __11__ my hand. __12__ pushing it away, I took his __13__ and we walked along together in the sunshine. Then as we turned to head back to the home I __14__ it. There was a light shining in his eyes. It was full of love, happiness and goodness. In that moment I saw past his __15__ behaviors. I saw who he really was.
Little did I know that __16__ would help prepare me for my own two sons' mental illness. It would help me to see the __17__ that lay within them as well and learn that caring for them was not a __18__ but an honor(荣幸). It would help me to realize they were to be my greatest __19__. They taught me how to live and how to love. They showed me the only way to make sure that love and happiness live on our planet is to __20__ them there ourselves.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者大学毕业后，在一家看护中心照顾有心理缺陷的人。这段工作经历以及后来照顾患有精神病的两个儿子教会了作者如何生活、如何给予他人关爱。
1．A.accepted B．understood
C．helped D．praised
答案与解析：A　由I applied everywhere but可知，此处表示没有人“接受(accepted)”“我”。
2．A.created B．offered
C．got D．refused
答案：C
3．A.dangerous B．easy
C．safe D．difficult
答案与解析：B　由Our work included the feeding, dressing, and safety of our clients以及下文中的It was a difficult job emotionally可知，最终作者在一家看护中心“找到了(got)”一份工作。那不是一份“容易的(easy)”工作。
4．A.change B．judge
C．control D．show
答案与解析：C　由上文中的mentally disabled people以及本句中的acted out可知，此处表示帮助那些有心理缺陷的人“控制(control)”自己的行为。
5．A.sorry B．ready
C．thankful D．regretful
答案：B
6．A.ask B．agree
C．promise D．want
答案与解析：D　由It was a difficult job emotionally可知，“我”真的没有“准备好(ready)”从事这份工作。事实上，“我”每天都不“想(want)”去上班。
7．A.talk B．hear
C．see D．learn
答案与解析：A　由本句中的would often behave badly when wanting to express something可推断，这位委托人有言语障碍，故选talk。
8．A.hate B．practice
C．consider D．enjoy
答案与解析：D　由下文中的so the other workers would often have me take him for a walk up the road以及we walked along together in the sunshine可知，“我”的委托人“喜欢(enjoy)”外出散步。
9．A.calm B．break
C．let D．pull
答案与解析：A　由上文中的help them to...their behaviors when they acted out可知，其他工作人员让“我”带这位委托人去散步从而使他“平静(calm)”下来。
10．A.running B．riding
C．walking D．traveling
答案与解析：C　由下文中的we walked along together in the sunshine可知，此处表示有一天，我们外出“散步(walking)”时。
11．A.hurt B．hold
C．lift D．beat
答案：B
12．A.Instead of B．Except for
C．As for D．Along with
答案：A
13．A.bag B．clothes
C．hand D．head
答案与解析：C　由I suddenly felt something touch my fingers以及I took his...and we walked along together in the sunshine可知，“我”的委托人试着“抓住(hold)”“我”的手。“我”“没有(Instead of)”推开，而是握住了他的“手(hand)”。
14．A.saw B．gave
C．received D．lost
答案与解析：A　由下文中的There was a light shining in his eyes以及I saw past...her really was可知，此处表示“我”“看到(saw)”他眼中闪烁的光芒。
15．A.interesting B．troubling
C．shy D．natural
答案与解析：B　由上文中的would often behave badly when wanting to express something以及There was a light shining in his eyes. It was full of love, happiness and goodness可知，此处表示那一刻，作者忽略了这个委托人曾“令人烦恼的(troubling)”行为。
16．A.skill B．progress
C．idea D．experience
答案与解析：D　由语境可知，此处表示作者在看护中心的那段工作“经历(experience)”。
17．A.secret B．light
C．sadness D．dream
答案与解析：B　由上文中的There was a light shining in his eyes以及that...would help prepare me for my own two sons' mental illness以及本句中的as well可知，作者的这段工作经历让他能够了解患有精神疾病的两个儿子的内心，light符合语境。
18．A.business B．method
C．result D．duty
答案与解析：D　由本句中的but an honor可知，此处表示照顾他们不是履行“职责(duty)”，而是荣幸。
19．A.friends B．supporters
C．teachers D．students
答案与解析：C　由下文中的They taught me how to live and how to love以及They showed me the only way to make sure that love and happiness live on our planet可知，作者认为他们是最伟大的“老师(teachers)”，教会了他如何生活、如何给予他人关爱。
20．A.find B．put
C．expect D．hide
答案与解析：B　结合全文可知，此处表示如果我们想要得到爱、得到幸福，唯一的方式就是我们给予他人爱和幸福，put符合语境。