Module 6 The World's Cultural Heritage
The Taj Mahal is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and the finest example of the late style of Indian architecture. It is at Agra in northern India. It lies beside the River Jumna in the middle of gardens with quiet pools.
The Taj Mahal was built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jehan, who ruled India in the seventeenth century. It is in memory of his favourite wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631. The building, which was completed between 1632 and 1638, was designed by a local Muslim architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori. The whole building, with gardens and gateway structures, was completed in 1643. The Taj Mahal stands at one end of the garden tomb with marble path. The room is softly lighted by the light that passes through double screens of carved marble set high in the walls. The building now is kept in good condition.
The Taj Mahal took 22 years to build. Shah Jehan planned a similar building, but in black instead of white, to lie on the other side of the river. But before it could be built, Shah Jehan was imprisoned by his son and buried next to his wife in the Taj Mahal.
Section ⅠIntroduction & Reading — Pre?reading
[原文呈现][读文清障]
Part 1
The Amazing①Caves of Zhoukoudian
Zhoukoudian is a small village about 50 kilometres south?west of Beijing. In the 1920s②， archaeologists③ discovered some prehistoric④ human bones there which changed China's knowledge⑤ of its history⑥. They came from an unknown species⑦ of man and were the first evidence⑧ of primitive⑨ human life in China thousands of years ago. The remains⑩ were ... three teeth!
In 1929, a complete skull? was also discovered. Eventually?， archaeologists found almost 200 items?， including? six skulls and more than? 150 teeth. These discoveries? proved the existence? of a human species who lived in the area? between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago.
Four sites where Beijing Man and his relations? lived? were discovered on the northern face of Dragon Bone Hill (Longgushan). They lived in the limestone caves in the area.
①amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
②in the 1920s＝in the 1920's
③archaeologist/?ɑ?ki'?l?d?Ist/ n．考古学家
④prehistoric/?pri?hI'st?rIk/ adj.史前的；有历史记载以前的
prehistory n．[U]史前时期
⑤knowledge n．[U]知晓，了解
⑥which引导定语从句，代指上文提到的事情。
⑦species n．物种，种 ⑧evidence n．证据
⑨primitive/'prIm?tIv/ adj.(人类或动植物)原始的，原生的
⑩remains/rI'meInz/ n．遗迹；遗体
?skull/sk?l/ n．头颅，颅骨 ?eventually adv.最后，终于
?item/'aIt?m/ n．(一)件
?including prep.包括 including A＝A included
?more than超过，多于 ?discovery n．发现
?existence/Iɡ'zIst?ns/ n．存在
come into existence/being 产生，出现
?who引导定语从句，修饰“a human species”。
?relation/rI'leI?n/ n．亲属；亲戚
?where引导定语从句，修饰“four sites”。
on the northern face of在……北面
limestone/'laIm?st??n/ n．石灰石
第一部分
惊人的周口店山顶洞
[第1～3段译文]
周口店是位于北京西南约50千米的一个小村庄。20世纪20年代，考古学家在那里发现了一些史前人类的遗骨，这一发现改变了人们对中国历史的认识。它们是一类未知人种的遗骨，是许多年前原始人生活在中国的第一证据。发现的遗留物是……三颗牙齿！
1929年，一个完整的头盖骨又被发掘出来。最后，考古学家发现了近200件遗留物，包括6个头盖骨和150多颗牙齿。这些发现证明：在七十万到二十万年前就有人类生活在该地区。
人们在龙骨山的北坡发现了北京人及其近亲居住过的四处遗址。他们生活在该地区的石灰岩洞中。
However, the life span of Beijing Man was short. About 70% of the people probably died before the age of 14. Fewer than 5% lived to the age of 50. Even so， they were quite sophisticated. Ashes were found alongside the fossils which showed they used fire for cooking food and also for light, warmth and protection from wild beasts. This is the earliest evidence of the use of fire anywhere in the world. They also made tools of bones and sharpened stones. Unfortunately, when Japan invaded China in 1937, excavations at the Beijing Man Site stopped and most of the fossils disappeared, including a Beijing Man skull. They have never been found. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, the work started again and Zhoukoudian became an important tourist attraction.
Zhoukoudian was listed as a world heritage site in December 1987. It has not only given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also has provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution.
span/sp?n/ n．时距；期间
fewer than低于，少于
live to the age of活到……岁
even so尽管如此
sophisticated adj.精密的，水平高的，复杂巧妙的
fossil/'f?sl/ n．化石
use ... for doing ...用……来做……
protection n．保护
protect ...from ...保护……免受……
beast/bi?st/ n．野兽
make A of/from B 由B制成A
A be made of/from B A由B制成
sharpen/'?ɑ?p?n/ v．使变锋利 invade v．侵略，侵犯
excavation/?eksk?'veI?n/ n．发掘 establish v．成立
tourist attraction旅游景点
attraction此处是可数名词，意为“向往的地方”。
list/lIst/ v．(按某次序)把……列表，列清单
be listed as 被列为 heritage n．遗产
not only ... but also ...不但……而且……
provide v．提供 evolution/?i?v?'lu??n/ n．进化；演变
[第4～5段译文]
然而，北京人的寿命很短。约70%的北京人可能都活不到14岁。活到50岁的人不到5%。尽管如此，北京人进化程度已经很高。跟化石一起被发现的灰烬表明他们用火来做饭、照明、取暖和抵御野兽。这是世界上使用火种的最早证据。他们还用骨头和尖石做工具。不幸的是，1937年日本侵华时，北京人遗址的挖掘工作被迫中断，大多数化石不翼而飞，其中包括一个北京人头盖骨。它们至今下落不明。1949年中华人民共和国成立之后，挖掘工作重新开始，周口店成了重要的旅游景区。
1987年12月，周口店被列为世界文化遗产。它不仅为我们提供了史前亚洲社会的重要信息，还为我们提供了人类进化历程中惊人的证据。
Part 2
Beijing Man Heritage Site in Danger
The Zhoukoudian Beijing Man Site is one of the most important world heritage sites in China. Since the discovery was made in the 1920s, Zhoukoudian has become an important place for archaeologists from all over the world. At the site in the south?west suburb of Beijing, there is, for example, the earliest evidence of the use of fire by humans. It has also been proved that people lived there continuously between 500,000 and 10,000 years ago.
Today, however, Zhoukoudian is in serious danger. Parts of the cave have been badly affected by rain and exposure to the air. Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds， causing serious damage. Pollution from nearby cement factories has also contributed to the problem.
The site is extremely expensive to maintain and it will cost between three and five million yuan to repair it. At the moment， visitors are not allowed to visit the caves.,in danger处于危险中
be dangerous指对别人构成威胁。
make discoveries发现
suburb n．郊区
continuously adv.不断地，持续地
It has also been proved that ...也已证明……。it是形式主语，不能用其他词代替。that从句是真正主语。
exposure/Ik'sp????/ n．暴露；显露(常与to连用)
(be) exposed to暴露于；接触
weed/wi?d/ n．野草；杂草
现在分词短语作结果状语。
cement/s?'ment/ n．水泥
contribute/k?n'trIbju?t/ v．促成 后接介词to。
make a contribution to对……作贡献
extremely adv.极其
maintain/meIn'teIn/ v．保持；维持；保养
at the moment此刻
be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事
第二部分
面临危险的北京人遗址
[第1～3段译文]
周口店北京人遗址是中国最重要的世界遗址之一。自从20世纪20年代被发现以来，周口店对全世界考古学家来说已经成了一个重要的地方。比如说，在北京西南郊区的遗址处，有着人类使用火种的最早证据。也已证明五十万到一万年前，那里一直有人类生存。
然而，今日的周口店面临着巨大的危险。部分山洞因受到雨水的侵蚀和空气接触，损坏严重。一些地方杂草丛生，破败不堪。附近水泥厂产生的污染对此也难辞其咎。
维护遗址需要高昂的费用，修复费用在300万到500万元之间。目前，已经禁止游客参观这些山洞。
Zhoukoudian is on the World Cultural Heritage List， organised by UNESCO， the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The list is constantly checked. Any site which is seriously damaged or which is not properly protected is an endangered heritage, and UNESCO is very quick to do something about situations like this. They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired. If nothing is done to repair it, it could be removed from the list.
This is a very serious matter and the Chinese Academy of Sciences is trying to raise public awareness about it. They have suggested that the general public be encouraged to help with the problem. A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund be established to raise money.
Dr Zhu Ming of the Academy said, “We have requested that the government get involved， but we also need assistance from ordinary people. They can help by contributing to the cost of repairing the caves. They are a precious part of our cultural heritage — it is of vital importance that we do something. If not, it will be a catastrophe.”
on the list在名单上
过去分词短语“organised by UNESCO”作后置定语。
constantly adv.一直 properly adv.正确地
两个which引导定语从句，修饰site。
endangered/In'deInd??d/ adj.濒危的
be quick to do及时做，快速做
situation n．情况，状况 recommend/?rek?'mend/ v．建议
recommend后接that从句，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
remove from从……中除掉 raise v．增加，提高
awareness/?'we?n?s/ n．意识；认识；感悟能力
raise awareness about 加强对……的意识
be encouraged to do被鼓励做
suggest表示“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气。
propose/pr?'p??z/ v．建议；提议
fund/f?nd/ n．基金；专款 raise money集资
request后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气。
get involved参与
be/get involved in ...卷入……；涉及……
assistance/?'sIst?ns/ n．帮助，援助
with the assistance/help of在……的帮助下
come to one's assistance来帮助某人
precious/'pre??s/ adj.宝贵的；珍贵的；贵重的
of vital importance＝very important至关重要
that we do something用了虚拟语气，should被省略。
catastrophe/k?'t?str?fi/ n．毁灭性的大灾难
[第4～6段译文]
周口店已被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产的名单。名单上的各处遗产需要经常接受检查。任何被严重破坏或保护不当的遗产都是濒危遗产，像这种情况，联合国教科文组织会立刻采取行动。该组织已经提议关闭这个遗址并进行修复。若不进行修复，这个遗址就有可能被除名。
形势相当严峻，中国科学院正在努力唤醒国民的(保护)意识。他们建议鼓励公众来帮助解决这一问题。中科院的一位教授提议设立基金会来募集资金。
中科院的朱明博士说：“我们已经要求政府参与，但我们同样需要普通大众的协助。他们可以通过捐款修复山洞的方式作出贡献。它们是我们文化遗产中极其宝贵的部分——因此，我们采取行动就显得尤其重要。否则就会造成灾难性的后果。”
Pre?reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．preserve A．to make sth.continue in the same way
2．maintain B．to advise sb. to do sth.
3．recommend C．the action of asking for sth. formally and politely
4．propose D．rare and worth a lot of money
5．precious E．to keep sth.in its original state in good condition
6．estimate F．to suggest a plan, an idea, etc. for people to think about and decide on
7．request G．a judgement of the qualities of something or somebody
1～5 6～7
答案：1～5 EABFD 6～7 GC
Lead?in
(Ⅰ)Match the Chinese Cultural Heritage with the following pictures.
A．The Longmen Grottoes
B．Terracotta Warriors and Horses
C．The Great Wall
D．The Summer Palace
E．The Potala Palace
F．The Forbidden City
(Ⅱ)
Have you heard of Beijing Man? How much do you know about them?
参考答案：Yes.The life span of Beijing Man was short. Even so, they were quite sophisticated. They used fire for cooking food and also for light, warmth and protection from wild beasts. They also made tools of bones and sharpened stones.
While?reading
Fast?reading
Read the text quickly and answer the following questions.
1．Why do you think the Beijing Man Site is “in danger”？
Because pollution, exposure to air, rain and weeds are destroying the site.
2．How important is it to repair the Zhoukoudian Beijing Man Site?
It is vital, because the site is of international importance.
Careful?reading
(Ⅰ)Read the text again and choose the best answers.
1．Which of the following sentences is NOT true about Zhoukoudian?
A．It's a small village about 50 kilometres south?west of Beijing.
B．Archaeologists discovered some prehistoric human bones there in 1920.
C．It was listed as a world heritage site in December 1987.
D．A human species once lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago.
2．The life span of Beijing Man was short and .
A．about 70% of the people probably died before the age of 14
B．fewer than 5% lived to the age of 60
C．most of the people were killed by the fierce animals
D．the people couldn't cook their food or protect themselves from wild animals by using fire
3．Zhoukoudian was listed as a world heritage site in December 1987 because .
A．six skulls and more than 150 teeth were found there
B．it was the earliest evidence of the use of fire anywhere in the world
C．it became an important tourist attraction after 1949
D．it has not only given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also has provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution
4．From the passage we can infer that .
A．both the government and the ordinary people can help preserve the site
B．Zhoukoudian is in danger
C．Zhoukoudian has been an important place for archaeologists from all over the world
D．if nothing is done to repair it, Zhoukoudian could be removed from the list
答案：1～4 BADA
(Ⅱ)Read the text carefully and fill in the chart.
The Amazing Caves of Zhoukoudian
In the 1920s Archaeologists discovered some 1.prehistoric human bones, which came from an unknown 2.species of man and were the first evidence of 3.primitive human life in China.
In 1929 A complete skull was discovered and 4.almost 200 items were also found. These discoveries proved the 5.existence of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago.
In 1937 When Japan 6.invaded China, excavations at the Beijing Man Site stopped and most of the fossils 7.disappeared.
In 1949 Zhoukoudian became an important 8.tourist attraction.
In 1987 Zhoukoudian was 9.listed as a world heritage site, which has provided amazing 10.evidence about the process of evolution.
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Ashes were found alongside the fossils which showed they used fire for cooking food and also for light, warmth and protection from wild beasts.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 跟化石一起被发现的灰烬表明他们用火来做饭、照明、取暖和抵御野兽。
2．Any site which is seriously damaged or which is not properly protected is an endangered heritage, and UNESCO is very quick to do something about situations like this.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 任何被严重破坏或保护不当的遗产都是濒危遗产，像这种情况，联合国教科文组织会立刻采取行动。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Scientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest known in Great Britain. But they didn't find out in the usual way.
Archaeologists often date cave art with a process called radiocarbon dating. The technique can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal (木炭) drawings or painted pictures. Carbon is an element (成分) found in many things, including charcoal and even people. But in this case, there was no paint or charcoal to test. People carved the pictures of animals and figures into the rock using stone tools. The scientists had an “aha！” moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings. The small rocks must have formed after the drawings were made.
“It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art.” said Alistair Pike, an archaeological scientist at Britain's University of Bristol. “We were very fortunate that some of the engravings (雕刻) were covered by stalagmites (石笋)．”
When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12,800 years ago, the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old. And some of the animals shown, like the European bison, are now extinct — another tip?off (征兆) that the art is quite old.
The artists came to Creswell Crags. This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age. At that time, much of the North Sea was dry, so people could move about more easily.
Some tools and bones found there are 13,000 to 15,000 years old. They show that the travelers hunted horses, reindeer, and arctic hares. Their artwork is similar to art in France and Germany. It tells scientists that the Creswell Crags artists must have had a close connection to peoples several thousand kilometers away — another important evidence of understanding how humans spread out across the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，带领我们探寻英国古老的洞窟美术的历史。
1．The underlined word “Archaeologists” in Paragraph 2 refers to people .
A．who study things left behind by people in the past
B．who have rich experience in painting
C．who are interested in wild animals
D．who are good at using stone tools
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第二段的内容可以看出，archaeologists意为“考古学家”。
2．Why do scientists say the art is quite old?
A．The art was carved into stone with stone tools.
B．Most animals carved in the stone are extinct.
C．The cave is one of the farthest points in the world.
D．Some pictures were covered by stalagmites more than 10,000 years old.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知答案。
3．By studying the cave art, scientists could learn about .
A．how ancient people crossed the North Sea
B．why some of the animals have died out
C．how humans spread out across the world
D．what ancient people had for food at that time
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“another important evidence of understanding how humans spread out across the world”可知。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Cave Art About Animals Is Most Beautiful
B．Cave Art Is Found in an Unusual Way
C．Cave Art Turns Out to Be Britain's Oldest
D．Cave Art Has a Great Influence on Britain
解析：选C 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍英国克瑞斯威尔峭壁的洞窟艺术为什么是英国最古老的艺术，后半部分给出了证据。
B
One week after I started working in Beijing, I decided to visit a place of interest called the Summer Palace. Before setting off, I researched into it on the Internet. The Summer Palace is composed mostly of a lake, but it's surrounded by beautiful greenery and a walkway that circles the lake. It is recommended that you give the Summer Palace about three hours. If you try to walk around it, it could take five or six hours. With that knowledge of it, I set off.
The highlight of the tour had to be the view from the Tower of Buddhist Incense. It sits on top of a large hill overlooking the lake and that is worth the climb. It was built as a place to worship (敬拜) Buddha. And in the Summer Palace, unlike most of the other places, photography wasn't allowed in most of the buildings. Most of the statues of Buddha and the other artifacts (手工艺品) were off?limits to photos.
Another highlight was seeing the stage created for the Dowager Empress where she watched the opera and other theater items. There are box seats that surround the stage and it was the largest stage created in all of Imperial China. You could almost imagine royalty reviewing the actors from the boxes and the stage.
I do recommend taking a boat ride if you go, which takes you from one side of the lake to the other side where you can see another set of buildings. And it is fun. You can also rent an electric or paddle boat if you want. But since it was just me, I went on one of the biggest boats with other people.
I spent another four hours wandering around the Summer Palace. But I didn't see all of it because it was getting dark. I am looking forward to visiting it again.
语篇解读：作者描述了去颐和园游玩的经历。
5．Before setting off to the Summer Palace, the author .
A．asked others about it
B．didn't think it was large
C．didn't know what to see
D．learned something about it
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Before setting off, I researched into it on the Internet.”可知，出发前作者了解了一些颐和园的情况。
6．While visiting the Tower of Buddhist Incense, the author .
A．worshipped Buddha
B．touched some artifacts
C．couldn't take photos as she liked
D．wasn't deeply impressed by it at all
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Most of the statues of Buddha and the other artifacts (手工艺品) were off?limits to photos.”可推断，作者不能尽情地拍照。
7．What do we know about the second highlight mentioned in the text?
A．It sits on top of a hill.
B．It is the largest stage all over China.
C．Operas are performed there at times.
D．It was for the royalty to watch performances.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Another highlight was seeing ... and other theater items.”以及后文内容可知，这个地方是供清皇室成员观看表演的。
8．Why did the author choose to take a ride in a big boat instead of other boats?
A．Because the author was persuaded to do that.
B．Because the author wanted to be more comfortable.
C．Because the author wanted to save some money.
D．Because it was more suitable for the author to do that.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段的“You can also rent an electric or paddle boat if you want. But since it was just me, I went on one of the biggest boats with other people.”可知，这种选择更适合作者。
C
Among the seven wonders of the ancient architectural (建筑方面的) world, the pyramids in Egypt are the only ones still standing.
For 1,000 years, they were the tallest buildings in the world. Built with prehistoric technology, they were an architectural mystery, as strange as the Sphinx (狮身人面像)．
No one really knows how they were built. The first historical record, by the Greek writer Heroditus, came 2,000 years later. Without hard facts, there have been many theories.
Hollywood has mostly followed the examples from the Greek record: 100,000 slaves worked hard for 20 years. Others believe a very large slope snaked around the pyramids. An American recently put forward the theory that kites could have lifted the 2?ton stones.
Now Houdin, a French architect, says that after studying the pyramids for eight years, he has solved the mystery with the help of 3?D computer animation (三维动画). He believes the pyramids were built from the inside out through an internal slope that goes around a central point. “This is completely new. Everyone before me thought that the pyramids were built from the outside, and only from the outside，” he said.
Scholars of ancient Egypt are interested. “It's a theory which sounds reasonable. Scholars of ancient Egypt agree it ought to be tested, and it doesn't cause damage, so I wouldn't be surprised that within a year, we have the final answer，” said Bob Brier, a scholar at Long Island University.
If that is the case, we'll know the truth about the pyramids in the blink of an eye, considering this mystery has lasted for nearly 5,000 years.
语篇解读：本文介绍了关于金字塔之谜的一些科学家的猜测。
9．According to the passage, how many ancient wonders in architecture have disappeared so far?
A．Four. B．Five
C．Six D．Seven.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，世界古建筑的7大奇观只有金字塔仍然存在，因此其他的6个已经消失了。
10．There are many theories of how the pyramids were built because .
A．researchers have different professional knowledge
B．researchers research the pyramids from different aspects
C．there are no reliable records of how the pyramids were built
D．there are many stories about how pyramids were built
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段内容和最后一句可知，答案为C项，金字塔是如何建成的，没有可靠记载。
11．The French architect Houdin put forward his theory with the help of .
A．many experts
B．computer technology
C．some scholars of ancient Egypt
D．the historical record
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，Houdin借助的是电脑技术。
12．The underlined phrase “in the blink of an eye” in the last paragraph probably means .
A．in a short time
B．in the distant future
C．only by using your own eyes
D．in the state of uncertainty
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据上下文内容可以猜出前半句的意思：如果情况的确如此，我们将眨眼间(很快)就能知道金字塔的真相。上文提到一年以内就可能会有结论，所以相对于五千年，一年只是眨眼间的工夫。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
I learned Japanese a few years ago.I can say that learning a language is a huge challenge to me. 1 Here are a few tips from experts which can help you become fluent.
Know why you're studying a language.
Learning a language is not something you can just pick up and put away as you please.As Language Testing International points out, some languages can take up to 2,760 hours to learn well.Even easier languages, like French and Spanish, will still take 720 hours.No one can do that much work on their own without serious motivation. 2 Write it down where you can see it to keep yourself motivated.
Practice.
You can't just do a lot of practice for one day and then take three days off. 3 Set a regular schedule and stick to it.If you can make learning a language a routine, the battle is partly won.
Speak with native speakers.
Talking with a native speaker is the single best way to improve your language skills.But how can you find one? 4 Also ask your friends and family to see if they know someone who speaks your target language.
5
A language represents people and their culture.If you don't value the people or the culture, then you don't value the language.So make efforts to learn about the native culture if you want to know the native language.Films and TV shows are a good place to start.Newspapers and news shows can also teach you what the people you are studying are interested in.
A．Look into the foreign culture.
B．But it is also very rewarding.
C．Don't be scared of making mistakes.
D．No one can memorize every word in a language.
E．So make sure you have a real reason to learn a language.
F．What knowledge you learn in one day will be forgotten in those few days.
G．Websites, like italki and WeSpeke, can help you connect with others across the globe.
语篇解读：本文给出了如何学习一门外语的几点建议。
1．选B 本句对上句的转折，说明学习外语很有挑战性，但会带来回报。
2．选E 本句承上启下，说明学习外语要投入很大的精力，因此需要有明确的理由。
3．选F 本句说明坚持练习的原因，即因为学的东西会慢慢遗忘，所以要给自己的学习制定一个有规律的计划，并要始终坚持按计划做事。
4．选G 本句对上一句做出回答，介绍可以在一些网站上找到可以帮助你练习口语的人。
5．选A 本句概述了本段的中心意思，即要学习一门语言，就要深入研究所学语言的文化。
14
Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.preserve v． 保护；保存 2.remains n. 遗迹；遗体 3.list v. (按某次序)把……列表，列清单 4.recommend v. 建议 5.precious adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的；贵重的 6.request n. 请求；要求 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.agreement n．协议→agree v．赞同；同意 2.invest v．投资→investment n．投资→investor n．投资者 3.existence n．存在→exist v．存在；生存 4.relation n．亲属；亲戚→relationship n．关系，关联→relate v．使……有联系；叙述→related adj.有关系的，相关的 5.sharpen v．使变锋利→sharp adj.锋利的→sharply adv.锋利地；锐利地 6.evolution n．进化；演变→evolve v．发展；(使)进化 7.exposure n．暴露；显露→expose v．暴露；(使)曝光；揭露→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的 8.contribute v．促成→contribution n．贡献；捐献→contributor n．捐献者；投稿人 9.endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v．使遭受损失，危及→danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的 10.awareness n．意识；认识；感悟能力→aware adj.知道的；意识到的 11.propose v．建议；提议→proposal n．建议；提议 12.assistance n．帮助，援助→assist v．协助；帮助→assistant n．助手 13.estimate v．& n．估计；估算；估价→estimation n．评价；判断 1.preserve v．保护；保存[联想] ①reserve vt.保留，预定 ②conserve v．保护；节省 ③deserve v．应受；值得 ④serve n．提供，端上(饭菜等)；为(顾客)服务 2.sharpen v．使变锋利 [联想] 盘点后缀?en结尾动词 ①weaken削弱 ②widen加宽 ③deepen使加深 ④lengthen加长 ⑤strengthen使……变长，加强，巩固 3.recommend v．建议 [同义] propose, suggest, advise 4.request v．要求 n．请求；要求 [联想] ①require vt.要求，需要 ②demand vt.强烈要求，需要 5.agreement n．协议 [串记] Finally we all agreed with what he said and reached an agreement. 6.invest v．投资 [串记] The American?Chinese investor invested all his life savings in education that needs investment.7.existence n．存在 [串记] The island existed for centuries; no one knows when it came into existence. 8.exposure n．暴露；显露 [串记] Never expose the paint to the sunshine, or it'll come off as the result of exposure. 9.contribute v．促成 [串记] Qian contributed to science and technology and he'll be remembered for his great contributions. 10.assistance n．帮助，援助 [串记] A kind?hearted assistant gave us much assistance when we went shopping yesterday.
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.agree on 就……达成一致 2．take place 发生 3．even so 虽然如此 4．all over the world 全世界 5．in danger 处于危险之中 6．contribute to 促成；导致 7．of vital importance 至关重要 8．apart from 除……之外 1.before the age of 14 14岁以前 2．live to the age of 50 活到50岁 3．an important tourist attraction 一个重要的旅游景点 4．in the 1920s 在20世纪20年代 5．exposure to the air 暴露于空气中 6．cause serious damage 造成严重损害 7．be removed from the list 从名单上除去 8．raise public awareness 增强公众意识
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.It has not only given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also has provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution. 它不仅为我们提供了史前亚洲社会的重要信息，还为我们提供了人类进化历程中惊人的证据。 not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……，不仅……还……”，在句中连接两个并列的谓语，还可连接两个并列的主语、宾语、表语、状语等。 Internet not only expands our horizons, but also saves us time and energy. 互联网不仅开阔了我们的视野，而且也节省了我们的时间和精力。
2.Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds, causing serious damage. 一些地方杂草丛生，破坏不堪。 现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 He studied hard, thus getting high grades. 他学习努力，因此得了高分。
1．(教材P71)It is famous for its unique classical gardens and there are more than a hundred preserved ancient buildings in the city.
这座城市以独特的古典园林而闻名，有一百多处受保护的古代建筑。
?preserve v. 保护；保存；维护n. [C]保护区
(1)preserve ... from ... 保护……免受……
(2)preserver n. 保护人，维护者
preservation n．[U] 保护，维护
①We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources.
我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。
②We should preserve the children from being hurt.
我们应保护这些孩子免受伤害。
③The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation (preserve)．
这些画保存得非常好。
[联想发散] 表示“保护/阻止……免受……”的短语荟萃：
①stop/prevent/keep sb. from (doing) 阻止某人做
②save sb. from ... 救助某人于……中
③free sb. from ... 使某人免受……
④defend sb. from ... 保卫某人免受……
⑤protect sb. from/against ... 保护某人免受……
2．(教材P72)These discoveries proved the existence of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago.
这些发现证明：在七十万到二十万年前就有人类生活在该地区。
?existence n. 存在；生存，生活(方式)
(1)in existence 现有的；现存的；存在的
come into existence/being 产生；成立；开始存在
(2)exist vi. 存在；生存
exist on＝live on 靠……生活/生存
existing adj. 现存的(置于名词前)
①The new music was built out of materials already in existence.
新音乐是从已有的素材中产生的。
②Do you know when this kind of robot came into existence?
你知道这种机器人是什么时候问世的吗？
③We should make a better use of the existing (exist) equipment.
我们应该更好地利用现有设备。
[名师点津] (1)exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也没有进行时；
(2)there exist(s)“某地存在/有”是“there be”句型的变式。
3．(教材P73)Pollution from nearby cement factories has also contributed to the problem.
附近水泥厂产生的污染对此也难辞其咎。
?contribute v. 促成；有助于；捐献，捐赠；投稿
(1)contribute to 有助于；促进；对……有帮助
contribute ... to ... 把……贡献给……；向……投稿
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐献，捐助；稿件
make a contribution/contributions to
对……做出贡献
contributor n. 捐助者；投稿者
①Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017·江苏高考)
由于位于“一带一路”的交汇处，江苏将为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。
②Their inventions have contributed to the development of electrical engineering.
他们的发明有助于电气工程学的发展。
③Each worker contributed 100 dollars to the Red Cross.
每个工人都向红十字会捐献了一百美元。
④Some contemporary advertisements mainly aim to make contributions (contribute) to society.
一些当代广告的主要目的是为社会做贡献。
[语境串记] Many people contributed money to Project Hope, which contributed to many children's returning to school.A teacher wrote an article about this and contributed it to a newspaper.
许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子可以重返校园。一位老师据此写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。
[联想发散] contribute to中的to为介词，后接名词或动名词。类似的短语还有：
①devote ... to ... 把……贡献到……上，致力于
②get used to 习惯于……
③lead to 导致
④see to 负责，照料
⑤object to 反对
⑥look forward to 期望，盼望
4．(教材P73)They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired.
该组织已经提议关闭这个遗址并进行修复。
?recommend
(1)vt.建议
recommend (doing) sth. 建议(做)某事
recommend sb.to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that ... (should) do 建议……
①If you go to Beijing, I recommend visiting the Summer Palace first.
如果你去北京，我建议首先参观颐和园。
②I recommend you to do (do) what he says.
我劝你照他说的去做。
③It is recommended that you (should) consult (consult) your doctor.
建议你去咨询医生。
(2)vt.推荐；介绍
recommend sb./sth.to sb.向某人推荐/介绍某人/某物
recommend sb.as ... 推荐某人当……
④Can you recommend me some new books on this subject?
你能推荐一些有关这个学科的新书给我吗？
⑤I can recommend Miss Green as a good typist.
我可以推荐格林小姐做一名优秀的打字员。
5．(教材P73)A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund be established to raise money.
中科院的一位教授提议设立基金会来募集资金。
?propose v. 建议；提议
(1)propose doing sth. 建议做某事
(2)proposal n. 建议，提议
put forward a proposal 提出一项建议
proposal that ... (should) do ... 建议……
①We propose to furnish our own house according to our own taste.
我们建议按自己的爱好布置自己的房子。
②He proposed that you (should) travel (travel)by plane.
他建议你乘飞机旅行。
③We are all for your proposal that discussion (should) be (be) put off.
我们都支持你推迟讨论的建议。
6．(教材P74)a request for help from ordinary people
来自老百姓求助的请求
?request
(1)n.(正式或礼貌的)要求，请求
应某人之请求/要求
make a request/requests for sth. 请求/要求某物
by request (of sb.) 按(某人的)要求
on request 一经要求，应要求
①All of us made a request that the problem should be discussed at the meeting.
我们都要求这个问题在会上讨论。
②The library will lend you this book on request.
只要你提出要求，图书馆就会借给你这本书。
③I came to the office at the request of Mr Smith.
我应史密斯先生的要求来到了办公室。
(2)vt.(正式或礼貌地)要求，请求
request sth.of/from sb. 向某人请求某物
request sb.to do sth. 请求某人做某事
request that sb.(should) do sth. 请求某人做某事
It's requested that ... (should) do 据要求……
④Details are requested from/of new members on the application form.
新成员要求在申请表上填写各种细节信息。
⑤You are requested to make (make) a speech at next meeting.
请您在下次会议上作个发言。
⑥It is requested that all members (should) be (be) present at the party.
全体会员都被要求出席这次晚会。
7．(教材P74)Apart from providing warmth, what was fire used for?
除了提供温暖，火还被用来做什么？
?apart from
(1)除了……之外(都)(除去的部分不包含在整体之内，相当于except, except for)
①The city has everything one could wish for, apart from good weather.
除了好天气外，这个城市拥有人们所希望得到的一切。
②The room was empty apart from one man seated beside the fire.
除了有个男人坐在火炉边，房间里空荡荡的。
(2)除了……(还)，此外(除去的部分包含在整体之内，相当于besides, in addition to)
③Apart from/Besides/In addition to coal, the most important natural fuel are gas and oil.
除了煤，最重要的天然燃料是煤气和石油。
[辨析比较] apart from, except, except for, besides
apart from 具有多重意义，既可代替besides, 也可代替except或except for
except “除了……之外”，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分不包括在整体之内，此意也可用“except＋that从句”表示
except for “除了……之外”，用于引出细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思，它的宾语与前述对象不是同一范畴概念的词
besides “除了……之外(还有)”，即把除去的部分也包括在整体之内
选用上述词语填空
④I know nothing about him apart from/except the fact that he is an American.
⑤This composition was well written, except for some spelling mistakes.
⑥The girl is very pretty, except that there is a scar on her forehead.
⑦Besides/Apart from English, what other languages can you speak?
It has not only given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also has provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution.
它不仅为我们提供了史前亚洲社会的重要信息，还为我们提供了人类进化历程的惊人证据。
(1)句中not only ... but also ... “不但……而且……；不仅……还……”在句中连接两个并列的谓语，还可连接两个并列的主语、宾语、表语、状语等。
①He plays not only the piano but also the violin.
他不仅弹钢琴而且还拉小提琴。
②They speak English not only in class but also after class.
他们不仅在课堂上说英语，在课下也说英语。
(2)not only ... but also ... 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据“就近原则”来确定。
③Not only he but also his parents are (be) going to attend the party.
不仅他而且他的父母将去参加宴会。
(3)not only放在句首时，其所在分句要用部分倒装结构。
④Not only can he speak English but also French.
他不仅能说英语而且能说法语。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishment of our work.
2．Apart from a composition, I also finished my physics homework.
3．We should preserve our environment from being polluted (pollute).
4．No one knows when such a custom first came into existence.
5．It's recommended that the work (should) be (be) done at once.
6．They proposed building/to build (build) a bridge across this river.
7．They stayed in Shanghai for a while at the request of their friends.
8．Not only you but also I am (be) a teacher.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．(2017·天津高考书面表达)Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I'm interested in.
除了我的课程学习之外，我总是设法找时间来做我感兴趣的事情。
2．I recommend the book to all my students.
我向我所有的学生推荐这本书。
3．How do you propose going to work?
你打算怎么去上班？
4．These programmes are of great help to learners of English.
这些节目对英语学习者很有帮助。
5．He has make great contributions to the space development program.
他对太空发展计划有很大的贡献。
6．Leave me out of this quarrel please; I don't want to get involved.
请别把我拉入这场争吵中——我可不想牵连进去。
7．Not only is she pretty but also kind?hearted.
她不仅漂亮，而且心地善良。
8．What he said is hard to understand.
他说的很难让人明白。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They want to make a contribution (贡献) to their country, their nation, their city.
2．It's recommended/proposed (建议) that you should consult your doctor.
3．The campaign aims to raise public awareness (意识) about the dangers of passive smoking.
4．According to the archaeologist, everything in existence (存在) is reasonable.
5．I made a request (请求) for the information of the current situation.
6．Exposure (暴露) of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful.
7．My time is precious (宝贵的), and I can only spare you a few minutes.
8．Based on the agreement (协议), all payments shall be made by the end of the month.
9．In spite of cries, no one came to his assistance (帮助)．
10．This island is maintained as a reserve for endangered (濒危的) species.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Our few measures contributed to preserve animals without effect.preserve→preserving
2．He made a proposal that we will raise all the people's awareness of protecting the environment.去掉will或will→should
3．The boy was requested to going boating with his schoolmates.going→go
4．As far as I'm concerned, your advice is of great useful to my study.useful→use
5．He recommended my hand in my homework tomorrow morning.hand→handing
6．We should try our best to preserve the endangered species extinction.extinction前加from
7．I don't think the three sides can arrive an agreement in such a short time.arrive后加at
8．Not only his classmates but also his teacher think highly of him.think→thinks
Ⅲ.选词填空
apart from， of vital importance， contribute to， if not， in danger， be listed as， get involved， cause damage to
1.The symbolism of every gesture will be of vital importance during the short state visit.
2．The pipeline accident can cause damage to the people and equipment around.
3．He got involved in a heated argument.
4．If they arrive before I leave, well and good.If not, the responsibility will be mine.
5．All of us will struggle fairly hard to survive if we are in danger.
6．Apart from some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.
7．Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the continent's economic crisis.
8．Her death would be listed as an accident.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Zhoukoudian is 1.a small village about 50 kilometres south?west of Beijing. Prehistoric human bones were found there 2.which changed China's knowledge of its history. Zhoukoudian 3.was listed (list) as a world heritage site in December 1987. It has provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution. Today, however, Zhoukoudian is 4.in serious danger. Parts of the cave have been badly affected by rain and 5.exposure (expose) to the air. Some areas are almost 6.completely (complete) covered in weeds, 7.causing (cause) serious damage. Pollution from nearby cement factories has also contributed 8.to the problem. UNESCO has recommended that the site 9.(should) be closed (close) and repaired. If nothing is done to repair it, it could be removed from the list. So, not only the government but also the ordinary people should try their best 10.to raise (raise) money to save it.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
文化遗产是文化与历史的象征。它们是我们人类的宝贵(precious)遗产，而且保护(preserve)文化遗产是至关重要(of vital importance)的。然而一些人对此毫无作为(contribute ... to ...)甚至危害我们的文化遗产。当我旅行的时候，我见到一些历史遗迹(remains)岌岌可危，这让我感到非常吃惊。因此，我提议(propose)我们每一个人都应该参与其中，为保护文化遗产做些什么。除此之外 (apart from)，政府也应该拨发一些资金来对它们进行维护(maintain)。
Cultural relics are a symbol of culture and history. They are precious heritage for us mankind and it is of vital importance to preserve them. However, some people contribute nothing to protecting them, even cause damage to the relics. When I was travelling, I could see some historic remains were in danger, which came as a great shock to me. So I propose that every one of us (should) get involved and do something for the protection of cultural relics. Apart from it, the government should allocate some funds for maintaining them.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Summer was supposed to be free of worries for a high school graduate like me. No studying, no 1 . I even had a good 2 ， so I could go off with some money in my pocket. But one afternoon 3 crowded in: I'd never been on my own before. How would I 4 it out there in the big, scary world?
“See you tomorrow，” I said to my boss. Mom's car 5 in the burning sun. I got 6 the wheel and headed home. Then 7 went black.
I opened my eyes in a 8 room. Mom was there. I tried to sit up, but I couldn't move. Mom and the police officers 9 told me the truth: The 10 was all my fault. I'd made the 11 mistake of my life. Witnesses had seen me make a left turn on Route 37 — right into the path of a white truck going 60 miles per hour. I was knocked unconscious. 12 ， the driver of the truck wasn't hurt.
About a week after I left the hospital, a police officer came to the house, 13 me a court date. Mom and I went to see her car. It was completely 14 . On the seat we saw a bandana (手帕) in blood. “That must 15 the man who helped you，” said Mom. “We should wash this and return it to him，” said Mom. Finding the man 16 out to be easy enough. Coming face?to?face with someone who had been so kind to me only 17 my guilt. I held back tears.
I still had a lot of 18 . The judge asked me to attend a community class on road safety. By the time I left for 19 I was ready for the big world out there. I knew I'd be okay, 20 I would be more careful.
语篇解读：高中毕业即将上大学的作者，对外面的世界充满了疑问。但是还没等出门就遭遇车祸。作者认为，尽管车祸可怕，但是给了自己一个教训：一切都要小心谨慎。这也为作者即将到来的大学生活积累了经验。
1．A.homework B．housework
C．performance D．practice
解析：选A 高中毕业的那个暑假是轻松的，因为不用上学，没有“作业”。
2．A.sponsor B．friend
C．job D．opportunity
解析：选C 有了“工作”，这样口袋里就能备些钱了。
3．A.surprises B．doubts
C．regrets D．notes
解析：选B 根据第一段最后一句可知，作者对自己能否适应外面的世界有了些疑问。
4．A.make B．take
C．help D．live
解析：选A 作者疑惑，自己一直待在家乡没有出过门，现在要上大学了，怎样才能“成功地”适应外面这个可怕的世界。make it意为“成功地做成某事”。
5．A.dried B．rolled
C．shone D．sat
解析：选C 根据下文作者开车可知，下班告别老板之后，作者来到车旁准备开车回家。妈妈的车在阳光下“闪闪发光”。
6．A.over B．through
C．off D．behind
解析：选D get behind the wheel为固定用法，意为“驾驶”。
7．A.everything B．something
C．nothing D．anything
解析：选A 根据下文可知，作者出了车祸。因此，眼前一片漆黑。
8．A.new B．beautiful
C．strange D．dark
解析：选C 根据语境，作者在医院里醒来，因此是一个“陌生的”房间。
9．A.friendly B．politely
C．willingly D．finally
解析：选D 妈妈和警察“最终”告诉了作者车祸的事实。
10．A.event B．accident
C．change D．experience
解析：选B 根据后文的描述可知，此处表示“事故”。
11．A.first B．simplest
C．worst D．last
解析：选C 作者犯了今生“最糟糕的”一个错误。
12．A.Unfortunately B．Amazingly
C．Deliberately D．Impatiently
解析：选B 对方司机没有受伤，除了作者，没有其他人受伤，这一点“令人惊奇”。
13．A.expressing B．offering
C．planning D．assigning
解析：选D 出了车祸，交警核查事实之后要到法院解决问题，所以交警给作者“指定”了一个上庭日期。
14．A.destroyed B．attacked
C．injured D．harmed
解析：选A 车撞得很严重，彻底地“毁坏”了。destroy“毁坏”；attack“攻击”；injure“伤害”；harm“伤害”。
15．A.call in B．belong to
C．take in D．appeal to
解析：选B that指代上文中的手帕，是那个救作者的人落下的。belong to“属于”；call in“召来，叫来”；take in“欺骗”；appeal to“吸引”。
16．A.brought B．put
C．gave D．turned
解析：选D turn out“结果是，证明是”，指找到那个帮助者很容易。
17．A.established B．showed
C．strengthened D．proved
解析：选C 和曾经如此善良地帮助自己的人见面“加深”了作者的负罪感。
18．A.chances B．choices
C．wonders D．challenges
解析：选D 根据下句作者还要上驾驶安全课可知，作者还有很多事要做，还要面临很多“挑战”。
19．A.college B．work
C．hospital D．home
解析：选A 呼应文章第一句，高中毕业，要去上“大学”。
20．A.while B．because
C．though D．until
解析：选B 作者知道自己可以适应外面的世界，因为作者会更加小心谨慎。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My friend Lisa was often unhappy. One day, I asked her how. She said, “My parents love my younger sisters many more. I don't think I'm important to them.” After hear that, I said, “Your parents surely love you and your sister equally.” I said that because I really think so then. Parents usual love all of their children the same. But they sometime act as if they loved the youngest one more. This isn't good. We don't think parents should make their children to think kids are treated differently. They should let their children know that they love all them equally.
答案：第二句：how→why
第三句：many→much
第五句：hear→hearing; sister→sisters
第六句：think→thought
第七句：usual→usually
第八句：sometime→sometimes
第十句：We→I; 去掉to
第十一句：all后加of
PAGE
14
Section Ⅲ Grammar — 虚拟语气和状语从句
?语法图解
?探究发现
①They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired.
②They have suggested that the general public be encouraged to help with the problem.
③A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund be established to raise money.
④Mary speaks as if she were Chinese.
⑤It's high time that we should have/had a rest.
⑥As long as you've got a raincoat, you'll be OK.
⑦Just stay where you are and don't move.
⑧Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.
⑨Whatever happens, you're going to have a marvelous time.
⑩The little child eats whatever we give him.
[我的发现]
(1)以上句中，①～⑤句谓语动词均使用了虚拟语气。①、②、③从句中用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
(2)⑥～⑧句中黑体部分分别引导条件、地点、让步状语从句。
(3)由⑧句可知，as引导让步状语从句时，句子要采用倒装语序。
(4)⑨句中黑体部分引导让步状语从句，⑩句中引导名词性从句。
一、虚拟语气
虚拟语气用于宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，常可表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等，其虚拟语气往往是由“(should＋)动词原形”构成。
1．宾语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)一般用法
在表示命令、建议、劝告、欲望、要求、主张这一类动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可以省略。这类动词有suggest(建议), insist(坚持要求), demand, request, desire, order, advise, propose, command, recommend等。
She suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
她建议我们第二天早点出发。
The doctor insisted the patient (should) be sent to hospital immediately.
医生坚决要求这个病人立刻被送往医院。
The boss requested that the secretary (should) type out the plan in five minutes.
老板要求秘书在五分钟内把计划打印出来。
The worker recommended that the machine (should) be checked once a week.
工人建议这台机器应该一周检查一次。
[名师点津]
①当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，应使用陈述语气。
②表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等的名词后面接同位语从句、表语从句时，从句中谓语用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
(2)wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词主要有三种形式：
We wish we had studied more hard when at school.
我们上学时能学习再努力一点就好了。
I wish I were taller.
我的个子要是再高一点儿就好了。
I wish I could fly.
我要是能飞就好了。
I wish he would try again.
我希望他能再试一次。
(3)would rather 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语主要有两种形式：
I would rather you came to see me tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来看我。
I would rather you hadn't told me the fact.
我宁愿你没有告诉我实情。
[即时演练1]
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①They wish that prices would decline (decline)．
②He ordered that the students (should) wash (wash) the clothes every week by themselves.
③I'd rather you didn't make (not, make) any comment on the issue for the time being.
④(陕西高考改编)My mom suggests that we(should) eat (eat) out for a change this weekend.
(2)完成句子
①He insisted that I had read his letter.
他坚持说我看过他的信。
②He insisted that I (should) see the film.
他坚持要我看看那部电影。
③He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner.
他建议我们留下吃饭。
④What he said suggested that he was a cheat.
他说的话表明他是一个骗子。
2．主语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)在It is/was suggested (requested, required, ordered, proposed, decided, etc.) that ... 句型中，it是形式主语，从句常用虚拟语气，谓语为“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is required that the students (should) wear school uniforms at school.
学校要求学生在学校必须穿校服。
It is suggested that parents (should) spend more time with their children.
人们建议父母应该花更多的时间和孩子在一起。
(2)It is/was important/necessary/natural/strange/a pity/no wonder ... ＋that sb. should do ...
It is a pity that he should fail to pass the driving test.
真遗憾他竟然没有通过驾驶测试。
It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.
我们有必要事先做好准备。
It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rules of school.
重要的是学生都能了解校规。
[即时演练2]
(1)完成句子
①It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
要求任何人不要在此抽烟。
②It is important that enough money (should) be collected to fund the project.
重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。
③It's suggested that we (should) take good care of the patient.
有人建议我们应该照顾好病人。
(2)句型转换
①It is important for teenagers to learn skills.
→It is important that teenagers should learn skills.
②People required that the earth should be protected well.
→It is required that the earth should be protected well.
3．表语从句中的虚拟语气
基本结构：(表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的)名词＋be＋that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形
The doctor's advice was that you (should) give up smoking.
医生的建议是你应该戒烟。
4．同位语从句中的虚拟语气
基本结构：(表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的)名词＋that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形
The young man followed his doctor's advice that he (should) give up drinking.
那个年轻人接受了医生让他戒酒的建议。
[名师点津] 表语从句和同位语从句中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等的名词有advice, desire, order, proposal, recommendation, request, plan, idea, requirement, suggestion, demand等。
[即时演练3]
(1)完成句子
①His order is that the problem (should) be solved at once (问题应马上解决)．
②My suggestion is that we (should) hold a meeting tonight (今晚我们应该开个会)．
③We followed his advice that we (should) ask our teacher for help (我们应该请求老师帮忙)．
④His demand is that we (should) do our work more carefully (我们做工作应该更细心些)．
(2)单句改错
①His father gave an order that he keeps a diary in English every day.keeps→keep
②I made a suggestion that he will put an advertisement in the local paper.will→should或去掉will
③Our desire is that the match will be put off. will→should或去掉will
④One of the requirements for a fire is that the material must be heated to its burning temperature.must→should或去掉must
5．在as if/though 引导的从句中的虚拟语气
从句用过去时 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑
从句用过去完成时 表示对过去事实的假设
It seems as if it were spring.
现在好像是春天似的。
She appeared as if she had known nothing about it.
她看上去对此一无所知。
6．It's (high) time ...句式中的虚拟语气
在It is (high) time ...句式中，time后的从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”。
It is time we did/should do something for our country.
到了我们该为国家做些事情的时候了。
It is high time you cleaned/should clean the classroom.
到了你该打扫教室的时候了。
[即时演练4] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①They talked about the city as though they had been (be) there before.
②John pretends as if he didn't know (not, know) the thing at all.
③It's high time that we got/should get (get) down to our work.
④That tree looks as if it wasn't watered (not, water) for a long time.
⑤It's time that people paid/should pay (pay) attention to the environment.
⑥(辽宁高考改编)Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.
二、状语从句
状语从句是在复合句中作状语的从句，本单元主要讲的是地点状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句。
1．地点状语从句
地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾，常用where, wherever等引导。
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.
在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本是不可能的。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
[名师点津] where表示特指的某个地方；wherever表示泛指任何地方。
[即时演练5] 选词填空(where, wherever)/句型转换
①He must go wherever we send him.
②Make a mark where you have a question.
③(重庆高考改编)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her.
④We must camp in the place, where we can get water.
→We must camp where we can get water.
2．条件状语从句
条件状语从句可置于句首或句尾，常用if, unless, as/so long as, in case, on condition that等引导。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨，我们就去远足。
I will not go to the party unless he goes there, too.
除非他也去，否则，我也不会去参加聚会的。
You can go out to play as long as you stay in the backyard.
只要不出后院，你就可以出去玩。
In case you need something, please don't hesitate to let me know.
如果你需要什么东西，请告诉我，别客气。
[即时演练6] 连词填空
①You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far away from the river bank.
②You may borrow the book so/as long as you keep it clean.
③(湖南高考改编)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.
④If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
3．让步状语从句
常见引导词有though, while(一般位于句首)，although, even if/even though, as, no matter＋疑问词等。
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, even though he's in his nineties.(2016·北京高考)
我爷爷尽管已经九十多岁了，仍然不时地打打网球。
Although birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017·北京高考)
虽然鸟类用羽毛飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。
No matter how (＝However) difficult it is, I will overcome it.
无论它多么难，我都会克服它。
[名师点津] (1)as引导让步状语从句需倒装，将表语、状语或部分谓语提前；表语是名词时，其前不带冠词；though引导的状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。
(2)no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句；疑问词＋ever既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。
[即时演练7]
(1)连词填空
①However/No matter how pure the water looks, I do not want to drink it.
②Whether you believe it or not, it's true.
③Although/Though he was exhausted, he kept on working.
④Object as/though you may, I'll go.
⑤We won't be discouraged even if/though we fail ten times.
(2)句型转换
①Though she is a pop star, she still needs to improve.
→Pop star as/though she is, she still needs to improve.
②Whatever you say, I'll never change my mind.
→ No matter what you say, I'll never change my mind.
③No matter who you are, you must keep the law.
→Whoever you are, you must keep the law.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They made an requirement that we (should) accompany (accompany) them on the trip.
2．George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused (focus) more on its culture.
3．It's important that he (should) ask (ask) advice of other people about his work.
4．One can always manage to do more things, no matter how full one's schedule is in life.
5．Although/Though life is full of ups and downs, where there is life, there is hope.
6．A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
7．Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
8．Unless we have enough evidence, we can't win the case.
9．You can borrow my car as/so long as you promise not to drive too fast.
10．It is high time we studied/should study (study) harder.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
2．Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
如果你不太累，我们出去散散步。
3．Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。
4．Whether you believe it or not, it is really true.
信不信由你，这确实是真的。
5．Whatever happened, he would not mind.
不管发生什么，他不在意。
6．The meeting will be put off in case it rains.
万一下雨，会议就要延期。
7．Although/Though he was worn out, he kept on working.
虽然他已经筋疲力尽了，但仍然继续工作。
8．We'll start our project if the president agrees.
如果总经理同意的话，我们将开始我们的项目。
9．I recommend that you buy the book.
我建议你买这本书。
10．He proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting.
他提议，下次会议再研究此事。
Ⅲ.短文改错
My neighbor Li Hai is going to graduate college soon and he hasn't found the job yet. He was once advising to learn computer skills, so he thought it was difficult. When he saw others learning English, he shook his head, says it was too hard to remember the new word. He enjoyed watching TV, playing cards, smoking and so on. He felt it was hard for him to give up all this habits. Not long ago, he went to look for a job. When he knew that talents were great needed, he sighed and regretted the time that what he had wasted. How he wished he has worked hard in college!
答案：第一句：graduate后加from; the→a
第二句：advising→advised; so→but
第三句：says→saying; word→words
第五句：this→these
第七句：great→greatly; 去掉what
第八句：has→had
PAGE
9
Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
[原文呈现][读文清障]
Chinese Cultural Heritage Bid for UNESCO
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and the Mid?Autumn Festival could be listed on① the directory② of world intangible③ cultural heritage if a bid④ to UNESCO is successful.
They could join the Chinese arts of Guqin Music and Kunqu Opera as “world intangible heritages”．
UNESCO has 47 items on the world heritage list, including Chinese Kunqu Opera and Guqin Music. Every two years the directory is enlarged⑤ by giving each country the chance⑥ to recommend⑦ one candidate⑧.
No discrimination⑨ is made against⑩ countries which make regular bids?， so although the process is long, there is a strong possibility that TCM and the Mid?Autumn Festival will be accepted?. While the bid is going through?， the state government allocates funds for? each item's protection.
①be listed on被列入……名单中
make a list of列一个……的清单
②directory/d?'rekt?ri/ n．名录；指南
③intangible adj.无形的(指东西有价值但没有实体存在)
④bid/bId/ n．投标；努力，争取 bid (v.) for投标争取
bid to do ...努力做……
⑤enlarge/In'lɑ?d?/ v．(使)增大；(使)扩大
enlarge one's understanding/knowledge扩大某人的理解力/知识面
⑥give ... the chance给……机会 ⑦recommend v．推荐
⑧candidate n．被任定适合者；候选者
⑨discrimination/dI?skrImI'neI?n/ n．歧视
⑩make discrimination against对……做出歧视
?make regular bids规范投标
?be accepted被接受 ?go through获准，经过程序
?allocate funds for为……出资
中国文化遗产向联合国教科文组织发出申请
[第1～4段译文]
如果向联合国教科文组织发出的申请成功的话，中国的传统中医和中秋节将被列入世界非物质文化遗产名录。
它们将同中国艺术古琴曲和昆曲一样被列为“世界非物质遗产”。
联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录上有47个项目，包括中国的昆曲和古琴曲。每两年该组织会通过给每个国家一次推荐候选项目的机会来扩充数目。
联合国教科文组织对任何规范投标的国家是没有歧视的，因此尽管过程很漫长，但中国的传统中医和中秋节还是有很大的被接受的可能性的。在执行投标程序时，由其政府出资对每个申请项目进行维护。
The application? for TCM would highlight? the fact that traditional Chinese medicine is a culture that has existed for thousands of years?. If TCM is accepted on the UNESCO list, doctors and practitioners? would advocate? both its advantages and its legal status? abroad. The theories and experiences of old TCM practitioners would continue to be collected, and treatment would be extended into other areas of medicine, such as research into the AIDS virus and malaria. But some people feel that there needs to be a compromise between the term “heritage” which suggests something old?fashioned， and the fact that TCM is still developing as a medical science.
Mid?Autumn celebrations reflect Chinese cultural traditions. With more than 50 million Chinese living and working overseas， the Mid?Autumn Festival reminds them of their Chinese origins and would help to unite Chinese people all over the world. Plans for a seminar of experts on the festival have been announced, which will recommend symbolic ambassadors to promote the bid.
?application n．申请 ?highlight v．突出
?第一个that引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰culture。
?practitioner/pr?k'tI?n?/ n．(尤指医学或法律界的)从业人员
?advocate/'?dv??keIt/ v．主张，拥护
?status/'steIt?s/ n．法律地位 be extended into延伸到
research into ……方面的研究
virus/'vaIr?s/ n．病毒 malaria/m?'le?ri?/ n．疟疾
there needs to be ...需要有……
compromise/'k?mpr??maIz/ n．折中；妥协
compromise between ... and ...在……和……之间折中
which引导定语从句，修饰heritage。
old?fashioned adj.过时的
that引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容。
reflect v．反映，映出
“with＋名词＋现在分词”是with复合结构的一种形式。
overseas adv.向海外，在国外
remind sb. of sth.使某人想起……
remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事
origin n．起源 unite v．团结
seminar/'semI?nɑ?/ n．讨论课，研讨会
which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰plans。
symbolic ambassador形象大使 promote v．推动，促进
[第5～6段译文]
对中国传统中医的申请会突显这一事实——传统的中医是一种已经存在几千年的文化。如果中国传统中医被列入联合国教科文组织的名录中，那么医生和中医从业者就能在海外宣传其好处和合法地位。老中医的理论和经历将会继续被收集而且其治疗范围将延伸到医学的其他领域，比如对艾滋病病毒和疟疾的研究。不过“遗产”表明某事物过时了，但事实上中医作为一种医药科学仍在发展着。有些人感觉两者之间要有个折中。
中秋节庆祝活动反映了中国文化传统。有五千多万中国人在海外生活和工作，中秋节使他们想起自己的中国血统并有助于团结全世界的中国人。中国已宣布计划成立一个中秋节专家研讨会，还会派出形象大使去推动这一申请。
Other examples of China's intangible cultural heritage include the ancient art of Shaolin kung fu, the world's longest epic poem of Tibetan King Gesser, and Chen?style Tai Chi.,epic/'epIk/ n．史诗，叙事诗
agenda/?'d?end?/ n．(事项)待办；待讨论
act as起……作用
两个which引导限制性定语从句，分别修饰sites和cultural activities。
UNESCO's agenda for the world's tangible and intangible heritage is also to act as a warning system for sites which are at the mercy of redevelopment， pollution or even the effects of tourism, and cultural activities which are in danger. UNESCO undertakes to take sites off the World Heritage list if their present state is threatened by an absence of protection.
Getting accepted on the list is the result not simply of a subjective recommendation by interested groups, but of cultural diplomacy by governments and a thorough understanding of the bureaucratic system of UNESCO. In return， UNESCO recognises the autonomy of provincial, federal and state cultural organisations, but offers support and guidancewhen requested.
mercy/'m??si/ n．任凭……的摆布
at the mercy of受……支配
redevelopment n．改造；重新建设
undertake/??nd?'teIk/ v．许诺做某事；同意做某事
take ... off去掉，清除 threaten v．威胁
absence/'?bs?ns/ n．缺乏；没有
动名词短语getting accepted on the list作主语。
subjective/s?b'd?ektIv/ adj.主观的
recommendation n．推荐
not ... but ...不是……而是……
diplomacy/dI'pl??m?si/ n．外交
thorough/'θ?r?/ adj.彻底的；全面的；详尽的
bureaucratic/?bj??r?'kr?tIk/ adj.官僚的；官僚主义的
in return反过来 autonomy/??'t?n?mi/ n．自治，自治权
federal/'fed?r?l/ adj.联邦政府的
guidance/'ɡaIdns/ n．指导，引导，咨询
when requested是状语从句的省略。
[第7～9段译文]
其他中国非物质文化遗产的例子包括古代艺术少林功夫、世界上最长的史诗——藏族的《格萨尔王》和陈式太极。
联合国教科文组织对物质和非物质遗产的议事日程也起到警示的作用，即警示那些受经济复兴、污染甚至旅游影响的景点以及处于风险中的文化活动。联合国教科文组织许诺会把那些当前状况因缺乏保护而面临威胁的景点从名单中去掉。
被列入名单不仅是感兴趣的团体主观推荐的结果，还来自政府的文化外交和对联合国教科文组织行政系统的全面了解。反过来，联合国教科文组织认可这些省、联邦及国家文化组织(对该遗产)的自主权，但是当需要时，为它们提供支持与指导。
Step 1 Read the passage and answer the following questions. (Passage on P81)
1．According to the text, which of the following have been accepted as “world intangible heritages” by UNESCO?
①Guqin Music ②Kunqu Opera ③Shaolin kung fu ④Tibetan King Gesser ⑤Chen?style Tai Chi
A．①② B．①③
C．③④ D．①④
2．If TCM is accepted on the UNESCO list, .
A．doctors and practitioners would advocate both its advantages and its legal status abroad
B．the theories and experiences of old TCM practitioners would continue to be collected
C．its treatment would be extended into other areas of medicine
D．all of the above
3．Why would the Mid?Autumn Festival help to unite Chinese people all over the world?
A．Because it is the most important festival in China.
B．Because Mid?Autumn celebrations reflect Chinese cultural traditions.
C．Because the Mid?Autumn Festival reminds over 50 million Chinese of their Chinese origins, who are living overseas.
D．Because it has a long history in China.
4．If a site is not protected, UNESCO .
A．will certainly offer help
B．will raise money for it
C．will ignore it
D．may take it off the World Heritage list
5．According to the text, a successful bid requires .
A．assistance from the international society
B．cultural diplomacy and knowledge of UNESCO's system
C．the UN's help
D．a successful symbolic ambassador
答案：1～5 ADCDB
Step 2 Write down T (for true) or F (for false) according to the text on Page 83.
1．The Living Treasure Program is only carried out in the state of New Mexico. F
2．The Living Treasure Program is also carried out in Japan. F
3．Twice a year three older New Mexicans are asked to write down their life stories. F
4．The living treasures are all very important people in the town. F
5．The living treasures are honoured because they have made contributions to the protection of their culture. T
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.delegate n． 代表 2.monument n. 纪念碑；纪念馆 3.mankind n. 人类 4.advocate v. 主张，拥护 5.status n. 法律地位 6.compromise n. 折中；妥协 7.undertake v. 许诺做某事；同意做某事 8.thorough adj. 彻底的；全面的；详尽的 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.inhabitant n．居民→inhabit v．居住于 2.enlarge v．(使)增大；(使)扩大→large adj.大的 3.discrimination n．歧视→discriminate v．歧视；区别对待 4.mercy n．任凭……的摆布；仁慈；怜悯→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的 5.absence n．缺乏；没有→absent adj.缺席的；心不在焉的 6.subjective adj.主观的→subjectively adv.主观地→objective adj.客观的 7.journalism n．新闻业；新闻工作→journalist n．新闻记者→journal n．日报；日志，日记；期刊 8.guidance n．指导，引导；咨询→guide v．指导 n．导游 9.ignore v．忽视；不理；不管→ignorant adj.无知的→ignorance n．无知 10.honour v．给予荣誉n.尊敬；光荣的事→honourable adj.光荣的；值得尊敬的 1.delegate n．代表[同义] representative n．代表(指推选出来的或权力机关正式任命的代表) 2.inhabitant n．居民 [联想] ①citizen n．公民 ②resident n．居民 3.mankind n．人类 [联想] ①man用作不可数名词时，可表示“人类” ②human being 人类 4.absence n．缺乏；没有 [记法] 对比记忆： 5.enlarge v．(使)增大；使扩大 [联想] 前缀en?高频动词小结 ①rich→enrich 使充实 ②able→enable 使能够 ③sure→ensure 确保；担保 ④danger→endanger 使遭遇危险 ⑤force→enforce 强迫；迫使 ⑥courage→encourage 鼓励 6.honour v．给予荣誉n.尊敬；光荣的事 [搭配] ①national/personal honour 国家/个人荣誉②an honoured guest 贵宾
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.go through 获准，经过程序 2．remind sb.of sth. 使某人想起…… 3．in return 反过来 4．be honoured for 因……而受到尊敬 5．at the mercy of 受……支配 6.research into 研究 1.traditional craftwork 传统手工艺品 2．the Mid?Autumn Festival 中秋节 3．intangible cultural heritages 非物质文化遗产 4．Chinese cultural traditions 中国文化传统 5．across the country 遍布这个国家 6．give a speech 做演讲 7．the cultural and social life 文化和社会生活
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.The application for TCM would highlight the fact that traditional Chinese medicine is a culture that has existed for thousands of years. 对中国传统中医的申请会突显这一事实——传统的中医是一种已经存在几千年的文化。 that引导同位语从句，作the fact的同位语。 The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us. 她什么也没说这个事实使我们大家都感到惊讶。
2.But some people feel that there needs to be a compromise between the term “heritage” ... 但有些人感觉在“遗产”的时期之间要有个折中…… there needs to be ...“需要……”是there be 句型的变体。 There needs to be a teacher to deal with it. 需要有一位老师处理这件事。
1．(教材P81)While the bid is going through, the state government allocates funds for each item's protection.
在执行投标程序时，由其政府出资对每个申请项目进行维护。
?go through 通过，经过程序；经历(经受)；仔细检查；用光，耗尽
[一词多义] 写出下列句中go through的含义
①It took us a whole week to go through one of the great forests.通过
②She went through a lot of sufferings when she was ill.经历(经受)
③The boys went through two whole loaves of bread.
用光，耗尽
④Let's go through the arguments again.仔细审查
break through 突破，取得重大成果
get through 通过，完成，给……接通电话
put through 完成，接通电话
look through 浏览，检查
live through (经历灾难或其他困境)存活下来
⑤I rang you several times but couldn't get through.
我给你打了几次电话，可是没打通。
⑥She looked through her notes before exam.
她考试前匆匆浏览了一下她的笔记。
[辨析比较] go through, get through
两者都可作“做完”讲。
(1)go through意为“经历，经受；仔细检查；详细研究；做完；浏览，查阅；通过；经过”
(2)get through意为“通过(考试等)；完成，做完；接通电话”
(3)表示“通过”时，go through不用于被动语态，而get through常用于“get sth. through”结构中
选用上述短语填空
⑦We were very glad when we heard that you had got through your exam.
⑧When you're going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.
2．(教材P81)If TCM is accepted on the UNESCO list, doctors and practitioners would advocate both its advantages and its legal status abroad.
如果中国传统中医能被列入联合国教科文组织的名录中，那么医生和中医从业者就能在海外宣传其好处和合法地位。
?advocate v. 主张，拥护；提倡 n. 拥护者，提倡者
advocate sth./doing sth. 主张/提倡/拥护……
advocate＋that从句 主张……
①He is the advocate of this field, which advocates raising housing conditions.
他是这个领域的倡导者，他主张提高住房条件。
②Some people advocated limiting (limit) the number of cars on the main road.
有人主张限制在主要交通干道上汽车的数量。
③The report advocated that all buildings (should) be fitted (fit) with smoke detectors.
报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。
[名师点津] advocate后常接名词或动名词作宾语。其后跟宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
3．(教材P81)With more than 50 million Chinese living and working overseas, the Mid?Autumn Festival reminds them of their Chinese origins and would help to unite Chinese people all over the world.
有五千多万中国人在海外生活和工作，中秋节使他们想起了自己的中国血统并有助于团结全世界的中国人。
?remind sb. of 使某人想起……
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.about sth. 提醒某人某事
remind sb. that ... 使某人想起……
①I forget to remind him of the time for the interview.
我忘了提醒他面试时间。
②I always remind myself that time and tide wait for no man.
我总是提醒自己岁月不等人。
③Be sure to remind her to come (come) back early.
一定要提醒她早点回来。
[联想发散] “动词＋sb.＋of”构成的短语还有：
①accuse sb.of sth. 控告某人某罪，指责某人某事
②cheat sb.of sth. 骗取某人某物
③inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
④rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
⑤warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事
⑥cure sb.of sth. 治好某人的……病
4．(教材P81)UNESCO's agenda for the world's tangible and intangible heritage is also to act as a warning system for sites which are at the mercy of redevelopment, pollution or even the effects of tourism, and cultural activities which are in danger.
联合国教科文组织对物质和非物质遗产的议事日程也起到警示的作用，即警示那些受经济复兴、污染甚至旅游影响的景点以及处于风险中的文化活动。
?mercy n. 宽容；怜悯；幸运；侥幸；任凭……摆布
at the mercy of ... 受制于；在……的掌管中；受……支配
without mercy 残忍地，残酷地，毫不留情地
have mercy on ... 对……怜悯
beg for mercy 乞求/请求宽恕
show mercy to sb. 宽恕/怜悯某人
①They were lost at the sea, at the mercy of the wind and weather.
他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。
②Only if you don't have mercy on yourself, will you reach a new utmost limit.
只有不怜惜自己才能达到新的极限。
③We should learn to show mercy to others.
我们应该学会宽恕他人。
5．(教材P81)UNESCO undertakes to take sites off the World Heritage list if their present state is threatened by an absence of protection.
联合国教科文组织许诺会把那些当前状况因缺乏保护而面临威胁的景点从名单中去掉。
?undertake v. (undertook, undertaken) 许诺做某事；同意做某事；着手做；承担
undertake sth. 着手做；承担
undertake to do sth. 许诺做某事，同意做某事
undertake that ... 担保，保证……
①I want you to undertake all the responsibility.
我要你承担所有的责任。
②I undertook to drive (drive) my new car cautiously on the way.
我答应在路上会谨慎驾驶我的新车。
③We can't undertake that you will make a profit.
我们不能保证你会获利。
?absence n. 缺乏；没有；缺席，不在
(1)in one's absence 在某人不在时
in the absence of sb. 在某人不在时
in the absence of sth. 因缺乏……
(2)absent adj. 不在场的；心不在焉的
vt. 使缺席
be absent from 不在场的
①Please keep an eye on my flowers in my absence.
我不在家时请替我照顾我的花。
②Original mail returned in the absence of the addressee.
收信人不在，原件退回。
③He has been absent from his desk for two weeks.
他已经有两个星期没有坐在办公桌前了。
6．(教材P81)In return, UNESCO recognises the autonomy of provincial, federal and state cultural organisations, but offers support and guidance when requested.
反过来，联合国教科文组织认可这些省、联邦及国家文化组织(对该遗产)的自主权，但是当需要时，为它们提供支持与指导。
?in return 回报；交换；报答(常与介词for连用)；反过来
in return for 作为对……的回报
in turn 转而，反过来；依次，轮流；替换
①We offer an excellent education to our students. In return, we expect students to work hard.(2017·天津高考)
我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育。反过来，我们期待学生能努力学习。
②I wish I could do something in return for your help.
我希望我能为你做些事情回馈你的帮助。
③We learn new words and phrases，and these in turn are used in our own writing.
我们学习新词及词组，反过来我们再把它们用到我们的写作中去。
7．(教材P83)“Older people are easily forgotten or ignored in a country like the USA，”said Robin Rodar, one of the organisers.
计划组织者之一罗宾·罗达说道：“在像美国这样的国家里，老年人很容易被社会遗忘或者忽视。”
?ignore v. 忽视；不理；不管
(1)ignorance n．[U] 无知，不学无术
in ignorance of 无知
(2)ignorant adj. (人)无知的；无教养的；不知道的
be ignorant of 对……不知道
①I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely!
我向她打招呼，可她根本不理我！
②Both the doctor and his wife looked slightly shocked at his ignorance (ignore)．
医生和他的妻子都对他的无知感到有点惊讶。
③Many people are worryingly ignorant of the facts about global warming.
许多人竟然不知道地球变暖的事实，实在令人担忧。
8．(教材P83)Twice a year, in spring and autumn, the program honours three older New Mexicans.
这个计划每年实施两次，在春季和秋季，授予三位新墨西哥州老人荣誉。
?honour
(1)vt.给予荣誉，尊敬
honour sb.with sth. 以……向某人表示敬意
be honoured with 被授予……
be honoured for 因……而受到尊敬
be/feel honoured to do sth. 因做……而感到荣幸
①He was honoured with a golden medal for his excellent speech.
他以出色的演讲赢得了一项金奖。
②I feel greatly honoured to be invited (invite) to attend the meeting.
能受邀参加此次会议我感到荣幸之至。
(2)n.尊敬；光荣，荣幸；令人尊敬的人/事
do sb.an honour 给某人带来荣誉
have the honour of (doing) sth. 有(做)某事的荣幸
in honour of 为纪念……
It is an honour to do ... 很荣幸做……
③Would you like to do me an honour to have a coffee with me?
你肯赏光跟我喝杯咖啡吗？
④We have a party in honour of the famous artist.
为纪念这位著名的艺术家我们举办了一场聚会。
⑤It is an honour to be here to celebrate the Mid?Autumn Festival with you.
能跟你们一起在这里庆祝中秋节我感到非常荣幸。
But some people feel that there needs to be a compromise between the term “heritage” which suggests something old?fashioned, and the fact that TCM is still developing as a medical science.
不过“遗产”表明某事物过时了，但事实上中医作为一种医药科学仍在发展着。有些人感觉两者之间要有个折中。
本句中there needs to be ... 是there be 句型的变体。 There be 句型的常见变体：
①There needs to be a rule to forbid employees to be late.
需要有规则来禁止员工迟到。
②There happens to be nobody here.
这儿碰巧没人。
③Look! The boss is angry. There is likely to be trouble with Tom.
看！老板生气了，汤姆可能要有麻烦了。
④There has never been anybody like you.
从来不曾有像你这样的人。
[名师点津] (1)There be句型及其变体中的谓语动词单复数与其后的主语单复数一致，即遵循就近原则。
(2)在There be句型及其变体的反意疑问句中，反问部分仍用there。
⑤There lies a wallet on the ground, doesn't there?
地上有个钱包，不是吗？
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I don't know whether they advocate banning (ban) parking cars in the city centre.
2．You remind me so much of your brother, especially when you smile.
3．We must show no mercy to our enemies.
4．The teacher asked him to give the reason for being absent from yesterday's exam.
5．The speaker said that he was feeling highly honoured as one of the guests invited to the press conference.
6．To join in the club, you have to undertake to buy (buy) at least six books a year.
7．His ignorant (ignore)behaviour at the dinner table caused much embarrassment.
8．Our papers are checked as we go through passport control at the airport.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He thinks it an honour to have been invited to the party.
被邀请参加晚会他感到荣幸。
2．Life is very much like a mirror: if you smile upon it, in return, it smiles back upon you.
生活就像一面镜子：如果你对它微笑，反过来，它对你也微笑。
3．She has just got through to inform us that she arrived there at 9：15.
她刚才打通电话告诉我们说，她九点一刻到了那儿。
4．These water plants float at the mercy of the waves on the water.
那些水草都随着水波在水面上漂荡。
5．There used to be a big supermarket, but it has been moved to another place.
这里曾经有一个大超市，不过现在已被搬到别处去了。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．According to the investigation, there are six million inhabitants (居民) in the city.
2．Within the next 100 years, mankind (人类) may no longer use radio.
3．Try to avoid being subjective (主观的) and one?sided when looking at problems.
4．Under the guidance (指导) of the expert, we have made great progress.
5．He undertook (许诺) to finish the job by Friday after I reminded him many times.
6．Most of the people don't advocate (拥护) building large factories in this area.
7．The department concerned is making a thorough (详尽的) investigation into the incident.
8．His long absence (缺席) from work delayed his promotion.
9．Racial discrimination (歧视) against Afro?Americans may still exist.
10．I planned to have the photograph enlarged (放大) and hang it on the wall.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th in the honour of the birth of Jesus Christ.去掉第一个the
2．I have just got through the book so far; I intend to read it thoroughly when I get more time.got→gone
3．There is stands the Monument to the People's Heroes.去掉is
4．The new nation undertook to teaching its illiterate citizens to read and write. teaching→teach
5．Plants' leaves turn yellow in absence of light. absence前加the
6．Tom reminded that the restaurants were expensive and their service there was poor, too.reminded前加was
Ⅲ.选词填空
in ignorance of， have mercy on， be reminded of， be absent from， be honoured for， in return
1.When they were about to kill him, he begged them to have mercy on him.
2．It might be better to keep her in ignorance of what has happened.
3．He was absent from work because he had the flu.
4．The teacher was honoured for his excellent work.
5．I will help you with your math and in return, you should help me with my science.
6．At every moment I am reminded of what I have seen in Chicago.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I may forget to repay the five pounds you lent me unless you remind me of it.
2.The doctor recommended he (should) stay (stay) a few more days in hospital.
3．The actor never shaved his famous beard for any role, even at the request of movie producers.
4．We'll be free tomorrow, so I propose we (should) visit (visit) the history museum.
5．If you don't hurry up, you will miss the plane.
6．The koala is listed among Australia's endangered (danger) animals.
7．The old doctor deserved to be honoured for a lifetime of unselfish work among the sick natives.
8．The absence (absent) of a quiet place at home where children can study was also having a negative effect.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The film is made in honor of those people (为了纪念那些人) losing their lives in the war.
2．Please go through your answers again (再次检查你的答案) before handing in your paper.
3．The boy always helped the manager's son study English, so the manager gave him a computer in return (给了他一台电脑作为回报)．
4．Apart from a few words (除了几个单词之外), I do not know any French at all.
5．Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death (导致了她的死亡)．
6．We want to know how the earth came into existence (形成)．
7．It is well known that reading is of vital importance in language learning (在语言学习中至关重要)．
8．Visitors are requested to leave their coats (被要求留下外套) in the cloakroom.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Petra may be the treasure of an ancient world, hidden behind a tall mountain. Its beautiful scenery makes it one of the greatest ancient sites still standing today. Common sense says “perhaps there's nothing on the planet that looks like it”. Without a doubt, there's nothing in the world that resembles it. The rock?carved rose?red town of Petra is filled with a mysterious charm that had been “designed to strike wonder into all who entered it”．
Petra is the legacy from the Nabataeans, a hard?working group of Arab people who settled in southern Jordan more than 2,000 years ago. Admired then because of their culture, architecture and complex dams and water channels, Petra has become a UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) world heritage site and listed in the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Petra is the most well?known site in Jordan located about 262 km south of Amman and 133 km north of Aqaba. The Dead Sea is 80 kilometers north of it. The steeply rising sides of a long, cool, dark and narrow gorge (峡谷) basically keep the sunlight out. Suddenly the gorge opens right into a natural square covered with Petra's most well?known monuments, which glows in the bright sun. The ancient city shows the visitors its beautiful look. The town is large and the quality of the architecture is surprising. It leads someone to think about the creativity from the Nabataeans who made Petra their capital.
Petra was the top architectural site for more than 400 years until it was occupied by the Romans in 106 AD. It was seen first when discovered in 1812 after being lost through the 10th century for nearly 300 years! Petra has 800 monuments, including buildings, tombs, baths, halls, temples, and streets, which were mostly carved in the pretty sandstone. Petra sights are in their finest in the early morning and the late afternoon. Once the sun warms the colorful stones, you will see the majesty of Petra.
语篇解读：本文介绍了具有悠久历史的古城佩特拉。
1．What do we know about Petra from the passage?
A．It is on the top of a mountain.
B．It was a palace for the king.
C．It is a unique site.
D．It was built by the Nabataeans in 106 AD.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段“Common sense says ‘perhaps there's nothing on the planet that looks like it’．”可推断佩特拉风光的独特性，故选C。
2．Where is Petra according to the passage?
A．It is about 133 km south of Aqaba.
B．It is about 262 km north of Amman.
C．It is 80 km south of the Dead Sea.
D．It is in south?east Jordan.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段“The Dead Sea is 80 kilometers north of it.”可知，答案为C。
3．According to the passage, Petra was lost .
A．in the 1500s B．in the 1600s
C．in the 1700s D．in the 1800s
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“It was seen first when discovered in 1812 after being lost through the 10th century for nearly 300 years！”可知，答案为A。
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Jordan, a country worth visiting
B．Petra, Jordan's wonder of the world
C．The treasure hidden behind a mountain
D．Petra, the best?known ancient city in the world
解析：选B 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Petra may be the treasure of an ancient world, hidden behind a tall mountain.”和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了约旦的一座古城佩特拉的特色，故答案为B。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Last Sunday morning, I drove home after my weekly shopping.Suddenly, a white car turned into the main road and 1 (drive) in front of me. I saw there was a wallet on top of the car.Then the wallet fell from the car.I sounded the horn (喇叭) twice to warn the driver, 2 he didn't hear.Therefore, I got off and picked the wallet up.
I checked the wallet 3 (see) if I could get any phone number.I found a card and called the two numbers on it. But I 4 (tell) they were wrong numbers. 5 (late), I found a driving license and used the address to find his house. 6 is a 15?minute drive from my home.When I got 7 his house, I saw his wife first.The lady was really happy that I had found her husband's wallet.The man ran to us at the gate and 8 (warm) welcomed me to their house. 9 (give) the wallet to him, I asked him to check if everything was inside.They offered me twenty 10 (dollar) for gas, but I refused it.
语篇解读：作者在回家的路上捡到一个从车上掉落的钱包，通过钱包里驾驶证上的家庭住址，找到了失主的家并归还钱包。
1．drove 本空动词应与前面的turned时态一致，故用一般过去时。
2．but 这里表示我按了喇叭提醒前车的司机，但他没有听到。此处为转折关系，故用but。
3．to see 这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示作者查看钱包看看能不能找到电话号码，故填to see。
4．was told 根据语境可知，作者被告知这两个号码都是错的，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。
5．Later 副词later意为“稍后；随后”。
6．It 这里使用it表示距离。
7．to get to表示“到达”。
8．warmly 此处用副词修饰动词welcomed。
9．Giving 此处give作伴随状语，与句子主语I之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词形式Giving。
10．dollars dollar为可数名词，根据前面的数词twenty可知，这里应该用其复数形式dollars。
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19
Section Ⅴ Writing— 介绍文化遗产
一、基本结构
介绍文化遗产时，一般会涉及以下几个方面：
1．遗产的名称、地点；
2．其基本历史情况；
3．其作为文化遗产的地位及特点；
4．对文化遗产进行的保护等。
二、注意事项
写作时要注意以下几个方面：
1．整理材料时，要进行综合分析，把握素材，分清主次，敢于取舍，不求面面俱到；
2．时态的转换：以一般现在时为主，辅以一般过去时、一般将来时等；
3．行文时，力求通篇连贯，表达简明扼要，语言规范；
4．注意使用恰当的关联词及一些常用句子。
三、增分佳句
1．Located in ..., it has a history of more than ... years.
2．Dating back to the ...Dynasty, the ... is considered as one of the most famous heritages in ...
3．With the original purpose of ..., it was built mainly to protect ... from ...
4．It was first used as ...and later, the people living there decided to ...
5．It has become the symbol of ...
6．It was listed in the world cultural heritage in ... after ...
7．In recent years, the local government has spent much money efficiently protecting ...
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom下周将来中国旅游，第一站选在了北京的故宫。请用英语给他写一封电子邮件介绍故宫的一些情况。
1．名称：北京故宫也叫紫禁城；
2．位置：北京市区中心；
3．建设：始建于1406年，至今已有600多年的历史；
4．规模：
(1)占地面积72万平方米；宫内殿宇9 000多间；
(2)收藏珍贵历代文物和艺术品约100万件；
(3)是世界上现存最完整、规模最大的木结构建筑。
5．申遗成功时间：1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：木结构建筑 timber structure
Dear Tom，
I'm glad to hear that you are coming for a travel in China next week. I'm willing to tell you something about the Palace Museum which is also called the Forbidden City.
I'm looking forward to your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为一篇应用文；
2．确定人称：本文主要人称为第一人称和第三人称；
3．确定时态：本文主要使用一般现在时和一般过去时。
二、构思
第一部分：首先表明收到来信很高兴，接着引入主题，即向对方介绍故宫。此部分文章已给出。
第二部分：此部分为文章的主体，要包括题干给出的所有要点。此外可适当发挥，注意语意连贯。
第三部分：建议对方亲自来看看。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．be located/situated in 位于
2．have a history of 有……的历史
3．cover an area of 占地面积为
4．have a large collection of 收藏着
5．be listed in 被列入
6．in person 亲自
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．故宫位于北京市中心，是中国最著名的文化遗产之一。
The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing, and it is one of the most famous cultural heritages of China.
2．它始建于1406年，已有600多年的历史。
Its construction started in 1406 and now it has a history of over six hundred years.
3．它占地面积72万平方米，宫内殿宇9 000多间，是世界上现存最完整、规模最大的木结构建筑。
It covers an area of 720 thousand square metres and owns over nine thousand palaces, which makes it the most complete and the largest timber structure in the world.
4．它收藏珍贵历代文物和艺术品约100万件。
It has a large collection of precious cultural relics and artworks, the number of which is over one million.
5．故宫在1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》
The Palace Museum was listed in the World Cultural Heritage Directory in 1987.
6．你亲自去看才会完全欣赏它的光彩。
When you visit it in person you can fully enjoy its brilliance.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用过去分词短语作状语改写句1
Located in the center of Beijing, the Palace Museum is one of the most famous cultural heritages of China.
2．用现在分词作结果状语改写句3
It covers an area of 720 thousand square metres and owns over nine thousand palaces, making it the most complete and the largest timber structure in the world.
3．用only开头的倒装句改写句6
Only when you visit it in person can you fully enjoy its brilliance.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Dear Tom，
I'm glad to hear that you are coming for a travel in China next week. I'm willing to tell you something about the Palace Museum which is also called the Forbidden City.
Located in the center of Beijing, the Palace Museum is one of the most famous cultural heritages of China. Its construction started in 1406 and now it has a history of over six hundred years. It covers an area of 720 thousand square metres and owns over nine thousand palaces, making it the most complete and the largest timber structure in the world. It has a large collection of precious cultural relics and artworks, the number of which is over one million. The Palace Museum was listed in the World Cultural Heritage in 1987. Only when you visit it in person can you fully enjoy its brilliance.
I'm looking forward to your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
3
单元加餐练（一） 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Mom put a heavy wool hat on Grandpa's head. “Wait until I get your 1 ，” she said.
“Your mother is putting enough 2 on me to kill a man，” Grandpa laughed. His simple joke was like a wind among the tree. I started to 3 ， too. He thought I was laughing at his 4 and he was pleased. But actually I was laughing at his 5 clothes. Grandpa wore a thick wool suit that made him look like a white fat bear. Mom had 6 Grandpa as if it were freezing and there were 7 on the ground but the fact was not so. When I looked at the sunshine and green grass through the 8 ， I laughed harder. Grandpa also laughed 9 me.
“I am going to see my old friend，” he said when Mom 10 with his gloves.
“Who is he, Grandpa？” I asked 11 he didn't seem to hear what I said.
He 12 stood there and let Mom put the gloves on his hands.
Grandpa said, “I know he will still be there waiting for me.”
Mom 13 the front door for Grandpa. He walked slowly outside, holding the 14 firmly in one hand. Perhaps he would 15 his gloves when he got far away from the house. That is what I did when Mom 16 not see me. Sometimes I even put my 17 into the cool water of the river.
“He used to be a 18 man，” Mom said. “No man could cut down more trees than your Grandpa. He could lift the heaviest tree in the woods.”
“Who is Grandpa going to see？” I asked.
“He is going to see 19 . He is just to talk to himself.” She answered 20 . Her quiet voice sounded like saying to herself.
语篇解读：本文有三个主人公：年事已高的祖父、中年母亲、还有年少的作者。故事通过三代人之间的交流、理解，展现了一家人互相恩爱关照的温暖画面。
1．A.mail B．box
C．gloves D．shoes
解析：选C 根据第三段中的“with his gloves”可知，妈妈是去给外公取手套。
2．A.clothes B．praise
C．burden D．hat
解析：选A 从下文中“Grandpa wore a thick wool suit that made him look like a white fat bear.”可知，外公穿着很厚实的衣服。
3．A.cry B．sigh
C．think D．laugh
解析：选D 根据上文，“his simple joke”可知，作者也开始笑了。
4．A.hair B．words
C．thoughts D．face
解析：选B 根据上文，他认为我因他的话而大笑，所以很高兴。
5．A.new B．unusual
C．heavy D．funny
解析：选C 根据语境，我是因为他的厚重的衣服而发笑。
6．A.changed B．expected
C．dressed D．cared
解析：选C 根据上文，妈妈给外公穿厚羊毛外套，可知此处表示妈妈给外公穿衣服就好像外面极冷并且地上有积雪一般。
7．A.leaves B．snow
C．grasses D．water
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
8．A.glasses B．trees
C．window D．street
解析：选C 根据语境，当我透过窗户看到阳光和绿草的时候，我笑得更厉害了。
9．A.about B．with
C．at D．of
解析：选B 根据语境，外公也和我一起大笑。
10．A.returned B．reviewed
C．reached D．recovered
解析：选A 根据上文“Wait until I get your 1 ”可知，此处表示妈妈拿着手套回来了。
11．A.so B．if
C．because D．but
解析：选D 根据语境，我问：“外公，他是谁？”但是外公好像没听见我说的话。
12．A.just B．even
C．ever D．never
解析：选A 根据上文可知，外公年事已高，妈妈给他穿外出的衣服。此处表示他仅仅站在那里，让妈妈给他戴上手套。
13．A.closed B．locked
C．knocked D．opened
解析：选D 根据下文“He walked slowly outside”，可知妈妈为外公打开门。
14．A.stick B．opportunity
C．door D．tree
解析：选A firmly“坚定地，牢牢地”；这个词可以暗示出，外公的手杖是牢牢地抓在手里。
15．A.set apart B．put off
C．take off D．place down
解析：选C 根据上下文可知，当他离开房子很远的时候他可能会脱去手套。
16．A.need B．should
C．could D．must
解析：选C 根据上下文，当妈妈不能看见我的时候，那就是我所做的事情。有时我甚至把手放在冰凉的河水中。
17．A.hands B．feet
C．head D．bag
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
18．A.powerful B．tall
C．young D．handsome
解析：选A 根据下文“No man could cut down more trees than your Grandpa. He could lift the heaviest tree”可知，外公曾经是很有力气的人。
19．A.somebody B．nobody
C．anyone D．everyone
解析：选B 根据下文“He is just to talk to himself.”可知，他不去见任何人，他只是自言自语。
20．A.correctly B．calmly
C．gently D．firmly
解析：选C 根据下文“Her quiet voice sounded like saying to herself.”可知，妈妈温柔地回答。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Many people tend to complain about not having good friends in their lives. Sadly, they seem to think that their own company is not enough to make them happy. Nothing could be further from the truth though. In order to get along with others, the first thing you need to do is to learn to get along with yourself. Only in this way will you succeed in developing healthy, solid relationships with others. How to develop?
Listen to your inner voice. Remember that inner voice keeps whispering to you what you really want and need as well as what you do not really want and need. It is about time you started listening to it. In order to get to know yourself in depth, it is important to learn and accept what you want and what you do not want.
Learn to enjoy your own company. You will be surprised to find out how many things you can do by yourself and actually have fun with in the process. Reading romantic novels, poetry or science fiction is only one of a few of the things that you can do by yourself, which can not only offer you hours of enjoyment, but also the chance to get to know yourself better.
Satisfy yourself. Pay special attention to your personal hygiene (卫生). Do your hair and nails often and experiment with new styles. Follow a healthy diet and exercise regularly to stay in good shape. No matter how busy your daily schedule is, always find at least an hour per day for yourself, when you can relax either by doing absolutely nothing, or doing something that you enjoy.
Learn to respect your own boundaries. Find out what your boundaries are and learn to respect them. You are the only one who knows what you can and what you cannot accept; no one else can point that out to you, or force you to compromise (妥协)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章提出了一个观点：人最好的伴侣是自己，我们要学会倾听自己内心的声音，学会了解自己，这是与他人相处的前提。
1．What is the purpose of listening to your inner voice?
A．To keep a good state of mind.
B．To know more about yourself.
C．To enjoy the time by yourself.
D．To form a relationship with others.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，学会倾听自己内心的声音，能让你对自己有更深的了解。故B项正确。
2．In order to please yourself, the writer gives some suggestions EXCEPT .
A．eating healthily
B．exercising regularly
C．experimenting with new hair styles
D．keeping on struggling
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段的第三、四句可知，A、B、C均为作者的建议，D“继续奋斗”文章没有提到。
3．What is the structure of the passage?
解析：选A 篇章结构题。本文首先提出论点：我们要学会做自己的伴侣。然后从四个方面进行具体介绍，因此本文的结构如A图所示。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
You've probably heard the phrase that “sitting is the new smoking”， and research does show that sitting long may be 1 (harm), even if you exercise regularly.
Regular exercise, particularly higher levels of physical activity, may not cancel them 2 (entire) though it appears to reduce ill effects somewhat.An 3 (analyze) of more than a dozen studies concluded that we need at least 60 minutes a day of exercise to fight the increased risk of premature (过早的) death due to sitting long. 4 the contrary, another study found that the same amount of exercise doesn't cancel the negative effects of sitting on insulin (胰岛素) levels and blood fats.
The damage from sitting for a long time 5 (think) to be due to reduced muscle activity, 6 can decrease the body's ability to regulate blood sugar and remove bad blood fats.
7 (reduce) sitting time, there are actions you can take.
·At work, stand for a few minutes every half?hour, perhaps during phone calls, tea 8 (break) or meetings.
·If possible, use a desk that lets you work both standing and seated.Or try one 9 (attach) to a treadmill (跑步机) that allows you to slowly walk while you work.
·At home, get up regularly from your computer.Make 10 attempt to stand and do the housework while watching TV.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了久坐的害处并提供了几条应对建议。
1．harmful 空格处作表语，用来形容一件事情，故填形容词harmful“有害的”。
2．entirely 空格处修饰谓语动词cancel，故用副词形式。entirely“完全地”。注意：entire转换为副词时，不可去掉结尾的e。
3．analysis 根据空格前的An可知，此处要填可数名词单数。analysis“分析”。
4．On on the contrary“相反”是固定搭配，故填On。
5．is thought 此处描述客观情况，故用一般现在时，本句用了“Sb./Sth.be thought to do”句型，故用被动语态。
6．which 分析句子结构可知，逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是“reduced muscle activity”，空格处在从句中作主语，故用which引导。
7．To reduce 逗号前是非谓语动词短语，再根据语境可知，此处表示“为了……”，故要用不定式作目的状语。
8．breaks 此处表示“在打电话、喝茶或开会期间”。此处break作可数名词，表示“间歇，休息”，空格前无限定词修饰，故用break的复数形式。
9．attached 分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰空格前的代词one。one是及物动词attach所表示的动作的承受者，故填过去分词attached。
10．an make an attempt to do sth.“尝试/试图做某事”，是固定搭配，故填不定冠词an。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Greta was my neighbor. When I was the little girl, I liked spending time for her. She often taught me why to read and write. Because of her, I fall in love with reading and writing. I had many wonderful memory with her. After Greta's husband died, the local bank tried take away her house and land. Thanks to my father, Greta got to keeping everything. When I was asked my father why he tried so hardly to help Greta, he said, “She taught you the basic knowledge of reading and writing. She was your first teacher. They deserved my help.”
答案：第二句：the→a; for→with
第三句：why→how
第四句：fall→fell
第五句：memory→memories
第六句：tried后加to
第七句：keeping→keep
第八句：去掉was; hardly→hard
第十句：They→She
Ⅲ.书面表达
请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文，介绍一项人类非物质文化遗产——京剧。
1．被称为国剧，有着近200年的历史，享誉国内外；
2．始于18世纪末期，发展于19世纪中期，在清代尤其盛行；
3．中国当代戏剧的代表，受到全世界的欢迎。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Beijing Opera, or Peking Opera, which is known as Chinese national opera, has been nearly 200 years old, with high reputation both at home and abroad.
Arising in the late 18th century, Beijing Opera became fully developed and recognized in the mid?19th century. And it was during the Qing Dynasty that the Beijing Opera was enjoying its highest popularity. So far it has been regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.
Now it's the representative of the modern Chinese opera as well as an opera of world?class. In addition to its presence in mainland China, Beijing Opera has spread to many other places. It can be found in Hong Kong, Taiwan and overseas Chinese communities elsewhere.
PAGE
6
Module 6 The World's Cultural Heritage
单元小结
There are a lot of remains in this place. No one knows when they came into existence. But the absence of protection, weeds and exposure to the sun contributed to great damage to them. Scientists recommended the government not to ignore these remains. They advocated raising public's awareness of preserving the precious heritages. Apart from this, they also proposed the government should make a thorough plan to protect the remains. Luckily, the government undertook to do as the agreement said. The laws about protecting the relics went through.
这个地方有很多遗迹，没有人知道它们什么时候开始存在的。然而，缺乏保护、杂草横生、暴露于阳光下对它们造成极大的破坏。科学家们建议政府不要忽视这些遗迹。他们主张提高公民保护这些珍贵遗产的意识。除此之外，他们还提议政府应该制定详尽的保护遗迹的方案。幸运的是，政府同意按照协议上说的去做了。保护遗迹的法律也被通过了。
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Mom put a heavy wool hat on Grandpa's head. “Wait until I get your 1 ，” she said.
“Your mother is putting enough 2 on me to kill a man，” Grandpa laughed. His simple joke was like a wind among the tree. I started to 3 ， too. He thought I was laughing at his 4 and he was pleased. But actually I was laughing at his 5 clothes. Grandpa wore a thick wool suit that made him look like a white fat bear. Mom had 6 Grandpa as if it were freezing and there were 7 on the ground but the fact was not so. When I looked at the sunshine and green grass through the 8 ， I laughed harder. Grandpa also laughed 9 me.
“I am going to see my old friend，” he said when Mom 10 with his gloves.
“Who is he, Grandpa？” I asked 11 he didn't seem to hear what I said.
He 12 stood there and let Mom put the gloves on his hands.
Grandpa said, “I know he will still be there waiting for me.”
Mom 13 the front door for Grandpa. He walked slowly outside, holding the 14 firmly in one hand. Perhaps he would 15 his gloves when he got far away from the house. That is what I did when Mom 16 not see me. Sometimes I even put my 17 into the cool water of the river.
“He used to be a 18 man，” Mom said. “No man could cut down more trees than your Grandpa. He could lift the heaviest tree in the woods.”
“Who is Grandpa going to see？” I asked.
“He is going to see 19 . He is just to talk to himself.” She answered 20 . Her quiet voice sounded like saying to herself.
语篇解读：本文有三个主人公：年事已高的祖父、中年母亲、还有年少的作者。故事通过三代人之间的交流、理解，展现了一家人互相恩爱关照的温暖画面。
1．A.mail B．box
C．gloves D．shoes
解析：选C 根据第三段中的“with his gloves”可知，妈妈是去给外公取手套。
2．A.clothes B．praise
C．burden D．hat
解析：选A 从下文中“Grandpa wore a thick wool suit that made him look like a white fat bear.”可知，外公穿着很厚实的衣服。
3．A.cry B．sigh
C．think D．laugh
解析：选D 根据上文，“his simple joke”可知，作者也开始笑了。
4．A.hair B．words
C．thoughts D．face
解析：选B 根据上文，他认为我因他的话而大笑，所以很高兴。
5．A.new B．unusual
C．heavy D．funny
解析：选C 根据语境，我是因为他的厚重的衣服而发笑。
6．A.changed B．expected
C．dressed D．cared
解析：选C 根据上文，妈妈给外公穿厚羊毛外套，可知此处表示妈妈给外公穿衣服就好像外面极冷并且地上有积雪一般。
7．A.leaves B．snow
C．grasses D．water
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
8．A.glasses B．trees
C．window D．street
解析：选C 根据语境，当我透过窗户看到阳光和绿草的时候，我笑得更厉害了。
9．A.about B．with
C．at D．of
解析：选B 根据语境，外公也和我一起大笑。
10．A.returned B．reviewed
C．reached D．recovered
解析：选A 根据上文“Wait until I get your 1 ”可知，此处表示妈妈拿着手套回来了。
11．A.so B．if
C．because D．but
解析：选D 根据语境，我问：“外公，他是谁？”但是外公好像没听见我说的话。
12．A.just B．even
C．ever D．never
解析：选A 根据上文可知，外公年事已高，妈妈给他穿外出的衣服。此处表示他仅仅站在那里，让妈妈给他戴上手套。
13．A.closed B．locked
C．knocked D．opened
解析：选D 根据下文“He walked slowly outside”，可知妈妈为外公打开门。
14．A.stick B．opportunity
C．door D．tree
解析：选A firmly“坚定地，牢牢地”；这个词可以暗示出，外公的手杖是牢牢地抓在手里。
15．A.set apart B．put off
C．take off D．place down
解析：选C 根据上下文可知，当他离开房子很远的时候他可能会脱去手套。
16．A.need B．should
C．could D．must
解析：选C 根据上下文，当妈妈不能看见我的时候，那就是我所做的事情。有时我甚至把手放在冰凉的河水中。
17．A.hands B．feet
C．head D．bag
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
18．A.powerful B．tall
C．young D．handsome
解析：选A 根据下文“No man could cut down more trees than your Grandpa. He could lift the heaviest tree”可知，外公曾经是很有力气的人。
19．A.somebody B．nobody
C．anyone D．everyone
解析：选B 根据下文“He is just to talk to himself.”可知，他不去见任何人，他只是自言自语。
20．A.correctly B．calmly
C．gently D．firmly
解析：选C 根据下文“Her quiet voice sounded like saying to herself.”可知，妈妈温柔地回答。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Many people tend to complain about not having good friends in their lives. Sadly, they seem to think that their own company is not enough to make them happy. Nothing could be further from the truth though. In order to get along with others, the first thing you need to do is to learn to get along with yourself. Only in this way will you succeed in developing healthy, solid relationships with others. How to develop?
Listen to your inner voice. Remember that inner voice keeps whispering to you what you really want and need as well as what you do not really want and need. It is about time you started listening to it. In order to get to know yourself in depth, it is important to learn and accept what you want and what you do not want.
Learn to enjoy your own company. You will be surprised to find out how many things you can do by yourself and actually have fun with in the process. Reading romantic novels, poetry or science fiction is only one of a few of the things that you can do by yourself, which can not only offer you hours of enjoyment, but also the chance to get to know yourself better.
Satisfy yourself. Pay special attention to your personal hygiene (卫生). Do your hair and nails often and experiment with new styles. Follow a healthy diet and exercise regularly to stay in good shape. No matter how busy your daily schedule is, always find at least an hour per day for yourself, when you can relax either by doing absolutely nothing, or doing something that you enjoy.
Learn to respect your own boundaries. Find out what your boundaries are and learn to respect them. You are the only one who knows what you can and what you cannot accept; no one else can point that out to you, or force you to compromise (妥协)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章提出了一个观点：人最好的伴侣是自己，我们要学会倾听自己内心的声音，学会了解自己，这是与他人相处的前提。
1．What is the purpose of listening to your inner voice?
A．To keep a good state of mind.
B．To know more about yourself.
C．To enjoy the time by yourself.
D．To form a relationship with others.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，学会倾听自己内心的声音，能让你对自己有更深的了解。故B项正确。
2．In order to please yourself, the writer gives some suggestions EXCEPT .
A．eating healthily
B．exercising regularly
C．experimenting with new hair styles
D．keeping on struggling
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段的第三、四句可知，A、B、C均为作者的建议，D“继续奋斗”文章没有提到。
3．What is the structure of the passage?
解析：选A 篇章结构题。本文首先提出论点：我们要学会做自己的伴侣。然后从四个方面进行具体介绍，因此本文的结构如A图所示。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
You've probably heard the phrase that “sitting is the new smoking”， and research does show that sitting long may be 1 (harm), even if you exercise regularly.
Regular exercise, particularly higher levels of physical activity, may not cancel them 2 (entire) though it appears to reduce ill effects somewhat.An 3 (analyze) of more than a dozen studies concluded that we need at least 60 minutes a day of exercise to fight the increased risk of premature (过早的) death due to sitting long. 4 the contrary, another study found that the same amount of exercise doesn't cancel the negative effects of sitting on insulin (胰岛素) levels and blood fats.
The damage from sitting for a long time 5 (think) to be due to reduced muscle activity, 6 can decrease the body's ability to regulate blood sugar and remove bad blood fats.
7 (reduce) sitting time, there are actions you can take.
·At work, stand for a few minutes every half?hour, perhaps during phone calls, tea 8 (break) or meetings.
·If possible, use a desk that lets you work both standing and seated.Or try one 9 (attach) to a treadmill (跑步机) that allows you to slowly walk while you work.
·At home, get up regularly from your computer.Make 10 attempt to stand and do the housework while watching TV.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了久坐的害处并提供了几条应对建议。
1．harmful 空格处作表语，用来形容一件事情，故填形容词harmful“有害的”。
2．entirely 空格处修饰谓语动词cancel，故用副词形式。entirely“完全地”。注意：entire转换为副词时，不可去掉结尾的e。
3．analysis 根据空格前的An可知，此处要填可数名词单数。analysis“分析”。
4．On on the contrary“相反”是固定搭配，故填On。
5．is thought 此处描述客观情况，故用一般现在时，本句用了“Sb./Sth.be thought to do”句型，故用被动语态。
6．which 分析句子结构可知，逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是“reduced muscle activity”，空格处在从句中作主语，故用which引导。
7．To reduce 逗号前是非谓语动词短语，再根据语境可知，此处表示“为了……”，故要用不定式作目的状语。
8．breaks 此处表示“在打电话、喝茶或开会期间”。此处break作可数名词，表示“间歇，休息”，空格前无限定词修饰，故用break的复数形式。
9．attached 分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰空格前的代词one。one是及物动词attach所表示的动作的承受者，故填过去分词attached。
10．an make an attempt to do sth.“尝试/试图做某事”，是固定搭配，故填不定冠词an。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Greta was my neighbor. When I was the little girl, I liked spending time for her. She often taught me why to read and write. Because of her, I fall in love with reading and writing. I had many wonderful memory with her. After Greta's husband died, the local bank tried take away her house and land. Thanks to my father, Greta got to keeping everything. When I was asked my father why he tried so hardly to help Greta, he said, “She taught you the basic knowledge of reading and writing. She was your first teacher. They deserved my help.”
答案：第二句：the→a; for→with
第三句：why→how
第四句：fall→fell
第五句：memory→memories
第六句：tried后加to
第七句：keeping→keep
第八句：去掉was; hardly→hard
第十句：They→She
Ⅲ.书面表达
请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文，介绍一项人类非物质文化遗产——京剧。
1．被称为国剧，有着近200年的历史，享誉国内外；
2．始于18世纪末期，发展于19世纪中期，在清代尤其盛行；
3．中国当代戏剧的代表，受到全世界的欢迎。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Beijing Opera, or Peking Opera, which is known as Chinese national opera, has been nearly 200 years old, with high reputation both at home and abroad.
Arising in the late 18th century, Beijing Opera became fully developed and recognized in the mid?19th century. And it was during the Qing Dynasty that the Beijing Opera was enjoying its highest popularity. So far it has been regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.
Now it's the representative of the modern Chinese opera as well as an opera of world?class. In addition to its presence in mainland China, Beijing Opera has spread to many other places. It can be found in Hong Kong, Taiwan and overseas Chinese communities elsewhere.
(Modules 5～6)
第一部分 听力 (满分30分，限时20分钟)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．In a restaurant.
B．In a supermarket.
C．In the kitchen.
2．What are the speakers talking about?
A．The man's sister.
B．A party.
C．An actor.
3．Who is going to work in Los Angeles?
A．Sam. B．Betty. C．John.
4．What will the man do next?
A．Get the candle.
B．Make a phone call.
C．Hand in his report.
5．What did the young man do?
A．He hit a boy.
B．He made a U?turn.
C．He crossed the road quickly.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．How does the man get the information about homeless population?
A．From an article.
B．From the radio.
C．From TV.
7．Which country has the highest percentage of homeless people?
A．India. B．The US. C．Germany.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Where does the man work?
A．In a school.
B．In a gym.
C．In a club.
9．How far can the woman run in an hour on the running machine?
A．About 7 kilometers.
B．About 8 kilometers.
C．About 10 kilometers.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．When did the woman catch the thief?
A．On Monday morning.
B．On Monday afternoon.
C．On Tuesday morning.
11．What did the thief buy?
A．Some small articles.
B．Some of the cheapest things.
C．One of the most expensive dresses.
12．What's the real relationship between the assistant and the thief?
A．Mother and daughter.
B．Teacher and student.
C．Shop assistant and customer.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What is the man doing here?
A．Taking a business trip.
B．Having a holiday alone.
C．Visiting his girlfriend.
14．How much will the man pay for the insurance?
A．D|S15. B．D|S45. C．D|S135.
15．Where will the man return the car?
A．In Los Angeles.
B．In San Francisco.
C．In New York.
16．What will the woman do next?
A．Bring the man the keys.
B．Talk about the insurance.
C．Bring the man some forms.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What are “mall rats” according to the text?
A．Those who spend a lot of time in malls.
B．Those who shop regularly in malls.
C．Those who steal things from malls.
18．Which is not the reason why people like malls?
A．Feeling safe.
B．Free parking.
C．Reasonable price.
19．How many night clubs are there in the Mall of America in Minnesota?
A．35. B．8. C．7.
20．When was the first indoor mall built in America?
A．In 1935. B．In 1963. C．In 1965.
答案：1～5 ACCAB 6～10 ABCBA
11～15 AACBA 16～20 CACBC
听力材料
Text 1
M：I'll have the steak, French fries and chocolate ice cream for dessert.
W：Oh, no, you know these things are bad for your health. How about ordering some vegetables and fruits instead?
Text 2
W：I hate to say it, but Jacky isn't doing well in the new film.
M：Well, I think he's only playing a different type of role. My sister thinks he is still the best.
Text 3
M：I met Sam on the street today.
W：Really? Did he say something about his sister?
M：Yes. Betty ought to be leaving New York very soon, because her husband, John, has taken a job in Los Angeles.
Text 4
M：A power cut. Oh, I have to hand in this report tomorrow.
W：Just take out your cell phone to get the candle in the drawer.
M：OK.
Text 5
W：Did you see what that young man did?
M：No. I was looking at the other way.
W：He made a U?turn in the middle of the block and almost hit a boy on a bicycle.
M：Drivers get crazier these days.
Text 6
W：What are you looking at, Jim?
M：I'm reading an article about the world's homeless population.
W：Homeless population?
M：Yes, sociologists define homeless people as those who have no fixed shelter on any given night. These figures show five countries with large homeless population.
W：Wow, that's amazing. I never realized that there were so many homeless people in Germany and France.
M：You know what? Our own country the USA ranks number one among these countries!
W：Surely not! India tops the list with three million homeless people.
M：Well, it depends on how you look at it. Although we have a million fewer homeless people than India, we have the highest percentage of homeless people.
Text 7
M：Hello, Madam. We're doing a survey of our customers. How often do you come to the club?
W：Three times a week, usually.
M：Can you run 10 kilometers in an hour on the running machine?
W：Oh, no, I can't. Maybe 8 kilometers.
M：Do you use the swimming pool? You know, the new swimming pool.
W：No, I don't. I don't know how to swim. And I'm scared of water.
M：OK. You know, we offer lessons here. I'm sure our trainer can help you.
Text 8
W：People are not so honest as they once were.
M：Why do you say so?
W：Some people are tempted to steal in large shops.
M：Did you catch one of them?
W：Yes, on Monday morning. There were few people in the shop, so I could catch the thief easily.
M：Was it a man or a woman?
W：A middle?aged woman. She first bought some small articles. Then she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop.
M：Did she catch the dress away quickly regardless of the assistants?
W：Certainly not. An assistant wrapped it up for her and helped her walk out of the shop without paying.
M：An assistant? How could she do that?
W：She is the daughter of the woman. The girl “gave” her mother a free dress once a week!
Text 9
W：Good morning, sir. What can I do for you?
M：I would like to rent a car with a good air conditioner.
W：All our cars have air conditioners in them.
M：Good. I am here visiting my girlfriend. I want her to have a good time.
W：Oh, is that so? Well, then, let me show you something she might like.
M：This is a Porsche!
W：Yes. Beautiful, isn't it?
M：Yes, it looks fantastic.
W：So you will take the Porsche then, sir?
M：Yes, for three days. And I want to buy the insurance too. I think it's necessary.
W：You're smart to buy it. At 45 dollars for three days, it is a good deal.
M：Can I return the car in San Francisco?
W：San Francisco? No, sir. We only have this office here. You will have to return it here in Los Angeles.
M：OK. It will be fun driving back down the coast. My girlfriend will like it.
W：It's a beautiful drive.
M：Where are the keys?
W：Just a moment, sir. We have to finish filling out the forms first.
Text 10
Malls are popular places for Americans to go. Some people spend so much time at malls that they are called “mall rats”. Mall rats shop until they drop in the hundreds of stores under one roof.
People like malls for many reasons. They feel safe because malls have police stations or private security guards. Parking is usually free, and the atmosphere inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest areas with waterfalls and large green trees.
The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in Minnesota. It has 350 stores, eight night clubs,
and a seven?acre park! There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars. About 750,000 people shop every week.
The first indoor mall in the United States was built in 1965 in Edina, Minnesota. Now people shop in malls, of course. They also eat in food houses that have food from all over the world. They see movies here. Some people even get their daily exercise by doing the new sport of mall walking. Others go to malls to meet friends. In a word, now residents can actually live in their favorite shopping center.
第二部分 阅读理解 (满分40分，限时35分钟)
第一节(共15小题； 每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The city of Angkor was the capital of the Khmer Empire from the 9th to the 15th centuries. It was founded on political and religious ideas adapted from India, and the temples of Angkor were intended as a place of worship (敬拜) for the king.
Angkor Wat was built by King Suryavarman Ⅱ in the 12th century as a vast funerary (丧葬的) temple that would hold his remains, suggesting his permanent identity with Vishnu.
During its six centuries as capital, Angkor went through many changes in architectural styles and in religion. The city of Angkor changed its god from the Hindu god Shiva to the Hindu god Vishnu, and finally to the Mahayana Buddhist goddess Avalokitesvara.
By the late 13th century, the once uncontrolled pace of Angkor's architectural pursuits (追求) had begun to die down, and a more limited type of religion was on the rise under the growing influence of Theravada Buddhism.
At the same time, Angkor and the Khmer Empire were increasingly threatened and attacked by invading armies. By the 16th century, the golden age of Angkor was over and many of the great temples began to gradually disappear into the jungle.
From the 15th to 19th centuries, Theravada Buddhist monks cared for Angkor Wat, and it is thanks to them that the temple remains mostly safe and sound. Angkor Wat is one of the most important pilgrimage (朝圣) sites in Southeast Asia. Angkor Wat is the best preserved example of Khmer architecture in Cambodia and is so grand in design that some rank it among the Seven Wonders of the World. It appears on the Cambodian national flag, a very rare example of a flag including an image of a building.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了柬埔寨吴哥窟的兴衰历史。
21．Angkor Wat was first built to .
A．worship the gods
B．act as a pilgrimage site
C．serve as the royal palace
D．hold the remains of a king
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，吴哥窟最初是为了保存国王的遗体而修建的。
22．Vishnu was the name of .
A．an Indian god
B．a temple in Cambodia
C．a king of the Khmer Empire
D．a monk in ancient Cambodia
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Vishnu(毗湿奴)是一个印度神的名字。
23．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Angkor Wat is widely accepted as one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
B．Theravada Buddhist monks had fought against the outside invaders.
C．Angkor Wat has become a symbol of Cambodia.
D．Angkor Wat is not so important as it used to be.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，吴哥窟的形象出现在了柬埔寨的国旗上，可见它已经成了柬埔寨的象征。
24．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．The history of Angkor Wat.
B．The protection of Angkor Wat.
C．The importance of Angkor Wat.
D．The position of Angkor Wat in Cambodian history.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了柬埔寨吴哥窟的历史。
B
In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous (土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony (殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.
The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon?rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.
“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin.“I've been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don't see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”
“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life，” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”
His black?and?white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self?supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在法属圭亚那地区的热带雨林深处居住着一群土著居民。他们虽然是法国公民，却按照自己的方式生活。一位摄影家的照片使这群土著居民进入公众视野，也使他们逐渐受到现代的法国生活方式的影响。
25．Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?
A．They seldom follow the French law.
B．They often ignore the Guianese law.
C．They are separated from the modern world.
D．They are both Guianese and French citizens.
解析：选A 细节理解题。由题干中的feel surprised定位到第一段中的信息“Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs ...”，可知土著人有自己的法律和习惯，而不遵守法国法律，这让作者吃惊，故选A项。
26．Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as .
A．a tour guide B．a geographer
C．a film director D．a photographer
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“show the audience a photographic record”以及第五段中的“black?and?white pictures”可推知Gin是一名摄影师，他通过拍摄的照片让观众了解这群土著居民，故选D项。
27．What is Gin's attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?
A．Cautious. B．Doubtful.
C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.
解析：选D 推理判断题。通读第三段可知，Gin对这群土著居民有特殊的爱，他们之间有深厚的友谊。Gin认为这是一块自由的土地。由这些描述可知Gin欣赏这群土著居民的生活方式，故选D项。
28．What does the underlined world “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The modern French lifestyle.
B．The self?supporting hunting.
C．The uncivilized world.
D．The French Republic.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。解本题的关键是读懂最后一句话。这些当地居民不得不兼顾他们传统的自给自足的狩猎生活方式和法兰西共和国带给他们的现代的生活方式，伴随这种生活方式的不仅仅有必不可少的国家福利，还有酗酒、背叛，甚至自杀。故it指代的是现代的法国的生活方式，故选A项。
C
Nail biting is a pretty common habit, affecting an estimated 30 percent of adults, 45 percent of teens, and 30 percent of children.Nail biting, which can be caused by stress, anxiety, or just being bored, may seem perfectly harmless.But it can invite bacteria infections to enter the body and blood, increasing your chances of catching a cold or the flu, according to the Mayo Clinic.Not to mention that it can ruin your smile.
The most common virus hiding under our nails is staphylococcus (葡萄球菌), which can enter the body through breaks in our skin or from absorbing them after biting your nails.If that isn't enough a warning, just imagine parasites (寄生虫), hanging out in our nail tissue as you open mouth and put in your finger.So next time the anxiety comes in, try taking five deep breaths instead.
According to the CDC, there are more than 200 cold viruses floating around at any given time.You may acquire one because of a weakened immune system or exposure to someone sick.However, you can reduce your chances of catching a virus by keeping your hands away from your mouth.Viruses that cause the cold are active on your skin as well, so wash your hands frequently with soap and water, and avoid nail biting by chewing gum.
Nail biting can also damage the teeth and gums (牙龈)．The Academy of General Dentistry has found that nail biting can break, or wear down the front teeth, and also potentially lead to sore gums and gum tissue damage.Check with your dentist whether having a mouth guard can help you to stop biting your nails — or at least reduce some of the damage it can cause.She may be able to suggest some other techniques to help you quit the habit for good.
语篇解读：很多人有咬指甲的习惯，但他们不知道的是咬指甲正严重威胁着他们的健康。
29．Who is most likely to be affected by nail biting?
A．The sixteen?year?old Bob.
B．The mother of five children, Kate.
C．The second grader Gene.
D．The seven?month?old Jane.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nail biting is a pretty common habit, affecting an estimated 30 percent of adults, 45 percent of teens, and 30 percent of children.”可知咬指甲对青少年的影响最大，也就是说青少年更容易被影响。
30．Which of the following can keep you from cold viruses?
A．Staying away from the sick.
B．Biting your nails less often.
C．Going to a dentist often.
D．Washing your face frequently.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“You may acquire one because of a weakened immune system or exposure to someone sick.”可知远离病人可以预防感冒病菌。
31．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The common habit of nail biting.
B．Why people bite their nails.
C．The bad influences of nail biting.
D．How to stop biting nails.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。本文主要说明了咬指甲的不良影响。
D
For a lot of people, skydiving (跳伞) is a necessary part of their job.For example, to rescue someone, firefighters often have to jump from planes because their destination is usually inaccessible by any other means.But a lot of people treat it as a sport just for fun.Can you imagine why someone is brave and crazy enough to do this?
Skydiving is a sport that can be extremely exciting.However, each dive is marked with potential danger that makes this sport more challenging and fascinating than any other sport.Bear in mind that skydiving is an extreme sport and it is not for everyone.If you are afraid of heights, then forget skydiving and try something else.
When a skydiver first jumps out of the plane, he will experience a feeling of downward falling.The feeling will continue until he reaches the terminal (终极的) speed which is around 120 mph.Generally this feeling will disappear because the diver is no longer increasing in speed.Most skydivers make their first jump with an experienced and trained instructor.
Taking skydiving is like flying.Some people are fascinated with the science of skydiving that enables them to actually control their movement while falling towards the earth at speeds up to 120 mph, and then gracefully float onto the ground like a butterfly. Skydiving can be thrilling and give you a sense of excitement like no other sport.People may get obsessed to the excitement after taking that first step out of the plane and into the air.
Once you have had the experience of flying through the clouds and seeing the whole views of the landscape far below, you will never want to stop skydiving.People who skydive often speak of the beauty, and the feeling of floating through the air, and clouds.Skydiving is an experience that you can share with friends and family.
语篇解读：跳伞是一项极限运动，并非每个人可以从事它，但一旦参与你就会爱上它。
32．In the second paragraph, the author mainly .
A．asks us not to try skydiving
B．tells us skydiving is thrilling
C．warns us of the potential danger in skydiving
D．explains skydiving is for none of us
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“However, each dive is marked with potential danger ...not for everyone.”可知，作者在第二段主要提醒人们跳伞运动有潜在的危险。
33．What does a skydiver feel when he reaches the terminal speed?
A．He feels extremely afraid.
B．He feels extremely excited.
C．He feels no downward falling.
D．He feels he is falling faster and faster.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The feeling will continue until he reaches ...no longer increasing in speed.”可知，在到达了终极速度后，那种向下降落的感觉会逐渐消失。
34．What does the underlined part “get obsessed to” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Become addicted to.
B．Become surprised at.
C．Become bored with.
D．Become disappointed at.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据本段语境和最后一段中“Once you have had the experience of ... you will never want to stop skydiving.”可知，get obsessed to意为“对……着迷”。
35．What's the main idea of this passage?
A．The skills of skydiving.
B．Firefighters and skydiving.
C．The safety measures in skydiving.
D．The reason why people like skydiving.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第一段的最后一句“Can you imagine why someone is brave and crazy enough to do this？”可知，作者在本文主要讲为什么人们喜欢跳伞运动。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are lots of researchers who have studied the art and science of happiness. I've dug into the most interesting habits of the happiest people in the world and decided to share them with you here.
They have a dream.When some of the happiest and longest?living people were studied, they all had such a reason. 36 That's because without a future to look towards, the past is the only thing they can look back on.Whether your dream is to travel the world, start your own business, or learn a new language, having a dream is one of the most important things in remaining optimistic when things get tough.
They can wait.Happy people are willing to wait for the rewards and focus on the journey. 37 They understand that the best things in life come to those who are patient and can stick it out for the long run.
They accept pain.Happy people know how to cheer themselves up from failure, just as the Japanese saying goes, “Fall seven times and stand up eight.” 38 Why？The reward of becoming stronger outweighs (胜过) the pain in the process.
39 That car you just bought reduced in value the moment you drove it off the parking lot.But experiences are memories that will stay with you for the rest of your life.The happiest people would rather go on a backpacking trip around Asia instead of buying a flat?screen TV that they'll seldom use.
They give more than they take. 40 They do so from raising money for charities they care about to offering a dollar to a talented artist playing the guitar in the subway.And they give their precious time to guide students.Happy people understand that this will actually make them happier in the end.
A．They are lifelong learners.
B．Happy people are always giving when they can.
C．It's possible to choose happiness in the moment.
D．People who don't have dreams are always negative.
E．They spend money on experiences instead of material things.
F．It doesn't matter how far they've come, or what's ahead for them.
G．Struggle is the evidence of progress, and happy people live by this.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了快乐人士所具备的几个习惯。
36．选D 本句中作者用反例“没有梦想的人总是消极的”说明了拥有梦想的重要性。
37．选F 本句对上一句的内容做进一步补充说明。快乐的人善于等待，不论路程有多远……，他们知道人生最好的事情总是眷顾有耐心并锲而不舍的人。
38．选G 本句是对上一句的总结，说明努力奋斗是进步的证据，也是快乐人士的生活方式。
39．选E 本句为标题句，总结了本段的主要内容，即快乐人士会把钱花在积累经验上，而不是物质享受上。下文的experiences也是重要的提示。
40．选B 本句承上启下，引出下面的例子说明快乐人士乐于付出。
第三部分 语言知识运用 (满分45分，限时30分钟)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Jenna had graduated from her middle school and was lucky enough to be admitted to Westwood College. She was ready for new 41 at the college and filled with confidence. 42 ， she didn't expect it that college life was quite 43 . In the first week, Jenna went to tryouts for cheerleaders. She was competing against very talented girls, and she knew it would be 44 for her to be selected. Two hours later, the 45 read a list of the girls for a second tryout. Her heart 46 as the list ended without her name. Feeling 47 ， she walked back to her dormitory carrying her schoolbag full of homework.
Arriving at the dormitory, she started with 48 . She had always been a good math student, but now she was 49 . She moved on to English and history, and was 50 to find that she didn't have any trouble with those subjects. Feeling better, she decided not to 51 math for the time being.
The next day Jenna went to see Mrs. Biden about being on the school 52 . Mrs. Biden wasn't as enthusiastic as Jenna. “I'm sorry, 53 we have enough 54 for the newspaper already. Come back next year and we'll talk then.”Jenna smiled 55 and left. “Why is college so different？” she sighed.
Later in math class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out the problems that had given her so much 56 . By the end of the class, she understood how to get them right. As she gathered her books, Jenna decided she'd 57 to try to fit in with her new school. She wasn't sure if she'd 58 ， but she knew she had to try. College was just as her mom had said, “You will feel like a small fish in a big pond 59 a big fish in a small pond. The challenge is to become the 60 fish you can be.”
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了主人公珍娜在进入大学后所经历的不同的挑战及其努力适应的过程。
41．A.decisions B．challenges
C．problems D．exercises
解析：选B 根据上文的“lucky enough to be admitted to Westwood College”和空前的“new”可推知，新的大学生活对主人公来讲有许多挑战，故选B。
42．A.However B．Therefore
C．Besides D．Otherwise
解析：选A 根据语境可知，上下文之间表示逻辑上的转折关系，故选A。however“然而”。
43．A.normal B．necessary
C．different D．desperate
解析：选C 根据第三段的“‘Why is college so different？’ she sighed.”可知，大学生活与主人公想象的很不一样。
44．A.simple B．troublesome
C．certain D．difficult
解析：选D 根据上文“competing against very talented girls”可推知，主人公感觉自己很难被选上，与下文的“the list ended without her name”呼应。
45．A.editor B．judge
C．boss D．candidate
解析：选B 根据语境可知，是由裁判(judge)宣布进入下一轮选拔名单的。
46．A.stopped B．jumped
C．sank D．changed
解析：选C 根据空后的“as the list ended without her name”可推知，得知没有自己的名字，即没有进入下一轮选拔，主人公心情沉重。sb.'s heart sinks 意为“心情沉重，情绪低落”。
47．A.awful B．lonely
C．happy D．strange
解析：选A 由于被淘汰了，主人公感觉糟糕(awful)。
48．A.English B．history
C．science D．math
解析：选D 根据下文的“She had always been a good math student”可推知，主人公开始做自己擅长的数学作业。
49．A.working B．struggling
C．complaining D．improving
解析：选B 根据“but”的转折含义可推知，曾经擅长的数学现在让她感觉有些吃力。
50．A.bothered B．ashamed
C．pleased D．shocked
解析：选C 根据空后的“she didn't have any trouble with those subjects”可知，主人公在英语和历史学科上没有遇到任何问题，于是很高兴，与下文的“Feeling better”呼应。
51．A.show up B．make for
C．give up D．prepare for
解析：选D 根据上文的“Feeling better”和主人公做数学作业不理想的情况可推知，主人公暂时不准备数学了。 prepare for“为……做准备”；show up “出现”； make for “向……移动，促成”；give up “放弃”。
52．A.committee B．team
C．newspaper D．radio
解析：选C 根据下文的“for the newspaper already”可推知，应选C。
53．A.and B．so
C．or D．but
解析：选D 根据语境可知，上下文之间表示逻辑上的转折关系，故选D。
54．A.writers B．players
C．speakers D．readers
解析：选A 根据“for the newspaper already”并结合选项可推知，主人公是去校报应聘撰稿人工作，结果遭到了拒绝。
55．A.brightly B．weakly
C．widely D．happily
解析：选B 根据“Come back next year and we'll talk then.”可知，主人公被校报拒绝了，因此只是淡淡地笑着离开了。
56．A.courage B．lack
C．hope D．sorrow
解析：选D 根据上文可知，主人公在数学学习上感到吃力，这些问题使她很伤心。
57．A.hesitate B．refuse
C．continue D．attempt
解析：选C 根据下文的“try to fit in with her new school”和“but she knew she had to try”可推知，主人公并没有气馁，决定继续试着适应新的学校。
58．A.succeed B．complete
C．agree D．accompany
解析：选A 根据“but she knew she had to try”可推知，主人公对于自己能否成功并没有把握，但是知道自己必须去尝试。
59．A.in the hope of B．in honor of
C．in case of D．instead of
解析：选D 根据语境可知，此处表示对比。instead of“而不是，代替”。
60．A.tallest B．best
C．hardest D．gentlest
解析：选B 结合空前一句可推知，此处表示“成为最好的鱼”，在文中引申为“做最好的自己”。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've spent a lot of time with all six of my grandchildren in the past few weeks.We've done a lot of things, including hiking, shopping, and holding birthday parties.And in all 61 hours we have spent together, I have been reminded of something: Children are completely joyful.
I know for sure that they bring me joy.Simply 62 (see) their sweet faces always makes me smile.And I think that every grandparent will agree with me that grandchildren are one of God's best 63 (invent)．
One night recently I 64 (touch) as I watched my grandchildren playing 65 (happy) with their cousins.I thought about some of the life lessons about joy that we can learn 66 the little ones: Spending time with those we love truly does make life 67 (good) than being alone.It doesn't take something big 68 (make) them happy.They find joy in the little moments and in little acts of kindness, whether it's stopping to help a little playmate up when he or she falls 69 coloring a beautiful picture for 70 (they) parents or grandparents.The same is true for us as adults.Acts of kindness to others enrich our lives.
语篇解读：作者讲述了过去几周自己跟孙子、孙女在一起度过的时光；看着他们茁壮成长，作者感到十分幸福。
61．the 根据空格后“hours we have spent together”可知这里特指作者与孙辈们在一起的时光，所以用定冠词the。
62．seeing 此处用v.?ing形式作主语表示主动。
63．inventions one of后跟可数名词复数，表示“……之一”。
64．was touched 作者是被感动所以要用被动语态，再根据前面的“One night recently”可知事情发生在过去，所以此处需用一般过去时的被动语态。
65．happily 此空用来修饰前面的动词playing，所以需填副词。
66．from learn from“向……学习”。
67．better 根据后面的“than being alone”可知此处需用good的比较级better。
68．to make It＋take＋sb.＋时间或其他＋不定式“花费某人……做某事”。it是形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。
69．or 根据上文的whether可知此处应填or。whether ...or ...是固定搭配，引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……”。
70．their 所填词作定语修饰名词，因此应该用形容词性物主代词。
第四部分 写作 (满分35分，限时35分钟)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
After Tom made friend with Henry, he fell in love with playing video games because Henry often teaches him how to do that. He was so interesting in it that he often went to sleep lately at night. As a result, he can't concentrate in class and his studies suffered. Before his mother knew his secret, she became worried and had a talk about him. She wanted him to quit playing video games. Though Tom liked playing video games, he knew it was harmful. But he asked his mother to help quit it. Luckily, with the help of his mother, he finally stopped to playing video games within two months.
答案：第一句：friend→friends; teaches→taught
第二句：interesting→interested; lately→late
第三句：can't→couldn't
第四句：Before→After; about→with
第七句：But→So; help后加him
第八句：去掉to
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper?cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．展览时间、地点；
2．展览内容。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Henry，
I am writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper?cutting art exhibition to be held in the art gallery from 8：00 am to 5：00 pm next Sunday in our city center.
Paper?cutting is a traditional art form in China, which has a history of more than 1,500 years. People often beautify their home with paper?cutting during festivals and weddings. In this exhibition, you can see paper?cutting with all kinds of patterns. In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot. I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
(模块综合)
第一部分 听力 (满分30分，限时20分钟)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．When did the alarm clock ring?
A．At 6 o'clock.
B．At 7 o'clock.
C．At 8 o'clock.
2．What does the woman want to do?
A．Open the door.
B．Let the man in.
C．Open the window.
3．What's the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Taxi driver and passenger.
B．Driver and conductor.
C．Boss and secretary.
4．Where is Jimmy now?
A．In a hotel.
B．At home.
C．In the lab.
5．What will the woman do for the man?
A．Wash his clothes.
B．Get him a wallet.
C．Take him to the store.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does the man usually do at night?
A．He studies his lessons.
B．He listens to music.
C．He watches a film on TV.
7．What does the man usually do on weekends?
A．He goes to parks.
B．He goes to ball games.
C．He goes shopping.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．At what age is a person allowed to drink in America?
A．18. B．20. C．21.
9．What does one need to do in his birthday celebration?
A．Just enjoy the special day.
B．Take care of everything.
C．Pay the bill.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Why does the company fire Jim?
A．There is a crisis and a new machine.
B．He is always late for work.
C．He's not suitable for the job.
11．What's the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Headmaster and teacher.
B．Manager and secretary.
C．Director and actress.
12．What can we learn about the man speaker?
A．He was once fired.
B．He needn't talk to Jim himself.
C．He asked Sara to work here.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What is the survey about?
A．Family life.
B．Unusual hobbies.
C．Holiday activities.
14．What is the man interested in?
A．Special exhibitions.
B．Bird shooting.
C．Mountain climbing.
15．What do we know about the man's parents?
A．They live with the man.
B．They like to stay at home.
C．They are fond of art galleries.
16．Where does the man's wife like to go?
A．The seaside.
B．Castles.
C．Ski resorts.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Whose pet dog was the one in 1918?
A．A doctor's.
B．A soldier's.
C．Dorothy's.
18．Where did Dorothy go to learn about the guide dogs?
A．America.
B．Germany.
C．England.
19．How long does it take to train a little dog to be a guide dog?
A．Over 2 years.
B．14 months.
C．4 months.
20．What will the listeners do next?
A．Teach dogs to be guides.
B．Introduce their pet dogs.
C．Visit the center.
答案：1～5 CCACB 6～10 ACCAA
11～15 BACAB 16～20 AABAC
听力材料
Text 1
M：You are late again, Miss Smith. Don't you have a watch or something?
W：Yes, I thought that I had set the alarm clock for 7 o'clock, but it rang an hour later.
Text 2
W：Would you mind if I opened the window?
M：Of course not. It's really hot in the room. Open the window to let in more fresh air.
Text 3
M：Where to, Miss?
W：Please drop me off at the King's Department Store.
M：On the west side?
W：No, the east side, near the post office.
Text 4
W：Hello. This is Kate from the Rainbow Hotel. Is Jimmy at home?
M：No. He is in the lab, but he will be back home at 4 o'clock.
Text 5
W：I'm going to the store. What would you like me to buy for you?
M：Would you please buy a wallet for me while you are there?
W：With pleasure.
Text 6
W：How do you usually spend your evenings?
M：I usually study. But if there's a new film on TV, I watch that instead.
W：How about weekends?
M：I usually do some washing and cleaning in the morning. In the afternoon I like to go out to do some shopping or visit some friends.
W：Do you often go to parks or to ball games?
M：Sometimes, but not often.
Text 7
M：Look! Someone is celebrating his birthday.
W：This must be his 21st birthday. No doubt about it.
M：Why? Do you know that guy?
W：No. Well, in America, 21 is the age when you're allowed to drink. So, many guys celebrate it in bars.
M：That's interesting. But it would be really expensive, I suppose. Just think about all the drinks.
W：No. If it's your birthday, then you don't need to pay a cent. Just blow out the candles and open the gifts. That makes the birthday a special day. Your friends will take care of everything.
M：Wow, that's wonderful.
Text 8
W：Jim has been here for years. Do we have to fire him?
M：Well, in the face of the crisis, we have to cut jobs. Besides, with the new machine, we don't need him.
W：Is there anything else he can do around here?
M：Nothing, I've checked. I have no other choices.
W：Maybe you're right. OK, I'll tell Jim.
M：No, Sara. I need to talk to him myself. It was I who asked him to work here.
W：But it might be easier for me to talk to him than for you.
M：No, thanks, Sara. You don't know what it's like to be fired.
W：You, a general manager, know what it's like?
M：Yes. I was 30 years old at the time, working in a big company. One morning, I found an announcement on my desk. It said, “Clear your office by noon today.” No explanation, no apology, no thanks for a job well done.
W：That really hurts.
Text 9
W：Excuse me, sir, but we're doing a survey on what people prefer to do on holiday. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
M：No, not at all. Please go ahead.
W：How often do you go on holiday?
M：Once a year, a two?week holiday.
W：And what do you prefer to do when you are on holiday?
M：Well, I don't usually visit my family. We live quite close and I can see them any time. But I do like to visit museums and art galleries, especially if there's a special exhibition on. I don't like to stay at home, although my parents do. You know, in the morning I prefer to sit under the tree and listen to birds.
W：Do you ever travel overseas?
M：No, I don't. It's too expensive for me.
W：What about your wife?
M：She loves to visit the coast in the afternoon. So if the weather's good, we often go swimming in the sea, or maybe just lie on the beach and enjoy the sun.
W：OK. Well, thank you very much for your time.
Text 10
Welcome to Guide Dogs Training Center, boys and girls! First let me tell you something about guide dogs.
In 1918 a doctor and his pet dog walked with a soldier who was blind. The doctor went in the hospital for a short time. When he came out, he saw his pet had guided the soldier on the other side of the hospital yard safely. So he taught a dog to guide a person and it worked out well. Germany helped start a program to teach dogs to be guides.
Dorothy, an American woman, went to Germany to find out more about the guide dogs. When she came back to the United States, she wrote about it in a magazine. Soon more people knew about the guide dogs.
The best dogs for the job are clever and fit. It takes more than 2 years to train a little dog to be a guide dog. When the dog is 14 months old, it learns many instructions. Then the owner and the dog meet, and they practice for 4 weeks.
Have I made myself clear? OK, let's go on visiting.
第二部分 阅读理解 (满分40分，限时35分钟)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
It's clear that we have an interest in artificial intelligence, and kids in particular seem to love a good robot movie.If you have little (or big) robot fans in your house, here are some movies that will interest them.
※Sid the Science Kid：The Movie
Sid the Science Kid：The Movie follows Sid and Gabriella on an exciting trip to the Super Ultimate Science Museum.They tour the museum going from one exciting scientific adventure to another with an amazing robot tour guide Bobbybot.But when a program error in Bobbybot occurs, Sid and his friend have to work together to stop him before he destroys the museum.In addition to Bobbybot, there are several other silly robots that go about making trouble around the museum.
$8 from Amazon
Recommended for kids aged 2－6
※Robots (2005)
Rodney Copperbottom decides to move to Robot City to follow his dream of becoming a great inventor in the movie Robots.However, life in the big city isn't all that Rodney expected, and he meets many challenges and makes friends along the way.As Rodney fights a giant and helps old broken?down robots, he helps everyone realize that shiny and new things are not always best.
$5 from Amazon
Recommended for ages 5 and up
※Real Steel (2011)
Robot boxing is the super sport in this slightly futuristic (幻想未来的) world in the movie Real Steel.A young boy who has lost his mother spends some time with the father he never knew, and the two bond over making a robot that may have a chance to win in the ring.The focus of the movie is on the changing relationship between the father and son, but the hard?hitting world of robot boxing and special effects, along with an excellent rock soundtrack (配音) give the movie an advantage.
$10 from Amazon
Recommended for ages 12＋
语篇解读：本文介绍了三部机器人电影，画面精美、造型精细、动作精妙，最重要的是有趣、有情、有震撼力、惊险刺激。
21．Who leads the way to a scientific adventure in the museum?
A．The fan. B．Bobbybot.
C．Sid and Gabriella. D．Rodney Copperbottom.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第二段中关键词“with an amazing robot tour guide Bobbybot”可知，Sid和Gabriella是由机器人导游Bobbybot带领他们开始了一段令人兴奋的科学探险。
22．What do we learn about the movie Robots (2005)?
A．It shows various ways of making robots.
B．It exposes the cruelty of the whole society.
C．It tells us that new things are better than old ones.
D．It describes Rodney's experience of following his dream.
解析：选D 细节理解题。Robots (2005)部分一开头就告诉观众Rodney Copperbottom要去Robot City是为了追逐梦想，故事应该讲述逐梦经历。从本句的关键词“to follow his dream”也可知答案。
23．What does Real Steel (2011) focus on?
A．The chance to win in the robot boxing match.
B．The relationship between the family members.
C．A special boxing match between humans and robots.
D．The special hard?hitting effect and excellent rock music.
解析：选B 细节理解题。题干信息词“Real Steel (2011)，”然后找到本段中关键信息点“The focus of the movie is on the changing relationship between the father and son”可知，电影《铁甲钢拳》的中心应该是父子之间的情感转变，即家人之间的情感关系。
24．Which of the following could be the most suitable for a four?year?old kid?
A．Robots (2005)．
B．Real Steel (2011)．
C．Sid the Science Kid：The Movie.
D．All the three movies.
解析：选C 细节理解题。比较三部影片推荐的适宜观众年龄可知，电影《科学小子席德》适合2－6岁儿童观看，故适合4岁儿童观看。
B
We walked slowly through the wet grass, our eyes searching for the enemy.I wondered why our army wasn't throwing bombs (炸弹) when we knew they were there that Normandy morning.Suddenly, machine?gun fire broke the quiet.We hit the ground, sheltered from the shots by a low stone wall a few feet ahead.
My radioman called the commander (指挥官) to report as I asked two soldiers to help me find the enemy and knock out the machine gun.While I was on one knee to talk to my guys, I heard an explosion (爆炸声) — and then I was on my back.
“Lieutenant！Lieutenant！You've been hit！” the radioman shouted.
Two doctors took me to an aid station.A doctor put a bandage on my bloody knee; then the doctors drove me to a nearby field hospital.They carried me into a tent where a great number of wounded soldiers were lined up on the ground.I watched the nurses give me a shot (注射) before things went black.When I woke up, I was lying on a bed, wearing nothing but my dog tags and a blanket.
“Wake up, Lieutenant！” a nurse shouted.“You've got to get on a plane — you're flying to a hospital in England！”
I felt frightened and nervous.All my things lay in piles of equipment.Everything could be superseded by new ones except the photo of my new bride, Ellen, which I always carried with me.“I'm not going until I get my wife's picture，”I said.“It's in the gas mask cover you took away from me.”
The nurse looked at me for a while.I must look very concerned to her.I knew the nurse could make me go, but instead she said, “OK. I'll see if I can find it.” Then she ran out to search through the piles.Time stood still until finally she came running out of breath back into our tent.
“I've got it！” she shouted, waving the picture in her upraised hand.
How she found it I'll never know, but I'm glad she did.That photograph comforted me through tough times. Now — 69 years later — it sits on my bedside table.
语篇解读：作者在一场战役中受伤并丢失了妻子的照片，在他的坚持下，一名护士帮助他取回了照片。
25．What was the author doing according to the first two paragraphs?
A．Training new soldiers.
B．Fighting in a fierce battle.
C．Making bombs for his army.
D．Serving as an excellent commander.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据前两段的描述可知，作者正在进行一场激烈的战斗。
26．What do we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．He was seriously wounded.
B．He lost his leg in the battle.
C．He really needed a good rest.
D．He was the most important there.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段的“I watched the nurses give me a shot (注射) before things went black.”以及第五段的“you're flying to a hospital in England”可知，作者昏过去了，必须去英国接受治疗，故作者受伤严重。
27．What does the underlined word “superseded” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Created. B．Destroyed.
C．Replaced. D．Discovered.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前后以及后文的“by new ones”可知，作者认为其他所有物品都可以被新物品替代，只有那张照片是无可替代的。
28．Why did the nurse agree to go to find the picture for the author?
A．Because she was sure she could find it.
B．Because she knew it meant a lot to the author.
C．Because it was her fault that it was gone.
D．Because she was curious about the picture.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“I must look very concerned to her.”可以推断出，是因为那位护士意识到这张照片对作者而言很重要。
C
While many wait for broadband (宽带) to be spread to rural areas, it turns out that slow speed confirms what many of us have already known：waiting can be extremely stressful.
An experiment from Ericsson found that delays (延迟) in loading web pages and videos can lead to increased heart rates and stress levels.On average, it found that single delays resulted in a 38% increase in heart rate.
The company did this by recording the brain and heart activities of people while they completed various tasks on their phones and had to go through tests with long delays, medium delays and no delays.
When the 30 people were going through a two?second buffering (缓冲) period, their stress levels doubled.When it rose to six seconds, their stress levels rose before falling.The fall was due to increased signs with eye movements suggesting they had given up on completing the task.According to the experiment, the stress felt by these delays was similar to watching a frightening movie. While it is a small sample (样本) size, it shows how annoying it is to have speeds that don't load up quickly, especially when dealing with high?data tasks like watching videos or uploading images or files for work or personal use.
The average download speeds in European capital cities place Dublin in 15th with an average download speed of 39.43 Mbps.That's compared to other cities like Bucharest which takes the top spot thanks to an impressive download speed of 80.14 Mbps.While some reports suggest Ireland is a country with fast Internet speeds, the spread of broadband across Ireland has been slow in recent years, with an imbalance between rural and urban areas.Ireland's broadband problems have been mentioned in recent years with different plans announced to solve the problem.
语篇解读：宽带越来越普及，但网速却不尽如人意，下载或上传延误使使用者压力增大，心率加快，大大降低人们使用网络的愉悦度。
29．According to the text, delays in loading make the users .
A．experience a 38% decrease in heart rate
B．spend less time downloading in rural areas
C．feel increases in heart rates and stress levels
D．develop a good habit of waiting for downloading
解析：选C 细节理解题。 由第二段可知，下载网页和视频的迟缓会使下载者心跳加快，并产生压迫感。
30．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The experiment. B．A frightening movie.
C．The stress. D．The fall.
解析：选A 代词指代题。结合第四段30人参加了试验和“a small sample size”可知，it指这次试验。
31．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Broadband problems in Europe.
B．The development of broadband.
C．Download speeds in rural areas.
D．Broadband speeds in some European areas.
解析：选D 段落大意题。最后一段主要介绍了欧洲一些地区的宽带速度。
D
I once did an Internet search for how many studies have been done on sadness and depression.The number was about 40,000.Then I did a search for studies on happiness.There were only about 40 studies that came up.I smiled and then said to myself, “It's almost like we all need to smile on purpose.”
Now, I can hear some of you saying, “Well, what if I don't feel like smiling？What do you want me to do？” Well, I believe that if we make ourselves smile on purpose, or even force ourselves to smile, then we have done something positive instead of negative in that moment.Besides, we may also improve the value of our faces and ourselves.Remember, nobody wants to be around someone who is wearing a frown (皱眉)．
In addition, not only will we be making this world a better place, with our purposeful smiles, and encouraging more happiness and less sadness studies, but we will actually use fewer facial muscles by smiling instead of frowning.That's right, my young, good?looking folks (人们)．Using fewer facial muscles will help us keep a younger looking face that hopefully will never be marked by the lines of hardness and depression.
What's more, not only does smiling on purpose help improve the value of our faces and make us more attractive to others, but it also helps our whole body.Smiling causes the release of the feel?good matter from our brains, which then runs joyously through our little bodies.As a side benefit, this sort of joyfulness within us is also likely to improve our social lives.Now that's something to smile about, isn't it?
Now teens, go to learn, lead, and lay the way to a better world for all of us.Remember to practice the habit of smiling on purpose.It will improve your looks, your social life, health, and eventually your career.And once again, thanks in advance for all you do, and all you will do.
语篇解读：微笑是沙漠里的清泉，能带给人们不可估量的好处。
32．The author mentions the Internet search to .
A．explain why people feel sad
B．bring out the topic of the passage
C．introduce researchers' study results
D．prove the convenience of the Internet
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I smiled and then said to myself, ‘It's almost like we all need to smile on purpose.’”可知，作者查询了关于微笑研究的数量，进而提出自己对于微笑的观点，认为人们需要多微笑。
33．Why can smiling make us look younger according to the text?
A．Because fewer muscles on the face are used.
B．Because people tend to have a younger heart.
C．Because the muscles on the face are exercised.
D．Because people who smile are really beautiful.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That's right, my young, good?looking folks (人们)．Using fewer facial muscles ...by the lines of hardness and depression.”可知，微笑让人更年轻，是因为在微笑时，面部肌肉使用得少。
34．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．All people have colorful social lives.
B．All people feel their smiles are valuable.
C．Smiling can be very beneficial.
D．Smiling too much isn't healthy.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“not only does smiling on purpose help improve ...Smiling causes the release of the feel?good matter”可知，微笑大有益处。
35．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to study smiles.
B．The purpose of smiling.
C．How to practice smiling on purpose.
D．The advantages of smiling on purpose.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。作者在文中论述了有意的微笑能给人们带来哪些具体的好处。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sometimes I wonder why so many people find history boring.I'd keep hearing the same joke whenever I say I like history.“What's so interesting about learning the lives of a bunch of dead people？” History like literature is full of stories, mysterie
课时跟踪练(二) Introduction & Reading— Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They want to make a contribution (贡献) to their country, their nation, their city.
2．It's recommended/proposed (建议) that you should consult your doctor.
3．The campaign aims to raise public awareness (意识) about the dangers of passive smoking.
4．According to the archaeologist, everything in existence (存在) is reasonable.
5．I made a request (请求) for the information of the current situation.
6．Exposure (暴露) of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful.
7．My time is precious (宝贵的), and I can only spare you a few minutes.
8．Based on the agreement (协议), all payments shall be made by the end of the month.
9．In spite of cries, no one came to his assistance (帮助)．
10．This island is maintained as a reserve for endangered (濒危的) species.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Our few measures contributed to preserve animals without effect.preserve→preserving
2．He made a proposal that we will raise all the people's awareness of protecting the environment.去掉will或will→should
3．The boy was requested to going boating with his schoolmates.going→go
4．As far as I'm concerned, your advice is of great useful to my study.useful→use
5．He recommended my hand in my homework tomorrow morning.hand→handing
6．We should try our best to preserve the endangered species extinction.extinction前加from
7．I don't think the three sides can arrive an agreement in such a short time.arrive后加at
8．Not only his classmates but also his teacher think highly of him.think→thinks
Ⅲ.选词填空
apart from， of vital importance， contribute to， if not， in danger， be listed as， get involved， cause damage to
1.The symbolism of every gesture will be of vital importance during the short state visit.
2．The pipeline accident can cause damage to the people and equipment around.
3．He got involved in a heated argument.
4．If they arrive before I leave, well and good.If not, the responsibility will be mine.
5．All of us will struggle fairly hard to survive if we are in danger.
6．Apart from some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.
7．Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the continent's economic crisis.
8．Her death would be listed as an accident.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Zhoukoudian is 1.a small village about 50 kilometres south?west of Beijing. Prehistoric human bones were found there 2.which changed China's knowledge of its history. Zhoukoudian 3.was listed (list) as a world heritage site in December 1987. It has provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution. Today, however, Zhoukoudian is 4.in serious danger. Parts of the cave have been badly affected by rain and 5.exposure (expose) to the air. Some areas are almost 6.completely (complete) covered in weeds, 7.causing (cause) serious damage. Pollution from nearby cement factories has also contributed 8.to the problem. UNESCO has recommended that the site 9.(should) be closed (close) and repaired. If nothing is done to repair it, it could be removed from the list. So, not only the government but also the ordinary people should try their best 10.to raise (raise) money to save it.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
文化遗产是文化与历史的象征。它们是我们人类的宝贵(precious)遗产，而且保护(preserve)文化遗产是至关重要(of vital importance)的。然而一些人对此毫无作为(contribute ... to ...)甚至危害我们的文化遗产。当我旅行的时候，我见到一些历史遗迹(remains)岌岌可危，这让我感到非常吃惊。因此，我提议(propose)我们每一个人都应该参与其中，为保护文化遗产做些什么。除此之外 (apart from)，政府也应该拨发一些资金来对它们进行维护(maintain)。
Cultural relics are a symbol of culture and history. They are precious heritage for us mankind and it is of vital importance to preserve them. However, some people contribute nothing to protecting them, even cause damage to the relics. When I was travelling, I could see some historic remains were in danger, which came as a great shock to me. So I propose that every one of us (should) get involved and do something for the protection of cultural relics. Apart from it, the government should allocate some funds for maintaining them.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Summer was supposed to be free of worries for a high school graduate like me. No studying, no 1 . I even had a good 2 ， so I could go off with some money in my pocket. But one afternoon 3 crowded in: I'd never been on my own before. How would I 4 it out there in the big, scary world?
“See you tomorrow，” I said to my boss. Mom's car 5 in the burning sun. I got 6 the wheel and headed home. Then 7 went black.
I opened my eyes in a 8 room. Mom was there. I tried to sit up, but I couldn't move. Mom and the police officers 9 told me the truth: The 10 was all my fault. I'd made the 11 mistake of my life. Witnesses had seen me make a left turn on Route 37 — right into the path of a white truck going 60 miles per hour. I was knocked unconscious. 12 ， the driver of the truck wasn't hurt.
About a week after I left the hospital, a police officer came to the house, 13 me a court date. Mom and I went to see her car. It was completely 14 . On the seat we saw a bandana (手帕) in blood. “That must 15 the man who helped you，” said Mom. “We should wash this and return it to him，” said Mom. Finding the man 16 out to be easy enough. Coming face?to?face with someone who had been so kind to me only 17 my guilt. I held back tears.
I still had a lot of 18 . The judge asked me to attend a community class on road safety. By the time I left for 19 I was ready for the big world out there. I knew I'd be okay, 20 I would be more careful.
语篇解读：高中毕业即将上大学的作者，对外面的世界充满了疑问。但是还没等出门就遭遇车祸。作者认为，尽管车祸可怕，但是给了自己一个教训：一切都要小心谨慎。这也为作者即将到来的大学生活积累了经验。
1．A.homework B．housework
C．performance D．practice
解析：选A 高中毕业的那个暑假是轻松的，因为不用上学，没有“作业”。
2．A.sponsor B．friend
C．job D．opportunity
解析：选C 有了“工作”，这样口袋里就能备些钱了。
3．A.surprises B．doubts
C．regrets D．notes
解析：选B 根据第一段最后一句可知，作者对自己能否适应外面的世界有了些疑问。
4．A.make B．take
C．help D．live
解析：选A 作者疑惑，自己一直待在家乡没有出过门，现在要上大学了，怎样才能“成功地”适应外面这个可怕的世界。make it意为“成功地做成某事”。
5．A.dried B．rolled
C．shone D．sat
解析：选C 根据下文作者开车可知，下班告别老板之后，作者来到车旁准备开车回家。妈妈的车在阳光下“闪闪发光”。
6．A.over B．through
C．off D．behind
解析：选D get behind the wheel为固定用法，意为“驾驶”。
7．A.everything B．something
C．nothing D．anything
解析：选A 根据下文可知，作者出了车祸。因此，眼前一片漆黑。
8．A.new B．beautiful
C．strange D．dark
解析：选C 根据语境，作者在医院里醒来，因此是一个“陌生的”房间。
9．A.friendly B．politely
C．willingly D．finally
解析：选D 妈妈和警察“最终”告诉了作者车祸的事实。
10．A.event B．accident
C．change D．experience
解析：选B 根据后文的描述可知，此处表示“事故”。
11．A.first B．simplest
C．worst D．last
解析：选C 作者犯了今生“最糟糕的”一个错误。
12．A.Unfortunately B．Amazingly
C．Deliberately D．Impatiently
解析：选B 对方司机没有受伤，除了作者，没有其他人受伤，这一点“令人惊奇”。
13．A.expressing B．offering
C．planning D．assigning
解析：选D 出了车祸，交警核查事实之后要到法院解决问题，所以交警给作者“指定”了一个上庭日期。
14．A.destroyed B．attacked
C．injured D．harmed
解析：选A 车撞得很严重，彻底地“毁坏”了。destroy“毁坏”；attack“攻击”；injure“伤害”；harm“伤害”。
15．A.call in B．belong to
C．take in D．appeal to
解析：选B that指代上文中的手帕，是那个救作者的人落下的。belong to“属于”；call in“召来，叫来”；take in“欺骗”；appeal to“吸引”。
16．A.brought B．put
C．gave D．turned
解析：选D turn out“结果是，证明是”，指找到那个帮助者很容易。
17．A.established B．showed
C．strengthened D．proved
解析：选C 和曾经如此善良地帮助自己的人见面“加深”了作者的负罪感。
18．A.chances B．choices
C．wonders D．challenges
解析：选D 根据下句作者还要上驾驶安全课可知，作者还有很多事要做，还要面临很多“挑战”。
19．A.college B．work
C．hospital D．home
解析：选A 呼应文章第一句，高中毕业，要去上“大学”。
20．A.while B．because
C．though D．until
解析：选B 作者知道自己可以适应外面的世界，因为作者会更加小心谨慎。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My friend Lisa was often unhappy. One day, I asked her how. She said, “My parents love my younger sisters many more. I don't think I'm important to them.” After hear that, I said, “Your parents surely love you and your sister equally.” I said that because I really think so then. Parents usual love all of their children the same. But they sometime act as if they loved the youngest one more. This isn't good. We don't think parents should make their children to think kids are treated differently. They should let their children know that they love all them equally.
答案：第二句：how→why
第三句：many→much
第五句：hear→hearing; sister→sisters
第六句：think→thought
第七句：usual→usually
第八句：sometime→sometimes
第十句：We→I; 去掉to
第十一句：all后加of
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5
课时跟踪练(三) Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．According to the investigation, there are six million inhabitants (居民) in the city.
2．Within the next 100 years, mankind (人类) may no longer use radio.
3．Try to avoid being subjective (主观的) and one?sided when looking at problems.
4．Under the guidance (指导) of the expert, we have made great progress.
5．He undertook (许诺) to finish the job by Friday after I reminded him many times.
6．Most of the people don't advocate (拥护) building large factories in this area.
7．The department concerned is making a thorough (详尽的) investigation into the incident.
8．His long absence (缺席) from work delayed his promotion.
9．Racial discrimination (歧视) against Afro?Americans may still exist.
10．I planned to have the photograph enlarged (放大) and hang it on the wall.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th in the honour of the birth of Jesus Christ.去掉第一个the
2．I have just got through the book so far; I intend to read it thoroughly when I get more time.got→gone
3．There is stands the Monument to the People's Heroes.去掉is
4．The new nation undertook to teaching its illiterate citizens to read and write. teaching→teach
5．Plants' leaves turn yellow in absence of light. absence前加the
6．Tom reminded that the restaurants were expensive and their service there was poor, too.reminded前加was
Ⅲ.选词填空
in ignorance of， have mercy on， be reminded of， be absent from， be honoured for， in return
1.When they were about to kill him, he begged them to have mercy on him.
2．It might be better to keep her in ignorance of what has happened.
3．He was absent from work because he had the flu.
4．The teacher was honoured for his excellent work.
5．I will help you with your math and in return, you should help me with my science.
6．At every moment I am reminded of what I have seen in Chicago.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I may forget to repay the five pounds you lent me unless you remind me of it.
2.The doctor recommended he (should) stay (stay) a few more days in hospital.
3．The actor never shaved his famous beard for any role, even at the request of movie producers.
4．We'll be free tomorrow, so I propose we (should) visit (visit) the history museum.
5．If you don't hurry up, you will miss the plane.
6．The koala is listed among Australia's endangered (danger) animals.
7．The old doctor deserved to be honoured for a lifetime of unselfish work among the sick natives.
8．The absence (absent) of a quiet place at home where children can study was also having a negative effect.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The film is made in honor of those people (为了纪念那些人) losing their lives in the war.
2．Please go through your answers again (再次检查你的答案) before handing in your paper.
3．The boy always helped the manager's son study English, so the manager gave him a computer in return (给了他一台电脑作为回报)．
4．Apart from a few words (除了几个单词之外), I do not know any French at all.
5．Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death (导致了她的死亡)．
6．We want to know how the earth came into existence (形成)．
7．It is well known that reading is of vital importance in language learning (在语言学习中至关重要)．
8．Visitors are requested to leave their coats (被要求留下外套) in the cloakroom.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Petra may be the treasure of an ancient world, hidden behind a tall mountain. Its beautiful scenery makes it one of the greatest ancient sites still standing today. Common sense says “perhaps there's nothing on the planet that looks like it”. Without a doubt, there's nothing in the world that resembles it. The rock?carved rose?red town of Petra is filled with a mysterious charm that had been “designed to strike wonder into all who entered it”．
Petra is the legacy from the Nabataeans, a hard?working group of Arab people who settled in southern Jordan more than 2,000 years ago. Admired then because of their culture, architecture and complex dams and water channels, Petra has become a UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) world heritage site and listed in the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Petra is the most well?known site in Jordan located about 262 km south of Amman and 133 km north of Aqaba. The Dead Sea is 80 kilometers north of it. The steeply rising sides of a long, cool, dark and narrow gorge (峡谷) basically keep the sunlight out. Suddenly the gorge opens right into a natural square covered with Petra's most well?known monuments, which glows in the bright sun. The ancient city shows the visitors its beautiful look. The town is large and the quality of the architecture is surprising. It leads someone to think about the creativity from the Nabataeans who made Petra their capital.
Petra was the top architectural site for more than 400 years until it was occupied by the Romans in 106 AD. It was seen first when discovered in 1812 after being lost through the 10th century for nearly 300 years! Petra has 800 monuments, including buildings, tombs, baths, halls, temples, and streets, which were mostly carved in the pretty sandstone. Petra sights are in their finest in the early morning and the late afternoon. Once the sun warms the colorful stones, you will see the majesty of Petra.
语篇解读：本文介绍了具有悠久历史的古城佩特拉。
1．What do we know about Petra from the passage?
A．It is on the top of a mountain.
B．It was a palace for the king.
C．It is a unique site.
D．It was built by the Nabataeans in 106 AD.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段“Common sense says ‘perhaps there's nothing on the planet that looks like it’．”可推断佩特拉风光的独特性，故选C。
2．Where is Petra according to the passage?
A．It is about 133 km south of Aqaba.
B．It is about 262 km north of Amman.
C．It is 80 km south of the Dead Sea.
D．It is in south?east Jordan.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段“The Dead Sea is 80 kilometers north of it.”可知，答案为C。
3．According to the passage, Petra was lost .
A．in the 1500s B．in the 1600s
C．in the 1700s D．in the 1800s
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“It was seen first when discovered in 1812 after being lost through the 10th century for nearly 300 years！”可知，答案为A。
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Jordan, a country worth visiting
B．Petra, Jordan's wonder of the world
C．The treasure hidden behind a mountain
D．Petra, the best?known ancient city in the world
解析：选B 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Petra may be the treasure of an ancient world, hidden behind a tall mountain.”和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了约旦的一座古城佩特拉的特色，故答案为B。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Last Sunday morning, I drove home after my weekly shopping.Suddenly, a white car turned into the main road and 1 (drive) in front of me. I saw there was a wallet on top of the car.Then the wallet fell from the car.I sounded the horn (喇叭) twice to warn the driver, 2 he didn't hear.Therefore, I got off and picked the wallet up.
I checked the wallet 3 (see) if I could get any phone number.I found a card and called the two numbers on it. But I 4 (tell) they were wrong numbers. 5 (late), I found a driving license and used the address to find his house. 6 is a 15?minute drive from my home.When I got 7 his house, I saw his wife first.The lady was really happy that I had found her husband's wallet.The man ran to us at the gate and 8 (warm) welcomed me to their house. 9 (give) the wallet to him, I asked him to check if everything was inside.They offered me twenty 10 (dollar) for gas, but I refused it.
语篇解读：作者在回家的路上捡到一个从车上掉落的钱包，通过钱包里驾驶证上的家庭住址，找到了失主的家并归还钱包。
1．drove 本空动词应与前面的turned时态一致，故用一般过去时。
2．but 这里表示我按了喇叭提醒前车的司机，但他没有听到。此处为转折关系，故用but。
3．to see 这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示作者查看钱包看看能不能找到电话号码，故填to see。
4．was told 根据语境可知，作者被告知这两个号码都是错的，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。
5．Later 副词later意为“稍后；随后”。
6．It 这里使用it表示距离。
7．to get to表示“到达”。
8．warmly 此处用副词修饰动词welcomed。
9．Giving 此处give作伴随状语，与句子主语I之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词形式Giving。
10．dollars dollar为可数名词，根据前面的数词twenty可知，这里应该用其复数形式dollars。
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课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Scientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest known in Great Britain. But they didn't find out in the usual way.
Archaeologists often date cave art with a process called radiocarbon dating. The technique can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal (木炭) drawings or painted pictures. Carbon is an element (成分) found in many things, including charcoal and even people. But in this case, there was no paint or charcoal to test. People carved the pictures of animals and figures into the rock using stone tools. The scientists had an “aha！” moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings. The small rocks must have formed after the drawings were made.
“It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art.” said Alistair Pike, an archaeological scientist at Britain's University of Bristol. “We were very fortunate that some of the engravings (雕刻) were covered by stalagmites (石笋)．”
When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12,800 years ago, the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old. And some of the animals shown, like the European bison, are now extinct — another tip?off (征兆) that the art is quite old.
The artists came to Creswell Crags. This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age. At that time, much of the North Sea was dry, so people could move about more easily.
Some tools and bones found there are 13,000 to 15,000 years old. They show that the travelers hunted horses, reindeer, and arctic hares. Their artwork is similar to art in France and Germany. It tells scientists that the Creswell Crags artists must have had a close connection to peoples several thousand kilometers away — another important evidence of understanding how humans spread out across the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，带领我们探寻英国古老的洞窟美术的历史。
1．The underlined word “Archaeologists” in Paragraph 2 refers to people .
A．who study things left behind by people in the past
B．who have rich experience in painting
C．who are interested in wild animals
D．who are good at using stone tools
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第二段的内容可以看出，archaeologists意为“考古学家”。
2．Why do scientists say the art is quite old?
A．The art was carved into stone with stone tools.
B．Most animals carved in the stone are extinct.
C．The cave is one of the farthest points in the world.
D．Some pictures were covered by stalagmites more than 10,000 years old.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知答案。
3．By studying the cave art, scientists could learn about .
A．how ancient people crossed the North Sea
B．why some of the animals have died out
C．how humans spread out across the world
D．what ancient people had for food at that time
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“another important evidence of understanding how humans spread out across the world”可知。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Cave Art About Animals Is Most Beautiful
B．Cave Art Is Found in an Unusual Way
C．Cave Art Turns Out to Be Britain's Oldest
D．Cave Art Has a Great Influence on Britain
解析：选C 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍英国克瑞斯威尔峭壁的洞窟艺术为什么是英国最古老的艺术，后半部分给出了证据。
B
One week after I started working in Beijing, I decided to visit a place of interest called the Summer Palace. Before setting off, I researched into it on the Internet. The Summer Palace is composed mostly of a lake, but it's surrounded by beautiful greenery and a walkway that circles the lake. It is recommended that you give the Summer Palace about three hours. If you try to walk around it, it could take five or six hours. With that knowledge of it, I set off.
The highlight of the tour had to be the view from the Tower of Buddhist Incense. It sits on top of a large hill overlooking the lake and that is worth the climb. It was built as a place to worship (敬拜) Buddha. And in the Summer Palace, unlike most of the other places, photography wasn't allowed in most of the buildings. Most of the statues of Buddha and the other artifacts (手工艺品) were off?limits to photos.
Another highlight was seeing the stage created for the Dowager Empress where she watched the opera and other theater items. There are box seats that surround the stage and it was the largest stage created in all of Imperial China. You could almost imagine royalty reviewing the actors from the boxes and the stage.
I do recommend taking a boat ride if you go, which takes you from one side of the lake to the other side where you can see another set of buildings. And it is fun. You can also rent an electric or paddle boat if you want. But since it was just me, I went on one of the biggest boats with other people.
I spent another four hours wandering around the Summer Palace. But I didn't see all of it because it was getting dark. I am looking forward to visiting it again.
语篇解读：作者描述了去颐和园游玩的经历。
5．Before setting off to the Summer Palace, the author .
A．asked others about it
B．didn't think it was large
C．didn't know what to see
D．learned something about it
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Before setting off, I researched into it on the Internet.”可知，出发前作者了解了一些颐和园的情况。
6．While visiting the Tower of Buddhist Incense, the author .
A．worshipped Buddha
B．touched some artifacts
C．couldn't take photos as she liked
D．wasn't deeply impressed by it at all
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Most of the statues of Buddha and the other artifacts (手工艺品) were off?limits to photos.”可推断，作者不能尽情地拍照。
7．What do we know about the second highlight mentioned in the text?
A．It sits on top of a hill.
B．It is the largest stage all over China.
C．Operas are performed there at times.
D．It was for the royalty to watch performances.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Another highlight was seeing ... and other theater items.”以及后文内容可知，这个地方是供清皇室成员观看表演的。
8．Why did the author choose to take a ride in a big boat instead of other boats?
A．Because the author was persuaded to do that.
B．Because the author wanted to be more comfortable.
C．Because the author wanted to save some money.
D．Because it was more suitable for the author to do that.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段的“You can also rent an electric or paddle boat if you want. But since it was just me, I went on one of the biggest boats with other people.”可知，这种选择更适合作者。
C
Among the seven wonders of the ancient architectural (建筑方面的) world, the pyramids in Egypt are the only ones still standing.
For 1,000 years, they were the tallest buildings in the world. Built with prehistoric technology, they were an architectural mystery, as strange as the Sphinx (狮身人面像)．
No one really knows how they were built. The first historical record, by the Greek writer Heroditus, came 2,000 years later. Without hard facts, there have been many theories.
Hollywood has mostly followed the examples from the Greek record: 100,000 slaves worked hard for 20 years. Others believe a very large slope snaked around the pyramids. An American recently put forward the theory that kites could have lifted the 2?ton stones.
Now Houdin, a French architect, says that after studying the pyramids for eight years, he has solved the mystery with the help of 3?D computer animation (三维动画). He believes the pyramids were built from the inside out through an internal slope that goes around a central point. “This is completely new. Everyone before me thought that the pyramids were built from the outside, and only from the outside，” he said.
Scholars of ancient Egypt are interested. “It's a theory which sounds reasonable. Scholars of ancient Egypt agree it ought to be tested, and it doesn't cause damage, so I wouldn't be surprised that within a year, we have the final answer，” said Bob Brier, a scholar at Long Island University.
If that is the case, we'll know the truth about the pyramids in the blink of an eye, considering this mystery has lasted for nearly 5,000 years.
语篇解读：本文介绍了关于金字塔之谜的一些科学家的猜测。
9．According to the passage, how many ancient wonders in architecture have disappeared so far?
A．Four. B．Five
C．Six D．Seven.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，世界古建筑的7大奇观只有金字塔仍然存在，因此其他的6个已经消失了。
10．There are many theories of how the pyramids were built because .
A．researchers have different professional knowledge
B．researchers research the pyramids from different aspects
C．there are no reliable records of how the pyramids were built
D．there are many stories about how pyramids were built
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段内容和最后一句可知，答案为C项，金字塔是如何建成的，没有可靠记载。
11．The French architect Houdin put forward his theory with the help of .
A．many experts
B．computer technology
C．some scholars of ancient Egypt
D．the historical record
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，Houdin借助的是电脑技术。
12．The underlined phrase “in the blink of an eye” in the last paragraph probably means .
A．in a short time
B．in the distant future
C．only by using your own eyes
D．in the state of uncertainty
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据上下文内容可以猜出前半句的意思：如果情况的确如此，我们将眨眼间(很快)就能知道金字塔的真相。上文提到一年以内就可能会有结论，所以相对于五千年，一年只是眨眼间的工夫。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
I learned Japanese a few years ago.I can say that learning a language is a huge challenge to me. 1 Here are a few tips from experts which can help you become fluent.
Know why you're studying a language.
Learning a language is not something you can just pick up and put away as you please.As Language Testing International points out, some languages can take up to 2,760 hours to learn well.Even easier languages, like French and Spanish, will still take 720 hours.No one can do that much work on their own without serious motivation. 2 Write it down where you can see it to keep yourself motivated.
Practice.
You can't just do a lot of practice for one day and then take three days off. 3 Set a regular schedule and stick to it.If you can make learning a language a routine, the battle is partly won.
Speak with native speakers.
Talking with a native speaker is the single best way to improve your language skills.But how can you find one? 4 Also ask your friends and family to see if they know someone who speaks your target language.
5
A language represents people and their culture.If you don't value the people or the culture, then you don't value the language.So make efforts to learn about the native culture if you want to know the native language.Films and TV shows are a good place to start.Newspapers and news shows can also teach you what the people you are studying are interested in.
A．Look into the foreign culture.
B．But it is also very rewarding.
C．Don't be scared of making mistakes.
D．No one can memorize every word in a language.
E．So make sure you have a real reason to learn a language.
F．What knowledge you learn in one day will be forgotten in those few days.
G．Websites, like italki and WeSpeke, can help you connect with others across the globe.
语篇解读：本文给出了如何学习一门外语的几点建议。
1．选B 本句对上句的转折，说明学习外语很有挑战性，但会带来回报。
2．选E 本句承上启下，说明学习外语要投入很大的精力，因此需要有明确的理由。
3．选F 本句说明坚持练习的原因，即因为学的东西会慢慢遗忘，所以要给自己的学习制定一个有规律的计划，并要始终坚持按计划做事。
4．选G 本句对上一句做出回答，介绍可以在一些网站上找到可以帮助你练习口语的人。
5．选A 本句概述了本段的中心意思，即要学习一门语言，就要深入研究所学语言的文化。
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