3 Foreign Food
The United Kingdom (UK) is located in the west of the mainland of Europe. Farmers in this country produce about 60 percent of the food the UK needs. From 1980－1990, farmers used machines to plant and harvest crops. The productivity (生产力) of UK farms increased by about 10 percent during that period. More farmers would raise animals rather than plant crops. Some of the world's best beef and lamb is produced in the UK.
The UK consists of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Each region has its own special cuisine. The English cooking style didn't use many spices and was sometimes criticized for its taste. During the 1700s and 1800s, English explorers and colonists traded and developed settlements (居留地) in the Caribbean region, Asia, Africa, and North America. The English were influenced by the cultures of their colonies, so English cooking began to use new spices and cooking techniques learned from countries like India.
Throughout the UK, meat pie is popular. It combines ground meat, vegetables, and potatoes inside it. Other popular meals are fish and chips. They are popular take?out foods. At around 4 p．m., people in the UK traditionally took a break for tea. Traditional “high tea” included formal preparation of tea, accompanied finger food, like cucumber sandwiches. People living in the modern UK are sometimes too busy to have a break for traditional high tea, but most people still stop their work activities for a tea break at around 4 p．m. Tea and cookies are the common food for this break.
Traditionally, the British eat four meals a day, including breakfast, lunch, tea, and dinner. The traditional breakfast includes eggs, sausage, mushrooms, tomatoes, and fried bread. However, many English people now have no time to cook such breakfast, and just eat a wheat cereal. In casual conversations, the British use the term “pudding (布丁)” in a general way to refer to dessert, even if the dessert served is not pudding.
Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre?reading
[原文呈现]
Passage 1
Chinese people think a lot about food. In fact, I think that they are sometimes obsessed① with it. My first experience of this aspect② of Chinese culture came at a banquet③during a trip to Beijing in 1998. I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be. The first six or seven dishes④ seemed to fill the table, with plates dangerously balanced⑤ one on top of another⑥. I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served⑦， and I started eating greedily⑧. Everyone else⑨ just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks⑩ down, continuing to chat?. “They can't have very big appetites，” I thought.
To my surprise?， more dishes arrived, plus soups, side dishes, and desserts?. There was enough to feed a whole army. No wonder? my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish; they knew what was still to come. But I was already so full that I could only watch as the banquet continued?.
[读文清障]
①obsess/?b'ses/v.使着迷 be obsessed with/by着迷于
②aspect n．方面 ③banquet/'b??kwIt/n.宴会
④dish/dI?/n.一道菜
⑤balance v．使保持平衡，立稳
balance ... on ...把……平稳地放在……上面
⑥with plates ...是with复合结构，在句中作状语。
⑦to be served是动词不定式的被动式作后置定语，修饰dishes，表示将来的动作。
⑧greedily/'gri?dIli/adv.贪婪地
greed n．贪心，贪婪 greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的
⑨everyone else其他人，else修饰不定代词或不定副词时，必须后置。
⑩chopstick/'t??p?stIk/n.(常复)筷子
a pair of chopsticks一双筷子
?continuing to chat是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
?to one's surprise使某人吃惊的是
若修饰此类短语，可在to前面加上much或greatly。
?dessert/dI'z??t/n.甜食 desert n．沙漠v.遗弃，擅离
?no wonder难怪 It's no wonder that ...难怪……
?本句是so ... that ...结构，句中as引导了一个时间状语从句。
第一篇
[第1～2段译文]
中国人对食物想法颇多。事实上，我觉得他们有时候对此到了痴迷的程度。我第一次体验中国文化的这一方面是于1998年在北京旅游时的一次宴会上。我以前也经常吃中餐，但从没有想到真正的中式宴席会那么丰盛。首先上来的六七个菜好像就已经填满了桌子，盘子都很危险地交互摞着。我以为这么多的食物就是所有要上的菜了，便开始贪婪地吃起来。其他的人都只是对每个菜尝了一点儿，然后放下筷子继续聊天。我想：“他们可能胃口不好。”
使我惊奇的是，更多的菜又被端上来了，加上汤、小菜及甜点，这些菜够一整个军队的人吃了。怪不得跟我一起的客人们每道菜也就浅尝几口；他们知道还有什么菜要上呢。但是我已经吃得太饱了，以至于宴席还继续着的时候我只有看的份儿了。
Another aspect of “food culture” is that the Chinese seem to eat almost every part of every animal? — much to the horror of? many westerners. Stomach, intestines?， ears, tongue?， tail, hoof?， and lungs are all likely to end up on the dinner table in front of you. The first time I saw a three?year?old kid cheerfully chewing a chicken's head I had bad dreams for weeks.
These days I enjoy that sort of food myself. On a recent trip to the United States I suddenly felt like some Chinese delicacies， and asked the guy at the meat counter of a supermarket, “Do you have pigs' ears？” “No，” he said, pulling at his own ear， “just these ordinary ones.” He must have thought I was joking.
However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to accept. The infamous choudoufu is an example. (The name says it all: “stinky tofu”．) Just when I got used to it， I found another variety on a trip to Hunan: deep?fried choudoufu, a horrible black substance that looked and smelled about as appetising as a burnt tennis shoe. Maybe I'll get used to that, too — someday.
?that ... every animal是表语从句。
?much to the horror of sb.令某人深感恐怖的是
?intestine/In'testIn/n.(常复)肠
?tongue/t??/n.舌头 ?hoof/hu?f/n.(猪、牛等的)蹄
end up结束；(尤指经历一系列意料之外的事情后)最终处于……end ... with以……结束……
the first time是名词词组，起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。
chew/t?u?/v.咀嚼
on a trip to在去……的旅行中
feel like想要(后接动名词形式)
delicacy/'delIk?si/n.佳肴，珍馐
pulling at his own ear是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
must have thought“一定认为”，表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
that引导的定语从句，修饰foods。
infamous/'Inf?m?s/adj.臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的
get used to习惯于 be used to do被用来做
be/get/become used to doing习惯于做
when I got used to it是时间状语从句。
appetising/'?p??taIzI?/adj.开胃的，增进食欲的
that引导的定语从句，修饰substance。
someday adv.(将来)有一天 one day(过去或将来)有一天
[第3～5段译文]
?中国?“饮食文化”的另外一方面是中国人似乎会食用几乎所有动物的任一部位——这令很多西方人深感恐怖。胃、肠子、耳朵、舌头、尾巴、蹄子以及肺都可能在你面前的餐桌上被消灭掉。我第一次看到一个三岁的孩子欢快地嚼着一个鸡头时，我做了好几周的噩梦。
如今我自己也喜欢上了那类食物。在最近一次到美国的旅行中，我突然想吃一些中国的美味，然后就问一家超市里卖肉的柜台前的一个小伙子：“你这儿有猪耳朵吗？”“没有，”他拽着自己的耳朵说，“只有这些普通的。”他肯定以为我在开玩笑。
然而，也有一些食物让我花了更长的时间才接受得了。“臭名昭著”的臭豆腐就是一个例子。?从名字上就全看出来了：“发臭的豆腐”。?就在我刚刚习惯了它的味道的时候，我在到湖南的一次旅行中又发现了另外一种：油炸臭豆腐，令人恐怖的黑乎乎的一团，看起来、闻起来都像是一只烧焦了的网球鞋。或许有那么一天我也会习惯吃它的。
Passage 2
The first time I ate British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher. Some people just sat down on the sofa to eat. I was amazed at① their easy and graceful manner② while③ I stood there feeling somewhat confused by the food④. At the counter there were colourful mixtures in eight or nine big boxes. It was quite hard to make out⑤ what they contained.⑥ The waiter put these foods inside bread or potatoes according to people's requirements⑦. I still remember what I ate: a tuna⑧ fish and cheese sandwich. It didn't actually taste bad, but to me the cold fish, cold cheese, and even the bread from the fridge, was a meal that would make you feel cold inside⑨. Later, I found out⑩ that British people like cold food. Their salad, for example, is made from? vegetables which are only washed before serving?， while Chinese food is prepared more carefully. The Chinese have a fixed? phrase “cold leftovers”. Cold food means poverty — you don't give it to a guest! No wonder westerners like Chinese food.
①be amazed at因……而惊讶
amazing adj.令人惊讶的
②manner/'m?n?/n.方式；方法
good/bad manners有/没有礼貌
③while在此处表示对比。
④feeling ... the food是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
⑤make out看出，理解
⑥It was quite hard to make out ...中it是形式主语，真正的主语是“to make out ...”。
⑦requirement/rI'kwaI?m?nt/n.要求
后跟同位语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用“(should＋)动词原形”。
⑧tuna/'tju?n?/n.金枪鱼
⑨that would make you feel cold inside是定语从句，修饰a meal。
⑩find out发现，弄明白
?be made from由……制成(看不出原材料)
be made of由……制成(能看出原材料)
be made into被制成……
?which are only washed before serving是定语从句，修饰vegetables。
?fixed/fIkst/adj.固定的
第二篇
[第1段译文]
我第一次吃英国食物是在一家伦敦出版社的餐厅。有些人就坐在沙发上吃着自己的食物。我惊讶于他们闲适优雅的举止，而我却站在那儿对他们的食物感到有些茫然。柜台前的八九个大盒子里装着各色的混在一起的东西。很难弄清楚它们究竟是什么做的。服务人员按照各人的要求往面包或者土豆里面塞入这些食物。我仍然记得我吃的东西：一条金枪鱼和奶酪三明治。味道确实不错，但是冰冷的金枪鱼，冰冷的奶酪，甚至连面包也是刚从冰箱里拿出来的，这些让我知道一顿饭居然可以让人吃得透心凉。后来，我发现英国人喜欢吃冷食。比如，他们做沙拉的蔬菜只是在上菜前洗一洗，然而中国的食物却要准备得更精细。中国人有个成语叫“残羹冷炙”。冷菜冷饭意味着贫穷——你是不会用它来招待客人的！怪不得西方人喜欢中国食物。
I also learned that the English like to mix food before serving it at the table. I once ordered mushroom? soup in a restaurant and was astonished when it was brought to the table. It seemed to be just a bowl of grey liquid and it was only after I had tasted it that? I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms. The things inside sandwiches and baked potatoes are also various kinds of mashed? food, like the fillings? of jiaozi in Beijing. The food here goes against? the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table. Chinese dishes can be photographed? and have a nice appearance. We would never mash food into an unrecognisable? shape.
What's more， the names of many kinds of English food are hard to remember. In fact, they often use French or Italian words. But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat, even if it is just a potato.
?mushroom/'m??ru?m/n.蘑菇
?it was ... that ...是强调句，强调时间状语only after I had tasted it。
?mash/m??/v.捣烂，捣成泥状
?filling/'fIlI?/n.馅
?go against违反，与……不符
?can be photographed是含情态动词的被动语态。
?unrecognisable/?n'rek?g?naIz?bl/adj.无法辨认的
what's more此外，而且
be hard to remember很难记住
do用来强调动词，常译为“确实，的确”。
[第2～3段译文]
我还知道了英国人喜欢搅拌食物，然后再端上桌。一次我在饭店里点了蘑菇汤，刚端上桌来的时候吓了我一跳。看上去那只是一碗灰色的汤，我尝了一下后才知道那确实是用蘑菇做的。夹在三明治和烤土豆里面的东西也都是各种捣烂的食物，和北京的饺子馅儿很相似。这里的饮食跟中国人在餐桌上的美学原则大相径庭。中国菜外观非常好看，可以拍照。我们永远不会把食物捣成一种无法辨认的形状。
此外，许多种英国菜的名字也很难记住。事实上，它们经常使用法文或者意大利文。但是的确让我非常佩服的一件事是英国人吃饭的礼貌举止，哪怕仅仅是一个土豆，他们也会吃得斯斯文文。
Pre?reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．owe A．staying the same; not changing or able to be changed
2．taste B．something that you need or want
3．obsess C．the way that something is done or happens
4．manner D．to think too much about something
5．requirement E．the particular quality that different fo?
ods and drinks have that allows you to recognize them when you put them in your mouth
6．fixed F．to have to return money that you have borrowed
1～6 ________________
答案：1～6 FEDCBA
Lead?in
Do you like foreign food? Can you name the following food?
1.spaghetti 2.sandwich
While?reading
Fast?reading
Skim the passages and choose the best answers.
1．Skim Passage 1 and choose the main idea of it.
A．The writer's experiences of having Chinese food.
B．A trip to Beijing.
C．A recent trip to the USA.
D．Some infamous Chinese food.
2．Skim Passage 2 and choose the purpose of the writer.
A．To tell about English food culture.
B．To show her positive attitude towards English food.
C．To show her negative attitude towards English food.
D．To tell what she thinks about English food.
答案：1～2 AA
Careful?reading
(Ⅰ)Choose the best answers according to the passages.
1．It seems that the writer in Paragraph 1 of Passage 1 felt ________ at how much food a real Chinese banquet could have.
A．disappointed B．interested
C．incredible D．terrible
2．We can infer from Passage 1 that the writer ________.
A．had a low opinion of Chinese food
B．had a good impression of Chinese food
C．thought Chinese people wasted lots of food
D．thought the people at table had small appetites
3．From Passage 2, we know that Chinese food ________.
A．pays much attention to beauty and style besides its taste
B．includes various kinds of mashed food
C．often has an unrecognizable shape
D．is prepared with little care
4．According to Passage 2, what impressed the writer most?
A．The taste of British food.
B．The names of British food.
C．The styles of British food.
D．The manner in which the British eat.
答案：1～4 CBAD
(Ⅱ)Complete the following form according to the passages.
Passage 1 (Experien? ces of hav? ing Chinese food) Plates were dangerously balanced one on top of another. I ate 1.greedily while everyone else just tasted 2.a_bit_of each dish.
The Chinese seem to eat almost 3.every_part of every animal. The first time I saw a kid cheerfully chewing a 4.chicken's_head,_I had bad dreams for weeks.
I didn't get used to the deep?fried 5.choudoufu, which looked and smelled about as appetising as a 6.burnt_tennis_shoe.
Passage 2 (Experien? ces of hav? ing British food) I was amazed by the British food. It was hard to 7.make_out what the boxes contained. The British people like cold food while the Chinese think it means 8.poverty.
I was astonished at the bowl of grey liquid being offered after ordering 9.mushroom_soup. The things inside sandwiches and baked potatoes are various kinds of 10.mashed_food.
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the passages.
1．Their salad, for example, is made from vegetables which are only washed before serving, while Chinese food is prepared more carefully.
[句式分析] 本句由表示对比的while连接一个复合句和一个简单句；while前的复合句中，for example 作插入语，which引导的定语从句修饰先行词vegetables。
[尝试翻译] 比如，他们做沙拉的蔬菜只是在上菜前洗一洗，然而中国的食物却要准备得更精细。
2．It seemed to be just a bowl of grey liquid and it was only after I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 看上去那只是一碗灰色的汤，我尝了一下后才知道那确实是用蘑菇做的。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
French cuisine is extremely diverse, with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food. This variety is supported by the French passion for good food in all its forms, France's extraordinary range of different geographical conditions and climates that support the local production of many types of ingredients (原料), and France's long and varied history. In many ways, an understanding of the culture of French food is an understanding of France itself.
Meals range from the very basic, such as the traditional baguette (棍子面包), cheese and inexpensive wine, to very elaborate meals that can include a dozen dishes and different wines consumed over several hours. Obviously, the latter type of dining is hardly used by most people. However, it is this dining that is typically found in “French restaurants” outside France, giving many foreigners the mistaken impression that French food is heavy and complicated. In fact, much of the French cuisine is fairly simple, relying on high?quality fresh ingredients and loving preparation.
Almost all the famous French dishes are regional specialties. The French Mediterranean uses olive oil, herbs and tomatoes in many of its dishes. The cuisine of northwest France uses butter, soured cream and apples. The cuisine of northeast France has a strong German influence which includes beer and sauerkraut (泡菜). Throughout the south in general there tends to be more use of vegetables and fruit (in part due to the favorable climate)．
Any discussion about the influences on French cuisine would be incomplete without recognizing the historical contribution of Italy to the development of French cooking. In 1533, Catherine De Medicis (a Florentine princess) married a French prince. At this point, France was not known for its food. Catherine brought many Italian chefs with her to France, who introduced to France a variety of dishes, food preparation and dining practices. Although France and Italy obviously have evolved very different food cultures, much of France's current food culture can be traced back to this time.
1．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Chinese cuisine is full of variety.
B．France has different climates.
C．France has a long history.
D．French cuisine lacks variety.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“French cuisine is extremely diverse, with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food.”可知D项描述错误。
2．In France, a meal that includes a dozen dishes and different wines ________.
A．is often consumed by average people
B．can only be found in restaurants
C．is not common among most people
D．is considered to be simple by most people
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Obviously, the latter type of dining is hardly used by most people.”可知C项正确。
3．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．Features of food in different parts of France.
B．Table manners in different parts of France.
C．What influenced the development of French cuisine.
D．How French cuisine affects local culture.
解析：选A 段落大意题。第三段主要描述了法国不同地区的美食的特点。
4．We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.
A．Italian food is more complicated than French food
B．Italian food culture is still influencing French food
C．French food was not as famous around the 1530s as it is now
D．French food is more famous than Italian food
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“At this point, France was not known for its food.”可知C项正确。
B
Over 100 years ago, German immigrants (移民) first started selling hot dogs at places like Coney Island's Nathan's Famous. This is the place where hot dogs were first sold in America, but then something interesting happened. People began making their own hot dogs, and people of every region put its unique things on the snack. So what are America's best hot dogs?
On our search for America's best hot dogs, we kept an eye out for places with a unique style of hot dogs. We made sure of considering online reviews from locals as well as the quality of the ingredients (作料). We also considered the entire experience, from driving up to the restaurant or stand to placing your order to taking that first bite.
We sorted through dozens of hot dog stands and restaurants in search of the best in America. In order to be included, the vendor needed to have a trademark (商标) dog, with toppings that add something extra. For example, Ben's Chili Bowl in Washington, D．C. doesn't only have a trademark frank (the half?smoke), but it also has a trademark topping (chili). It is thought highly of by locals and professional eaters alike, and eating there is a great experience. For these reasons, it's high on our list.
Sadly, there were some famous stands that didn't_make_the_cut. While the original Nathan's Famous in Coney Island might very well be the most well?known hot dog stand in America, it didn't win a place on our best American hot dog list.
The stands that serve the best hot dogs are those ancient stands that have been serving the same exact product day in and day out for many years. People usually have to wait in line for one hot dog from such stands.
5．When Americans began making their own hot dogs, they ________.
A．learned from each other
B．made hot dogs that looked very interesting
C．developed their own style of hot dogs
D．asked for advice from Nathan's Famous
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“People began making their own hot dogs, and people of every region put its unique things on the snack.”可知，人们开始制作他们独特风格的热狗。
6．Which might NOT be considered to find the best American hot dogs?
A．The whole experience.
B．The cost of the hot dog.
C．Reviews on the Internet.
D．Whether it has a unique style.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，A、C、D三项的内容都有提到，但并没有提到价格因素。
7．Ben's Chili Bowl in Washington, D．C. is most probably ________.
A．popular B．expensive
C．big D．new
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is thought highly of by locals and professional eaters alike, and eating there is a great experience. For these reasons, it's high on our list.”可推断，这家热狗店很受欢迎。
8．The underlined part in Paragraph 4 means some famous stands ________.
A．didn't cut their hot dogs
B．failed to appear on the list
C．weren't really that famous
D．didn't change their hot dogs
解析：选B 句意理解题。根据第四段Nathan's Famous例子可知，画线部分的意思是指一些著名的热狗店并没有出现在最好吃热狗的名单上。
C
With the appearance of fast food chains from the West such as McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut, the Chinese are being introduced to a diet that increases the death rate from certain diseases in any population.
The main killers in North America, the diseases such as heart attack and stroke as well as colon cancer, will become a way of death in this country if the Chinese do not act quickly and compete with these health?destroying food chains.
Scientific studies from all over the world show that a diet high in animal foods such as pork, beef, including sugar, white flour, white noodles and even white rice, undermines one's health. Deposits of animal fat cling to the walls of arteries (动脉), blocking the blood supply to various organs. This causes diseases in almost every organ, but in particular it damages two of the most vital ones, the heart and brain.
Compare these problems with the excellent health one may enjoy if one consumes good Chinese food. The cook goes out every day, procures great?tasting, fresh vegetables, then cooks them for just a few minutes so that their nutritional value is preserved and afterwards serves them in a most artistic and elegant fashion. Please cling to your traditional ways of eating. They are far superior to those of the West.
How the Chinese could patronise (光顾) these fast food places when Chinese cook such delectable (美味的) food, not just in this country but over the entire world, is beyond my comprehension. Western restaurants are clean and tastefully decorated. Moreover, these restaurants also do indeed have “good service and an inviting dining atmosphere”. However, Chinese food chains could do likewise if they would organise themselves as the Western chains do.
These lessons in management and decoration are the only ones worth learning from the invasion of this country by the Western fast food chains. In other words, only imitate the style of the restaurants, not the content of the food or the menus in any way, shape or form.
Do not let the desire for money destroy the wonderful tradition that China has established in producing absolutely fantastically tasty as well as healthful food.
语篇解读：西方快餐虽然在很多方面有优势，但非常不健康。从健康角度来说还是中餐好。我们要传承中国优良的传统饮食文化，保持身体健康。
9．A diet high in animal foods is unhealthy, because especially it will damage ________.
A．the heart and brain B．the walls of arteries
C．all organs D．the nerves
解析：选A 推理判断题。文章第二、三段讲述动物食品的缺点，这样的食物会导致各种疾病，尤其是心脏和脑部疾病。故选A项。
10．The Chinese's preferring fast food to Chinese delectable food makes the writer feel ________.
A．pleased B．puzzled
C．calm D．funny
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第五段内容，特别是关键词“beyond my comprehension”可推断出，作者对中国人喜欢西方快餐感到不理解。puzzled意为“困惑的，茫然的”。
11．What we should learn from the Western fast food chains is ________.
A．the content of the food
B．the attractive menus
C．the management and decoration
D．the form of the food
解析：选C 细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段第一句可得出答案。
12．What is the writer's opinion in the passage?
A．Chinese shouldn't learn from Western fast food.
B．Chinese should say no to Western fast food.
C．Western fast food is better than Chinese food.
D．Chinese food is better for our health.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。从整篇文章来看，作者是告诉我们西方快餐虽然在很多方面有优势，但是从健康角度来说还是中餐最好。故选B。此题容易误选D项。仔细读文章可知作者对西方快餐是否定的，是要我们不要吃西方快餐。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Friendships come and go. But what does it really take to be a great friend?
You should know that people need space to grow. We grow in many different ways and walk through many different paths. __1__ When those paths meet, you don't feel angry about the other person for going away. You appreciate it and recognize that this new person might have turned out to be a better person than before.
Everything is natural. Like in a romantic relationship, friendships need to be natural. When you are with a great friend, you don't feel uncomfortable in moments of silence. __2__
__3__ You probably got married and the other person decided to go to graduate school. On your child's third birthday, your friend came and celebrated with your whole family. Then when your friend got married, you were chosen to be one of the bridesmaids (伴娘) even if you lived far apart. This means that real friendships go over several different stages in our lives.
You think about the other person and hope that everything is well. __4__ But in between those busy moments, thoughts of your friend enter your mind and you quietly hope that everything is going well on his or her side.
You keep your lines open. Nobody is too busy to talk to a good friend. Whether you are out on the subway or standing in line at the supermarket, you can answer a call or call a friend back. __5__ After all, when you need help or someone to talk to, it will be your turn to make a call or send an e?mail.
A．You can also simply e?mail back.
B．Your friendship stands the test of time.
C．You share your happiness and sorrow with your friend.
D．Even though paths might separate, they can meet again.
E．You do not hold back if you know it would help the other person.
F．You might be really busy with work after you move to the big city.
G．You can be yourself and the other person brings out the positive side of you.
1．选D 本句承上启下，关键词paths为解题关键，陈述了朋友会有不同的人生道路。选项D中的“paths might separate, they can meet again”和下文的“paths meet”相照应。
2．选G 本句具体说明真正的友谊非常自然，和朋友在一起，就算沉默也不会尴尬，你只需要做最真实的自己就行。
3．选B 本句为本段的主题句，根据本段内容可知，本段主要说明真正的友谊经得起时间的考验。
4．选F 本句引出下文内容，关键词为busy，说明“你”可能会很忙，但是在忙碌的间隙会想起朋友。
5．选A 本句对上一句进一步补充，说明了回复朋友的另一种方法，即用电子邮件回复。
10
Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.owe v． 应给予 2.banquet n. 宴会 3.dish n. 一道菜 4.chopstick n. (常复) 筷子 5.dessert n. 甜食 6.tongue n. 舌头 7.chew v. 咀嚼 8.manner n. 方式；方法 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.poison n．毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 2.taste n．味道；品味；爱好v.尝；体会→tasty adj.美味可口的 3.obsess v．使着迷；使烦忧→obsession n．着迷；困扰 4.greedily adv.贪婪地→greedy adj.渴望的； 贪婪的→greed n．贪欲；贪婪 5.infamous adj.臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的→famous adj.著名的 6.appetising adj.开胃的，增进食欲的→appetite n．爱好；嗜好；食欲，胃口；欲望 7.requirement n．要求→require v．要求；需要 8.fixed adj.固定的→fix v．将……固定；安装 9.unrecognisable adj.无法辨认的；未被承认的→recognisable adj.可认识的，可承认的，可辨别的→recognise v．认出；认可；承认→recognition n．认出；认可；承认 1.owe v．应给予[联想] due adj. 应付的 2.banquet n．宴会 [词块] ①attend a banquet 赴宴 ②have/hold a banquet 举行宴会 [联想] feast n．宴会，酒席(banquet指正式而盛大的宴会或国宴) 3.dish n．一道菜 [联想] course n. 一道(菜) 4.chopstick n．(常复)筷子 [联想] 常用复数名词一览 ①trousers裤子 ②glasses眼镜 ③instructions使用说明 ④jeans牛仔裤 5.dessert n．甜食 [形近] desert n. 沙漠 6.tongue n．舌头 [词块] lose tongue 说不出话来，噤不能言 7.manner n．方式；方法 [同义] means, way, method 8.obsess v．使着迷；使烦忧 [词块] be obsessed with 对……着迷 [同义] fascinate v. 使着迷 9.requirement n．要求；需要 [串记] All the students are required to take an exam after taking the course and anyone who fails to meet the requirements will have another chance. 10.poison n．毒药 [串记] The mushrooms contain poison and many people were poisoned because they had eaten the poisonous mushrooms.
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.owe ... to ... 把……归功于 2．be obsessed with 对……痴迷，被……迷住 3．no wonder 难怪，怪不得 4．end up 结束 5．make out 看出；理解 6．go against 违背，违反 7．approve of 支持，赞成 8．have ... in common 与……有共同点 1.Chinese culture 中国文化 2．at a banquet 在宴会上 3．to my surprise 使我吃惊的是 4．in front of you 在你面前 5．have bad dreams 做噩梦 6．on a trip to Hunan 去湖南的旅途中 7．according to people's requirements 根据人们的需求 8．what's more 而且，此外
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.The first time I saw a three?year?old kid cheerfully chewing a chicken's head ... 我第一次看到一个三岁的孩子欢快地嚼着一个鸡头时…… 句中the first time用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”。 The_first_time_I_saw_him,_I was impressed by his honesty. 初次见面，他就给我留下真诚的印象。
2.But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat ... 但是的确让我非常佩服的一件事是英国人吃饭的礼貌举止…… 句中的do对谓语动词进行了强调，多用于一般现在时和一般过去时的句子中。 I do_like eating desserts after meals. 我的确喜欢饭后吃甜点。
1．(教材P29)Everything you see I owe to spaghetti.
我把你看到的一切都归功于意大利面条。
?owe v．应给予；归功于；欠(债等)；感激
(1)owe ... to ... 把……归功于……
owe sb. sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物
owe it to sb. that ... 多亏某人……
(2)owing adj.(不用于名词前)欠着的，未付的
owing to 因为，由于
①They asked him to pay what he owed them.
他们要他偿还欠他们的债务。
②The scientist owed his success to his teacher's encouragement.
这个科学家把自己的成功归功于他的老师的鼓励。
③Owing (owe) to the rain the ground was not fit to play on.
由于下雨了，场地上不适合做体育活动。
[联想发散] 除owing to 外，其他表示“因为；由于”的短语还有：because of, due to, on account of, thanks to 等。
2．(教材P30)No wonder my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish; they knew what was still to come.
怪不得跟我一起的客人每道菜也就浅尝几口；他们知道还有什么菜要上呢。
?no wonder 难怪
wonder n． 奇事；奇景，奇观
v. 想知道；奇怪，疑惑
wonder at 对……好奇
in wonder 目瞪口呆地；惊异地
It is a wonder that ... 奇怪的是……；……真是一个奇迹
①It's no wonder that you are tired; you've been working for five hours.
难怪你感到疲劳；你连续工作5个小时了。
②It_is_a_wonder_that he should survive the terrible car accident.
在那次可怕的车祸中他竟然幸存了下来，真是一个奇迹。
③I wonder at your rudeness, when I have always been so kind to you.
我一直对你很友好，你的无礼真叫我惊讶。
④The children looked up in_wonder at the big elephant.
孩子们惊异地抬头看那只大象。
[联想发散] no wonder 是“no＋名词”构成的短语，其他类似的短语还有：no way, no doubt, no problem, no use, no hurry等。
3．(教材P30)Stomach, intestines, ears, tongue, tail, hoof, and lungs are all likely to end up on the dinner table in front of you.
胃、肠子、耳朵、舌头、尾巴、蹄子以及肺都有可能在你面前的餐桌上被消灭掉。
?end up 结束，告终，结果为……
end (up) in 以……告终，结果为……(后面跟的往往是不好的结果)
end (up) with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束)
end up as 作为……而结束
end up doing sth. 最终……
①The meeting ended up with the summary speech of the leader.
会议以领导总结发言结束。
②After several years of hard work, she ended up as a successful writer.
经过几年的努力工作，她终于成为一名成功的作家。
③You can end up running (run) this company if you play your card right.
你要是处理得当，最后这个公司能归你掌管。
[名师点津] end up 为不及物短语动词，其后通常跟说明主语的最终状态的介词短语或动词?ing 形式。
4．(教材P31)I was amazed at their easy and graceful manner while I stood there feeling somewhat confused by the food.
我惊讶于他们闲适优雅的举止，而我却站在那儿对他们的食物感到有些茫然。
?manner n．方式，方法；态度；(pl.) 礼貌；规矩；(民族、时代的)风俗，习惯
in a/an ... manner 以一种……方式
it's good/bad manners (to do sth.)
(做某事)是有/没有礼貌的
table manners 餐桌礼仪
①From his manner of speaking I took him to be an Italian.
从他说话的样子看，我还以为他是个意大利人。
②It's bad manners (manner) to crowd around and stare at foreigners in a strange manner.
以奇怪的方式围观并盯着外国人看是不礼貌的。
③Father gave me a sermon on table_manners.
父亲就餐桌礼仪问题对我作了一番说教。
5．(教材P31)It was quite hard to make out what they contained.
很难弄清楚它们究竟是什么做的。
?make out 看出，理解；声称；假装；开(账单、支票、收据等)；辨认出
[一词多义] 写出下列句中make out的含义
①I could hardly make out anything in the thick fog.辨认出
②I couldn't make out what he meant.理解
③She was ill, but she made out to be all right.假装
④I asked her to make out a receipt.开(收据)
⑤He makes out that he's younger than me.声称
make for 朝……行进；促进
make up 化妆；组成；编造；和好
make up for 补偿；弥补
make use of 利用
make it 及时到达；成功
make fun of 取笑
⑥The two friends have at last made_up after the slight misunderstanding.
在这小小的误会之后，两个朋友已经和好如初。
⑦The train goes at 10：15. I think we shall make_it.
火车十点一刻开，我想我们能赶得上。
6．(教材P32)Do their ideas have anything in common？他们的观点有共同之处吗？
?have ... in common 与……有共同之处
in common 共有
in common with 与……有共同点；同……一样
out of the common 非同寻常的，不平凡的
①They have nothing in common with each other in their manners.
他们彼此的举止毫无共同之处。
②My brother and I have the car in_common.
我和哥哥共有这辆车。
③In_common_with many young people, the old man went to the center for a training.
和许多青年人一样，这个老人也去训练中心参加训练。
[辨析比较] common, ordinary, usual
common 常见的，不足为奇的(强调“共性”)
ordinary 平淡无奇的，平常的(强调“并不出众”)
usual 通常的(强调“一向如此”)
选用上述单词填空
④Just watch his usual behavior and you can know what kind of man he is.
⑤What is ordinary in one country may be strange in another.
⑥Colds are common in winter.
The first time I saw a three?year?old kid cheerfully chewing a chicken's head I had bad dreams for weeks.
我第一次看到一个三岁的孩子欢快地嚼着一个鸡头时，我做了好几周的噩梦。
(1)句中the first time用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”。
①The first time I saw her, she wore a red skirt.
我第一次见到她时，她穿着一件红裙子。
②The_last_time I saw him, he was playing football on the playground.
上一次我看到他的时候，他正在操场上打篮球。
(2)与此用法类似的名词短语还有：each time“每次”；every time“每次，每当”； next time“下次”；any moment“无论何时”； the moment/instant/minute ...“一……就……”；the day“当天就……”等。
③Every_time he returns to his hometown, he always visits his playmates in his childhood.
每次回到家乡，他总是去拜访他童年时代的玩伴。
④I recognised her the_moment I saw her in the crowd.
我一见到她就从人群里把她辨认出来了。
[名师点津] for the first time只能用作句子的状语，不可用来引导状语从句，它不具有连词的功能。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He began his life as a poor man and ended up as a millionaire.
2．The fog was so heavy this morning that drivers could hardly make out the things just ten meters away.
3．The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by its beautiful sights.
4．Owing to a strong wind, the ship could not go to sea.
5．It's a wonder that you could finish such a hard task in such a short time.
6．We walked in a leisurely manner, talking and laughing, enjoying the beauty of the countryside.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．You can take your time to pay the debt you_owe_me.
你欠我的债可以慢慢还。
2．No_wonder/It's_no_wonder that they are so familiar with each other; you know they are old friends.
怪不得他们互相那么熟；你知道，他们是老朋友。
3．Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end_up_with_sweet_dreams.
你在睡觉前闻一闻这些花，可能会终得美梦。
4．The question was so difficult for me that I stopped for a while to try to_make_it_out.
那个问题对我而言如此困难，以至于我停了一会儿想尽力把它弄清楚。
5．In_common_with_many_others,_she applied for a training place.
和其他许多人一样，她申请了一个训练场地。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．My pay has not increased from the rate fixed (固定的) five years ago.
2．A lot of poisonous (有毒的) waste from the chemical works polluted the river.
3．His cakes were so tasty (美味的) that he sold them in dozens.
4．At this time he was becoming obsessed (着迷) with artistic development.
5．A man who proposes the toasts introduces the speakers at a banquet (宴会).
6．That infamous (臭名昭著的) criminal was finally sentenced to death.
7．Before lunch the foreigner learned how to use chopsticks (筷子)．
8．For dessert (甜食), you can have ice cream or apple pie.
9．Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it's good manners (礼貌) to take off your shoes.
10．Moved by his words, the old man has agreed his requirement (要求)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It was raining so hard.There's no wonder that you were late.There's→It's
2．I ended up with telling him everything although I tried not to.去掉with
3．Owe to the bad weather, the football match was called off.Owe→Owing
4．The teacher asked the children to make a story about a trip to the moon.make后加up
5．The twins have everything in common with except that the elder's eyes are dark blue while the younger's are black.去掉with
6．When I toured Zhangjiajie the first time, I was deeply impressed with the beautiful scenery.第一个the前加for
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The children gazed in_wonder when they saw snow for the first time.
2．The young man owned his survival to his strength as a swimmer.
3．If you don't work hard, you'll end_up failing the exam.
4．You must present your library card every_time you borrow books.
5．Can you give me some advice on how to make_up_for the time I have lost?
6．In_common_with many countries, Britain has serious environmental problems.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Chinese people think a lot about food. I think that they are sometimes obsessed 1.with it. I had eaten Chinese food often, but I couldn't have imagined 2.how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be. The first six or seven dishes seemed to fill the table, with plates 3.dangerously (danger) balanced one on top of another. To my surprise, more dishes arrived. There was enough to feed a whole army. Another aspect of “food culture” is that the Chinese seem to eat almost every part of every animal — much to the horror of many 4.westerners (west). However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me 5.to_accept (accept). The infamous choudoufu is an example.
The first time I ate British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher. I was 6.amazed (amaze) at their easy and graceful manner. At the counter there were colourful 7.mixtures (mix) in eight or nine big boxes. 8.Later (late), I found out that British people like cold food. But in China, cold food means 9.poverty (poor) — you don't give it to a guest! I also learned that the English like to mix food before serving it at the table. The food here goes 10.against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table. Chinese dishes can be photographed and have a nice appearance.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
李明和迈克是好朋友。他们第一次(the first time)见面时，就发现他们有许多共同之处(have ... in common)。然而，他们口味(taste)不同。迈克来自美国，常餐后(end up)吃甜食(dessert)，而李明是中国人，喜欢吃鸡头、猪舌头、耳朵和蹄子。迈克不能理解(make out)为什么李明喜欢吃这些东西。西方人饮食中没有这些，难怪(no wonder)当看到动物的各个器官时，迈克看起来很困惑。
Li_Ming_and_Mike_are_good_friends.The_first_time_they_met,_they_found_they_had_a_lot_in_common._However,_they_have_different_tastes.Mike_is_from_America_and_he_often_ends_up_with_dessert_while_Li_Ming_is_Chinese_and_likes_eating_chicken's_head,_pig's_tongue,_ear_and_hoof._Mike_can't_make_out_why_Li_Ming_enjoys_eating_them._The_westerners_don't_have_these_in_their_diet;_no_wonder_Mike_looks_very_confused_at_these_animals'_organs.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
I'm a mother of two little kids now. Believe it or not, I __1__ college just last year.
After I left high school, I didn't go to college. Instead, I found a __2__ and started working. Later I got __3__ and gave birth to a son and a daughter. __4__， after my kids were born, I started __5__ not going to college. I wanted my kids to be proud of their mother. So I __6__ to go back to school. __7__， I was admitted to a college. But having to attend __8__ and look after kids wasn't easy for me. Though it was __9__， I didn't give up and finally graduated.
One day last year I had to take my final __10__. Sadly, my husband was on a business trip in another country and the babysitter couldn't __11__ it that day. That meant I had to take the kids to my college in order to finish my exam.
When the exam began, I left them with a computer and a tablet on the __12__ out in the hall. But I was __13__ because I knew they weren't going to sit __14__. “To get the test completed, it's going to take a miracle，” I thought to myself.
Five minutes after the exam began, my 4?year?old son, Marcus, started banging on the door trying to get my __15__. When I went to ask him to stay __16__， my professor Dr Krebs followed me out into the hall. I thought he was going to ask me to __17__. But instead, the professor surprised me with an unexpectedly thoughtful __18__. For the next 45 minutes, he helped take care of my son and daughter so that I could __19__ the exam.
I couldn't __20__ him enough.
1．A.entered B．expected
C．finished D．attended
解析：选C 作者虽然已经有两个小孩，但是直到去年才“完成”大学学业。
2．A.place B．job
C．dream D．plan
解析：选B 根据“started working”可知，作者高中毕业后找了一份“工作”。
3．A.married B．inspired
C．improved D．supported
解析：选A 根据“gave birth to a son and a daughter”可知，后来作者“结婚了”。
4．A.Still B．Also
C．Therefore D．However
解析：选D 根据语境可知，这里需填表示转折的连词However。
5．A.suggesting B．remembering
C．regretting D．considering
解析：选C 作者后来去上了大学，说明她“后悔”自己没有上大学。下一句“我想让孩子们为他们的母亲而自豪”也是对“regret”的提示。
6．A.begged B．feared
C．refused D．decided
解析：选D 根据“I wanted my kids to be proud of their mother.”可知，作者“决定”回大学深造。
7．A.Strangely B．Luckily
C．Interestingly D．Surprisingly
解析：选B 根据“I was admitted to a college”可知，作者觉得自己很“幸运”。
8．A.classes B．lectures
C．meetings D．interviews
解析：选A 作者当时在上大学，故这里是指得一边“上课”一边照顾孩子。
9．A.costly B．boring
C．difficult D．annoying
解析：选C 根据“wasn't easy for me”可知，应选C项。
10．A.speech B．advice
C．decision D．exam
解析：选D 根据后文提示可知，她需要参加一场期末“考试”。
11．A.try B．make
C．prove D．stand
解析：选B make it是指“成功做某事”，这是指那个临时保姆那天无法来帮助作者照看小孩。
12．A.sofa B．rock
C．ground D．desk
解析：选A 根据“in the hall”可知，应选A项，表示作者的两个孩子在大厅里的“沙发”上玩。
13．A.upset B．disappointed
C．anxious D．sorry
解析：选C 作者的两个孩子在外面，无人照顾，她应该心里是很“焦虑的”。
14．A.comfortably B．together
C．back D．still
解析：选D 作者的两个孩子还很小，她知道他们无法坐在那里保持“安静”。
15．A.kindness B．attention
C．voice D．sight
解析：选B 作者四岁的儿子敲打门是为了吸引作者的“注意”。
16．A.quiet B．positive
C．cheerful D．curious
解析：选A 作者出来是为了让儿子“安静”下来。
17．A.disappear B．leave
C．explain D．continue
解析：选B 作者当时很担心，以为教授会让她“离开”。
18．A.wish B．sentence
C．offer D．smile
解析：选C 那位教授主动提出来要帮助作者照顾她的孩子，故选C项。
19．A.refer to B．prepare for
C．benefit from D．focus on
解析：选D 那位教授帮助作者照顾两个孩子，这样作者就可以把注意力“集中”在考试上了。
20．A.please B．thank
C．help D．understand
解析：选B 那位教授帮助了作者，作者应该想“感谢”他。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My dream school starts at 8：30 a．m. and ends at 3：30 p．m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn't need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with after?school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
答案：第二句：They→There
第三句：didn't→don't; many→much
第四句：with→for
第五句：第一个hour→hours
第六句：look→looks
第七句：去掉第一个the
第八句：sat→sit; listening后加to
第九句：helpfully→helpful
PAGE
7
Section Ⅲ Grammar— 复习定语和定语从句
?语法图解
?探究发现
①I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served.
②Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down, continuing to chat.
③I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish and cheese sandwich.
④Do you know the girl singing over there?
⑤He is always the first person to leave the office.
⑥One evening he was entertaining the ruler of a small island in the Pacific.
⑦However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to accept.
⑧But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat, even if it is just a potato.
⑨As we all know, Vladimir Putin was elected President of Russia a fourth time.
⑩The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
[我的发现]
(1)①～⑥句中，黑体部分在句中均作定语，且①③句中作前置定语，②④⑤⑥作后置定语。
(2)由②句可知，形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词后面。
(3)⑦～⑩句中，黑体部分均为定语从句。
(4)⑨⑩句中，黑体部分为非限制性定语从句。
一、定语
1．概念
修饰名词或者代词的词、短语或者从句称为定语。形容词、名词、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语以及从句等都可用来作定语。
A bright future shines before my eyes.
光明的未来展现在我的面前。(形容词作定语)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
他在英语方面的快速进步使我们很吃惊。(代词作定语)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
我们的班长总是第一个进教室。(动词不定式作定语)
He walks with the help of a walking stick.
他在手杖的帮助下行走。(动名词作定语)
There is nothing that worries him.
没有什么事使他烦恼。(从句作定语)
2．位置
定语的位置有两种：一种是前置定语，位于中心词之前，此时定语多为单个的词或复合词；另一种是后置定语，位于中心词之后，此时定语多为词组或从句。
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。(单个词作前置定语)
Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?
和我们老师握手的那个人是谁？(分词短语作后置定语)
[名师点津] something, anything, nothing等复合不定代词的修饰词，即使是单个词，也要后置。
There is something wrong with my watch.
我的手表出毛病了。
3．多个词作定语时的顺序
当多个词修饰同一个名词时，这些词的顺序为：限定词＋性质(描绘/观点)＋大小、长短、高低(矮)＋形状＋年龄、新旧＋颜色＋国籍、地区、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋名词。
a charming small round old brown Chinese wooden table一个迷人的、小而圆的、老式的、棕色中式木质桌子
[巧学助记] 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，用途类别往后靠。
4．名词作定语
名词作定语时，往往是说明中心名词的材料、功能、目的、时间、地点、种类等。
a stone bridge 石桥
a motor car 摩托车
peace conference 和平大会
winter vacation 寒假
sea fight 海战
science fiction 科幻小说
[即时演练1] 画出下列句子中的定语
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The exhibition will be held in the City Museum, located_in_the_north_of_our_city.
②It is reported that the floods have left about two_thousand people homeless.
③The flowers smelling_sweet_in_the_park attract the passersby to the beauty of nature.
④For breakfast he only drinks juice from_fresh_fruit_grown_on_his_own_farm.
⑤We are invited to a party to_be_held in our club next Friday.
⑥The old town has narrow streets and small houses that_are_built_close_to_each_other.
⑦Look at the broken glasses.
⑧They are playing an important_football match against Liverpool on Sunday.
⑨Your hair needs cutting.
⑩The two rooms upstairs are my_sister's bedroom.
二、定语从句
(一)定语从句中关系词的选择
准确地判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分是确定关系词的关键所在，再结合先行词自身的属性便可做到万无一失。
1．关系词引导的定语从句
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关 系 代 词 who 人 主语、宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother？ whom, which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.
whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语、宾语、表语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $ 10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人、物或事 主语、宾语、表语 He wasn't unconscious, as could be judged from his eyes. as作宾语一般不省略
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因状语 I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
2．定语从句的分类
(1)定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
This is the house which we bought last month.(限制性定语从句)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.(非限制性定语从句)
(2)当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
(3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
[名师点津] 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
[即时演练2] 用适当的关系词填空
①Is he the man who/that will help you?
②He is the man whom/that I shook hands with yesterday.
③They rushed over to help the man whose leg had been hurt badly.
④I'll never forget the days when we studied in Beijing.
⑤Is this the reason why he was late for the meeting?
⑥The room whose window faces south is mine.
(二)难点突破
1．“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句
(1)关系代词作介词的宾语，当介词置于定语从句句首时，关系代词只能用which (指物) 或whom (指人)。
The pencil with which he was writing suddenly broke.
他正在用来写字的铅笔突然断了。
Look at the photo. This is Mr Green, in front of whom sit three students.
看这张照片。这是格林先生，在他的前面坐着三个学生。
Do you remember the day when/on which you joined our club?
你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
[名师点津]
“介词＋关系词”引导定语从句时介词的选择
①介词的选择要根据定语从句中的谓语、先行词以及它们之间的搭配来确定。
②有些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，故不能提到关系词前。
③关系副词when根据先行词的不同可转化为：介词in/during/on/at 等＋which；关系副词 where 可转化为：介词 in/on/at 等 ＋ which; 关系副词why可转化为：介词for＋which。
(2)“不定代词或数词＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句可转化为“of＋which/whom＋不定代词或数词”引导的定语从句。其中不定代词为：some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, most, part等。
There are 40 students in our class, most of whom (＝ of whom most) like English.
我们班有40名学生，他们中的大多数人喜欢英语。
(3)“whose＋名词”引导定语从句时，可转化为“the＋名词＋of＋which/whom”或“of＋which/whom＋the＋名词”。介词of表示所有关系。
I live in a room whose windows are all broken.
＝I live in a room the windows of which (＝of which the windows) are all broken.
我住在一个窗户都坏了的房间里。
(4)表示“方式”的名词way后的定语从句中如果关系词在从句中作方式状语，关系词用 that 或 in which，也可省略关系词。
I don't like the way (that/in which) he talks to me.
我不喜欢他和我说话的方式。
(5)“某些介词＋关系副词”可引导定语从句。
He graduated from Beijing University in 2018, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.
他2018年毕业于北京大学。从那时起他在各方面都提高了。
[即时演练3] 介词填空
①I'll never forget the day on which I joined the Party.
②The witness to whom the policemen referred was murdered last night.
③I can't remember the age at which he won the prize.
④I forgot the exact place in which I had hidden the box.
⑤Is this the reason for which he didn't want to help us?
⑥I don't know the thing about which they quarreled yesterday.
2．定语从句中需要注意的问题
(1)as, which和that的区别
从句 区别 例句
限制性定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as，不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks. Don't read such books as you can't understand.
非限制性定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，像”的含义，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放在主句后 They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn't expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
the same ... as和the same ... that the same ... as指同类事物the same ...that指原物 That's the same tool as I used last week.(同类工具，不是同一把) That's the same tool that I used last week. 那就是我上周用过的工具。
(2)在一些类似地点的抽象名词后面，也可用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
I can think of many cases where cultural differences really exist.
我可以想出许多文化差异确实存在的事例。
(3)定语从句的关系代词只用that而不用which的情况：
①当先行词是all, much, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时。
We should do everything that is useful to the people.
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
②当先行词是序数词或被序数词/last修饰时。
When we talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to our mind is the West Lake.
我们谈论杭州时，首先想到的是西湖。
This is the fifth film that has been shown in our village.
这是在我们村庄放映的第五部电影。
③当先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.
这是当今世界上最小的计算机。
④当先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
他们谈论他们访问过的那些老师和学校。
⑤当先行词被the very, the only, the same等修饰时。
The only thing that I need now is a cup of coffee.
我现在唯一需要的是一杯咖啡。
This is the very storybook that I want to read.
这正是我想看的那本故事书。
[即时演练4]
(1)用适当的关系词填空
①The road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
②You can use a larger plastic bottle, whose top is cut off, with its bottom as a pot to grow flowers in.
③The girl in plain clothes, who was wonderfully calm in face of danger, was just sixteen years old.
④As many of you are old enough to remember, the Beatles came from Liverpool.
⑤It's impossible to do all that work in such a short time!
⑥Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?
(2)完成句子
①That is the_same_bike_as I lost.
那辆自行车和我丢失的一模一样。
②He is such_a_good_teacher as we all love and respect.
他是那样一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师。
③The first thing that_catches_my_eye is the mural.
最先引起我注意的是壁画。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, which is not good for the health.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
3．(2017·浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
4．(2017·江苏高考改编)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
5．(2017·北京高考改编)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
6．I know the man with whom you talked at the meeting.
7．I don't know the reason for which he is late for school.
8．The film in which she stars has not released yet.
9．He is always the first person to_come (come) to school.
10．This is such an easy novel as you can read.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which_were_written in the Tang Dynasty.
我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。
2．(2016·天津高考书面表达)Your art skills are excellent and admirable, which_leaves_me_a_deep_impression.
你们的艺术技能非常出色，特别令人钦佩，给我留下了深刻的印象。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Any student who_is_interested_in_this_activity is welcome to participate.
欢迎对这次活动感兴趣的任何学生参加。
4．(2015·广东高考写作)A new study appeared in the foreign medical field where_researchers_completed_a_project called DNA Test.
在国外医疗行业出现了一项新的研究，研究人员完成了一个名为DNA检测的项目。
5．(2015·天津高考书面表达)If there is something else that_we_can_do_for_you,_we are more than glad to give a helping hand.
如果我们能为你们做些别的事，我们会很乐意伸出援手。
6．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)As_you_know,_besides tasty dumplings, what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.
正如你所知道的，除了美味的饺子外，敬老院的老人们也需要温暖和关怀。
Ⅲ.短文改错
My spare time is full of interested activities. I read all kinds of books in the reading room whenever I am free. I learn much in the library than in class in this way. Meanwhile, I participated in many sports activities, of that my favorite is volleyball. I often play volleyball after the school. Sports and games keep me healthy and energetic enough to get across a variety of difficulties. Sometime I go in for social practice with my classmates outside school. Thus, I can gain much social experiences. Out?of?class activities are quite necessary for our students. Through these activities we can learn many things can not be learned in class.
答案：第一句：interested→interesting
第三句：much→more
第四句：participated→participate; that→which
第五句：去掉the
第六句：across→over/through
第七句：Sometime→Sometimes
第八句：experiences→experience
第九句：our→us
第十句：things后加 that/which
PAGE
5
Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
Step 1 True (T) or False (F) passage on P35.
1．King Edward Ⅶ liked having a good time.__T__
2．King Edward Ⅶ threw the tough end over his shoulder onto the floor behind him as the Polynesian guest did so as not to embarrass him.__T__
3．Not everyone present at the dinner did as the King had done.__F__
4．The cleaners weren't very happy, for the King didn't know how to entertain his guests.__F__
5．The Polynesian guest was angry when he saw all present follow his example.__F__
Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the passage on P39.
1．What does the writer think about Australian meat?
A．It's bad for your health.
B．It's not highly regarded outside Australia.
C．It's mostly lamb and not mutton.
D．It's well?known because it's very good.
2．What does fusion cuisine mean?
A．It means only pure, fresh ingredients.
B．It means fresh ingredients from all over the world，which are prepared in a variety of ways.
C．It means typical dishes from different countries.
D．It means a love of good food.
3．How can we describe the food in Australia?
A．Ample and abundant.
B．Famous and healthy.
C．Fragrant and delicious.
D．Modern and popular.
4．During the 1980s each person consumed a lot of meat a year, and the consequence was that ________.
A．many people were overweight
B．more and more people ate huge amounts of meat
C．people preferred lamb to mutton
D．people were becoming healthier
答案：1～4 DBBA
Step 3 Read the passage on P41 and match the paragraphs with their main ideas.
1．Para.1 A．When the plate is used
2．Para.2 B．How the love story ended
3．Para.3 C．What the scene on the plate means
4．Para.4 D．How its design came out
答案：1～4 ADCB
Step 4 Complete the following form according to the passage on P41.
About the willow pat? tern plates ·They are kept for special occasions，when 1.important_guests come to dinner. ·The first British plates were 2.based_on Chinese designs. ·Josiah Spode produced the willow pattern plates 3.named_after the willow tree in the centre of the design by 4.mixing elements from different Chinese designs.
The scene pictured on the plate ·It tells of the daughter of a rich Mandarin, who 5.fell_in_love_with her father's gardener. ·The Mandarin locked the girl up in the house. ·The two lovers 6.ran_away to a small island. ·The Mandarin and some servants followed them and 7.set_fire_to the two lovers' sleeping hut. ·The two lovers were killed, but their souls were 8.transformed into songbirds.
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.guest n． 客人 2.fork n. 叉子 3.cattle n. 牛(指菜牛或奶牛) 4.consequence n. 后果 5.trend n. 趋势，趋向 6.grocery n. 食品杂货店 7.ripe adj. (水果或庄稼)成熟的 8.fry v. 煎；炸；炒 9.reheat v. 重新加热 10.altogether adv. 总的说来；总而言之 11.ample adj. 充足的；充裕的 12.fence n. 栅栏，围栏；篱笆 13.overhead adv. 在头顶上；在空中 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.remark v．谈到，说起→remarkable adj.值得注意的；显著的；非凡的 2.casually adv.随意地→casual adj.随便的 3.consume v．(正式)吃；喝→consumer n．消费者 4.justifiably adv.有正当理由地→justify vt.表明/证明……是正当的；公正的→justice n．公平；公正 5.gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地 6.artificial adj.人造的；人工的→(同义词)man?made adj.人工的；人造的 7.customer n．顾客→custom n．习俗，习性→customs n．海关；关税 8.abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的→abundance n．充裕；丰富→(同义词) ample adj.充足的；充裕的 9.entertain v．招待；款待；请客→entertaining adj.使人愉快的；有趣的→entertainment n．招待；娱乐 10.transform v．转化；转变→transformation n．转化 1.consequence n．后果[同义] result; outcome 2.trend n．趋势；趋向 [词块] ①follow the trend 赶时髦 ②the trend to ... ……的倾向 3.grocery n．食品杂货店 [近义] ①supermarket n. 超市 ②mall n. 购物中心 4.reheat v．重新加热 [联想] re?前缀动词荟萃 ①rebuild重建 ②replace放回原处 ③recall回忆 ④retell复述 ⑤rewrite重写 ⑥recycle使再循环 5.ample adj.充足的；充裕的 [比较] ①abundant指“极为丰富”或“有大量供应” ②ample指能“充裕”得满足某一特定的需求 6.overhead adv.在头顶上；在空中 [联想] over?前缀动词小结 ①overflow 漫出；溢出 ②overlook 忽视，忽略；俯瞰 ③overcome 战胜，克服 7.entertain v．招待；款待；请客 [串记] Tom entertained the children to dinner and they listened to his entertaining comment on entertainment experiences. 8.transform v．转化，转变 [串记] The young man transformed from a thief to an excellent worker. His transformation made his parents happy.
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.on the dot 准时 2．on close terms with 关系密切 3．in short 总之；简言之 4．by nature 天生 5．refer to ... as ... 把……看作…… 6．be based on 以……为基础 7．fall in love with 爱上 8．dress up 盛装打扮；装饰 9．set fire to 放火烧…… 10．transform ... into ... 把……转变为…… 1.before long 不久 2．go without saying 不言而喻 3．follow one's example 效仿某人 4．in a friendly and relaxed manner 以友好放松的方式 5．in the end 最后 6．table manners 餐桌礼仪 7．as well as 除……之外(也)，和，也，还，此外 8．take?away food 外卖食物
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.The perfect host is the one who saves his guest from embarrassment whatever the cost.完美的主人是能够不惜任何代价帮他的客人摆脱尴尬场面的人。 whatever“无论什么”，引导让步状语从句，可用no matter what替换。 Whatever_decision_he_made,_I would support it.无论他做出什么决定，我都会支持。
2.In many homes, the willow pattern plates ... are kept for special occasions, when important guests come to dinner.在许多家庭，柳树图案的盘子……只用于重要客人来就餐的特殊场合。 when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词occasions。 Describe an occasion when_you_had_to_give_a_speech to the audience. 描述一个你必须向听众作演讲的场景。
1．(教材P35)One evening he was entertaining the ruler of a small island in the Pacific.
一天晚上，他正宴请太平洋中一个小岛的统治者。
?entertain v．招待，款待；请客；娱乐
(1)entertain sb. to ... 招待，款待某人(指在自己家中)
entertain sb. (with sth.) (用某物)使某人快乐
(2)entertaining adj. 使人愉快的；有趣的
entertainment n. 招待，娱乐，娱乐表演
①He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes.
他既讲故事又说笑话，把我们逗得乐了好几个小时。
②Jack promised to entertain me to dinner if he won the game.
杰克答应如果他赢得比赛就请我吃饭。
③I can squeeze time from my tight schedule for entertainment (entertain)．
我虽然很忙，但还是能找到时间轻松一下的。
[语境串记] Li Lei entertained us to dinner on Saturday night, during which Li Lei entertained us by telling many jokes, making it an entertaining night. And we all entertained ourselves at dinner time.
李雷周六晚上招待我们吃饭，期间他讲的很多笑话给我们带来了不少欢乐，使那个夜晚变得很有趣。我们吃饭时都很快乐。
2．(教材P35)As soon as the Polynesian guest tasted the asparagus he remarked how delicious it was.
那位波利尼西亚客人刚尝到芦笋时就赞叹其美味。
?remark v．谈到，说起，评论 n．评论；言论
(1)remark on/upon 就……发表意见；评论
remark that ... 谈到……，说起……
make a remark on/about 就……发表意见
(2)remarkable adj. 值得注意的，显著的，非凡的
①Her father remarked that it was time to leave.
她的父亲说该走了。
②It would be rude to remark on/upon a lady's appearance.
议论一位女士的外貌是不礼貌的。
③Please make_a_remark_on the poem written by Li Bai.
请对李白的这首诗发表一下你的看法。
3．(教材P39)The consequence was that many people were overweight.
结果是很多人超重。
?consequence n．后果；结果；重要性
(1)in consequence of＝as a consequence of＝as a result of＝because of 由于……
in consequence＝as a consequence＝as a result
因此，结果；作为……的结果
take/accept/face the consequences of ...
承担/面对……的后果
(2)of no/little consequence
不重要的；无足轻重的
①It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was canceled.
昨天下雨了，结果比赛被取消。
②In consequence of/As a consequence of unemployment, many people have to leave home for a new job.
由于失业的缘故，许多人为寻找新的工作而离开了家。
③The young should learn to take/face/accept_the_consequences_of their actions.
年轻人应该学会承担自己行为的后果。
4．(教材P39) ... as well as abundant homegrown fruit, especially ripe peaches, grapes, melons and oranges.
……此外，还有大量来自原产地的水果，尤其是熟透的桃子、葡萄、瓜和橘子。
?abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的
(1)be abundant in ... 在……方面很丰富；富于……
(2)abundance n. 丰富；充足；富裕
an abundance of ... 丰富的……
in abundance 大量；丰盛；充裕
①China covers a vast territory and is abundant in natural resources.
中国地域辽阔，自然资源丰富。
②The apple tree yields an abundance (abundant) of fruit.
这棵苹果树结果甚多。
③Medicinal herbs grow in_abundance in the forest.
这片森林里盛产药材。
5．(教材P39)Altogether, with its ample amount of food and drink and its relaxed way of cooking and serving ...
总而言之，丰富的饮食，休闲的烹饪和服务方式……
?altogether adv.总的说来，总而言之；全部，总共；完全地
[一词多义] 写出下列句中altogether的含义
①Altogether (＝in all) the center lost more than 1,000 trees in the hurricane.全部，总共
②Altogether (＝in short/all in all), our achievements are great.总而言之
③He's not altogether (＝completely/thoroughly/totally/wholly/entirely) sure what to do next.完全地
all in all 总之，总的说来，总而言之
on the whole 总的说来
④All_in_all,_things worked out for the better.
总的来说，情况有所好转了。
⑤On_the_whole,_I'm in favour of the proposal.
总的说来，我赞成这个提议。
6．(教材P41)He and some servants followed Kun Xi and Chang to the island and set fire to the hut where they were sleeping.
他和几个随从尾随坤喜和阿常来到小岛后，在他们睡觉的时候，放火烧了他们的茅舍。
?set fire to 放火烧……
make/build/light a fire 点火
play with fire 玩火；冒险
open fire 开火
fight the fire 救火
catch fire 着火(动作)
be on fire 着火(状态)
put out the fire 灭火
①I believe the house was deliberately set fire to.
我认为有人蓄意放火烧这幢房子。
②It took firefighters several hours to put out the fire.
消防队员花了数小时才把火扑灭。
③The building caught_fire and many people were trapped in it.
大楼着了火，许多人被困在里面。
In many homes, the willow pattern plates (named after the willow tree in the centre of the design) are kept for special occasions, when important guests come to dinner.
在许多家庭，柳树图案的盘子(得名于图案中央的柳树)只用于重要客人来就餐的特殊场合。
(1)本句中非限制性定语从句when important guests come to dinner修饰先行词occasions。
①There are always occasions when one breaks the traffic rules.
总有违反交通规则的时候。
(2)在定语从句中，当先行词是age, occasion (时机)等时间名词时，常用when引导定语从句；而当case, situation, point, stage, scene, occasion (场合)等地点或情形名词作先行词时，常用where引导定语从句。
②I've come to the point where I can't stand her arguing any longer.
我已达到再也不能容忍她的争吵的地步了。
③I am looking for a position where my research and writing skills can be made good use of.
我正在找一份能充分利用我的研究和写作才能的工作。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There was good food in abundance at the party.
2．It seems to her that everything is entertaining (entertain)．
3．The building being built was on fire and many workers were trapped in it.
4．People often remark on/upon how alike John and Malcolm look.
5．As a consequence of a great fire the house was completely destroyed.
6．He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Altogether/In_short (总之), I will do my best to help make the sports meeting a success.
2．I like to_entertain_friends_with_music (用音乐招待朋友) and refreshments at home.
3．It's said that the young man was sentenced to five years in prison for setting_fire_to_a__grocery (放火烧一个食品杂货店)．
4．The ocean floor near the continents is_abundant_in (富于) mineral and oil deposits.
5．He did bad work; as_a_consequence/in_consequence (结果) he was fired by the boss.
6．Professor Smith remarked_on/made_a_remark_on (评论) the difference between the two dictionaries.
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She has gained remarkable (显著的) achievements in scientific research.
2．You cannot dress so casually (随意地) on such a formal occasion.
3．The food was declared unfit for human consumption (吃)．
4．There is a growing trend (趋势) towards later retirement.
5．This brand of tinned food does not contain artificial (人工的) coloring.
6．Shops were crowded with customers (顾客) looking over the colourful displays.
7．Helen ordered both fried (油炸的) chicken and salad in the fast?food restaurant.
8．Food left over can be reheated (重新加热) and served again the next day.
9．The way in which we work has undergone a complete transformation (转变) in the past decade.
10．It was raining, but altogether (总的说来) it was a good trip.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．After months of work, the new book is gradual taking shape.gradual→gradually
2．We're just trying to reach a point that both sides will sit down together and talk.that→where
3．I'm not having you make remarks like that in what others do._in→on/about
4．Our abundance resources and stable policy provide foreigners with the advantages of developing their businesses.abundance→abundant
5．He was always diligent in his study and as consequence received high marks.as后加a
6．Stop emptying your pipe into the wastepaper basket; you'll set the house to fire.to→on
Ⅲ.选词填空
in short， in abundance， before long， in consequence of， transform into， make a fire， entertain ... to ...， dress up
1．Information we have is in_abundance,_piling up in databases.
2．In_short,_he is one of the most promising students I've ever known.
3．The room was so cold that he had to make_a_fire.
4．After the performances, the director entertained us to dinner.
5．In_consequence_of his poor health, he lost the opportunity.
6．Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed_into heat.
7．Mary was dressed_up to play Cinderella in her school play.
8．His plan seemed to be too difficult, but before_long it proved to be practicable.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To tell the truth, we don't have much in common, but we get along really well.
2．In short, we know that some power on earth is from the sun.
3．Before going shopping, they usually make out a shopping list.
4．I owe it to him that I finished my work in time.
5．At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.
6．We were all entertained by his humourous stories.
7．He remarked on/upon the prosperous look of the countryside in the interview.
8．You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He couldn't concentrate on study and couldn't make_out what_the_teacher_was_saying (理解老师在说什么).
2．What's_more (此外，而且), he was even absent from school.
3．No_wonder (难怪) he often failed in exams.
4．If things went on like this, he would end_up_in_failure (以失败而告终)．
5．Be careful with that match. You will set_fire_to (点着) those curtains.
6．As_a_consequence_of_the_side_effect (由于副作用) of the drug, he has become a deaf.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When I'm in Italy, I generally only eat Italian food. I doubt there's another country in Europe that has food that can keep me coming back for more.
To eat well in Italy, finding the right restaurant is key. I appreciate personality?driven restaurants, run by people keen (热衷的) to share their love of good cooking, and places serving family recipes. Signs of a good restaurant include a low?rent location, lots of locals, and a small, handwritten menu in one language. The menu is small because they're only selling everything they're cooking; it's handwritten because it's shaped by what is fresh today in the market; and it's in one language because they mostly serve locals.
For a fast and cheap lunch, I look for Italian food in corner delis (熟食店): either a rosticceria, specializing in roasted meats and antipasti (开胃食物)，or a hot table bar — a cafeteria offering a buffet of meat and vegetables. Another option is to drop by a neighborhood grocery store to pick up some cold cuts, cheeses, and other foods for a picnic.
Italians tend to spend a long time on each course, and dinner is the evening's entertainment. For example, when you have a full?blown Italian dinner in a restaurant, you don't get out until midnight; a three?hour meal is common. Waiters often provide lots of drinks that seem designed to keep you from leaving. When you want the bill, you'll have to ask for it. To “eat and run” is seen as a lost opportunity.
A couple of years ago, I sat down at my favorite place in Verona, Enoteca Can Grande, with my friend and guide Franklin. We let the chef, Giuliano, bring us whatever he wanted. Just after the antipasti arrived, Franklin's wife phoned him and said, “Don't eat too much cheese or dessert.” Later Franklin, who was not thin, surveyed our table. Sighing, he said, “The foods are so plentiful but I can eat few.”
“That's a pity，” I said.
I enjoyed the food for three hours and he watched me eating for three hours. Eating in Verona was really an amazing experience.
语篇解读：作者很喜欢意大利食物。在意大利，要怎样才能吃到好的食物？那里的人们在餐厅又是怎样用餐的呢？
1．What does the author want to show in Paragraph 1?
A．He doesn't have many food choices in Italy.
B．Italian food is the best all over Europe.
C．He has a great tooth for Italian food.
D．He doesn't like trying foreign food.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“only eat Italian food”和“keep me coming back for more”可知，作者很喜欢意大利食物。
2．Where does the author like eating while in Italy?
A．At a restaurant at a high?rent location.
B．At a restaurant that locals visit frequently.
C．At a place where waiters don't just speak Italian.
D．At a place which provides various food choices.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Signs of a good restaurant include a low?rent location, lots of locals, and a small, handwritten menu in one language.”可知，作者喜欢去当地人经常光顾的餐馆。
3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Ways to eat simply and cheaply in Italy.
B．Ways to prepare simple food in Italy.
C．Places to have a picnic in Italy.
D．Nice places to eat in Italy.
解析：选A 段落大意题。根据第三段的内容，可知作者主要介绍了在意大利一些吃得简单且便宜的方法。
4．What do we learn about Italians at dinner in a restaurant?
A．They like ordering lots of drinks.
B．They don't consider it fun.
C．They usually spend much time on dinner.
D．They don't like ordering much food.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Italians tend to spend a long time on each course ... you don't get out until midnight”可知，意大利人会花很长时间吃晚餐。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Life becomes exciting when it is filled with adventures. You may say that you are too busy __1__ (go) on an adventure. But if you look at your life from a different view, every day __2__ (be) an adventure. Nothing is certain. __3__ (actual), no one can tell what is going to happen and whom he is going to meet each day. If you think this way, you will feel __4__ (excite) and look forward to the possible new adventures of everyday life.
Besides this, __5__ the saying goes, no man is an island. Your life will be incomplete if you live for __6__ (you) only. Yes, maybe you will have a lot of money and live __7__ comfortable life, but you will feel it is meaningless __8__ you don't share it with others. It would be nice to eat with someone during lunchtime. It is also nice to have someone __9__ cares for you to talk with you when something good happens and have a shoulder to cry on when things get bad. Share your life with others and love everyone __10__ (help) you and around you. Then you will be surprised by love.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
语篇解读：人生本身就是一次充满惊险的旅程，而我们需要做的就是迎接每一次冒险。不仅如此还要关心身边的人，共同分享，互相陪伴。
1．to go 本句考查too ... to ...结构，表示“太……而不能……”，故填to go。
2．is 本句时态为一般现在时，主语every day为单数，故填is。
3．Actually 空格所填词在句子中作状语，需要用副词，故填Actually。
4．excited 空格前feel为系动词，后跟形容词，表示“感到激动的”，故填excited。
5．as as the saying goes“正如格言所说”。
6．yourself 句意为“如果你只为你自己而活，人生便不完整”，故填yourself。
7．a live a comfortable life表示“过着舒适的生活”，故填a。
8．if 根据语境可知此处表示条件关系，句意为“如果不与他人分享，你的生活就是无意义的”，故填if。
9．who 此句是定语从句，先行词是someone，故填who。
10．helping 空格处所填词作后置定语修饰everyone，和everyone之间为主动关系，故填helping。
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Section Ⅴ Writing— 介绍饮食的文章
一、写作要领
在人们的日常生活中，怎么也离不开吃饭、喝茶等行为，不论形成好的习惯还是坏的习惯，不论喜欢吃什么样的食物。这类文章往往可以写成说明文或是议论文。
1．写这类文章一定要明确自己的写作方向，明确自己的态度和观点；
2．在写作中要运用一定的写作方法，清楚地将要写的内容表达出来；
3．还要表达自己鲜明的观点，以及文章用什么时态来写。
二、增分佳句
1．...be supposed to ...
2．keep ... in your left hand ...
3．It's polite/impolite/good manners/bad manners to ...
4．While eating, you'd better not ...
5．You are not allowed to ...over the dinner.
6．You should express your thanks to ...
[题目要求]
起源于西方的快餐在中国越来越流行，尤其是在儿童和青少年群体之中，备受青睐。为此，美国某饭店快餐部在你校进行了一次调查。请你以“Fast Food”为题，写一篇100词左右的英语短文，简单介绍以下几个方面的内容：
1．快餐受欢迎有其原因；
2．从营养角度来讲……
3．医生的建议；
4．你的观点……
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为一篇议论文；
2．确定中心人称：本文主要人称为第三人称；
3．确定主体时态：使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分：说明现象：现如今，快餐在中国日益流行，尤其是受到儿童和青少年的欢迎。
第二部分：快餐受欢迎有其原因；但从营养角度来讲，快餐却差强人意。
第三部分：说明医生的建议；发表自己的观点：对快餐还是少食为佳。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．popular 受欢迎的
2．convenient 方便的
3．order 点菜
4．nutrition 营养
5．far_from 远非
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．现如今，快餐在中国日益流行，尤其是受到儿童和青少年的欢迎。(现在进行时：be popular with)
Nowadays,_fast_food_is_becoming_increasingly_popular_in_China.It_is_especially_popular_with_children_and_teenagers.
2．快餐很方便，可以节省许多时间。(It is convenient to do ...)
It_is_very_convenient_to_get_fast_food_and_it_can_save_a_lot_of_time.
3．你只要进入一个快餐店去订购食物，你定的食物会立刻准备好。(and并列句)
You_just_go_into_a_fast_food_restaurant,_order_your_food,_and_your_food_is_ready_in_no_time.
4．其次，它的受欢迎程度也来自于快餐店的清洁、舒适的环境和优良的服务。(result from)
Secondly,_its_popularity_also_results_from_the_clean_and_comfortable_environment_of_fast_food_restaurants_and_the_excellent_service_there.
5．然而，快餐在营养方面远远不能令人满意，特别是对儿童和年轻人的健康和成长。(especially for ...；简单句)
However,_fast_food_is_far_from_satisfactory_in_nutrition,_especially_for_the_health_and_growth_of_the_children_and_young_men.
6．因此，医生建议人们，尤其是儿童，应该尽量少吃快餐食品。(suggest, as ... as possible)
Therefore,_doctors_suggest_that_people,_especially_children,_should_eat_as_little_fast_food_as_possible.
7．你太忙了抽不出足够的时间，快餐是最好的选择。
(too ... to ...)
You_are_too_busy_to_spare_enough_time_and_fast_food_is_the_best_choice.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．把句1合成一个简单句
Nowadays,_fast_food_is_becoming_increasingly_popular_in_China,_especially_among_children_and_teenagers.
2．用so ... that ...句式改写句2
It_is_so_convenient_to_get_fast_food_that_it_can_save_a_lot_of_time.
3．用含when时间状语从句改写句7
Fast_food_is_the_best_choice_when_you_are_too_busy_to_spare_enough_time.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Fast Food
Nowadays,_fast_food_is_becoming_increasingly_popular_in_China,_especially_among_children_and_teenagers.
There_are_several_reasons_for_its_popularity._First,_it_is_so_convenient_to_get_fast_food_that_it_can_save_a_lot_of_time.You_just_go_into_a_fast_food_restaurant,_order_your_food,_and_your_food_is_ready_in_no_time.Secondly,_its_popularity_also_results_from_the_clean_and_comfortable_environment_of_fast_food_restaurants_and_the_excellent_service_there.
However,_fast_food_is_far_from_satisfactory_in_nutrition,_especially_for_the_health_and_growth_of_the_children_and_young_men.Therefore,_doctors_suggest_that_people,_especially_children,_should_eat_as_little_fast_food_as_possible.I_quite_agree_to_their_suggestion._In_my_opinion,_fast_food_is_the_best_choice_when_you_are_too_busy_to_spare_enough_time.And_you'd_better_turn_to_it_once_in_a_while.
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单元加餐练（一）~（二）
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
In our lifetime, we meet many types of people. For me, the ones that stand out are those who overcome __1__ and have a positive outlook on life. Most recently, I have had the __2__ of communicating with Jaymac.
Jaymac became __3__ at the age of 10. He had a bad condition that left him __4__. He was only able to walk with the __5__ of crutches (拐杖). Jaymac is now 60 years old. As you will __6__ in the words quoted below he has a great outlook on __7__， “Life is full of compensations (补偿), though. I have been __8__ blessed throughout my ‘Life Journey’ with good friends met and __9__ along the way. Life is full of swings and roundabouts; __10__ you can't kick a football, you can turn to __11__ pursuits. So I read and learned and learned and read, endlessly __12__ the world and its mysteries. I __13__ music and movies, good drama, good quality TV, anything scientific, and anything, which makes me think about those things lying just beyond understanding. I am __14__ a radio ham (无线电通讯爱好者) holding a full Class A transmitting license since 1979. So while disability __15__ me physically, I am able to go out and __16__ the world through the air?waves. I have __17__ with other ‘Hams’ all over the world.”
We can all __18__ life either of two ways. We can __19__ on the good and move forward, or we can pay full attention to the negative and cry in __20__.
1．A.fear B．shyness
C．shortcomings D．challenges
解析：选D 根据后文Jaymac的故事可知，这里是指那些面对“挑战”的人。
2．A.expectation B．concern
C．honour D．disappointment
解析：选C 从Jaymac身上，作者看到了积极、乐观的精神，故作者感到自己很“荣幸”能够跟他交流。
3．A.careless B．ill
C．unlucky D．sad
解析：选B 根据后文的“He had a bad condition”可知，Jaymac十岁的时候“生病”了。
4．A.bored B．worried
C．disappointed D．disabled
解析：选D 根据下一句Jaymac只能拄着拐杖走路，说明他“残疾”了。
5．A.strength B．structure
C．assistance D．design
解析：选C 这里是指只能拄拐行走。
6．A.imagine B．read
C．write D．think
解析：选B 根据“in the words quoted below”可知，是指会在后面那段“读”到的内容。
7．A.life B．family
C．friendship D．relationship
解析：选A 根据“Life is full of compensations (补偿), though.”可知，这里是指他对“人生”的看法。
8．A.suddenly B．well
C．little D．hardly
解析：选B Jaymac很积极乐观，他觉得在交朋友这方面“很”有福气。
9．A.compared B．protected
C．made D．improved
解析：选C 这里是指在人生过程中“结交”到的朋友。
10．A.though B．if
C．unless D．as
解析：选B 这里对前面的说法作进一步说明，是在进行假设，故选if，引导条件状语从句。
11．A.some B．common
C．few D．other
解析：选D 根据上下文可知，如果不能踢足球，就转向“其他的”追求。
12．A.curious about B．angry at
C．surprised at D．careful about
解析：选A 根据“So I read and learned and learned and read”可知，作者对世界上的东西非常“好奇”。
13．A.find B．develop
C．love D．know
解析：选C 这里是指作者很“爱”那些东西。
14．A.sometimes B．still
C．never D．also
解析：选D 这里是指作者“也是”一个无线电通讯爱好者。
15．A.informs B．limits
C．preserves D．follows
解析：选B Jaymac腿脚不便，残疾在身体上“限制”了他。
16．A.polish B．create
C．meet D．support
解析：选C 作者可以通过无线电“认识”外面的世界。
17．A.talks B．agreements
C．doubts D．debates
解析：选A 通过无线电作者可以跟世界上别的无线电爱好者“说话”。
18．A.worry about B．look at
C．care about D．laugh at
解析：选B 这里是指可以通过两种方式来“看待”生活。
19．A.sleep B．step
C．feed D．focus
解析：选D 第一种方式是把目光“集中”在好的、积极的事情上面。
20．A.self?pity B．confidence
C．shock D．joy
解析：选A 而第二种是只关注那些消极的东西，在自怜自艾中哭泣，故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
In the UK, most children have their midday meal at school, but in many schools, parents can choose what their children eat. The children can have a school lunch — a hot, cooked meal; or they can take a packed lunch with them, which usually includes cold food like sandwiches.
Often parents prepare lunches on_the_basis_of what their children want. Cathy, a mother of three children, told us, “My children have packed lunches, because they say they hate school dinners. I make 3 packed lunches every morning, so we're like a sandwich bar in our kitchen in the morning.”
However, another mother, Susan, made her choice based on the nutritious (有营养的) value of the food. She said, “My daughter always has school dinners. I think she probably gets healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made sandwiches.”
But how healthy are school dinners? Kaz, a father, wasn't impressed with them. “Fizzy (有泡沫的) drinks were offered and I think there were a lot of chips.”
The question of how healthy school food is was brought to Jamie Oliver, who launched a campaign to improve children's nutrition, after spending a year working in a school kitchen. The TV series about the campaign won an award this week.
He was worried about the junk food he saw being served, which included burgers, pizza and chips. He decided to ban the junk, and started cooking good stews (炖菜) and curries for the children instead.
Jamie improved the school dinners in that particular school, and trained the dinner ladies to cook healthy food. Then he put pressure on the government to improve the standards of school food across the country. And it looks as if the changes have begun.
1．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．School Dinners B．Healthy Food
C．Dinners in the UK D．Research on Dinners
解析：选A 标题归纳题。全文围绕学校午餐展开，先是对比介绍了学校午餐与自带午餐的情况，接着质疑学校午餐是否有益健康，最后介绍了杰米所发起的改善校园午餐的运动。所以选A项。
2．The underlined phrase “on the basis of” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．
A．in spite of B．according to
C．as well as D．for the good of
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的例子可以推断出第一句的句意：父母通常根据孩子们的要求准备午餐。on the basis of“基于，根据”，与according to意思相近。
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Stews are healthy food.
B．Cathy's children like school lunch.
C．Jamie Oliver works in a school kitchen.
D．In Britain, all children have their lunch at school.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，杰米禁止了垃圾食品，用炖菜和咖喱类饭菜作为孩子的午餐，由此可推知炖菜和咖喱类饭菜是健康食品，故选A项。
4．The TV series about the campaign ________.
A．proved to be a failure
B．was created by lots of school children's parents
C．taught parents to make healthy food for their children
D．helped more people to be aware of the situation of school lunch
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第五段最后一句可知，关于这项运动的电视系列剧获奖了，由此可推知它受到了多数人的关注并起到了积极作用，所以D项正确。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Jiangxi cuisine, also called Gan Cuisine, refers to the native cooking styles of Jiangxi Province in southern China. Jiangxi cuisine __1__ (have) a long history and consists of local dishes. In particular, special local products are widely popular. There are various kinds of Jiangxi local snacks and pastries (酥皮糕点) __2__ (cook) by different methods, all of __3__ have their own characteristics. Like the cuisines of neighboring __4__ (province), Jiangxi cuisine favors spicy (辛辣的) flavors. Another characteristic of Jiangxi cuisine is that cold or raw dishes are __5__ (rare) seen there. The reason is that it uses tea oil __6__ its primary cooking oil. If the raw tea oil __7__ (consume), it will cause severe stomach problems for most people.
Due to __8__ (it) geography, fish banquet (鱼宴) is also one of the characteristics of Jiangxi cuisine. It is famous for its __9__ (excellence) freshwater fish banquets. The last characteristic of Jiangxi cuisine is the frequent use of fermented soybean — douchi (豆豉) in Chinese pronunciation and tofu. Fried tofu is __10__ must for everyone during the celebration of the Spring Festival.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
语篇解读：江西菜，也叫“赣菜”，本文主要介绍了这个菜系的一些特点，一起来品味一下吧！
1．has 本文为说明性文章，结合上下文语境可推断，用一般现在时，且主语为单数，故用单数第三人称形式。
2．cooked 本句中有谓语动词，且cook和前面的“snacks and pastries”为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
3．which 这里是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的“Jiangxi local snacks and pastries”。
4．provinces 这里和临近的一些省份作对比，因此用province的复数形式。
5．rarely 修饰动词seen用副词，故填rarely，意为“很少”。
6．as 根据语境可知，将茶油作为主要的烹饪油，use ... as ...“把……作为……使用”。
7．is consumed consume和主语“raw tea oil”之间为被动关系，指被食用，故填is consumed。
8．its 该空格后面为名词，故填its。
9．excellent 此处修饰名词banquets，故用excellence的形容词形式excellent，表示“精美的”。
10．a 此处must作为可数名词，表示泛指，故前面用不定冠词。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Great changes had taken place in the way of communication in people's life. In past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or use the public telephone. But now almost everyone have their own mobile phone. What's even more, people have easy access on the Internet. It allows them to send and receive e?mails whenever we like. With these changes, people's work has been made much efficient. It used to taking several days to hear of each other, but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are in two different countries.
答案：第一句：had→have
第二句：past前加the; use→using
第三句：have→has
第四句：去掉even; on→to
第五句：we→they
第六句：much→more或much后加more
第七句：taking→take; of→from
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你想给你的美国笔友Mike写一封邮件分享你吃过的特别的一顿饭。主要内容包括：
1．食物；
2．人物和地方；
3．特别之处。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mike，
I'm writing to share my special meal with you.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Mike，
I'm writing to share my special meal with you. It was the breakfast my father cooked for me on the morning of June 26th, 2018 when I took an important examination in our city. That morning, with the breakfast prepared, my father woke me up. Seeing the dishes on the table, I felt astonished, because I never thought my father is good at cooking. The tender steamed egg, the spicy fish, the braised tofu with the fried mushrooms looked so appetising that I couldn't wait to wolf them down.
Regretfully, I haven't enjoyed my father's dishes for about two months since the special meal. He always jokes that he was born for some special meal.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
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Module 3 Foreign Food
单元小结
Western food and Chinese food have little in common.Westerners are fond of loaf, porridge, raw vegetables and half?done beef. They often end up with dessert. According to the customers or guests' requirements, Chinese cooks can do everything. Because of the delicious taste and abundant nutrition of the Chinese food, there's a gradual trend towards it in the west.
When westerners remark Chinese food, they give a compliment and lick their lips greedily. They're interested in Chinese cuisine and recipe. Perhaps, Chinese food may be transformed into the westerners' main food one day. Altogether, Chinese food plays an important role in westerners' daily life., 西方饮食和中国饮食几乎没有什么共同之处。西方人喜欢吃(条型)面包、燕麦粥、生的蔬菜以及半熟的牛肉。他们结束时常常吃些甜食。根据消费者和客人的要求，中国的厨师能做任何东西。因为中国饮食的美味和丰富的营养，在西方有一种逐渐喜欢中国饮食的趋向。
当西方人说起中国的饮食时，他们会赞不绝口，而且还贪婪地舔舔嘴唇。他们对中国的烹饪和食谱感兴趣。也许，将来有一天中国饮食将转变成西方的主要饮食。总而言之，中国饮食在西方人的日常生活中起着重要的作用。
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
In our lifetime, we meet many types of people. For me, the ones that stand out are those who overcome __1__ and have a positive outlook on life. Most recently, I have had the __2__ of communicating with Jaymac.
Jaymac became __3__ at the age of 10. He had a bad condition that left him __4__. He was only able to walk with the __5__ of crutches (拐杖). Jaymac is now 60 years old. As you will __6__ in the words quoted below he has a great outlook on __7__， “Life is full of compensations (补偿), though. I have been __8__ blessed throughout my ‘Life Journey’ with good friends met and __9__ along the way. Life is full of swings and roundabouts; __10__ you can't kick a football, you can turn to __11__ pursuits. So I read and learned and learned and read, endlessly __12__ the world and its mysteries. I __13__ music and movies, good drama, good quality TV, anything scientific, and anything, which makes me think about those things lying just beyond understanding. I am __14__ a radio ham (无线电通讯爱好者) holding a full Class A transmitting license since 1979. So while disability __15__ me physically, I am able to go out and __16__ the world through the air?waves. I have __17__ with other ‘Hams’ all over the world.”
We can all __18__ life either of two ways. We can __19__ on the good and move forward, or we can pay full attention to the negative and cry in __20__.
1．A.fear B．shyness
C．shortcomings D．challenges
解析：选D 根据后文Jaymac的故事可知，这里是指那些面对“挑战”的人。
2．A.expectation B．concern
C．honour D．disappointment
解析：选C 从Jaymac身上，作者看到了积极、乐观的精神，故作者感到自己很“荣幸”能够跟他交流。
3．A.careless B．ill
C．unlucky D．sad
解析：选B 根据后文的“He had a bad condition”可知，Jaymac十岁的时候“生病”了。
4．A.bored B．worried
C．disappointed D．disabled
解析：选D 根据下一句Jaymac只能拄着拐杖走路，说明他“残疾”了。
5．A.strength B．structure
C．assistance D．design
解析：选C 这里是指只能拄拐行走。
6．A.imagine B．read
C．write D．think
解析：选B 根据“in the words quoted below”可知，是指会在后面那段“读”到的内容。
7．A.life B．family
C．friendship D．relationship
解析：选A 根据“Life is full of compensations (补偿), though.”可知，这里是指他对“人生”的看法。
8．A.suddenly B．well
C．little D．hardly
解析：选B Jaymac很积极乐观，他觉得在交朋友这方面“很”有福气。
9．A.compared B．protected
C．made D．improved
解析：选C 这里是指在人生过程中“结交”到的朋友。
10．A.though B．if
C．unless D．as
解析：选B 这里对前面的说法作进一步说明，是在进行假设，故选if，引导条件状语从句。
11．A.some B．common
C．few D．other
解析：选D 根据上下文可知，如果不能踢足球，就转向“其他的”追求。
12．A.curious about B．angry at
C．surprised at D．careful about
解析：选A 根据“So I read and learned and learned and read”可知，作者对世界上的东西非常“好奇”。
13．A.find B．develop
C．love D．know
解析：选C 这里是指作者很“爱”那些东西。
14．A.sometimes B．still
C．never D．also
解析：选D 这里是指作者“也是”一个无线电通讯爱好者。
15．A.informs B．limits
C．preserves D．follows
解析：选B Jaymac腿脚不便，残疾在身体上“限制”了他。
16．A.polish B．create
C．meet D．support
解析：选C 作者可以通过无线电“认识”外面的世界。
17．A.talks B．agreements
C．doubts D．debates
解析：选A 通过无线电作者可以跟世界上别的无线电爱好者“说话”。
18．A.worry about B．look at
C．care about D．laugh at
解析：选B 这里是指可以通过两种方式来“看待”生活。
19．A.sleep B．step
C．feed D．focus
解析：选D 第一种方式是把目光“集中”在好的、积极的事情上面。
20．A.self?pity B．confidence
C．shock D．joy
解析：选A 而第二种是只关注那些消极的东西，在自怜自艾中哭泣，故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
In the UK, most children have their midday meal at school, but in many schools, parents can choose what their children eat. The children can have a school lunch — a hot, cooked meal; or they can take a packed lunch with them, which usually includes cold food like sandwiches.
Often parents prepare lunches on_the_basis_of what their children want. Cathy, a mother of three children, told us, “My children have packed lunches, because they say they hate school dinners. I make 3 packed lunches every morning, so we're like a sandwich bar in our kitchen in the morning.”
However, another mother, Susan, made her choice based on the nutritious (有营养的) value of the food. She said, “My daughter always has school dinners. I think she probably gets healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made sandwiches.”
But how healthy are school dinners? Kaz, a father, wasn't impressed with them. “Fizzy (有泡沫的) drinks were offered and I think there were a lot of chips.”
The question of how healthy school food is was brought to Jamie Oliver, who launched a campaign to improve children's nutrition, after spending a year working in a school kitchen. The TV series about the campaign won an award this week.
He was worried about the junk food he saw being served, which included burgers, pizza and chips. He decided to ban the junk, and started cooking good stews (炖菜) and curries for the children instead.
Jamie improved the school dinners in that particular school, and trained the dinner ladies to cook healthy food. Then he put pressure on the government to improve the standards of school food across the country. And it looks as if the changes have begun.
1．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．School Dinners B．Healthy Food
C．Dinners in the UK D．Research on Dinners
解析：选A 标题归纳题。全文围绕学校午餐展开，先是对比介绍了学校午餐与自带午餐的情况，接着质疑学校午餐是否有益健康，最后介绍了杰米所发起的改善校园午餐的运动。所以选A项。
2．The underlined phrase “on the basis of” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．
A．in spite of B．according to
C．as well as D．for the good of
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的例子可以推断出第一句的句意：父母通常根据孩子们的要求准备午餐。on the basis of“基于，根据”，与according to意思相近。
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Stews are healthy food.
B．Cathy's children like school lunch.
C．Jamie Oliver works in a school kitchen.
D．In Britain, all children have their lunch at school.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，杰米禁止了垃圾食品，用炖菜和咖喱类饭菜作为孩子的午餐，由此可推知炖菜和咖喱类饭菜是健康食品，故选A项。
4．The TV series about the campaign ________.
A．proved to be a failure
B．was created by lots of school children's parents
C．taught parents to make healthy food for their children
D．helped more people to be aware of the situation of school lunch
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第五段最后一句可知，关于这项运动的电视系列剧获奖了，由此可推知它受到了多数人的关注并起到了积极作用，所以D项正确。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Jiangxi cuisine, also called Gan Cuisine, refers to the native cooking styles of Jiangxi Province in southern China. Jiangxi cuisine __1__ (have) a long history and consists of local dishes. In particular, special local products are widely popular. There are various kinds of Jiangxi local snacks and pastries (酥皮糕点) __2__ (cook) by different methods, all of __3__ have their own characteristics. Like the cuisines of neighboring __4__ (province), Jiangxi cuisine favors spicy (辛辣的) flavors. Another characteristic of Jiangxi cuisine is that cold or raw dishes are __5__ (rare) seen there. The reason is that it uses tea oil __6__ its primary cooking oil. If the raw tea oil __7__ (consume), it will cause severe stomach problems for most people.
Due to __8__ (it) geography, fish banquet (鱼宴) is also one of the characteristics of Jiangxi cuisine. It is famous for its __9__ (excellence) freshwater fish banquets. The last characteristic of Jiangxi cuisine is the frequent use of fermented soybean — douchi (豆豉) in Chinese pronunciation and tofu. Fried tofu is __10__ must for everyone during the celebration of the Spring Festival.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
语篇解读：江西菜，也叫“赣菜”，本文主要介绍了这个菜系的一些特点，一起来品味一下吧！
1．has 本文为说明性文章，结合上下文语境可推断，用一般现在时，且主语为单数，故用单数第三人称形式。
2．cooked 本句中有谓语动词，且cook和前面的“snacks and pastries”为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
3．which 这里是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的“Jiangxi local snacks and pastries”。
4．provinces 这里和临近的一些省份作对比，因此用province的复数形式。
5．rarely 修饰动词seen用副词，故填rarely，意为“很少”。
6．as 根据语境可知，将茶油作为主要的烹饪油，use ... as ...“把……作为……使用”。
7．is consumed consume和主语“raw tea oil”之间为被动关系，指被食用，故填is consumed。
8．its 该空格后面为名词，故填its。
9．excellent 此处修饰名词banquets，故用excellence的形容词形式excellent，表示“精美的”。
10．a 此处must作为可数名词，表示泛指，故前面用不定冠词。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Great changes had taken place in the way of communication in people's life. In past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or use the public telephone. But now almost everyone have their own mobile phone. What's even more, people have easy access on the Internet. It allows them to send and receive e?mails whenever we like. With these changes, people's work has been made much efficient. It used to taking several days to hear of each other, but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are in two different countries.
答案：第一句：had→have
第二句：past前加the; use→using
第三句：have→has
第四句：去掉even; on→to
第五句：we→they
第六句：much→more或much后加more
第七句：taking→take; of→from
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你想给你的美国笔友Mike写一封邮件分享你吃过的特别的一顿饭。主要内容包括：
1．食物；
2．人物和地方；
3．特别之处。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mike，
I'm writing to share my special meal with you.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Mike，
I'm writing to share my special meal with you. It was the breakfast my father cooked for me on the morning of June 26th, 2018 when I took an important examination in our city. That morning, with the breakfast prepared, my father woke me up. Seeing the dishes on the table, I felt astonished, because I never thought my father is good at cooking. The tender steamed egg, the spicy fish, the braised tofu with the fried mushrooms looked so appetising that I couldn't wait to wolf them down.
Regretfully, I haven't enjoyed my father's dishes for about two months since the special meal. He always jokes that he was born for some special meal.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
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1
课时跟踪练(二) Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．My pay has not increased from the rate fixed (固定的) five years ago.
2．A lot of poisonous (有毒的) waste from the chemical works polluted the river.
3．His cakes were so tasty (美味的) that he sold them in dozens.
4．At this time he was becoming obsessed (着迷) with artistic development.
5．A man who proposes the toasts introduces the speakers at a banquet (宴会).
6．That infamous (臭名昭著的) criminal was finally sentenced to death.
7．Before lunch the foreigner learned how to use chopsticks (筷子)．
8．For dessert (甜食), you can have ice cream or apple pie.
9．Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it's good manners (礼貌) to take off your shoes.
10．Moved by his words, the old man has agreed his requirement (要求)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It was raining so hard.There's no wonder that you were late.There's→It's
2．I ended up with telling him everything although I tried not to.去掉with
3．Owe to the bad weather, the football match was called off.Owe→Owing
4．The teacher asked the children to make a story about a trip to the moon.make后加up
5．The twins have everything in common with except that the elder's eyes are dark blue while the younger's are black.去掉with
6．When I toured Zhangjiajie the first time, I was deeply impressed with the beautiful scenery.第一个the前加for
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The children gazed in_wonder when they saw snow for the first time.
2．The young man owned his survival to his strength as a swimmer.
3．If you don't work hard, you'll end_up failing the exam.
4．You must present your library card every_time you borrow books.
5．Can you give me some advice on how to make_up_for the time I have lost?
6．In_common_with many countries, Britain has serious environmental problems.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Chinese people think a lot about food. I think that they are sometimes obsessed 1.with it. I had eaten Chinese food often, but I couldn't have imagined 2.how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be. The first six or seven dishes seemed to fill the table, with plates 3.dangerously (danger) balanced one on top of another. To my surprise, more dishes arrived. There was enough to feed a whole army. Another aspect of “food culture” is that the Chinese seem to eat almost every part of every animal — much to the horror of many 4.westerners (west). However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me 5.to_accept (accept). The infamous choudoufu is an example.
The first time I ate British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher. I was 6.amazed (amaze) at their easy and graceful manner. At the counter there were colourful 7.mixtures (mix) in eight or nine big boxes. 8.Later (late), I found out that British people like cold food. But in China, cold food means 9.poverty (poor) — you don't give it to a guest! I also learned that the English like to mix food before serving it at the table. The food here goes 10.against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table. Chinese dishes can be photographed and have a nice appearance.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
李明和迈克是好朋友。他们第一次(the first time)见面时，就发现他们有许多共同之处(have ... in common)。然而，他们口味(taste)不同。迈克来自美国，常餐后(end up)吃甜食(dessert)，而李明是中国人，喜欢吃鸡头、猪舌头、耳朵和蹄子。迈克不能理解(make out)为什么李明喜欢吃这些东西。西方人饮食中没有这些，难怪(no wonder)当看到动物的各个器官时，迈克看起来很困惑。
Li_Ming_and_Mike_are_good_friends.The_first_time_they_met,_they_found_they_had_a_lot_in_common._However,_they_have_different_tastes.Mike_is_from_America_and_he_often_ends_up_with_dessert_while_Li_Ming_is_Chinese_and_likes_eating_chicken's_head,_pig's_tongue,_ear_and_hoof._Mike_can't_make_out_why_Li_Ming_enjoys_eating_them._The_westerners_don't_have_these_in_their_diet;_no_wonder_Mike_looks_very_confused_at_these_animals'_organs.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
I'm a mother of two little kids now. Believe it or not, I __1__ college just last year.
After I left high school, I didn't go to college. Instead, I found a __2__ and started working. Later I got __3__ and gave birth to a son and a daughter. __4__， after my kids were born, I started __5__ not going to college. I wanted my kids to be proud of their mother. So I __6__ to go back to school. __7__， I was admitted to a college. But having to attend __8__ and look after kids wasn't easy for me. Though it was __9__， I didn't give up and finally graduated.
One day last year I had to take my final __10__. Sadly, my husband was on a business trip in another country and the babysitter couldn't __11__ it that day. That meant I had to take the kids to my college in order to finish my exam.
When the exam began, I left them with a computer and a tablet on the __12__ out in the hall. But I was __13__ because I knew they weren't going to sit __14__. “To get the test completed, it's going to take a miracle，” I thought to myself.
Five minutes after the exam began, my 4?year?old son, Marcus, started banging on the door trying to get my __15__. When I went to ask him to stay __16__， my professor Dr Krebs followed me out into the hall. I thought he was going to ask me to __17__. But instead, the professor surprised me with an unexpectedly thoughtful __18__. For the next 45 minutes, he helped take care of my son and daughter so that I could __19__ the exam.
I couldn't __20__ him enough.
1．A.entered B．expected
C．finished D．attended
解析：选C 作者虽然已经有两个小孩，但是直到去年才“完成”大学学业。
2．A.place B．job
C．dream D．plan
解析：选B 根据“started working”可知，作者高中毕业后找了一份“工作”。
3．A.married B．inspired
C．improved D．supported
解析：选A 根据“gave birth to a son and a daughter”可知，后来作者“结婚了”。
4．A.Still B．Also
C．Therefore D．However
解析：选D 根据语境可知，这里需填表示转折的连词However。
5．A.suggesting B．remembering
C．regretting D．considering
解析：选C 作者后来去上了大学，说明她“后悔”自己没有上大学。下一句“我想让孩子们为他们的母亲而自豪”也是对“regret”的提示。
6．A.begged B．feared
C．refused D．decided
解析：选D 根据“I wanted my kids to be proud of their mother.”可知，作者“决定”回大学深造。
7．A.Strangely B．Luckily
C．Interestingly D．Surprisingly
解析：选B 根据“I was admitted to a college”可知，作者觉得自己很“幸运”。
8．A.classes B．lectures
C．meetings D．interviews
解析：选A 作者当时在上大学，故这里是指得一边“上课”一边照顾孩子。
9．A.costly B．boring
C．difficult D．annoying
解析：选C 根据“wasn't easy for me”可知，应选C项。
10．A.speech B．advice
C．decision D．exam
解析：选D 根据后文提示可知，她需要参加一场期末“考试”。
11．A.try B．make
C．prove D．stand
解析：选B make it是指“成功做某事”，这是指那个临时保姆那天无法来帮助作者照看小孩。
12．A.sofa B．rock
C．ground D．desk
解析：选A 根据“in the hall”可知，应选A项，表示作者的两个孩子在大厅里的“沙发”上玩。
13．A.upset B．disappointed
C．anxious D．sorry
解析：选C 作者的两个孩子在外面，无人照顾，她应该心里是很“焦虑的”。
14．A.comfortably B．together
C．back D．still
解析：选D 作者的两个孩子还很小，她知道他们无法坐在那里保持“安静”。
15．A.kindness B．attention
C．voice D．sight
解析：选B 作者四岁的儿子敲打门是为了吸引作者的“注意”。
16．A.quiet B．positive
C．cheerful D．curious
解析：选A 作者出来是为了让儿子“安静”下来。
17．A.disappear B．leave
C．explain D．continue
解析：选B 作者当时很担心，以为教授会让她“离开”。
18．A.wish B．sentence
C．offer D．smile
解析：选C 那位教授主动提出来要帮助作者照顾她的孩子，故选C项。
19．A.refer to B．prepare for
C．benefit from D．focus on
解析：选D 那位教授帮助作者照顾两个孩子，这样作者就可以把注意力“集中”在考试上了。
20．A.please B．thank
C．help D．understand
解析：选B 那位教授帮助了作者，作者应该想“感谢”他。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My dream school starts at 8：30 a．m. and ends at 3：30 p．m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn't need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with after?school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
答案：第二句：They→There
第三句：didn't→don't; many→much
第四句：with→for
第五句：第一个hour→hours
第六句：look→looks
第七句：去掉第一个the
第八句：sat→sit; listening后加to
第九句：helpfully→helpful
PAGE
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课时跟踪练(三) Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She has gained remarkable (显著的) achievements in scientific research.
2．You cannot dress so casually (随意地) on such a formal occasion.
3．The food was declared unfit for human consumption (吃)．
4．There is a growing trend (趋势) towards later retirement.
5．This brand of tinned food does not contain artificial (人工的) coloring.
6．Shops were crowded with customers (顾客) looking over the colourful displays.
7．Helen ordered both fried (油炸的) chicken and salad in the fast?food restaurant.
8．Food left over can be reheated (重新加热) and served again the next day.
9．The way in which we work has undergone a complete transformation (转变) in the past decade.
10．It was raining, but altogether (总的说来) it was a good trip.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．After months of work, the new book is gradual taking shape.gradual→gradually
2．We're just trying to reach a point that both sides will sit down together and talk.that→where
3．I'm not having you make remarks like that in what others do._in→on/about
4．Our abundance resources and stable policy provide foreigners with the advantages of developing their businesses.abundance→abundant
5．He was always diligent in his study and as consequence received high marks.as后加a
6．Stop emptying your pipe into the wastepaper basket; you'll set the house to fire.to→on
Ⅲ.选词填空
in short， in abundance， before long， in consequence of， transform into， make a fire， entertain ... to ...， dress up
1．Information we have is in_abundance,_piling up in databases.
2．In_short,_he is one of the most promising students I've ever known.
3．The room was so cold that he had to make_a_fire.
4．After the performances, the director entertained us to dinner.
5．In_consequence_of his poor health, he lost the opportunity.
6．Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed_into heat.
7．Mary was dressed_up to play Cinderella in her school play.
8．His plan seemed to be too difficult, but before_long it proved to be practicable.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To tell the truth, we don't have much in common, but we get along really well.
2．In short, we know that some power on earth is from the sun.
3．Before going shopping, they usually make out a shopping list.
4．I owe it to him that I finished my work in time.
5．At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.
6．We were all entertained by his humourous stories.
7．He remarked on/upon the prosperous look of the countryside in the interview.
8．You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He couldn't concentrate on study and couldn't make_out what_the_teacher_was_
saying (理解老师在说什么).
2．What's_more (此外，而且), he was even absent from school.
3．No_wonder (难怪) he often failed in exams.
4．If things went on like this, he would end_up_in_failure (以失败而告终)．
5．Be careful with that match. You will set_fire_to (点着) those curtains.
6．As_a_consequence_of_the_side_effect (由于副作用) of the drug, he has become a deaf.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When I'm in Italy, I generally only eat Italian food. I doubt there's another country in Europe that has food that can keep me coming back for more.
To eat well in Italy, finding the right restaurant is key. I appreciate personality?driven restaurants, run by people keen (热衷的) to share their love of good cooking, and places serving family recipes. Signs of a good restaurant include a low?rent location, lots of locals, and a small, handwritten menu in one language. The menu is small because they're only selling everything they're cooking; it's handwritten because it's shaped by what is fresh today in the market; and it's in one language because they mostly serve locals.
For a fast and cheap lunch, I look for Italian food in corner delis (熟食店): either a rosticceria, specializing in roasted meats and antipasti (开胃食物)，or a hot table bar — a cafeteria offering a buffet of meat and vegetables. Another option is to drop by a neighborhood grocery store to pick up some cold cuts, cheeses, and other foods for a picnic.
Italians tend to spend a long time on each course, and dinner is the evening's entertainment. For example, when you have a full?blown Italian dinner in a restaurant, you don't get out until midnight; a three?hour meal is common. Waiters often provide lots of drinks that seem designed to keep you from leaving. When you want the bill, you'll have to ask for it. To “eat and run” is seen as a lost opportunity.
A couple of years ago, I sat down at my favorite place in Verona, Enoteca Can Grande, with my friend and guide Franklin. We let the chef, Giuliano, bring us whatever he wanted. Just after the antipasti arrived, Franklin's wife phoned him and said, “Don't eat too much cheese or dessert.” Later Franklin, who was not thin, surveyed our table. Sighing, he said, “The foods are so plentiful but I can eat few.”
“That's a pity，” I said.
I enjoyed the food for three hours and he watched me eating for three hours. Eating in Verona was really an amazing experience.
语篇解读：作者很喜欢意大利食物。在意大利，要怎样才能吃到好的食物？那里的人们在餐厅又是怎样用餐的呢？
1．What does the author want to show in Paragraph 1?
A．He doesn't have many food choices in Italy.
B．Italian food is the best all over Europe.
C．He has a great tooth for Italian food.
D．He doesn't like trying foreign food.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“only eat Italian food”和“keep me coming back for more”可知，作者很喜欢意大利食物。
2．Where does the author like eating while in Italy?
A．At a restaurant at a high?rent location.
B．At a restaurant that locals visit frequently.
C．At a place where waiters don't just speak Italian.
D．At a place which provides various food choices.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Signs of a good restaurant include a low?rent location, lots of locals, and a small, handwritten menu in one language.”可知，作者喜欢去当地人经常光顾的餐馆。
3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Ways to eat simply and cheaply in Italy.
B．Ways to prepare simple food in Italy.
C．Places to have a picnic in Italy.
D．Nice places to eat in Italy.
解析：选A 段落大意题。根据第三段的内容，可知作者主要介绍了在意大利一些吃得简单且便宜的方法。
4．What do we learn about Italians at dinner in a restaurant?
A．They like ordering lots of drinks.
B．They don't consider it fun.
C．They usually spend much time on dinner.
D．They don't like ordering much food.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Italians tend to spend a long time on each course ... you don't get out until midnight”可知，意大利人会花很长时间吃晚餐。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Life becomes exciting when it is filled with adventures. You may say that you are too busy __1__ (go) on an adventure. But if you look at your life from a different view, every day __2__ (be) an adventure. Nothing is certain. __3__ (actual), no one can tell what is going to happen and whom he is going to meet each day. If you think this way, you will feel __4__ (excite) and look forward to the possible new adventures of everyday life.
Besides this, __5__ the saying goes, no man is an island. Your life will be incomplete if you live for __6__ (you) only. Yes, maybe you will have a lot of money and live __7__ comfortable life, but you will feel it is meaningless __8__ you don't share it with others. It would be nice to eat with someone during lunchtime. It is also nice to have someone __9__ cares for you to talk with you when something good happens and have a shoulder to cry on when things get bad. Share your life with others and love everyone __10__ (help) you and around you. Then you will be surprised by love.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
语篇解读：人生本身就是一次充满惊险的旅程，而我们需要做的就是迎接每一次冒险。不仅如此还要关心身边的人，共同分享，互相陪伴。
1．to go 本句考查too ... to ...结构，表示“太……而不能……”，故填to go。
2．is 本句时态为一般现在时，主语every day为单数，故填is。
3．Actually 空格所填词在句子中作状语，需要用副词，故填Actually。
4．excited 空格前feel为系动词，后跟形容词，表示“感到激动的”，故填excited。
5．as as the saying goes“正如格言所说”。
6．yourself 句意为“如果你只为你自己而活，人生便不完整”，故填yourself。
7．a live a comfortable life表示“过着舒适的生活”，故填a。
8．if 根据语境可知此处表示条件关系，句意为“如果不与他人分享，你的生活就是无意义的”，故填if。
9．who 此句是定语从句，先行词是someone，故填who。
10．helping 空格处所填词作后置定语修饰everyone，和everyone之间为主动关系，故填helping。
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课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
French cuisine is extremely diverse, with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food. This variety is supported by the French passion for good food in all its forms, France's extraordinary range of different geographical conditions and climates that support the local production of many types of ingredients (原料), and France's long and varied history. In many ways, an understanding of the culture of French food is an understanding of France itself.
Meals range from the very basic, such as the traditional baguette (棍子面包), cheese and inexpensive wine, to very elaborate meals that can include a dozen dishes and different wines consumed over several hours. Obviously, the latter type of dining is hardly used by most people. However, it is this dining that is typically found in “French restaurants” outside France, giving many foreigners the mistaken impression that French food is heavy and complicated. In fact, much of the French cuisine is fairly simple, relying on high?quality fresh ingredients and loving preparation.
Almost all the famous French dishes are regional specialties. The French Mediterranean uses olive oil, herbs and tomatoes in many of its dishes. The cuisine of northwest France uses butter, soured cream and apples. The cuisine of northeast France has a strong German influence which includes beer and sauerkraut (泡菜). Throughout the south in general there tends to be more use of vegetables and fruit (in part due to the favorable climate)．
Any discussion about the influences on French cuisine would be incomplete without recognizing the historical contribution of Italy to the development of French cooking. In 1533, Catherine De Medicis (a Florentine princess) married a French prince. At this point, France was not known for its food. Catherine brought many Italian chefs with her to France, who introduced to France a variety of dishes, food preparation and dining practices. Although France and Italy obviously have evolved very different food cultures, much of France's current food culture can be traced back to this time.
1．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Chinese cuisine is full of variety.
B．France has different climates.
C．France has a long history.
D．French cuisine lacks variety.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“French cuisine is extremely diverse, with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food.”可知D项描述错误。
2．In France, a meal that includes a dozen dishes and different wines ________.
A．is often consumed by average people
B．can only be found in restaurants
C．is not common among most people
D．is considered to be simple by most people
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Obviously, the latter type of dining is hardly used by most people.”可知C项正确。
3．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．Features of food in different parts of France.
B．Table manners in different parts of France.
C．What influenced the development of French cuisine.
D．How French cuisine affects local culture.
解析：选A 段落大意题。第三段主要描述了法国不同地区的美食的特点。
4．We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.
A．Italian food is more complicated than French food
B．Italian food culture is still influencing French food
C．French food was not as famous around the 1530s as it is now
D．French food is more famous than Italian food
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“At this point, France was not known for its food.”可知C项正确。
B
Over 100 years ago, German immigrants (移民) first started selling hot dogs at places like Coney Island's Nathan's Famous. This is the place where hot dogs were first sold in America, but then something interesting happened. People began making their own hot dogs, and people of every region put its unique things on the snack. So what are America's best hot dogs?
On our search for America's best hot dogs, we kept an eye out for places with a unique style of hot dogs. We made sure of considering online reviews from locals as well as the quality of the ingredients (作料). We also considered the entire experience, from driving up to the restaurant or stand to placing your order to taking that first bite.
We sorted through dozens of hot dog stands and restaurants in search of the best in America. In order to be included, the vendor needed to have a trademark (商标) dog, with toppings that add something extra. For example, Ben's Chili Bowl in Washington, D．C. doesn't only have a trademark frank (the half?smoke), but it also has a trademark topping (chili). It is thought highly of by locals and professional eaters alike, and eating there is a great experience. For these reasons, it's high on our list.
Sadly, there were some famous stands that didn't_make_the_cut. While the original Nathan's Famous in Coney Island might very well be the most well?known hot dog stand in America, it didn't win a place on our best American hot dog list.
The stands that serve the best hot dogs are those ancient stands that have been serving the same exact product day in and day out for many years. People usually have to wait in line for one hot dog from such stands.
5．When Americans began making their own hot dogs, they ________.
A．learned from each other
B．made hot dogs that looked very interesting
C．developed their own style of hot dogs
D．asked for advice from Nathan's Famous
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“People began making their own hot dogs, and people of every region put its unique things on the snack.”可知，人们开始制作他们独特风格的热狗。
6．Which might NOT be considered to find the best American hot dogs?
A．The whole experience.
B．The cost of the hot dog.
C．Reviews on the Internet.
D．Whether it has a unique style.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，A、C、D三项的内容都有提到，但并没有提到价格因素。
7．Ben's Chili Bowl in Washington, D．C. is most probably ________.
A．popular B．expensive
C．big D．new
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is thought highly of by locals and professional eaters alike, and eating there is a great experience. For these reasons, it's high on our list.”可推断，这家热狗店很受欢迎。
8．The underlined part in Paragraph 4 means some famous stands ________.
A．didn't cut their hot dogs
B．failed to appear on the list
C．weren't really that famous
D．didn't change their hot dogs
解析：选B 句意理解题。根据第四段Nathan's Famous例子可知，画线部分的意思是指一些著名的热狗店并没有出现在最好吃热狗的名单上。
C
With the appearance of fast food chains from the West such as McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut, the Chinese are being introduced to a diet that increases the death rate from certain diseases in any population.
The main killers in North America, the diseases such as heart attack and stroke as well as colon cancer, will become a way of death in this country if the Chinese do not act quickly and compete with these health?destroying food chains.
Scientific studies from all over the world show that a diet high in animal foods such as pork, beef, including sugar, white flour, white noodles and even white rice, undermines one's health. Deposits of animal fat cling to the walls of arteries (动脉), blocking the blood supply to various organs. This causes diseases in almost every organ, but in particular it damages two of the most vital ones, the heart and brain.
Compare these problems with the excellent health one may enjoy if one consumes good Chinese food. The cook goes out every day, procures great?tasting, fresh vegetables, then cooks them for just a few minutes so that their nutritional value is preserved and afterwards serves them in a most artistic and elegant fashion. Please cling to your traditional ways of eating. They are far superior to those of the West.
How the Chinese could patronise (光顾) these fast food places when Chinese cook such delectable (美味的) food, not just in this country but over the entire world, is beyond my comprehension. Western restaurants are clean and tastefully decorated. Moreover, these restaurants also do indeed have “good service and an inviting dining atmosphere”. However, Chinese food chains could do likewise if they would organise themselves as the Western chains do.
These lessons in management and decoration are the only ones worth learning from the invasion of this country by the Western fast food chains. In other words, only imitate the style of the restaurants, not the content of the food or the menus in any way, shape or form.
Do not let the desire for money destroy the wonderful tradition that China has established in producing absolutely fantastically tasty as well as healthful food.
语篇解读：西方快餐虽然在很多方面有优势，但非常不健康。从健康角度来说还是中餐好。我们要传承中国优良的传统饮食文化，保持身体健康。
9．A diet high in animal foods is unhealthy, because especially it will damage ________.
A．the heart and brain B．the walls of arteries
C．all organs D．the nerves
解析：选A 推理判断题。文章第二、三段讲述动物食品的缺点，这样的食物会导致各种疾病，尤其是心脏和脑部疾病。故选A项。
10．The Chinese's preferring fast food to Chinese delectable food makes the writer feel ________.
A．pleased B．puzzled
C．calm D．funny
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第五段内容，特别是关键词“beyond my comprehension”可推断出，作者对中国人喜欢西方快餐感到不理解。puzzled意为“困惑的，茫然的”。
11．What we should learn from the Western fast food chains is ________.
A．the content of the food
B．the attractive menus
C．the management and decoration
D．the form of the food
解析：选C 细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段第一句可得出答案。
12．What is the writer's opinion in the passage?
A．Chinese shouldn't learn from Western fast food.
B．Chinese should say no to Western fast food.
C．Western fast food is better than Chinese food.
D．Chinese food is better for our health.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。从整篇文章来看，作者是告诉我们西方快餐虽然在很多方面有优势，但是从健康角度来说还是中餐最好。故选B。此题容易误选D项。仔细读文章可知作者对西方快餐是否定的，是要我们不要吃西方快餐。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Friendships come and go. But what does it really take to be a great friend?
You should know that people need space to grow. We grow in many different ways and walk through many different paths. __1__ When those paths meet, you don't feel angry about the other person for going away. You appreciate it and recognize that this new person might have turned out to be a better person than before.
Everything is natural. Like in a romantic relationship, friendships need to be natural. When you are with a great friend, you don't feel uncomfortable in moments of silence. __2__
__3__ You probably got married and the other person decided to go to graduate school. On your child's third birthday, your friend came and celebrated with your whole family. Then when your friend got married, you were chosen to be one of the bridesmaids (伴娘) even if you lived far apart. This means that real friendships go over several different stages in our lives.
You think about the other person and hope that everything is well. __4__ But in between those busy moments, thoughts of your friend enter your mind and you quietly hope that everything is going well on his or her side.
You keep your lines open. Nobody is too busy to talk to a good friend. Whether you are out on the subway or standing in line at the supermarket, you can answer a call or call a friend back. __5__ After all, when you need help or someone to talk to, it will be your turn to make a call or send an e?mail.
A．You can also simply e?mail back.
B．Your friendship stands the test of time.
C．You share your happiness and sorrow with your friend.
D．Even though paths might separate, they can meet again.
E．You do not hold back if you know it would help the other person.
F．You might be really busy with work after you move to the big city.
G．You can be yourself and the other person brings out the positive side of you.
1．选D 本句承上启下，关键词paths为解题关键，陈述了朋友会有不同的人生道路。选项D中的“paths might separate, they can meet again”和下文的“paths meet”相照应。
2．选G 本句具体说明真正的友谊非常自然，和朋友在一起，就算沉默也不会尴尬，你只需要做最真实的自己就行。
3．选B 本句为本段的主题句，根据本段内容可知，本段主要说明真正的友谊经得起时间的考验。
4．选F 本句引出下文内容，关键词为busy，说明“你”可能会很忙，但是在忙碌的间隙会想起朋友。
5．选A 本句对上一句进一步补充，说明了回复朋友的另一种方法，即用电子邮件回复。
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