Module 2 The Renaissance
A hidden portrait underneath (在……下面) the “Mona Lisa” has been discovered by a French scientist, who said he uncovered the image using reflective light technology. The digitally reconstructed image of the hidden portrait was presented at a press conference by scientist Pascal Cotte, who's been analyzing the Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece for over a decade. Cotte said he uncovered the image using a camera that took images of the painting under intense light.
The hidden portrait showed a sitting figure that looks almost the same as the “Mona Lisa.” There are small but great differences. The sitter in the image appears to be looking to the side rather than directly at the viewer, and the sitter does not seem to have the smile that has attracted “Mona Lisa”viewers for over 500 years.
Cotte also said that his findings challenged the widely accepted theory that the “Mona Lisa” is a painting of a real life Italian woman Lisa Gheradini in the 16th century. “The results change our vision of Leonardo's masterpiece forever，” he said. “When I finished the reconstruction of Lisa Gherardini, I was in front of the portrait, and she is totally different to ‘Mona Lisa’ today. This is not the same woman.”
In a recent documentary, art historian, Andrew Graham?Dixon, said he studied historical documents linked to the “Mona Lisa” alongside Cotte's findings and came to the same conclusion as Cotte.“I think the new discoveries are like a huge stone thrown into the still water of art history，”Graham?Dixon said.“They disturb everything that we thought that we knew about the ‘Mona Lisa’．There may be some reluctance (不情愿) on the part of the authorities to think about changing the title of the painting because that's what we're talking about. It's ‘Goodbye, Mona Lisa.’ She is somebody else.”
The Louvre Museum declined to comment on the findings, saying it was not a part of the scientific team that studied the painting. Other art historians remain doubtful about the claims that Cotte's findings could prove the “Mona Lisa” was someone else rather than Lisa Gheradini.
Section_ⅠIntroduction & Reading — Pre?reading
[原文呈现]
The Renaissance①
For many people, the Renaissance means 14th to 16th century Italy, and the developments in art and architecture, music and literature which took place there at that time②. But there is one work which, perhaps more than any other, expresses the spirit of the Renaissance③： the Mona Lisa. It is believed to be the best example of④ a new lifelike⑤ style of painting that amazed⑥ people when it was first used⑦. Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 1503－1506⑧， the Mona Lisa is a mysterious⑨ masterpiece⑩. People want to know who Mona Lisa is, and why she is smiling?. Even if people do not know much about the Renaissance?， they have heard of this painting.
[读文清障]
①renaissance/rI'neIs?ns/n.(文艺的)复兴
②which 引导定语从句，修饰developments。
③which引导定语从句，修饰one work。
④It is believed to be ...“它被认为是……”，此处的it指代the Mona Lisa。 ⑤lifelike adj.栩栩如生的，逼真的
⑥amaze v．使大为惊奇，使惊愕
⑦that引导定语从句，修饰painting；该从句中含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
⑧过去分词短语作状语。 ⑨mysterious adj.神秘的
⑩masterpiece n．杰作，名作，佳作，代表作(＝masterwork)
?and连接两个宾语从句。
?Even if 引导让步状语从句。
文艺复兴
[第1段译文]
对于很多人来说，文艺复兴指的是14－16世纪时期的意大利，及其当时出现在艺术、建筑、音乐以及文学领域方面的发展。但有一件作品可能比其他的任何作品都更能表达文艺复兴的精神——《蒙娜·丽莎》。它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表，这种绘画风格首次被使用就使人们惊叹不已。《蒙娜·丽莎》由莱奥纳多·达·芬奇于1503到1506年间绘制而成，是一件神秘的杰作。人们想知道蒙娜·丽莎是谁，她又为什么在笑。即便是对文艺复兴了解不多的人，他们也都听说过这幅作品。
But the Renaissance is, of course, more than? just Mona Lisa. Renaissance is a French word which means “rebirth”? and it first appeared in English in the 19th century. The word was used to? describe a period in European history which began with the arrival of the first Europeans in America?， an age of exploration, and the beginning of the modern world. It was as if Europe was waking up? after the long sleep of the Middle Ages?. From Italy, the ideas of the Renaissance rapidly spread? northwards? to France, Germany, England, and the rest of Europe.
Trade with other parts of the world meant that Europe was getting richer, too. This meant that people had money to spend on the arts； and it became easier for artists to find people who could afford to buy their works or employ them. Leonardo worked for important people such as the Duke of Milan, and, towards the end of his life, the King of France.
?more than不仅仅；很，非常，十分
no more than不过，仅仅 not more than至多，不超过
?which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a French word。
?be used to do sth.被用来做某事
be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
?which 引导定语从句，修饰a period。
?wake up醒来，觉醒，唤醒，弄醒
?as if引导表语从句。
?spread v．伸展，蔓延，扩散
?northwards adv.向北 southwards adv.向南
eastwards adv.向东 westwards adv.向西
mean v．意思是，意味着
动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰money。
afford to do承担得起去做……；抽得出时间去做……
it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语；who引导定语从句，修饰people。
towards prep.接近，靠近
[第2～3段译文]
但是，文艺复兴当然不仅仅只是《蒙娜·丽莎》。“Renaissance”是一个法语单词，意为“再生”，于19世纪首次出现在英语中。这个词被用来描绘随着首批欧洲人抵达美洲而开始的那段欧洲历史，这是一段探险的历史，也是现代世界史的开端。仿佛欧洲在经历了中世纪的长眠之后，就要苏醒过来了。从意大利开始，文艺复兴的观念很快向北传遍了法国、德国、英国以及欧洲其他地方。,与世界其他地方的贸易意味着欧洲也正在变得更加富裕。也就是意味着人们有钱来花费在艺术上，对于艺术家来说想要找到人来购买他们的作品或者雇用他们也就变得更加容易。莱奥纳多为一些重要的人物工作过，比如米兰的公爵，接近晚年时他曾经为法国国王工作过。
Renaissance artists found new ideas for their work in classical Greece and Rome. But they looked forward， too, by opening new frontiers in the arts. Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light; composers put different voices together and created polyphony (“many voices”); architects preferred designing buildings with more light which contrasted with the heaviness of the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages.
The sense of exploration which motivated the artists went hand in hand with a new type of philosophy. After centuries of accepting a medieval world viewin which human life was considered of little value compared with the greatness of God， philosophers began asking questions like “What is a person？” or “Why am I here？” For the first time, they put people, not religion, at the centre of the universe.
classical adj.古典的，古典艺术的
classic古典的，传统的；典型的，经典的
look forward展望未来
look forward to期待，盼望(to为介词)
frontier/?fr?n'tI?/n.新领域
perspective/p?'spektIv/n.透视(画)法；透视效果；透视感
polyphony/p?'lIf?ni/n.复调音乐(作品)
prefer v．宁愿(选择)，更喜欢(后可接动名词或不定式)
contrast v．&n.比较，对照
contrast (sth.) with sth.与……对比
cathedral/k?'θi?dr?l/n.大教堂
motivate/'m??tI?veIt/v.激发，激励
which引导定语从句，修饰the sense of exploration。
hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联
in which引导定语从句，修饰view。
of value＝valuable
过去分词短语作状语。
[第4～5段译文]
文艺复兴的艺术家从古希腊以及古罗马文献中为他们的作品寻找新点子。而他们也通过开辟新的艺术领域来展望未来。画家们发现了怎样利用透视和光的作用；作曲家们将不同的声音合到一起创造了复调音乐；相比较于中世纪哥特式教堂的沉重来说，建筑师们则更喜欢设计更加光亮的建筑。
这种激励艺术家的探索意识与一种新的哲学携手共进。几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命很渺小，现在他们开始提出诸如“人为何物？”以及“我为何存在？”这样的问题。有史以来第一次，他们将人而不是宗教放在了宇宙的中心。
The Renaissance was a time of scientific invention, too. Leonardo, as well as being one of the greatest painters the world has ever known， was also a skilled inventor. Wherever he went， he carried a notebook around with him, in which he wrote down his ideas. They included detailed drawings of the human body, plans for engineers to build canals and bridges，and astonishing drawings of machines which were not to be built until hundreds of years later, such as aeroplanes, parachutes， submarines and tanks. Towards the end of his life he was employed by the King of France to do scientific research, and he did not have a lot of time for painting.
In short， Leonardo was an extraordinary genius, an example of what has been described as “Renaissance man”： someone interested in everything and with many different talents. But even if his only contribution to history had been the Mona Lisa， it would have been genius enough for all time.,as well as (＝in addition to)以及
此处为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰the greatest painters。
skilled/skIld/adj.有技巧的，熟练的
be skilled at/in在……方面有技巧
wherever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter where。
in which引导定语从句，修饰notebook。
which引导定语从句，修饰machines。
not ...until ...直到……才……
parachute/'p?r???u?t/n.降落伞
submarine/'s?bm?ri?n/n.潜艇
tank/t??k/n.坦克 in short总之，简言之
extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的，异乎寻常的，令人惊奇的
describe ... as ...把……描绘成……
what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。
过去分词短语和介词短语都作someone的定语。
even if“即使”，引导让步状语从句。
[第6～7段译文]
文艺复兴也是一个科学发明层出不穷的时代。作为举世公认的最伟大的画家之一，莱奥纳多同时也是一个熟练的发明家。不管走到哪里他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便?随时?记录下自己的想法。这些包括人体的细致素描、供工程师建造运河以及桥梁的设计以及一些令人震惊的成百上千年后才被造出来的机器制图，如飞机、降落伞、潜水艇以及坦克。在生命晚年，他受法国国王委托去做一些科学研究，所以很少有时间从事绘画创作。
简言之，莱奥纳多是一个非凡的天才，一个被描绘成“文艺复兴人物”的典范：一个对凡事皆有兴趣并有诸多才能的人。但即使他对历史的贡献仅仅是一幅《蒙娜·丽莎》，这也已经足够成为恒久的天才作品。
Pre?reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．subject A．breaking the calm of sth./sb.; causing worry
2．dull B．not bright or clear; lacking interest
3．disturbing C．darkness or coolness caused by sth.; blocking direct light or heat
4．basically D．to be in the reason for; to make sb.want to do sth.
5．shade E．having enough ability; skillful
6．effect F．a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
7．motivate G．a thing or person that is being discussed, described or dealt with
8．skilled H．in the most important ways, without considering things that are less important
1～5 ________________ 6～8 ________________
答案：1～5 GBAHC 6～8 FDE
Lead?in
Do you like painting? Can you name some famous painters at home and abroad?
Look at the following pictures and find out who paint them.
1．Xu_Beihong 2.Van_Gogh
While?reading
Fast?reading
(Ⅰ)What's the general idea of the passage?
The_meaning_of_Renaissance,_the_representative_figures_and_their_works.
(Ⅱ)Skim the text and match each paragraph with their main ideas.
1．Para.1 A．Renaissance artists formed the new ideas for painting, music, and architecture.
2．Para. 2 B．Leonardo's influence on history.
3．Para. 3 C．Something that Leonardo did as a skilled inventor.
4．Para. 4 D．The introduction of the Mona Lisa.
5．Para. 5 E．The implication of the Renaissance.
6．Para. 6 F．A change in ideas about religion.
7．Para. 7 G．The development of trade becomes one of the factors of the Renaissance.
答案：1～5 DEGAF 6～7 CB
Careful?reading
(Ⅰ)Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．The Mona Lisa is believed to be ________.
A．painted in the years 1513－1516
B．painted by Leonardo da Vinci
C．one of the best paintings in the Renaissance
D．kept in China
2．The Renaissance ________.
A．is not more than just Mona Lisa
B．is an English word
C．means “rebirth”
D．first appeared in English in the 15th century
3．Which of the following shows the trade during the Renaissance?
A．Europe was getting fatter than before.
B．Leonardo worked for important people such as the Duke of Germany.
C．People couldn't afford to buy the artists' works or employ them.
D．Rich people spent money on arts.
4．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light.
B．Composers put different voices together and created polyphony.
C．Architects preferred to design buildings with more light.
D．They looked back, too, by opening new frontiers in the arts.
5．Leonardo ________.
A．is not only the greatest painter but also a skilled inventor
B．is the Mona Lisa
C．was an ordinary genius
D．has been described as a Renaissance woman
答案：1～5 BCDDA
(Ⅱ)Complete the following form according to the passage.
The meaning of the Renaissance Para.1 The Renaissance refers to 14th to 16th century 1.Italy,_and the development of art, architecture, music and literature there. The famous painting, the Mona Lisa, is a good example of the Renaissance 2.spirit.
Para.2 Renaissance means 3.“rebirth” in French, and it was used to show that the Europeans had 4.woken_up after their long sleep in the long Middle Ages.
The backgro?und of the Renaissance Para.3 International trade made the Europeans richer, so they had extra money to 5.spend on the arts.
Achievements of the Renaissance Para.4 Renaissance artists found new ideas for their work in classical 6.Greece_and_Rome.
Para.5 The sense of 7.exploration motivated the artists with a new type of philosophy and they put 8.people at the center of the universe.
Para.6 The Renaissance was a time of 9.scientific_invention. Da Vinci was one of the skilled inventors at that time.
Para.7 Da Vinci, who was interested in everything and had many different talents, was a good example of “10.Renaissance_man”.
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the passage.
1．It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike?style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.
[句式分析]
It is believed to_be_the_best_example_... of painting
主语 不定式作补语
that_amazed_people when_it_was_first_used.
定语从句 时间状语从句
[尝试翻译] 它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表，这种绘画风格首次被使用就使人们惊叹不已。
2．Wherever he went, he carried a notebook around with him, in which he wrote down his ideas.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 不管走到哪里，他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便随时记录下自己的想法。
3．They included detailed drawings of the human body, plans for engineers to build canals and bridges, and astonishing drawings of machines which were not to be built hundreds of years later, such as aeroplanes, parachutes, submarines and tanks.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句； 主句中They是主语，astonishing前面的and连接三个并列的宾语；which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词machines。
[尝试翻译] 这些包括人体的细致素描、供工程师建造运河以及桥梁的设计以及一些令人震惊的成百上千年后才被造出来的机器制图，如飞机、降落伞、潜水艇以及坦克。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in Caprese, Italy on March 6,1475.He was still young when his family moved to Florence where Michelangelo grew up. His mother died when he was only six years old. Growing up in Florence during the Italian Renaissance was the perfect stage of young Michelangelo's life. Even as a child all he wanted to do was painting and to be an artist.
At the age of thirteen, he went to learn from Domenico Ghirlandaio, who was not only a painter but also an artist. Michelangelo's talents became apparent as he worked for Domenico. Within a year or so Domenico sent him to the powerful Medici family to continue his training under the sculptor (雕刻家) Bertoldo di Geovanni. Michelangelo was able to work with some of the finest artists and philosophers of the time. During the next few years, Michelangelo produced many famous sculptures including Madonna of the Steps, Battle of the Centaurs and Bacchus.
In 1496 Michelangelo moved to Rome. A year later he was asked to make a sculpture called The Pieta. It would become one of the masterpieces of Renaissance art. Today this sculpture sits in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. It is the only piece of art that Michelangelo signed.
Michelangelo's fame (名声) as a great artist began to grow. He returned to Florence and was asked to create a large statue of David. It took him a couple of years to finish the giant statue. The piece of marble (大理石) he began with was very tall and thin. Many people didn't think he could do much with it. He worked without letting anyone see it until it was finished. David became Michelangelo's most famous work of art. It is thirteen feet tall and is the largest statue made since Ancient Rome. It is considered by many experts in art to be a nearly perfect sculpture. Today the statue sits at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, Italy.
语篇解读：米开朗基罗·博那罗蒂是意大利文艺复兴时期著名的艺术家，本文向我们介绍了一些他的生平事迹。
1.What can we learn about Michelangelo as a young child?
A．He lived a very hard life.
B．He showed great interest in art.
C．He wanted to go to Florence very much.
D．He didn't have much time to learn painting.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Even as a child all he wanted to do was painting and to be an artist.”可推断，米开朗基罗小时候就对艺术很感兴趣。
2．Michelangelo was sent to work under the sculptor Bertoldo di Geovanni most probably because________.
A．Michelangelo had lost his interest in painting
B．Domenico didn't think Michelangelo had a gift for painting
C．Bertoldo di Geovanni offered to show Michelangelo sculptures
D．Domenico wanted Michelangelo to make better use of his gift there
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Michelangelo's talents became apparent as he worked ... the sculptor (雕刻家) Bertoldo di Geovanni.”可推断，多梅尼科是为了米开朗基罗能更好地利用自己的天赋才把他送到Bertoldo di Geovanni 那里去工作的。
3．What sculpture by Michelangelo will you see in St.Peter's Basilica?
A．Bacchus.
B．The Pieta.
C．Madonna of the Steps.
D．Battle of the Centaurs.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“A year later he was asked to make a sculpture called The Pieta. It would become one of the masterpieces of Renaissance art. Today this sculpture sits in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.”可知，B项符合题意。
4．When Michelangelo began his work on creating a large statue of David, many people________.
A．couldn't wait to make fun of his work
B．thought he would finish it within months
C．knew it would be his most famous work of art
D．didn't think he would make good use of it
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Many people didn't think he could do much with it.”可知，一开始很多人认为那块大理石不适合雕刻那个作品。
B
Leonardo da Vinci, the son of a local lawyer, was born on 15 April 1452 near the Tuscan town of Vinci. He was apprenticed (做学徒) to the sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence and in 1478 became an independent master. In about 1483, he moved to Milan to work for the ruling (统治的) Sforza family as an engineer, sculptor, painter and architect.
Leonardo was in Milan until the city was invaded by the French in 1499 and the Sforza family was forced to flee. He may have visited Venice before returning to Florence. During his time in Florence, he painted several portraits, but the only one that survives is the famous portrait — the Mona Lisa (1503－1506).
In 1506, Leonardo returned to Milan, staying there until 1513.This was followed by three years living in Rome. In 1517, at the invitation of the French King Francis Ⅰ， Leonardo moved to the Chateau of Cloux, near Amboise in France, where he died on 2 May, 1519.
The fame of Leonardo's surviving paintings means that he has been regarded primarily as an artist, but the thousands of surviving pages of his notebooks show the most brilliant mind. He wrote and drew on subjects including geology, anatomy (解剖学), which he studied in order to paint the human form more exactly. He “invented” the bicycle, airplane, helicopter, and parachute some 500 years ahead of their time.
If all these works had been published in an understandable form, Leonardo's place as a pioneering scientist would have been beyond debate. Yet his true genius was not as a scientist or an artist, but as a combination of the two: an artist?engineer. His painting was scientific, based on a deep understanding of the workings of the human body and the physics of light and shade. His science was expressed through art, and his drawings and diagrams showed what he meant, and how he understood the world worked.
5．Leonardo's career reached its peak probably during his stay in ________.
A．Milan B．Venice
C．Florence D．Rome
解析：选C 推理判断题。从第二段最后一句可知，达·芬奇在佛罗伦萨期间创作了很多绘画，其中留下来的只有《蒙娜·丽莎》，由此推断，这个时期是他事业的巅峰。
6．Why did Leonardo study anatomy?
A．He wanted to be a doctor.
B．He had strong interest in it.
C．He wanted to invent other objects.
D．He wanted to paint the human form exactly.
解析：选D 细节理解题。从倒数第二段可知，达·芬奇研究解剖学的目的是为了更加精确地描绘人体。
7．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us?
A．Leonardo had a special way of painting.
B．Leonardo was both an artist and a scientist.
C．Leonardo was an artist instead of a scientist.
D．Leonardo was more of a scientist than an artist.
解析：选B 段落大意题。综合文章最后一段，本段主要强调达·芬奇是画家和科学家的融合，既是画家也是科学家。
C
In the later half of the 13th century, a new trend of fine arts appeared in the central part of Italy with Florence as its centre, representing the change from fine arts of Middle Ages to Renaissance art.
At that time, Florence school became the main stream of fine arts.The 14th century saw the birth of a great artist — Giotto.His art bore a striking tendency of Realism.For most people Giotto_is_the_first_name_in_European_painting_since_antiquity. That he had breathed fresh life into painting was recognised by people of the day, and later by Ghiberti and Vasari.
Before Giotto, painting was still considered a “mechanical” art.Giotto came to occupy a position of great respect in Florence.Though he was employed by the Bardi and Peruzzi families, owners of the most important European banking houses of the day, he never limited his activity to Florence, and prestigious (声望很高的) commission in other parts of Italy kept him on the move frequently.At a time when Italy's flourishing economy made every Italian city an independent cultural and artistic centre, Giotto went beyond regional barriers and the effect of his art was felt throughout the peninsula (半岛).
In his lifetime Giotto has raised painting to a prestigious level among the arts, to such a high level that it influenced sculpture.Italian painting can be said to have changed greatly with the appearance of Giotto than ever before.The motivation Giotto gave to the arts was so great that it determined the fate of European painting.By the middle of the fourteenth century Europe had already become aware of Giotto's new ideas, which agreed with the growing secular tendency in European society.
语篇解读：乔托——意大利杰出的画家，被认定是意大利文艺复兴时期的开创者，被誉为“欧洲绘画之父”。
8．Before the later half of the 13th century________.
A．fine arts of Middle Ages was the main stream
B．Renaissance art was the main stream
C．Florence school began to disappear
D．Giotto became a great artist
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，13世纪后半期，美术发生了很大的变化，从中世纪美术向文艺复兴美术转变。由此可判断出在13世纪前半期，中世纪美术为主流。故答案为A。
9．What does the author mean by saying “Giotto is the first name in European painting since antiquity” in Paragraph 2?
A．Giotto is the artist's first name.
B．Giotto is the man who started European painting.
C．Giotto is the most important painter in Europe since antiquity.
D．Giotto is the name of a most famous European painting.
解析：选C 句意理解题。从第二段看出，本段讲述这位艺术家的巨大成就，而题目中的这句话正好支持这段的主题。所以这句话就是为了表明他在绘画界的地位。
10．From the third paragraph we can learn________.
A．Giotto thought painting was a “mechanical” art
B．Giotto didn't get great respect in Florence
C．Giotto owned European banking houses
D．Giotto's art affected the whole Italy
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“...the effect of his art was felt throughout the peninsula (半岛)”可知，他的艺术作品影响了整个意大利半岛。
11．The main theme of the passage probably is________.
A．the Renaissance in Italy
B．Giotto, a great artist
C．Florence school
D．fine arts of Middle Ages
解析：选B 主旨大意题。纵览全文可以看出本文是一篇人物介绍的文章，所以主题应是B项“乔托——一位伟大的艺术家”。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Credit card debts, loans and overdrawn (透支) accounts — these are costly mistakes you don't want your children to make when they grow up. __1__ According to Mylene Lopa, a chief marketing officer of Sun Life Financial, you should teach your kids about money as early as possible. Start simple and expose them to the following basic concepts.
Spending
Giving your children some pocket money is a good way to teach them how to be responsible. “The money should just be enough to buy them a treat, like a juice or a biscuit. It's for practice more than anything，” Mylene says. __2__ Tell your kid he will get a reward if he saves some of that money.
Saving
__3__ They are always cute and colorful, making saving a fun and positive activity for kids. Encourage your children further by bringing them to the bank and showing them how to manage their savings themselves.“It makes them feel more grown?up and they love it，” says Mylene.
Earning
For children, earning usually comes in the form of gifts they receive for good grades or behavior. __4__ “Material rewards should be saved for even greater achievements，” Mylene advises, “like if they top the class or they really go beyond the call of duty to help.” This may let your children know making money is not so easy.
Along with these basic concepts, another way to teach kids about money is being a good example. __5__ It's hard to teach kids about saving if they see you splurging (挥霍) and borrowing all the time.
A．Be careful when giving them.
B．Buy your children moneyboxes.
C．Make it clear what items the money is for.
D．Set up a fund for your children when they get older.
E．Tell your children to pay a visit to the bank frequently.
F．Teaching your children about money will help them form good habits in life.
G．Avoid borrowing money from other people and use your credit card responsibly.
1．选F 该空前一句内容说的是花钱的一些坏习惯和一些错误的做法。空格后说你应该尽早教孩子一些有关钱的知识，可知此句承上启下，指教孩子了解钱有助于他们养成好的习惯。
2．选C 选项C中的“the money”指的是上文中的“pocket money”。给孩子零花钱，并告知他们这些钱的用途。
3．选B 根据下一句“They are always cute and colorful, making saving a fun and positive activity for kids.”可知此处指为孩子买存钱罐。
4．选A 上一句说孩子挣的钱大多来源于表现好的奖励，下一句又说物质奖励应该等到孩子有更大的成就时再给，可知此句应为句意的转折，意为给孩子奖励时要小心。
5．选G 根据上文“... another way to teach kids about money is being a good example.”可知此处举例说明怎样为孩子做好榜样。
10
Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.dull adj. 枯燥的；沉闷的 2.work n. 作品 3.shade n. (图画等中的)阴影；阴暗部分 4.frontier n. 新领域 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.被打扰的；不安的；心理失常的→disturb v．打扰；扰乱；打乱(计划等)；激荡(水面) 2.subject n．(绘画，摄影等的)主题；学科→subjective adj.主观的；想象的→objective adj.客观的；真实的 3.basically adv.基本上；本质上；大致说来→basic adj.& n．基本的；基本，要素→base n．基础 4.effect n．效果；作用→affect v．影响；感动；感染→effective adj.有效的；实际的 5.motivate v．激发；激励→motivation n．动机；刺激；推动 6.skilled adj.有技巧的，熟练的→skill n．技能；技巧→skillful adj.灵巧的 1.dull adj.枯燥的；沉闷的[联想] ①bored adj. 厌烦的 ②boring adj. 令人厌烦的 2.work n．作品 [比较] work作“著作，作品”解时，多用复数形式works； work表示“工厂”，只用复数形式，但可表示单数意义。 3.shadow n．(图画等中的)阴影；阴暗部分 [联想] shade n. 阴凉处 4.effect n．效果；作用 [串记] It is obvious that the policy of raising the prices of agricultural products is not effective, because it has a bad effect on the development of economy in the long run. 5.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 [串记] They were all disturbed at the disturbing news; that is, the news disturbed all of them. 6.motivate v．激发；激励 [串记] It is generally accepted that people are motivated by success. The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.more than 不仅仅 2．begin with 以……开始 3．as if 好像 4．wake up 唤醒，醒来 5．look forward 展望未来 6．contrast with 与……形成对照 7．hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联 8．compared with 与……比较起来 9．for the first time 第一次 10．in short 总之，简而言之 11．for all time 永远 1.at that time 那时 2．with the arrival of the first Europeans 随着第一批欧洲人的到来 3．an age of exploration 一个探索的时代 4．open new frontiers 打开新领域 5．a time of scientific invention 科学发明的时代 6．carry a notebook with him 随身携带笔记本 7．do scientific research 进行科学研究 8．an extraordinary genius 非凡的天才 9．the beginning of the modern world 现代世界史的开端
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting ... 它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表…… 主句属于“Sth./Sb. is believed to do/be ...”句型，该句型常改写成“It is believed that ...”或“People believe that ...”。 That girl is_believed_to_be the most beautiful in our school. 那个女孩是我们学校公认的校花。
2.It was as if Europe was waking up after the long sleep of the Middle Ages. 仿佛欧洲在经历了中世纪的长眠之后，就要苏醒过来了。 as if “仿佛，好像”，在句中引导表语从句。 It looks as_if_they're_looking_for_something. 他们看起来好像在找什么东西。
3.Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light ... 画家们发现了怎样利用透视和光的作用…… “特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中作discover的宾语。 I am thinking about how_to_deal_with_the_problem. 我正在考虑怎样处理这个问题。
4.After centuries of accepting a medieval world view in which human life was considered of little value compared with the greatness of God ... 几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命很渺小…… “of＋抽象名词”结构常用来描述人或事物的特征，在句中作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语。 The advice is of_great_value for us to learn English. 这个建议对我们学习英语很有价值。
1．(教材P15)I find it mysterious, and perhaps even a little disturbing ...
我发觉它很神秘，或许甚至有一点让人不安……
?disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
disturb v． 打扰，扰乱
disturbed adj. 被打扰的，担心的
disturbingly adv. 令人不安地
disturbance n. 扰乱，打扰；骚乱；心神不定
①He told us to keep quiet for fear that we might disturb others.
他让我们保持安静，以免打扰别人。
②A loud and disturbing (disturb) noise came from upstairs.
楼上传来了响亮且使人烦躁的声音。
③She was disturbed (disturb) to hear you had been injured in the accident.
听到你在事故中受了伤她感到不安。
[辨析比较] disturb, interrupt
disturb “打扰，妨碍；扰乱”，常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生
interrupt “中断，打断”，常指中断别人正在做的事情
选用上述单词填空
④It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking.
⑤I'm sorry to disturb you so late, but my car's broken down.
2．(教材P15)The effect of the light, the combination of light and shade, is astonishing.
光线效果以及光线阴影结合效果令人吃惊。
?effect n．效果；作用
(1)have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
cause and effect 因果
bring/put sth. into effect 实施计划，落实想法，
使……生效
come into effect/take effect 开始生效/起作用
in effect 实际上，事实上
be of no effect 无效，无用
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的，起作用的
①If they often cheat in the exams, they will form a bad habit, which will have a bad effect on their life.
如果他们经常在考试时作弊，他们会形成一个坏习惯，这将会对他们的生活有坏的影响。
②The new timetable will come into effect tomorrow.
新的时刻表明天生效。
③In the short term, the medicine may not be very effective (effect)．
从眼前来看，这种药效果可能不是很好。
3．(教材P16)But there is one work which, perhaps more than any other, expresses the spirit of the Renaissance ...
但有一件作品可能比其他的任何作品都更能表达文艺复兴的精神……
?more than ……以上，多于……；不仅仅，不止；非常，十分；难以，超过……所能
[一词多义] 写出下列句中more than的含义
①I assure you I am more than glad to help you.非常，十分
②With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes”or “No” reply.(2017·浙江高考)不仅仅，不止
③I have been active in politics for more than twenty years.……以上，多于……
④The beauty of the mountain is more than I can describe.难以，超过……所能
more ... than ... 与其说……倒不如说……
less than 少于
⑤He is more lucky than clever.
与其说他聪明不如说他幸运。
⑥I have been in this city for less_than a year.
我在这个城市住了不到一年。
[名师点津] more than one ＋n.在意义上为复数，作主语时谓语动词为单数。
⑦More than one house was (be) burnt down in the fire.
多间房屋在大火中被焚毁。
4．(教材P17)The sense of exploration which motivated the artists went hand in hand with a new type of philosophy.
这种激励艺术家的探索意识与一种新的哲学携手共进。
?motivate v．激发，激励
(1)motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事；促使某人做某事
(2)motivated adj. 有积极性的
motivation n. 动机，目的
①She said, “Competitions can motivate a student to seek more knowledge.”
她说：“竞争能促使学生去追求更多的知识。”
②A highly motivated (motivate) child can learn almost anything.
一个积极性高的孩子几乎可以学会任何事情。
③Repeated success leads to increased motivation (motivate)!
不断成功使动力增加！
1．It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.
它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表，这种绘画风格首次被使用就使人们惊叹不已。
(1)主句属于“Sth./Sb. is believed to do/be ...”句型，该句型常改写成“It is believed that ...”(据信/认为……)或“People believe that ...(人们相信/认为……)”。
另外，在上述句型中，不定式可用一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)、完成式(to have done)三种形式。
①Hard work is believed to lead to success.
＝It is believed that hard work can lead to success.
＝People believe that hard work can lead to success.
人们相信艰苦工作就能成功。
②Land animals are believed to_have_developed (develop) from sea animals.
陆地动物被认为是由海洋动物进化而来的。
(2)除believe外，用于此句型的词还有：say, think, report, estimate, suggest, know, report等。
③Thirteen is said to be an unlucky number.
＝People_say_that thirteen is an unlucky number.
＝It_is_said_that thirteen is an unlucky number.
据说13是一个不吉利的数字。
2．After centuries of accepting a medieval world view in which human life was considered of little value compared with the greatness of God, philosophers began asking questions like “What is a person？” or “Why am I here？”
几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命很渺小，现在他们开始提出诸如“人为何物？”以及“我为何存在？”这样的问题。
本句中含有“of＋抽象名词”结构，该结构常用来描述人或事物的特征，在句中作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语。常见类型有：
(1)be＋of＋抽象名词，相当于be＋形容词。能用于该结构的名词有：value, use, help, importance, difference 等，这些名词前可用great, no, little, some, any, not much等修饰，以表示不同程度。
①The book he gave me is of great use.
＝The book he gave me is very useful.
他给我的那本书很有用。
②We consider his work to be_of_great_value.
＝We consider his work to be very valuable.
我们觉得他的工作很有价值。
(2)be＋of＋size/weight/height/age/colour/opinion/width/length/type，etc.名词前一般加不定冠词或the same。
③The two boys are_of_the_same_age.
这两个男孩年龄相同。
④Coins may be of different sizes, weights and shapes.
钱币从大小、重量到形状可能各不相同。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The conference has been held to discuss the effect of global warming on the environment.
2．Not getting on well with your classmates can be a disturbing (disturb) experience.
3．This new discovery of oil is of great significance (significant) to this area's economy.
4．It is believed that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
5．The students were motivated to_make (make) greater progress.
6．Learning a language is certainly more than just memorizing words, phrases and structures.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He is more_than_our_teacher (不仅仅是我们的老师); he is also our friend.
2．It was believed to_be_the_greatest_invention (是最伟大的发明) at that time.
3．It seemed as_if_Tom_had_known_the_truth (好像汤姆已经知道真相了)．
4．He gave me some advice, which_is_of_great_help_to_my_study (这对我的学习很有帮助)．
5．We started a discussion about how_to_learn_grammar_more_efficiently (如何更高效地学好语法)．
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I was deeply disturbed (打扰) and depressed by the news that Tom hadn't won the game.
2．There's a great need for a new book on the subject (主题)．
3．Were it not for music, life would be dull (枯燥的)．
4．It is well known that alcoholic drink can have a bad effect (影响) on your body.
5．Your support has always given me added inspiration and motivation (动机)．
6．Demand for skilled (有技巧的，熟练的) workers is high; but there is no demand for unskilled ones.
7．The young writer learned a great deal from the works (著作) by masters in literature.
8．We were so worn out after the long walk in the sun that I suggested a rest in the shade (阴凉处)．
9．Basically (大致说来), I agree with your advice on the plan. But there are a few details I'd like to discuss with you.
10．The frontiers (新领域) of medical knowledge are being pushed forwards as time goes on.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He said he graduated from Oxford, while in the effect, he never went to college.去掉the
2．You'll find this map of great valuable in helping you to get round London.valuable→value或去掉of
3．She said to have been teaching English for over twenty years.said前加is
4．It is generally accepted that people motivated by success.motivated前加are
5．More than one person have made this suggestion.have→has
Ⅲ.选词填空
take effect， wake up， hand in hand， contrast with， in short， more than， as if， compared with
1.This idea hit me when I woke_up this morning.
2．In_short,_the solution to all our problems lies in economic development.
3．Compared_with a quite ordinary star, like the sun, the earth is small indeed.
4．What he did contrasted clearly with what he said.
5．The changes will not take_effect until the computer restarts.
6．The teachers and students are having a concert hand_in_hand.
7．She looked as_if nothing had happened to her.
8．It took them more_than one billion dollars to complete the project.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The Renaissance, a French word 1.meaning (mean) “rebirth”， first appeared in the English language in the 19th century. It described a period of 2.exploration (explore) and the beginning of the modern world. From Italy，it 3.spread (spread) all over Europe 4.where artists found new ideas for their work in classical Greece and Rome. They also opened new frontiers in the arts such as painters' use of perspective and the effects of light. The sense of exploration which 5.motivated (motivate) the artists also developed together 6.with a new type of philosophy. Besides, it was also a time of scientific 7.invention (invent), when Leonardo, the extraordinary genius, did a lot in the 8.scientific (science) research. 9.In short, the Renaissance made great 10.contributions (contribute) to the development of Europe.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
李老师不仅(more than)是我的老师，也是我的朋友。他经常激励(motivate)我努力学习。然而，我上次考试不及格，这使我感到不安(disturbed)，我也因此失眠。几天后，李老师叫我课后去他的办公室，在那儿，他并没有批评我而是帮助我分析如何改正错误(how to do)。我想有李老师帮助我，我下次考试能考得好一些。
Mr_Li_is_more_than_my_teacher,_he_is_also_my_friend.He_often_motivates_me_to_work_hard.However,_I_failed_in_the_last_exam,_which_made_me_disturbed_and_I_suffered_from_the_effects_of_little_sleep.A_few_days_later,_Mr_Li_asked_me_to_go_to_his_office_after_class,_where_he_didn't_criticize_me_but_helped_me_analyze_how_to_correct_my_mistakes.I_think_I_can_do_better_in_the_next_exam_with_Mr_Li_helping_me.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Thinking “Out of the Box”
Long ago in an Italian town, a merchant had the misfortune of owing much money to a moneylender. The moneylender，old and ugly, __1__ the merchant's beautiful daughter, so he put forward a bargain. He said he would __2__ the merchant's debt if he could marry the daughter. Both the merchant and his daughter were frightened by the __3__.
The moneylender said he would put a black and a white pebbles (石子) into a(n) __4__ bag. The girl would then have to __5__ one pebble from the bag. If she got the black pebble, she would become the moneylender's __6__ and her father's debt would be forgiven. If she got the white pebble, she needn't marry him and her father's debt would __7__ be forgiven. But if she __8__ to pick a pebble，her father would be thrown into prison.
As they walked, the moneylender __9__ to pick up two pebbles from the pebble?covered path. However, the sharp?eyed girl __10__ that he had put two black pebbles into the bag. He then __11__ the girl to pick her pebble from the bag.
The girl thought for a while and put her hand into the bag and __12__ a pebble. Without looking at it, she missed and let it __13__ the path where it immediately became __14__ among all the other pebbles.
“Oh, how __15__ of me，” she said. “But never mind. If you look into the bag for the one that is __16__， you will be able to __17__ which pebble I picked.”
Since the remaining pebble is black, it must be __18__ that she had picked the white one. Since the moneylender dared not admit his __19__， the girl changed what seemed an impossible situation into a(n) __20__ one by thinking about it in a different way.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述一位聪明的姑娘利用自己的智慧帮助父亲摆脱债务，也使自己免于不幸的故事。由此启发我们每个难题都有解决的办法，不过需要我们从另一个方面去思考。
1．A.believed B．attracted
C．employed D．fancied
解析：选D 根据下文“He said he would __2__ the merchant's debt if he could marry the daughter.”可知fancied(爱慕)符合语境。
2．A.meet B．forget
C．owe D．collect
解析：选B 根据下文中“her father's debt would __7__ be forgiven (她父亲的债务会被豁免)”可知forget符合语境。
3．A.suggestion B．argument
C．blame D．challenge
解析：选A 根据语境，商人和他的女儿都对放债者的提议感到害怕。上文中的“put forward a bargain”也有提示。
4．A.beautiful B．expensive
C．magical D．empty
解析：选D 下文提到：放到袋子里的石子有两个，剩下的那个是“黑的”，掉到地上的那个就是“白的”。由此判断在装入两个石子之前，袋子是空的。
5．A.pick B．change
C．recognize D．buy
解析：选A 从下文叙述的故事来看，放债者让商人的女儿从袋子中“取出”了一块石子，而非变换或辨认等。
6．A.sister B．friend
C．relative D．wife
解析：选D 上文提到放债者要商人的女儿嫁给他，所以如果拿到了黑石子，就要成为他的妻子。
7．A.still B．thus
C．even D．again
解析：选A 下文的But与上文两个If开头的句子是转折关系。两个If开头的句子之间为并列关系，且有“her father's debt would __7__ be forgiven”可知此处填still。
8．A.regretted B．tried
C．hoped D．refused
解析：选D 放债者提出的交易包含三个方面，此处描述的是“拒绝”取石子的情况。如果她拒绝取石子，她的父亲就会被送进监狱。
9．A.stood up B．went forward
C．bent over D．sat down
解析：选C 上文的“As they walked”以及后面的“pick up”可以判断：放债者“俯身”拾起两个石子来。
10．A.guessed B．noticed
C．understood D．predicted
解析：选B 结合故事情境，根据上文的sharp?eyed判断，女孩“发现”放债者拾起两个黑石子来，故选noticed。
11．A.asked B．preferred
C．helped D．led
解析：选A 放债者要求女孩取石子。
12．A.threw away B．turned over
C．drew out D．pointed at
解析：选C 和上文的“put her hand into the bag”对比，此处指从袋子里“取出”一个石子。
13．A.fall onto B．move off
C．slide into D．roll along
解析：选A 从下文的故事发展来看，石子掉到路面上，和其他的石子混合在了一起，故用“fall onto”。
14．A.white B．distinct
C．lost D．common
解析：选C 石子落到地面的石子堆里，当然看不到掉下去的是哪一个。lost最符合语境。
15．A.ridiculous B．clumsy
C．fortunate D．disappointed
解析：选B 女孩故意说自己“笨拙(clumsy)”，把挑出的石子“掉到了地上”。
16．A.left B．wanted
C．chosen D．discovered
解析：选A 此处是女孩告诉放债者，“如果你看看袋子里剩下的那块石子，就能知道我取出的是哪块石子了。”
17．A.doubt B．tell
C．remember D．explain
解析：选B tell意为“辨识，区别”，含有推理判断得出结论的意义，符合语境。
18．A.expected B．appointed
C．guaranteed D．assumed
解析：选D assumed表示通过“假定”得出某结论，符合语境。
19．A.dishonesty B．anxiety
C．uncertainty D．puzzle
解析：选A 根据整个故事情节，尤其是放债者自己提出的“建议”和“装入两个黑石子”的行为判断，这位放债者“不诚实”，而此时他是不敢承认的。
20．A.serious B．adventurous
C．advantageous D．dangerous
解析：选C 和上文的impossible一词比较，此处选用advantageous表示把不利形势变成了对女孩有利的形势。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Children's Center lies in east of Shanghai. It covers an area of 80,000 square meters and contain a number of magnificent buildings. Among the park's trees there are a science hall, an art centre, a gym, a colorful greenhouse, a music fountain, a children's bookstore and various entertainment equipment.
Since it was set up ten years ago, the Children's Center has received over 10 millions visitors both from Shanghai and from other part of the country. Every Sunday morning, children gather at the center. There are too many of them that they crowd the park's equipment. Climbing here and there, they fill the park in their laughter. How I wish that every city has such an fine Children's Center for kids.
答案：第一句：in后加the
第二句：contain→contains
第三句：are→is; music→musical
第四句：millions→million; part→parts
第六句：too→so
第七句：in→with
第八句：has→had; an→a
PAGE
8
Section Ⅲ Grammar— 非谓语动词
?语法图解
?探究发现
①It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.
②It's no use trying to persuade him to change his mind.
③Her wish is to go to Tokyo to watch the 2020 Olympic Games.
④Our work is serving the people.
⑤People want to know who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.
⑥But they looked forward, too, by opening new frontiers in the arts.
⑦The building being built is a new shopping mall.
⑧The bird was lucky and escaped being caught.
⑨Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 1503－1506, the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.
⑩All things considered, she is the best student in my class.
[我的发现]
(1)①②句中的黑体部分在句中作主语，③④句中的作表语，⑤⑥句中的作宾语。
(2)由①②句可知，动词不定式和动词?ing形式作主语，可以用it作形式主语。
(3)⑦⑧句中，黑体部分都为动词?ing形式的被动式，在句中分别为定语和宾语。
(4)⑨句中，黑体部分为过去分词在句中作状语；⑩句中，分词作状语时有自己独立的主语，这叫独立主格结构。
非谓语动词是指在句中不能充当谓语，而是起其他语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。
一、非谓语动词的基本形式
时态形式 主动式 被动式
不定式 一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing —
动词?ing 形式 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
动词?ed形式 一般式 — done
[即时演练1] 写出下列句中加彩部分所作的句子成分
①To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
不定式短语作主语
②With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
with复合结构作原因状语
③This is the best way to work out this problem.
不定式短语作定语
④They went to the park, singing and talking.
动词?ing形式作伴随状语
⑤Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?
动词?ing形式作宾语补足语
⑥Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
过去分词短语作状语
⑦The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.动词?ing形式作定语
⑧Do you mind my asking you a few questions?
动词?ing形式作宾语
二、非谓语动词的句法功能
1．不定式和动名词作主语
不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作；动名词作主语通常表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。
To swim in the sea in hot summer is very pleasant.
炎热的夏季在海里游泳很惬意。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn English.
大声朗读是学习英语的一个好方法。
[名师点津] 不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面；而动名词只能在一些特定的句式中用it作形式主语。
It is/was no use (useless, no good, fun, a waste of time ...)＋doing sth.
[即时演练2] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①Walking (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
②To_master (master) a foreign language calls for a great deal of memory work.
③It is difficult to_see (see) how more savings can be made.
④It's no use crying (cry) over spilt milk.
2．不定式和动名词作宾语
(1)except, but作介词时后面也可以跟不定式，但多用于否定句和疑问句。
He has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
他别无选择，只能躺下睡觉。
Tom did nothing last night except to watch TV.
除了看电视，汤姆昨晚什么也没干。
(2)下列动词(短语)后要用不定式作宾语：
agree, promise, learn, fail, decide, plan, ask, demand, want, hope, wish, expect, manage, offer, would like/love, refuse, pretend, choose等。
They managed to escape from the burning building.
他们成功地逃出了那座着火的大楼。
(3)下列动词(短语)后要用动名词作宾语：
allow/permit, consider, suggest/advise/propose/recommend, be busy, insist on, practise, admit, enjoy, look forward to, deny, delay, excuse, avoid, miss, give up, finish, risk, escape, imagine, appreciate等。
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
我很感激两年前被给予出国学习的机会。
(4)有些动词后既可用动名词又可用动词不定式作宾语。意义上无较大差别，常见的有：begin, start, continue, prefer, love, like等；而有些两者意义完全不同，常见的有：remember, forget, try, regret, mean等。
As soon as he arrived at the school, he began reading/to read his English book.
他一到学校就开始看英语书。
I liked playing/to play table tennis when I was a middle school student.
我上中学时喜欢打乒乓球。
Don't forget to carry your camera with you.
别忘了带上你的照相机。
I'll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。
(5)有些动词(如need, want, require, bear等)后可跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动形式表示被动意义。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这幢房子需要修缮。
This kind of cloth bears washing/to be washed.
这种布料很耐洗。
[即时演练3]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①She has arranged to_see (see) her parents next week.
②I gave up writing (write) five years ago.
③Dickens began to_work/working (work) at a factory when he was very young.
④Betty has no choice but to_do (do) as you tell her.
(2)完成句子
①She remembered_locking the door.
她记得锁上门了。
②Tom forgot_to_open the window.
汤姆忘记去开窗户。
③Drain piping may require protecting/to_be_protected_against freezing.
排水管要求有防冻保护措施。
3．不定式、动名词和分词作表语
(1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的、一般性的行为。
Your task today is to wash the curtains.
你今天的任务是洗窗帘。
Her job is teaching.
她的职业就是教书。
[名师点津] 如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也用不定式(表示结果)；如果主语是动名词，表语也用动名词。
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残酷。
Helping others is helping yourself.
帮助别人就是帮助自己。
(2)分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语。现在分词作表语一般表示事物的性质、特征；过去分词作表语多用来描述人或高级动物的心理状态。例如：表示“人对……感兴趣”就用sb. be interested in ...，表示“人/物本身有趣”就用sb./sth.be interesting。这类词常见的有：interesting/interested, exciting/excited, delighting/delighted, disappointing/disappointed, encouraging/encouraged, pleasing/pleased, puzzling/puzzled, satisfying/satisfied, surprising/surprised, worrying/worried等。
[即时演练4] 完成句子
①I am_interested_in the book.
我对这本书很感兴趣。
②His habit is walking_the_dog after supper.
他的习惯是晚饭后遛狗。
③Her wish is to_become_a_great_player.
她的愿望是成为一名伟大的运动员。
4．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补足语
动词不定式作补足语表示动作的过程；现在分词作补足语表示正在进行的动作；过去分词作补足语表示被动或完成意义。
We watched her crossing the street.(动作正在进行)
我们看着她走过大街。
I watched my sister cross the bridge.(动作已经完成)
我看着妹妹过了桥。
I heard my name called.(动作完成且表示被动)
我听见有人叫我。
[巧学助记]
(1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾补：动词＋宾语＋动词不定式
劝教命请叫(advise/suggest/recommend, teach, order, command, ask, tell)；
允许又警告(allow, permit, warn)；
使役表意向(cause, let, have, make, lead, set, leave, get, wish, want, expect)；
知觉动词妙(feel, hear, watch, see, observe, notice)；
且要省略to。
(2)下面的动词(短语)后可跟分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。
He kept the car waiting at the gate.
他把小汽车停在门口。
[名师点津] 感官动词后面出现了动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中必须省略不定式符号to，但在变为被动结构时，省略的to则必须加上。
[即时演练5]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①They use computers to keep the traffic running (run) smoothly.
②I found a strange person walking (walk) nearby our shop all day.
③He asked us to assist him in carrying (carry) through his plan.
④The committee permitted us to_go (go) ahead with our building plan.
⑤They really pulled out all the stops to get the task finished (finish)．
(2)完成句子
①I couldn't make_myself_heard above the noise of the traffic.
车辆噪音很大，我无法让人听到我的声音。
②I saw him take_your_dictionary_away.
我看到他把你的词典拿走了。
③I saw him going_upstairs.
我看见他正在上楼。
5．不定式、动名词和分词作定语
(1)通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系。
He is a pleasant fellow to work with.
他是个很好共事的人。
The man to come to our assistance is Mike.
要来帮助我们的人是迈克。
(2)动名词作前置定语，用来说明该名词的性质、用途，可替换成for短语。
a swimming pool＝a pool for swimming (动名词)
(3)分词作定语
现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含义；现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
[名师点津] 动名词作定语通常表示用途：
reading room 阅览室
operating table 手术台
swimming pool 游泳池
singing competition 歌咏比赛
drinking water 饮用水
[即时演练6] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①The picture hanging (hang) on the wall is painted by my close friend.
②The first textbooks written (write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
③Have you got anything to_say (say) at the meeting?
④The car repaired (repair)yesterday by him is my mother's.
⑤The man standing (stand) at the gate is my English teacher.
6．非谓语动词作状语的用法区别
(1)动词不定式通常作目的、原因、结果状语等。
In order to arrive there on time, I got up early.
为了按时到达那里，我很早就起床了。
He's old enough to go to school himself.
他大到可以自己去上学了。
She was so angry as to be unable to speak.
她气得连话都说不出来。
Jack hurried to the booking office, only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.
杰克匆忙赶到售票处，结果被告知所有的票都被卖完了。(不定式only to be told在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果)
I am glad to hear the news.
听到这个消息我很高兴。(不定式短语to hear the news在句中作原因状语，通常位于句末)
(2)动词?ing形式(现在分词)和动词?ed形式(过去分词)在句中通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步状语等。主语与动词?ing形式(现在分词)在逻辑上存在主谓关系，主语与动词?ed形式(过去分词)在逻辑上存在动宾关系。
Seeing the teacher, he ran into the classroom.
一看见老师，他跑进了教室。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
在一群学生的簇拥下，那位老教师走进了教室。
Being League members, we should take the lead in everything.
作为共青团员，凡事我们都应该起带头作用。
His parents died, leaving him a lot of money.
他的父母去世了，留给他一大笔钱。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was wet to the skin.
由于遇上了大雨，他浑身都湿透了。
Getting up late, he missed his early train.
由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。
Seen from space, our earth looks more beautiful.
从太空看，我们的地球更美。
[名师点津] 动词?ing 形式和动词?ed 形式的独立结构：
动词?ing 形式短语(现在分词短语)和动词?ed 形式短语(过去分词短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，但有时它们可以有自己的独立主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主动关系时，用动词?ing 形式；当逻辑主语与其后的动词是被动关系时，用动词?ed 形式。
Time permitting, we can complete the project.
如果时间允许，我们就能完成这个项目。(逻辑主语time与 permit 存在主动关系，独立主格结构作条件状语)
All the work done, they decided to treat themselves to a movie.
所有的工作都做完了，他们决定去看一场电影犒劳自己。(逻辑主语all the work与do之间存在被动关系，句中独立主格结构作原因或时间状语)
[即时演练7] 句型转换
①After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
→Having_watered_the_garden,_he began to mow the lawn.
②When they are heated, metals expand.
→Heated,_metals expand.
③Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
→Not_knowing_what_to_do_next,_I want to ask for your advice.
④She awoke, so that she found herself lost in the forest.
→She awoke, only_to_find herself lost in the forest.
⑤She ran up to me and her hair flew in the wind.
→She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.
7．非谓语动词常考的其他结构
(1)疑问词＋不定式结构
疑问词who, what, which, when, where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语。
When to start has not been decided.
何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don't know what to do.
我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
I have no idea of how to do it.
我不知道如何做此事。(表语)
(2)非谓语动词的独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。若不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成非谓语动词的独立主格结构。独立主格结构没有真正的主语和谓语，因此，在语法上不是句子。独立主格结构在句中作状语，表示方式、时间、原因、条件、结果等。
①名词/代词＋现在分词
名词/代词与构成现在分词的动词之间为主谓或动宾关系，现在分词多表示动作正在进行。
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
②名词/代词＋过去分词
名词/代词与构成过去分词的动词之间是动宾关系，过去分词表示动作已完成。
This done, we went home.
做完此事，我们就回家了。
③名词/代词＋不定式
不定式多表示将要发生的动作。
We divided the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor.
我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。
[即时演练8]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①The moon appearing (appear), they decided to go on with their work.
②All the work done (do), they went to the square.
③The student lay on the grassland with his hands crossed (cross) behind his head and eyes shut (shut)．
④With two children attending (attend) a middle school in the nearby town now, the man is working hard.
(2)完成句子
①They don't tell other people what_to_do,_but help others to take charge.
他们不会告诉其他的人去做什么，而是帮助他们自己承担。
②We now have a really good idea of how_to_do_this.
我们现在有了如何做到这一点的真正的好主意。
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16?year?old Sarah is not spending half?term resting (rest)．
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to_prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
6．(2017·浙江高考)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to_cook (cook) a meal.
7．(2017·江苏高考)Many Chinese brands, having_developed (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
8．(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.
9．(2016·江苏高考)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden (hide) within the work.
10．(2016·浙江高考)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working (work) with students.
11．(2016·天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary.
12．(2016·北京高考)To_make (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
13．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers conducted (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
14．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
15．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to_cool (cool) the house during the hot day.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．(2016·北京高考书面表达)Knowing_from_your_last_mail that you ask me to tell you my favorite figure in Chinese history, I'm more than glad to share that with you.
从你上次的邮件中得知你要我告诉你我最喜欢的中国历史人物，我很高兴与你分享。
2. (2016·天津高考书面表达)Doing_sports_as_a_team has enabled us to know each other better.
做团体运动能够使我们更加彼此了解。
3．(2015·四川高考书面表达)I badly need_someone_to_help_me_with my oral English, at which lots of Chinese students are bad.
我迫切需要一个人来帮助我的英语口语，在这一点上，很多中国学生都很差。
4．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)I'm writing to_apply_for_the_position as a student volunteer.
我写信是要申请作为一名学生志愿者的职位。
5．(2015·重庆高考满分作文)Learning_that you are organizing this activity to_share_books_worldwide,_here I am writing to apply to join in the activity you are organizing.
得知你正在组织分享世界各地的书籍的活动，现在我写信申请加入你正在组织的活动。
6．(2015·天津高考满分作文)We will take the books to you when we take part in the summer camp to_be_held_in_your_school in July.
当我们参加你们学校在七月举行的夏令营时，我们将把这些书带给你们。
7．(2015·浙江高考满分作文)I thought helping_the_old_at_the_nursing_home would be more meaningful.
我认为在敬老院帮助老人会更有意义。
8．(2015·广东高考满分作文)Carried_out_continuously,_it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to_make_obvious_progress.
继续进行，这将非常有利于我们所有的人，我们肯定会取得明显进展。
Ⅲ.短文改错
My cousin and I usually stay out later with some friends on Saturday evenings, left Grandpa alone at home. But it was so cold yesterday that neither of us wanted suffer from the freezing wind outside. But after dinner we stayed home sitting around a fire and listening to Grandpa to tell his experiences in the Second World War. Though in fact it sounded unfamiliar to us, we were still listening attentively so as to make him happily. Now and then we asked Grandpa some questions, which he answered in humorous way. We burst out laughing from time to time and he laughing too. Full of joy, we all felt especial warm on the cold evening.
答案：第一句：later→late; left→leaving
第二句：wanted后加to
第三句：But→So; 去掉第二个to
第四句：it→they; happily→happy
第五句：in后加a
第六句：第二个laughing→laughed
第七句：especial→especially
PAGE
8
Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
Step 1 True (T) or False (F)passage on P22.
1．Most people don't walk because of convenient transportation.__T__
2．All house owners were taxed on the size of their windows in Europe.__F__
3．The writer visited both the Van Gogh Museum and the Rijksmuseum.__F__
Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the passage on P25.
1．The word “drawback” in Paragraph 5 means “____________________________”．
A．disadvantage B．mistake
C．disappointment D．advice
2．The word “confidential” in Paragraph 5 means “________________________”．
A．secret B．unnecessary
C．amusing D．illegal
3．De Valfierno wanted everyone to hear about the news of the burglar ________.
A．to tell the buyers the real Mona Lisa was just a copy
B．to make six copies
C．to avoid paying Perugia
D．to convince each buyer he had the authentic painting and not a copy
4．The six buyers didn't know about the other paintings because ________.
A．they hadn't heard the news
B．they might have guessed that their painting was a copy
C．de Valfierno had told them their copy was the authentic painting
D．Perugia had waited so long before trying to sell the painting
5．The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A．the Mona Lisa was stolen so that someone could make six copies and sell them to collectors
B．Perugia stole the Mona Lisa on behalf of his boss, who simply made copies but didn't pay him for stealing the painting
C．the Mona Lisa was stolen, copies made, and no one now knows if the painting which was returned is authentic
D．the Mona Lisa in the Louvre Museum today is a copy and not the authentic painting
答案：1～5 AADCC
Step 3 Complete the following form according to the passage on P27.
The development of printing in Europe ?The first 1.printing_press was made by a German, and the first book he produced was a 2.Bible. ?Soon there were printing presses all over 3.northern_Europe. ?In 1476 William Caxton set up his own press in 4.London.
The importance of printing ?Printing answered a need because people 5.were_thirsty_for knowledge. ?Printing made 6.it_possible to produce more copies in a few weeks than could have been produced in a lifetime written out 7.by_hand. ?Without the development of the printing press, 8.the_Renaissance may never have happened.
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.overnight adj. 持续整夜的 2.authentic adj. (书画、文件、书籍等)原作的 3.passerby n. (过)路人 4.dash v. 猛冲 5.crossing n. 十字路口；交叉口 6.crossroads n. 十字路口 7.flee v. 逃跑，逃掉 8.sideroad n. 旁路，旁侧路 9.seek v. 寻找；寻求 10.behalf n. 方面；利益 11.chief adj. 最重要的；首要的12.fundamental adj. 根本的；基本的13.drawback n. 不利因素 14.superb adj. 极好的；超级的 15.confidential adj. 秘密的，机密的 16.debt n. 债务；人情债 17.merely adv. 仅仅；只不过 18.outcome n. 结果；后果 19.blame n. (对错事或坏事应付的)责任 20.liberty n. 自由；自由权 21.gifted adj. 有天赋的；有才华的 22.movable adj. 活动的；可移动的 23.rural adj. 农村的；乡村的 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.loss n．丢失，丧失→lose vt.丢失，迷失→lost adj.丢失的 2.inspire v．鼓舞，激励→inspiration n．鼓舞，激励；启发，灵感 3.appeal v．恳求；呼吁→appealing adj.动人心弦的→appealingly adv.动人心弦地 4.calculate v．计算→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算；账目；推定；预想；预定 5.suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子→suspected adj.被怀疑的→suspicious adj.多疑的 6.passion n．激情，热爱→passionate adj.热情的→passionately adv.热烈的；激烈地 7.official n．官员；高级职员adj.正式的，公务的→ officer n．军官，干部 8.profession n．职业→professional adj.职业的，专业的→professor n．教授 1.overnight adj.持续整夜的[联想] 聚焦“over＋n.”合成名词 ①overwork 过度工作 ②overtime 超出的时间 ③overpopulation 人口过剩 ④overweight 超重 2.passerby n．(过)路人 [复数] passersby 过路人 3.dash v．猛冲 [词块] ①dash into the room 冲进房间 ②dash out of the room 冲出房间 [联想] ①rush v. 冲，奔 ②dash：指以最快的速度向前奔驰 ③rush：指因急躁或事务紧急而采取快速行动 4.crossroads n．十字路口；交叉口 [联想] crossing n. 十字路口 [词块] at a crossing/crossroads 5.chief adj.最重要的；首要的 [比较] ①chief：指人时，表同类中职位最高，权力最大；指物时，表同类中最重要，价值最高 ②major：指同其他人或其他物、问题等相比较，显得更加重要和突出 6.outcome n．结果；后果 [同义] consequence, effect, result 7.blame n．(对错事或坏事应付的)责任 [近义] ①scold vt. 责骂，斥责 ②condemn vt. 谴责 8.gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的 [联想] talented adj. 有才能的 [串记] As we all know, Lang Lang is a gifted pianist and he has a gift for music. 9.movable adj.活动的；可移动的 [联想] 盘点?able结尾形容词①suitable 适合的②adaptable 适应的③acceptable 可接受的④comfortable 舒服的⑤bearable 可容忍的
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.depend on 依靠，依赖；取决于(条件、情况) 2．in history 历史上 3．leave for 出发去某地 4．leave sth. behind 把……抛在后面 5．on behalf of 代表 6．get tired of doing sth. 厌倦做某事；厌烦做某事 7．at liberty 获得自由的 8．up to 到(某个数量) 9．lead to 导致，通向，通往 10．take up 从事，开始做(某项工作) 1.take a train 乘火车 2．half an hour or so 大约半小时 3．the whole day 一整天 4．three quarters 四分之三 5．in all his life 他整个一生 6．make a tentative attempt 做试探性尝试 7．as early as in the 7th century 早在七世纪 8．be thirsty for knowledge 渴求知识 9．passion for artistic expression 艺术表达的激情 10．western civilisation 西方文明
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.We don't think the burglar was working alone. 我们认为那个盗贼不是单独作案。 don't think是否定转移的用法。not从宾语从句谓语动词的前面，转移到了主句谓语动词think的前面。 I_don't_think Jack's getting along well with his colleagues. 我认为杰克与他的同事们相处得不好。
2.Printing made it possible to produce more copies in a few weeks than could have been produced in a lifetime written out by hand. 印刷使这一点成为可能：在数周内印刷出来的书比一个人一辈子手工抄写的书还要多。 本句为make的复合结构，it是形式宾语，possible是宾补，to do 不定式是真正的宾语。 The heavy rain made_it_impossible_for_us_to_go_out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。
3.But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed, so did the demand for the Greek and Latin classics ... 但随着文艺复兴观念的发展，人们对希腊和拉丁经典作品的需求也增加了…… “so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”句式，表示前句的肯定情况也适合于后者，意为“……也一样”。 Mary likes Chinese. So_does_Tom. 玛丽喜欢汉语，汤姆也喜欢汉语。
1．(教材P22)．..here the taxes depended on the width of the house — so they kept them narrow, but built them tall.
……这里的税金是根据房屋的宽度而定——因此他们就把房屋盖得很窄但却很高。
?depend on依赖；依靠；取决于(条件、情况)
depend v． 依靠；依赖
依赖/指望某人做某事
depend on it that ... 相信，指望……
It (all) depends./That depends. 视情况而定。
①How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.(2017·浙江高考)
你需要睡多长时间在很大程度上取决于你的年龄。
②He depends on his parents to_take (take) care of the children.
他依靠父母照顾孩子。
③You may depend on it that she will fulfil the plan.
你们可以相信她会完成这个计划。
④—How long are you staying?
—I don't know; it/that_depends.
——你将停留多长时间？
——不知道。视情况而定。
[联想发散] 除depend on之外，其他表示“依靠，依赖”的短语还有：rely on, count on, figure on等。
2．(教材P25)We're appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.
我们呼吁无论是谁看到了嫌疑犯，请与我们联系。
?appeal
(1)vi.恳求，呼吁；吸引
appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/请求某人做某事
appeal to sb. for sth. 呼吁/请求某人某事
appeal for sth. 呼吁某事；请求给予某物
appeal to sb. 吸引某人
①The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.
设计要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
②The government is appealing to everyone to_save (save) water.
政府呼吁每个人节约用水。
③They appealed to us for support, but their plan didn't appeal to us.
他们恳求我们的支持，但他们的计划对我们没有吸引力。
(2)n.呼吁，恳求；吸引力；上诉
make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事
④We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.
为建造这座桥， 我们呼吁村民捐款。
?suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子v.怀疑
(1)suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb./sth. to be 怀疑某人/某事是……
suspect that ... 以为，猜想
(2)suspected adj. 受怀疑的，被怀疑的
①The police suspect him of having taken the money.
警察怀疑钱是他偷的。
②What she said sounded convincing, but I suspect it to_be (be) a lie.
她的话听起来挺可信的，但我认为那是谎话。
③He was ordered to observe a suspected (suspect) person.
他受命监视一个可疑的人。
3．(教材P25)We're seeking a gang of criminals.
我们在搜寻一帮罪犯。
?seek v. (sought, sought) 寻找，寻求；试图
seek one's fortune 寻求发财之道
seek sb. for advice 寻求某人的建议
seek sth. from sb. 向某人寻求某物
seek after 追求
seek to do 试图做……；企图做……
seek for 试图获得
①He went to America to seek his fortune when he was 16.
16岁时，他到美国去寻求发财的机会。
②The young writer seeks to_write (write) a book which will be liked by the readers.
这位年轻的作家试图写一本受读者欢迎的书。
③You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.
这件事情你应该请教你的律师。
4．(教材P25)The outcome of the story is that Perugia got the blame for the crime and went to prison.
故事的结局是佩鲁贾为这起犯罪背了黑锅并进了监狱。
?blame n．(对错事或坏事应付的)责任v.责怪，责备
(1)take/bear/accept/the blame 承担责任
get the blame for 为……背黑锅
lay/put the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
(2)blame ... for ...＝blame ... on ... 把……归咎于，指责
be to blame (for sth.) 对(某事)负有责任
①Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
很多人觉得早上起床很困难并将其归咎于闹钟。
②You can hardly blame him for the mistake he made; he didn't know much about the situation.
他不大了解情况， 搞错了也难怪。
③Don't lay the fault to me. I am not to_blame (blame)．
别把错误归咎于我。我是无辜的。
[名师点津] “be to blame for sth.”为主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
[语境串记] Don't blame Jack any more. He has been blamed enough for the failure. What's more, it is his partner who is to blame，as he blamed the failure on Jack.
别再指责杰克了。他已经因为他的失误受到足够的指责了。再者，该受到指责的是他的搭档，因为他把责任都推到杰克身上了。
5．(教材P27)But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed, so did the demand for the Greek and Latin classics, which had been largely ignored for up to 2,000 years.
但随着文艺复兴观念的发展，人们对希腊和拉丁经典作品的需求也增加了，而这些经典作品大部分已经被忽视达两千年了。
?up to 到(某个数量)，多达；不迟于，直到；有某种能力的，能胜任的；正在做/忙于……；取决于
[一词多义] 写出下列句中up to的含义
①The speed of the train is up to 350 kilometres an hour.到(某个数量)，多达
②What's he up to？忙于
③It's up to you whether you decide to take the job.取决于
④She is not up to the work assigned to her.能胜任的_
⑤Up to now everything has been successful.直到
6．(教材P27)This spread of printed books led to a renewed passion for artistic expression.
印刷书籍的传播，重新唤起了人们对艺术表达的激情。
?lead to导致，通向，通往
lead ... to ... 引导……到……
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead the way 带路；引路
lead a ... life 过着……的生活
①As we all known, eating too much fat can lead to health problems.
正如我们知道的那样，吃太多的脂肪会导致疾病。
②I didn't know what had led you to_believe (believe) him.
我不知道是什么使你相信了他。
③They lead a busy and colourful life on the campus.
他们在大学里过着忙碌而又丰富多彩的生活。
[联想发散] 除lead to 外，其他表示“导致，引起，造成”的词或短语还有：cause, result in, bring on, contribute to, bring about等。
7．(教材P27)... the son of John Shakespeare, a government official in rural England in the mid 1500s, may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession.
……16世纪中期英格兰乡村的政府官员——约翰·莎士比亚的儿子也许根本不可能受到鼓舞而将写作作为职业。
?take up从事，开始做(某项工作)；接受；继续，接下去；占用，占据(时间、空间、注意力等)，站好位置以备……；拿起
[一词多义] 写出下列句中take up的含义
①The table takes up too much space.占据(空间)
②I won't take up any more of your time. 占用(时间)
③The band's new album takes up where their last one left off.继续，接下去
④The runners took up their positions on the starting line.站好位置以备……
⑤I am quite prepared to take up this new post.接受
⑥He took up the receiver when the telephone rang.拿起
take back 取回，收回
take in 吸收；理解；欺骗
take on 雇用，呈现
take over 接管；掌管
take down 拿下；记下；拆除
take off 起飞；开始成功；脱掉；请假
⑦Some insects take_on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
一些昆虫呈现出它们周围环境的颜色，目的是保护自己。
⑧Many businesses started up by college students have taken_off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏高考单选)
多亏了良好的创业环境，许多大学生的创业项目已经成功了。
But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed，so did the demand for the Greek and Latin classics，which had been largely ignored for up to 2,000 years.
但随着文艺复兴观念的发展，人们对希腊和拉丁经典作品的需求也增加了。这些经典作品大部分已经被忽视达两千年了。
(1)句中so did the demand ...属于“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”句式，表示前句的肯定情况也适合于后者，意为“……也一样”。句式中的主语和前句的主语不指同一人或物。
①Bill likes tennis and so does Tom.
比尔喜欢网球，而汤姆也喜欢。
(2)“so＋主语＋助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示对前句的确定，意为“确实如此”。此句型中的主语与前句的主语为同一人或物。
②You say he works hard. So he does (do), and so do you.
你说他很努力，对，他确实很努力，你也一样。
(3)当前面的否定情况也适用于后者时，用“neither/nor＋助动词＋主语”。
③You didn't see him, and neither/nor_did_I.
你没有看见他， 我也没有。
(4)当前面既有肯定又有否定或有两个谓语时，用so it is/was with sb.或it is the same with sb.。
④Tom studies very hard and is never late for school. It is the same with Dick/So it is with Dick.
汤姆学习非常努力，上学从不迟到。迪克也是如此。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on_which school education depends.
2．As science and technology develop steadily, so does the education style of China.
3．The police have appealed to anyone with information to_come (come) forward and talk to them.
4．He was suspected of giving away state secrets and arrested last month.
5．Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
6．We seek to_cater (cater) the needs of business as well as local clients.
7．Hard working and proper ways will lead you to success.
8．It is up to you to_decide (decide) when we will start.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．She doesn't play the piano, but she likes singing. So_it_is_with_my_sister.
她不弹钢琴，但喜欢唱歌，我姐姐也是如此。
2．People living in cities lead_a_busy_life.
住在城市里的人们过着忙碌的生活。
3．His sense of humour appealed_to_all_the_people present enormously.
她的幽默感把所有在场的人强烈地吸引住了。
4．You shouldn't put/lay_the_blame_on_her_for this matter.
这件事你不能归罪于她。
5．You can depend_on_us_to_fulfill the task on time.
→You can depend_on_it_that we will fulfill the task on time.
你尽管放心，我们能够按时完成任务。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The beggar sat outside the building asking passersby (过路人) for money.
2．He sought (寻求) every opportunity to find the job he had wanted.
3．The rural (乡村的) scenery was so beautiful that he decided to stay one more week.
4．The few hours I spent in the library had brought back my old passion (激情) for reading.
5．He's in debt (债务) to the bank because he bought that big house.
6．She counts among the most gifted (有天赋的) of the current generation of composers.
7．When a child has become conditioned to life in a city, he may feel quite at a loss (损失) in any other environment.
8．Being a doctor is the favorite profession (职业) I have been looking forward to.
9．I feel nervous about the outcome(结果) of the experiment.
10．A knowledge of economics is fundamental (基础) to any understanding of this problem.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Depend on that we won't give up.on后加it
2．Tom hasn't finished his paper yet; so has his twin brother.so→neither
3．We were ready to take the blame of what had happened.of→for
4．After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took in a job in the countryside.第二个in→up
5．The police appealed the public to be alert to burglar at night.appealed后加to
Ⅲ.选词填空
in history， leave for， leave behind， on behalf of， at liberty， up to， in debt， take over， lead to， get tired of
1.You are not at_liberty to leave without permission.
2．The Olympics were not held because of world wars for 3 times in_history.
3．If you don't keep up with the times, you'll get left_behind.
4．The path led_to a tiny village situated on the steep sides of a mountain.
5．She is going to speak on_behalf_of the manager, for he is abroad.
6．We left_for the station so early as to catch the first train.
7．When he retired, his eldest son took_over the company.
8．If she isn't up_to the job, she'll just have to leave.
9．If you get_tired_of working there, you can come to my company.
10．You will end up in_debt if you keep on spending money like that.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He is a university student and majors in chemistry.So it is with his younger brother.
2．His wonderful performances appeal to all ages and social groups in China.
3．The sudden weather change led to the delay of the project and great losses.
4．What made my sister upset was that up to five hundred graduates had applied the job she wanted.
5．Basically (basic), he is a student who is outgoing and friendly.
6．We have taken effective (effect) measures to preserve our natural resources.
7．The company is fortunate to have such highly skilled (skill) workers.
8．The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.
9．This disturbing (disturb) news really upset me so that I couldn't sleep well.
10．This is just what we have long sought (seek) for.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I hope that all the people can live a healthy life for_all_time (永远)．
2．It has been found that smoking does have_an_effect_on_the_health (对健康有影响) of the smokers.
3．Many people are_said_to_be_infected_with_diseases (据说被疾病感染) involved with pollution.
4．It depends_on (取决于) whether they have enough experience.
5．The police appealed_to_people_to_drive_slowly (呼吁人们开得慢点) during the rush hours.
6．Never get_tired_of_doing_little_things (厌烦做小事) for others. Sometimes those things occupy the biggest part of their hearts.
7．I have to delete some useless files, because the new files will_take_up_a_lot_of_disk_space (将会占去磁盘许多空间)．
8．The discovery of new evidence led_to_the_thief_being_caught (导致窃贼被抓了)．
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It is a tiny portrait of one of the most powerful women of the Renaissance.And for more than 50 years the old BBC journalist Charles Wheeler kept the picture of Eleonora of Toledo on his bookshelf.
But yesterday Wheeler returned the painting to Berlin's Gem?ldegalerie after discovering that it was a priceless original looted (掠夺) from the museum during the Second World War, not a copy as he had thought.
Wheeler, 83, acquired the 16th?century portrait by the Florentine artist Alessandro Allori from a German farmer who dropped in to the BBC's West Berlin office.“It was 1952.At the time people could move freely between East and West，” he said yesterday.“We were doing a programme called Letters Without Signature, where people living in the eastern zone could write a letter.The farmer reached into his pocket, took out a brown envelope and said it was a wedding present for me.” The farmer claimed he had got it from a Russian soldier in exchange for two sacks of potatoes to make vodka.Over the next 50?plus years Wheeler, one of the BBC's most distinguished foreign journalists, took the miniature (小画像) with him.“I was burgled four times over the years，” he said.“People were always taking my TV and radio.But they ignored the painting.”
It was only last year while making a BBC radio series on missing art that Wheeler realised the painting could have been stolen.After contacting the London?based Commission for Looted Art in Europe the work was swiftly identified as a minor masterpiece and returned yesterday to Berlin's picture gallery, where it was last seen in 1939.
Yesterday Anne Webber, co?chair of the commission, hailed (赞扬) the work as one of the “earliest diplomatic portraits of a woman”. “It's a charming painting，” she said.The miniature depicts (描绘) Eleonora of Toledo，whose husband Cosimo de Medici was one of Renaissance Italy's most powerful men.
语篇解读：一位记者得到一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位妇女的画像，但他以为是复制品，因此并没有在意。在保存了50多年以后，他最后得知画像是柏林艺术馆在二战中被盗的真品，于是他把这幅画归还给了该艺术馆。
1．Charles Wheeler kept the miniature on his bookshelf because________.
A．he thought it was of little value
B．he thought it would be safer there
C．he liked the picture very much
D．he wanted it to be seen by others
解析：选A 细节理解题。从第二段的“not a copy as he had thought”可知，这位BBC记者本来以为这是一件复制品，并没有重视。
2．The miniature was probably taken from the Berlin's picture gallery by________.
A．a burglar B．a German farmer
C．a Russian soldier D．a worker at the gallery
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第三段可知，这幅画是一个德国农民从一个俄国士兵手中用两袋土豆换来的。由此可以推断，该画很可能在战乱中落入一个俄国士兵手中。
3．In what way is the miniature considered to be priceless?
A．It survived the Second World War.
B．It depicts a powerful woman of the Renaissance.
C．It is a masterpiece by a famous artist in Germany.
D．It was painted more than 50 years ago.
解析：选B 推理判断题。从第一段和最后一段可知，这是一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位重要妇女的画像，它具有重大意义。
4．From the passage we can learn________.
A．the painting was drawn by a woman of the Renaissance
B．Allori gave the journalist the painting as a wedding present
C．Charles Wheeler has kept the painting for over 50 years
D．Eleonora of Toledo was one of the most powerful men in Italy
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段中的倒数第三句话可知，他保存这幅画已经50多年了。
Ⅱ.语法填空
I was able to experience the real Corsica (科西嘉岛) through the generosity of complete strangers. It was my last day in Corsica, and I had woken up early __1__ (catch) the 6 a．m. sunrise at the pier (码头). As I walked back into the town, I saw an old woman and __2__ (hear) her shouting，“Do you want to come up？”
Without hearing my response, she repeated __3__ (loud) the invitation in broken English, and then shouted out her door code. I went to her apartment later and we chatted __4__ a while. She introduced herself as Marie, and when I told her I was flying out that evening, she said，“Ah! But you will still be here for lunch？”
So at 12 o'clock, I found myself at the bar underneath her apartment, where I then spent the afternoon drinking wines, __5__ (eat) fantastic homemade Corsican food, and laughing with Marie's rude __6__ friendly, Corsican fishermen friends.
These men were regular __7__ (customer); this lunchtime meeting was a daily routine and they accepted me as __8__ member of the bar family. When I eventually had to leave, Marie gave me a bottle of wine, __9__ was made by herself.
Without doubt, meeting with Marie that early morning had led to a __10__ (wonder) experience that I would never forget.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
语篇解读：作者在科西嘉岛旅行的最后一天感受到了当地人的热情，为这次旅行画上了一个圆满的句号。
1．to catch 这里用带to的动词不定式作状语表示目的。
2．heard and前后句子的时态一致，根据前面的“I saw an old woman” 可知此空需填hear的过去式 heard。
3．loudly 此空所填的词修饰前面的动词repeated，副词修饰动词，因此应该填loud的副词形式loudly。
4．for for a while意为“一会儿”。
5．eating and连接三个并列的动词短语作spent的宾语补足语。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。
6．but 此空前面的rude和空格后的friendly词义相反，所以此空需填but表转折。
7．customers 根据前面的“These men”可知主语为复数，所以此空需填customers。
8．a a member of 意为“……的一员”。
9．which which在这里引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的a bottle of wine。
10．wonderful 根据文章大意可知这是一次美好且难忘的经历。
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Section Ⅴ Writing— 英文日记
日记作为一种常见的应用文形式，主要是用来记录作者近日经历的事情，在此基础上，作者还要发表自己对这件事情的看法和理解，这样才能突出写日记的本质所在。
一、基本结构
1．时间和天气情况
时间通常写在正文的左上角。它们的写作顺序必须符合英文习惯，如December 18th, 2018, Tuesday。天气情况应该写在正文的右上角。
2．正文
正文一般用第一人称。由于日记的内容涉及个人经历，所以作者会不可避免地产生一些与之相关的感情。为此，作者要擅于通过主观性的词语(组)来增添日记语言的情感性。
3．时态
在日记中，动词多用过去时态；但当表示习惯性动作、客观事实、普遍真理、名言或谚语时，可以使用一般现在时；当发表自己的感想、打算、期望或决心时，可以使用一般将来时。
二、增分佳句
1．表示天气状况的形容词：
fine, sunny, rainy, snowy, windy, cloudy, showery (阵雨), hot, cold等。
2．叙述经过
(1)on one's way home/to school
(2)．.. be doing ... when ...
3．表达感受或认识
(1)From ..., I learned ...
(2)I feel really delighted that ...
(3)I decided to ...
4．运用恰当的过渡性语言。常用的过渡性词汇有：
first, then, at last, finally, at that time, now, in the morning, at night, at noon等。
[题目要求]
假定你随一个中学生代表团去英国访问，期间你们参观了英国伦敦郊区的一个名叫Camden Town的小镇，请你把参观过程写成一篇日记。内容包括：
1．到达小镇的时间； 2.你对小镇的印象；
3．小镇的建筑物； 4.你们第二天的计划。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为一篇英文日记，属于应用文；
2．确定中心人称：本文主要人称为第一、三人称；
3．确定主体时态：以一般过去时为主。
二、构思
第一部分：概括今天过得很愉快，卡姆登镇给我留下了深刻的印象。
第二部分：记叙当天的参观过程。
第三部分：说明第二天的计划，认为那又是令人愉快的一天。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．architecture 建筑
2．leave_a_deep_impression_on 给……留下深刻印象
3．be_different_from 与……不同
4．pay_a_visit_to 参观
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．今天早上，吃过早饭后，我们乘公共汽车去了卡姆登镇。(时间状语从句)
This_morning,_after_we_had_breakfast,_we_started_to_go_to_Camden_Town_by_bus.
2．我们到达的时候是八点钟。(强调句型)
It_was_eight_o'clock_when_we_arrived._
3．这个小镇干净、整洁，与我以前在其他地方见过的小镇很不一样。(what宾语从句)
The_town_was_clean_and_tidy.It_was_quite_different_from_what_I_had_seen_in_other_places_before.
4．短暂休息后，在剩下的时间里，我们参观了这个小镇。(pay a visit to)
After_a_short_break,_we_paid_a_visit_to_the_town_in_the_time_left._
5．奇怪的是，它们搭配得如此巧妙，你甚至感觉它们就像一幅画一样。(match；宾语从句)
Strangely_enough,_they_match_each_other_very_well.You_even_feel_they_make_a_beautiful_picture.
6．明天我们会去参观当地的一所中学，而且会与那里的学生们举行一次聚会。(be to visit)
Tomorrow_we_are_to_visit_a_local_middle_school.We'll_have_a_party_with_the_students_there.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用which引导的定语从句改写句3
The_town_which_was_clean_and_tidy_was_quite_different_from_what_I_had_seen_in_other_places_before.
2．用so ... that ...引导的结果状语从句改写句5
Strangely_enough,_they_match_each_other_so_well_that_you_even_feel_they_make_a_beautiful_picture.
3．用where引导的定语从句改写句6
Tomorrow_we_are_to_visit_a_local_middle_school,_where_we'll_have_a_party_with_the_students.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
April_14th,_ThursdayFine
We_had_a_wonderful_time_today._Camden_Town_left_a_deep_impression_on_me.
This_morning,_after_we_had_breakfast,_we_started_to_go_to_Camden_Town_by_bus._It_was_eight_o'clock_when_we_arrived._The_town_which_was_clean_and_tidy_was_quite_different_from_what_I_had_seen_in_other_places_before._The_people_here_were_friendly_and_kind._After_a_short_break,_we_paid_a_visit_to_the_town_in_the_time_left._The_architecture_is_astonishing._There_are_both_high_buildings_and_old?style_houses._Strangely_enough,_they_match_each_other_so_well_that_you_even_feel_they_make_a_beautiful_picture.
Tomorrow_we_are_to_visit_a_local_middle_school,_where_we'll_have_a_party_with_the_students.I_think_it_will_be_another_pleasant_day_for_all_of_us.
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单元加餐练（一）~（二）
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
The Mona Lisa is the most famous work of Leonardo da Vinci.The portrait full of mystery and secrets is __1__on a 77×53cm?large polar wood.
Leonardo __2__ to work at this painting in 1503.It is said that one of the noblest citizens of Florence __3__ the painting from Leonardo.__4__Leonardo left Florence in 1507, he did not sell it to the nobleman.__5__，he kept it for himself.Several believe that Leonardo did not __6__ the painting because he did not finish the work, __7__ others believe that Leonardo loved the painting too much.
Leonardo da Vinci __8__ in France with the painting in 1516.He sold the painting to the King of France, who __9__ it for the castle in Amboise.After the French Revolution the painting got a new __10__ in the Louvre.However, Napoleon took it away from there and __11__ it up in his bedroom.When Napoleon was banished (流放), the Mona Lisa__12__ into the great Louvre again.
__13__ August 21, 1911 the Mona Lisa was stolen.In this __14__ the two columns, one on the left and the other on the right side, had been cut.So today the painting is __15__ than the __16__ one.It's also the reason why it is not easy to recognise that Mona Lisa is sitting on a terrace (露台).
Two years later, it turned __17__ in Florence.After some exhibitions the Mona Lisa returned again to Paris.An acid (酸) attempt __18__ the lower half of the painting in 1956.The restoration took several years.
In the 1960's and 1970's the Mona Lisa was __19__ in New York, Tokyo and Moscow.Today the painting is __20__ bullet?proof (防弹的) glass in the Louvre in Paris.
语篇解读：本文讲述的是关于达·芬奇最著名的作品《蒙娜·丽莎》曲折的历史。现在它被收藏在巴黎卢浮宫里。
1．A.painted B．made
C．carved D．sculptured
解析：选A 本文讲述的是名画《蒙娜·丽莎》的历史。第一段告诉我们这幅画是画在什么材料上的，所以选择painted。
2．A.managed B．tried
C．started D．intended
解析：选C 第二段讲述这幅画的起源，所以是从达·芬奇开始创作该作品讲起。
3．A.bought B．ordered
C．saw D．stole
解析：选B 从本段可以看出达·芬奇画这幅画的原因是有人向他订购了一幅画，所以选择ordered。
4．A.While B．During
C．When D．Since
解析：选C 从下文可知，在达·芬奇离开佛罗伦萨的时候并没有把这幅画交给订购的人。表示“在……的时候”，只能选择when。
5．A.Then B．But
C．Instead D．Finally
解析：选C 达·芬奇没有把这幅画交给订购的人，而是自己保存了起来，所以用instead。
6．A.hand out B．hand up
C．hand over D．hand down
解析：选C 从第二段可知，人们推测达·芬奇当时没有把画交给订购者的原因有两种可能。hand over意为“把……交给”。
7．A.and B．so
C．though D．but
解析：选D 从上文看出，有人认为达·芬奇没有交画的原因是由于没完成，而另外一些人认为是达·芬奇太爱这幅画了。这两句之间是转折关系，所以选择but。
8．A.reached B．arrived
C．dealt D．did
解析：选B 下文说达·芬奇把画卖给了法国国王，所以此处是说他带着画到达了法国。
9．A.bought B．got
C．took D．robbed
解析：选A 上文说达·芬奇把画卖给了法国国王，所以国王应该是买了这幅画。
10．A.site B．home
C．cupboard D．desk
解析：选B 本句说明的是这幅画接下来的归属是到了卢浮宫，也就是在卢浮宫找到了一个新家。
11．A.put B．held
C．hung D．picked
解析：选C 后来拿破仑拿走了这幅画，把它挂在了自己的卧室里。
12．A.went B．came
C．left D．returned
解析：选D 拿破仑被流放后，这幅画又回到了卢浮宫。
13．A.On B．In
C．As D．At
解析：选A 表示具体在哪一天，要用介词on。
14．A.thing B．affair
C．matter D．business
解析：选C 上文说这幅画被偷了，所以是一件麻烦事，用matter表示。
15．A.bigger B．smaller
C．longer D．shorter
解析：选B 上文说“...the two columns ...had been cut”，所以这幅画是变小了。
16．A.original B．older
C．previous D．latter
解析：选A 这幅画变小应该是与原来相比，所以用original表示“原来的”，也就是改变前的。
17．A.out B．in
C．over D．up
解析：选D 两年后这幅画又出现在佛罗伦萨。
18．A.ruined B．killed
C．injured D．damaged
解析：选D 这幅画又被硫酸破坏。damage意为“部分损坏”；ruin意为“完全毁坏，不可修复”。
19．A.exhibited B．broken
C．seen D．noticed
解析：选A 从最后一段看出这幅画在20世纪60和70年代在各地展出，所以选择exhibited。
20．A.after B．before
C．beyond D．behind
解析：选D 为了保护这幅画，人们把它放在防弹玻璃后面。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The medieval (中世纪的) artists didn't know about perspective; they didn't want to make their people look like real individual people in a real individual scene.They wanted to show the truth, the eternal (永恒的) quality of their religious stories.So these artists didn't need to know about perspective.
In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings.A flat medieval style couldn't show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique.It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing.At first the artists of the Renaissance only had a single?point perspective.Later they realized that they could have two?point perspective and still later multi?point perspective.
With two?point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it.The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective.For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level.Sloping roof tops don't meet on eye level.
For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures.Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities (优先顺序) that artists in displaying individual styles.Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single?point perspective.Cezanne always talked about space and volume.Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints.And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures.Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth.However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions (幻觉).
It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth.However, a strong two?dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important.
1．The passage mainly discusses________.
A．the difference between medieval and Renaissance art
B．how the technique of perspective influenced the modern art
C．the discovery of the technique of perspective
D．the contributions of Renaissance artists
解析：选B 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍文艺复兴时期出现的透视绘画技巧及其对现代艺术的影响。
2．According to the passage, which may be the main concern for medieval artists?
A．The individual person and his/her possessions and surroundings.
B．Real people, real scenes.
C．Eternal timeless truth of the earth.
D．Themes of religious stories.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知中世纪的艺术家们主要从事与宗教故事有关的绘画。
3．What's the author's purpose of giving the example in Paragraph 3?
A．To explain how perspective work in painting.
B．To support two?point perspective.
C．To show that there are exceptions about perspective.
D．To point out that the technique of perspective is an invented technique.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知透视法有例外之处，后面的例子就是为了说明这些例外之处。因此选C项。
4．It can be inferred from the passage that Renaissance artists________.
A．welcomed the medieval style of eternal truth
B．needed to develop a new approach towards painting to show a new level of reality
C．were inspired by vertical and horizontal surfaces in inventing the technique of perspective
D．saw two?dimensional design more important than a feeling of depth
解析：选B 推理判断题。读完全文可知，文艺复兴时期的艺术家们为了展示现实发明了透视法。因此本题选B项。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu, __1__ (especial), has had a great effect __2__ the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other __3__ (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the __4__ (great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are __5__ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it __6__ (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas __7__ (give) in the Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even __8__ (much) ancient period codified (编纂) in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns __9__ is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui. So far China has taken steps __10__ (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.
1．especially 尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。especially“尤其是”，用于强调突出的人或者事情。
2．on have a ... effect on sb.“对某人有……影响”为固定搭配，故填on。
3．aspects 他们可能会来到中国，学习了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据空前的“some other”及aspect作“方面，层面”讲的是可数名词可知，此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。
4．greatness 其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。根据空格前的“the”及空格后的“of”可知，此处应填名词greatness。
5．a 这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名词，意为“混合，结合”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用a。
6．is challenged 根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处亦用一般现在时；it在此指代上文中的“Confucianism”，和challenge之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is challenged。
7．given 这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。the ideas与give之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
8．more “四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空格前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填more。
9．what 分析句子结构可知，空格处在此引导宾语从句，作learns的宾语，空格处在句中作主语，且此处表示“所……的事物”，故用what。
10．to further 目前，中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式形式。further在此用作动词，意为“促进，增进”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My mom and dad often gave me surprises. Last night, they were surprised me again. After I came back, I saw somebody at home, but I found a note on the table, what led to the second, then the third, and then the fourth ... And it became more and more difficulty to find the following notes although the hints on the notes became harder to figure out. However, I loved the game. At the end, I found the gift that my parent prepared for me. It was the photo album, in which I saw many photos that my mom and dad taken of me.
答案：第一句：gave→give
第二句：去掉were
第三句：somebody→nobody; what→which
第四句：difficulty→difficult; although→because
第六句：At→In; parent→parents
第七句：the→a; dad后加had
Ⅲ.书面表达
你们班于昨天(周六)组织同学们去海边游玩。请你根据以下提示内容，写一篇英语日记，记叙这次游玩的过程。
1．游玩的地点：海边
2．出行方式：乘坐校车
3．过程：(1)早上八点从学校出发；
(2)一小时后到达海边；
(3)拍照；玩沙子；
(4)乘坐游船去猴岛看猴子；
(5)海边吃午饭，下午5点开始返回。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
May 7, Saturday Sunny
I went on a trip to the seaside today with my classmates and teachers.
We set out at eight o'clock from our school by school bus and we got to the seaside one hour later. As soon as we got off the bus, we started to scream with great excitement. Some of us took photos; others played with the sand on the beach. The most exciting thing was that we took a cruise ship to Monkey Island to see the monkeys. We fed them with bananas, which made them happy. We enjoyed our lunch by the seaside and the sea breeze was very cool. We headed back at five in the afternoon.
What a great day! I hope such trips should be arranged regularly because they can help students relax.
PAGE
5
Module 2 The Renaissance
单元小结
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci, a gifted, and skilled painter in the Renaissance. He is reckoned one of the greatest painters in history. He had great passion for art and other things and never got tired of them. When he was young, he took up painting as his profession.
There are also many anecdotes about the Mona Lisa. One night, a burglar in debt stole the painting, but left the antique frame and the glass behind. The theft led to the public's anger. The police sought it in a confidential way and appealed to the witnesses to catch the suspect. News about the loss of the Mona Lisa was circulated in all newspapers. After some time, several superb substitutes appeared on the market. Two years later, Perugia, who stole the Mona Lisa on behalf of the chief organiser of the crime, sold the authentic and was caught. He was severely punished but the organiser was still at liberty.
《蒙娜·丽莎》是由莱奥纳多·达·芬奇所画，他是文艺复兴时期的一位有才华的、有技巧的画家。他被认为是历史上最伟大的画家之一。他对艺术以及其他事情有着极大的激情，而且从未厌倦过。他年轻时从事绘画并以此作为职业。
关于《蒙娜·丽莎》也有很多趣闻。一天晚上，一个负有债务的盗贼把画偷走了，但留下了古董框架和玻璃。这个盗贼引起了公众的愤怒。警察用一种秘密的方式寻找它，同时呼吁目击者出来抓住嫌疑犯。有关《蒙娜·丽莎》丢失的消息在所有报纸上流传。一段时间以后，有几幅极好的替代品在市场上出现了。两年以后，这起偷了《蒙娜·丽莎》的犯罪组织的主犯佩鲁贾在卖真品时被抓住了。他受到了严厉的惩罚，而那个组织者却依旧是自由的。
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
The Mona Lisa is the most famous work of Leonardo da Vinci.The portrait full of mystery and secrets is __1__on a 77×53cm?large polar wood.
Leonardo __2__ to work at this painting in 1503.It is said that one of the noblest citizens of Florence __3__ the painting from Leonardo.__4__Leonardo left Florence in 1507, he did not sell it to the nobleman.__5__，he kept it for himself.Several believe that Leonardo did not __6__ the painting because he did not finish the work, __7__ others believe that Leonardo loved the painting too much.
Leonardo da Vinci __8__ in France with the painting in 1516.He sold the painting to the King of France, who __9__ it for the castle in Amboise.After the French Revolution the painting got a new __10__ in the Louvre.However, Napoleon took it away from there and __11__ it up in his bedroom.When Napoleon was banished (流放), the Mona Lisa__12__ into the great Louvre again.
__13__ August 21, 1911 the Mona Lisa was stolen.In this __14__ the two columns, one on the left and the other on the right side, had been cut.So today the painting is __15__ than the __16__ one.It's also the reason why it is not easy to recognise that Mona Lisa is sitting on a terrace (露台).
Two years later, it turned __17__ in Florence.After some exhibitions the Mona Lisa returned again to Paris.An acid (酸) attempt __18__ the lower half of the painting in 1956.The restoration took several years.
In the 1960's and 1970's the Mona Lisa was __19__ in New York, Tokyo and Moscow.Today the painting is __20__ bullet?proof (防弹的) glass in the Louvre in Paris.
语篇解读：本文讲述的是关于达·芬奇最著名的作品《蒙娜·丽莎》曲折的历史。现在它被收藏在巴黎卢浮宫里。
1．A.painted B．made
C．carved D．sculptured
解析：选A 本文讲述的是名画《蒙娜·丽莎》的历史。第一段告诉我们这幅画是画在什么材料上的，所以选择painted。
2．A.managed B．tried
C．started D．intended
解析：选C 第二段讲述这幅画的起源，所以是从达·芬奇开始创作该作品讲起。
3．A.bought B．ordered
C．saw D．stole
解析：选B 从本段可以看出达·芬奇画这幅画的原因是有人向他订购了一幅画，所以选择ordered。
4．A.While B．During
C．When D．Since
解析：选C 从下文可知，在达·芬奇离开佛罗伦萨的时候并没有把这幅画交给订购的人。表示“在……的时候”，只能选择when。
5．A.Then B．But
C．Instead D．Finally
解析：选C 达·芬奇没有把这幅画交给订购的人，而是自己保存了起来，所以用instead。
6．A.hand out B．hand up
C．hand over D．hand down
解析：选C 从第二段可知，人们推测达·芬奇当时没有把画交给订购者的原因有两种可能。hand over意为“把……交给”。
7．A.and B．so
C．though D．but
解析：选D 从上文看出，有人认为达·芬奇没有交画的原因是由于没完成，而另外一些人认为是达·芬奇太爱这幅画了。这两句之间是转折关系，所以选择but。
8．A.reached B．arrived
C．dealt D．did
解析：选B 下文说达·芬奇把画卖给了法国国王，所以此处是说他带着画到达了法国。
9．A.bought B．got
C．took D．robbed
解析：选A 上文说达·芬奇把画卖给了法国国王，所以国王应该是买了这幅画。
10．A.site B．home
C．cupboard D．desk
解析：选B 本句说明的是这幅画接下来的归属是到了卢浮宫，也就是在卢浮宫找到了一个新家。
11．A.put B．held
C．hung D．picked
解析：选C 后来拿破仑拿走了这幅画，把它挂在了自己的卧室里。
12．A.went B．came
C．left D．returned
解析：选D 拿破仑被流放后，这幅画又回到了卢浮宫。
13．A.On B．In
C．As D．At
解析：选A 表示具体在哪一天，要用介词on。
14．A.thing B．affair
C．matter D．business
解析：选C 上文说这幅画被偷了，所以是一件麻烦事，用matter表示。
15．A.bigger B．smaller
C．longer D．shorter
解析：选B 上文说“...the two columns ...had been cut”，所以这幅画是变小了。
16．A.original B．older
C．previous D．latter
解析：选A 这幅画变小应该是与原来相比，所以用original表示“原来的”，也就是改变前的。
17．A.out B．in
C．over D．up
解析：选D 两年后这幅画又出现在佛罗伦萨。
18．A.ruined B．killed
C．injured D．damaged
解析：选D 这幅画又被硫酸破坏。damage意为“部分损坏”；ruin意为“完全毁坏，不可修复”。
19．A.exhibited B．broken
C．seen D．noticed
解析：选A 从最后一段看出这幅画在20世纪60和70年代在各地展出，所以选择exhibited。
20．A.after B．before
C．beyond D．behind
解析：选D 为了保护这幅画，人们把它放在防弹玻璃后面。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The medieval (中世纪的) artists didn't know about perspective; they didn't want to make their people look like real individual people in a real individual scene.They wanted to show the truth, the eternal (永恒的) quality of their religious stories.So these artists didn't need to know about perspective.
In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings.A flat medieval style couldn't show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique.It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing.At first the artists of the Renaissance only had a single?point perspective.Later they realized that they could have two?point perspective and still later multi?point perspective.
With two?point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it.The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective.For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level.Sloping roof tops don't meet on eye level.
For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures.Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities (优先顺序) that artists in displaying individual styles.Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single?point perspective.Cezanne always talked about space and volume.Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints.And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures.Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth.However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions (幻觉).
It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth.However, a strong two?dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important.
1．The passage mainly discusses________.
A．the difference between medieval and Renaissance art
B．how the technique of perspective influenced the modern art
C．the discovery of the technique of perspective
D．the contributions of Renaissance artists
解析：选B 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍文艺复兴时期出现的透视绘画技巧及其对现代艺术的影响。
2．According to the passage, which may be the main concern for medieval artists?
A．The individual person and his/her possessions and surroundings.
B．Real people, real scenes.
C．Eternal timeless truth of the earth.
D．Themes of religious stories.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知中世纪的艺术家们主要从事与宗教故事有关的绘画。
3．What's the author's purpose of giving the example in Paragraph 3?
A．To explain how perspective work in painting.
B．To support two?point perspective.
C．To show that there are exceptions about perspective.
D．To point out that the technique of perspective is an invented technique.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知透视法有例外之处，后面的例子就是为了说明这些例外之处。因此选C项。
4．It can be inferred from the passage that Renaissance artists________.
A．welcomed the medieval style of eternal truth
B．needed to develop a new approach towards painting to show a new level of reality
C．were inspired by vertical and horizontal surfaces in inventing the technique of perspective
D．saw two?dimensional design more important than a feeling of depth
解析：选B 推理判断题。读完全文可知，文艺复兴时期的艺术家们为了展示现实发明了透视法。因此本题选B项。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu, __1__ (especial), has had a great effect __2__ the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other __3__ (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the __4__ (great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are __5__ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it __6__ (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas __7__ (give) in the Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even __8__ (much) ancient period codified (编纂) in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns __9__ is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui. So far China has taken steps __10__ (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.
1．especially 尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。especially“尤其是”，用于强调突出的人或者事情。
2．on have a ... effect on sb.“对某人有……影响”为固定搭配，故填on。
3．aspects 他们可能会来到中国，学习了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据空前的“some other”及aspect作“方面，层面”讲的是可数名词可知，此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。
4．greatness 其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。根据空格前的“the”及空格后的“of”可知，此处应填名词greatness。
5．a 这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名词，意为“混合，结合”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用a。
6．is challenged 根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处亦用一般现在时；it在此指代上文中的“Confucianism”，和challenge之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is challenged。
7．given 这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。the ideas与give之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
8．more “四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空格前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填more。
9．what 分析句子结构可知，空格处在此引导宾语从句，作learns的宾语，空格处在句中作主语，且此处表示“所……的事物”，故用what。
10．to further 目前，中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式形式。further在此用作动词，意为“促进，增进”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My mom and dad often gave me surprises. Last night, they were surprised me again. After I came back, I saw somebody at home, but I found a note on the table, what led to the second, then the third, and then the fourth ... And it became more and more difficulty to find the following notes although the hints on the notes became harder to figure out. However, I loved the game. At the end, I found the gift that my parent prepared for me. It was the photo album, in which I saw many photos that my mom and dad taken of me.
答案：第一句：gave→give
第二句：去掉were
第三句：somebody→nobody; what→which
第四句：difficulty→difficult; although→because
第六句：At→In; parent→parents
第七句：the→a; dad后加had
Ⅲ.书面表达
你们班于昨天(周六)组织同学们去海边游玩。请你根据以下提示内容，写一篇英语日记，记叙这次游玩的过程。
1．游玩的地点：海边
2．出行方式：乘坐校车
3．过程：(1)早上八点从学校出发；
(2)一小时后到达海边；
(3)拍照；玩沙子；
(4)乘坐游船去猴岛看猴子；
(5)海边吃午饭，下午5点开始返回。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
May 7, SaturdaySunny
I went on a trip to the seaside today with my classmates and teachers.
We set out at eight o'clock from our school by school bus and we got to the seaside one hour later. As soon as we got off the bus, we started to scream with great excitement. Some of us took photos; others played with the sand on the beach. The most exciting thing was that we took a cruise ship to Monkey Island to see the monkeys. We fed them with bananas, which made them happy. We enjoyed our lunch by the seaside and the sea breeze was very cool. We headed back at five in the afternoon.
What a great day! I hope such trips should be arranged regularly because they can help students relax.
(Modules 1～2)
第一部分 听力 (满分30分，限时20分钟)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Old classmates.
B．Travelers in England.
C．Tourist and guide.
2．How will the man send the machines?
A．By ship. B．By air. C．By truck.
3．Where is the man going to plant the tree?
A．By the front door.
B．At the back of the garage.
C．At the other end of the garden.
4．What does the man advise Alan to do?
A．Go out to work.
B．Listen carefully to John.
C．Be calm and patient.
5．When is the man going home?
A．In the evening.
B．In the afternoon.
C．At noon.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does the man want to eat out?
A．He wants to celebrate his birthday.
B．He has won a big prize.
C．He wants to have some relaxation.
7．Where will they have supper?
A．At home.
B．The place the man likes.
C．The place the woman prefers.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Why is the man not certain of the job?
A．His education is not enough.
B．Others are more suitable than him.
C．He does not have enough work experience.
9．According to the woman, what is important for work?
A．The ability to put knowledge to practical use.
B．Good knowledge with work experience.
C．Strong will and hard work.
10．What is the man's opinion about the interviewers?
A．They have good experience.
B．They are experts in the field.
C．They are knowledgeable but proud.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A．Buying books for their course.
B．The money needed for the books.
C．Sharing the books with each other.
12．Why does Dr. Downs want his students to have these five books?
A．These books are not expensive.
B．He wants his students to read more.
C．He wants to discuss them in detail.
13．How does the woman plan to solve the problems about the books?
A．She buys three and the man buys two.
B．She pays the man fifty dollars for sharing.
C．They will share the total amount for the books.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What subjects does the woman like to apply for next year?
A．Economics. B．Engineering. C．Science.
15．What's the purpose of the woman talking with the man?
A．For a good record of her studies this year.
B．For a recommendation of him.
C．To get some advice about the recommendation.
16．What do the woman's parents think of her idea?
A．They think it is a good idea.
B．They think it is a bad idea.
C．They think it has nothing to do with them.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．How many people took part in the swimming activity?
A．About 300.
B．Above 3,000.
C．About 30,000.
18．Who organized the swimming activity?
A．The local authority.
B．The Tourism Agency.
C．The Sports Center.
19．Why did they organize the swimming activity?
A．To make people more aware of environmental protection.
B．To get ready for a swimming competition.
C．To celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival.
20．What can we know from the 62?year?old swimmer?
A．The river isn't as clean as it was several years ago.
B．The river was very clean when he was a child.
C．He often goes swimming in the river.
答案：1～5 ABBCB 6～10 CCCAB
11～15 ACCBB 16～20 ABAAB
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Good morning, Hank. It is wonderful to be back in England.
M：I'm so glad to see you again. It's over ten years now since we left university.
(Text 2)
M：Can I help you?
W：I'd like to order the machines we talked about yesterday. Can I have them within two days?
M：Sure. I'll send them by air.
(Text 3)
W：Where are you going to plant the tree? By the front door?
M：No, that would be silly. It'll grow too big. I'm going to put it at the back of the garage.
W：I thought it would be better right at the other end of the garden.
M：Oh, no.
(Text 4)
W：I'm really angry at John. He never listens to me.
M：Take it easy, Alan. Things will work out.
(Text 5)
W：Bob, are you going straight home after school today?
M：No, I have a class until one o'clock, and after that I'm going to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home.
(Text 6)
M：Hey, let's eat out tonight.
W：Why? You won a big prize?
M：Well, I only want to relax.
W：Really? It's very nice of you.
M：I'll take you anywhere you want to go.
W：Wonderful!
(Text 7)
W：So, how did it go?
M：Better than I had expected.
W：Didn't I tell you that you were more fit for the job than others?
M：My education is OK. But I don't have the experience of working on a project like this. My knowledge is mostly theoretical. That is why I am not so sure about getting this job.
W：I think what matters is that you have the ability to use your knowledge in your work.
M：I hope my interviewers feel that way.
W：Don't you think they do?
M：I don't know. All of them are experts in this field.
W：Don't worry. I am sure they should call you.
(Text 8)
M：Did you see the list of books for this course?
W：Yes, Dr. Downs said he expected us to have the first five on the list. He is going to discuss them in detail.
M：Are you going to buy them?
W：I don't know. These books are expensive. And I don't have a lot of money with me.
M：How about sharing them with me?
W：Sounds good.
M：Let's do this. I will buy three and you buy two of them.
W：I would rather do it this way: we pay fifty?fifty now. And at the end of the course you can take the books you find more interesting and I will take the ones I like.
M：What if we both like the same books?
W：Come on, we are not going to argue over that. Are we?
M：I was just joking. It's definitely a better idea.
W：Then let's get the books as soon as possible.
(Text 9)
M：Good morning, Lucy. Can I help you?
W：Good morning, sir. I'd like to talk with you about my studies for a minute, if you may.
M：Certainly, come in and have a seat.
W：Thank you. I have a record of my studies from last year. Would you like to see it?
M：Yes, let me see now. You are studying mathematics, aren't you?
W：Yes, I am. But I'd like to apply for their admission to the engineering college next year.
M：I see. Have you asked your parents for their advice about this?
W：Yes, I have. They think it is a good idea.
M：Well, your record here has been very good. I don't think you will have much trouble.
W：I hope not. Anyway, I am going to apply. And I'd like to ask you to write a recommendation for me, if it is not too much trouble.
M：Not trouble at all. I'd be glad to do it. Is there anything else?
W：No, sir, I think that is all. Thank you very much.
(Text 10)
Above 3,000 people swam across a river in Guangdong Province in a move to make people more aware of environmental protection for the major waterway in south China.
The swimmers including teenagers and elders in their 60s, crossed the 450?meter?wide section of the Pearl River in Guangzhou.
The local authority organized the swimming activity to show the pollution treatment achievement on the country's third longest river, and make people more aware of environmental protection.
A 62?year?old swimmer said the water quality had been improved in recent years and now could match the cleanness when he swam in the river in his childhood.
A mass crossing of the river was once held in the 1970s, but for many years since then, it had been impossible for a large group of people to swim across it because of heavy industrial pollution.
Guangdong government has spent tens of millions of dollars controlling the pollution by shutting down or moving heavily polluting factories.
第二部分 阅读理解 (满分40分，限时35分钟)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
We want your boarding experience to go smoothly.Below are some tips to help you get ready to board your flight.
Arrive at the gate early
You'll need to spare enough time to make your way to the boarding gate. Your boarding pass will tell you when the boarding will start and end. We recommend being at the boarding gate 30 minutes before the takeoff to ensure that you're on the flight before the doors are closed. To help ensure an on?time flight, all customers must be on board 15 minutes before the scheduled takeoff time.
Find your seat and put your carry?on bags away
You're almost ready to take flight. Once you find your seat, place your larger carry?on bags in the overhead compartment (隔间) above your row and your smaller bags under the seat in front of you, which is left particularly for people to store their personal items.
VIP Access
If you'd like to be among the first to board and get settled in, consider applying for the VIP Access. In addition to priority (优先权) boarding, you'll also enjoy the convenience of specialized airport check?in lines and security passages at airports.
Pre?boarding
Pre?boarding is available to these customers: alone children who are under 16, customers with disabilities, uniformed members of the U．S. Army, families traveling with children aged two or younger and the United Global Services members.
We're continuously working on ways to improve your travel experience in the United, and our boarding process is just one of many areas we're focused on. As you travel throughout the United network, you may experience some differences in our boarding order as we work to determine what's best for our customers. We look forward to sharing more improvements with you.
21．Customers have to board in advance so that________.
A．the flight can leave safely
B．the flight can leave on time
C．they can enjoy better service
D．they can save much money
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第二段“To help ensure an on?time flight, all customers must be on board 15 minutes before the scheduled takeoff time.”可知旅客提前登机是为了保证飞机能够准时起飞。
22．If you get the VIP Access permission, you can enjoy________.
A．free foods
B．free luggage carrying
C．specialized seats
D．specialized airport check?in lines
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第四段“In addition to priority (优先权) boarding, you'll also enjoy the convenience of specialized airport check?in lines and security passages at airports.”可知获得贵宾通道资格的人可以享受专有的登记窗口。
23．Which of the following people can enjoy the pre?boarding?
A．A local doctor.
B．A teacher with his students.
C．A mother with her teenage child.
D．A blind artist.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第五段可知残疾人可以优先登机。
24．The passage comes from________.
A．a kind pilot
B．the US government
C．the United company
D．a charity group
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第六段“We're continuously working on ways to improve your travel experience in the United ... we work to determine what's best for our customers.”可知这篇文章是由United航空公司发布的。
B
I took a trip to Antarctica last year.
First I flew from Buenos Aires, Argentina, to the city of Rio Gallegos in a military (军事的) plane. Then the plane took me and the others to Marambio base, in Antarctica from Rio Gallegos. During the four?hour trip in the_Hercules,_I was impressed by the ice around us.
As I set foot in Antarctica for the first time in my life, a rush of glory ran through me. The scientists on board told me about the ozone layer (臭氧层) and the British explorer Ernest Shackelton, the second man to set foot in Antarctica. I will never forget what I was told about the ozone layer. I was told it was getting thinner and thinner because of pollution and emission gases, which eventually would change the weather balance in the whole planet. I couldn't help feeling worried about the future of humans after I heard that.
In Esperanza base there are elementary schools for kids. In Jubany base I saw igloos (拱形圆顶小屋) and it was interesting to learn that only scientists lived there. I was allowed to get near the Antarctic animals. The penguins are my favorite because they are cute and I like the way they stick out their heads in curiosity, the way they walk and how they survive in harsh temperatures. I also saw elephant seals, which from the distance looked like rocks. I was also amazed at watching the amazing humpback whales (座头鲸) for the first time in my life.
After my nine?day trip, I boarded the Hercules to get back. I felt as if I had been on this trip forever because I had lost track of time and space. I also realized that this had been a magical trip.
25．What does the underlined part “the Hercules” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?
A．A ship. B．A plane.
C．A base. D．A city.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Then the plane took me and the others to Marambio base”以及“I was impressed by the ice around us”可推断，画线部分是作者他们乘坐的飞机。
26．What the scientists told the author about the ozone layer was ________.
A．interesting B．positive
C．concerning D．useless
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段的“I couldn't help feeling worried about the future of humans after I heard that.”可知，作者觉得这些信息很令人担忧。
27．What did the author do after he/she set foot in Antarctica?
A．He/She lived in an igloo.
B．He/She observed some penguins.
C．He/She saw some rocks.
D．He/She played with an elephant seal.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段的“I was allowed to get near the Antarctic animals. The penguins are my favorite”可知，作者在那里观察了一些企鹅。
28．The author most probably considered his/her trip to be ________.
A．disappointing B．relaxing
C．boring D．amazing
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I also realized that this had been a magical trip.”可知，作者认为这次旅行非常令人惊异。
C
“America is a nation of nations, made up of people from every land, of every race and practicing every faith. Our diversity is not a source of weakness; it is a source of strength; it is a source of our success，” said Colin Powell, the first black U．S. Secretary of State.
The people of the United States represent a display of ethnic (种族的), cultural and religious backgrounds, partly due to the successive waves of immigrants from around the world. And they have made great contributions to the diverse culture of the United States, which is the reason why the United States is often referred to as a “melting pot”. The United States has welcomed more immigrants than any other country — more than 50 million in all, and today welcomes almost 700,000 persons a year. Americans have necessarily placed great value on diversity; ethnic groups have renewed and celebrated their heritages (传统); the children of immigrants often grow up learning the languages, traditions and cultures of both their American and foreign heritages.
The diversity develops actively in areas such as faith, holiday, food and sports in America along with the increasing of immigrants, and further enriches our society and culture. But before this diversity of cultures found a home, the question certainly might have been asked, “Can a nation made up of such various backgrounds even hope to succeed？” As the American example shows, the answer is a completely “yes”．
The American experience owes its success to many factors (因素). Among them is, of course, the vision of the nation's founding fathers in establishing a government of, by and for the people. They provided a constitution (宪法) that guaranteed certain freedoms like freedom of speech and freedom of religion.
America's founders established a society that would hug diversity and celebrate the differences that various cultures would bring to the United States. However, as different as the many cultures, religions and ethnic backgrounds are, there are values that all share, such as education, family and charity. And those shared values which have contributed so much to the strength within America, also inform our efforts in reaching out and finding common ground with cultures from other shores.
语篇解读：随着越来越多的人移民美国，美国的多样性也在不断丰富，并因此被称为“大熔炉”。
29．What's the author's purpose in writing the first paragraph?
A．To show us the saying is very famous.
B．To explain the importance of the diversity.
C．To introduce the topic of the diversity in the US.
D．To describe how the diversity in the US shapes.
解析：选C 写作意图题。本文第一段引用美国第一位黑人国务卿科林·鲍威尔的话引出“美国的多样性”这个话题。
30．According to the passage, children of a Chinese?American family in the US may speak ________.
A．only Chinese
B．only English
C．both Chinese and English
D．only French
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the children of immigrants often grow up learning the languages, traditions and cultures of both their American and foreign heritages”可推断出美籍华人的子女既会说中文也会说英语。
31．What might be America's founders' attitude towards cultural differences in the US?
A．Supportive. B．Negative.
C．Disappointed. D．Unknown.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“America's founders established a society that would hug diversity and celebrate the differences that various cultures would bring to the United States.”可推断出美国的建立者们对美国的文化差异持支持态度。
D
When my friend put out the idea of homeschooling to her parents, the first reaction they gave was, “You are cutting the child off the world.” Did the child really get cut off or did the child socialize better?
The moment we hear of homeschooling, we think the child will have no opportunities to interact with peers. However, in my friend's opinion, we forget that when attending a regular school, the child is not into socializing all the while. The child is restricted to so many other activities. Studies take a major role in a child's life. The child hardly has the time to interact at school.
The child might be meeting and studying along with many peers; however, how many kids interact with all the kids in a class? But in homeschooling system, as my friend mentioned, the kid has all the time and can plan his day accordingly. During the day the child studies just like other school?going kids but with no burden of homework and project work, the child has so much free time in the evening as to effectively interact and play with peers. The quality time the child spends in education is really impressive.
Homeschooled kids have the opportunity to socialize more often as they have a lot of time in their hands. They can also make socializing a regular habit. Just as my friend said, her child goes to a neighboring park almost every day and has a set of friends who go there daily. Other children get back home to finish off homework and project work whereas her child who is already through with studies gets the opportunity to spend time with family members.
When I heard this, I really felt how lucky the child was. Definitely the child had a better opportunity to socialize when compared with my kid. However, I might not consider homeschooling for my kid, as I am so used to the conventional schooling system and feel regular schooling the safest bet.
语篇解读：作者朋友的孩子在家接受教育。虽然这种教育方式有很多好处，但是作者仍然不会考虑让自己的孩子也接受这种教育，因为作者认为传统的教育方式比较安全。
32．The author's purpose in writing the passage is to ________.
A．express his views on homeschooling
B．explain what homeschooling is
C．share his ways of teaching his children
D．promote homeschooling
解析：选A 写作意图题。文章由朋友提出让孩子在家接受教育这一想法展开，随后论述了孩子在家接受教育的利弊。由此可推知，作者写本文的目的是发表对这种教育方式的看法。
33．What is the author's attitude towards his friend's idea of homeschooling?
A．Surprised. B．Interested.
C．Confident. D．Negative.
解析：选D 观点态度题。虽然第三、四段都介绍了孩子在家接受教育的好处，但最后一段最后一句中作者点出不会考虑让自己的孩子接受这种教育，作者还是认为传统的教育比较可靠。由此可推知，作者对孩子在家接受教育的方式持否定态度。
34．What is the biggest advantage of homeschooled children?
A．They will become braver.
B．They can be more popular.
C．They can be better at socializing.
D．They will know how to arrange time.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句及第四段第一句可知，在家接受教育的孩子有更多时间来进行社交活动，他们会更善于社交，所以C项正确。
35．How does the passage mainly develop?
A．By following the order of importance.
B．By following the order of time.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By presenting facts.
解析：选C 写作手法题。第一段提出让孩子在家接受教育这一话题，接下来通过比较两种不同的教育方式(传统教育方式和在家教育方式)来进一步论述了孩子在家接受教育的利弊。因此，本文是通过进行对比的方式展开论述的。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Simple Anger Management Tips
When things or people act in a certain way that is unacceptable to you, you get angry. __36__ Here are some things you can do to manage anger.
Do not act when you are angry. To avoid regrets resulting from wrong actions, you must learn not to take action when you are angry. A lot of people have done things they regretted later because they acted in anger. __37__ So train yourself to be calm when you are angry.
Be silent until your anger dies down. Often you use words to express how you feel when you are angry. People have said things they didn't mean to say. Stay silent when you are angry, which shows you have self?control. __38__
Avoid people or issues that get you angry. Total avoidance is a very good strategy in managing anger. __39__ It is a good way of avoiding the negative outcomes of anger when there is little or nothing you can do to get rid of the source of your anger.
__40__ One good way to handle your anger is to find an exciting activity that you can join in. It could be listening to music, reading, seeing a movie or talking to someone. I have found this particular strategy very helpful. It may work for you as well.
A．Learn to accept what happened.
B．Engage in activities that you enjoy.
C．Practice staying quiet when you are angry.
D．It is quite necessary to find out whatever causes your anger.
E．Know the things that make you angry and move away from them.
F．It is important that you learn how to manage your emotions properly.
G．Anger pushes you to act without considering the consequences of your actions.
36．选F 选项F是一个过渡句。本段先提到愤怒情形的发生，接着说明控制愤怒情绪的重要性，然后点明本文的主旨，故选F。
37．选G 选项G承接上文说明在愤怒的情形下会不考虑后果而做出一些事情，同时也为下文说明愤怒时要保持镇定提供了原因，故选G。
38．选C 选项C与该段的首句相照应，对本段加以总结，选项C中的“quiet”与前面提到的“silent”相对应，故选C。
39．选E 选项E中提到的“move away”与上下文中的“avoidance”及“avoiding”相对应，这三个句子共同说明要避开令人愤怒的人或事，故选E。
40．选B 根据本段的内容可以概括出本段的主旨，即要让自己做自己喜欢做的事，这样就可以控制住愤怒的情绪，故选B。
第三部分 语言知识运用 (满分45分，限时30分钟)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I entered the Latin class as a high school freshman, I had no idea that the teacher would be one of the most influential people in my life. Miss Siegesmund __41__ out as a graceful lady, dressed __42__ in a colorful suit. Her dark brown hair shone like gold, and she was elegant.“__43__ are not supposed to be attractive.” I thought to myself. However, she proved to have a winning personality to __44__ her looks.
At first, I was so shy that I often crossed the street to __45__ talking to classmates and remained __46__ around others.My mother did not believe in praise as it would __47__ too much pride in myself.This strange __48__ had a negative influence on my childhood.
I __49__ in my Latin class as Miss Siegesmund believed in me.She listened to __50__ I said. Her Latin class was fun and stories from Roman history seemed to come __51__.She taught good study habits, and I received an A in every class. I __52__ participated in a speech contest before the entire student body. Can you imagine the __53__ I had made to arrive at that point？I __54__ third in the contest. Miss Siegesmund said, “You should have won. You were __55__！” I thought to myself, “She has so __56__ faith in me.” Soon, my high school days hit an even __57__ peak.
I think of myself as a little dove with a __58__ wing.My teacher became my __59__ on earth. She mended my wing and __60__ me to fly.I shall never forget her for she is one of the most influential people in my life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在高一时教我们拉丁语的西基斯蒙德小姐成了对我最富影响力的人之一。通过对我的鼓励，她把我从一个羞涩的小女孩变成了一个积极向上的自信的人。她是我的天使，她修复我的翅膀，使我展翅飞翔。
41．A.sang B．spoke
C．stood D．picked
解析：选C 西基斯蒙德小姐是一位引人注目的优雅的女士。stand out“引人注目，脱颖而出”；pick out“分辨出”。
42．A.fashionably B．fortunately
C．casually D．particularly
解析：选A 由空格后面的colorful可知，此处用fashionably“打扮得时髦”。fortunately“幸运地”； casually“随意地”； particularly“特别”。
43．A.Students B．Teachers
C．Classmates D．Freshmen
解析：选B 句意：教师不应该太引人注目。从上下文可知作者在谈论西基斯蒙德小姐，因此，此处选teachers。
44．A.match B．adjust
C．change D．ruin
解析：选A 句意：但是，她证明了她的迷人的个性与她的相貌相匹配。match“与……相匹配”。adjust“适应，调整”； change“改变”； ruin“破坏，毁灭”。
45．A.keep B．practice
C．enjoy D．avoid
解析：选D 句意：起先，我非常害羞，经常穿过马路避免和同学们说话，而且在其他人周围感到尴尬。keep“保持，保留”；practice“练习，实践”； enjoy“欣赏，喜欢”； avoid“避开，避免”。
46．A.disappointed B．embarrassed
C．delighted D．astonished
解析：选B 参见上题解析。disappointed“失望的，沮丧的”； embarrassed“尴尬的”； delighted“高兴的，快乐的”； astonished“惊讶的”。
47．A.result in B．make up
C．go with D．take out
解析：选A 句意：我妈妈不相信表扬的作用，因为表扬会使人骄傲。result in“导致，结果是”； make up“弥补，和解，编造”； go with“伴随”；take out“切除，发出”。
48．A.excuse B．cause
C．case D．belief
解析：选D 句意：这种奇怪的信念对我的童年产生了消极的影响。excuse“理由，辩解，借口”； cause“原因，理由”； case“情况”； belief“信念，信仰”。
49．A.changed B．suffered
C．relieved D．admitted
解析：选A 句意：我在西基斯蒙德小姐的拉丁课上发生了变化，因为她信赖我。change“改变，变化”； suffer“遭受，忍受”； relieve“减轻，解除”； admit“允许进入，承认”。
50．A.however B．whatever
C．whenever D．whichever
解析：选B 句意：无论我说什么她都倾听。say为及物动词，空白处需要代词作宾语。whatever“无论什么”； whichever“无论哪一个”。
51．A.simple B．true
C．alive D．lively
解析：选C 句意：她的拉丁课很有趣，出自罗马历史的故事变得鲜活。come alive“变得生动起来”。
52．A.hardly B．ever
C．even D．never
解析：选C 句意：我甚至在全校学生面前参加了演讲比赛。even“甚至”。
53．A.progress B．fortune
C．promise D．decision
解析：选A 句意：你能想象得到我在那方面所取得的进步吗？progress“进步，进展”； fortune“财富，运气”； promise“诺言，约定，允诺”； decision“决定”。
54．A.spoke B．placed
C．believed D．found
解析：选B 句意：在比赛中我获得了第三名。place“排名次”，place third“排名第三”。
55．A.realistic B．flexible
C．reliable D．fantastic
解析：选D 句意：你本应该获胜。你棒极了。realistic“现实的”； flexible“灵活的，可变通的”； reliable“可靠的，可信赖的”； fantastic“极好的”。
56．A.few B．much
C．little D．many
解析：选B 句意：她是那么信任我。have much faith in me“对我很信任”。
57．A.wider B．deeper
C．higher D．larger
解析：选C 句意：不久，我的高中时代再攀新高峰。
58．A.broken B．lost
C．fallen D．ruined
解析：选A 句意：我把自己当作折翅的雏鸽。broken“弄坏的”； lost“迷路的，丢失的”； fallen“落下的”； ruined“毁坏的，破坏的”。
59．A.mother B．model
C．aim D．angel
解析：选D 句意：我的老师成了我人世间的天使。angel“天使”。
60．A.applied B．drove
C．allowed D．informed
解析：选B 句意：她修复了我的翅膀并驱使我飞翔。apply“应用”； drive“推动，驱使”； allow“允许，给予”； inform“通知，通告”。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tom was from a poor family. He loved his mother very much. One year, his mother's birthday was getting close and he wanted to get her __61__ birthday gift. But he only had ten cents on him. What could he buy with just ten cents? __62__ he didn't know what he could buy, he walked into a store.
He looked around in the store but didn't find anything that just cost ten cents. Then the store __63__ (own), a middle?aged man, came to him and asked him what he wanted to buy. The boy told him he __64__ (look) for a birthday gift for his mother. He also told him he just had ten cents.
The man asked him to wait there for a moment. Then he came out __65__ a bunch of roses and told the boy it cost ten cents. The boy couldn't believe __66__ (he) ears. But the man gave the roses to him with a smile on his face. The boy __67__ (happy) left the store with the roses.
__68__ (look) at the boy's back, the man thought of the gift he __69__ (give) by a stranger when he was ten. It was a bunch of roses, too. He gave it to his mother as a birthday gift. Twenty years later, he finally __70__ (pass) it on.
61．________ 62.________ 63.________ 64.________
65．________ 66.________ 67.________ 68.________
69．________ 70.________
答案：61.a 62.Though 63.owner 64.was looking 65.with 66.his 67.happily 68.Looking 69.was given 70．passed
第四部分 写作 (满分35分，限时35分钟)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My uncle is a billionaire now. He had made our city a much good place than before. When he was young, he was just unknown worker who built houses. However, different from other who worked with him, he had a dream of make the city a better place. In order to achieve that, they kept gaining new knowledge. Final, he became a manager and later he started his own business. My uncle has been taught all of us a good lesson. We should dream big and work at it. Unless we don't do like that, we won't make any great achievements in all.
答案：第二句：had→has; good→better
第三句：just后加an
第四句：other→others; make→making
第五句：they→he
第六句：Final→Finally
第七句：去掉been
第九句：Unless→If; in→at
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是学校学生会主席李华。请你给在某大学任教的外籍教授Mr Brown写一封邀请函，邀请他来学校谈一谈文艺复兴时期的艺术作品。内容包括：
1．演讲时间：下周星期三下午2：30—4：30
2．演讲内容：
(1)文艺复兴时期的著名艺术家及其著名作品；
(2)如何欣赏这些著名作品；
(3)分享著名艺术家的故事。
3．表达你的希望。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Mr Brown，
We would like to invite you to give us a lecture about the world?famous artists and their masterpieces during the Renaissance next Wednesday afternoon.The lecture is due to begin at half past two and it will last for two hours in the afternoon.We would love to listen to your advice about how to appreciate those famous works.In addition, we would be very happy if you can share some life stories of the well?known artists with us.
It would be a great honor for us to listen to your lecture.We would be extremely grateful if you could spare us some time to give us the lecture.We are looking forward to your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua
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课时跟踪练(二) Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I was deeply disturbed (打扰) and depressed by the news that Tom hadn't won the game.
2．There's a great need for a new book on the subject (主题)．
3．Were it not for music, life would be dull (枯燥的)．
4．It is well known that alcoholic drink can have a bad effect (影响) on your body.
5．Your support has always given me added inspiration and motivation (动机)．
6．Demand for skilled (有技巧的，熟练的) workers is high; but there is no demand for unskilled ones.
7．The young writer learned a great deal from the works (著作) by masters in literature.
8．We were so worn out after the long walk in the sun that I suggested a rest in the shade (阴凉处)．
9．Basically (大致说来), I agree with your advice on the plan. But there are a few details I'd like to discuss with you.
10．The frontiers (新领域) of medical knowledge are being pushed forwards as time goes on.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He said he graduated from Oxford, while in the effect, he never went to college.去掉the
2．You'll find this map of great valuable in helping you to get round London.valuable→value或去掉of
3．She said to have been teaching English for over twenty years.said前加is
4．It is generally accepted that people motivated by success.motivated前加are
5．More than one person have made this suggestion.have→has
Ⅲ.选词填空
take effect， wake up， hand in hand， contrast with， in short， more than， as if， compared with
1.This idea hit me when I woke_up this morning.
2．In_short,_the solution to all our problems lies in economic development.
3．Compared_with a quite ordinary star, like the sun, the earth is small indeed.
4．What he did contrasted clearly with what he said.
5．The changes will not take_effect until the computer restarts.
6．The teachers and students are having a concert hand_in_hand.
7．She looked as_if nothing had happened to her.
8．It took them more_than one billion dollars to complete the project.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The Renaissance, a French word 1.meaning (mean) “rebirth”， first appeared in the English language in the 19th century. It described a period of 2.exploration (explore) and the beginning of the modern world. From Italy，it 3.spread (spread) all over Europe 4.where artists found new ideas for their work in classical Greece and Rome. They also opened new frontiers in the arts such as painters' use of perspective and the effects of light. The sense of exploration which 5.motivated (motivate) the artists also developed together 6.with a new type of philosophy. Besides, it was also a time of scientific 7.invention (invent), when Leonardo, the extraordinary genius, did a lot in the 8.scientific (science) research. 9.In short, the Renaissance made great 10.contributions (contribute) to the development of Europe.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
李老师不仅(more than)是我的老师，也是我的朋友。他经常激励(motivate)我努力学习。然而，我上次考试不及格，这使我感到不安(disturbed)，我也因此失眠。几天后，李老师叫我课后去他的办公室，在那儿，他并没有批评我而是帮助我分析如何改正错误(how to do)。我想有李老师帮助我，我下次考试能考得好一些。
Mr_Li_is_more_than_my_teacher,_he_is_also_my_friend.He_often_motivates_me_to_work_hard.However,_I_failed_in_the_last_exam,_which_made_me_disturbed_and_I_suffered_from_the_effects_of_little_sleep.A_few_days_later,_Mr_Li_asked_me_to_go_to_his_office_after_class,_where_he_didn't_criticize_me_but_helped_me_analyze_how_to_correct_my_mistakes.I_think_I_can_do_better_in_the_next_exam_with_Mr_Li_helping_me.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Thinking “Out of the Box”
Long ago in an Italian town, a merchant had the misfortune of owing much money to a moneylender. The moneylender，old and ugly, __1__ the merchant's beautiful daughter, so he put forward a bargain. He said he would __2__ the merchant's debt if he could marry the daughter. Both the merchant and his daughter were frightened by the __3__.
The moneylender said he would put a black and a white pebbles (石子) into a(n) __4__ bag. The girl would then have to __5__ one pebble from the bag. If she got the black pebble, she would become the moneylender's __6__ and her father's debt would be forgiven. If she got the white pebble, she needn't marry him and her father's debt would __7__ be forgiven. But if she __8__ to pick a pebble，her father would be thrown into prison.
As they walked, the moneylender __9__ to pick up two pebbles from the pebble?covered path. However, the sharp?eyed girl __10__ that he had put two black pebbles into the bag. He then __11__ the girl to pick her pebble from the bag.
The girl thought for a while and put her hand into the bag and __12__ a pebble. Without looking at it, she missed and let it __13__ the path where it immediately became __14__ among all the other pebbles.
“Oh, how __15__ of me，” she said. “But never mind. If you look into the bag for the one that is __16__， you will be able to __17__ which pebble I picked.”
Since the remaining pebble is black, it must be __18__ that she had picked the white one. Since the moneylender dared not admit his __19__， the girl changed what seemed an impossible situation into a(n) __20__ one by thinking about it in a different way.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述一位聪明的姑娘利用自己的智慧帮助父亲摆脱债务，也使自己免于不幸的故事。由此启发我们每个难题都有解决的办法，不过需要我们从另一个方面去思考。
1．A.believed B．attracted
C．employed D．fancied
解析：选D 根据下文“He said he would __2__ the merchant's debt if he could marry the daughter.”可知fancied(爱慕)符合语境。
2．A.meet B．forget
C．owe D．collect
解析：选B 根据下文中“her father's debt would __7__ be forgiven (她父亲的债务会被豁免)”可知forget符合语境。
3．A.suggestion B．argument
C．blame D．challenge
解析：选A 根据语境，商人和他的女儿都对放债者的提议感到害怕。上文中的“put forward a bargain”也有提示。
4．A.beautiful B．expensive
C．magical D．empty
解析：选D 下文提到：放到袋子里的石子有两个，剩下的那个是“黑的”，掉到地上的那个就是“白的”。由此判断在装入两个石子之前，袋子是空的。
5．A.pick B．change
C．recognize D．buy
解析：选A 从下文叙述的故事来看，放债者让商人的女儿从袋子中“取出”了一块石子，而非变换或辨认等。
6．A.sister B．friend
C．relative D．wife
解析：选D 上文提到放债者要商人的女儿嫁给他，所以如果拿到了黑石子，就要成为他的妻子。
7．A.still B．thus
C．even D．again
解析：选A 下文的But与上文两个If开头的句子是转折关系。两个If开头的句子之间为并列关系，且有“her father's debt would __7__ be forgiven”可知此处填still。
8．A.regretted B．tried
C．hoped D．refused
解析：选D 放债者提出的交易包含三个方面，此处描述的是“拒绝”取石子的情况。如果她拒绝取石子，她的父亲就会被送进监狱。
9．A.stood up B．went forward
C．bent over D．sat down
解析：选C 上文的“As they walked”以及后面的“pick up”可以判断：放债者“俯身”拾起两个石子来。
10．A.guessed B．noticed
C．understood D．predicted
解析：选B 结合故事情境，根据上文的sharp?eyed判断，女孩“发现”放债者拾起两个黑石子来，故选noticed。
11．A.asked B．preferred
C．helped D．led
解析：选A 放债者要求女孩取石子。
12．A.threw away B．turned over
C．drew out D．pointed at
解析：选C 和上文的“put her hand into the bag”对比，此处指从袋子里“取出”一个石子。
13．A.fall onto B．move off
C．slide into D．roll along
解析：选A 从下文的故事发展来看，石子掉到路面上，和其他的石子混合在了一起，故用“fall onto”。
14．A.white B．distinct
C．lost D．common
解析：选C 石子落到地面的石子堆里，当然看不到掉下去的是哪一个。lost最符合语境。
15．A.ridiculous B．clumsy
C．fortunate D．disappointed
解析：选B 女孩故意说自己“笨拙(clumsy)”，把挑出的石子“掉到了地上”。
16．A.left B．wanted
C．chosen D．discovered
解析：选A 此处是女孩告诉放债者，“如果你看看袋子里剩下的那块石子，就能知道我取出的是哪块石子了。”
17．A.doubt B．tell
C．remember D．explain
解析：选B tell意为“辨识，区别”，含有推理判断得出结论的意义，符合语境。
18．A.expected B．appointed
C．guaranteed D．assumed
解析：选D assumed表示通过“假定”得出某结论，符合语境。
19．A.dishonesty B．anxiety
C．uncertainty D．puzzle
解析：选A 根据整个故事情节，尤其是放债者自己提出的“建议”和“装入两个黑石子”的行为判断，这位放债者“不诚实”，而此时他是不敢承认的。
20．A.serious B．adventurous
C．advantageous D．dangerous
解析：选C 和上文的impossible一词比较，此处选用advantageous表示把不利形势变成了对女孩有利的形势。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Children's Center lies in east of Shanghai. It covers an area of 80,000 square meters and contain a number of magnificent buildings. Among the park's trees there are a science hall, an art centre, a gym, a colorful greenhouse, a music fountain, a children's bookstore and various entertainment equipment.
Since it was set up ten years ago, the Children's Center has received over 10 millions visitors both from Shanghai and from other part of the country. Every Sunday morning, children gather at the center. There are too many of them that they crowd the park's equipment. Climbing here and there, they fill the park in their laughter. How I wish that every city has such an fine Children's Center for kids.
答案：第一句：in后加the
第二句：contain→contains
第三句：are→is; music→musical
第四句：millions→million; part→parts
第六句：too→so
第七句：in→with
第八句：has→had; an→a
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课时跟踪练(三) Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The beggar sat outside the building asking passersby (过路人) for money.
2．He sought (寻求) every opportunity to find the job he had wanted.
3．The rural (乡村的) scenery was so beautiful that he decided to stay one more week.
4．The few hours I spent in the library had brought back my old passion (激情) for reading.
5．He's in debt (债务) to the bank because he bought that big house.
6．She counts among the most gifted (有天赋的) of the current generation of composers.
7．When a child has become conditioned to life in a city, he may feel quite at a loss (损失) in any other environment.
8．Being a doctor is the favorite profession (职业) I have been looking forward to.
9．I feel nervous about the outcome(结果) of the experiment.
10．A knowledge of economics is fundamental (基础) to any understanding of this problem.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Depend on that we won't give up.on后加it
2．Tom hasn't finished his paper yet; so has his twin brother.so→neither
3．We were ready to take the blame of what had happened.of→for
4．After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took in a job in the countryside.第二个in→up
5．The police appealed the public to be alert to burglar at night.appealed后加to
Ⅲ.选词填空
in history， leave for， leave behind， on behalf of， at liberty， up to， in debt， take over， lead to， get tired of
1.You are not at_liberty to leave without permission.
2．The Olympics were not held because of world wars for 3 times in_history.
3．If you don't keep up with the times, you'll get left_behind.
4．The path led_to a tiny village situated on the steep sides of a mountain.
5．She is going to speak on_behalf_of the manager, for he is abroad.
6．We left_for the station so early as to catch the first train.
7．When he retired, his eldest son took_over the company.
8．If she isn't up_to the job, she'll just have to leave.
9．If you get_tired_of working there, you can come to my company.
10．You will end up in_debt if you keep on spending money like that.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He is a university student and majors in chemistry.So it is with his younger brother.
2．His wonderful performances appeal to all ages and social groups in China.
3．The sudden weather change led to the delay of the project and great losses.
4．What made my sister upset was that up to five hundred graduates had applied the job she wanted.
5．Basically (basic), he is a student who is outgoing and friendly.
6．We have taken effective (effect) measures to preserve our natural resources.
7．The company is fortunate to have such highly skilled (skill) workers.
8．The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.
9．This disturbing (disturb) news really upset me so that I couldn't sleep well.
10．This is just what we have long sought (seek) for.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I hope that all the people can live a healthy life for_all_time (永远)．
2．It has been found that smoking does have_an_effect_on_the_health (对健康有影响) of the smokers.
3．Many people are_said_to_be_infected_with_diseases (据说被疾病感染) involved with pollution.
4．It depends_on (取决于) whether they have enough experience.
5．The police appealed_to_people_to_drive_slowly (呼吁人们开得慢点) during the rush hours.
6．Never get_tired_of_doing_little_things (厌烦做小事) for others. Sometimes those things occupy the biggest part of their hearts.
7．I have to delete some useless files, because the new files will_take_up_a_lot_of_disk_space (将会占去磁盘许多空间)．
8．The discovery of new evidence led_to_the_thief_being_caught (导致窃贼被抓了)．
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It is a tiny portrait of one of the most powerful women of the Renaissance.And for more than 50 years the old BBC journalist Charles Wheeler kept the picture of Eleonora of Toledo on his bookshelf.
But yesterday Wheeler returned the painting to Berlin's Gem?ldegalerie after discovering that it was a priceless original looted (掠夺) from the museum during the Second World War, not a copy as he had thought.
Wheeler, 83, acquired the 16th?century portrait by the Florentine artist Alessandro Allori from a German farmer who dropped in to the BBC's West Berlin office.“It was 1952.At the time people could move freely between East and West，” he said yesterday.“We were doing a programme called Letters Without Signature, where people living in the eastern zone could write a letter.The farmer reached into his pocket, took out a brown envelope and said it was a wedding present for me.” The farmer claimed he had got it from a Russian soldier in exchange for two sacks of potatoes to make vodka.Over the next 50?plus years Wheeler, one of the BBC's most distinguished foreign journalists, took the miniature (小画像) with him.“I was burgled four times over the years，” he said.“People were always taking my TV and radio.But they ignored the painting.”
It was only last year while making a BBC radio series on missing art that Wheeler realised the painting could have been stolen.After contacting the London?based Commission for Looted Art in Europe the work was swiftly identified as a minor masterpiece and returned yesterday to Berlin's picture gallery, where it was last seen in 1939.
Yesterday Anne Webber, co?chair of the commission, hailed (赞扬) the work as one of the “earliest diplomatic portraits of a woman”. “It's a charming painting，” she said.The miniature depicts (描绘) Eleonora of Toledo，whose husband Cosimo de Medici was one of Renaissance Italy's most powerful men.
语篇解读：一位记者得到一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位妇女的画像，但他以为是复制品，因此并没有在意。在保存了50多年以后，他最后得知画像是柏林艺术馆在二战中被盗的真品，于是他把这幅画归还给了该艺术馆。
1．Charles Wheeler kept the miniature on his bookshelf because________.
A．he thought it was of little value
B．he thought it would be safer there
C．he liked the picture very much
D．he wanted it to be seen by others
解析：选A 细节理解题。从第二段的“not a copy as he had thought”可知，这位BBC记者本来以为这是一件复制品，并没有重视。
2．The miniature was probably taken from the Berlin's picture gallery by________.
A．a burglar B．a German farmer
C．a Russian soldier D．a worker at the gallery
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第三段可知，这幅画是一个德国农民从一个俄国士兵手中用两袋土豆换来的。由此可以推断，该画很可能在战乱中落入一个俄国士兵手中。
3．In what way is the miniature considered to be priceless?
A．It survived the Second World War.
B．It depicts a powerful woman of the Renaissance.
C．It is a masterpiece by a famous artist in Germany.
D．It was painted more than 50 years ago.
解析：选B 推理判断题。从第一段和最后一段可知，这是一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位重要妇女的画像，它具有重大意义。
4．From the passage we can learn________.
A．the painting was drawn by a woman of the Renaissance
B．Allori gave the journalist the painting as a wedding present
C．Charles Wheeler has kept the painting for over 50 years
D．Eleonora of Toledo was one of the most powerful men in Italy
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段中的倒数第三句话可知，他保存这幅画已经50多年了。
Ⅱ.语法填空
I was able to experience the real Corsica (科西嘉岛) through the generosity of complete strangers. It was my last day in Corsica, and I had woken up early __1__ (catch) the 6 a．m. sunrise at the pier (码头). As I walked back into the town, I saw an old woman and __2__ (hear) her shouting，“Do you want to come up？”
Without hearing my response, she repeated __3__ (loud) the invitation in broken English, and then shouted out her door code. I went to her apartment later and we chatted __4__ a while. She introduced herself as Marie, and when I told her I was flying out that evening, she said，“Ah! But you will still be here for lunch？”
So at 12 o'clock, I found myself at the bar underneath her apartment, where I then spent the afternoon drinking wines, __5__ (eat) fantastic homemade Corsican food, and laughing with Marie's rude __6__ friendly, Corsican fishermen friends.
These men were regular __7__ (customer); this lunchtime meeting was a daily routine and they accepted me as __8__ member of the bar family. When I eventually had to leave, Marie gave me a bottle of wine, __9__ was made by herself.
Without doubt, meeting with Marie that early morning had led to a __10__ (wonder) experience that I would never forget.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
语篇解读：作者在科西嘉岛旅行的最后一天感受到了当地人的热情，为这次旅行画上了一个圆满的句号。
1．to catch 这里用带to的动词不定式作状语表示目的。
2．heard and前后句子的时态一致，根据前面的“I saw an old woman” 可知此空需填hear的过去式 heard。
3．loudly 此空所填的词修饰前面的动词repeated，副词修饰动词，因此应该填loud的副词形式loudly。
4．for for a while意为“一会儿”。
5．eating and连接三个并列的动词短语作spent的宾语补足语。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。
6．but 此空前面的rude和空格后的friendly词义相反，所以此空需填but表转折。
7．customers 根据前面的“These men”可知主语为复数，所以此空需填customers。
8．a a member of 意为“……的一员”。
9．which which在这里引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的a bottle of wine。
10．wonderful 根据文章大意可知这是一次美好且难忘的经历。
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课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in Caprese, Italy on March 6,1475.He was still young when his family moved to Florence where Michelangelo grew up. His mother died when he was only six years old. Growing up in Florence during the Italian Renaissance was the perfect stage of young Michelangelo's life. Even as a child all he wanted to do was painting and to be an artist.
At the age of thirteen, he went to learn from Domenico Ghirlandaio, who was not only a painter but also an artist. Michelangelo's talents became apparent as he worked for Domenico. Within a year or so Domenico sent him to the powerful Medici family to continue his training under the sculptor (雕刻家) Bertoldo di Geovanni. Michelangelo was able to work with some of the finest artists and philosophers of the time. During the next few years, Michelangelo produced many famous sculptures including Madonna of the Steps, Battle of the Centaurs and Bacchus.
In 1496 Michelangelo moved to Rome. A year later he was asked to make a sculpture called The Pieta. It would become one of the masterpieces of Renaissance art. Today this sculpture sits in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. It is the only piece of art that Michelangelo signed.
Michelangelo's fame (名声) as a great artist began to grow. He returned to Florence and was asked to create a large statue of David. It took him a couple of years to finish the giant statue. The piece of marble (大理石) he began with was very tall and thin. Many people didn't think he could do much with it. He worked without letting anyone see it until it was finished. David became Michelangelo's most famous work of art. It is thirteen feet tall and is the largest statue made since Ancient Rome. It is considered by many experts in art to be a nearly perfect sculpture. Today the statue sits at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, Italy.
语篇解读：米开朗基罗·博那罗蒂是意大利文艺复兴时期著名的艺术家，本文向我们介绍了一些他的生平事迹。
1.What can we learn about Michelangelo as a young child?
A．He lived a very hard life.
B．He showed great interest in art.
C．He wanted to go to Florence very much.
D．He didn't have much time to learn painting.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Even as a child all he wanted to do was painting and to be an artist.”可推断，米开朗基罗小时候就对艺术很感兴趣。
2．Michelangelo was sent to work under the sculptor Bertoldo di Geovanni most probably because________.
A．Michelangelo had lost his interest in painting
B．Domenico didn't think Michelangelo had a gift for painting
C．Bertoldo di Geovanni offered to show Michelangelo sculptures
D．Domenico wanted Michelangelo to make better use of his gift there
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Michelangelo's talents became apparent as he worked ... the sculptor (雕刻家) Bertoldo di Geovanni.”可推断，多梅尼科是为了米开朗基罗能更好地利用自己的天赋才把他送到Bertoldo di Geovanni 那里去工作的。
3．What sculpture by Michelangelo will you see in St.Peter's Basilica?
A．Bacchus.
B．The Pieta.
C．Madonna of the Steps.
D．Battle of the Centaurs.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“A year later he was asked to make a sculpture called The Pieta. It would become one of the masterpieces of Renaissance art. Today this sculpture sits in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.”可知，B项符合题意。
4．When Michelangelo began his work on creating a large statue of David, many people________.
A．couldn't wait to make fun of his work
B．thought he would finish it within months
C．knew it would be his most famous work of art
D．didn't think he would make good use of it
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Many people didn't think he could do much with it.”可知，一开始很多人认为那块大理石不适合雕刻那个作品。
B
Leonardo da Vinci, the son of a local lawyer, was born on 15 April 1452 near the Tuscan town of Vinci. He was apprenticed (做学徒) to the sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence and in 1478 became an independent master. In about 1483, he moved to Milan to work for the ruling (统治的) Sforza family as an engineer, sculptor, painter and architect.
Leonardo was in Milan until the city was invaded by the French in 1499 and the Sforza family was forced to flee. He may have visited Venice before returning to Florence. During his time in Florence, he painted several portraits, but the only one that survives is the famous portrait — the Mona Lisa (1503－1506).
In 1506, Leonardo returned to Milan, staying there until 1513.This was followed by three years living in Rome. In 1517, at the invitation of the French King Francis Ⅰ， Leonardo moved to the Chateau of Cloux, near Amboise in France, where he died on 2 May, 1519.
The fame of Leonardo's surviving paintings means that he has been regarded primarily as an artist, but the thousands of surviving pages of his notebooks show the most brilliant mind. He wrote and drew on subjects including geology, anatomy (解剖学), which he studied in order to paint the human form more exactly. He “invented” the bicycle, airplane, helicopter, and parachute some 500 years ahead of their time.
If all these works had been published in an understandable form, Leonardo's place as a pioneering scientist would have been beyond debate. Yet his true genius was not as a scientist or an artist, but as a combination of the two: an artist?engineer. His painting was scientific, based on a deep understanding of the workings of the human body and the physics of light and shade. His science was expressed through art, and his drawings and diagrams showed what he meant, and how he understood the world worked.
5．Leonardo's career reached its peak probably during his stay in ________.
A．Milan B．Venice
C．Florence D．Rome
解析：选C 推理判断题。从第二段最后一句可知，达·芬奇在佛罗伦萨期间创作了很多绘画，其中留下来的只有《蒙娜·丽莎》，由此推断，这个时期是他事业的巅峰。
6．Why did Leonardo study anatomy?
A．He wanted to be a doctor.
B．He had strong interest in it.
C．He wanted to invent other objects.
D．He wanted to paint the human form exactly.
解析：选D 细节理解题。从倒数第二段可知，达·芬奇研究解剖学的目的是为了更加精确地描绘人体。
7．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us?
A．Leonardo had a special way of painting.
B．Leonardo was both an artist and a scientist.
C．Leonardo was an artist instead of a scientist.
D．Leonardo was more of a scientist than an artist.
解析：选B 段落大意题。综合文章最后一段，本段主要强调达·芬奇是画家和科学家的融合，既是画家也是科学家。
C
In the later half of the 13th century, a new trend of fine arts appeared in the central part of Italy with Florence as its centre, representing the change from fine arts of Middle Ages to Renaissance art.
At that time, Florence school became the main stream of fine arts.The 14th century saw the birth of a great artist — Giotto.His art bore a striking tendency of Realism.For most people Giotto_is_the_first_name_in_European_painting_since_antiquity. That he had breathed fresh life into painting was recognised by people of the day, and later by Ghiberti and Vasari.
Before Giotto, painting was still considered a “mechanical” art.Giotto came to occupy a position of great respect in Florence.Though he was employed by the Bardi and Peruzzi families, owners of the most important European banking houses of the day, he never limited his activity to Florence, and prestigious (声望很高的) commission in other parts of Italy kept him on the move frequently.At a time when Italy's flourishing economy made every Italian city an independent cultural and artistic centre, Giotto went beyond regional barriers and the effect of his art was felt throughout the peninsula (半岛).
In his lifetime Giotto has raised painting to a prestigious level among the arts, to such a high level that it influenced sculpture.Italian painting can be said to have changed greatly with the appearance of Giotto than ever before.The motivation Giotto gave to the arts was so great that it determined the fate of European painting.By the middle of the fourteenth century Europe had already become aware of Giotto's new ideas, which agreed with the growing secular tendency in European society.
语篇解读：乔托——意大利杰出的画家，被认定是意大利文艺复兴时期的开创者，被誉为“欧洲绘画之父”。
8．Before the later half of the 13th century________.
A．fine arts of Middle Ages was the main stream
B．Renaissance art was the main stream
C．Florence school began to disappear
D．Giotto became a great artist
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，13世纪后半期，美术发生了很大的变化，从中世纪美术向文艺复兴美术转变。由此可判断出在13世纪前半期，中世纪美术为主流。故答案为A。
9．What does the author mean by saying “Giotto is the first name in European painting since antiquity” in Paragraph 2?
A．Giotto is the artist's first name.
B．Giotto is the man who started European painting.
C．Giotto is the most important painter in Europe since antiquity.
D．Giotto is the name of a most famous European painting.
解析：选C 句意理解题。从第二段看出，本段讲述这位艺术家的巨大成就，而题目中的这句话正好支持这段的主题。所以这句话就是为了表明他在绘画界的地位。
10．From the third paragraph we can learn________.
A．Giotto thought painting was a “mechanical” art
B．Giotto didn't get great respect in Florence
C．Giotto owned European banking houses
D．Giotto's art affected the whole Italy
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“...the effect of his art was felt throughout the peninsula (半岛)”可知，他的艺术作品影响了整个意大利半岛。
11．The main theme of the passage probably is________.
A．the Renaissance in Italy
B．Giotto, a great artist
C．Florence school
D．fine arts of Middle Ages
解析：选B 主旨大意题。纵览全文可以看出本文是一篇人物介绍的文章，所以主题应是B项“乔托——一位伟大的艺术家”。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Credit card debts, loans and overdrawn (透支) accounts — these are costly mistakes you don't want your children to make when they grow up. __1__ According to Mylene Lopa, a chief marketing officer of Sun Life Financial, you should teach your kids about money as early as possible. Start simple and expose them to the following basic concepts.
Spending
Giving your children some pocket money is a good way to teach them how to be responsible. “The money should just be enough to buy them a treat, like a juice or a biscuit. It's for practice more than anything，” Mylene says. __2__ Tell your kid he will get a reward if he saves some of that money.
Saving
__3__ They are always cute and colorful, making saving a fun and positive activity for kids. Encourage your children further by bringing them to the bank and showing them how to manage their savings themselves.“It makes them feel more grown?up and they love it，” says Mylene.
Earning
For children, earning usually comes in the form of gifts they receive for good grades or behavior. __4__ “Material rewards should be saved for even greater achievements，” Mylene advises, “like if they top the class or they really go beyond the call of duty to help.” This may let your children know making money is not so easy.
Along with these basic concepts, another way to teach kids about money is being a good example. __5__ It's hard to teach kids about saving if they see you splurging (挥霍) and borrowing all the time.
A．Be careful when giving them.
B．Buy your children moneyboxes.
C．Make it clear what items the money is for.
D．Set up a fund for your children when they get older.
E．Tell your children to pay a visit to the bank frequently.
F．Teaching your children about money will help them form good habits in life.
G．Avoid borrowing money from other people and use your credit card responsibly.
1．选F 该空前一句内容说的是花钱的一些坏习惯和一些错误的做法。空格后说你应该尽早教孩子一些有关钱的知识，可知此句承上启下，指教孩子了解钱有助于他们养成好的习惯。
2．选C 选项C中的“the money”指的是上文中的“pocket money”。给孩子零花钱，并告知他们这些钱的用途。
3．选B 根据下一句“They are always cute and colorful, making saving a fun and positive activity for kids.”可知此处指为孩子买存钱罐。
4．选A 上一句说孩子挣的钱大多来源于表现好的奖励，下一句又说物质奖励应该等到孩子有更大的成就时再给，可知此句应为句意的转折，意为给孩子奖励时要小心。
5．选G 根据上文“... another way to teach kids about money is being a good example.”可知此处举例说明怎样为孩子做好榜样。
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