Module 1 Small Talk
Some people seem to be good conversationalists and can chat up anyone within listening distance while others live in fear of talking to someone they don't know. Learning to start a conversation needs to know a few basic rules and take a little bit of practice.
You need to understand that you are not alone. Many people suffer from shyness around strangers or people they barely know. Actually, you don't have to be extremely clever to start a conversation. Simply starting out by just greeting the other person and introducing yourself is a good way to show friendliness and the willingness to break the ice. More people will respond better to a person with good manners than to someone who tries too hard to impress.
There is nothing wrong with being prepared before walking into a social situation where you'll need to make conversation. Doing a little bit of homework can make a big difference when you have no confidence to approach someone you don't know or find yourself standing in the corner afraid you'll make a fool of yourself if you open your mouth.
You should first try to find out who will be present and learn at least one thing about each person. Having a few comfortable opening lines can prevent becoming tongue?tied. Some examples are, “How long have you worked for the company？”“How long have you known the host？”and “Have you had a chance to enjoy all this nice weather we've been having？” Practising shaking hands with your family, or best friend is also helpful.
Smile warmly to show how friendly you are. A warm smile is one of the best icebreakers you can possibly offer. Being friendly is much more impressive than starting a conversation to show off your wisdom. Opening with a few kind words can be much safer than trying to make the other person laugh because humor is so subjective (主观的)．
Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre?reading
How Good Are Your Social Skills?
Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking① to someone you recognise? Would you love to go to a party and talk confidently② to every guest? Do you want to make more friends③ but lack④ the confidence to talk to people you don't know⑤？ And are you nervous about⑥ the idea of being at a social event in another country? Don't worry — we can help you!
You needn't⑦ worry about situations⑧ like these if you have good social skills. And they are easy to learn⑨. People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation⑩. It helps if you do a little advance planning?.
Here are a few ideas to help you.
①avoid doing sth.避免做某事
avoid后接动名词作宾语，不可接动词不定式。
②confidently /'k?nfId?ntli/ adv.自信地
③make friends 交朋友，建立友谊
make friends with 与……交朋友
④lack /l?k/ v．缺乏，缺少
⑤you don't know为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词people。
⑥(be) nervous about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯
⑦needn't 没有必要，不必
⑧situation n．情景，情形
⑨be easy to learn 易于学习
⑩have a conversation 交谈
?advance /?d'vɑ?ns/ adj.预先的，在前的
do planning 做计划，做准备
你的社交技能有多高？
[第1～3段译文]
你是否做过这样的事情：看见认识的人以后，故意过马路以避免与其说话？你是否愿意参加聚会并自信地和每位来宾交谈？你是否想结交更多的朋友但又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心？你是否一想到要在别的国家参加社交活动就觉得忐忑不安？别担心——我们能帮助你！
如果你具备了良好的社交技能，你就不用担心这样的情景。而且这些技能是容易学习的。具备良好社交技能的人能很好地和别人交流并且知道怎样交谈。要是预先做些准备，将会对你有所帮助。
下面为帮助你出些主意。
Learn how to do small talk
Small talk is very important and prepares you for more serious conversations?. Be prepared! Have some low?risk? conversation openers ready. For example：
·think of? a recent news story — not too serious, e．g.a story about a film star or sports star
·think of things to tell people about your studies
·think of “safe” things you can ask people's opinions about? — music, sport, films, etc.
·think of topics that you would avoid if you were talking to strangers? — and avoid talking about them! That way?， you don't damage your confidence！,
?prepare sb. for sth.使某人对某事有所准备
?low?risk adj.低风险的，不太会出错的
?think of 想起，回忆起
?you can ask people's opinions about为定语从句，修饰things。 引导词that或which在从句中作about的宾语，在此被省略。
?that you would avoid ... 为定语从句，修饰先行词topics; if从句中be动词用了were，这是虚拟语气的用法。
?that way作方式状语，其前面省略了介词in。
[第4段译文]
学会怎样聊天
聊天是很重要的，并能帮助你为一些更严肃的谈话做准备。有备无患！准备一些不太会出错的开场白。例如：
·想出一个最近的新闻故事——不要太严肃，譬如，一个有关电影明星或体育明星的故事,·想出一些有关你学习的事情告诉别人
·想出一些“不会出错”的事情询问别人的意见——音乐、体育、电影等
·想出一些和陌生人谈话时要回避的话题——并且要避免谈论这些话题！那样， 你的自信心就不会被伤害了！
Develop? your listening skills
Listening is a skill which most people lack?， but communication is a two?way? process — it involves speaking AND listening. Always remember — you won't impress people if you talk too much. Here are some ideas to make you a better listener：
Do ...
·show that you are listening by using encouraging noises and gestures — smiling, nodding， saying “uh?huh” and “OK”， etc.
·keep good eye contact
·use positive body language
·ask for more information to show your interest
Don't ...
·look at your watch
·yawn
·sigh
·look away from the person who's talking to you
·change the subject
·finish other people's sentences for them
Always remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister in the 19th century: “Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours！”
?develop vt.提高，使……发展；培养；培育；开采；冲洗
?which引导定语从句，修饰a skill。
?two?way adj.双向的 process n．过程
involve v．涉及，牵连，常用involve doing sth.表示“涉及做某事”。
be involved in 卷入……中，涉及
be involved with 和……有联系
impress v．给……留下印象
impress sth. on sb. 使某人了解某事
impress sb. with sth. 某事给某人留下印象
encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的，激励的
encouragement n．鼓舞，鼓励，支持
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励/激励某人做某事
nod /n?d/ v．点头
contact n．& v．联系，接触
keep in contact with 与……保持联系
body language 身体语言，肢体语言
ask for 要求，询问 ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物
yawn /j??n/ v．打呵欠 sigh /saI/ v．叹气，叹息
look away from 把目光从……移开
subject n．话题；主题
subject 还可意为“学科，科目，课程；主语”。
Prime Minister 首相
[第5～8段译文]
提高倾听的技能
倾听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧，而交流是双向的过程——它包括说和听两个方面。永远记住——话太多并不会给人留下怎样的印象。下面是一些使你成为更好的倾听者的建议：
做下面的事情……
·用一些鼓励的声音和姿势表示你正在倾听——微笑、点头、说“嗯”或“对啊”之类的话等等
·保持得体的目光接触
·使用积极肯定的肢体语言
·询问更多的信息表示你的兴趣
不要做下面的事情……
·看自己的手表
·打呵欠
·叹气
·把目光从正跟你说话的人身上移开
·改变话题
·替别人把话说完
要牢记19世纪英国首相本杰明·迪斯累里的话：“和一个人谈论他自己，他就会和你说上几个小时！”
Learn the rules
If you go to a social occasion in another country, remember that social rules can be different. In some countries, for example， you have to arrive on time at a party; in other countries, you don't need to. In addition， you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave. Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you can take things, but you needn't if you don't want to. Remember also that in some countries, you mustn't take flowers of a certain colour, because they're unlucky. In most places, you don't have to take a gift to a party — but find out first！,
social rules 社交规则
for example 表示举例说明，可以位于句首、句中或句末。
you don't need to 后省略了arrive on time，动词不定式符号to不可省略。
in addition 除此之外，另外；若带宾语，须先接介词to。
if you don't want to 后省略了take things。
a certain ＋单数名词，表示“某一种(个)……”。
find out 了解(到)；找出(信息)
[第9段译文]
学习规则
如果你在另一个国家去参加一个社交场合，要记住会有不同的社交规则。例如，在一些国家，你得准时参加聚会；而在另一些国家就不需要。另外，你需要知道该待多久，以及在何时必须离开。有的主人希望能得到鲜花或小礼品，而在另一些地方你可以给主人送东西，但如果你不想送就没有必要送。还有，要记住在有的国家你绝不能带某种颜色的鲜花，因为那是不吉利的。在大多数地方，参加聚会不必带礼物——但你得事先弄清楚！
Pre?reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．lack A．to take and then let out a long deep breath to show disappointment or sadness
2．advance B．to move your head up and down, especially in order to show agreement or understanding
3．nod C．done or given before sth. is going to happen
4．yawn D．a chance to do sth.
5．sigh E．to open your mouth wide and breathe in deeply because you are tired or bored
6．opportunity F．to have none or not enough of sth.
1～6 ____________
答案：1～6 FCBEAD
Lead?in
1．Which topic do you become interested in, small talk or serious talk?
Small_talk.
2．Try to classify the following into two kinds.
careers， cars， examinations， film stars， music， politics， sports， travels， weather， food
①Small talk: cars,_film_stars,_music,_sports,_travels,_weather,_food
②Serious talk: careers,_examinations,_politics
While?reading
Fast?reading
1．Skim the passage and choose the purpose of it.
A．To tell us how to do small talk.
B．To show how to improve our listening skills.
C．To help us deal with social events.
D．To tell us something interesting about social rules.
答案：C
2．Read the passage fast and match the parts with the main ideas of them.
Part 1(Paras. 1～3) A．Develop your listening skills
Part 2(Para. 4) B．The introduction of the main idea of the passage
Part 3(Paras. 5～8) C．Learn how to do small talk
Part 4(Para. 9) D．Learn the rules
Part 1→； Part 2→； Part 3→； Part 4→
Careful?reading
(Ⅰ)True (T) or False (F)．
1．It is common to use small talk when you are waiting in a long line?up.__T__
2．Religion is a “safe” topic when we make small talk.__F__
3．It is rude for both children and adults not to make small talk with strangers.__F__
4．Politics is a controversial (有争议的) subject in society.__T__
5．It is rude to interrupt a conversation in order to make a small talk.__T__
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．According to the passage, which skill do most people lack during communication?
A．Listening. B．Speaking.
C．Body language. D．Eye contact.
2．What can we learn from what Benjamin Disraeli said?
A．When talking with each other, never talk about other people.
B．When talking with each other, talk more about other people.
C．Talking more about the one who is talking to you helps make a good conversation.
D．Talking more about yourself will impress others in the conversation.
3．Which of the following can we infer from the passage？A.Social skills are of great help for interpersonal relationships.
B．Communication involves only speaking.
C．For small talk, you'd better have some low?risk conversation openers ready.
D．We'd better talk as much as possible at social events.
4．Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the passage?
A．It is important for you to remember different social rules if you go to a social occasion in another country.
B．Listening is a skill which is as important as speaking.
C．Learning some good social skills and having a good preparation for the topics can help you have a conversation at any social event.
D．When you are talking to a man, you'd better talk as much as possible.
答案：1～4 ACAC
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Listening is a skill which most people lack, but communication is a two?way process — it involves speaking AND listening.
[句式分析] 并列连词but连接两个并列分句，第一分句中关系代词which引导定语从句修饰先行词skill；第二分句中破折号后的句子是对上文的补充说明。
[尝试翻译] 倾听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧，而交流是双向的过程——它包括说和听两个方面。
2．In addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 另外，你需要知道该待多久，以及在何时必须离开。
3．Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you can take things, but you needn't if you don't want to.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 有的主人希望能得到鲜花或小礼品，而在另一些地方你可以给主人送东西，但如果你不想送就没有必要送。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In most languages, a greeting is usually followed by “small talk”. Small talk means the little things we talk about at the start of a conversation. In English?speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather: “Nice day, isn't it？” “Terrible weather, isn't it？” But there is something special about small talk. It must be something which both people have the same opinion about. The purpose of small talk is to let both people agre
e on something. This makes meeting people easier and more comfortable. People usually agree about the weather, so it is a safe topic for small talk. But people often disagree about religion or politics so these are not suitable topics for small talk in English. The topics for small talk also depend on where the conversation is taking place. At football matches, people make small talk about the game they are watching: “Great game, isn't it？” At bus stops, people may comment about the transport system: “The bus service is terrible, isn't it？”
Greetings and small talk are an important part of conversation in any language. The way people greet each other and the things they talk about, however, may be different from one language to another. This shows that there is much more to learn when we learn a language than just the vocabulary and the grammar of the language. We also have to learn the social behavior of the people who speak it.
语篇解读：本文讲述了在西方文化中，经常用闲谈聊天来开始一段对话，而且对话的内容的选择也是有一定讲究的。
1．Which of the following is the common topic over small talk for native speakers of English?
A．Politics. B．Families.
C．Education. D．Weather.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“In English?speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather”可知选D。
2．Why do we make small talk according to the passage?
A．To let both people argue about something.
B．To let both people agree on something.
C．To enlarge our knowledge.
D．To kill our time.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on something.”可知选B。
3．The passage suggests that when we learn a language,
.
A．we should understand the importance of the language
B．it's necessary to learn about the culture of the country
C．we should learn about the transport system of the country
D．it's enough to grasp the grammar and vocabulary of the language
解析：选B 推理判断题。通读全文可知，要掌握一门语言，学习这个国家的文化是很必要的。
4．It can be learned from the passage that ________.
A．it's important to find a suitable small talk subject
B．small talk depends on the purpose of the conversation
C．in English?speaking countries we should talk about the weather
D．agreeing with each other is the key to a successful conversation
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章可知，在谈话时找到一个合适的话题是非常重要的，故选A。
B
Small talk is a very short conversation used by individual to kill time and make the other person feel comfortable in his presence. However, sometimes you should be careful of your topics.
There are certain “safe” topics that people usually discuss.
The weather is probably the number one thing that people who do not know each other well discuss. Sometimes even friends and family members discuss the weather when they meet or start a conversation.
Another topic that is generally safe is current events. As long as you are not discussing a controversial_issue,_such as a recent law concerning equal rights, it is usually safe to discuss that. Entertainment and sports news is another good topic. If there is something that you and the other person have in common, that may also be acceptable to talk about. For example, if the bus is extremely full and there are no seats available, you might talk about the reasons why. Similarly, people in an office might casually discuss the new paint or furniture.
There are also some subjects that are not considered acceptable when making small talk.
Discussing personal information such as salaries or a recent divorce is unacceptable between people who do not know each other well. Compliments on clothing or hair are acceptable; however, you should never say something (good or bad) about a person's body.
Negative comments about another person not involved in the conversation are also not acceptable. When you do not know a person well you cannot be sure who their friends are. You do not talk about private issues either, because you do not know if you can trust the other person with your secrets or personal information. Lastly, it is not wise to continue talking about an issue that the other person does not seem comfortable with or interested in.
5．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Why do people make small talk?
B．What topics do people choose when making small talk?
C．What is small talk?
D．In which situations do people make small talk?
解析：选B 主旨大意题。文章谈到人们进行闲聊时安全的和不被接受的话题。故选B。
6．Which of the following is NOT the best topic when you make small talk?
A．Beautiful day, isn't it?
B．Did you watch the news today?
C．Have you got a boyfriend?
D．What do you think of the new computers?
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知在不太熟悉的人们之间不要谈论有关私人问题的话题。故选C。
7．The underlined part “controversial issue” in the fourth paragraph most probably means “________”．
A．debatable question B．acceptable question
C．private question D．interesting question
解析：选A 词义猜测题。从该词后面所给的例子：比如关于人权的法律方面的问题，可知其意为“有争议的问题”。故选A。
8．How is the text organized?
A．①②③④/⑤⑥⑦ B．①②③④/⑤/⑥⑦
C．①/②/③④/⑤⑥⑦ D．①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦
解析：选D 篇章结构题。第一段定义small talk，第二至四段讲闲谈时的保险话题，第五至七段讲一些闲谈时不能提及的话题。故选D。
C
I did an experiment by talking to strangers recently. Here are some things I experienced during the experiment.
On October 9th, while visiting my family hometown for a wedding, I met a man sitting on the side of the hotel pool. We started talking. It turned out that he had just moved to the area with his family from Chicago. I told him what I knew about the community, the schools, and particular neighborhoods where he was looking to buy a house. He was grateful to me for my information. The interaction made me feel useful and valuable.
On May 20th, we had three men from a tree trimming (修剪) company visiting our house to cut back our trees. Normally, I would let them work outside without engaging them in conversation. This time, after they finished their work, I asked one of the tree trimmers, only half?joking, if they fell off trees frequently. One of the tree trimmers said that he had been climbing trees for 27 years and reported he had fallen out of a tree once and hurt his knee. I loved that conversation. I didn't always talk to someone whose job was to climb up trees, but it was interesting for learning about how they did it. I also realized I learned something new.
On May 30th, I went to an outdoor block party on Friday night, along with my wife and our 3?month?old baby. Our baby was wearing oversized noise?cancelling headphones that truly looked pretty ridiculous on a baby. When I tried to talk with others, they immediately started talking with me after seeing the baby. I found it was almost very easy to start talking with people when you had a baby with you.
All in all, I felt great about most of my interactions with strangers. Almost every interaction left me feeling a little happier. I also felt I learned new things by talking to people from different walks of life who I wouldn't normally meet.
9．The man was grateful to the author because ________.
A．he made his first friend there
B．he gained some useful information
C．the author helped him kill the time
D．the author helped him make a decision
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“I told him what I knew ... grateful to me for my information.”可知，那人感激作者是因为得到了一些有用的信息。
10．What did the author probably learn from the experience on May 30th?
A．Babies are great conversation starters.
B．It's inconvenient to go out with a baby.
C．People love looking at ridiculous babies.
D．It's not challenging to talk with strangers.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句可知，这次经历让作者意识到小孩是开展闲聊的利器。
11．At this experiment, the author most probably found it ________.
A．useless B．exciting
C．rewarding D．embarrassing
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的叙述可推断，作者觉得这次经历很值得。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Now more than ever, it's important to protect yourself while online. To be the safest you can possibly be, there are a few steps you can take.
__1__ This means you should never choose a password like “1234” or “password”， which is too obvious. Create passwords that are a good mixture of letters, numbers and special characters. Avoid using something that people may know about you, such as your birthdate or favorite sports team. You should also use a long password because it's usually more difficult to guess.
Be smart with e?mails. __2__ Opening a strange e?mail can result in harmful software being installed (安装) on your computer or mobile phone. Sometimes you may receive a strange?looking e?mail from an e?mail address of someone you know. __3__ It is possible that the person's account may have been hacked (侵入)．
Always use antivirus (杀毒的) software. It is important to use antivirus software on your computer. __4__ If anything is found, take the necessary steps to remove it from your computer system. If you use an Android smartphone, you should install a good antivirus app on it as well.
Be smart about social media. You should always leave certain details out of your social media accounts. __5__ You should also make use of the privacy settings on your accounts so that you can control who sees what. Be careful about accepting everyone who wants to connect as well.
When you follow these tips, you will enjoy better security and be less likely to be a target for hackers.
A．Don't trust it easily.
B．Use more than one e?mail address.
C．Use passwords that are difficult to guess.
D．Don't use too much software at the same time.
E．You should be careful of any unknown e?mail addresses.
F．Run the programs at least once per week to check for viruses.
G．Your birthdate and address don't necessarily need to be added.
答案：1～5 CEAFG
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Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.lack v．& n． 缺乏，缺少 2.nod v. 点头 3.sigh v. 叹气，叹息 4.opportunity n. 机会 5.certain adj. 某些 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.informal adj.非正式的→formal adj.正式的 2.serious adj.严肃的→seriously adv.严肃地 3.confidently adv.自信地→confident adj.自信的→confidence n．自信 4.advance adj.预先的，在前的→advanced adj.先进的，高级的 1.lack v．& n．缺乏，缺少 [同义] be short of缺少，短缺 [联想] pack v．包装 n．一群 2.nod v．(nodded, nodded)点头 [联想] shake one's head摇头 3.sigh v．叹气，叹息 [形近] sign n. 手势，招牌，符号，标志 4.opportunity n．机会 [联想] chance n. 机会，可能性 5.certain adj.某些 [联想] sure adj.对……有把握，确信某事，稳当的，可靠的 adv.的确，当然
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.make friends 交朋友，建立友谊 2.(be) nervous about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安 3.think of 想起，回忆起；考虑 4.body language 身体语言，肢体语言 5.look away from 把目光从……移开 6.social rules 社交规则 7.in addition 除此之外，另外 8.find out 了解(到)；找出(信息) 1.at a social event 参加社交活动 2.good social skills 良好的社交技能 3.have a conversation 谈话 4.that way 那样 5.damage your confidence 破坏你的信心 6.ask for more information 要求更多的信息 7.show your interest 表示你的兴趣 8.arrive at a party 到达聚会
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.And they are easy to learn. 而且这些(技能)是容易学习的。 本句含有“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，该结构中不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 The sentence is_easy_to_understand. 这个句子很容易理解。
2.People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation. 具备良好社交技能的人能很好地和别人交流并且知道怎样交谈。 句中how to have a conversation 属于“疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构，该结构在句中作know的宾语。 Having thought of it carefully, he told me how_to_solve_the_problem. 仔细考虑之后，他告诉了我如何解决这个问题。
3.Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours！ 和一个人谈论他自己，他就会和你说上几个小时！ “祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”为常用固定句型，意为“做某事，那么/否则就会……”。 Use_your_head_and you will come up with a way. 动动脑筋，你就能想出办法。
1．(教材P2)Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don't know?
你是否想结交更多的朋友但又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心？
?lack
(1)v.缺乏，缺少
lack sth. 缺乏某物
lack for nothing 什么也不缺
①I lack words in which to express my thanks.
我难以用语言来表达我的感谢。
②They are so rich that they lack for nothing.
他们非常富裕，什么也不欠缺。
(2)n.缺乏，不足(常与of连用，有时前面可加不定冠词a)
(1) (a) lack of ... 缺乏……
for/through lack of ... 因缺乏……
(2)lacking adj. 缺少的，缺乏的，不足的
be lacking in 不足，不够
③Lack of vitamin B is making him seriously ill.
缺少维生素B使他病得很重。
④I haven't finished the painting for/through_lack_of time.
由于时间不够，我尚未完成这幅画。
⑤She seems to be totally lacking in common sense.
她似乎一点常识都没有。
[名师点津] lack用作不及物动词时，通常与for和in连用；lack用作及物动词时不能用于被动语态；lack用作名词时后常与介词of连用。
2．(教材P2) And are you nervous about the idea of being at a social event in another country?
你是否一想到要在别的国家参加社交活动就觉得忐忑不安？
?(be) nervous about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安
(1)feel nervous about 对……紧张不安
be nervous of 因……而紧张
(2)feel nervous 感到紧张
get nervous 变得焦躁不安
make sb. nervous 使人烦躁不安
①I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.
对于明天的全国英语演讲比赛我感觉非常紧张。
②I'm extremely nervous of missing the train.
我非常担心我会赶不上火车。
③Anything could make_me_nervous. I was so uneasy.
任何事情都可以让我烦躁不安，我也太心绪不宁了。
[辨析比较] nervous, anxious, eager
nervous 特指在陌生的环境或重大事情发生前的那种害怕、紧张的感觉，相当于very afraid
anxious 指等待不确定结果时感到焦虑、担心
eager 表示重大事件发生前兴奋和激动的心情
选用上述单词填空
④(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.
⑤I'm very anxious about the speech contest.
⑥When my own son was five years old, I became eager for another baby.
3．(教材P2)It helps if you do a little advance planning.
要是预先做些准备，将会对你有所帮助。
?advance
(1)adj.预先的，在前的
①It is a popular show, so advance booking is essential.
这是个很受欢迎的演出，所以一定要提前订票。
[名师点津] advanced也是形容词，意为“高级的，先进的”。
②It's impossible for us to beat AlphaGo, an advanced(advance) robot.
对于我们来说，击败阿尔法围棋——一款先进的机器人是不可能的。
(2)v.前进；促进；提出；提前
③The strikers advanced on/towards us, shouting angrily.
罢工的人愤怒地喊叫着向我们逼近。
(3)n.前进；进步；发展；提升
in advance (＝ ahead of time) 事先，事前
in advance of ... 在……前面；比……进 步/超前
make advances/an advance in 在……方面取得进展
④There have been great advances in medicine in the last ten years.
在过去十年里，医学取得了巨大的进步。
⑤(2017·天津高考)He would call in_advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.
他会提前打电话确保派对上没有酒。
⑥He is far in_advance_of his class.
他在班上遥遥领先。
[语境串记] With the help of the advanced technology, we can complete the task in advance.
在高科技的帮助下，我们可以提前完成这项任务。
4．(教材P2)think of things to tell people about your studies
想出一些有关你学习的事情告诉别人
?think of想起，回忆起；考虑；想出
think about 考虑，思考
think over 仔细考虑
think out 仔细思考；想出(主意等)
think highly/well of 对……高度评价
think of ...as ... 把……看作……
①Can you think of a good way to make friends?
你能想出一个交友的好办法吗？
②I will think_over your suggestion, and let you know my decision in a day or two.
我将仔细考虑你的建议，并在一两天后把我的决定告诉你。
③We all think of her as a responsible teacher.
我们都认为她是一位很负责的教师。
5．(教材P3)look away from the person who's talking to you
把目光从正跟你说话的人身上移开
?look away from把目光从……移开
look out for 当心……；提防……
look up to 尊敬，敬仰
look back on 回顾；回忆
look down upon 看下面，俯视，轻视；瞧不起
look forward to 盼望，期待
look up 向上看，仰视；查找
look into 调查，研究
look through 翻阅；浏览；看透
①Hearing the noise, they looked away from their books.
听见喧闹声，他们的目光从书本上移开了。
②I hope I could have time to look_through my lessons before the examination.
我希望有时间在考试前浏览一遍我的功课。
③We must not look_down_on/upon those who have lagged behind.
我们千万不要瞧不起落后的人。
④I like to look_back_on my high?school days, which were the happiest in my life.
我喜欢回顾我的中学时代，那是我生命中最快乐的时光。
6．(教材P3)In addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave.
另外，你需要知道你该待多久，还有该在何时离开。
?in addition除此之外，另外
①You need money and time.In addition, you need diligence.
你需要钱和时间，除此之外，你还需要努力。
[辨析比较] in addition, in addition to
in addition 副词短语，表示 “此外”，在句中作状语。与besides (adv.), what's more同义
in addition to 介词短语，to后跟名词、代词或动名词，表示“除了……之外(还)”。从意义上讲，相当于as well as 或besides (prep.)
选用上述短语填空
②The out?of?class activities help build up children's character in_addition.
另外，这些课外的活动有助于培养孩子们的性格。
③(2017·天津高考书面表达)In_addition_to my studies, I got involved in lots of social activities.
除了学习以外，我还参加许多社交活动。
[联想发散] 表示“除了，此外”的单词、短语还有：
①except 除了……之外(别无)
②apart/aside from 除了……之外(还有)；除了…… 之外(别无)
③as well 也，而且
1．And they are easy to learn.
而且这些(技能)是容易学习的。
(1)本句含有“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，该结构中不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。常用于此结构的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, nice, good, dangerous, interesting, important, expensive, fit, comfortable, pleasant, impossible等。
①The book presented to you by the teacher is easy to understand.
老师赠送给你的这本书容易理解。
②The problem you referred to is difficult to_settle (settle)．
你提及的这个问题难以解决。
(2)若不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则应在其后加相应的介词。
③Mr Smith is easy to get along with.
史密斯先生很容易相处。
④The flat, which is near the sea, is comfortable to live in.
靠近大海的这套公寓住起来很舒适。
(3)句式“Sb./Sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”通常可以转化成“It＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.”句式。
⑤The work is difficult to finish on time.
＝It is difficult to_finish (finish) the work on time.
这项工作很难按时完成。
⑥David is easy to make friends with.
＝It is easy to make friends with David.
和戴维交朋友很容易。
2. Here are a few ideas to help you.
下面为帮助你出点主意。
(1)本句是完全倒装句，主语是a few ideas。to help you作定语，修饰a few ideas。
(2)当表示地点、时间或方位的副词放在句首而且句子的主语是名词时，通常将谓语动词提到主语前构成倒装句式。完全倒装句常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
①Here comes the bus.
公共汽车开来了。
②Then out rushed_a_pack_of_dogs!
接着跑出来一群狗！
③In came_a_girl,_wearing a white skirt, with two long pigtails.
一个姑娘进来了，穿着白色裙子，梳着两条长辫子。
[名师点津] 详析副词引起的倒装
(1)当主语是代词时不倒装。
(2)常见用于完全倒装的副词有：here; there; now; then; up; down; in; out; away; off等。
3. Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!
和一个人谈论他自己，他就会和你说上几个小时！
该句是一种常用固定句型，即“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，意为“做某事，那么/否则就会……”。and/or 前面的祈使句表示一个条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，而and/or后面的句子表示一种结果。掌握此句型结构，需注意两点：中间的连词常为and或or；连词后的陈述句的时态多用将来时态。
①Study hard and you will pass the exam.
＝If you study hard, you'll pass the exam.
努力学习，你会通过考试的。
②Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you.
＝Unless you respect yourself, no one else will respect you.
人必自敬，然后人敬之。
③Try_some_of_this_juice — perhaps you'll like it.
尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。
④One more minute and I will finish my homework.
再过一分钟，我就做完作业了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The song made me think of the happy hours we spent together when young.
2．If you tell me in advance, I will have your order ready for you.
3．Dr. Bake is a professor in physics. In addition, he is a famous writer.
4．Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
5．Hurry up, or you will miss the train.
6．A foreign language like English is difficult to_learn(learn), so you can never work too hard.
7．He quickly looked away from me and pretended not to have seen me.
8．She was nervous about walking home so late.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Twenty students want to attend the lecture that aims to teach_how_to_read_fast (如何快速阅读)．
2．It_is_certain_that (肯定) he will be present at the meeting.
3．Then came_the_moment (时刻到来了) we had been looking forward to.
4．Work hard and_you_will_succeed (你就会成功)．
5．This machine is_very_easy_to_operate (很容易操作)．Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We have an informal (非正式的) agreement to ride to school together.
2．I'd like to take this opportunity (机会) to thank everyone for their hard work on the project.
3．The enemy forces were advancing (前进) against our defense works.
4．She is certain (确信) that the young man has gone mad.
5．He blinked, yawned (打哈欠) and looked around.
6．A large number of plants died for lack (缺少) of water.
7．His encouraging remarks inspired confidence(自信) in me.
8．We are currently focusing seriously (认真地) on this matter.
9．She greeted her neighbor with a nodding (点头)．
10．She sighed (叹气) as she lay back on the bed.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Don't look away of me when I'm speaking to you.
of→from
2．The department provides mathematics classes. On addition, it makes physics classes available.On→In
3．Now Jack is nervous about drive again after the accident.drive→driving
4．Alex's real problem is that he lacks for the courage to do it.去掉for
5．I want to avoid speak to him until I've got more details.speak→speaking
Ⅲ.选词填空
look away from， think of， find out， in addition， for certain， make friends， be certain of， in advance of
1．I never see the picture but I think_of my college years.
2．I am determined to find_out the rights and wrongs of this matter.
3．Hiking is good sports. In_addition,_it is great fun.
4．She looked_away_from her computer and smiled at me.
5．We never knew for_certain how it happened.
6．We are_certain_of your success, so be confident of yourself.
7．It is better to get to the airport in advance of at least a hour.
8．Helen is a very shy girl and does not make_friends easily.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
You might cross the road to avoid 1.talking (talk) to someone you recognise, or you would love to go to a party and talk 2.confidently (confident) to every guest. You needn't worry about situations like these if you have good social skills. People with good social skills communicate well and know how 3.to_have (have) a conversation.It helps if you do a little advance 4.planning (plan)．
Small talk is very important and 5.prepares (prepare) you for more serious conversations. Have some low?risk conversation openers ready. And 6.listening (listen) is a skill 7.which most people lack, but communication is a two?way process — it involves 8.speaking (speak) and listening. Always remember — you won't impress people 9.if you talk too much.
If you go to 10.a social occasion in another country, remember that social rules can be different.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
李明的学校要组织一次演讲，他的班主任鼓励他参加。然而，李明缺乏信心(lack confidence)。老师给了他下列建议：首先，他应该提前(in advance)准备好演讲稿。其次，演讲时，目光不能从观众身上移开(look away from), 另外(in addition), 他应该大声讲话以便使自己被清晰地听见。最后但同样重要的是，他应该相信自己。李明答应老师他会仔细考虑(think of)这件事，并第二天会给他答复。
Li_Ming's_school_is_going_to_organize_a_speech_and_his_headteacher_encourages_him_to_take_part_in_it._However,_Li_Ming_lacks_confidence._The_teacher_gives_him_the_following_suggestions:_First,_he_should_prepare_the_speech_in_advance._Second,_when_he_makes_a_speech,_he_shouldn't_look_away_from_the_audience._In_addition,_he_should_speak_loudly_to_make_himself_heard_clearly._Last_but_not_least,_he_should_believe_in_himself._Li_Ming_promises_his_teacher_that_he_will_think_of_it_carefully_and_give_him_the_answer_the_next_day.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
I was adopted when I was 3 months old. My father didn't want me at first. He told my mother he was not __1__ accepting somebody else's kid. He felt greatly __2__ because he was unable to give my mother the children they both so deeply __3__.
My dad liked chatting with everyone. He would start __4__ at the grocery store or at the cinema. Once, while we were visiting a small airport, my dad __5__ a local pilot (飞行员) into giving me a __6__ in his airplane. I was surprised that he __7__ a stranger enough to let me go, __8__ he did. He never said “no” when I tested my own wings.
Then there was the time when our neighbor's house was on fire. My adopted brother saw the __9__ and woke my dad up. Dad told my mom to __10__ the fire department, and then he went next door to __11__. He opened the front door and called out. Our neighbor __12__， but Dad couldn't see her because of the __13__. So he crouched (蹲) down to the floor and kept __14__ her to come toward his voice. __15__ he felt her hand and pulled her out of the burning home. He stayed there __16__ the firemen arrived.
My dad fixed things. He fixed the car when it __17__. He repaired the hot water heater when it stopped working. I remember there is __18__ he couldn't fix except the stroke (中风) that took him in his 64th year. As I said goodbye to him in the ICU, I whispered to him that I loved him. I told him that I didn't need to find my __19__ parents because they were my parents. I __20__ him for being my dad.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者年幼时被收养，养父平凡却伟大，对作者有非常重要的影响。
1．A.comfortable B．proud
C．busy D．worth
解析：选A 根据上文的“My father didn't want me at first.”可知，养父起初不想收养作者，因为接受别人的孩子让他感到很不自在(comfortable)。
2．A.glad B．angry
C．guilty D．surprised
解析：选C 根据下文的“because he was unable to give my mother the children”可知，养父因为无法给母亲带来孩子而感到非常愧疚(guilty)。
3．A.depended B．wanted
C．asked D．connected
解析：选B 根据语境可知，养父母非常想拥有自己的孩子，故选“wanted”。
4．A.memories B．tastes
C．discussions D．conversations
解析：选D 根据上文的“My dad liked chatting with everyone.”可知，父亲喜欢聊天，他不管在哪里都能跟人攀谈起来，故选“conversations”。
5．A.persuaded B．argued
C．forced D．cheated
解析：选A 根据上文父亲爱攀谈和下文的“when I tested my own wings”可知，此处指父亲说服飞行员让作者坐飞机，persuade sb. into doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“说服某人做某事”，故选“persuaded”。
6．A.prize B．ride
C．rest D．chance
解析：选B 父亲说服一位当地的飞行员让作者搭一次他的飞机，故选“ride”。
7．A.trusted B．taught
C．liked D．understood
解析：选A 作者感到非常惊讶：父亲居然完全相信(trusted)一个陌生人而让作者去坐对方的飞机。
8．A.if B．but
C．or D．because
解析：选B 根据下文的“He never said ‘no’ when I tested my own wings.”可知，作者惊讶于父亲的举动，但是(but)他确实这样做了。此处表示转折关系，故选B。
9．A.causes B．evidence
C．lights D．flames
解析：选D 联系上文的“when our neighbor's house was on fire”可知，邻居家的房子着火了，弟弟看到火苗(flames)叫醒了父亲。
10．A.rescue B．visit
C．phone D．watch
解析：选C 根据语境可知，父亲知道发生了火灾便让母亲给消防局打电话，故选“phone”。
11．A.help B．leave
C．explain D．sleep
解析：选A 根据下文关于救助的描述可知，父亲让母亲去报警之后就跑去隔壁帮忙(help)。
12．A.appeared B．stopped
C．laughed D．answered
解析：选D 根据前后文的“called out”和“Dad couldn't see her”可知，父亲呼喊后，邻居应答(answered)了。
13．A.smell B．smoke
C．water D．sound
解析：选B 根据语境可知，父亲虽然听到邻居的应答声，但却看不到对方，因为屋里有浓烟(smoke)。
14．A.pushing B．sending
C．calling D．inviting
解析：选C 根据后文的“come toward his voice”可知，父亲蹲下来不断呼喊想让邻居顺着他的声音过去。
15．A.Obviously B．Fortunately
C．Suddenly D．Finally
解析：选D 根据语境可知，最后父亲终于抓到了邻居的手，把她拉出了火场，故选“Finally”。
16．A.before B．since
C．until D．unless
解析：选C 救出邻居之后，父亲仍然待在那里直到(until)消防队员到来。
17．A.broke out B．went on
C．broke down D．set off
解析：选C 根据前后文描述可知，父亲能修好一切东西，当汽车发生故障(broke down)时也是一样。
18．A.anything B．something
C．everything D．nothing
解析：选 D 根据语境可知，作者记得没有什么事(nothing)是父亲不能解决的，除了他64岁得了中风这件事。
19．A.right B．possible
C．close D．real
解析：选D 根据下文的“because they were my parents”可知，作者觉得自己不必去寻找亲生父母，因为养父母就是自己的父母，故选“real”。
20．A.shouted B．thanked
C．paid D．worried
解析：选B 根据前文的“I whispered to him that I loved him”和“because they were my parents”可知，作者感谢(thanked)养父成为自己的父亲。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Yesterday, I visited a nursing home and played the guitar for several old man. I played a piece calling “Flight of the Eagle” for the sick man. He said that he wanted to be as freely as the eagle after his recovery. Another man for who I played was a pianist when he was young, so we had “musical language” in common. I find him relaxed as I played, and then he fell asleep quiet.Later, they told to me how grateful they were for my coming. I was deeply rewarded by playing music for him, because my small action gave me a chance to take care the sick.
答案：第一句：man→men
第二句：calling→called; 第二个the→a
第三句：freely→free
第四句：who→whom
第五句：find→found; quiet→quietly
第六句：去掉to
第七句：him→them; care后加of
PAGE
11
Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
[原文呈现]
The Wrong Kind of Small Talk
Esther Greenbaum was a saleswoman① for a firm② of fax③ machines and business supplies. But she was also the most outspoken④ human being⑤ in the world — well, Westchester County, at least⑥. Her motto⑦ was “Every time⑧ I open my mouth, I put my foot in it⑨.”
Esther Greenbaum's major shortcoming? was that she had a complete absence? of small talk?. No, that's not quite true. She had small talk, but it was the wrong kind. In fact?， she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication, and as a consequence?， she made systematic? mistakes every time she opened her mouth. It was no coincidence? either that she wasn't a very good saleswoman.?
[读文清障]
①saleswoman /'seIlz?w?m?n/ n．女推销员，女销售员
②firm /f??m/ n．公司
③fax /f?ks/ n．传真(机)
④outspoken /?a?t'sp??k?n/ adj.直言不讳的，坦率的
⑤human being 人类，其复数形式是human beings。
⑥at least 至少
⑦motto /'m?t??/ n．座右铭，格言
⑧every time “每次”，是名词短语用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
⑨put one's foot in one's mouth 犯使人难堪的错误，说错话
⑩major adj.主要的
?shortcoming /'???t?k?mI?/ n．缺点，短处
?absence /'?bs?ns/ n．缺乏，不存在
?that she had ...是表语从句。
?in fact 实际上， as a matter of fact 事实上
?as a consequence 因此，结果
?systematic /?sIst?'m?tIk/ adj.非偶然的，经常的
?coincidence /k??'InsId?ns/ n．巧合
?It is/was no coincidence that ... ……不是巧合。it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
不合时宜的闲谈
埃斯特·戈林鲍姆是一家传真及商务用品公司的女推销员。但她也是世界上最口无遮拦的人——当然，至少在韦切斯特县是这样的。她的座右铭是“每当我张口，就会讲错话。”
埃斯特·戈林鲍姆的主要缺点是她根本不会闲谈。不，也不完全如此。她也闲谈，只是不合时宜。实际上，她从来就没有认识到社交的基本规则，因此每次张嘴说话她都会犯经常性的错误。她成不了一名优秀的推销员也就不是巧合了。
One day during a meeting, Esther was introduced to? an important customer?， a mature woman.
“Nice to meet you，” she said. “How old are you？” The customer looked awkward.
“Forty? Forty?five？” said Esther. “You look much older. And your friend ... she's older than you, but she looks much younger！”
On another occasion, Esther teased a typist，“Hey! When's your baby due？”
The typist went red and contradicted Esther. “Actually, I'm not pregnant，”she said.
“Oh, sorry，” said Esther without any apology.“Just putting on a little weight， huh？”
Esther was never cautious about other people's feelings. One of her acquaintances， a salesman in the firm, was going through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. She tried to cheer him up.
“Forget her! She was a complete fool. No one liked her anyway.”
?be introduced to sb.被介绍给某人
?customer /'k?st?m?/ n．顾客，客户
mature /m?'t???/ adj.成熟的
awkward /'??kw?d/ adj.尴尬的
tease /ti?z/ v．戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄
typist /'taIpIst/ n．打字员
go red 变红
contradict /?k?ntr?'dIkt/ v．反驳
pregnant /'pregn?nt/ adj.怀孕的
apology /?'p?l?d?i/ n．道歉，致歉
put on weight 长胖，增肥
lose weight 减肥
cautious /'k????s/ adj.谨慎的，慎重的
be cautious about (＝ be careful of/about)
对……谨慎小心
acquaintance /?'kweInt?ns/ n．熟人
go through 遭受，经历
messy /'mesi/ adj.棘手的，难办的
divorce /dI'v??s/ n．离婚，离异
cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振作起来
fool /fu?l/ n．傻瓜，笨蛋
一天在一次会议期间，埃斯特被介绍给一位重要的客户，一位成熟的女士。
她说：“很高兴见到你。你多大年纪啦？”这位客户看起来很尴尬。,埃斯特说道：“四十？四十五？你看起来更老。而你的朋友……她年龄比你大，但看起来年轻得多！”
还有一次，埃斯特打趣一位打字员说：“嗨！你什么时候生宝宝啊？”
那位打字员一下子变得面红耳赤，并反驳埃斯特说：“实际上， 我还没怀孕呢。”,埃斯特毫无歉意地说：“噢，对不起。只是略微发福，是吗？”,埃斯特从来不注意他人的感受。和她在同一家公司做推销员的一个熟人正陷入离婚窘境，并为此非常沮丧。她试图让他高兴起来。
“忘掉她！她是一个十足的傻瓜。没有人喜欢她。”
Much of the time, Esther said the first thing to come into her head. One day at work, a clerk came into the office with a new hairstyle.
“Nice haircut，” said Esther.“How much did it cost？”
The woman replied, “I'd rather not say.”
Esther replied, “Well, anyhow， either you paid too much or you paid too little.”
She met a very famous writer once. “Hey, what a coincidence！” she said. “You're writing a book and I'm reading one！”
to come into her head 作后置定语，修饰the first thing。
clerk /klɑ?k/ n．职员，办事员
haircut /'he??k?t/ n．发型，发式
would rather “宁愿”，后接动词原形，还可接that从句(从句用一般过去时或过去完成时表示虚拟语气)。
anyhow /'eni?ha?/ adv.不管怎么说，无论如何
either ... or ... 或者……或者……
大多数时候，埃斯特想到什么就说什么。有一天工作时，一位刚换了新发型的职员走进办公室。
埃斯特说：“发型很漂亮，花了多少钱？”,这位女士回答道：“我宁愿不说。”
埃斯特答道：“哦，不管怎样，要么你花了太多，要么你花了太少。”
有一次她遇见一位非常著名的作家。她说：“嗨，多么巧啊！你正在写一本书，我正在看一本书！”
The trouble with Esther was she said what she thought, and didn't think about what she said. A young man was trying to be modest about his new job many miles away.
“I guess the company chose me so they'd get some peace in the office，” he smiled.
“No, I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your whole career with us，” Esther replied sweetly.
Once, Esther went to a brunch party to meet some old school friends on the anniversary of their graduation.She greeted the hostess.
“Do you remember that guy you were dating？ What happened to him？” she asked. “You know, the ugly one.”
At that moment， a man came up and stood by her friend. “Esther, I'd like you to meet my husband，” she said. “Charles, this is ...”
Esther interrupted her，“Hey, so you married him！”
was 后省略了表语从句引导词that，表语从句中含有并列谓语said和didn't think about，它们分别后接了宾语从句what she thought和what she said。
modest /'m?dIst/ adj.谦虚的，谦逊的
be modest about 对……谦虚
discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
sweetly adj.令人愉快地；甜美地
brunch /br?nt?/ n．早午餐(早餐与午餐合并吃的一餐)
anniversary /??nI'v??s?ri/ n．周年纪念日
greet vt.问候，向……打招呼
其后直接跟sb.，意同say hi/hello to sb.。
hostess /'h??stIs/ n．女主人
you were dating 前省略了定语从句的关系词that, who或whom。
ugly adj.丑陋的，难看的
at that moment 正在那时
come up 走过来，走上前来
interrupt /?Int?'r?pt/ v．打断
marry v．嫁给……；与……结婚
be married to sb.与某人结婚
埃斯特的问题是她想到什么就说什么，而且从不考虑她说的话。一位年轻人为他好几英里外的新工作而尽力表示谦虚。
他微笑着说：“我想公司选择我是为了他们在办公室里可以得到一些平和。”,埃斯特亲切地回答：“不是的，我想他们之所以挑中你是因为不想让你一辈子都跟着我们干。”
有一次，埃斯特在他们毕业周年纪念日去一个早午餐聚会见几个老校友。她向女主人打招呼。
她问道：“你还记得和你约会的那个家伙吗？他怎么样了？你知道的，就是那个长得丑的。”
正在那时，一个男人走过来，站在她朋友的旁边。她说：“埃斯特，我想让你见见我丈夫。查尔斯，这是……”
埃斯特打断她说：“噢，原来你和他结了婚！”
[原文呈现]
Making Friends in the USA
In the USA, conversation is less lively than in many other cultures, ①where everyone talks at the same time②. When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen③，no matter how④ dull the person's speaking may be.
If you're not sure what to talk about, you can ask what people do⑤. We're defined⑥ by our jobs and we're usually happy to talk about them, unless⑦ you're a spy!
Some people say that Americans talk about their feelings more than Asians, but are more secretive⑧ about factual⑨ matters. You can safely ask questions about families, where you come from, leisure interests, as well as the latest? movies. We're interested in? people's ethnic? background too. But it's best to avoid politics, religion? and other sensitive? topics?.
[读文清障]
①where引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为many other cultures。
②at the same time 同时
③be expected to do 被期望做……
④no matter how“无论，不管”，引导让步状语从句。
⑤If you're not sure ... 是条件状语从句，从句中what to ...作sure的宾语；主句you can ask ... 中what people do作ask的宾语。
⑥define /dI'faIn/ v．解释，给……下定义
⑦unless conj. (＝if ... not) 除非
⑧secretive /'si?kr?tIv/ adj.秘而不宣的，隐藏的
be secretive about 对……隐藏
⑨factual /'f?kt??l/ adj.实际的，事实的，确实的
⑩as well as 不但……而且…… as well 也，又
?latest adj.最新的
?be interested in 对……感兴趣
take (an) interest in 对……产生兴趣
?ethnic adj.民族的，种族的
?religion n．宗教(信仰)
?sensitive adj.敏感的， be sensitive to 对……敏感
?句中it是形式主语，to avoid ... 是真正的主语。
在美国交朋友
[第1～3段译文]
在美国，交谈比在许多别的国家沉闷得多，在别的国家大家都一起聊天。(而在美国)当有人说话时，不管他说得可能多么无聊，每个人都应该倾听。
如果你不能确定谈论什么，你可以问一下别人是做什么的。工作体现着我们的特质，而且我们通常乐意去谈论它们，除非你是一个间谍！
有些人说美国人谈论感情要比亚洲人多，但他们对现实的事情却更隐藏。你除了可以很放心地问最新的电影，还可以问有关家庭、籍贯、业余爱好等的问题。我们对人们的民族背景也感兴趣。但最好避免政治、宗教和其他敏感话题。
A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someone, but this doesn't mean that you're close friends, or the relationship is very deep. But a lot of people are very friendly and hospitable?， and the famous invitation “If you're ever in Minneapolis/San Diego/Poughkeepsie, do? call by? and see us！” is never made without a genuine? desire to meet again.
But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask, particularly if you clearly show you're aware of cultural differences, they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions.In fact, it's a sign that they don't wish to violate your private life. So, many Americans will talk about safe topics because they don't dare to be too curious or personal, but will happily talk about more private matters if you take the lead.
?hospitable /h?'spIt?bl/ adj.好客的，殷勤的
?do置于动词原形前，用来强调谓语动词。
?call by 顺道来访
?genuine /'d?enjuIn/ adj.纯粹的，真正的，真实的
desire n．渴望，欲望， desire to do sth.渴望做某事
particularly adv.特别地，尤其(＝ in particular)
(be) aware of 知道 be aware that ... 知道……
hesitate v．迟疑，犹豫不决， hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
while “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句；if引导条件状语从句；before 引导时间状语从句；you may ask 为省略关系代词的定语从句；you're aware of ... 为省掉that的宾语从句。
violate /'vaI??leIt/ v．骚扰，妨碍，侵犯
private adj.私人的，个人的
that they ... 是同位语从句，解释a sign的内容。
curious adj.好奇的， be curious about 对……好奇
take the lead 带头，领先
[第4～5段译文]
两个人认识很短一段时间之后，就可能会有亲密的交谈，但这并不意味着你们就是亲密的朋友或关系非常好了。但许多人非常友好、好客，而且如果无意再相见，他们是不会作出“如果你有机会到明尼阿波利斯/圣地亚哥/波基普西，务必顺道来看看我们！”这种人们所惯见的邀请的。
但是尽管极少数的美国人会担心你可能提出的问题，尤其是你明显地表现出你了解文化差异时，在问你相似的问题之前，他们会犹豫。事实上，这表明他们不希望侵犯你的私人生活。因此，许多美国人都谈论一些安全的话题，因为他们不敢?表现得?太好奇或太冒昧，但如果你首先引入?私人话题?，他们会高兴地谈论更多关于私人的事情。
Generally we dislike arguments， and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement. It's easy to return to discussing the weather： “Do you like the USA? How do you like the weather？” or making compliments： “What lovely flowers and what a beautiful vase！”“That's a fabulous dress you're wearing.” You should accept compliments graciously and say “Thank you！”
There are a couple of dangerous topics of conversation: age and money. Age is not treated as something very special， unless someone is very old: “Isn't she wonderful for her age！” and there are no special rules or signs of extra respect for elderly people. Anyway， Americans always want to look younger than they really are, so don't expect an accurate reply！
generally adv.大体上，一般地(＝ in general)
argument n．争论
lead to 导致(to为介词)
It is/was ＋ adj. ＋ to do sth. 做某事是……的。it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正的主语。
compliment n．称赞，夸奖
graciously /'greI??sli/ adv.优雅地
be treated as 被当作
同义短语：be regarded/thought of/considered as
修饰something, nothing等不定代词的形容词要放在其后面。
anyway ＝ anyhow 不管怎样
accurate adj.确切的，准确的
[第6～7段译文]
一般来说，我们不喜欢争论，并避开那些导致分歧的话题。回到天气的讨论中很容易：“你喜欢美国吗？你觉得这儿的天气怎么样？”或者说些称赞的话：“多么可爱的花，多么漂亮的花瓶啊！”“你穿的那条连衣裙真漂亮。”你应该欣然接受赞美并说“谢谢！”
有两个敏感的话题：年龄和钱。年龄并没有被当作很特殊的话题，除非某人年事已高：“以她的年龄，难道她活得不精彩吗！”而且没有格外尊敬老人的特别规定或迹象。不管怎样，美国人总是想让自己看起来比他们的真实年龄年轻些，因此别指望他们给出确切的回答！
Income is a very private matter, and you'd do well to avoid asking how much people earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth. We don't ask how much things cost, either.
But what we don't like is silence, and almost anything is better than the embarrassment of a quiet party and silent guests.,do well to do ... 最好做……
avoid doing ... 避免做……
show off 炫耀
although some people ... 是让步状语从句，其中含有not only ... but (also) ... 结构。
what we don't like是主语从句。
embarrassment n．尴尬
[第8～9段译文]
收入是很私人的事情，你最好避免问别人挣多少钱，尽管有些人对此不仅不加隐瞒，反而还炫耀他们的财富。我们也不问东西值多少钱。
但是我们不喜欢沉默不语，几乎任何事情都比宴会冷清、宾客沉默所带来的尴尬要好。
Read the passage and choose the best answers.
1．What's the reason for Esther to have the motto “Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it”？
A．She was the most outspoken human being in the world.
B．She was not a very good saleswoman.
C．She had a complete absence of small talk.
D．She had never learnt the basic rules of small talk.
2．From the conversation between Esther and one of her customers in Paragraphs 3 to 5, we can know that ________.
A．Esther was quite familiar with the customer
B．Esther was laughing at the customer for her old looking
C．it was not impolite to ask one's age
D．the customer was pleased to talk with Esther
3．What was the possible result after Esther comforted her acquaintance who was going through a divorce?
A．He was out of depression.
B．He was cheered up by Esther.
C．He became angry as well as depressed.
D．He thanked Esther a lot for her help.
4．The sentence in the 15th paragraph“You're writing a book and I'm reading one！” actually means “________”．
A．I am reading the book you are writing now
B．I'm reading a book similar to yours
C．while you are writing books, I'm reading books
D．I'm very interested in the book you are writing now
5．From the whole passage, we can see that ________ are NOT suitable small talk topics.
A．some personal matters like one's age, weight, marriage and so on
B．things about one's hairstyle and appearance
C．personal affairs like one's income, career and dating, etc.
D．All of the above
答案：1～5 DBCBD
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.obligation n． 责任，义务 2.prize n. 奖品，奖金 3.form n. 表格 4.tidy v. 使……整洁，整理 5.outspoken adj. 直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的 6.reply n. 回答，答复，回信 7.shortcoming n. 缺点，短处 8.customer n. 顾客，客户 9.awkward adj. 尴尬的 10.acquaintance n. 熟人 11.anyhow adv. 不管怎么说，无论如何 12.modest adj. 谦虚的 13.anniversary n. 周年纪念日 14.purpose n. 目的 15.circumstance n. 情形，情况 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.application n．申请→apply v．申请→applicant n．申请人 2.impolite adj.不礼貌的→polite adj.有礼貌的 3._favour n．恩惠，照顾→favourable adj.有利的，赞许的→favourite adj.特别喜欢的4.absence n．缺乏，不存在→absent adj.缺席的 5.cautious adj.谨慎的，慎重的，小心的→caution n．谨慎，小心 6.modest adj.谦虚的→modesty n．谦虚 7.interrupt v．打断→interruption n．打断 8.define v．解释，给……下定义→definition n．定义，解释9.graciously adv.优雅地→gracious adj.优雅的 10.successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地→success n．成功→succeed v．成功 11.apology n．道歉，致歉→apologise v．道歉 12.imagine v．现象→imagination n．想象，想象力→imaginative adj.富有想象力的→imaginary adj.想象中的，虚构的 1.prize n． 奖品，奖金[比较] ①award：指获得的正式荣誉(如文学奖) ②prize：指比赛后获得的奖章(一等奖、二等奖、三等奖) ③reward：指你帮了别人后获得的报酬(如你救了别人后别人给你报酬) [词块] get the first prize 获得一等奖 2.form n. 表格 [词块] fill in/out a form 填写表格 3.tidy v. 使……整洁，整理 [词块] tidy up 整理，收拾 4.reply n．& v．(replied, replied) 回答，回复，回信 [词块] reply to 答复，回复 5.shortcoming n. 缺点，短处 [同义] weakness n. 弱点，缺点 [反义] strength n. 优点，长处 6.customer n. 顾客，客户 [联想] custom n. 风俗，习惯 7.awkward adj. 尴尬的 [同义] embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的 8.acquaintance n. 熟人 [反义] stranger n. 陌生人 9.anyhow adv. 不管怎么说，无论如何 [同义] anyway anyway和anyhow同义，但前者多用于美式英语，后者多用于英式英语。 10.purpose n. 目的 [同义] ①aim n. 目的，目标 ②goal n. 目的，目标 [词块] ①achieve the/one's aim/purpose/goal 实现目标 ②accomplish one's aim 达到目的 11.circumstance n. 情形，情况 [词块] ①under certain circumstances 在某种情况下 ②under no circumstances 绝不 12.imagine v. 想象 [串记] Smith is a writer with great imagination. He has written several imaginative novels. We all imagine him as a talented writer.
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.put one's foot in one's mouth 说错话，犯使人难堪的错误 2.as a consequence 因此，结果 3.cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振作起来 4.be cautious about 对……小心/谨慎 5.come up 走近 6.leave out 省去，删去；漏掉；忽视 7.(be) aware of 知道，意识到 8.take the lead 带头，领先 9.show off 炫耀；卖弄；展示；衬托出； 使……夺目 10.have ... in common 有共同之处 1.have a favour to ask 有一事相求 2.be worried about 担心，担忧 3.with a new haircut 留着新发型 4.on the anniversary of their graduation 在他们毕业的周年纪念日 5.cultural differences 文化差异 6.private matters 私事 7.lead to disagreement 造成分歧 8.establish a relationship 建立一种关系 9.an embarrassing silence 一种令人尴尬的沉默
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it. 每当我张口，就会讲错话。 every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次……时”。 Every time we met, we would talk for a while. 我们每次见面都要聊一会儿。
2.It was no coincidence either that she wasn't a very good saleswoman. 她成不了一名优秀的推销员也就不是巧合了。 it为形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的从句。 It_is_necessary_that we are ready by seven. 我们7点以前准备好是必须的。
3.When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person's speaking may be. 当有人说话时，不管他说得可能多么无聊，每个人都应该倾听。 no matter ＋疑问词“无论……”，引导让步状语从句，此时可与疑问词?ever相互转换。 No_matter_how_hard_he_tried,_ he couldn't get her to change her mind. 无论他多么努力尝试，都不能使她改变主意。
4.Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the café or party, etc. 设想这样一种情况，双方都认识的人离开了房间、咖啡馆或聚会后，两个陌生人开始交谈。 situation为先行词，并且关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用where引导定语从句。 Can you think out a situation where this word can be used？ 你能想出这个单词能被使用的场合吗？
1．(教材P7)I have a favour to ask.
我有件事请你帮忙。
?favour
(1)n.恩惠，照顾，支持
do sb.a favour ＝ do a favour for sb.
帮某人一个忙，给某人以恩惠
do sb.the favour to do sth./of doing sth.
帮某人做某事
ask/beg sb. a favour ＝ ask/beg a favour of sb.
请求某人帮个忙
in favour of 赞成，支持
in one's favour 对某人有利
①Do me a favour and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone.
＝ Do me the favour to turn/of turning the radio down while I'm on the phone.
劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的声音调小点好吗？
②I was not in_favour_of what is being done here.
我并不赞成眼下正在做的这件事情。
(2)vt.赞成；帮助；有利于；偏爱
③Fortune favours those who use their judgment.
[谚]智才天助(善于判断的人赢得财富)。
④She always favours (favour) her youngest child (more than the others)．
她总是偏爱她最小的孩子。
[名师点津] do sb. a favour中，favour前的冠词为不定冠词a；但当favour后有不定式或定语从句修饰时，favour前应用定冠词。
2．(教材P8)Esther Greenbaum's major shortcoming was that she had a complete absence of small talk.
埃斯特·戈林鲍姆的主要缺点是她根本不会闲谈。
?absence n. 缺乏；不存在；缺席，不在
(1)in one's absence 某人不在时
absence of mind 心不在焉
in the absence of (物)缺乏，缺少；(人)不在时
(2)absent adj. 缺席的
absent?minded adj. 心不在焉的
be absent from ... 缺席……
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.
在没有灰狼的情况下，丛林狼的数量也增长得很快。
②His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.
他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。
③Barry was absent from the meeting, so I had to inform him of the meeting content.
巴里没有出席会议，所以我不得不将开会内容告诉他。
3．(教材P8)．.. and as a consequence, she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth.
……因此每次张嘴说话她都会犯经常性的错误。
?as a consequence因此，结果
(1)as a consequence＝as a result＝in consequence
因此，结果
as a consequence of＝as a result of＝in consequence of 由于……的缘故
(2)consequence n. 结果，后果，影响(通常用
复数形式)；重要性(＝im?
portance)
take/suffer/bear the consequences of
承担……的后果
(3)consequently adv. 因此，所以，结果
①I missed the first bus. As a consequence, I was late for work.
我错过了第一班车，所以上班迟到了。
②Mr Li forgot to lock the door and in consequence, his house was broken into.
李先生忘了锁门，结果他家被破门而入了。
③As_a_consequence_of/In_consequence_of/As_a_result_of the side effect of the drug, he has become deaf.
由于药物的副作用，他变聋了。
④We must take the consequences of our own deed.
我们必须承担自己行为的后果。
4．(教材P8) “Oh, sorry，” said Esther without any apology.“Just putting on a little weight, huh？”
埃斯特毫无歉意地说：“噢，对不起。只是略微发福，是吗？”
?apology n．道歉
(1)make an apology to sb.for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事向某人道歉
offer/make an apology 主动道歉；致歉
owe sb. an apology for sth.
因为某事应该向某人道歉
(2)apologise vi. 道歉
apologise to sb.for (doing) sth.
(做)某事向某人道歉
①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I owe you an apology for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
我应向你道歉，星期五下午不能和你一起去书店。
②He made an apology to me for hurting my feelings.
他因伤害了我的感情而向我道歉。
③If you're late, you should apologise to the host either immediately or later.
如果你迟到了，你应该立即或事后向主人道歉。
形象记忆 I apologise to him for my mistakes，but he refused my apology. 我因自己犯的错误向他道歉，但他拒绝接受我的道歉。
5．(教材P9)Esther interrupted her, “Hey, so you married him！”
埃斯特打断她说：“噢，原来你和他结了婚！”
?interrupt v．打断；中断
①It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking.
在别人讲话时打断是不礼貌的。
②The TV show was interrupted (interrupt) by too many commercials.
那档电视节目被太多的商业广告打断。
[辨析比较] interrupt, disturb
interrupt “打断，妨碍”，尤指中断某活动的连续性
disturb “扰乱，干扰”，侧重指扰乱某种状态或使秩序(某种过程)受到影响
选用上述单词填空
③I'm sorry to disturb you at this late hour.
④He always interrupted me when I was delivering a speech.
⑤My study in Japan were interrupted by the severe earthquake.
6．(教材P10)Notice how certain words are left out in informal conversation.
注意在非正式谈话中是如何省略某些词的。
?leave out省去，删去；漏掉；忽视
leave alone 不打扰，不理会
leave behind 把……抛在后面；留下
leave for 动身去某地
leave off 停止，中断
leave ...aside 不予考虑，搁置一边
①You can leave out the parts of the story that are not interesting.
你可以把故事中无趣的部分删去。
②She's asked to be left_alone.
她要求不要打扰她。
③When you go camping, please do not leave_behind any trash.
当你露营的时候，请不要留下任何垃圾。
7．(教材P11)．.. particularly if you clearly show you're aware of cultural differences ...
……尤其是你明显地表现出你了解文化差异时……
?be aware of 知道，意识到
make sb. aware of/that ... 使某人意识到……
be/become aware of doing sth. 意识到做(过)某事
be/become aware that/wh?... 意识到……
①We hope that you will not hesitate to make us aware of any shortcomings which you may find in this plan.
这个计划有什么缺欠，希望大家提出来。
②John has been_aware_of having done something wrong.
约翰已意识到自己做错了事情。
③We are aware that smoking is harmful to our health.
我们都知道吸烟对健康有害。
8．(教材P11)Income is a very private matter, and you'd do well to avoid asking how much people earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth.
收入是很私人的事情，你最好避免问别人挣多少钱，尽管有些人对此不仅不加隐瞒，反而还炫耀他们的财富。
?show off炫耀
show sb. around 带领某人参观
show sb. in/out 领某人进来/出去
show up 出席，到场
①He likes to show off how well he speaks French.
他喜欢向人展示他法语讲得有多好。
②They were taken to the garden and shown_around.
他们被带到花园里参观了一番。
③It was ten o'clock when he finally showed_up.
十点钟时他终于到了。
9．(教材P13)Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the café or party, etc.
设想这样一种情况，双方都认识的人离开了房间、咖啡馆或聚会后，两个陌生人开始交谈。
?imagine vt.想象，设想
imagine＋n./pron. 想象
imagine that/wh? ... 想象……
imagine (sb.) doing sth. 想象(某人)做某事
imagine sb./sth. as＋n. 把某人/某物想象成……
①The house was just as she had imagined it.
这房子正是她所想象的。
②Imagine that you were alone on an island.
想象一下你孤身一人在一个岛上。
③Can you imagine living (live) on the moon one day?
你能想象有朝一日住在月球上吗？
④Imagine yourself as an actor in a play on the stage.
想象自己是一位站在舞台上的戏剧演员。
10．(教材P13)What's the purpose of your visit to London?
你到伦敦的目的是什么？
?purpose n．目的，意图
on purpose 故意地
for/with the purpose of 为了……，以……为目的
①The purpose of education should be to expand the minds of children.
教育的目的应该是扩展孩子的心智。
②He explained that he had not done it on_purpose.
他解释他不是故意做这件事的。
③Jack wished to go to France for/with_the_purpose_of studying art.
杰克希望到法国学艺术。
1．Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.
每当我张口，就会讲错话。
(1)句中的every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次……时”。
①You must present your library card every time you borrow books.
你每次借书都必须出示借书证。
②Every_time_I_see_the_picture,_I always think of the days we spent together.
我每次看见这张照片时，都会想起我们一起度过的日子。
(2)名词短语用作连词，引导时间状语从句，常见的还有：
＝as soon as 一……就……
each time 每次……时
(the) next time 下次……时
any time (在)任何时间
the first time 第一次……的时候
the last time 最后一次……的时候
③Next time I go to England, I'll take a boat.
下次去英国，我将乘船。
④The_first_time I shopped online, I was very curious.
第一次在网上购物时，我很好奇。
2．It was no coincidence either that she wasn't a very good saleswoman.
她成不了一位优秀的推销员也就不是巧合了。
(1)“It is/was＋n.＋that ...”为主从复合句，it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
①It was quite a coincidence that my friend was on the same train.
很凑巧，我的朋友也在那列火车上。
(2)为了平衡句子，避免头重脚轻，经常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放到后面。常见的句型还有：
It is＋adj. (necessary/obvious/certain/likely ...)＋that ...
It is＋过去分词(said/reported/believed ...)＋that ...，该句型可转换为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋动词不定式”
②It is quite obvious that he is lying.
很显然他在说谎。
③It is reported that over 50 people lost their lives in the big fire.
＝Over 50 people are reported to_have_lost their lives in the big fire.
据报道50多人在大火中丧生。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Can you do a favour for me and tell me when to get off?
2．He failed in the exam because of his absence (absent) of mind.
3．As a consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.
4．He offered a frank apology to her for having lost the telephone.
5．Traffic in the city was interrupted (interrupt) by a snowstorm.
6．I can't just imagine him saying (say) that!
7．With/For the purpose of studying effectively, I made a plan.
8．It is clear that one cannot live without air.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Please do_me_a_favour — invite my friend Mr Smith to Youth Theatre at 7：30 tonight.
请帮我一个忙，邀请我的朋友史密斯先生今晚七点半到青年剧院。
2．It's a great honour to make_your_acquaintance.
认识你是很大的荣幸。
3．He couldn't wait to show_off his new car to his friends.
他迫不及待地要向他的朋友们炫耀他的新车。
4．She applied_for a job as a secretary in the office.
她申请了一份办公室秘书的工作。
5．He always brings me a pretty gift every_time he comes to visit me.
每次他来看我，他总是给我带来精美的礼物。
6．Don't leave_out the verb in the sentence.
句子中不能省略这个动词。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She is very excited about winning the first prize (奖金)．
2．She replied (回答) that she was happy to accept our invitation.
3．He has made up his mind to overcome his shortcomings(缺点)．
4．They were interrupted (打断) by a knock at the door.
5．A woman such as she will surely be successful (成功的) in her career.
6．She went to Germany for the purpose (目的) of research.
7．The more learned a man is, the more modest (谦虚) he usually is.
8．It is a big opportunity (机会) to realize my dream and never knocks twice.
9．I'm very cautious (谨慎) about expressing my opinions in public.
10．It was impolite (不礼貌) of you to get in their conversation.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They have come here by purpose to see you.by→on
2．On the whole, I'm in the favour of the proposal.去掉第二个the
3．Jennie got up late and in a consequence she missed the bus.去掉a
4．She always takes a lead when we plan to do anything.a→the
5．Do me a favor to take a cake out of the box.第一个a→the
6．You should make apology to her for your carelessness.make后加an
7．They aware that this is not a good habit.aware前加are
8．We hope you can succeed your new post.succeed后加in
Ⅲ.选词填空
leave behind， be aware of， show off， next time， make an apology， cheer up， show up， be absent from
1．She was not aware of what was going on around.
2．Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls.
3．If you don't keep up with the times, you'll get left behind.
4．Do remember to look me up the next time you're in London.
5．He was absent from the party for one reason or another.
6．We waited for two hours, but he did not show up.
7．Cheer up! I'm sure you'll feel better tomorrow.
8．I come to make_an_apology for keeping you waiting.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A lack of confidence can lead to a lot of suffering.
2．Without more training or advanced (advance) technical skills, they'll lose their jobs.
3．It is certain that something had gone wrong with the machine.
4．The chair looks hard but it is comfortable to sit on.
5．Hurry up, or_we cannot get to the railway station on time.
6．I got up early, but I needn't have_done (do) so, because I had no work to do that morning.
7．They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.
8．He was absent from the conference yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.
9．I should make an apology to you for my rudeness last night.
10．He came here on purpose to discuss it with you.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．She gave us sandwiches for a picnic and a bag of cookies in_addition (另外)．
2．As_a_consequence (结果), children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.
3．My mind/memory was a complete blank, I_couldn't_think_of_a_single_answer (我不能想起一个答案)．
4．At present, people are_aware_of_the_dangerous_situation (意识到危险的处境) we are facing.
5．Girls like showing_off_their_beautiful_dresses (炫耀她们漂亮的裙子) to everybody.
6．He cheered_up_at_once (立即高兴起来了) when his father promised to buy him a smartphone.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Part drama, part dark comedy, new film To the Bone talks about a young woman's struggle with anorexia (厌食症). Though the film already got generally positive reviews at this year's Sundance Film Festival, it has caused a hot Twitter debate around whether the film romanticizes anorexia and whether it could be harmful for those with eating disorders.
Critics of the film have focused on the leading role Ellen: a young, thin, white woman with anorexia. They think there're some plots that have made eating disorders look like trends instead of life?threatening illnesses. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, anorexia has the highest mortality rate (死亡率) of any mental illness. Thirty million Americans struggle with eating disorders at some point in their lives.
Director Marti Noxon based the film on her own battle with anorexia. She was aware of the film's potential to trigger harmful effects and then tried to be really careful in the way she showed how Ellen looked.“You want to help other people understand something that they've never experienced, but you also want people who have experienced it to feel understood and seen and to give people hope，” she added. “We were balancing a lot. I wanted to avoid the idea that the perfectionist quality of anorexics is their most obvious character.”
The film caught the attention of Liana Rosenman, who founded Project Heal, an organization that helps eating disorder sufferers afford treatment. “I thought it was very powerful，” Rosenman said. “There is a sense of humor and wittiness in it as well as just understanding what it's like to have an eating disorder.” Project Heal recently played To the Bone in New York and Los Angeles, but it has faced sharp criticism from members of their community on social media.
语篇解读：2017年上映的一部描述厌食症的电影《骨瘦如柴》引发争议，有些人认为它能帮助人们了解厌食症，有些人害怕它会产生诱发作用。
1．What do we know about the film To the Bone from Paragraph 1?
A．It tells the growth story about a girl.
B．It has received mixed comments.
C．It is popular among young people.
D．Twitter users have no interest in it.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Though the film already got generally positive reviews ... whether it could be harmful for those with eating disorders.”可知，人们对这部电影褒贬不一。
2．What does the underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Fight. B．Avoid.
C．Cause. D．Remove.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第三段“She was aware of the film's potential to ... tried to be really careful in the way she showed how Ellen looked.”可知，她意识到了这部电影有可能带来不良影响，所以很谨慎，可推测trigger意为“诱发，引起”。
3．What do Noxon's words suggest?
A．She admitted the film is harmful to people.
B．She tried hard to make the film benefit people.
C．All those suffering from anorexia want to be perfect.
D．People who haven't experienced anorexia can't understand it.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段“You want to help other people understand ... experienced it to feel understood and seen and to give people hope ... balancing a lot.”可推断，马蒂·诺克森努力平衡了很多因素来让这部电影对未曾经历过厌食症和经历过厌食症的人都有利。
4．What's Rosenman's attitude towards the film?
A．Supportive. B．Negative.
C．Uncertain. D．Unconcerned.
解析：选A 观点态度题。根据最后一段“I thought it was very powerful ... There is a sense of humor and wittiness in it ...”可推断，Rosenman对这部电影持支持态度。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Today my daughter and I met some friends at a parking lot to sell them some of our eggs. It was an __1__ (extreme) cold day. We didn't even want to go outside.
As we pulled into __2__ parking lot, we noticed there was a man __3__ (sit) by the roadside, with a paper on which he had written “I will work for food.” He was still there as we __4__ (get) into the car to leave. “I think we should get him some food or money，” I said to my daughter. She agreed __5__ me. Then we got out of the car and gave him all my egg money. I still had another dozen eggs in the car, so I asked __6__ he wanted them. The man refused, saying he still got half a dozen and that he didn't want things to be wasted. I __7__ (impress) by his words and stood there talking with him for a few __8__ (minute)．
I'm glad we stopped and talked with the man. So many people need help and I could at least help one of __9__ (they). I hope he has a warm place __10__ (sleep) tonight.
答案：1.extremely 2.the 3.sitting 4.got 5.with
6．if/whether 7.was impressed 8.minutes 9.them 10.to sleep
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Section Ⅴ Writing — 如何写电子邮件
一、基本结构
e?mail与一般的书信相似但不完全相同。它主要由以下几部分组成：
1．标题栏：标题栏由三个部分组成：“收件人”、“抄送”、“主题”。 在“收件人”(To)框中输入收信人的e?mail地址。如果同时将信发送给多人，可以在“抄送”栏内写上更多的e?mail地址。“主题”(Subject)框的内容应简明地概括信的内容，短的可以是一个单词，如greetings；长的可以是一个名词性短语，也可以是完整的句子。
2．称呼语：首行顶格写。通常用Dear ...来表示，其后一般用逗号。
3．正文：这是文章的主要部分，在称呼语下写。这部分的写作要求内容清晰、有条理、语言简洁。根据来信写回信，要求仔细阅读来信内容，如实回答来信中所提问题及相关信息，决不可答非所问。
4．结束语：常表达写信人对收信人的祝愿等。
5．结尾敬辞：有Yours sincerely, Sincerely, Yours ever等。可以根据自己的喜好或与对方关系的亲疏选择不同的结尾敬辞。这部分也可以使用一个词，如Thanks, Best, Cheers等。
6．签名：结束语下一行右下角写。
二、增分佳句
1．常用的开头语：
(1)I'm so glad/pleased/happy to hear from you ...
(2)How nice it was to receive your e?mail ...
(3)It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind letter of ...
(4)Many thanks for your last letter.
2．常用的结束语：
(1)Best wishes/regards to you!
(2)Waiting for your good news.
(3)Looking forward to your early reply.
(4)Hoping to hear from you soon.
(5)With best wishes to you!
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，12月15日收到你朋友张明的电子邮件，说他准备在寒假期间乘火车来北京度假，希望你去车站接他。现在请你根据以下要点给李明写一封电子邮件：
1．欢迎来北京度假；
2．假期票难买，请提前买票；
3．介绍北京游览点，如颐和园 (the Summer Palace)、紫禁城 (the Forbidden City)、明十三陵 (the Ming Tombs)、长城等，还可以参观北京大学；
4．请电话告知车次及起程日期(date of departure)，准备去车站迎接。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文要求写一封电子邮件，属于应用文；
2．确定中心人称：本文的主要人称为第一、二人称；
3．确定主体时态：主要使用一般现在时和一般将来时。
二、构思
第一部分：欢迎来北京度假；假期票难买，请提前买票。
第二部分：介绍北京游览点，如颐和园、紫禁城、明十三陵、长城等，还可以参观北京大学。
第三部分：请电话告知车次及起程日期，准备去车站迎接。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．in_advance 提前
2．sightseeing 观光，游览
3．show_sb.around 领某人参观
4．for_example 例如
5．in_addition/besides 除此之外，另外
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．节日期间买票很难。(it作形式主语)
It_is_very_difficult_to_buy_tickets_during_the_holiday.
2．我建议你应该提前买票。(suggest)
I_suggest_you_(should)_buy_your_ticket_in_advance.
3．此外，您还可以参观北京大学。它是我国最著名的大学之一。(简单句)
In_addition,_you_can_visit_the_Peking_University._It_is_one_of_the_most_famous_universities_in_our_country.
4．如果你喜欢参观这些地方，我将带你四处参观。(if条件状语从句)
I_will_show_you_around_if_you_like_to_visit_these_places.
5．请电话告诉我出发日期和火车号码。(over the phone)
Please_tell_me_over_the_phone_the_date_of_departure_and_the_train_number.
6．你不必坐出租车，我将在车站接你。(and并列句)
You_needn't_take_a_taxi_and_I_will_meet_you_at_the_station.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．把句1变为as引导的状语从句并连接句1和句2
As_it_is_very_difficult_to_buy_tickets_during_the_holiday,_I_suggest_you_should_buy_your_ticket_in_advance.
2．把句3改为which引导的定语从句
In_addition,_you_can_visit_the_Peking_University,_which_is_one_of_the_most_famous_universities_in_our_country.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Dear_Zhang_Ming,_
I'm_very_glad_to_receive_your_e?mail_on_December_15._Welcome_to_Beijing_to_stay_with_me_during_the_winter_holiday.As_it_is_very_difficult_to_buy_tickets_during_the_holiday,_I_suggest_you_should_buy_your_ticket_in_advance.
In_Beijing_there_are_many_places_for_sightseeing,_for_example,_the_Summer_Palace,_the_Forbidden_City,_the_Ming_Tombs_and_the_Great_Wall.In_addition,_you_can_visit_the_Peking_University,_which_is_one_of_the_most_famous_universities_in_our_country.I_will_show_you_around_if_you_like_to_visit_these_places.
Please_tell_me_over_the_phone_the_date_of_departure_and_the_train_number._You_needn't_take_a_taxi_and_I_will_meet_you_at_the_station.
Yours，
Li_Hua
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Module 1单元加餐练（一）~（二）完形阅读组合练
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Silence is unnatural to a man. He begins life with a cry and __1__ it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a __2__ in the world, and he __3__ silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful __4__. If he is introduced to another person, and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he will regard himself as a __5__， a worthless person, and will be full of envy of the most empty?headed chatterbox (话多的人). He knows that ninety?nine percent of human __6__ means no more than the buzz of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to __7__ that he is a man and not a waxwork (蜡像)．
The aim of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to __8__ the buzzing sound. There are, it must be __9__， different qualities of buzzes; there is even a buzz that is as annoying as the continuous noise made by a mosquito (蚊子)．__10__ at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a quiet person. Most buzzes，__11__，are pleasant to the ear, and some of them are pleasant even to the mind. He would be a(n) __12__ man if he waited until he had a wise __13__ to take part in the buzz with his neighbors.
Those who __14__ to pick up the weather as a conversational opening seem to me not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation __15__ learning anything new. Some of them are __16__ if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's __17__， though they have __18__ to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they had food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of an evening during __19__ they have said nothing meaningful for a long time, they just prove themselves to be __20__ conversationalists.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了人们在日常生活中聊天的目的。在聊天的过程中，人们并不是交流所有的观点，而且绝大多数的聊天是没有意义的。
1．A.discusses B．ends
C．leads D．faces
解析：选B 根据空格前的“begins life with a cry and”和空格后的stillness可推知，人生开始于啼哭，结束于沉寂。
2．A.word B．scream
C．living D．noise
解析：选D 根据下文中的“If he is introduced to ... envy of the most empty?headed chatterbox(话多的人)．”可知，他尽力制造声音。
3．A.fears B．appreciates
C．desires D．dreams
解析：选A 根据“In between he does all he can to make a __2__ in the world”以及下文中的“fearful”的提示可知，他害怕沉默，所以A项正确。
4．A.beginning B．result
C．silence D．loss
解析：选C 根据上下文可知，甚至他(与他人)的交谈也在试图阻止可怕的沉默。
5．A.celebrity B．stranger
C．clerk D．failure
解析：选D 由空格后的“a worthless person”可知，如果在自己被介绍给他人时遇到了许多谈话的中断，那么他就认为自己是一个失败者，是一个无用的人。
6．A.activity B．conversation
C．behavior D．socialization
解析：选B 他知道人们绝大部分的谈话都空洞无物，像苍蝇的嗡嗡声，但他还是急于加入他们并且急于证明他是一个人而不是一个蜡像。根据上文讲人们制造声音来打破沉默以及下文多处提到的conversation可知此处指谈话。
7．A.share B．prove
C．ignore D．announce
解析：选B 参见上题解析。B项符合语境。
8．A.show up B．make up
C．keep up D．hold up
解析：选C 人们谈话大部分不是为了交流想法，而是为了把谈论继续下去。show up“露面”；make up“虚构”；keep up“保持，持续，继续下去”；hold up“支撑”。
9．A.recognised B．realized
C．expected D．admitted
解析：选D 人们必须承认，嘈杂声有不同的特点。recognise“认识，认出”；realize“意识到”；expect“预计，期待”；admit“承认”。 D项符合语境。
10．A.But B．So
C．Unless D．And
解析：选A 嘈杂声虽然令人厌烦，但在宴会上，一个人宁可做一个像蚊子那般不断发出嘈杂声的人也不愿意沉默。前后两句之间为转折关系，故用But。
11．A.fortunately B．confidently
C．curiously D．surprisingly
解析：选A 根据“are pleasant to the ear”可知，幸运的是，这些嗡嗡的嘈杂声中大多还是令人愉快的，所以A项符合语境。
12．A.outspoken B．impolite
C．foolish D．mature
解析：选C 如果一个人直到有了一个合理恰当的想法时才加入谈话，那他就会显得愚蠢。
13．A.application B．thought
C．obligation D．experience
解析：选B 参见上题解析。B项符合语境。
14．A.long B．continue
C．mean D．hate
解析：选D 根据下文“not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk”可知，此处指那些不喜欢以天气作为谈话开端的人。
15．A.in the hope of B．in need of
C．in the face of D．in favour of
解析：选A 大家都知道很多聊天没有实际内容，所以很少有人抱着学新东西的目的去聊天。in the hope of“怀着……的希望”，符合语境。
16．A.nervous B．disappointed
C．satisfied D．cautious
解析：选C 一些人只要获准给其他人的耳朵制造声音就满足了。nervous“神经紧张的”；disappointed“失望的，沮丧的”；satisfied“满意的，满足的”；cautious“谨慎的，小心的”。
17．A.minds B．bodies
C．actions D．ears
解析：选D 参见上题解析。D项符合语境。
18．A.nothing B．something
C．everything D．anything
解析：选A 他们在谈话中除了谈一些生活琐事以外，没有什么可以告诉他人的。故选A。
19．A.when B．which
C．where D．what
解析：选B 分析句子结构可知，“during __19__”引导定语从句，空格处作during的宾语，故选which。
20．A.modest B．serious
C．successful D．secretive
解析：选C 在晚上结束的时候，他们长时间的谈话空洞无物，只证明了自己是成功的健谈者。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Heading off to college this year? Here are some fashion tips from our experts you should keep in mind：
Dress to impress: Stylist and business consultant Daniela Smith says, “Girls should keep in mind that your college professors will often be the bridge that connects you to your future career and your classmates will become your professional network. You don't need to dress like you're going to the office, but you should display an ability to properly present yourself with appropriate maturity and confidence, and look put?together.”
Logo mania (品牌狂热症)：Wearing the logos of brands aimed at younger customers physically identifies you as part of that age group, so consider the targeted age group of the stores you shop at. It's tempting to load up on logos, especially well?known logos that signify high?end brands. But consider this: college is a time of self?discovery, a chance to develop your own personal style. Instead of wearing logos head to toe, “walking advertisement” style, why not express who you really are?
Wear real pants: The combination of leggings and baggy shirts is all too common on college campuses. Smith points out that leggings, yoga pants, and sweatpants are entirely unacceptable in public unless you're exercising. Although leggings worn as pants are a common trend among high school and college girls, they are not an appropriate choice for daywear. As a young woman, your style choice should begin to reflect your maturity level. So, get rid of leggings and wear real pants!
Keep the cute factor to a minimum: Stay away from sweaters and T?shirts with smiling animals, cartoon characters, or Hello Kitty on them. Sure, kittens might be cute, but they're not doing you any favors in the style department. Dressing too cutesy can take years off your look, and not necessarily in a good way!
1．The second paragraph indicates the importance of ______.
A．impressing professors
B．getting on well with classmates
C．creating a professional image
D．dressing appropriately
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，D项正确，本段主要强调穿着要得体。
2．The author recommends wearing real pants because ________.
A．leggings and baggy shirts are too common
B．yoga pants and sweatpants are not so comfortable
C．real pants can present you with appropriate maturity
D．people like real pants better than the other pants
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“As a young woman, your style choice should begin to reflect your maturity level. So, get rid of leggings and wear real pants！”可知答案选C项。
3．What's the writer's attitude towards sweaters with animals on them?
A．They make people look lovely.
B．They are very fashionable these days.
C．They will show you're an animal lover.
D．They are not suitable for college?aged students.
解析：选D 细节理解题。最后一段的最后一句的意思是：穿着有像小猫、小狗这样可爱动物图案的衣服，显得与你的年龄不相符，由此可知D项正确。
4．In which magazine would you most likely find this passage?
A．Business Week. B．Parents.
C．Style. D．Travel & Leisure.
解析：选C 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是大学生如何着装才最合适，这属于时尚(style)方面的话题，因此C项符合文意。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Open up. By the end of the conversation, you could reveal something more about __1__ (you). Have the person walking away __2__ (know) something about you, which could make you connect on a __3__ (deep) level and make the person think you are serious. You probably shouldn't reveal your thoughts on the __4__ (mean) of life，lost love, or death in a round of small talk.
If it's going well, mention __5__ (hang) out again. If the person wants to hang out again, get the person's number. Or you can just mention a place __6__ you both like to go. Here are some things you can say: “I'm really serious about seeing that new movie with you. Can I get your number so we can work out the details later？”
Say goodbye __7__ (nice). After you've made small talk but have to go, __8__ it's to get back to class or to talk to someone else at the party, you should make the person feel important. Here are some ways to end the conversation politely. “It's been great fun __9__ (talk) to you. I'd love to talk more about Spain，__10__ I haven't said hi to Nina yet, and it looks like she's about to leave.”
答案：1.yourself 2.know 3.deeper 4.meaning
5．hanging 6.where 7.nicely 8.whether 9.talking
10．but
Ⅱ.短文改错
My summer travel started terribly. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.
答案：第二句：buy→buying
第三句：here→there; long前加a
第四句：but→and
第五句：on→in; was→were
第六句：luggages→luggage
第七句：friend→friend's; 去掉to
第八句：feel→felt
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，进入高二后，你发现校园学习生活有了很大的变化。请就此给你的笔友Steven写一封信。内容包括：
1．学习生活的变化；
2．你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Steven，
How time flies! Having been in senior two for weeks, I have much to share with you.
Over the past few weeks, I find the teachers as well as my classmates have changed a lot. The teachers are stricter than before and it seems that they want to teach us all that they have learned. There's no doubt that we are working harder, creating a positive learning atmosphere where we help each other. Busy as we are, we still take full advantage of our spare time to do some extracurricular activities, like doing sports and sightseeing.
All in all, we are busy, but happy.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
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Module 1 Small Talk
单元小结
Small talk seems “small”， because it is generally thought to be informal and not serious. However, if you say the wrong thing on a certain occasion, you'll make both sides awkward, for which you'll have to make an apology. As a consequence, it is necessary to be aware of some basic social rules and do a little advance planning.
For example, if a friend who is not well off pays a visit to you, you can be hospitable to him, but never show off your riches during the conversation. Anyhow, you should be cautious about other people's feelings, even if he is an acquaintance.
In addition, you should learn to be a good listener. While doing small talk, you shouldn't yawn, sigh, or look away from the person who is talking to you, trying to use positive body language.
闲谈似乎是小事，因为人们一般认为闲谈不正式、不严肃。但是，如果在某个场合你说了错话，你会使双方很尴尬，你将不得不为此道歉。因此，有必要知道一些基本的社交规则，提前做点计划。
例如，如果一个不是很富有的朋友拜访你，你可以对他很热情，但在对话中千万不要炫耀你的财富。不管怎样，你应该注意别人的感受，即使他是个熟人。
另外，你应该学会成为一名好的倾听者。在聊天时，你不应该打呵欠、叹气或者是不看和你说话的人，尽量使用积极的身体语言。
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Silence is unnatural to a man. He begins life with a cry and __1__ it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a __2__ in the world, and he __3__ silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful __4__. If he is introduced to another person, and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he will regard himself as a __5__， a worthless person, and will be full of envy of the most empty?headed chatterbox (话多的人). He knows that ninety?nine percent of human __6__ means no more than the buzz of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to __7__ that he is a man and not a waxwork (蜡像)．
The aim of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to __8__ the buzzing sound. There are, it must be __9__， different qualities of buzzes; there is even a buzz that is as annoying as the continuous noise made by a mosquito (蚊子)．__10__ at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a quiet person. Most buzzes，__11__，are pleasant to the ear, and some of them are pleasant even to the mind. He would be a(n) __12__ man if he waited until he had a wise __13__ to take part in the buzz with his neighbors.
Those who __14__ to pick up the weather as a conversational opening seem to me not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation __15__ learning anything new. Some of them are __16__ if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's __17__， though they have __18__ to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they had food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of an evening during __19__ they have said nothing meaningful for a long time, they just prove themselves to be __20__ conversationalists.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了人们在日常生活中聊天的目的。在聊天的过程中，人们并不是交流所有的观点，而且绝大多数的聊天是没有意义的。
1．A.discusses B．ends
C．leads D．faces
解析：选B 根据空格前的“begins life with a cry and”和空格后的stillness可推知，人生开始于啼哭，结束于沉寂。
2．A.word B．scream
C．living D．noise
解析：选D 根据下文中的“If he is introduced to ... envy of the most empty?headed chatterbox(话多的人)．”可知，他尽力制造声音。
3．A.fears B．appreciates
C．desires D．dreams
解析：选A 根据“In between he does all he can to make a __2__ in the world”以及下文中的“fearful”的提示可知，他害怕沉默，所以A项正确。
4．A.beginning B．result
C．silence D．loss
解析：选C 根据上下文可知，甚至他(与他人)的交谈也在试图阻止可怕的沉默。
5．A.celebrity B．stranger
C．clerk D．failure
解析：选D 由空格后的“a worthless person”可知，如果在自己被介绍给他人时遇到了许多谈话的中断，那么他就认为自己是一个失败者，是一个无用的人。
6．A.activity B．conversation
C．behavior D．socialization
解析：选B 他知道人们绝大部分的谈话都空洞无物，像苍蝇的嗡嗡声，但他还是急于加入他们并且急于证明他是一个人而不是一个蜡像。根据上文讲人们制造声音来打破沉默以及下文多处提到的conversation可知此处指谈话。
7．A.share B．prove
C．ignore D．announce
解析：选B 参见上题解析。B项符合语境。
8．A.show up B．make up
C．keep up D．hold up
解析：选C 人们谈话大部分不是为了交流想法，而是为了把谈论继续下去。show up“露面”；make up“虚构”；keep up“保持，持续，继续下去”；hold up“支撑”。
9．A.recognised B．realized
C．expected D．admitted
解析：选D 人们必须承认，嘈杂声有不同的特点。recognise“认识，认出”；realize“意识到”；expect“预计，期待”；admit“承认”。 D项符合语境。
10．A.But B．So
C．Unless D．And
解析：选A 嘈杂声虽然令人厌烦，但在宴会上，一个人宁可做一个像蚊子那般不断发出嘈杂声的人也不愿意沉默。前后两句之间为转折关系，故用But。
11．A.fortunately B．confidently
C．curiously D．surprisingly
解析：选A 根据“are pleasant to the ear”可知，幸运的是，这些嗡嗡的嘈杂声中大多还是令人愉快的，所以A项符合语境。
12．A.outspoken B．impolite
C．foolish D．mature
解析：选C 如果一个人直到有了一个合理恰当的想法时才加入谈话，那他就会显得愚蠢。
13．A.application B．thought
C．obligation D．experience
解析：选B 参见上题解析。B项符合语境。
14．A.long B．continue
C．mean D．hate
解析：选D 根据下文“not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk”可知，此处指那些不喜欢以天气作为谈话开端的人。
15．A.in the hope of B．in need of
C．in the face of D．in favour of
解析：选A 大家都知道很多聊天没有实际内容，所以很少有人抱着学新东西的目的去聊天。in the hope of“怀着……的希望”，符合语境。
16．A.nervous B．disappointed
C．satisfied D．cautious
解析：选C 一些人只要获准给其他人的耳朵制造声音就满足了。nervous“神经紧张的”；disappointed“失望的，沮丧的”；satisfied“满意的，满足的”；cautious“谨慎的，小心的”。
17．A.minds B．bodies
C．actions D．ears
解析：选D 参见上题解析。D项符合语境。
18．A.nothing B．something
C．everything D．anything
解析：选A 他们在谈话中除了谈一些生活琐事以外，没有什么可以告诉他人的。故选A。
19．A.when B．which
C．where D．what
解析：选B 分析句子结构可知，“during __19__”引导定语从句，空格处作during的宾语，故选which。
20．A.modest B．serious
C．successful D．secretive
解析：选C 在晚上结束的时候，他们长时间的谈话空洞无物，只证明了自己是成功的健谈者。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Heading off to college this year? Here are some fashion tips from our experts you should keep in mind：
Dress to impress: Stylist and business consultant Daniela Smith says, “Girls should keep in mind that your college professors will often be the bridge that connects you to your future career and your classmates will become your professional network. You don't need to dress like you're going to the office, but you should display an ability to properly present yourself with appropriate maturity and confidence, and look put?together.”
Logo mania (品牌狂热症)：Wearing the logos of brands aimed at younger customers physically identifies you as part of that age group, so consider the targeted age group of the stores you shop at. It's tempting to load up on logos, especially well?known logos that signify high?end brands. But consider this: college is a time of self?discovery, a chance to develop your own personal style. Instead of wearing logos head to toe, “walking advertisement” style, why not express who you really are?
Wear real pants: The combination of leggings and baggy shirts is all too common on college campuses. Smith points out that leggings, yoga pants, and sweatpants are entirely unacceptable in public unless you're exercising. Although leggings worn as pants are a common trend among high school and college girls, they are not an appropriate choice for daywear. As a young woman, your style choice should begin to reflect your maturity level. So, get rid of leggings and wear real pants!
Keep the cute factor to a minimum: Stay away from sweaters and T?shirts with smiling animals, cartoon characters, or Hello Kitty on them. Sure, kittens might be cute, but they're not doing you any favors in the style department. Dressing too cutesy can take years off your look, and not necessarily in a good way!
1．The second paragraph indicates the importance of ______.
A．impressing professors
B．getting on well with classmates
C．creating a professional image
D．dressing appropriately
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，D项正确，本段主要强调穿着要得体。
2．The author recommends wearing real pants because ________.
A．leggings and baggy shirts are too common
B．yoga pants and sweatpants are not so comfortable
C．real pants can present you with appropriate maturity
D．people like real pants better than the other pants
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“As a young woman, your style choice should begin to reflect your maturity level. So, get rid of leggings and wear real pants！”可知答案选C项。
3．What's the writer's attitude towards sweaters with animals on them?
A．They make people look lovely.
B．They are very fashionable these days.
C．They will show you're an animal lover.
D．They are not suitable for college?aged students.
解析：选D 细节理解题。最后一段的最后一句的意思是：穿着有像小猫、小狗这样可爱动物图案的衣服，显得与你的年龄不相符，由此可知D项正确。
4．In which magazine would you most likely find this passage?
A．Business Week. B．Parents.
C．Style. D．Travel & Leisure.
解析：选C 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是大学生如何着装才最合适，这属于时尚(style)方面的话题，因此C项符合文意。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Open up. By the end of the conversation, you could reveal something more about __1__ (you). Have the person walking away __2__ (know) something about you, which could make you connect on a __3__ (deep) level and make the person think you are serious. You probably shouldn't reveal your thoughts on the __4__ (mean) of life，lost love, or death in a round of small talk.
If it's going well, mention __5__ (hang) out again. If the person wants to hang out again, get the person's number. Or you can just mention a place __6__ you both like to go. Here are some things you can say: “I'm really serious about seeing that new movie with you. Can I get your number so we can work out the details later？”
Say goodbye __7__ (nice). After you've made small talk but have to go, __8__ it's to get back to class or to talk to someone else at the party, you should make the person feel important. Here are some ways to end the conversation politely. “It's been great fun __9__ (talk) to you. I'd love to talk more about Spain，__10__ I haven't said hi to Nina yet, and it looks like she's about to leave.”
答案：1.yourself 2.know 3.deeper 4.meaning
5．hanging 6.where 7.nicely 8.whether 9.talking
10．but
Ⅱ.短文改错
My summer travel started terribly. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.
答案：第二句：buy→buying
第三句：here→there; long前加a
第四句：but→and
第五句：on→in; was→were
第六句：luggages→luggage
第七句：friend→friend's; 去掉to
第八句：feel→felt
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，进入高二后，你发现校园学习生活有了很大的变化。请就此给你的笔友Steven写一封信。内容包括：
1．学习生活的变化；
2．你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Steven，
How time flies! Having been in senior two for weeks, I have much to share with you.
Over the past few weeks, I find the teachers as well as my classmates have changed a lot. The teachers are stricter than before and it seems that they want to teach us all that they have learned. There's no doubt that we are working harder, creating a positive learning atmosphere where we help each other. Busy as we are, we still take full advantage of our spare time to do some extracurricular activities, like doing sports and sightseeing.
All in all, we are busy, but happy.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
PAGE
5
课时跟踪练(二) Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We have an informal (非正式的) agreement to ride to school together.
2．I'd like to take this opportunity (机会) to thank everyone for their hard work on the project.
3．The enemy forces were advancing (前进) against our defense works.
4．She is certain (确信) that the young man has gone mad.
5．He blinked, yawned (打哈欠) and looked around.
6．A large number of plants died for lack (缺少) of water.
7．His encouraging remarks inspired confidence(自信) in me.
8．We are currently focusing seriously (认真地) on this matter.
9．She greeted her neighbor with a nodding (点头)．
10．She sighed (叹气) as she lay back on the bed.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Don't look away of me when I'm speaking to you.
of→from
2．The department provides mathematics classes. On addition, it makes physics classes available.On→In
3．Now Jack is nervous about drive again after the accident.drive→driving
4．Alex's real problem is that he lacks for the courage to do it.去掉for
5．I want to avoid speak to him until I've got more details.speak→speaking
Ⅲ.选词填空
look away from， think of， find out， in addition， for certain， make friends， be certain of， in advance of
1．I never see the picture but I think_of my college years.
2．I am determined to find_out the rights and wrongs of this matter.
3．Hiking is good sports. In_addition,_it is great fun.
4．She looked_away_from her computer and smiled at me.
5．We never knew for_certain how it happened.
6．We are_certain_of your success, so be confident of yourself.
7．It is better to get to the airport in advance of at least a hour.
8．Helen is a very shy girl and does not make_friends easily.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
You might cross the road to avoid 1.talking (talk) to someone you recognise, or you would love to go to a party and talk 2.confidently (confident) to every guest. You needn't worry about situations like these if you have good social skills. People with good social skills communicate well and know how 3.to_have (have) a conversation.It helps if you do a little advance 4.planning (plan)．
Small talk is very important and 5.prepares (prepare) you for more serious conversations. Have some low?risk conversation openers ready. And 6.listening (listen) is a skill 7.which most people lack, but communication is a two?way process — it involves 8.speaking (speak) and listening. Always remember — you won't impress people 9.if you talk too much.
If you go to 10.a social occasion in another country, remember that social rules can be different.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
李明的学校要组织一次演讲，他的班主任鼓励他参加。然而，李明缺乏信心(lack confidence)。老师给了他下列建议：首先，他应该提前(in advance)准备好演讲稿。其次，演讲时，目光不能从观众身上移开(look away from), 另外(in addition), 他应该大声讲话以便使自己被清晰地听见。最后但同样重要的是，他应该相信自己。李明答应老师他会仔细考虑(think of)这件事，并第二天会给他答复。
Li_Ming's_school_is_going_to_organize_a_speech_and_his_headteacher_encourages_him_to_take_part_in_it._However,_Li_Ming_lacks_confidence._The_teacher_gives_him_the_following_suggestions:_First,_he_should_prepare_the_speech_in_advance._Second,_when_he_makes_a_speech,_he_shouldn't_look_away_from_the_audience._In_addition,_he_should_speak_loudly_to_make_himself_heard_clearly._Last_but_not_least,_he_should_believe_in_himself._Li_Ming_promises_his_teacher_that_he_will_think_of_it_carefully_and_give_him_the_answer_the_next_day.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
I was adopted when I was 3 months old. My father didn't want me at first. He told my mother he was not __1__ accepting somebody else's kid. He felt greatly __2__ because he was unable to give my mother the children they both so deeply __3__.
My dad liked chatting with everyone. He would start __4__ at the grocery store or at the cinema. Once, while we were visiting a small airport, my dad __5__ a local pilot (飞行员) into giving me a __6__ in his airplane. I was surprised that he __7__ a stranger enough to let me go, __8__ he did. He never said “no” when I tested my own wings.
Then there was the time when our neighbor's house was on fire. My adopted brother saw the __9__ and woke my dad up. Dad told my mom to __10__ the fire department, and then he went next door to __11__. He opened the front door and called out. Our neighbor __12__， but Dad couldn't see her because of the __13__. So he crouched (蹲) down to the floor and kept __14__ her to come toward his voice. __15__ he felt her hand and pulled her out of the burning home. He stayed there __16__ the firemen arrived.
My dad fixed things. He fixed the car when it __17__. He repaired the hot water heater when it stopped working. I remember there is __18__ he couldn't fix except the stroke (中风) that took him in his 64th year. As I said goodbye to him in the ICU, I whispered to him that I loved him. I told him that I didn't need to find my __19__ parents because they were my parents. I __20__ him for being my dad.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者年幼时被收养，养父平凡却伟大，对作者有非常重要的影响。
1．A.comfortable B．proud
C．busy D．worth
解析：选A 根据上文的“My father didn't want me at first.”可知，养父起初不想收养作者，因为接受别人的孩子让他感到很不自在(comfortable)。
2．A.glad B．angry
C．guilty D．surprised
解析：选C 根据下文的“because he was unable to give my mother the children”可知，养父因为无法给母亲带来孩子而感到非常愧疚(guilty)。
3．A.depended B．wanted
C．asked D．connected
解析：选B 根据语境可知，养父母非常想拥有自己的孩子，故选“wanted”。
4．A.memories B．tastes
C．discussions D．conversations
解析：选D 根据上文的“My dad liked chatting with everyone.”可知，父亲喜欢聊天，他不管在哪里都能跟人攀谈起来，故选“conversations”。
5．A.persuaded B．argued
C．forced D．cheated
解析：选A 根据上文父亲爱攀谈和下文的“when I tested my own wings”可知，此处指父亲说服飞行员让作者坐飞机，persuade sb. into doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“说服某人做某事”，故选“persuaded”。
6．A.prize B．ride
C．rest D．chance
解析：选B 父亲说服一位当地的飞行员让作者搭一次他的飞机，故选“ride”。
7．A.trusted B．taught
C．liked D．understood
解析：选A 作者感到非常惊讶：父亲居然完全相信(trusted)一个陌生人而让作者去坐对方的飞机。
8．A.if B．but
C．or D．because
解析：选B 根据下文的“He never said ‘no’ when I tested my own wings.”可知，作者惊讶于父亲的举动，但是(but)他确实这样做了。此处表示转折关系，故选B。
9．A.causes B．evidence
C．lights D．flames
解析：选D 联系上文的“when our neighbor's house was on fire”可知，邻居家的房子着火了，弟弟看到火苗(flames)叫醒了父亲。
10．A.rescue B．visit
C．phone D．watch
解析：选C 根据语境可知，父亲知道发生了火灾便让母亲给消防局打电话，故选“phone”。
11．A.help B．leave
C．explain D．sleep
解析：选A 根据下文关于救助的描述可知，父亲让母亲去报警之后就跑去隔壁帮忙(help)。
12．A.appeared B．stopped
C．laughed D．answered
解析：选D 根据前后文的“called out”和“Dad couldn't see her”可知，父亲呼喊后，邻居应答(answered)了。
13．A.smell B．smoke
C．water D．sound
解析：选B 根据语境可知，父亲虽然听到邻居的应答声，但却看不到对方，因为屋里有浓烟(smoke)。
14．A.pushing B．sending
C．calling D．inviting
解析：选C 根据后文的“come toward his voice”可知，父亲蹲下来不断呼喊想让邻居顺着他的声音过去。
15．A.Obviously B．Fortunately
C．Suddenly D．Finally
解析：选D 根据语境可知，最后父亲终于抓到了邻居的手，把她拉出了火场，故选“Finally”。
16．A.before B．since
C．until D．unless
解析：选C 救出邻居之后，父亲仍然待在那里直到(until)消防队员到来。
17．A.broke out B．went on
C．broke down D．set off
解析：选C 根据前后文描述可知，父亲能修好一切东西，当汽车发生故障(broke down)时也是一样。
18．A.anything B．something
C．everything D．nothing
解析：选 D 根据语境可知，作者记得没有什么事(nothing)是父亲不能解决的，除了他64岁得了中风这件事。
19．A.right B．possible
C．close D．real
解析：选D 根据下文的“because they were my parents”可知，作者觉得自己不必去寻找亲生父母，因为养父母就是自己的父母，故选“real”。
20．A.shouted B．thanked
C．paid D．worried
解析：选B 根据前文的“I whispered to him that I loved him”和“because they were my parents”可知，作者感谢(thanked)养父成为自己的父亲。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Yesterday, I visited a nursing home and played the guitar for several old man. I played a piece calling “Flight of the Eagle” for the sick man. He said that he wanted to be as freely as the eagle after his recovery. Another man for who I played was a pianist when he was young, so we had “musical language” in common. I find him relaxed as I played, and then he fell asleep quiet.Later, they told to me how grateful they were for my coming. I was deeply rewarded by playing music for him, because my small action gave me a chance to take care the sick.
答案：第一句：man→men
第二句：calling→called; 第二个the→a
第三句：freely→free
第四句：who→whom
第五句：find→found; quiet→quietly
第六句：去掉to
第七句：him→them; care后加of
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课时跟踪练(三) Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She is very excited about winning the first prize (奖金)．
2．She replied (回答) that she was happy to accept our invitation.
3．He has made up his mind to overcome his shortcomings(缺点)．
4．They were interrupted (打断) by a knock at the door.
5．A woman such as she will surely be successful (成功的) in her career.
6．She went to Germany for the purpose (目的) of research.
7．The more learned a man is, the more modest (谦虚) he usually is.
8．It is a big opportunity (机会) to realize my dream and never knocks twice.
9．I'm very cautious (谨慎) about expressing my opinions in public.
10．It was impolite (不礼貌) of you to get in their conversation.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They have come here by purpose to see you.by→on
2．On the whole, I'm in the favour of the proposal.去掉第二个the
3．Jennie got up late and in a consequence she missed the bus.去掉a
4．She always takes a lead when we plan to do anything.a→the
5．Do me a favor to take a cake out of the box.第一个a→the
6．You should make apology to her for your carelessness.make后加an
7．They aware that this is not a good habit.aware前加are
8．We hope you can succeed your new post.succeed后加in
Ⅲ.选词填空
leave behind， be aware of， show off， next time， make an apology， cheer up， show up， be absent from
1．She was not aware of what was going on around.
2．Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls.
3．If you don't keep up with the times, you'll get left behind.
4．Do remember to look me up the next time you're in London.
5．He was absent from the party for one reason or another.
6．We waited for two hours, but he did not show up.
7．Cheer up! I'm sure you'll feel better tomorrow.
8．I come to make_an_apology for keeping you waiting.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A lack of confidence can lead to a lot of suffering.
2．Without more training or advanced (advance) technical skills, they'll lose their jobs.
3．It is certain that something had gone wrong with the machine.
4．The chair looks hard but it is comfortable to sit on.
5．Hurry up, or_we cannot get to the railway station on time.
6．I got up early, but I needn't have_done (do) so, because I had no work to do that morning.
7．They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.
8．He was absent from the conference yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.
9．I should make an apology to you for my rudeness last night.
10．He came here on purpose to discuss it with you.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．She gave us sandwiches for a picnic and a bag of cookies in_addition (另外)．
2．As_a_consequence (结果), children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.
3．My mind/memory was a complete blank, I_couldn't_think_of_a_single_answer (我不能想起一个答案)．
4．At present, people are_aware_of_the_dangerous_situation (意识到危险的处境) we are facing.
5．Girls like showing_off_their_beautiful_dresses (炫耀她们漂亮的裙子) to everybody.
6．He cheered_up_at_once (立即高兴起来了) when his father promised to buy him a smartphone.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Part drama, part dark comedy, new film To the Bone talks about a young woman's struggle with anorexia (厌食症). Though the film already got generally positive reviews at this year's Sundance Film Festival, it has caused a hot Twitter debate around whether the film romanticizes anorexia and whether it could be harmful for those with eating disorders.
Critics of the film have focused on the leading role Ellen: a young, thin, white woman with anorexia. They think there're some plots that have made eating disorders look like trends instead of life?threatening illnesses. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, anorexia has the highest mortality rate (死亡率) of any mental illness. Thirty million Americans struggle with eating disorders at some point in their lives.
Director Marti Noxon based the film on her own battle with anorexia. She was aware of the film's potential to trigger harmful effects and then tried to be really careful in the way she showed how Ellen looked.“You want to help other people understand something that they've never experienced, but you also want people who have experienced it to feel understood and seen and to give people hope，” she added. “We were balancing a lot. I wanted to avoid the idea that the perfectionist quality of anorexics is their most obvious character.”
The film caught the attention of Liana Rosenman, who founded Project Heal, an organization that helps eating disorder sufferers afford treatment. “I thought it was very powerful，” Rosenman said. “There is a sense of humor and wittiness in it as well as just understanding what it's like to have an eating disorder.” Project Heal recently played To the Bone in New York and Los Angeles, but it has faced sharp criticism from members of their community on social media.
语篇解读：2017年上映的一部描述厌食症的电影《骨瘦如柴》引发争议，有些人认为它能帮助人们了解厌食症，有些人害怕它会产生诱发作用。
1．What do we know about the film To the Bone from Paragraph 1?
A．It tells the growth story about a girl.
B．It has received mixed comments.
C．It is popular among young people.
D．Twitter users have no interest in it.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Though the film already got generally positive reviews ... whether it could be harmful for those with eating disorders.”可知，人们对这部电影褒贬不一。
2．What does the underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Fight. B．Avoid.
C．Cause. D．Remove.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第三段“She was aware of the film's potential to ... tried to be really careful in the way she showed how Ellen looked.”可知，她意识到了这部电影有可能带来不良影响，所以很谨慎，可推测trigger意为“诱发，引起”。
3．What do Noxon's words suggest?
A．She admitted the film is harmful to people.
B．She tried hard to make the film benefit people.
C．All those suffering from anorexia want to be perfect.
D．People who haven't experienced anorexia can't understand it.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段“You want to help other people understand ... experienced it to feel understood and seen and to give people hope ... balancing a lot.”可推断，马蒂·诺克森努力平衡了很多因素来让这部电影对未曾经历过厌食症和经历过厌食症的人都有利。
4．What's Rosenman's attitude towards the film?
A．Supportive. B．Negative.
C．Uncertain. D．Unconcerned.
解析：选A 观点态度题。根据最后一段“I thought it was very powerful ... There is a sense of humor and wittiness in it ...”可推断，Rosenman对这部电影持支持态度。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Today my daughter and I met some friends at a parking lot to sell them some of our eggs. It was an __1__ (extreme) cold day. We didn't even want to go outside.
As we pulled into __2__ parking lot, we noticed there was a man __3__ (sit) by the roadside, with a paper on which he had written “I will work for food.” He was still there as we __4__ (get) into the car to leave. “I think we should get him some food or money，” I said to my daughter. She agreed __5__ me. Then we got out of the car and gave him all my egg money. I still had another dozen eggs in the car, so I asked __6__ he wanted them. The man refused, saying he still got half a dozen and that he didn't want things to be wasted. I __7__ (impress) by his words and stood there talking with him for a few __8__ (minute)．
I'm glad we stopped and talked with the man. So many people need help and I could at least help one of __9__ (they). I hope he has a warm place __10__ (sleep) tonight.
答案：1.extremely 2.the 3.sitting 4.got 5.with
6．if/whether 7.was impressed 8.minutes 9.them 10.to sleep
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课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading — Pre- reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In most languages, a greeting is usually followed by “small talk”. Small talk means the little things we talk about at the start of a conversation. In English?speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather: “Nice day, isn't it？” “Terrible weather, isn't it？” But there is something special about small talk. It must be something which both people have the same opinion about. The purpose of small talk is to let both people agre
e on something. This makes meeting people easier and more comfortable. People usually agree about the weather, so it is a safe topic for small talk. But people often disagree about religion or politics so these are not suitable topics for small talk in English. The topics for small talk also depend on where the conversation is taking place. At football matches, people make small talk about the game they are watching: “Great game, isn't it？” At bus stops, people may comment about the transport system: “The bus service is terrible, isn't it？”
Greetings and small talk are an important part of conversation in any language. The way people greet each other and the things they talk about, however, may be different from one language to another. This shows that there is much more to learn when we learn a language than just the vocabulary and the grammar of the language. We also have to learn the social behavior of the people who speak it.
语篇解读：本文讲述了在西方文化中，经常用闲谈聊天来开始一段对话，而且对话的内容的选择也是有一定讲究的。
1．Which of the following is the common topic over small talk for native speakers of English?
A．Politics. B．Families.
C．Education. D．Weather.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“In English?speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather”可知选D。
2．Why do we make small talk according to the passage?
A．To let both people argue about something.
B．To let both people agree on something.
C．To enlarge our knowledge.
D．To kill our time.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on something.”可知选B。
3．The passage suggests that when we learn a language,
.
A．we should understand the importance of the language
B．it's necessary to learn about the culture of the country
C．we should learn about the transport system of the country
D．it's enough to grasp the grammar and vocabulary of the language
解析：选B 推理判断题。通读全文可知，要掌握一门语言，学习这个国家的文化是很必要的。
4．It can be learned from the passage that ________.
A．it's important to find a suitable small talk subject
B．small talk depends on the purpose of the conversation
C．in English?speaking countries we should talk about the weather
D．agreeing with each other is the key to a successful conversation
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章可知，在谈话时找到一个合适的话题是非常重要的，故选A。
B
Small talk is a very short conversation used by individual to kill time and make the other person feel comfortable in his presence. However, sometimes you should be careful of your topics.
There are certain “safe” topics that people usually discuss.
The weather is probably the number one thing that people who do not know each other well discuss. Sometimes even friends and family members discuss the weather when they meet or start a conversation.
Another topic that is generally safe is current events. As long as you are not discussing a controversial_issue,_such as a recent law concerning equal rights, it is usually safe to discuss that. Entertainment and sports news is another good topic. If there is something that you and the other person have in common, that may also be acceptable to talk about. For example, if the bus is extremely full and there are no seats available, you might talk about the reasons why. Similarly, people in an office might casually discuss the new paint or furniture.
There are also some subjects that are not considered acceptable when making small talk.
Discussing personal information such as salaries or a recent divorce is unacceptable between people who do not know each other well. Compliments on clothing or hair are acceptable; however, you should never say something (good or bad) about a person's body.
Negative comments about another person not involved in the conversation are also not acceptable. When you do not know a person well you cannot be sure who their friends are. You do not talk about private issues either, because you do not know if you can trust the other person with your secrets or personal information. Lastly, it is not wise to continue talking about an issue that the other person does not seem comfortable with or interested in.
5．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Why do people make small talk?
B．What topics do people choose when making small talk?
C．What is small talk?
D．In which situations do people make small talk?
解析：选B 主旨大意题。文章谈到人们进行闲聊时安全的和不被接受的话题。故选B。
6．Which of the following is NOT the best topic when you make small talk?
A．Beautiful day, isn't it?
B．Did you watch the news today?
C．Have you got a boyfriend?
D．What do you think of the new computers?
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知在不太熟悉的人们之间不要谈论有关私人问题的话题。故选C。
7．The underlined part “controversial issue” in the fourth paragraph most probably means “________”．
A．debatable question B．acceptable question
C．private question D．interesting question
解析：选A 词义猜测题。从该词后面所给的例子：比如关于人权的法律方面的问题，可知其意为“有争议的问题”。故选A。
8．How is the text organized?
A．①②③④/⑤⑥⑦ B．①②③④/⑤/⑥⑦
C．①/②/③④/⑤⑥⑦ D．①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦
解析：选D 篇章结构题。第一段定义small talk，第二至四段讲闲谈时的保险话题，第五至七段讲一些闲谈时不能提及的话题。故选D。
C
I did an experiment by talking to strangers recently. Here are some things I experienced during the experiment.
On October 9th, while visiting my family hometown for a wedding, I met a man sitting on the side of the hotel pool. We started talking. It turned out that he had just moved to the area with his family from Chicago. I told him what I knew about the community, the schools, and particular neighborhoods where he was looking to buy a house. He was grateful to me for my information. The interaction made me feel useful and valuable.
On May 20th, we had three men from a tree trimming (修剪) company visiting our house to cut back our trees. Normally, I would let them work outside without engaging them in conversation. This time, after they finished their work, I asked one of the tree trimmers, only half?joking, if they fell off trees frequently. One of the tree trimmers said that he had been climbing trees for 27 years and reported he had fallen out of a tree once and hurt his knee. I loved that conversation. I didn't always talk to someone whose job was to climb up trees, but it was interesting for learning about how they did it. I also realized I learned something new.
On May 30th, I went to an outdoor block party on Friday night, along with my wife and our 3?month?old baby. Our baby was wearing oversized noise?cancelling headphones that truly looked pretty ridiculous on a baby. When I tried to talk with others, they immediately started talking with me after seeing the baby. I found it was almost very easy to start talking with people when you had a baby with you.
All in all, I felt great about most of my interactions with strangers. Almost every interaction left me feeling a little happier. I also felt I learned new things by talking to people from different walks of life who I wouldn't normally meet.
9．The man was grateful to the author because ________.
A．he made his first friend there
B．he gained some useful information
C．the author helped him kill the time
D．the author helped him make a decision
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“I told him what I knew ... grateful to me for my information.”可知，那人感激作者是因为得到了一些有用的信息。
10．What did the author probably learn from the experience on May 30th?
A．Babies are great conversation starters.
B．It's inconvenient to go out with a baby.
C．People love looking at ridiculous babies.
D．It's not challenging to talk with strangers.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句可知，这次经历让作者意识到小孩是开展闲聊的利器。
11．At this experiment, the author most probably found it ________.
A．useless B．exciting
C．rewarding D．embarrassing
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的叙述可推断，作者觉得这次经历很值得。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Now more than ever, it's important to protect yourself while online. To be the safest you can possibly be, there are a few steps you can take.
__1__ This means you should never choose a password like “1234” or “password”， which is too obvious. Create passwords that are a good mixture of letters, numbers and special characters. Avoid using something that people may know about you, such as your birthdate or favorite sports team. You should also use a long password because it's usually more difficult to guess.
Be smart with e?mails. __2__ Opening a strange e?mail can result in harmful software being installed (安装) on your computer or mobile phone. Sometimes you may receive a strange?looking e?mail from an e?mail address of someone you know. __3__ It is possible that the person's account may have been hacked (侵入)．
Always use antivirus (杀毒的) software. It is important to use antivirus software on your computer. __4__ If anything is found, take the necessary steps to remove it from your computer system. If you use an Android smartphone, you should install a good antivirus app on it as well.
Be smart about social media. You should always leave certain details out of your social media accounts. __5__ You should also make use of the privacy settings on your accounts so that you can control who sees what. Be careful about accepting everyone who wants to connect as well.
When you follow these tips, you will enjoy better security and be less likely to be a target for hackers.
A．Don't trust it easily.
B．Use more than one e?mail address.
C．Use passwords that are difficult to guess.
D．Don't use too much software at the same time.
E．You should be careful of any unknown e?mail addresses.
F．Run the programs at least once per week to check for viruses.
G．Your birthdate and address don't necessarily need to be added.
答案：1～5 CEAFG
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