2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编 阅读专题 议论文

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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
阅读理解专题
议论文
高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷II，C】
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety B. Eating habits.
C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service.
29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A. To meet with her coworkers.
B. To catch up with her work.
C. To have some time on her own.
D. To collect data for her report.
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar.
B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar.
D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
2. 【2019·全国卷III，B】
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."
24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.
26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends

3. 【2019·天津卷，D】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
4、 【2019·江苏卷，C】
Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.
61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.
A. a lack of confidence in technology
B. a slow progress in technology
C. a conflict of public opinions
D. a waste of limited resources
62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.
A. take people's essential needs into account
B. make their programmes attractive to people
C. ensure that each child gets financial support
D. provide more affordable internet facilities
63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?
A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B. Believing that the world has become borderless.
C. Ignoring the power of economic development.
D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
64. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.



模拟题
1.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三一模英语试题
Laughter is part of the universal human vocabulary. All members of the human species understand it. Unlike English or French or Swahili, we don’t have to learn to speak it. We re born with the capacity to laugh.
Very little is known about the specific brain mechanisms responsible for laughter. Contrary to folk wisdom, most laughter is not about humor; it is about relationships. To find out when and why people laugh, I went with several assistants to local malls and recorded what happened just before people laughed. Over a 10-year period, we studied over 2,000 cases of naturally occurring laughter.
We found that most laughter does not necessarily follow jokes. People may laugh after a variety of statements, such as, “Here comes Mary,” “How did you do on the test?” or “Do you have a rubber band?” These certainly aren’t jokes.
We believe laughter evolved from the panting (喘气的) behavior of our ancient ancestors. Today, if we tickle (使发痒) chimps, they don’t laugh. But, instead, they produce a panting sound. That’s the sound of ape laughter, and it’s the root of human laughter.
Apes laugh in the kinds of situations that lead to human laughter, like games that involve chasing. Other animals produce sounds during play, but they are so different from laughter. Rats, for example, produce high sounds during play and when tickled, but these are very different in sound from human laughter.
Laughter is often positive, but it can be negative too. There’s a difference between “laughing with” and “laughing at”. People who laugh at others may be trying to drive them out of the group.
No one has actually counted how much people of different ages laugh, but young children probably laugh the most. At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other times. Adults laugh less than children, probably because they play less.
Work now underway will tell us more about the brain mechanisms behind laughter, how it has evolved, and why we’re so susceptible to tickling.
1. What was the purpose of the decade’s research?
A. To prove that people laugh because of humour.
B. To find out the real reason for people s laughter.
C. To research people s different reaction on jokes.
D. To record conversations among shoppers in malls.
2. What can we learn from the text?
A. People who play more tend to laugh more.
B. Apes produce high sounds when tickled.
C. Scientists know the brain mechanisms responsible for laughter well.
D. The situations in which apes laugh are very different from those in which humans laugh.
3. What does the underlined word “susceptible” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Flexible.
C. Addictive. D. Reliable.
4. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. The Impact of Laughter
B. The Meaning of Laughter
C. A Big Mystery: Why Do We Laugh?
D. Laughter: The Most Beautiful Words
2.东北三省四市2019届高三二模联考英语试题
Connecting with people has become so much easier with advancing technology. Tasks that once required a postage stamp or carrier pigeon are now as simple as tapping a name or even a face on your screen, and you’re connected. But also easier is unconsciously getting caught up in a dilemma by violating certain new rules for communicating. A big one for some: Don’t call until you’ve texted to confirm it’s OK to call. But that’s just the beginning.
“I’m usually pretty mild and not much bothers me,” said Mark Angielle, a 29-year-old office manager from White Plains, New York. But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible one-word message — “K.” “At the very least reply with, Got it.” he said “At least give me a few words here. You’re not that busy.”
There are hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of others who have taken Lo social media to express their distaste for people who don’t follow the unwritten rules of digital communication.
“These rules are simply a new display of a phenomenon we’ve seen in the past,” said James Ivory, professor of communication a Virginia Tech. In the same way that generations and small groups of friends have their own slang and customs, internet culture has given birth to technology-dependent beings that have their own unique set of routine.
But not everyone gets the point. Unlike language, digital communication can be filled with ambiguous clues (线索、迹象) that the person on the other end of the call, text or email may or may not easily understand.
“As soon as people aren’t talking face to face, the first thing that gets lost is some of the richness of the body language,” Ivory said, “People immediately fill that gap by using emoji (表情符号) to sum up a feeling in seconds.
“There's great potential for danger,” Ivory warned. “What's considered polite in one form might be inappropriate or rude in another occasion.”
1. What can you infer about Mark from Paragraph 2?
A. He is a businessman with a bad temper.
B. He complains about social manners.
C. He can’t bear one- word messages.
D. He dislike a busy business life.
2. According to the text, which of the following breaks the rules for communicating?
A. John says “I got it.” to his boss face to face.
B. Jim calls Bill without confirming in advance.
C. Mary texts Lily to make sure if she can call her.
D. Jack sends “Thanks a lot” to his business friends.
3. Why may people misunderstand each other during digital communication?
A. Emoji cannot sum up feelings.
B. People use their own slang and customs.
C. There are large quantities of written rules.
D. People gets wrong messages without clear clues.
4. What are people expected to do after reading tie passage?
A. To obey their own digital communication rules.
B. To be aware of rules during digital communication.
C. To use advancing technology even with disadvantages.
D. To keep pace with digital communication development.
3.山东省临沂市2019届高三三模考试
Scientists in Western Australia claim to have made a new discovery—they have found gold in the leaves and twigs of trees. The researchers believe that the trees suck up the gold from deep underground，over 30 metres down. The discovery has been described as the first of its kind in the world. Australian gold exploration companies are pleased because it will make finding gold cheaper. Rather than drilling deep holes to find gold，they have more ways to examine tree leaves and branches. There is only a tiny amount of gold in the leaves. It would take 500 trees to make one gold ring. The gold is found using a special X—ray machine owned by an Australian government agency. A pure X-ray and a powerful microscope scan the leaves and branches.
The claim that this is the first time that gold particles(微粒)have been found in living material might not be true，though. Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals underneath them. They used plant life to find minerals and that was thousands of years ago. In the Zhou Dynasty，it was written in a book that a certain plant grew only near deposits of gold. Over the next 2，000 years，Chinese people wrote about different plants and how they grew，showed where minerals and precious stones such as jade，copper，lead，silver and gold were.
Even more importantly，in the 1 000s，Su Song described how copper，gold，silver，lead and tin were observed and taken from certain plants. These were amazing scientific discoveries. Meanwhile，this knowledge was unknown in the rest of the world until about 1 600.This was when a British man realised that oak trees grew larger and greener where there was alum(明矾)in the ground. Maybe ancient Chinese has more knowledge to teach modern scientists.
1. What can we know from Paragraph 1 ?
A. 500 dead trees can make one gold ring.
B. The trees can absorb the gold from deep underground.
C. Scientist have found gold 30 meters below underground.
D. The companies find it hard to find gold.
2. How do scientists find gold in the leaves?
A. By observing the leaves carefully. B. By drilling deep holes.
C. By using a special x—ray. D. By referring to ancient books.
3. Who first discovered that there was connection between plants and minerals?
A. Ancient Chinese people. B. Su Song.
C. Australian scientists. D. A British man.
4. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To introduce two great scientists in ancient times.
B. To provide more evidence to support the writer’s opinion.
C. To show how ancient people got gold from certain plants.
D. To prove that ancient Chinese has more knowledge than modern scientists.
4.江西师范大学附属中学2019届高三三模
A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?
Avoiding temptation ( 诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the “out of sight, out of mind” principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.
The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point.
Willpower may also be made less vulnerable（脆弱）to being exhausted in the first place.
Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.
The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year’s Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don’t try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won’t require making decisions at all.
1. From the studies in the passage we learn that .
A. people have unlimited self-control
B. high motivation ensures one’s success
C. willpower is hardly completely exhausted
D. too many temptations often lead to failure
2. The underlined phrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .
A. make use of B. run out of
C. build D. increase
3. The author compares self –control to muscles .
A. to prove the long-term effect of willpower
B. to show the significance of regular exercise
C. to argue that self-control can he easily used up
D. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control
4. To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?
A. “I will give up dessert and do exercise.”
B. “I will set three goals this new semester.”
C. “I will read an English novel every month.”
D. “I will keep myself from any temptation.”

5.河南省开封市2019届高三第三次模拟考试
Squirrels aren’t natural city dwellers(居民). In 1986 the sight of one in a tree near New York’s city hall so surprised passers-by that a newspaper published a report about the “unusual visitor”.
Around that time, the tree-dwelling animals were being set free in America’s urban areas to “create pockets of peace and calm like the countryside,” says University of Pennsylvania historian Etienne Benson, who studied our relationship to squirrels over the course of five years.
First, they were introduced to Philadelphia, then to New Haven, Boston, and New York City. Park visitors were encouraged to feed them, and security guards ensured their safety. In the 1910s a leader of the Boy Scouts of America(an organization teaching boys practical skills)said that teaching children to feed squirrels could show the rewards of treating a weaker creature with sympathy, says Benson.
By the early 20th century, though, America began to regret the friendliness it had shown squirrels. Cities had once been filled with animals—from horses pulling goods to dairy cows. By the 1950s those working animals had been moved to the countryside. Pets and wild animals such as birds and squirrels were all that remained of the urban animal kingdom.
Before long, people’s enthusiasm for squirrels wore off, and they started to see them as annoyances. By the 1970s many parks banned feeding the creatures. Today, it is rare to find kids with their parents offering food to squirrels under a tree. And, unfortunately, with more and more buildings being constructed in the city, fewer inhabitable(适宜栖息的)areas are left for the little tree-dwelling animals.
What would be lost if the last of these city dwellers were forced to leave? “I think there’s something constructive to have other living creatures in the city that are not humans and not pets but share the land with us,” says Benson. “It’s a good thing to live in a landscape where you see other creatures going around making lunch. It’s good for the soul.”
1. What’s the purpose of introducing squirrels to Philadelphia?
A. To entertain park visitors. B. To keep the natural balance.
C. To encourage kids to protect animals. D. To make the urban life more peaceful.
2. What was the Boy Scouts leader’s attitude towards feeding squirrels?
A. Disagreeable. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Uncaring.
3. What might have happened to squirrels in cities around the 1960s?
A. They might have inhabited more homes.
B. They might have begun to go out of favor.
C. They might have been introduced to more cities.
D. They might have been moved to the countryside.
4. What does Benson suggest in the last paragraph?
A. Squirrels living in cities are annoying.
B. Feeding squirrels should be discouraged.
C. Squirrels should be allowed to live in cities.
D. It is possible for people to keep squirrels as pets.

答案解析
1、【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
28.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。
29.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。
30.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。
31.A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。

2、【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。
24.B
【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。
25.A
【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its movement . （中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。
26.D
【解析】词义猜测题。下文and beating them hands down in design and sales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞争”，故选D。
27.D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段china and its culture have long been an inspiration for western creations.以及最后一段If you talk about fashion today , you are talking about China - its influences , its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。），结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故选D。

3、【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
51.B
【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。
52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
53.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。
54. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段we learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。
55.A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。

4、【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。
61.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段However, they have reak impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。
62.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。
63.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". 以及Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选B。
64.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知传统的技术依然传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。


模拟题答案
1、【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言。本文探讨了人类为什么笑这个话题。
1.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的To find out when and why people laugh可知本文写作目的是弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故B项正确。
2.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other times. Adults laugh less than children, probably because they play less.可知，玩得多的人笑得多。A项正确。
3.A
词义猜测题。联系上下文可知susceptible（易受……影响的）与sensitive的意思最为接近。故选A。
4.C
【解析】主旨大意题。笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了人类为什么而笑这个问题。故C项为最佳标题。

2、【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但在数字通信中更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。
1.C
【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible one-word message”可知，在生活中他最痛恨的一件事就是一个字的信息。所以通过关键词“hate, terrible”可以判断出，马克不能忍受一个字的信息。故C选项正确。
2.B
【解析】推理判断题。由第一段“Don’t call until you’ve texted to confirm it’s OK to call”可知，在你发短信确认可以打电话之前不要打电话。很多人都违反了这个交流规则。所以B选项“吉姆没有事先确认就打电话给比尔”违反了沟通交流的规则。故B选项正确。
3.D
【解析】细节理解题。由第五段“Unlike language, digital communication can be filled with ambiguous clues (线索、迹象) that the person on the other end of the call, text or email may or may not easily understand.”可知，与语言不同的是，数字通信可以充满模糊的线索。电话、文本或电子邮件另一端的人可能很容易理解什么意思，也可能不容易理解是什么意思。所以为什么人们在数字通信中会产生误解是因为人们在没有明确线索的情况下会收到错误的信息。故D选项正确。
4.B
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。所以判断出短文目的就是期望人们能够在数字通信过程中要注意规则。所以读了这篇文章后，人们被期望能够在数字通信过程中要注意规则。故B选项正确。

3、【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。澳大利亚西部的科学家们声称有了一项新发现——他们在树叶和树枝中发现了金子，这一发现被描述为世界上第一个类似的发现。但作者认为第一次在生命物质中发现金子微粒的说法可能是不正确的，并证实了这种观点。
1.B
【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“The researchers believe that the trees suck up the gold from deep underground，over 30 metres down.”可知，研究人员相信这些树能从30米以下的地下深处吸收黄金。所以从第一段我们可以知道树木能从地下深处吸收金子。故B选项正确。
2.C
【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“The gold is found using a special X—ray machine owned by an Australian government agency”可知，黄金是用澳大利亚政府机构拥有的一台特殊的X光机来发现的。所以科学家用特殊的x射线来寻找树叶中的金子。故C选项正确。
3.A
【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals underneath them. They used plant life to find minerals and that was thousands of years ago.”可知，中国古代的智慧了解植物和其下面的宝石和矿物之间的联系。他们用植物来寻找矿物，那是几千年前的事了。所以中国古代人民首先发现植物和矿物之间有联系。故A选项正确。
4.B
【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段可知，重要的是，在11世纪，苏松描述了铜、金、银、铅和锡是如何被观察到并从某些植物中被提取出来。这些都是令人惊奇的科学发现。同时，直到1600年左右，世界其他地方都不知道这一知识。这时一个英国人意识到橡树变得更大更绿。在其下面发现了明矾，也许古代中国人有更多的知识来传授给现代科学家。所以最后一段，仍然在说明在生命物质中发现金子微粒很早就已经存在了。所以第一次在生命物质中发现金子微粒的说法是不正确的。故最后一段的目的是提供更多的证据来支持作者的观点。故B选项正确。

4、【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。短文列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。
1.C
【解析】细节推理题。根据第三段Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands.可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故C选项正确。
2.A
【解析】猜测词义题。由第三段“The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down.”可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出“tap into”指利用，与make use of同义。故A选项正确。
3.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故D选项正确。
4.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won’t require making decisions at all.可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。所以C项“I will read an English novel every month.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故C选项正确。

5、【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了松鼠是否应该留在城市生活的问题。
1.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Around that time, the tree-dwelling animals were being set free in America’s urban areas to “create pockets of peace and calm like the countryside,”可知，松鼠被引进费城是为了让城市生活变得更宁静，故选D。
2.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的In the 1910s a leader of the Boy Scouts of America(an organization teaching boys practical skills)said that teaching children to feed squirrels could show the rewards of treating a weaker creature with sympathy, says Benson. （Benson说，20世纪10年代，美国童子军的一位领导人说，教孩子喂松鼠可以显示出同情地对待弱小动物的回报。）可知，这名童子军领导支持喂养松鼠的行为，故选C。
3.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的By the 1950s those working animals had been moved to the countryside（到20世纪50年代，这些动物已经被转移到农村）和第五段中的Before long, people s enthusiasm forsquirrels wore off, and they started to see them as annoyances. By the 1970s many parks banned feeding the creatures（不久，人们对松鼠的热情就消退了，他们开始把松鼠视为讨厌的东西。到20世纪70年代，许多公园禁止给这些动物喂食。）由此推断出，在20世纪60年代左右，城市松鼠开始失宠，故选B。
4.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的constructive和 a good thing等关键词，以及 It’s good for the soul可判断Benson认为松鼠应该被允许留在城市里，故选C。







































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