天津市一中2018-2019学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）
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| 名称 | 天津市一中2018-2019学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-09-06 10:34:13 | ||
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天津市一中2018-2019学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷
本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）、第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共100分，考试用时90分钟。请将答案涂写在答题卡和答题纸上，答在试卷上的无效。祝大家考试顺利！
第I卷
I.听力(省略)
II.单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.—Would you mind moving your bike?
—________ I’ll do it right away
A. Why not? B. Never mind.
C. Of course. D. Not in the least.
2.You’d better not phone our manager from three to four this afternoon; he ________ for a meeting then.
A. will be preparing B. will prepare
C. is preparing D. prepares
3.________ more information, you can log on to the website of our company or call 8858858.
A. To find out B. Finding out
C. Find out D. Having found out
4.My friend lives in Tianjin ________ is about an hour’s ride from his office.
A. which B. that
C. where D. who
5.A recent personal photograph must be ________ to your application form before you hand it in.
A. referred B. attached
C. connected D. tied
6.I plan to visit my family during the Spring Festival, but if I can’t get the train ticket, I still have an ________ plan.
A. enthusiastic B. alternative
C. awful D. anxious
7.What is known to us all is that no one, no matter who he is, can ________ the wheel of history.
A. hold on B. hold back
C. hold out D. hold up
8.________ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.
A. Although B. As long as
C. If only D. As
9.Food production is important but of ________ importance is taking care of the environment.
A. fair B. reasonable
C. equal D. proper
10.She tried to hide her feelings in front of the children, but the tears in her eyes gave her ________.
A. out B. away
C. off D. up
11.The reason ________ he failed to make himself understood was ________ he was not good at speech.
A. for which, because B. that, that
C. which, because D. why, that
12.My sister ________ my parents and I are proud was admitted to Peking University last autumn.
A. who B. that
C. of whom D. in whom
13.—Why did the toy dog stop barking?
—The battery must have ________.
A. used up B. run out
C. given up D. put out
14.Tom should not be sent to carry out the task for three reasons. ________, he hasn’t had enough experience.
A. For a start B. In other words
C. On the other hand D. At first
15.—$300, and that’s my last offer.
—OK. It is a ________.
A. charge B. price
C. cost D. deal
III.完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从41～60各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I shared one of the lifeboats with the chief engineer, Tom Fenton. I don't ___16___ the exact circumstances, but the storm continued into the second night. In some ___17___, we were able to avoid being ___18___ into the sea. Then as quickly as it had come, the ___19___ passed. The wind died down and the stormy sea became ___20___, the clouds drifted away, and the ___21___ came out in the clear sky above. We didn't know where we were or what would happen to us but it was a marvelous(令人惊异的) feeling, just being ___22___. At night the little boat ___23___ in the open sea while Tom and I ___24___ soundly. We were both exhausted. The next morning, I was ____25____ by brilliant sunshine. At first the bright sun made it impossible to see, but as my ____26____ became used to the light, I was able to look around. There was nothing but the deep blue ____27____ of the Pacific in all directions. The other lifeboats were gone.
____28____ the danger of the storm was over, I began to ____29____ our other problems. All our supplies were ____30____. We had no food, no fresh water, and we were somewhere in the South Pacific, ____31____ hundreds of miles from land. Perhaps we would drift here in the quiet ____32____ for weeks. It was a frightening thought. My ____33____ was still sleeping. I was about to ____34____ him up when I saw something in the distance. ____35____ away from the sun towards the west, I thought I saw the blue shape of land in the distance.
16. A. remember B. recognize C. doubt D. see
17. A. areas B. ways C. troubles D. cases
18. A. pulled B. carried C. thrown D. put
19. A. shadow B. cloud C. wind D. storm
20. A. quiet B. unusual C. rough D. deep
21. A. sun B. stars C. rainbow D. lightning
22. A. crazy B. bored C. sad D. alive
23. A. sank B. returned C. drifted D. appeared
24. A. slept B. talked C. played D. ate
25. A. shocked B. hurt C. awakened D. heated
26. A. body B. face C. ears D. eyes
27. A. shape B. water C. bank D. sky
28. A. Now that B. Although C. As if D. Unless
29. A. get around B. worry about C. work out D. give up
30. A. important B. ready C. gone D. broken
31. A. possibly B. successfully C. luckily D. mostly
32. A. forest B. island C. ocean D. river
33. A. wife B. doctor C. patient D. companion
34. A. ring B. wake C. dress D. bring
35. A. Keeping B. Turning C. Getting D. Looking
IV. 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
New Views is the National Theatre’s annual play writing programme for 14 - 19 year olds. Every year, hundreds of students from across the UK learn about play writing from the finest writers and write their own 30-minute plays. The online course is accessible to everyone, but participating schools and colleges have the unique benefits. This year we are working with 75 schools nationwide, giving up to 100 groups the opportunity to be a part of New Views. Any school or college can apply to participate in the programme.
Applications for New Views 2018 (September 2018-July 2019)
Time
Activity
Details
September
CPD
(teachers)
●visit the NT for training.
●establish writing groups in their schools or colleges.
October-March
TRAINING (students)
●follow our specially created online course.
●see NT productions--at the NT in London.
●take part in workshops with professional playwrights.
December-April
WRITING (students)
●write half-hour plays about the challenging, real-life issues that matter to them.
●stage rehearsed readings.
●submit plays to the NT for feedback.
July
NEW VIEWS FESTIVAL
(all)
● hold the annual New Views Festival.
● have the chance to see his/her play produced at the NT.
● attend rehearsed readings of their work if they have their plays shortlisted (列入候选名单).
The students taking part in New Views will have the unique and exciting opportunity to:
● Explore their talent and sharpen their approach to research, as well as their ability to develop and express ideas on key moral questions and dilemmas.
● Develop a sense of connection to the arts, a lifelong enthusiasm for theatre and an understanding of the power of theatre to engage audiences in serious debate.
●Develop their transferable(可转换的) skills for employment and further study including self-management, team working and communication, application of literacy(有读写能力), problem solving, independence and critical engagement with subject material.
How much does it cost to take part?
● State Schools: ￡300
● Independent Schools: ￡600
If you would like to register your interest in participating, please contact Andrew Pritchard, New Views Programme Coordinator: newviews@nationaltheatre.org.uk
36. The article is intended for _______.
A. schools and colleges B. parents and students
C. players and playwrights D. theaters and performances
37. In the training, professional playwrights will _______.
A. stage rehearsed readings with students
B. participate in annual New Views Festival
C. guide students’ play writing in the workshops
D. establish writing groups in schools or colleges
38. Students who enter this programme will _______.
A. become unique and independent
B. lead audiences into serious debate
C. improve literacy and learning ability
D. be able to organize a team of their own
B
Humans were designed to stand upright(直立). And yet in this modern world, too many of us spend our days with our heads lowered for a simple reason: we’re staring at the tiny screen of a smartphone.
People spend an average of 2 to 4 hours each day with their neck bent while shooting off emails or texts. That’s 700 to 1,400 hours a year. The success of social media has led to a rapid development of bad smartphone posture(姿势). That’s 700 to 1,400 hours a year. The success of social media has led to a rapid development of bad smartphone posture.
The average adult head weighs 10 to 12 pounds when it’s in the upright position. However, because of the gravity, bending your head at a mere 15 degree puts 27 pounds of pressure on your spine(脊椎); a 30 degree neck bend could equal 40 pounds of a pressure; a 45 degree bend adds the force of 49 pounds, according to research from Dr. Kenneth Hansraj from New York. These stresses may lead to many problems.
It’s no secret that correct posture is better for your back. According to the researchers, good posture is described as ears aligned(成一条直线) with the shoulders. In proper alignment, spinal stress disappeared. It is the best position for the spine. Standing tall doesn’t just make you look better; it improves your health, too. Other studies have found good posture has even been connected to ways of behaving. People who have poorer posture often have poorer physical and emotional(情绪上的) health.
The researchers describe bad posture as “the head in a forward position and the shoulders dropping forward in a rounded position”. Bad posture has been connected to many medical problems, including headaches and other problems, depression and heart disease. This is why Hansraj said it’s important to be mindful of your smartphone posture. While it is nearly impossible to avoid the technologies that cause these problems, people should make an effort to look at their phones with a correct posture.
39. Through the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 the author wants to show that _______.
A. the social media have its bad side
B. the social media have made a great success
C. people have to use social media unavoidably
D. more and more people are using smartphone
40. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. It’s healthy to bend your back regularly.
B. Your back is getting exercise as you bend it.
C. The average weight of an adult head always changes.
D. The more you bend your neck, the heavier the head becomes.
41. What is the correct posture?
A. Bend your head within 15 degree.
B. Raise and lower your head in turn.
C. Drop your head forward in a rounded position.
D. Keep the positions of the neck and shoulders in a line.
42. It can be learnt a correct posture can ________.
A. cure many diseases B. make one behave differently
C. cause no stress to the spine D. prevent one from gaining weight
C
A few years ago, my younger sister and I were the first to board our flight for Norfolk, Virginia. Just as we were about to board the plane, a mechanic came out of the aircraft and blocked the door with his arms. He turned to the flight attendant and hurriedly stated, “We got problems!”
I thought to myself, “Why did I have to be the one to hear that? Why couldn’t I have been at the back of the line? I didn’t need to know that!” Very soon we were back in the terminal, waiting, and then finally back on the plane. I waited for the pilot to give an explanation. Pilots take courses to ease passengers’ mind, right? They know what to say to calm nerves.
Unfortunately, I didn’t think this pilot took that course. Soon his voice thundered throughout the plane. “Sorry for the delay, ladies and gentlemen. We had no power on the plane. We have a generator on the ground right now, and we’re going to jump—start the engine. Once we get them going, we’ll get up in the air and head to Norfolk, and see what happens.”
See what happens? We were going to get up in the air, and see what happens? Couldn’t we have another plan, one that’s been worked out just a little better?
At this point, all I could do was to laugh nervously. One woman started yelling, “Oh no! We’re going to crash!” There were sighs of desperation and anxiety spreading throughout the cabin. Finally, we got up in the air thirty minutes later, and what happened? Nothing—other than thrust(推力) and lift. We arrived in Norfolk, and no sooner had the wheels touched the ground than a round of applause burst out, as everyone throughout the airplane breathed a sigh of relief at the same time.
Although, I did sincerely like to have a plan better than “see what happens” worked out when flying—it really isn’t such a bad life strategy. Success will never be guaranteed. The best thing you can do is just get up in the air, and see what happens. Sometimes adjustments would be made in the air, or shall we say, in the middle of the process.
43. The purpose of the text is to _______.
A. introduce a frightening flight experience
B. prove that taking a plane is dangerous
C. show a way of making plans
D. tell readers a life strategy
44. What event was beyond the author’s expectation?
A. The mechanic explained the problems to the passengers.
B. The pilot said nothing to calm the passengers.
C. The passengers arrived in Norfolk safely.
D. The flight was delayed for half an hour.
45. Having known the problems, many passengers _______.
A. complained about the mechanic’s carelessness
B. stood up and started yelling
C. waited calmly for the problems to be solved
D. felt hopeless and anxious
46. Which opinion would the author most probably hold?
A. To ensure success, don’t get started before you’ve got everything ready
B. To avoid repeating failure, give yourself all the reasons why you can’t.
C. To set up a business, don’t wait until you have everything you need.
D. To achieve success, try to prepare for the worst.
D
Children used to be able to play freely, exploring and interacting with the natural world with little or no supervision(监督) by adults. They were free to invent games of their own. Nowadays, however, we control the lives of our children much more, giving them fewer chances for free play. Many children in England used to spend hours playing on their bikes, having all sorts of adventures, but this is now considered too dangerous. Some working families can't care for their children after school, so the children have to stay indoors or attend supervised after-school activities.
The result is that some children have little time for play any more and when they do it's often spent in front of the television or computer. In the past, children in Brazil played a game which involves spinning (旋转) a large seed with a hole in it to create a scream-like noise. They rarely play this game nowadays.
Studies show that outdoor environments help all people by reducing stress and creating a general feeling of well-being. When children play in the open air, they are more likely to have positive feelings about each other.
Outdoor environments are also important for children's development of independence. When playing outside, children can gradually increase the distance from adults. Adults are then more willing to trust their children, an important element in confidence-building which improves the relationship between child and parent.
Outdoors, children have more chances to use all their senses. They have greater freedom not only to run and shout, but also to interact with the environment. Activities which may not be allowed indoors are perfectly acceptable outdoors; children are free to play messy games out in the open air that just wouldn't be permitted in the home.
Children experience the natural environment differently from adults. Adults typically see nature as background to what they are doing, while for children it is a hands-on experience. The expensive toys and indoor educational games cannot substitute for the experience of direct interaction with nature. They cannot replace the sensation where a child's attention is suddenly caught by the sunlight through leaves or the gentle noise of water flowing by.
47. The author mentions a Brazilian game to show that _______.
A. it was common for children to invent games in the past
B. TV and computer are more popular than outdoor games
C. Brazilian children used to play outdoor games
D. children seldom play outdoors nowadays
48. How do adults react when their children become more independent?
A. They don't control the lives of their children anymore.
B. They have more confidence in their children.
C. They want their children to stay indoors.
D. They experience less stress.
49. The underlined part “substitute for” in the last paragraph can be replaced by _______.
A. take the place of B. be based on
C. be used as D. get through
50. The author's purpose in writing the text is to _______.
A. introduce some outdoor games
B. present a study on outdoor play
C. encourage people to interact more with nature
D. advise parents to let children play outdoors more
第 II 卷
V. 单词填空 （共 10 小题，每空仅限填一词；每空 1 分，满分 10 分）
根据所给的首字母和中文写出所缺单词的完整形式，注意有的需要词形变化。
51. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and __________(秩序) in society.
52. She was found alive but __________ (不省人事) lying in the corner.
53. Trains are fast and ____________ (方便), but rush hours can be terrible.
54. The university provides some students __________ (住宿) on campus.
55. No smoking will be allowed within a future city’s ___________ (范围).
56. Picasso’s work was i____________ on many other painters in the 20th century.
57. Greetings in Asian countries do not i____________ touching the other person.
58. The country has always relied on coal and other natural r_________.
59. The dam will g________electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.
60. You will be attending the conference the whole morning, but in the afternoon you’ll be free to e_____________ this charming city on your own.
VI. 书面表达（共 1 小题，满分 15 分）
61.假设你是李华，你讲参加主题为“Global Water Shortage”的英语演讲比赛。请写一份演讲稿，主要内容如下：
1. 全球水资源短缺情况严峻；
2. 水资源短缺的原因（环境污染、人口增长等）；
3. 应对措施（科学的储存未来用水、开发现有水资源使用新方式、节约用水等）。
注意：1. 词数不少于 100；2. 可以适当添加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾以为你写好。
参考用词：资源 resources
Good morning, everyone, I am Li Hua. It’s my great honor to speak here.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
答案与解析
1【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你介意挪一下你的自行车吗？——一点也不，我立刻去挪。A. Why not?为什么不呢？B. Never mind.没关系。C. Of course.当然；D. Not in the least.一点也不。根据后文I’ll do it right away可知，一点也不介意，故选D。
2【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：今天下午三点到四点，你最好不要给我们经理打电话，他那个时候正在开会。根据句意可知，from three to four this afternoon指将来的时间段，在将来的某个时间经理正在开会，故用将来进行时，故选A项。
【点睛】将来进行时的用法。
将来进行时（The Future Continuous）表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段内将要发生的动作。将来进行时由“shall/will + be动词 + 现在分词”构成。shall用于第一人称，will用于各种人称。
1.表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段内将要发生的动作。一般只用于动态动词，不能用于静态动词：
She'll be leaving at about seven.她将在7点钟离开。
I'll be waiting for you at the gate.我将在大门口等你。
Be sure to come. We'll be expecting you.一定要来，我们要等你的。
2.表示将来某一段时间内持续发生的动作
I shall be staying here about a week.我将在这里住一星期左右。
He will be working in Geneva during the summer vacation.暑假期间他将在日内瓦工作。
We'll be using this book next term.我们下学期将用这本书。
3.用于现代英语口语中，表示“纯粹”的将来该时态比一般将来时显得语气委婉：
When will you be visiting us again? 你什么时候再来拜访 我们? （比较委婉）
When will you visit us again? （一般说法）
3【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要找更多的信息，你可以登陆我们网站或者拨打8858858。分析句子可知，空格作非谓语，表示目的，故用不定式，故选A项。
4【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我朋友住在天津，离他上班的地方大概一个小时的车程。分析句子可知，________ is about an hour’s ride from his office为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tianjin，从句缺乏谓语，故用关系代词which，故选A。由于是非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。
【点睛】非限制性定语从句中，关系词不能使用that和why，这是需要注意的。
5【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：交申请表的时候，必须要粘贴上一张个人近照。A. referred参考；B. attached粘贴，附属；C. connected联系；D. tied系。根据句意可知，把照片粘贴在申请表上，故用短语be attached to(被粘贴在)，故选B。
6【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我计划春节期间回家。但是如果我买不到火车票，我还有其他的计划。A. enthusiastic热情的；B. alternative替代性的；C. awful可怕的；D. anxious着急的。根据语境可知，买不到火车票的话，还有其他的办法，故选B项。
7【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：众所周知，无论是谁，都无法阻挡历史的车轮。A. hold on坚持，别挂断；B. hold back阻止；C. hold out伸出；D. hold up举起。根据语境可知，是阻止历史的步伐，故选B项。
【点睛】hold的短语汇总。
hold against 归咎于；责怪
hold back 阻止 (= keep back) ；抑制（情感、情绪） (= hold in, keep back) ；阻碍发展 (= keep back) ；退缩不前 (= hang back, hang behind) ；保密；隐瞒
hold down 保有（一份工作） ；压抑；压低；控制
hold forth 长篇大论地讲，滔滔不绝地讲
hold off保持距离；不接近 ；拖延；延期 (= put off) ；使离开；延缓到 (= keep off)
hold on （打电话时用语）请等一下，不要挂上 ；坚持 = hold out
hold out 给予；提供 ；支持；继续 ；坚持；忍耐 (= hang on, hold on) ；伸出
hold out for 坚持要求 (= stick out for)
hold out on 隐瞒 扣压不复
hold over 延迟；延期 ；期满后继续上映 ；威胁；勒索
hold to 坚持；遵循
hold up 使停滞 ；拦路抢劫 ；举起展示；提出（作榜样）
hold with 同意，赞成
8【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：即使警方认为他是最有可能的那个人，既然他们没有确切的证据，就不能逮捕他。A. Although尽管；B. As long as只要；C. If only要是……；D. As尽管。分析前后句可知，属于让步关系，而as作为“尽管”讲，引导的从句需把表语或者状语前置，故选A项。
9【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：粮食产量很重要，但是保护环境同等重要。A. fair公平的；B. reasonable合理的；C. equal相等的；D. proper适合的。根据转折连词but可知，保护环境同等重要。of importance is taking care of the environment为完全倒装句，主语为taking care of the environment。故选C项。
10【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她努力在孩子面前隐藏自己的情绪，但是眼睛里的泪水暴露了她。give out释放，分发；give away暴露，泄露；give off释放；give up放弃。根据语境，故选B项。
【点睛】give短语汇总。
give oneself （为...）献身 give up 放弃；交出 give out 分发,发出；公布,发表；用尽,精疲力竭 give in v.屈服；让步；交上 give aid to 给…予帮助 give or take 增减……而无大变化；允许有小误差 give one's attention to v.注意 give attention to 考虑；注意；关心 give away 放弃；泄露；分发；出卖 give off 发出（光等）；长出（枝、杈等） give it a try 试一试 give it up 放弃；鼓掌欢迎 give me a hand 帮我一下 give in投降,屈服.
11【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他没有让别人明白他的意思的原因是他不擅长演讲。本句为句型the reason why…is that………的原因是……。第一空why引导定语从句，表示“为什么”；第二空that引导表语从句，解释原因。故选D项。
12【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我姐姐去年秋天被北京大学录取了，这让我和我的父母很骄傲。分析句子可知，________ my parents and I are proud为定语从句，修饰先行词my sister，从句中为短语be proud of，故用介词“of+关系代词”的结构，故选C。
【点睛】介词+关系代词的用法。
对于“介词+关系代词”结构的使用，重点是要弄清其中的介词如何确定和判断。归纳起来，有以下几点方法：
1. 根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。 如： Water is the natural medium in which fish live. 水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。(注意搭配live in)
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。(注意搭配search for)
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。(注意搭配argue about)
注意，对于那些由动词与介词构成的短语动词，通常不宜将它们拆开使用，此时应注意介词的位置应。如： The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.
2. 根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。 如：
Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested. 历史是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。(注意搭配be interested in)
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他我要去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。(注意搭配be familiar with)
3. 根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。 如：
This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk. 这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。(注意搭配in the front of our classroom)
I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。(注意搭配on the day)
4. 根据句意来确定介词的使用。 如：
This is the book from which I got the story. 这就是那本书，从中我读到这个故事。(由于句意含有“从……”的意思，所以用介词from)
This I did at nine o’clock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九点钟时我做这事，之后我坐着看报。(由于句意含有“在……之后”的意思，所以用介词after)
13【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——为什么玩具狗不叫了？——电池肯定没电了。A. used up用完；B. run out用完；C. given up放弃；D. put out扑灭，熄灭。use up为及物动词短语，而run out为不及物动词短语，分析句子可知，本句需用不及物动词短语，故选B项。
14【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Tom不应该被派去做这个任务有三个原因。第一，他经验不足。A. For a start首先，起初；B. In other words换句话说；C. On the other hand另一方面；D. At first最初。分析句子可知，陈述第一个原因，故用For a start。而at first表示时间上的起先，故不选，故选A项。
15【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——300美元，这是我最后的报价。——好的，成交。A. charge要价；B. price价格；C. cost花费，费用；D. deal交易。It is a deal.意为“成交”，是固定表达。故选D项。
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者和Fenton在大海中漂流，毫无目的，也没有援助的可能，最后却突然发现有陆地的影子。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. remember记得；B. recognize认出；C. doubt怀疑；D. see看见，明白。根据文章语境可知，是我回忆的一次经历，所以推断本句话意思是“我记不清楚具体的情形”，故选A。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. areas区域；B. ways方法，方面；C. troubles麻烦；D. cases案例。暴风雨持续到第二天晚上，从某方面来说，我们能够免于被卷入大海，故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. pulled拉；B. carried搬运；C. thrown扔；D. put放置。暴风雨持续到第二天晚上，从某方面来说，我们能够免于被卷入大海，故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. shadow阴影；B. cloud云；C. wind风；D. storm风暴。由the?storm?continued?into?the?second?night可知，“正如它来得快一样，暴风雨过去了。”，故选D。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. quiet安静的，平静的；B. unusual不同寻常的；C. rough粗糙的；D. deep深的。从The wind died down可知，暴风雨过后，汹涌的大海变得“平静下来”，故选A。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. sun太阳；B. stars星星；C. rainbow彩虹；D. lightning闪电。从句子All?night?the?little?boat___?8__?in?the?open?sea可以看出，描写的是夜晚的事情，所以推断“乌云散尽，星星出现了”，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. crazy疯狂的；B. bored厌倦的；C. sad悲伤的；D. alive活着的。在波涛汹涌的大海中我与Tom同乘一个救生艇，不知道在哪儿，也不知道会发生什么事，所以推断“只是感到还活着”，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. sank下沉；B. returned回归；C. drifted漂流；D. appeared出现，好像。“整晚漂泊在大海中”，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. slept睡觉；B. talked交谈；C. played玩；D. ate吃。由后文We were both exhausted. The next morning I was awakened by brilliant sunshine可知，我们非常疲惫，睡着了，而且睡得很沉，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. shocked使震惊；B. hurt伤害；C. awakened醒来；D. heated加热。由本句的by brilliant sunshine可知，被明媚的阳光唤醒，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. body身体；B. face脸；C. ears耳朵；D. eyes眼睛。由句子“当我的眼睛适应了光，我能够向四周望去”，推测“起初耀眼的阳光使得我无法看清”，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. shape形状；B. water水；C. bank岸边；D. sky天空。我们漂泊在太平洋中，所以能看到的只有太平洋中的蓝色水域，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。A. Now that既然；B. Although尽管；C. As if好像；D. Unless除非。根据意思，由于暴风雨的危险已经过去，所以我开始为其他事情担忧，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. get around四处走动；B. worry about担忧；C. work out锻炼；D. give up放弃。由后文可知，“吃的没有了，所以为此担忧”，也就是开始为别的事情担忧，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. important重要的；B. ready准备好的；C. gone消失了的；D. broken坏了的。由We?had?no?food?，no?fresh?water可知，我们的事物供应中断了，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. possibly可能地；B. successfully成功地；C. luckily幸运地；D. mostly差不多。由句子we?were?somewhere?in?the?South?Pacific可知，作者不能准确猜测目前的位置，所以判断与陆地的距离只是一种猜测，也就是一种可能的距离，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. forest森林；B. island岛屿；C. ocean海洋；D. river河流。由There?was?nothing?but?the?deep?blue___?12__?of?the?Pacific?in?all?directions?可知，“目前我们还在太平洋，可能会在这漂泊几个星期”，故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. wife妻子；B. doctor医生；C. patient病人；D. companion伙伴。由I?shared?one?of?the?lifeboats?with?the?chief?engineer,?Tom?Fenton可知，“我”与Tom Fenton在一起，所以称他为“同伴”，故选D。
34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. ring打电话；B. wake唤醒；C. dress给穿衣；D. bring带来。由句子My_?18_?was?still?sleeping可知，“我”想唤醒他，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. Keeping保持；B. Turning转向；C. Getting获得；D. Looking看。能看到远方陆地的蓝色轮廓，是遥望的结果，所以用looking，故选D。
【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了New Views为学生准备的年度戏剧写作计划和举办的竞赛。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Any school or college can apply to participate in the programme.可知，任何学校和大学都可以申请参加这个项目，故可知本文主要针对的是学校和大学，故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中training部分中take part in workshops with professional playwrights.可知，参与者可以同专业剧作家一起参与写作项目，故可知专业剧作家可以指导参赛人员，故选C。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段This year we are working with 75 schools nationwide, giving up to 100 groups the opportunity to be a part of New Views.可知，今年，与全国75所学校合作，给多达100个小组机会成为New Views的一员，故可知进入比赛的学生可以组建自己的团队，故选D。
【答案】39. A 40. D 41. D 42. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了现代社会，由于人们长时间盯着手机屏幕，给健康埋下了隐患，并且指出你的脖子弯曲的越厉害，你的头对脊椎的压力就越大，正确的姿势是让耳朵和肩膀成一条直线，这样头对脊柱的压力就会消失
【39题详解】
推理判断题。由These stresses may lead to many problems.可推断出，通过这个句子The success of social media has led to a rapid development of bad smart phone posture.作者想要说明社交媒体有它不好的一面，导致手机不良姿势的快速发展。故选A。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。由第三段中The average adult head weighs 10 to 12 pounds when it’s in the upright position. However, because of the gravity, bending your head at a mere 15 degree puts 27 pounds of pressure on your spine(脊椎); a 30 degree neck bend could equal(等于) 40 pounds of pressure; a 45 degree bend adds the force of 49 pounds可推断出，脖子弯曲的越厉害，你的头就会变得越重，故选D。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段According to the researchers, good posture is described as ears aligned(成一条直线) with the shoulders.可知，正确的姿势是让耳朵和肩膀成一条直线，故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段According to the researchers, good posture is described as ears aligned(成一条直线) with the shoulders. In proper alignment, spinal stress disappeared. It is the best position for the spine.可知，好的姿势就是肩膀与耳朵成一条直线，这样的话，头对脊柱的压力就会消失，这是对脊柱最好的姿势，故选C。
【答案】43. D 44. B 45. D 46. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者在一次乘坐飞机的经历中，当时虽然飞机只有一个发动机发电，飞行员仍计划起飞，结果一切依然顺利。由此作者认为，在我们的生活中，有时需要在没有十足把握的情况下采取行动，这样才有可能成功。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段Success will never be guaranteed. The best thing you can do is just get up in the air, and see what happens. Sometimes adjustments would be made in the air, or shall we say, in the middle of the process.可知，作者通过描述自己的经历来说明一个道理，成功无法保证。能够做的最好的事情就是起飞，随机行事，有时候可以在半途做调整，故选D。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段以及第三段Pilots take courses to ease passengers’ mind, right? They know what to say to calm nerves. Unfortunately, I didn’t think this pilot took that course.可知，飞行员有专门的课程来缓解乘客的紧张的，他们应该知道说什么来让乘客安静，但是不幸地是，我认为这个飞行员没有上过这个课程，所以推断这个飞行员没有安抚乘客的紧张，故选B。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段There were sighs of desperation and anxiety spreading throughout the cabin.可知，机舱里弥漫着绝望和焦虑的叹息声，故可知乘客们感到绝望和焦虑，故选D。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Success will never be guaranteed. The best thing you can do is just get up in the air, and see what happens. Sometimes adjustments would be made in the air, or shall we say, in the middle of the process.可知，作者通过描述自己的经历来说明一个道理，成功无法保证。能够做的最好的事情就是起飞，随机行事，有时候可以在半途做调整，故C选项，要想成功一件事情，不必等到所有的事情都准备好了才开始，符合作者阐明的观点，故选C。
【点睛】细节理解题
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。经常有新技术对将来人们工作和生活不良影响的预测，但事实证明结果并不是那样，我们有必要否定预测，以减少人们的恐惧。
2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。
比如小题3，根据倒数第二段There were sighs of desperation and anxiety spreading throughout the cabin.可知，机舱里弥漫着绝望和焦虑的叹息声，故可知乘客们感到很失望，故选D。
【答案】47. D 48. B 49. A 50. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文，介绍现在的孩子几乎没有机会进行户外活动以及户外活动对孩子的好处。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段In the past, children in Brazil played a game which involves spinning (旋转) a large seed with a hole in it to create a scream-like noise. They rarely play this game nowadays.可知，过去巴西儿童玩一个游戏，这个游戏里，在一个洞里旋转一个大的种子来制造像噪音一样的尖锐的声音，但是如今他们几乎不玩了，故可知，作者举例是为了说明如今的孩子很少进行户外活动，故选D。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段Adults are then more willing to trust their children, an important element in confidence-building which improves the relationship between child and parent.可知，成年人会更愿意信任孩子，这是树立信心的重要因素之一，而这种信心会改善父母与子女之间关系，故可知，当孩子更独立的时候，父母往往会对孩子更有信心，故选B。
【49题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段They cannot replace the sensation where a child's attention is suddenly caught by the sunlight through leaves or the gentle noise of water flowing by.可知，昂贵玩具和游戏无法替代这种感官快感，透过树叶的太阳光以及流水声给孩子的感官快感，分析句子可知，这两句都是结构一致，故可知substitute for为replace的意思，都为“替代”的意思，故选A。
【50题详解】
主旨大意题。本文介绍现在的孩子几乎没有机会进行户外活动以及户外活动对孩子的好处，因此建议父母能够给孩子更多的户外活动的机会，故选D。
【点睛】词义猜测题
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为
① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。
②逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
② 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。
③ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。比如小题3，根据最后一段They cannot replace the sensation where a child's attention is suddenly caught by the sunlight through leaves or the gentle noise of water flowing by.可知，昂贵的玩具和游戏无法替代这种感官快感，透过树叶的太阳光以及流水声给孩子的感官快感，分析句子可知，这两句都是结构一致，故可知substitute for为replace的意思，故选A。take the place of 替代。
⑤指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
【答案】51. order
52. unconscious
53. convenient
54. accommodation
55. limits 56. influential
57. involve
58. resources
59. generate
60. explore
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查名词。句意：他强调社会中善良、责任和秩序的重要性。分析句子可知，本句缺乏名词，根据汉语提示，故填order。
【52题详解】
考查形容词。句意：人们找到她的时候，她还活着，但是不省人事地躺在角落里。分析句子可知，本句缺乏形容词，根据汉语提示，故填unconscious。
【53题详解】
考查形容词。句意：列车方便快捷，但是高峰期时候拥挤得可怕。分析句子可知，本句缺乏形容词，根据汉语提示，故用convenient。
【54题详解】
考查名词。句意：这所大学为一些学生在校园里提供住宿。分析句子可知，本句缺乏名词，根据汉语提示，故用accommodation。
【55题详解】
考查名词。句意：在未来，城市范围内是不允许吸烟的。分析句子可知，本句缺乏名词，根据汉语提示，用limit，作“范围”讲，常用复数形式，故用limits。
【56题详解】
考查形容词。句意：毕加索的作品对20世纪其他很多画家都有影响。分析句子可知，本句缺乏形容词作表语，根据汉语提示，故用influential。
【57题详解】
考查动词。句意：在亚洲，打招呼通常不触摸别人。分析句子可知，本句缺乏动词，根据首字母提示及句意，故用involve。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个国家总是依赖煤炭和其他自然资源。分析句子可知，本句缺乏名词，根据首字母提示及句意，用resource，自然资源有很多种，需用复数形式，故用resources。
【59题详解】
考查动词。句意：这座大坝发的电相当于4000万吨煤炭的发电，又不会造成空气污染。分析句子可知，本句缺乏动词，根据首字母提示及句意，will后接动词原形，故用generate。
【60题详解】
考查动词。句意：整个早上，你要参加会议，但是下午，你可以一个人自由参观这个有魅力的城市。分析句子可知，本句缺乏动词，根据首字母提示及句意，不定式to后接动词原形，故用explore。
61【答案】Good morning, everyone,
I am Li Hua. It’s my great honor to speak here. As we all know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to environmental pollution, the ever-increasing population and the improper use of water resources. Thus, we should do something to deal with it.
First, we should store water in a scientific way for future use. Second, we should develop some new ways to use the existing water resources, such as turning sea water into fresh water. Third, it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water, like recycling and saving water in our daily life.
In conclusion, people around the world should protect water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.
That’s all. Thank you.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一篇演讲稿。
【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一篇演讲稿，时态应为一般现在时。关键要点如下：①全球水资源短缺情况严峻；②水资源短缺的原因（环境污染、人口增长等）；③应对措施（科学的储存未来用水、开发现有水资源使用新方式、节约用水等）。
第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，如： global water shortage（全球水资源短缺），environmental pollution（环境污染），improper use of water resources（不恰当使用水资源），recycling and saving water（节约并循环利用水资源等。
第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。
【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合演讲稿的要求，其中不乏亮点句型。
it作形式主语Third, it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water, like recycling and saving water in our daily life.
as引导的非限制性定语从句As we all know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to environmental pollution, the ever-increasing population and the improper use of water resources. Thus, we should do something to deal with it.
本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）、第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共100分，考试用时90分钟。请将答案涂写在答题卡和答题纸上，答在试卷上的无效。祝大家考试顺利！
第I卷
I.听力(省略)
II.单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.—Would you mind moving your bike?
—________ I’ll do it right away
A. Why not? B. Never mind.
C. Of course. D. Not in the least.
2.You’d better not phone our manager from three to four this afternoon; he ________ for a meeting then.
A. will be preparing B. will prepare
C. is preparing D. prepares
3.________ more information, you can log on to the website of our company or call 8858858.
A. To find out B. Finding out
C. Find out D. Having found out
4.My friend lives in Tianjin ________ is about an hour’s ride from his office.
A. which B. that
C. where D. who
5.A recent personal photograph must be ________ to your application form before you hand it in.
A. referred B. attached
C. connected D. tied
6.I plan to visit my family during the Spring Festival, but if I can’t get the train ticket, I still have an ________ plan.
A. enthusiastic B. alternative
C. awful D. anxious
7.What is known to us all is that no one, no matter who he is, can ________ the wheel of history.
A. hold on B. hold back
C. hold out D. hold up
8.________ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.
A. Although B. As long as
C. If only D. As
9.Food production is important but of ________ importance is taking care of the environment.
A. fair B. reasonable
C. equal D. proper
10.She tried to hide her feelings in front of the children, but the tears in her eyes gave her ________.
A. out B. away
C. off D. up
11.The reason ________ he failed to make himself understood was ________ he was not good at speech.
A. for which, because B. that, that
C. which, because D. why, that
12.My sister ________ my parents and I are proud was admitted to Peking University last autumn.
A. who B. that
C. of whom D. in whom
13.—Why did the toy dog stop barking?
—The battery must have ________.
A. used up B. run out
C. given up D. put out
14.Tom should not be sent to carry out the task for three reasons. ________, he hasn’t had enough experience.
A. For a start B. In other words
C. On the other hand D. At first
15.—$300, and that’s my last offer.
—OK. It is a ________.
A. charge B. price
C. cost D. deal
III.完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从41～60各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I shared one of the lifeboats with the chief engineer, Tom Fenton. I don't ___16___ the exact circumstances, but the storm continued into the second night. In some ___17___, we were able to avoid being ___18___ into the sea. Then as quickly as it had come, the ___19___ passed. The wind died down and the stormy sea became ___20___, the clouds drifted away, and the ___21___ came out in the clear sky above. We didn't know where we were or what would happen to us but it was a marvelous(令人惊异的) feeling, just being ___22___. At night the little boat ___23___ in the open sea while Tom and I ___24___ soundly. We were both exhausted. The next morning, I was ____25____ by brilliant sunshine. At first the bright sun made it impossible to see, but as my ____26____ became used to the light, I was able to look around. There was nothing but the deep blue ____27____ of the Pacific in all directions. The other lifeboats were gone.
____28____ the danger of the storm was over, I began to ____29____ our other problems. All our supplies were ____30____. We had no food, no fresh water, and we were somewhere in the South Pacific, ____31____ hundreds of miles from land. Perhaps we would drift here in the quiet ____32____ for weeks. It was a frightening thought. My ____33____ was still sleeping. I was about to ____34____ him up when I saw something in the distance. ____35____ away from the sun towards the west, I thought I saw the blue shape of land in the distance.
16. A. remember B. recognize C. doubt D. see
17. A. areas B. ways C. troubles D. cases
18. A. pulled B. carried C. thrown D. put
19. A. shadow B. cloud C. wind D. storm
20. A. quiet B. unusual C. rough D. deep
21. A. sun B. stars C. rainbow D. lightning
22. A. crazy B. bored C. sad D. alive
23. A. sank B. returned C. drifted D. appeared
24. A. slept B. talked C. played D. ate
25. A. shocked B. hurt C. awakened D. heated
26. A. body B. face C. ears D. eyes
27. A. shape B. water C. bank D. sky
28. A. Now that B. Although C. As if D. Unless
29. A. get around B. worry about C. work out D. give up
30. A. important B. ready C. gone D. broken
31. A. possibly B. successfully C. luckily D. mostly
32. A. forest B. island C. ocean D. river
33. A. wife B. doctor C. patient D. companion
34. A. ring B. wake C. dress D. bring
35. A. Keeping B. Turning C. Getting D. Looking
IV. 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
New Views is the National Theatre’s annual play writing programme for 14 - 19 year olds. Every year, hundreds of students from across the UK learn about play writing from the finest writers and write their own 30-minute plays. The online course is accessible to everyone, but participating schools and colleges have the unique benefits. This year we are working with 75 schools nationwide, giving up to 100 groups the opportunity to be a part of New Views. Any school or college can apply to participate in the programme.
Applications for New Views 2018 (September 2018-July 2019)
Time
Activity
Details
September
CPD
(teachers)
●visit the NT for training.
●establish writing groups in their schools or colleges.
October-March
TRAINING (students)
●follow our specially created online course.
●see NT productions--at the NT in London.
●take part in workshops with professional playwrights.
December-April
WRITING (students)
●write half-hour plays about the challenging, real-life issues that matter to them.
●stage rehearsed readings.
●submit plays to the NT for feedback.
July
NEW VIEWS FESTIVAL
(all)
● hold the annual New Views Festival.
● have the chance to see his/her play produced at the NT.
● attend rehearsed readings of their work if they have their plays shortlisted (列入候选名单).
The students taking part in New Views will have the unique and exciting opportunity to:
● Explore their talent and sharpen their approach to research, as well as their ability to develop and express ideas on key moral questions and dilemmas.
● Develop a sense of connection to the arts, a lifelong enthusiasm for theatre and an understanding of the power of theatre to engage audiences in serious debate.
●Develop their transferable(可转换的) skills for employment and further study including self-management, team working and communication, application of literacy(有读写能力), problem solving, independence and critical engagement with subject material.
How much does it cost to take part?
● State Schools: ￡300
● Independent Schools: ￡600
If you would like to register your interest in participating, please contact Andrew Pritchard, New Views Programme Coordinator: newviews@nationaltheatre.org.uk
36. The article is intended for _______.
A. schools and colleges B. parents and students
C. players and playwrights D. theaters and performances
37. In the training, professional playwrights will _______.
A. stage rehearsed readings with students
B. participate in annual New Views Festival
C. guide students’ play writing in the workshops
D. establish writing groups in schools or colleges
38. Students who enter this programme will _______.
A. become unique and independent
B. lead audiences into serious debate
C. improve literacy and learning ability
D. be able to organize a team of their own
B
Humans were designed to stand upright(直立). And yet in this modern world, too many of us spend our days with our heads lowered for a simple reason: we’re staring at the tiny screen of a smartphone.
People spend an average of 2 to 4 hours each day with their neck bent while shooting off emails or texts. That’s 700 to 1,400 hours a year. The success of social media has led to a rapid development of bad smartphone posture(姿势). That’s 700 to 1,400 hours a year. The success of social media has led to a rapid development of bad smartphone posture.
The average adult head weighs 10 to 12 pounds when it’s in the upright position. However, because of the gravity, bending your head at a mere 15 degree puts 27 pounds of pressure on your spine(脊椎); a 30 degree neck bend could equal 40 pounds of a pressure; a 45 degree bend adds the force of 49 pounds, according to research from Dr. Kenneth Hansraj from New York. These stresses may lead to many problems.
It’s no secret that correct posture is better for your back. According to the researchers, good posture is described as ears aligned(成一条直线) with the shoulders. In proper alignment, spinal stress disappeared. It is the best position for the spine. Standing tall doesn’t just make you look better; it improves your health, too. Other studies have found good posture has even been connected to ways of behaving. People who have poorer posture often have poorer physical and emotional(情绪上的) health.
The researchers describe bad posture as “the head in a forward position and the shoulders dropping forward in a rounded position”. Bad posture has been connected to many medical problems, including headaches and other problems, depression and heart disease. This is why Hansraj said it’s important to be mindful of your smartphone posture. While it is nearly impossible to avoid the technologies that cause these problems, people should make an effort to look at their phones with a correct posture.
39. Through the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 the author wants to show that _______.
A. the social media have its bad side
B. the social media have made a great success
C. people have to use social media unavoidably
D. more and more people are using smartphone
40. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. It’s healthy to bend your back regularly.
B. Your back is getting exercise as you bend it.
C. The average weight of an adult head always changes.
D. The more you bend your neck, the heavier the head becomes.
41. What is the correct posture?
A. Bend your head within 15 degree.
B. Raise and lower your head in turn.
C. Drop your head forward in a rounded position.
D. Keep the positions of the neck and shoulders in a line.
42. It can be learnt a correct posture can ________.
A. cure many diseases B. make one behave differently
C. cause no stress to the spine D. prevent one from gaining weight
C
A few years ago, my younger sister and I were the first to board our flight for Norfolk, Virginia. Just as we were about to board the plane, a mechanic came out of the aircraft and blocked the door with his arms. He turned to the flight attendant and hurriedly stated, “We got problems!”
I thought to myself, “Why did I have to be the one to hear that? Why couldn’t I have been at the back of the line? I didn’t need to know that!” Very soon we were back in the terminal, waiting, and then finally back on the plane. I waited for the pilot to give an explanation. Pilots take courses to ease passengers’ mind, right? They know what to say to calm nerves.
Unfortunately, I didn’t think this pilot took that course. Soon his voice thundered throughout the plane. “Sorry for the delay, ladies and gentlemen. We had no power on the plane. We have a generator on the ground right now, and we’re going to jump—start the engine. Once we get them going, we’ll get up in the air and head to Norfolk, and see what happens.”
See what happens? We were going to get up in the air, and see what happens? Couldn’t we have another plan, one that’s been worked out just a little better?
At this point, all I could do was to laugh nervously. One woman started yelling, “Oh no! We’re going to crash!” There were sighs of desperation and anxiety spreading throughout the cabin. Finally, we got up in the air thirty minutes later, and what happened? Nothing—other than thrust(推力) and lift. We arrived in Norfolk, and no sooner had the wheels touched the ground than a round of applause burst out, as everyone throughout the airplane breathed a sigh of relief at the same time.
Although, I did sincerely like to have a plan better than “see what happens” worked out when flying—it really isn’t such a bad life strategy. Success will never be guaranteed. The best thing you can do is just get up in the air, and see what happens. Sometimes adjustments would be made in the air, or shall we say, in the middle of the process.
43. The purpose of the text is to _______.
A. introduce a frightening flight experience
B. prove that taking a plane is dangerous
C. show a way of making plans
D. tell readers a life strategy
44. What event was beyond the author’s expectation?
A. The mechanic explained the problems to the passengers.
B. The pilot said nothing to calm the passengers.
C. The passengers arrived in Norfolk safely.
D. The flight was delayed for half an hour.
45. Having known the problems, many passengers _______.
A. complained about the mechanic’s carelessness
B. stood up and started yelling
C. waited calmly for the problems to be solved
D. felt hopeless and anxious
46. Which opinion would the author most probably hold?
A. To ensure success, don’t get started before you’ve got everything ready
B. To avoid repeating failure, give yourself all the reasons why you can’t.
C. To set up a business, don’t wait until you have everything you need.
D. To achieve success, try to prepare for the worst.
D
Children used to be able to play freely, exploring and interacting with the natural world with little or no supervision(监督) by adults. They were free to invent games of their own. Nowadays, however, we control the lives of our children much more, giving them fewer chances for free play. Many children in England used to spend hours playing on their bikes, having all sorts of adventures, but this is now considered too dangerous. Some working families can't care for their children after school, so the children have to stay indoors or attend supervised after-school activities.
The result is that some children have little time for play any more and when they do it's often spent in front of the television or computer. In the past, children in Brazil played a game which involves spinning (旋转) a large seed with a hole in it to create a scream-like noise. They rarely play this game nowadays.
Studies show that outdoor environments help all people by reducing stress and creating a general feeling of well-being. When children play in the open air, they are more likely to have positive feelings about each other.
Outdoor environments are also important for children's development of independence. When playing outside, children can gradually increase the distance from adults. Adults are then more willing to trust their children, an important element in confidence-building which improves the relationship between child and parent.
Outdoors, children have more chances to use all their senses. They have greater freedom not only to run and shout, but also to interact with the environment. Activities which may not be allowed indoors are perfectly acceptable outdoors; children are free to play messy games out in the open air that just wouldn't be permitted in the home.
Children experience the natural environment differently from adults. Adults typically see nature as background to what they are doing, while for children it is a hands-on experience. The expensive toys and indoor educational games cannot substitute for the experience of direct interaction with nature. They cannot replace the sensation where a child's attention is suddenly caught by the sunlight through leaves or the gentle noise of water flowing by.
47. The author mentions a Brazilian game to show that _______.
A. it was common for children to invent games in the past
B. TV and computer are more popular than outdoor games
C. Brazilian children used to play outdoor games
D. children seldom play outdoors nowadays
48. How do adults react when their children become more independent?
A. They don't control the lives of their children anymore.
B. They have more confidence in their children.
C. They want their children to stay indoors.
D. They experience less stress.
49. The underlined part “substitute for” in the last paragraph can be replaced by _______.
A. take the place of B. be based on
C. be used as D. get through
50. The author's purpose in writing the text is to _______.
A. introduce some outdoor games
B. present a study on outdoor play
C. encourage people to interact more with nature
D. advise parents to let children play outdoors more
第 II 卷
V. 单词填空 （共 10 小题，每空仅限填一词；每空 1 分，满分 10 分）
根据所给的首字母和中文写出所缺单词的完整形式，注意有的需要词形变化。
51. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and __________(秩序) in society.
52. She was found alive but __________ (不省人事) lying in the corner.
53. Trains are fast and ____________ (方便), but rush hours can be terrible.
54. The university provides some students __________ (住宿) on campus.
55. No smoking will be allowed within a future city’s ___________ (范围).
56. Picasso’s work was i____________ on many other painters in the 20th century.
57. Greetings in Asian countries do not i____________ touching the other person.
58. The country has always relied on coal and other natural r_________.
59. The dam will g________electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.
60. You will be attending the conference the whole morning, but in the afternoon you’ll be free to e_____________ this charming city on your own.
VI. 书面表达（共 1 小题，满分 15 分）
61.假设你是李华，你讲参加主题为“Global Water Shortage”的英语演讲比赛。请写一份演讲稿，主要内容如下：
1. 全球水资源短缺情况严峻；
2. 水资源短缺的原因（环境污染、人口增长等）；
3. 应对措施（科学的储存未来用水、开发现有水资源使用新方式、节约用水等）。
注意：1. 词数不少于 100；2. 可以适当添加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾以为你写好。
参考用词：资源 resources
Good morning, everyone, I am Li Hua. It’s my great honor to speak here.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
答案与解析
1【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你介意挪一下你的自行车吗？——一点也不，我立刻去挪。A. Why not?为什么不呢？B. Never mind.没关系。C. Of course.当然；D. Not in the least.一点也不。根据后文I’ll do it right away可知，一点也不介意，故选D。
2【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：今天下午三点到四点，你最好不要给我们经理打电话，他那个时候正在开会。根据句意可知，from three to four this afternoon指将来的时间段，在将来的某个时间经理正在开会，故用将来进行时，故选A项。
【点睛】将来进行时的用法。
将来进行时（The Future Continuous）表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段内将要发生的动作。将来进行时由“shall/will + be动词 + 现在分词”构成。shall用于第一人称，will用于各种人称。
1.表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段内将要发生的动作。一般只用于动态动词，不能用于静态动词：
She'll be leaving at about seven.她将在7点钟离开。
I'll be waiting for you at the gate.我将在大门口等你。
Be sure to come. We'll be expecting you.一定要来，我们要等你的。
2.表示将来某一段时间内持续发生的动作
I shall be staying here about a week.我将在这里住一星期左右。
He will be working in Geneva during the summer vacation.暑假期间他将在日内瓦工作。
We'll be using this book next term.我们下学期将用这本书。
3.用于现代英语口语中，表示“纯粹”的将来该时态比一般将来时显得语气委婉：
When will you be visiting us again? 你什么时候再来拜访 我们? （比较委婉）
When will you visit us again? （一般说法）
3【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要找更多的信息，你可以登陆我们网站或者拨打8858858。分析句子可知，空格作非谓语，表示目的，故用不定式，故选A项。
4【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我朋友住在天津，离他上班的地方大概一个小时的车程。分析句子可知，________ is about an hour’s ride from his office为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tianjin，从句缺乏谓语，故用关系代词which，故选A。由于是非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。
【点睛】非限制性定语从句中，关系词不能使用that和why，这是需要注意的。
5【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：交申请表的时候，必须要粘贴上一张个人近照。A. referred参考；B. attached粘贴，附属；C. connected联系；D. tied系。根据句意可知，把照片粘贴在申请表上，故用短语be attached to(被粘贴在)，故选B。
6【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我计划春节期间回家。但是如果我买不到火车票，我还有其他的计划。A. enthusiastic热情的；B. alternative替代性的；C. awful可怕的；D. anxious着急的。根据语境可知，买不到火车票的话，还有其他的办法，故选B项。
7【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：众所周知，无论是谁，都无法阻挡历史的车轮。A. hold on坚持，别挂断；B. hold back阻止；C. hold out伸出；D. hold up举起。根据语境可知，是阻止历史的步伐，故选B项。
【点睛】hold的短语汇总。
hold against 归咎于；责怪
hold back 阻止 (= keep back) ；抑制（情感、情绪） (= hold in, keep back) ；阻碍发展 (= keep back) ；退缩不前 (= hang back, hang behind) ；保密；隐瞒
hold down 保有（一份工作） ；压抑；压低；控制
hold forth 长篇大论地讲，滔滔不绝地讲
hold off保持距离；不接近 ；拖延；延期 (= put off) ；使离开；延缓到 (= keep off)
hold on （打电话时用语）请等一下，不要挂上 ；坚持 = hold out
hold out 给予；提供 ；支持；继续 ；坚持；忍耐 (= hang on, hold on) ；伸出
hold out for 坚持要求 (= stick out for)
hold out on 隐瞒 扣压不复
hold over 延迟；延期 ；期满后继续上映 ；威胁；勒索
hold to 坚持；遵循
hold up 使停滞 ；拦路抢劫 ；举起展示；提出（作榜样）
hold with 同意，赞成
8【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：即使警方认为他是最有可能的那个人，既然他们没有确切的证据，就不能逮捕他。A. Although尽管；B. As long as只要；C. If only要是……；D. As尽管。分析前后句可知，属于让步关系，而as作为“尽管”讲，引导的从句需把表语或者状语前置，故选A项。
9【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：粮食产量很重要，但是保护环境同等重要。A. fair公平的；B. reasonable合理的；C. equal相等的；D. proper适合的。根据转折连词but可知，保护环境同等重要。of importance is taking care of the environment为完全倒装句，主语为taking care of the environment。故选C项。
10【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她努力在孩子面前隐藏自己的情绪，但是眼睛里的泪水暴露了她。give out释放，分发；give away暴露，泄露；give off释放；give up放弃。根据语境，故选B项。
【点睛】give短语汇总。
give oneself （为...）献身 give up 放弃；交出 give out 分发,发出；公布,发表；用尽,精疲力竭 give in v.屈服；让步；交上 give aid to 给…予帮助 give or take 增减……而无大变化；允许有小误差 give one's attention to v.注意 give attention to 考虑；注意；关心 give away 放弃；泄露；分发；出卖 give off 发出（光等）；长出（枝、杈等） give it a try 试一试 give it up 放弃；鼓掌欢迎 give me a hand 帮我一下 give in投降,屈服.
11【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他没有让别人明白他的意思的原因是他不擅长演讲。本句为句型the reason why…is that………的原因是……。第一空why引导定语从句，表示“为什么”；第二空that引导表语从句，解释原因。故选D项。
12【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我姐姐去年秋天被北京大学录取了，这让我和我的父母很骄傲。分析句子可知，________ my parents and I are proud为定语从句，修饰先行词my sister，从句中为短语be proud of，故用介词“of+关系代词”的结构，故选C。
【点睛】介词+关系代词的用法。
对于“介词+关系代词”结构的使用，重点是要弄清其中的介词如何确定和判断。归纳起来，有以下几点方法：
1. 根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。 如： Water is the natural medium in which fish live. 水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。(注意搭配live in)
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。(注意搭配search for)
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。(注意搭配argue about)
注意，对于那些由动词与介词构成的短语动词，通常不宜将它们拆开使用，此时应注意介词的位置应。如： The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.
2. 根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。 如：
Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested. 历史是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。(注意搭配be interested in)
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他我要去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。(注意搭配be familiar with)
3. 根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。 如：
This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk. 这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。(注意搭配in the front of our classroom)
I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。(注意搭配on the day)
4. 根据句意来确定介词的使用。 如：
This is the book from which I got the story. 这就是那本书，从中我读到这个故事。(由于句意含有“从……”的意思，所以用介词from)
This I did at nine o’clock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九点钟时我做这事，之后我坐着看报。(由于句意含有“在……之后”的意思，所以用介词after)
13【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——为什么玩具狗不叫了？——电池肯定没电了。A. used up用完；B. run out用完；C. given up放弃；D. put out扑灭，熄灭。use up为及物动词短语，而run out为不及物动词短语，分析句子可知，本句需用不及物动词短语，故选B项。
14【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Tom不应该被派去做这个任务有三个原因。第一，他经验不足。A. For a start首先，起初；B. In other words换句话说；C. On the other hand另一方面；D. At first最初。分析句子可知，陈述第一个原因，故用For a start。而at first表示时间上的起先，故不选，故选A项。
15【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——300美元，这是我最后的报价。——好的，成交。A. charge要价；B. price价格；C. cost花费，费用；D. deal交易。It is a deal.意为“成交”，是固定表达。故选D项。
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者和Fenton在大海中漂流，毫无目的，也没有援助的可能，最后却突然发现有陆地的影子。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. remember记得；B. recognize认出；C. doubt怀疑；D. see看见，明白。根据文章语境可知，是我回忆的一次经历，所以推断本句话意思是“我记不清楚具体的情形”，故选A。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. areas区域；B. ways方法，方面；C. troubles麻烦；D. cases案例。暴风雨持续到第二天晚上，从某方面来说，我们能够免于被卷入大海，故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. pulled拉；B. carried搬运；C. thrown扔；D. put放置。暴风雨持续到第二天晚上，从某方面来说，我们能够免于被卷入大海，故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. shadow阴影；B. cloud云；C. wind风；D. storm风暴。由the?storm?continued?into?the?second?night可知，“正如它来得快一样，暴风雨过去了。”，故选D。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. quiet安静的，平静的；B. unusual不同寻常的；C. rough粗糙的；D. deep深的。从The wind died down可知，暴风雨过后，汹涌的大海变得“平静下来”，故选A。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. sun太阳；B. stars星星；C. rainbow彩虹；D. lightning闪电。从句子All?night?the?little?boat___?8__?in?the?open?sea可以看出，描写的是夜晚的事情，所以推断“乌云散尽，星星出现了”，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. crazy疯狂的；B. bored厌倦的；C. sad悲伤的；D. alive活着的。在波涛汹涌的大海中我与Tom同乘一个救生艇，不知道在哪儿，也不知道会发生什么事，所以推断“只是感到还活着”，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. sank下沉；B. returned回归；C. drifted漂流；D. appeared出现，好像。“整晚漂泊在大海中”，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. slept睡觉；B. talked交谈；C. played玩；D. ate吃。由后文We were both exhausted. The next morning I was awakened by brilliant sunshine可知，我们非常疲惫，睡着了，而且睡得很沉，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. shocked使震惊；B. hurt伤害；C. awakened醒来；D. heated加热。由本句的by brilliant sunshine可知，被明媚的阳光唤醒，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. body身体；B. face脸；C. ears耳朵；D. eyes眼睛。由句子“当我的眼睛适应了光，我能够向四周望去”，推测“起初耀眼的阳光使得我无法看清”，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. shape形状；B. water水；C. bank岸边；D. sky天空。我们漂泊在太平洋中，所以能看到的只有太平洋中的蓝色水域，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。A. Now that既然；B. Although尽管；C. As if好像；D. Unless除非。根据意思，由于暴风雨的危险已经过去，所以我开始为其他事情担忧，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. get around四处走动；B. worry about担忧；C. work out锻炼；D. give up放弃。由后文可知，“吃的没有了，所以为此担忧”，也就是开始为别的事情担忧，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. important重要的；B. ready准备好的；C. gone消失了的；D. broken坏了的。由We?had?no?food?，no?fresh?water可知，我们的事物供应中断了，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. possibly可能地；B. successfully成功地；C. luckily幸运地；D. mostly差不多。由句子we?were?somewhere?in?the?South?Pacific可知，作者不能准确猜测目前的位置，所以判断与陆地的距离只是一种猜测，也就是一种可能的距离，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. forest森林；B. island岛屿；C. ocean海洋；D. river河流。由There?was?nothing?but?the?deep?blue___?12__?of?the?Pacific?in?all?directions?可知，“目前我们还在太平洋，可能会在这漂泊几个星期”，故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. wife妻子；B. doctor医生；C. patient病人；D. companion伙伴。由I?shared?one?of?the?lifeboats?with?the?chief?engineer,?Tom?Fenton可知，“我”与Tom Fenton在一起，所以称他为“同伴”，故选D。
34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. ring打电话；B. wake唤醒；C. dress给穿衣；D. bring带来。由句子My_?18_?was?still?sleeping可知，“我”想唤醒他，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. Keeping保持；B. Turning转向；C. Getting获得；D. Looking看。能看到远方陆地的蓝色轮廓，是遥望的结果，所以用looking，故选D。
【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了New Views为学生准备的年度戏剧写作计划和举办的竞赛。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Any school or college can apply to participate in the programme.可知，任何学校和大学都可以申请参加这个项目，故可知本文主要针对的是学校和大学，故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中training部分中take part in workshops with professional playwrights.可知，参与者可以同专业剧作家一起参与写作项目，故可知专业剧作家可以指导参赛人员，故选C。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段This year we are working with 75 schools nationwide, giving up to 100 groups the opportunity to be a part of New Views.可知，今年，与全国75所学校合作，给多达100个小组机会成为New Views的一员，故可知进入比赛的学生可以组建自己的团队，故选D。
【答案】39. A 40. D 41. D 42. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了现代社会，由于人们长时间盯着手机屏幕，给健康埋下了隐患，并且指出你的脖子弯曲的越厉害，你的头对脊椎的压力就越大，正确的姿势是让耳朵和肩膀成一条直线，这样头对脊柱的压力就会消失
【39题详解】
推理判断题。由These stresses may lead to many problems.可推断出，通过这个句子The success of social media has led to a rapid development of bad smart phone posture.作者想要说明社交媒体有它不好的一面，导致手机不良姿势的快速发展。故选A。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。由第三段中The average adult head weighs 10 to 12 pounds when it’s in the upright position. However, because of the gravity, bending your head at a mere 15 degree puts 27 pounds of pressure on your spine(脊椎); a 30 degree neck bend could equal(等于) 40 pounds of pressure; a 45 degree bend adds the force of 49 pounds可推断出，脖子弯曲的越厉害，你的头就会变得越重，故选D。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段According to the researchers, good posture is described as ears aligned(成一条直线) with the shoulders.可知，正确的姿势是让耳朵和肩膀成一条直线，故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段According to the researchers, good posture is described as ears aligned(成一条直线) with the shoulders. In proper alignment, spinal stress disappeared. It is the best position for the spine.可知，好的姿势就是肩膀与耳朵成一条直线，这样的话，头对脊柱的压力就会消失，这是对脊柱最好的姿势，故选C。
【答案】43. D 44. B 45. D 46. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者在一次乘坐飞机的经历中，当时虽然飞机只有一个发动机发电，飞行员仍计划起飞，结果一切依然顺利。由此作者认为，在我们的生活中，有时需要在没有十足把握的情况下采取行动，这样才有可能成功。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段Success will never be guaranteed. The best thing you can do is just get up in the air, and see what happens. Sometimes adjustments would be made in the air, or shall we say, in the middle of the process.可知，作者通过描述自己的经历来说明一个道理，成功无法保证。能够做的最好的事情就是起飞，随机行事，有时候可以在半途做调整，故选D。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段以及第三段Pilots take courses to ease passengers’ mind, right? They know what to say to calm nerves. Unfortunately, I didn’t think this pilot took that course.可知，飞行员有专门的课程来缓解乘客的紧张的，他们应该知道说什么来让乘客安静，但是不幸地是，我认为这个飞行员没有上过这个课程，所以推断这个飞行员没有安抚乘客的紧张，故选B。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段There were sighs of desperation and anxiety spreading throughout the cabin.可知，机舱里弥漫着绝望和焦虑的叹息声，故可知乘客们感到绝望和焦虑，故选D。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Success will never be guaranteed. The best thing you can do is just get up in the air, and see what happens. Sometimes adjustments would be made in the air, or shall we say, in the middle of the process.可知，作者通过描述自己的经历来说明一个道理，成功无法保证。能够做的最好的事情就是起飞，随机行事，有时候可以在半途做调整，故C选项，要想成功一件事情，不必等到所有的事情都准备好了才开始，符合作者阐明的观点，故选C。
【点睛】细节理解题
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。经常有新技术对将来人们工作和生活不良影响的预测，但事实证明结果并不是那样，我们有必要否定预测，以减少人们的恐惧。
2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。
比如小题3，根据倒数第二段There were sighs of desperation and anxiety spreading throughout the cabin.可知，机舱里弥漫着绝望和焦虑的叹息声，故可知乘客们感到很失望，故选D。
【答案】47. D 48. B 49. A 50. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文，介绍现在的孩子几乎没有机会进行户外活动以及户外活动对孩子的好处。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段In the past, children in Brazil played a game which involves spinning (旋转) a large seed with a hole in it to create a scream-like noise. They rarely play this game nowadays.可知，过去巴西儿童玩一个游戏，这个游戏里，在一个洞里旋转一个大的种子来制造像噪音一样的尖锐的声音，但是如今他们几乎不玩了，故可知，作者举例是为了说明如今的孩子很少进行户外活动，故选D。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段Adults are then more willing to trust their children, an important element in confidence-building which improves the relationship between child and parent.可知，成年人会更愿意信任孩子，这是树立信心的重要因素之一，而这种信心会改善父母与子女之间关系，故可知，当孩子更独立的时候，父母往往会对孩子更有信心，故选B。
【49题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段They cannot replace the sensation where a child's attention is suddenly caught by the sunlight through leaves or the gentle noise of water flowing by.可知，昂贵玩具和游戏无法替代这种感官快感，透过树叶的太阳光以及流水声给孩子的感官快感，分析句子可知，这两句都是结构一致，故可知substitute for为replace的意思，都为“替代”的意思，故选A。
【50题详解】
主旨大意题。本文介绍现在的孩子几乎没有机会进行户外活动以及户外活动对孩子的好处，因此建议父母能够给孩子更多的户外活动的机会，故选D。
【点睛】词义猜测题
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为
① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。
②逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
② 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。
③ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。比如小题3，根据最后一段They cannot replace the sensation where a child's attention is suddenly caught by the sunlight through leaves or the gentle noise of water flowing by.可知，昂贵的玩具和游戏无法替代这种感官快感，透过树叶的太阳光以及流水声给孩子的感官快感，分析句子可知，这两句都是结构一致，故可知substitute for为replace的意思，故选A。take the place of 替代。
⑤指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
【答案】51. order
52. unconscious
53. convenient
54. accommodation
55. limits 56. influential
57. involve
58. resources
59. generate
60. explore
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查名词。句意：他强调社会中善良、责任和秩序的重要性。分析句子可知，本句缺乏名词，根据汉语提示，故填order。
【52题详解】
考查形容词。句意：人们找到她的时候，她还活着，但是不省人事地躺在角落里。分析句子可知，本句缺乏形容词，根据汉语提示，故填unconscious。
【53题详解】
考查形容词。句意：列车方便快捷，但是高峰期时候拥挤得可怕。分析句子可知，本句缺乏形容词，根据汉语提示，故用convenient。
【54题详解】
考查名词。句意：这所大学为一些学生在校园里提供住宿。分析句子可知，本句缺乏名词，根据汉语提示，故用accommodation。
【55题详解】
考查名词。句意：在未来，城市范围内是不允许吸烟的。分析句子可知，本句缺乏名词，根据汉语提示，用limit，作“范围”讲，常用复数形式，故用limits。
【56题详解】
考查形容词。句意：毕加索的作品对20世纪其他很多画家都有影响。分析句子可知，本句缺乏形容词作表语，根据汉语提示，故用influential。
【57题详解】
考查动词。句意：在亚洲，打招呼通常不触摸别人。分析句子可知，本句缺乏动词，根据首字母提示及句意，故用involve。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个国家总是依赖煤炭和其他自然资源。分析句子可知，本句缺乏名词，根据首字母提示及句意，用resource，自然资源有很多种，需用复数形式，故用resources。
【59题详解】
考查动词。句意：这座大坝发的电相当于4000万吨煤炭的发电，又不会造成空气污染。分析句子可知，本句缺乏动词，根据首字母提示及句意，will后接动词原形，故用generate。
【60题详解】
考查动词。句意：整个早上，你要参加会议，但是下午，你可以一个人自由参观这个有魅力的城市。分析句子可知，本句缺乏动词，根据首字母提示及句意，不定式to后接动词原形，故用explore。
61【答案】Good morning, everyone,
I am Li Hua. It’s my great honor to speak here. As we all know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to environmental pollution, the ever-increasing population and the improper use of water resources. Thus, we should do something to deal with it.
First, we should store water in a scientific way for future use. Second, we should develop some new ways to use the existing water resources, such as turning sea water into fresh water. Third, it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water, like recycling and saving water in our daily life.
In conclusion, people around the world should protect water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.
That’s all. Thank you.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一篇演讲稿。
【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一篇演讲稿，时态应为一般现在时。关键要点如下：①全球水资源短缺情况严峻；②水资源短缺的原因（环境污染、人口增长等）；③应对措施（科学的储存未来用水、开发现有水资源使用新方式、节约用水等）。
第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，如： global water shortage（全球水资源短缺），environmental pollution（环境污染），improper use of water resources（不恰当使用水资源），recycling and saving water（节约并循环利用水资源等。
第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。
【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合演讲稿的要求，其中不乏亮点句型。
it作形式主语Third, it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water, like recycling and saving water in our daily life.
as引导的非限制性定语从句As we all know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to environmental pollution, the ever-increasing population and the improper use of water resources. Thus, we should do something to deal with it.
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