Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships—Friendship
If life is war, then our friends are our best allies (盟友). They're the ones we call up when there's a battle ahead and we're going to need some help. They're the ones who come in when we're weak. They're the ones who are always there, supporting us, throughout losses and gains.
According to researchers at the University of Pennsylvania, we choose our friends based on this unconscious notion (信念) that they will support us in times of need. The research leaders, Peter DeScioli and Robert Kurzban, said, “The relationships between friends are similar to those of allies between nations.” Like nations that unite together, we're friends because we trust each other. We need each other, for resources and support. It's a support system that's necessary to our country. Because if you think about it, every great power would be nothing without its allies, and our strength is dependent on the strength of our friendships.
We take care of our friendships the same way we take care of our allies. We support them, go to them in times of need and rely on them in our own moments of weakness. They'll be the first ones there when we've been attacked and the last ones to leave in recovery. We choose people based on the notion that they will provide aid and care when we need these things most. They are a support system we need to create for the tough battles.
Friendships are built without any necessary expectation that they will receive anything in return anytime soon, but knowing that support is there when they need it makes all the difference. We need time to find out whether our friends are our best allies.
According to Kurzban, “We live in a world where conflict can arise and allies must be in position beforehand.” In life, we all may fight a few battles and we feel stronger knowing someone has our back.
Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre?reading
Roy's Story
I remember the first time I met Roy①. He was standing in the centre of a group of boys, and he was telling a joke②. When he reached the final line, everyone burst out③ laughing. Roy laughed too, a loud happy laugh. “Popular boy，” I thought to myself④. My name is Daniel. I was the new boy in the class. Our family was from the north of England, but my father had been offered a better job in London, and our whole family had moved there. I was twelve and, having lost all my old friends⑤， I felt shy and lonely at my new school.
There were 33 students in my new class, and most people weren't very interested in a shy new boy. Roy was one of the few people who were kind to me⑥. He often invited⑦ me to join his particular group, and as a result⑧， I started getting to know⑨ people. Roy and I became good friends. We trusted⑩ each other and we could talk about personal matters?， things that were important to us?.
①the first time作先行词，其后定语从句的引导词实际上是that，此时that是关系副词，可以省略。
②tell a joke/jokes讲笑话
make a joke of sth.拿某事开玩笑
③burst out突然发生，突然……起来
burst into＋n.＝burst out＋doing
④think to oneself心里想
⑤现在分词的完成式作原因状语，表示lost这一动作发生在felt这一动作之前。
⑥who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the few people。
“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，其后定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，其后定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
⑦invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
⑧as a result结果(＝as a consequence)
⑨get (come/turn) to know开始认识，逐渐认识
⑩trust/tr?st/v.信赖，信任
?personal matters个人问题
?things作personal matters的同位语，被that定语从句修饰。
罗伊的故事
[第1～2段译文]
我还记得第一次见到罗伊的情景。他站在一群男孩的中间，正说着笑话。他说到最后一句的时候，大家都哄堂大笑起来。罗伊也笑了，是那种开心的大笑。我当时心里想：“他是个受欢迎的男孩。”我叫丹尼尔，是班里的新学生。因为父亲在伦敦找了份更好的工作，我们全家就从英格兰北部搬到了那里。当时我12岁，因为失去了我所有的老朋友，在这所新学校里我感到害羞和孤独。
在我的新班级里有33名学生。他们大都对(我这样)一个害羞的新来的男孩不太感兴趣。只有少数几个人对我友善，而罗伊则是其中的一个。他常邀请我加入他的特殊的小组，因此，我开始认识其他人，罗伊和我成了好朋友。我们互相信任，因此，我们可以谈论一些对我们重要的个人问题。
Five years later, Roy and I are still in the same class. But just under a year ago, Roy's father was knocked over? by a car. He died a few days later. The family had to move to a much smaller house in order to? manage financially?. Roy, who had always been very close to? his father, changed completely, becoming silent and moody?. He had always been a clever, hard?working? student but now he seemed to lose all interest in? his work. He started losing friends. These days, Roy and I see each other from time to time?， but we're no longer close.,?knock ...over(开车)撞伤，撞死
?in order to为了，目的是
?financially/faI'n?n?li/adv.财政上地
?be close to亲近，与……亲密
close/kl??s/adj.亲密的，亲近的
?moody/'mu?di/adj.喜怒无常的
becoming silent ...是现在分词短语作结果状语。
?hard?working adj.工作努力的，辛勤的
?lose interest in对……失去兴趣
?from time to time偶尔，有时
[第3段译文]
五年过去了，罗伊和我还在同一个班里。但就在不到一年前，罗伊的父亲遭遇了车祸，几天后就去世了。他家不得不搬到了一个小很多的房子，以减轻经济负担。罗伊原来和他父亲关系十分亲密，?而父亲去世后?他彻底变了，变得沉默寡言、喜怒无常。他曾经一直是一个聪明又勤奋的学生，但他现在对学习似乎一点儿也不感兴趣了。他开始失去朋友。最近，我和罗伊还时而见面，但已经不再那么亲密了。
About three months ago, a group of us were playing football together after school. Having left something in the cloakroom， I went inside to get it, and found Roy going through the pockets of people's coats. In his hand he had a wallet — and I knew it wasn't his! My mouth fell open and I just looked at him. Roy went bright red. “I'll put it back right now，” he said, and he did so. I turned round and walked out without saying a word.
Having left something in the cloakroom是原因状语。
cloakroom/'kl??kr?m/n.衣帽间，临时寄物处
find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。
go through此处为“翻找”的意思。
fall open张大。fall是连系动词，意为“进入(某状态)，开始变成”。
go red是“连系动词go＋adj.”结构，表示“变得……”，往往强调向不好的方面转变。go mad/bad变疯/变坏
right now立即，立刻(＝right away)
turn round转过身来
[第4段译文]
大约三个月前，我们一群人放学后在一起踢足球。因为我把东西落在衣帽间了，我就进去取，这时我发现罗伊正在翻别人的衣服口袋。他手里拿着个钱包，我知道那不是他的！我张大了嘴，直盯着他。罗伊满脸通红。“我马上放回去。”他说着就把钱包放了回去。我转身没说一句话就走出去了。
I really hoped that Roy would explain why he had been stealing, but instead he started avoiding me. At the same time， small amounts of money started disappearing from students' lockers. I wondered if the thief was Roy but decided not to say anything to anyone. I hoped it wasn't him.
Last week our school had a big fair in order to raise money for a charity. It was very successful and by the end of the day, we had made about ￡500. Our class teacher, Mr White, came and chatted to a group of us that included Roy, and held up a box for us to see. “There's ￡500 in here，” he said with a smile. But to our surprise， the next morning, we were told that the money had been stolen. Mr White had left the box in a classroom for a few minutes, and when he came back it had disappeared. The head teacher asked anyone who thought they might know something about the theft to come to him.
avoid v．避开，摆脱，躲避 at the same time同时
amount/?'ma?nt/n.数量
amount(s) of后接不可数名词，谓语动词根据amount的单复数而定。
locker/'l?k?/n.(带锁的)衣物柜
but连接两个并列谓语wondered与decided; wondered后接一个由if引导的宾语从句。
fair/fe?/n.义卖会
raise money筹款
raise/reIz/v.筹措(金钱)，相当于collect。
charity n．慈善机构
chat/t??t/v.闲谈，聊天； chat to/with与……聊天
hold up举起 to our surprise令我们吃惊的是
who引导定语从句，修饰anyone；在该从句中，thought后又跟了一个省略了that的宾语从句。
theft/θeft/n.偷，盗窃
[第5～6段译文]
我真希望罗伊能跟我解释他偷东西的原因，但他却开始躲避我。同时，一些学生放在衣物柜里的零钱开始丢失。我猜测小偷可能是罗伊，但我决定不跟任何人说，(因为)我希望不是他。
上周，我们学校为了给一个慈善机构筹款，举行了一场大型义卖会。这次活动非常成功，一天下来我们就募集到了大约500英镑。我们的班主任怀特先生进来和我们一部分人说话，包括罗伊。班主任举起一个盒子给我们看。他笑着说：“这里面有500英镑。”但使我们吃惊的是，第二天早上有人告诉我们说那些钱被人偷走了。怀特先生把盒子放在教室里几分钟工夫，当他回来时盒子就不翼而飞了。校长要求，不管是谁，只要觉得自己多少知道点这个盗窃案的线索，就去找他谈谈。
This weekend, having thought about the situation for a while， I decided to ask Roy about the theft, and this morning I went to see him. Roy was out, and I went upstairs to his bedroom to wait for him. It was a cold day and his jacket was lying on the back of a chair. I put it on and put my hands in the pockets. I could feel a lot of paper notes and I pulled them out.
It looked as if there was about ￡500 there. I was so surprised that I just stood there, holding the notes in my hands. At that moment， the door swung open, and Roy walked in.
现在分词短语的完成式作时间状语。
put on穿上 note/n??t/n.钞票，纸币
pull out抽出，取出
It looked as if ...看上去好像……
so ...that ...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。现在分词短语holding ...是伴随状语。
at that moment就在那时 for the moment目前，暂时
for a moment片刻，一会儿 in a moment一会儿之后
swing/swI?/v.(使)旋转，(使)摆动
[第7～8段译文]
这个周末，我想了又想，决定去和罗伊谈谈这次失窃的事。今天早上我去见他，发现他出去了，便上楼去他的卧室等他。天很冷，他的夹克衫搭在椅背上。我穿上他的夹克，把手伸进了口袋。我感觉里面有很多钞票，便把它们拿了出来。
这些钞票看起来似乎大约有500英镑。我手中抓着钱，不知所措，只是吃惊地站在那儿。正在那时，门开了，罗伊走了进来。
Pre?reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．trust A．to talk in a friendly informal way
2．chat B．having moods that change quickly and often
3．note C．a small cupboard with a lock
4．moody D．to collect money
5．amount E．an act of stealing sth.
6．locker F．an event where people or businesses show and sell their goods
7．fair G．a quantity of sth.
8．raise H．to believe that sb./sth.is good, sincere, honest, etc.
9．theft I．to move backwards or make sth.do this
10．swing J．paper money
1～5__________ 6～10__________
答案：1～5 HAJBG 6～10 CFDEI
Lead?in
What kind of friend do you like?
In my opinion, a good friend should be __________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
参考答案：friendly, helpful, polite, generous, honest, loyal, humorous, warm?hearted, responsible, patient, brave, selfless and so on
While?reading
Fast?reading
Skim the text and match the parts with the main ideas of them.
Part 1 (Paragraphs 1～2) A．I found that Roy stole the money raised for the charity.
Part 2 (Paragraph 3) B．Unfortunate things happ?ened to Roy.
Part 3 (Paragraphs 4～5) C．What I learnt about Roy and we made friends with each other.
Part 4 (Paragraphs 6～8) D．I found Roy stealing from other people's pockets.
Part 1→； Part 2→； Part 3→； Part 4→
Careful?reading
(Ⅰ)Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.
1．What was the author's first impression of Roy?
Happy_and_popular.
2．How did Daniel feel when he moved to London?
He_felt_very_shy_and_lonely.
3．After Daniel found Roy stealing other students' money，what did Roy did?
He_began_avoiding_meeting_Daniel.
4．Why did Daniel think Roy was stealing?
Because_he_saw_Roy_going_through_others'_pockets.
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．What was Daniel's life like when he moved to London?
A．He was very shy and lonely.
B．His family was very poor.
C．He got on very well with the students.
D．Many students liked him.
2．My first impression of Roy was that he was ________.
A．clever and hard?working
B．happy and popular
C．silent and moody
D．kind and friendly
3．How did Daniel and Roy become good friends?
A．Roy used to tell Daniel jokes.
B．Roy often helped Daniel with his homework.
C．Roy was kind to Daniel, helping him get on well in his new school.
D．Roy and Daniel talked about personal matters with each other.
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Roy and Daniel were not friends any longer.
B．Roy needed help with life and study.
C．Mr White is not a successful teacher.
D．Daniel didn't want to talk to Roy any more.
答案：1～4 ABCB
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Roy, who had always been very close to his father, changed completely, becoming silent and moody.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 罗伊原来和他父亲关系十分亲密，(而父亲去世后)他彻底变了，变得沉默寡言、喜怒无常。
2．Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it, and found Roy going through the pockets of people's coats.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 因为我把东西落在衣帽间了，我就进去取，这时我发现罗伊正在翻别人的衣服口袋。
3．I really hoped that Roy would explain why he had been stealing, but instead he started avoiding me.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 我真希望罗伊能跟我解释他偷东西的原因，但他却开始躲避我。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I have a very dear friend named Donna who has a passion for opera. She loves to sing her favorite operas, listen to operas, read about operas, talk about operas (when she can find someone who'll listen), but much to her disappointment, she only goes to the opera occasionally (偶尔)．
Why doesn't she go to the opera more often? Well, unfortunately, Donna's husband and all of her friends dislike opera as much as she loves it, and getting any of them to go to the opera with her is not an easy task.
Donna's experience is a good example of why you should have friends for every occasion. If you've created your own explanation of friendship, I'm sure you'll agree that finding one person that completely fits the_bill is difficult.
Why miss out on doing something you enjoy because none of your present friends are interested? Go to find friends that share your interests. Friendships based on an activity are easy to establish. The main purpose of this website entertainments.com is to create a way for people to find friends that share their interests. Take a look around. Check out the various features of the site. You can make new friends in your neighborhood, or around the world that share one or two of your interests, or several.
Joining a club or taking a class is another great way to meet people that share your interests. However, don't sit back and wait for someone to approach you. Take the initiative and set activity dates. You can limit the friendship to that activity only, or let it expand into other areas of your life. It's up to you.
It has been said that variety is the spice (调料) of life. So, spice up your life by enjoying a variety of activities with a variety of people. Seeking out friends for every occasion will help you do just that.
1．Donna doesn't go to the opera often because ________.
A．she is busy with work
B．she doesn't like opera
C．she doesn't get along well with others
D．she can't find anyone to go with her
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知答案。
2．The underlined phrase “the bill” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．interest in the opera
B．your shared experience with a friend
C．the money you have to pay
D．what you think a friend should be like
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据第三段的“If you've created your own explanation of friendship ...”可知，the bill指“你自己给友谊下的定义”。
3．Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned as a way to make friends?
A．Holding a party.
B．Going to entertainments.com.
C．Joining a club.
D．Taking a class.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段的“The main purpose of this website ... share their interests.”和第五段的“Joining a club or taking a class is another great way to meet people ...”可知，只有A项文中没有提及。
4．What's the best title for the passage?
A．Value the friendship around you
B．Have friends for every occasion
C．Build trust among friends
D．Share your joy with your friends
解析：选B 标题归纳题。本文旨在告诉我们应该交适合每个场合的朋友，因此选B。
B
Once again, I was in a new school. So was a girl in my class named Paris. That's where the similarities ended.
I was tall and she was short. I was one of the oldest in the class while she was the youngest. I was awkward (笨拙的) and shy. She wasn't. I couldn't stand her, considering her as my enemy. But she wanted to be friends with me.
One day, she invited me over and I said yes — I was too shocked to say no. Actually no one had invited me over to play before. But this girl, who wore the latest fashions, wanted to see me.
She lived on the fourth floor in a two?room place with her mother, her stepfather, her two brothers and her sister. When we got to the room she shared with her sister, she took out a big case of Barbies which was my next surprise. I would have thought she'd outgrown (长大而放弃) them. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk?in cupboard laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies. That's when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older. We both had wild imaginations.
We had a great day that afternoon. Our jaws (下巴) ached from smiling so much. She showed me her outfits (全套服装), which had mostly come from a designer clothing store (时装设计店) down the block. The woman who owned it used her as a model sometimes for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange.
Paris had the whole neighborhood attracted. The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines, the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free pieces. Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each other's houses, spent every free moment together. My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall.
Paris, my first real friend since childhood, helped me get through the tough teenage years and taught me an amazing thing about making friends: your “worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend.
语篇解读：作者回忆了转学后，与女同学Paris由相识、敌对到和睦相处，最后成为最要好的朋友的过程以及作者内心的感受。
5．Which of the following is most probably the best title?
A．A story about Paris
B．An unlikely best friend
C．Life in a new school
D．A secret of how to make friends
解析：选B 标题归纳题。作者在文中回忆了最初结识Paris的时候，觉得不能忍受她，所以把她当作自己的敌人，后来她们成了最要好的朋友。故B项切题。
6．The writer and Paris were similar in that ________.
A．both of them were new students
B．both of them were friendly
C．both of them were tall
D．both of them were the youngest in class
解析：选A 细节理解题。从第一段中的“Once again, I was in a new school. So was a girl in my class named Paris.”可以看出两人都是刚到这所学校。故答案为A。
7．In the article the writer describes Paris as a girl who was ________.
A．awkward and shy B．fashionable and proud
C．quiet and lonely D．friendly and lovely
解析：选D 推理判断题。从第二段对两人的对比及下文对Paris的描述中可以看出，Paris跟作者(“awkward and shy”)不同，她既友善又可爱。
8．From the article, we can see that through her friendship with Paris, the writer ________.
A．found she and Paris had more similarities than differences
B．was able to fit in at her new school with Paris' help
C．was not so awkward or shy as before
D．learned more about fashion herself
解析：选C 推理判断题。从倒数第二段中的“My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall.”可以看出，和Paris的友谊对作者帮助很大，作者不再像以前那样害羞了。
C
Theory of mind is what allows us to assess (评价) the mental states (thoughts, feelings, beliefs) of others based on a whole host of input, and to use that assessment to predict and explain what people are thinking. Theory of mind allows us to defeat competitors in business and avoid being cheated in turn, as well as know the unspoken things of romantic (爱情的) relationships.
Unfortunately, men have gotten the short end of the stick when it comes to theory of mind. Girls tend to develop theirs faster than boys, and women generally do better on theory of mind tasks than men.
Fortunately, it's a skill that can be cultivated,_and reading fiction is one way to do so. Studies show that when we read fiction, the parts of our brain responsible for theory of mind light up and keep working. Narratives require us to guess at the hidden purposes of characters, figure out what their enemies or lovers may or may not be thinking, as well as keep track of all the social interactions (社交) between them.
When it comes to building the muscle of our theory of mind, Jane Austen's novels are like barbells (杠铃)．They're all about relationships and what everyone thinks about those relationships. Austen's novels are filled with many characters who constantly guess at the thoughts and intentions of the other characters; each communicates with the others in complex ways that influence the relationships of nearly everyone in the book. For example, in Pride and Prejudice, there are almost 50 different characters, and all of them connect with each other in some subtle way. Keeping track of this web of relationships and figuring out what all those subtle 19th?century British social gestures really mean, become a useful exercise in theory of mind. Whenever I finish a Jane Austen novel, I thus feel a bit more socially smart.
语篇解读：作者认为男人多读简·奥斯汀的小说有助于他们发展心智理论，更好地读懂他人的想法。
9．What does Paragraph 1 tell us about theory of mind?
A．It's mainly used by businessmen.
B．It is hardly used in our daily life.
C．It doesn't really benefit relationships.
D．It helps us know about others' thoughts.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Theory of mind is what allows us to assess (评价) the mental states ... that assessment to predict and explain what people are thinking.”可知，这种理论有助于我们知道他人的想法。
10．Compared with women, men generally ________.
A．have more theory of mind tasks
B．are weak in using theory of mind
C．develop theory of mind earlier
D．consider theory of mind more important
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Girls tend to develop theirs faster than boys, and women generally do better on theory of mind tasks than men.”可知，女性比男性能够更好地使用心智理论。
11．What is the meaning of the underlined word “cultivated” in Paragraph 3?
A．Developed. B．Found.
C．Changed. D．Replaced.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“develop”和第三段后面讲述对于这种能力的培养方式可知，画线词意为“培养”。
12．What does the author mainly want to show by comparing Jane Austen's novels to barbells?
A．Her novels are difficult to read.
B．Her novels have characters with special thoughts.
C．Her novels are all about relationships.
D．Her novels are good for theory of mind training.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段的“They're all about relationships and ... guess at the thoughts and intentions of the other characters”以及“Keeping track of this web of relationships ... I thus feel a bit more socially smart.”可知，这里的比喻是为了表明简·奥斯汀的小说有助于训练我们的心智理论。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
A lot of people seem to believe that successful people spend a majority of their time working overtime and frequently have sleepless nights. __1__ In fact, many of the world's smartest people take their weekends to relax and spend time with their family, themselves, and their goals. Here are four habits that successful people have in common.
They follow a hobby that they can practice every day. Successful people know that there is a lot more to life than working, sleeping, and eating. __2__ When you're able to pick up a hobby that you can practice every day, it may actually help you become more successful. For example, playing a musical instrument improves motor and analytical skills as well as creativity.
__3__ When it comes to reading, summarizing (总结，概括) is extremely helpful and smart. It helps you look for and find the main points and important details in each paragraph that you read.
They share what they learn with others. It's very important to always learn something new every day. __4__ You take in new information and keep it through the books you read and web searches all the time. You have the ability to share that with those around you, and that is extremely meaningful.
They come up with 10 ideas every day. It may sound like a pretty exhausting thing to do at first, but it's one of the most powerful ways to change and improve your life. First, it improves creativity and your problem?solving abilities. __5__ Third, it gives your brain that daily mental practice it needs, which will increase your psychological energy.
A．They follow their questions.
B．They summarize what they read.
C．It is very easy to live in our comfort zones.
D．It would be a very big mistake to think this way.
E．It's equally important to share that knowledge with others.
F．Second, it helps to prepare you to respond to almost any situation.
G．That's why the world's smartest people join in one or more activities that they love.
答案：1～5 DGBEF
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Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.trust v． 信赖，信任 2.chat v. 闲谈，聊天 3.amount n. 数量 4.raise v. 筹措(金钱) 5.swing v. (使)旋转，(使)摆动 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.interpersonal adj.人际关系的，人与人之间的→personal adj.个人的→person n．人，个人 2.close adj.亲密的，亲近的→closely adv.密切地 3.financially adv.财政上地→financial adj.财政的→finance n．财政；财政学 4.moody adj.喜怒无常的→mood n．心情，心境，情绪 5.locker n．(带锁的)衣物柜→lock v．锁 6.theft n．偷，偷窃→thief n．小偷，贼 [联想] ①believe v．相信 ②believe in sb.信任某人 1.trust v．信赖，信任2.chat v．(chatted, chatted) 闲谈，聊天 [词块] chat with sb.和某人聊天 3.amount n．数量 [联想] quantity n．量，数量，大量 4.raise v．(raised, raised) 筹措(金钱)；举起 [联想] rise vi.上升；增强；起立 [串记] He raised the boy high, enabling him to see the sun rising. 他把男孩举得高高的，使他能看到太阳升起。 5.interpersonal adj.人际关系的，人与人之间的 [联想] ①international adj.国际的 ②interactive adj.互动的
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.burst out 突然发生，突然……起来 2.get to know 逐渐熟悉，慢慢了解 3.knock ... over (开车)撞伤，撞死 4.be close to 与……近，与……亲近 5.lose interest in 对……失去兴趣 6.from time to time 偶尔，有时 7.turn round 转过身来 8.raise money 筹款 9.hold up 支持住，举起；抬起；耽搁 10.to one's surprise 令人吃惊的是 1.tell a joke 讲笑话 2.think to myself 心想 3.get to know people 开始认识某人 4.personal matters 私事 5.a few days later 几天之后 6.a hard?working student 努力学习的学生 7.leave something in the cloakroom 把东西落在衣帽间 8.without saying a word 没说一句话 9.wait for him 等他 10.pull them out 拽出它们
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.I remember the first time I met Roy. 我还记得第一次见到罗伊的情景。 the first time意为“初次，第一次”，后跟定语从句。 I'll never forget the_first_time_(that)_I_went_abroad. 我将永远不会忘记我第一次出国的情景。
2.It looked as if there was about ￡500 there. 看起来似乎大约有500英镑。 as if “似乎；好像；仿佛”，引导表语从句，还可引导方式状语从句。 It looks as_if our team is going to win. 看起来好像我们队要胜了。
3.I was so surprised that I just stood there, holding the notes in my hands. 我手中抓着钱，不知所措，只是吃惊地站在那儿。 so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 Linda is so_tired_that she couldn't go any more. 琳达是如此累，以至于她再不能走下去了。
1．(教材P29)Most people have only one close friend, someone they know really well.
大多数人只有一个亲密的朋友，他们真正了解这个朋友。
?close adj.亲密的；密切的；接近的；势均力敌的 adv.接近地；紧挨着
get/be close to 接近，靠近
close at hand 就在眼前；在附近
①Please pay close attention to where they will go.
请密切注意他们的动向。
②The children are close to each other in age.
这些儿童彼此的年龄很接近。
③Now, the important thing is to get the hook close to the fish.
现在最重要的事情是让鱼钩靠近鱼。
④The University of Science and Technology of China is close_at_hand.
中国科学技术大学就在附近。
⑤We should seize every opportunity to get_close_to the masses.
我们要抓住一切机会接近群众。
[辨析比较] close (adv.), closely
close 指距离、场所、地点等的“接近，靠近”，是一种实际意义上的“接近”
closely 指抽象意义上的“接近”，多用于比喻意义，有“亲密地，密切地，仔细地”等意思
选用上述单词填空
⑥Come close. I'll introduce my close friend, Bob, to you.
⑦They watched him closely in case he should escape.
2．(教材P29)A good friend is someone you can discuss personal matters with, knowing that you can trust him/her.
好朋友是你可以与其讨论个人问题并且知道你能信任他/她的人。
?trust
(1)v.信赖，信任，相信
trust sb. to do sth. 信任某人做某事
trust (in) sb. 信任某人
①Can you trust his account of what happened?
你能相信他对发生的事情所做的报告吗？
②If you break your word, he will never trust in you again.
如果你不守信，他决不会再相信你。
③Can I trust you to_do (do) this work well?
我可以信任你把这项工作做好吗？
(2)n.信任，信赖，相信(常与介词in连用)
④Don't put your trust in that man; he may trick you.
不要相信那个人，他会骗你的。
[辨析比较] believe, believe in, trust
believe 相信某人所说的话，相信某事是真实的
believe in 信仰，信奉真理、宗教、原则；信赖，信任某人
trust 相信某人的品德、为人、能力等
形 象 记 忆
选用上述词语填空
⑤Do you believe everything the Bible says?
⑥You shouldn't believe_in/trust the man, who is dishonest.
3．(教材P30)When he reached the final line, everyone burst out laughing.
他说到最后一句的时候，大家都哄堂大笑起来。
?burst out突然发生，突然……起来
burst in 闯入，突然插嘴
burst into 闯入；突然……起来
burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起来
burst into laughter＝burst out laughing
捧腹大笑
①We were having our meeting when he burst in.
我们正在开会，他突然闯了进来。
②The aircraft crashed and burst into flames.
飞机坠毁后猛烈燃烧起来。
③At the sight of his mother, the boy burst out crying(cry)．
＝At the sight of his mother, the boy burst into tears.
看到妈妈，那个男孩子突然嚎啕大哭起来。
④He burst_into the room without knocking at the door.
他没敲门就闯进了房间。
[名师点津] 表示“闯入”时，burst in是不及物动词短语，若加宾语需加介词on，而burst into是及物动词短语。
4．(教材P30)But just under a year ago, Roy's father was knocked over by a car.
但就在不到一年前，罗伊的父亲遭遇了车祸。
?knock ...over (开车)撞伤，撞死；打翻；击倒
knock down 撞倒；拆卸
knock into 偶遇；撞上
knock off 停止；减价；停工
knock at/on 敲(门、窗等)
knock out 击昏；淘汰
①He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.
他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。
②I knocked_into an old friend of mine in the park yesterday.
昨天，我在公园里碰见一位老朋友。
③When he knocked_at/on the door I was cooking.
当他敲门时，我正在做饭。
5．(教材P30)He had always been a clever, hard?working student but now he seemed to lose all interest in his work.
他曾经一直是一个聪明又勤奋的学生，但他现在对学习似乎一点儿也不感兴趣了。
?lose interest in ...对……失去兴趣
have/show/take (an) interest in 对……感兴趣
develop an interest in 培养对……的兴趣
hold one's interest 抓住/保持某人的兴趣
with interest 感兴趣地，兴致勃勃地
be/become interested in 对……感兴趣
①If you take/show/have an interest in maths, you will learn it well soon.
如果你对数学感兴趣，你很快就会学好的。
②Speaking of football, he would continue saying it with_interest.
一提起足球，他就津津乐道。
③I was only mildly interested in the story I read in the newspaper.
对从报上读到的那个故事我只是略感兴趣罢了。
6．(教材P30)These days, Roy and I see each other from time to time, but we're no longer close.
最近，我和罗伊还时而见面，但已经不再那么亲密了。
?from time to time偶尔，有时
at times＝from time to time 有时，不时
all the time 一直；始终；老是
at a time 每次；一次
at one time 曾经；一度
at no time 从不
in no time 立刻；马上
at the same time 同时；不过，然而
①From time to time, I will examine you on the work you have done.
我会不时地考核你所做的工作。
②I stay up very late at_times into the small hours.
我有时熬夜到很晚，过了半夜才睡。
③Don't try to do everything all at once; take it a bit at_a_time.
不要试图一次做完所有事情，要一次做一点儿。
④I believe that my English will have a great improvement in_no_time.
相信不久我的英语将会突飞猛进。
⑤At no time did anyone involved speak to the press.
任何相关人员都没有向媒体发表过言论。
[名师点津] at no time 位于句首时句子要部分倒装。
7．(教材P31)At the same time, small amounts of money started disappearing from students' lockers.
同时，一些学生放在衣物柜里的零钱开始丢失。
?amount n．数量，数额 v．达到；总计
a large (small) amount of/large (small) amounts of
大(少)量的
in large/small amounts 大/少量地
amount to 达到；等于；总共；共计
①An explosion is caused by the very rapid release of a large amount of energy.
爆炸是迅速释放大量能量的结果。
②A large amount of money is (be) spent on the project.
这个工程耗费了巨额资金。
③You'll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way!
你要是老这样消磨时间，将一事无成！
[名师点津] a large (small) amount of/large (small) amounts of后面的名词只能是不可数名词，但当它们作主语时，句子的谓语动词要与amount的单复数形式保持一致。
8．(教材P31)Last week our school had a big fair in order to raise money for a charity.
上周，我们学校为了给一个慈善机构筹款，举行了一场大型义卖会。
?raise vt.筹措(金钱)，筹集；养育；饲养；种植；提高；举起，升起；提出；引起
[一词多义] 写出下列句中raise的含义
①He raised his arms above his head.举起
②His absence raised fears about his safety.引起
③I'm glad you raised that point.提出
④It's difficult to raise a family on a small income.养育
⑤Many shops have raised their prices.提高
⑥They are going to raise funds for the school buildings.筹集，筹措_
[辨析比较] raise, rise, arise
raise vt. 筹措(金钱)；举起；抚养；饲养；提出
rise vi. 升起，上升；上涨，增长；起立，起床
arise vi. 呈现，出现，发生
[语境串记] When they raised the price, a new problem arose.Many workers demanded a rise in salary.
当他们提高价格时，一个新的问题出现了。许多工人要求涨薪。
1．I remember the first time I met Roy.
我还记得第一次见到罗伊的情景。
(1)该句中the first time意为“初次，第一次”，后跟定语从句。
①This is the first time (that) I've been to London.
这是我第一次来伦敦。
(2)the first time在句中还可以用来引导时间状语从句，相当于一个连词。
②The_first_time I saw you, I realized I seemed to have met you somewhere before.
第一次见到你时，我感觉以前好像在哪儿见过你。
③The first time I went to China, I visited Shanghai.
我第一次到中国时，曾游览过上海。
④Standing on the top of the mountain, I enjoyed the beautiful sunrise for_the_first_time.
站在山顶上，我第一次欣赏到了美丽的日出。
[名师点津] for the first time“首先，第一次”，为介词短语，只能用作时间状语，不可用作连词。
2．It looked as if there was about ￡500 there.
看起来似乎大约有500英镑。
(1)句中as if“似乎；好像；仿佛”，引导表语从句，因为所说有可能是事实，所以使用了陈述语气。as if还可引导方式状语从句。
①It seems as if that had happened only yesterday.
那事仿佛是昨天刚发生似的。
②He began to talk as if he had known her all his life.
他开始谈话，好像他生来就认识她。
(2)如果as if从句中所说事情不可能实现，或与事实相反，则要使用虚拟语气。与现在情况相反，从句谓语动词为一般过去时，be动词通常使用were；与过去的情况相反，从句谓语动词使用过去完成时；与将来情况相反，从句谓语动词通常用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
③She behaves as if she were (be) a child.
她的举止像孩子一样。
④He talked about Rome as if he had_been (be) there himself.
他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Soon you will learn to trust in your own good judgement.
2．It is also convenient to live close to your work.
3．Scarcely had she heard the sad story when she burst out crying (cry)．
4．I was preparing for bed when I heard a knock at/on the door.
5．As he grew older he lost interest in anything except gardening.
6．At no time did he realize what was happening.
7．While water evaporates (蒸发), a large amount of heat is (be) absorbed.
8．The workers demanded that their wages should be_raised (raise)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I do remember the_first_time_I_heard_the_sweetest_voice in the wide world.
我确实记得第一次听到世界上最甜美的声音的情景。
2．She looked as if nothing_had_happened_to_her.
她当时看起来好像什么事都没发生似的。
3．If the class is too boring, students will lose_interest_in_learning.
如果课堂太乏味，学生们会失去学习的兴趣。
4．Today many people like to go out to_get_close_to_nature.
如今许多人喜欢到户外去接近大自然。
5．Hank's humorous joke made me burst_into_laughter/burst_out_laughing.
汉克幽默的笑话让我捧腹大笑。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The company is trying to reduce loss caused by theft (偷盗)．
2．He chatted (聊天) with us for two hours and made notes.
3．It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so moody (喜怒无常的)．
4．In that case they would receive financial (财政的) aid from the state.
5．At school she formed a close (亲密的) friendship with several other girls.
6．We must limit the amount (量) of money we spend.
7．He makes contact with wealthy people in raising (筹集) money for the project.
8．She knew beyond question that I was a person who could be trusted (信任)．
9．The boy swung (摆动) on the rope tied to the trees.
10．The course is intended to increase student's interpersonal (人际关系的) skills.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The nurse attends on the patient as if he was her father.was→were
2．Tom was playing basketball for the first time I saw him.去掉for
3．We are close to reach an trade agreement.reach→reaching
4．The sun raised and bathed the earth in its glow.raised→rose
5．She burst in the room, releasing all her pent?up emotions.in后加on或in→into
6．My last job lacked variety; I was doing the same things all time.all后加the
Ⅲ.选词填空
show an interest in， to one's surprise， get to know， knock into， hold up， from time to time， be close to， turn round
1．I am Alexia. Perhaps we shall get_to_know each other better.
2．To_our_surprise,_he could finish the work in such a short time.
3．If you knock_into someone, you'd better make an apology.
4．He should be home soon if the buses haven't been held_up.
5．From_time_to_time I will examine you on the work you have done.
6．The school is_close_to our houses, so it is quite handy for the children.
7．I turned_round looking at the naughty boy angrily.
8．Not only is the teacher interested in football but all his students are beginning to show_an_interest_in it.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
As my father had been offered a better job in London, our family moved there. As a 12?year?old boy, 1.having_lost (lose) all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school. 2.Luckily (luck) for me, Roy, a popular boy and one of the few people who were kind to me, helped me get to know people. Roy and I became good friends, trusting each other and talking about 3.personal (person) matters. 4.However,_five years later, it was his father's sudden death as a result of being knocked over by a car 5.that changed Roy that much. He became silent and 6.moody (mood), losing interest in his work. Seeing each other now and then, we were no longer that close.
Worse still, about three months ago, I caught Roy 7.going (go) through the pockets of people's coats for wallets in the cloakroom. He didn't explain the reason, starting avoiding me. And then, small amounts of money started disappearing from students' lockers. Last week, the 500 pounds 8.raised (raise) for a charity was stolen. This weekend, having thought about the situation for 9.a while, I determined to ask him about the theft. And I found about 500 pounds in his pocket 10.by accident.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
我仍记得我们在会议上第一次(the first time)碰面的时候。你给我留下了很深的印象。从那时起，我们建立了很好的关系并一直保持密切(closely)联系。我记得，会议上所有人都认为你谈到的问题很重要，值得讨论。当你提出我们应当通过为别人做广告来筹集资金(raise money)建一所幼儿园的建议时，大家爆发出(burst into)热烈的掌声。
I_still_remember_the_first_time_we_met_at_a_meeting,_I_was_greatly_impressed_by_you._Since_then_we_have_been_on_good_terms_with_each_other_and_kept_in_touch_closely._I_remembered_everyone_at_the_meeting_thought_the_problem_you_had_mentioned_counted_and_it_was_worthwhile_to_discuss._When_you_made_a_suggestion_that_we_should_raise_money_by_advertising_for_others_to_set_up_a_nursery,_all_of_us_burst_into_a_warm_applause.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Bob Weiser had been driving for Uber for more than six months. Every __1__ in his car had a story to tell, a unique life experience or some wisdom he/she had picked up along the way. Then he __2__ what if he could collect a piece of life from each of the people who __3__ in his car? His only __4__ with these people was that they ordered an Uber in Chicago and had Bob Weiser __5__ them up in his car.
Weiser, 66, is a __6__ pilot who started driving for Uber late last year as a way to keep __7__. “You never really retire (退休); you always have to do __8__，” he said.
He __9__ a black notebook from the store. On the inside cover, he wrote that it belonged to “All that read it with a(n) __10__ heart and mind to share his/her life experience.”
Now, __11__ riders get in his car, her'll pass them the notebook and ask if they'd take a moment to write something in it. He has __12__ more than 800 entries (条目) from riders from different places.
Weiser __13__ that there was one woman in his car who wrote Mahatma Gandhi's “Be the change you want to see.” Then she flipped (翻阅) back and __14__ someone else had used the same quote. She told him she was __15__ and he said to her, “No, that's okay. That's the type of energy that has been in this vehicle, nothing but good energy.”
After his riders write something, they'll flip through the pages, __16__ all the advice and emotions shared by the riders who came before them.
He flips through it himself from time to time and always __17__ himself by how much warmth and positivity people have __18__. No one has written anything __19__， and only a handful have turned him __20__， mostly because they have motion sickness.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Weiser退休后开优步，突发奇想让乘客在笔记本上分享阅历与感言，这让乘客和自己都充满了正能量。
1．A.writer B．speaker
C．passenger D．child
解析：选C 根据上下文内容可知，Weiser是一位Uber司机，因此，此处应该是乘客(passenger)。
2．A.hoped B．wondered
C．predicted D．required
解析：选B 根据语境可知，Weiser就想知道(wondered)如果把每一位乘客的生活片段收藏起来会怎么样呢？
3．A.played B．rode
C．quarreled D．slept
解析：选B 根据前面的“passenger”可以判断此处应该是指那些乘坐(rode)他的车的人。
4．A.feeling B．connection
C．ability D．hobby
解析：选B 坐车的人都是陌生人，因此，此处说这些人跟他的唯一联系是：他们在Uber公司做了预定，让他用车来接他们。
5．A.lift B．cover
C．tie D．pick
解析：选D 根据空格后的“in his car”，并且结合文章第一句中的“had been driving”可知，应该选pick, pick up用车接某人。
6．A.former B．wealthy
C．young D．proud
解析：选A 根据下文中的“You never really retire (退休), you always have to do ...”可知，Weiser现在已经退役了，故他以前是飞行员。
7．A.alive B．quiet
C．awake D．busy
解析：选D 从下文“You never really retire (退休), you always have to do ...”可知，Weiser给Uber开车就是为了有事情做，为了让自己忙起来。
8．A.everything B．anything
C．something D．nothing
解析：选C 根据语境可知，Weiser认为一个人不会真正地退休，他总会想做点什么。故选something。
9．A.borrowed B．bought
C．invented D．lost
解析：选B 根据语境可知，Weiser开始将自己的想法付诸于实践，于是买来了(bought)一本黑色的笔记本，后面的store也可提示答案。
10．A.open B．broken
C．creative D．simple
解析：选A 根据语境可知，能够愿意在笔记本上分享自己的感言或经历的当然应该是心胸比较开阔，性格开朗的人。
11．A.unless B．before
C．after D．although
解析：选C 根据语境可知，当乘客上车之后，Weiser就会拿出笔记本询问他们是否愿意在笔记本上写点什么。
12．A.forgotten B．sold
C．produced D．collected
解析：选D 根据空格后面的“more than 800 entries(条目) from riders from different places”可知，此处应该是Weiser现在已经收集了800多个条目了。
13．A.loved B．appreciated
C．remembered D．considered
解析：选C 根据语境可知，Weiser想起(remembered)曾经有一位女士在笔记本上写了一句话。
14．A.saw B．guessed
C．argued D．heard
解析：选A 根据“Then she flipped (翻阅) back ...”可知，当她翻阅别人写的东西时看见别人引用的跟自己的一样。
15．A.disappointed B．worried
C．embarrassed D．bored
解析：选C 根据上下内容及语境可知，那位女士发现自己引用的和别人一样时，自然会感到很尴尬。
16．A.looking after B．taking in
C．laughing at D．picking out
解析：选B 根据空格前内容可知答案。乘客在翻阅的时候自然会吸纳他人所分享的内容。
17．A.offers B．enjoys
C．promises D．surprises
解析：选D 根据语境可知，当Weiser自己翻阅那本笔记本时，看到那么多的正能量，也会感到惊奇。
18．A.stored B．shared
C．saved D．searched
解析：选B 根据句意可知，这些正能量和温暖都是每一位乘客分享的。
19．A.valuable B．interesting
C．unpleasant D．secret
解析：选C 根据前面的“how much warmth and positivity people have ...”可知，没有人写消极的令人不愉快的内容。
20．A.down B．up
C．over D．on
解析：选A 根据下文的“mostly because they have motion sickness”及语境可知，只有很少的人会拒绝他的请求，大都是因为他们会晕车。turn sb. down意为“拒绝某人”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
A neighborhood kid with branches and leaves covered a large part of his body and a piece of cloth around his heads came into our front yard. He looked like a little soldier whom was hiding himself. I asked him, “What are you doing here？” “I'm acting like a tree, so I want to attract butterflies，” he said. As he waited on the grass, I brought out of a huge blue butterfly I had bought in Malaysia and hid them behind my back. I walked over, pulled out a butterfly, and said, “A butterfly has come see you.” He was surprised and took deeply breaths, and his eyes widened. His wishes won't always come true, but one does that day.
答案：第一句：covered→covering; heads→head
第二句：whom→who/that
第四句：so→because
第五句：去掉of; them→it
第六句：a→the; see前加to
第七句：deeply→deep
第八句：does→did
PAGE
12
Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
[原文呈现]
Childhood Friends
The first time I lost my best friend①， I thought it was the end of the world. I don't mean that he died, he just went away②， but I still measure③ all pain by how hurt④ I was when Danny left.
I was blessed with⑤ a happy childhood, one that most people would want to have⑥. We lived in a small bungalow⑦ in a tiny village in Scotland and we were a very close family. Our neighbours next door had a son named Danny⑧， and we grew up together.
[读文清障]
①the first time引导时间状语从句，起连词的作用。
②go away离开 pass away离世
③measure v．测量，衡量
④hurt/h??t/adj.(感到)痛苦的，受到伤害的
⑤(be) blessed with享有……的福气
⑥that most people would want to have是定语从句，修饰one。此处的one是a happy childhood的同位语。
⑦bungalow/'b??ɡ??l??/n.(有平台的)平房
⑧过去分词短语named Danny作son的后置定语。
童年好友
[第1～2段译文]
我第一次失去至交时，我以为那是世界末日。我并不是说他已经不在人世了，他仅仅是离开了，但我依然根据丹尼离开时我的伤心程度来衡量全部痛苦。
我非常幸运拥有一个幸福的童年，一段大多数人都希望拥有的时光。我们住在苏格兰一个小村庄的一所小平房里，我们是一个非常亲密的家庭。我们隔壁邻居家有个叫丹尼的孩子，我们一起长大。
We spent long summer evenings in the pine⑨ forests, digging up⑩ worms? for fishing, and collecting feathers left by the birds in the cages? where they had been kept for the hunters?. It was here that I discovered that I was allergic to? the tiny? flies? ?which bit me and made my face swell?. There were a few walnut? trees above the village and we would chase the squirrels? away and wait for them to ripen. Of course, it was too far north for a proper harvest. On windy days we'd slide down the stony slopes to the loch and feel the spray of the sea in our faces.
⑨pine/paIn/n.松树
⑩dig up挖，掘。此处digging ...和collecting ...并列作伴随状语。
?worm/w??m/n.虫，蠕虫，蚯蚓 ?cage/keId?/n.笼子
?过去分词短语left by ...作定语，修饰feathers; where引导定语从句，修饰cages。
?(be) allergic to对……过敏 ?tiny/'taIni/adj.微小的
?It was ...that ...是强调句型； that从句作discovered的宾语。
?which引导定语从句，修饰the tiny flies。
?swell/swel/v.肿，肿大 ?walnut/'w??ln?t/n.胡桃
?squirrel/'skwIr?l/n.松鼠 ripen/'raIp?n/v.成熟
harvest/'hɑ?vIst/n.收获
slide/slaId/v.滑，滑行，滑落 slide down沿着……滑行
stony/'st??ni/adj.石头的，多石的
loch/l?k/n.(狭长的)海湾 spray/spreI/n.水花，浪花
[第3段译文]
我们在松树林中度过漫长的夏日黄昏，挖钓鱼用的蚯蚓，捡鸟儿掉的羽毛，那些鸟儿曾被关养在笼中，以供打猎之用。就是在这里，我发现我对一些很小的苍蝇过敏。这种苍蝇一咬我，我的脸就会肿。村子上面有一些胡桃树，我们会赶走松鼠，等待胡桃的成熟。当然，那里太靠北了，很难完全收获的。有风的日子我们就顺着石坡滑到海边，感受水中的浪花溅到脸上。
Danny was a good carpenter too, and we made brooms out of branches, which we tried to sell in the village shop. We built a tree house, where we smoked our first cigar， and I was sick! Once I slipped on some damp leaves, fell out, scratched my arms and cut the heel of my foot, so he washed my wounds in the stream. He was a very considerate boy for someone so young. My mother simply scolded me for tearing my underwear.
We were on good terms with everyone in the village, and we even gave a salute to the local policeman as he passed on his bicycle. But in our imagination， he was an enemy soldier, and we were two spies looking for secrets.
It was the finest friendship anyone could have， and life seemed perfect.
carpenter/'kɑ?pInt?/n.木匠，木工
broom/bru?m/n.扫帚
which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰brooms。
cigar/sI'ɡɑ?/n.雪茄 slip/slIp/v.滑倒，失足
damp/d?mp/adj.潮湿的
scratch/skr?t?/v.擦伤，划伤
heel/hi?l/n.脚后跟，踵部 wound n．伤口
considerate/k?n'sId?r?t/adj.体贴的，考虑周到的
It's considerate of sb. to do sth.某人做某事考虑周到。
scold/sk??ld/v.责备，申斥
scold sb. for doing sth.责备某人做某事
tear/te?/v.撕破，撕裂
underwear/'?nd??we?/n.内衣
(be) on good terms with与某人关系很好
salute/s?'lu?t/n.致敬，行礼
give a salute to sb.向某人敬礼
as he passed on his bicycle是时间状语从句。
imagination n．想象 spy/spaI/n.间谍，侦探
anyone could have是定语从句，修饰friendship。
perfect/'p??fIkt/adj.完美的
[第4～6段译文]
丹尼还是个好木匠，我们把树枝做成扫帚，想方设法在村里的店铺里卖掉。我们盖起一所树屋，在那里我们抽了第一支雪茄，我一点儿都不喜欢！有一次我在湿树叶上滑了一跤，摔了出去，擦破了胳膊，划伤了脚后跟，于是他在小溪里帮我清洗伤口。对于一个还那么小的孩子来说，他照顾人非常体贴。我妈妈仅仅因为我撕破了内衣而责备了我。,我们跟村里的每个人都相处得很好。连当地的警察骑着自行车经过时，我们都会向他敬礼。但在我们的想象中，他是一名敌方战士，而我们则是两个窃取情报的间谍。,那是任何人所能拥有的最好的友谊，生活似乎是完美的。
And then at the age of 14, his parents moved to London, over 400 kilometres away. The pain was acute， and I couldn't forgive Danny for leaving me. I felt he had betrayed me. It was the worst loss I have ever experienced.
I'm now back in touch with Danny, and it's a privilege to call him my friend. We're both much more mature now, and we're still very alike.
But while I'm nostalgic for the happy times we spent together many years ago， I'm ashamed of my feelings, and I don't want to rewind the recording of my life and remember my loss and my pain.
acute/?'kju?t/adj.剧烈的，急剧的
forgive/f?'ɡIv/v.原谅，宽恕
forgive sb. for doing sth.原谅某人做某事
betray/bI'treI/v.背叛
loss/l?s/n.损失 run/operate at a loss亏本经营
I have ever ...是省略了关系词的定语从句； ever用在含最高级的句子中，加强语气。
be back in touch with与……恢复联系
privilege/'prIv?lId?/n.权利，特权
mature adj.成熟的
alike/?'laIk/adj.相像的，相似的
(be) nostalgic for对……很怀念
we spent ...为省略了关系词的定语从句。
(be) ashamed of对……感到惭愧/羞耻
rewind/?ri?'waInd/v.倒(磁带)，倒回去
[第7～9段译文]
后来，14岁的时候，他父母搬到了伦敦，距村子400多千米远。那种痛苦是强烈的，我不能原谅丹尼离我而去。我觉得他背叛了我。这是我曾遭受过的最严重的损失。,现在我和丹尼又恢复联系了，而能够称他为我的朋友是我的荣幸。我们现在都成熟多了，而且我们还很相像。,但当我回忆起许多年前我们一起度过的美好时光时，我为我的感情感到羞愧，我不想重拾以前的生活，唤起我曾经的损失和痛苦。
[原文呈现]
Poems on Page 39
1．When you are old and grey and full of sleep
And nodding by the fire, take down① this book，
And slowly read, and dream of② the soft look
Your eyes had once, and of their shadows③ deep；
How many loved your moments of glad grace，
And loved your beauty with love false④ or true；
But one man loved the pilgrim⑤ soul in you，
And loved the sorrows⑥ of your changing face.
And bending down⑦ beside the glowing⑧ bars，
Murmur⑨， a little sadly, how love fled⑩
And paced? upon the mountains overhead，
And hid his face amid? a crowd of? stars.
W．B. Yeats(1865－1939)
[读文清障]
①take down拿下来
②dream of (doing) sth.梦想(做)某事(of可换为about)
③shadow n．阴影
④false adj.假的，虚伪的；错误的
⑤pilgrim/'pIlɡrIm/n.朝圣者
⑥sorrow n．悲伤
joys and sorrows欢乐与悲伤
⑦bend down弯下腰，垂下头
⑧glowing/'ɡl??I?/adj.炽热的，发光的
⑨murmur/'m??m?/v.低声说，喃喃道
⑩flee/fli?/v.逃跑，逃走
?pace/peIs/v.踱步走
?amid/?'mId/prep.在……中
?a crowd of一群，be crowded with挤满了……
[第1段译文]
当你老了，白发苍苍，睡眼惺忪
在火炉边打盹时，请取下这本书，
慢慢读，梦忆起你昔日温柔的目光
你的眼神中，闪现出一霎那么深情的梦影；
曾有多少人爱你的优雅快乐的时候，
爱慕你的美丽，假意或真心；
但唯有一人，爱你朝圣者的灵魂，
爱你容颜渐衰的哀伤。
垂下头来，在霓虹闪烁的酒吧旁，
伤感地低叹爱的消逝
漫步在高高的山冈，
在群星之间隐藏着他的脸庞。
威廉·巴特勒·叶芝(1865—1939)
2．We are all liars?， because
The truth of yesterday becomes a lie tomorrow，
Whereas? letters are fixed，
And we live by? the letter of truth.
The love I feel for my friend, this year，
Is different from the love I felt last year.
If it were not so?， it would be a lie.
Yet we reiterate? love! love! love!
As if it were a coin with a fixed value?
Instead of? a flower that dies, and opens a different bud.
D．H.Lawrence(1885－1930)
?liar/'laI?/n.撒谎者
?whereas conj.然而
?live by靠……生存
live on依靠……生活，以……为食
?if it were not so是虚拟条件句，此时句中的be动词常用were。
?reiterate/ri'It??reIt/v.反复地说，重述
?as if好像，后接的句子使用了虚拟语气。
?instead of代替，而不是
bud/b?d/n.(花、枝、叶等的)苞，蓓蕾
[第2段译文]
我们都是说谎者，因为
昨日的真相会成为明天的谎言，
然而文学是不变的，
我们靠着真实的文学生存。
今年，我感受到对朋友的爱，
与去年不同。
若非如此，那必定是在说谎。
然而我们一遍遍地说着爱！爱！爱！
仿佛那是一枚定值的硬币
而不是枯萎后又绽出新芽的花。
戴·赫·劳伦斯(1885—1930)
3．You love the roses — so do I. I wish
The sky would rain down roses, as they rain
From off the shaken bush. Why will it not?
Then all the valley would be pink and white
And soft to tread on. They would fall as light
As feathers， smelling sweet; and it would be
Like sleeping and like waking, all at once！
George Eliot(1819－1880)
so do I我也如此。
so I do表示“我的确如此”。
shaken adj.摇晃的，摇摆的
tread/tred/v.踩，踏
as light as feathers像羽毛一样轻
all at once突然，忽然
all of a sudden忽然，突然
[第3段译文]
你热爱玫瑰，我也如此。我希望
天空落下玫瑰雨，仿佛玫瑰花瓣
像雨一样从摇曳的灌木枝上飘落。为什么不下呢？
那样的话，整个山谷就会变得粉红和雪白
踩在上面软绵绵的。它们轻飘
如细羽，芳香宜人；分不清是
在梦里还是醒着！
乔治·艾略特(1819—1880)
4．Should auld acquaintance be forgot，
And never brought to mind？
Should auld acquaintance be forgot，
And auld lang syne？
For auld lang syne, my dear，
For auld lang syne，
We'll take a cup of kindness yet，
For auld lang syne!
Robert Burns(1759－1796),auld/??ld/adj.老的，旧的(苏格兰语)＝old
acquaintance n．熟人
结识/认识某人
bring ...to mind使……想起
call ...to mind使……想起
Auld Lang Syne/???ld l?? 'zaIn/友谊地久天长(苏格兰民歌，通常在新年前夕的午夜，人们围成圈、手挽手地演唱)
[第4段译文]
旧日朋友岂能相忘，
心中能不怀想？
旧日朋友岂能相忘，
友谊地久天长。
友谊地久天长，
友情常在我心，
亲密的朋友，举杯痛饮，
同声歌唱友谊地久天长！
罗伯特·彭斯(1759—1796)
Step 1 Read the passage on Pages 36～37, and decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F)．
1．I was very sad because of Danny's death.__F__
2．We got along well with everyone in the village.__T__
3．The local policeman was in fact an enemy soldier.__F__
4．At the age of 14, I moved to London, over 400 km away.__F__
Step 2 Read the four poems on Page 39 and choose the best answers.
1．“...take down this book, And slowly read ...” What book do you think this might be?
A．A novel. B．A magazine.
C．A diary or a journal. D．A textbook.
2．The second poem mainly describes ________.
A．someone in love
B．unhappy love
C．friendship
D．someone falling out of love
3．In “Whereas letters are fixed”， the underlined word can be replaced by “________”．
A．fastened B．prepared
C．repaired D．determined
答案：1～3 CDA
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.confront v． 面对(危险、困难) 2.count v. 数 3.lively adj. 活泼的，有生气的4.quarrel v．& n. 吵架 5.regret v. 后悔，悔恨 6.alike adj. 相像的，相似的 7.betray v. 背叛 8.scold v. 责备，申斥 9.hurt adj. (感到)痛苦的，受到伤害的 10.tear v. 撕破，撕裂 11.privilege n. 权利，特权 12.flee v. 逃跑，逃走 13.reunite v. 重聚 14.mention v. 提到，涉及 15.bottom n. 底部，底端 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的→consider v．认为；考虑→consideration n．考虑；认为 2.loss n．损失→lose v．失去 3.perfect adj.完美的→perfectly adv.完美地→perfection n．完全，完美 4.predict v．预言；预测→prediction n．预言；预测 5.liar n．撒谎者→lie v．撒谎 1.confront v．面对(危险、困难)[同义] face v．面对；面向……；正视 [词块] ①face up to勇敢地面对 ②be faced with ...面对…… 2.lively adj.活泼的，有生气的 [联想] lovely adj.可爱的；令人愉快的；好看的 3.alike adj.相像的，相似的 [联想] ①like prep.像 ②similar adj.相似的 ③resemble vt.与……相似 4.hurt adj.(感到)痛苦的，受到伤害的 [联想] ①injured adj.受伤的 ②wounded adj.受伤的 5.tear v．撕破，撕裂 [联想] ear－ore－orn型动词 ①tear－tore－torn ②wear－wore－worn ③bear－bore－born ④swear－swore－sworn 6.reunite v．重聚 [联想] re?前缀动词小聚 ①rebuild重建 ②retell重述 ③rewrite重写 ④recycle再利用 ⑤reuse再使用 ⑥refresh使恢复精力7.mention v．提到，涉及 [联想] ①refer to提及，谈到 ②speak of提及 8.loss n．损失 [词块] at a loss不知所措
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.on the phone 在通电话 2.make up 和好，和解 3.keep in touch 保持联系 4.lose touch with 与……失去联系 5.(be) ashamed of 对……感到惭愧/羞耻 6.(be) blessed with 享有……的福气 7.(be) allergic to 对……过敏 8.(be) on good terms with 与某人关系很好 9.(be) nostalgic for 对……很怀念 10.all at once 突然，忽然 11.bring ...to mind 使……想起 12.in return 反过来；作为交换 13.belong to 属于 14.from the bottom of one's heart 真心诚意地，发自内心地 1.since the age of eleven 自从11岁2.get on very well 相处很好 3.a lively personality 活泼的个性 4.keep in touch through email 通过电子邮件保持联系 5.a happy childhood 幸福的童年 6.on windy days 在刮风的日子 7.make brooms out of branches 用树枝做扫帚 8.on his bicycle 骑着他的自行车 9.for a long time 很长时间 10.old school friends 老校友 11.of their own 他们自己的 12.build the website 建网站 13.join the website 加入网站 14.through the website 通过网站 15.with their help 在他们的帮助下
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.He was looking through them when a boy put his head round the door and said ... 他正在翻阅它们，这时一个男孩把头伸进门说…… be doing ...when ...表示“正在做……这时突然/就在那时……”，when为并列连词，强调另一个动作的突然发生。 They were_talking_about_Tom_when he stepped in. 他们正在谈论汤姆，这时汤姆走了进来。
2.On returning to his desk, he found it had gone. 一回到课桌旁，他就发现它没了。 on doing ...意为“一……就……”，用于引起时间状语从句。 On_finding_a_fault,_he reported it to the person in charge. 一发现错误，他就向负责人报告。
3.You love the roses — so do I．你热爱玫瑰——我也如此。 “so＋助动词＋主语”表示“某人/某物也是如此”。 He finished his homework. So_did_I．他完成了家庭作业，我也完成了。
4.It would have been impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited. 要是没有“老友重聚”网站的帮助，我就不可能找到我女儿。 without短语表示含蓄的虚拟条件，此处表示对过去的虚拟。 I wouldn't_have_made_such_great_progress without your help. 如果没有你的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。
1．(教材P32)When did the writer decide to confrontRoy?
作者决定什么时间面对罗伊？
?confront v．面对(危险、困难)
be confronted with 面对……
confront sb. with 使某人面对或正视……
①He warned us about the serious situation that confronted us.
他提醒我们面临着严重的形势。
②We should solve the problems that we are confronted with.
我们应该解决面临的问题。
③Only when the police confronted_her_with evidence did she admit stealing the money.
只有在警方让她面对证据时，她才承认偷了钱。
2．(教材P32)Having counted the money, Mr White put it in the box.
数过钱后，怀特先生把它放进盒子里。
?count v．数，包括；看作，认为；重要，有价值
count in/out 把……算在内/不包括……
count (...) as ... 认为(……)是……
count sb./sth.＋to be＋adj./n. 认为某人/某物……
count for 有价值，重要
count on/upon 依靠；指望
①It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
重要的不是你读了多少书，而是你读了什么书。
②Two children under the age of ten count as one person.
十岁以下的两个儿童算作一人。
③Knowledge without common sense counts_for little.
光有学问而无常识，则这种学问没什么价值。
④You can count on/upon him because he is a reliableman.
你可以指望他，因为他是个可靠的人。
3．(教材P33)They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up and become best friends again.
她们有过三次大的争吵，但是她们每次都和好了并且再次成为最好的朋友。
?quarrel v．& n．吵架，争吵
quarrel with sb. about/over sth. 因某事和某人争吵
have a quarrel with sb. over/about sth.
为某事与某人争吵
①We students should not quarrel with our classmates about/over little things.
我们学生不应该因为小事而和同学吵架。
②I had a quarrel with my sister about/over the plan.
我和妹妹就这个计划争吵起来。
?make up
[一词多义] 写出下列句中make up的含义
①They two finally made up after two months' time without even a single word.和好
②He wants to make up a story about their helping the old.编造
③They made up their inexperience by careful preparation for each lesson.弥补
④Lots of different groups of people make up society.组成，构成
⑤Today it is common that women and girls make up in public.化妆
[名师点津] 表示“弥补，补偿”时，make up可以直接加宾语，也可以与for连用后再加宾语。
⑥His intelligence made_up_for his lack of experience.
他的智慧弥补了他的经验不足。
4．(教材P33)Liao Mei really regrets these quarrels.
廖梅对这些争吵真的很后悔。
?regret
(1)v.后悔，悔恨
①She refused our help and she didn't regret it.
她拒绝了我们的帮助，对此她并不感到后悔。
regret doing sth. 为做了……而感到后悔
regret to do sth. 遗憾地做某事
regret that/wh? ... 很遗憾/后悔……
②I regret that I did not take your advice.
我后悔没有听你的劝告。
③I have regretted having_left (leave)the work unfinished.
这件工作我没有做完，感到有些遗憾。
④I regret to_say (say) that you have failed your exam.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试不及格。
(2)n.[C，U]懊悔，遗憾
with regret 遗憾地
express one's regret at/for/over
(某人)对……表示遗憾
much to one's regret/to one's great regret
使某人大为遗憾的是
⑤He told me with regret that he could not come to the party.
他遗憾地对我说他不能来参加这个聚会了。
⑥Much_to_my_regret/To_my_great_regret,_I am unable to accept your invitation.
很抱歉，我不能接受你的邀请。
5．(教材P33)Even when the two girls went to different colleges at the age of 18, they kept in touch through email and still stayed best friends.
甚至当这两个女孩在18岁去了不同的大学时，她们还通过电子邮件保持联系，仍然是最好的朋友。
?keep in touch保持联系
keep/stay in touch with ... 与……保持联系
be in touch with ... 和……有联系
be out of touch with ... 和……失去联系
get in touch with ... 和……取得联系
lose touch with ... 和……失去联系
①He expressed the hope that we would keep in touch with his firm.
他表示希望我们与他的公司保持联系。
②Do write to me as often as you can and I don't want to lose_touch_with you.
务必经常给我写信，我不想与你失去联系。
③I'll get_in_touch_with him right away.
我马上同他联系。
[名师点津] lose/get in touch (with)表示动作，不能与表示时间段的时间状语连用；stay/keep/be in touch (with)与be out of touch (with)表示状态，可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
④We've been out of touch with Roger for years now.
我们至今已有数年未与罗杰联系了。
6．(教材P36)My mother simply scolded me for tearing my underwear.
我妈妈仅仅因为我撕破了内衣而责备了我。
?scold vt.责备，申斥，训斥
(1)scold sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而训斥某人
(2)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责怪某人
criticize sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而批评某人
①Don't scold the boy for breaking the glass; he didn't intend to.
不要因为这个男孩打破了杯子就训斥他，他不是故意的。
②She was blamed for what she had done.
她为她所做的事受到谴责。
③The manager has been_criticized_for failing to invest enough money in the project.
经理因没在此项目上投入足够的资金而受到批评。
?tear v．撕破，撕裂；撕，扯；撕开，扯下
tear down 拆掉；撕下
tear ...to pieces 把……撕成碎片
tear ...in two＝tear ...into halves 把……撕成两半
tear ...open 把……撕开
tear up 撕毁
①It is often cheaper to tear down the ten?year?old buildings than to modify them.
拆毁已有10年之久的建筑物往往比改建它们更便宜。
②Gina was so angry that she tore the check to pieces.
吉娜非常生气，她把支票撕成了碎片。
③He tore_up sheet after sheet of music before producing the happy tune he wanted.
他撕掉一篇又一篇的乐谱，最后才写出他想要的快乐的调子。
7．(教材P37)The pain was acute, and I couldn't forgive Danny for leaving me.
那种痛苦是强烈的，我不能原谅丹尼离我而去。
?forgive v．原谅，宽恕
(1)forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做)某事
forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事
forgive and forget 既往不咎，不计前嫌
(2)forgiveness n. 原谅
ask/beg for forgiveness 请求原谅
①We forgave him his rudeness as he was so young.
因为他如此年轻，我们原谅了他的无礼。
②I'll never forgive_you_for what you have done to your parents.
我永远也不会原谅你对你父母所做的那些事。
③They agreed to forgive_and_forget and be friendly again.
他们答应不计前嫌，重归于好。
[辨析比较] forgive, excuse
forgive 强调原谅且丝毫不怀有怨恨，强调内心的宽恕
excuse 指原谅较轻微的过错、失礼等，不涉及处理或惩罚
选用上述单词填空
④Excuse me, but I disagree with you.
⑤She has forgiven you for the wrongs done to her by you and she is going to help you.
8．(教材P39)Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And never brought to mind?
旧日朋友岂能相忘，心中能不怀想？
?bring ...to mind使……想起
come to mind 突然想起
bear/keep ...in mind 记住……
change one's mind 改变主意
make up one's mind 打定主意；下定决心
①I couldn't bring to mind the name of the hotel I'd stayed in.
我无法回想起我曾待过的那家旅馆的名字。
②We must keep in mind that pride goes before a fall.
我们必须牢记，骄者必败。
[名师点津] make up one's mind短语中mind的形式要随one的单复数变化而变化。
③We have made_up_our_minds to take a trip to Australia or Thailand.
我们已经决定了这个假期去澳大利亚或者泰国。
9．(教材P40)This poem describes the painful feeling of a man in love with someone who does not love him in return.
这首诗描述了一个人爱上别人却得不到回报的伤痛。
?in return反过来，作为交换；作为回报
in return for ... 作为对……的报答，作为回应
on one's return 某人一回来就……
return to normal 恢复正常
return to oneself 苏醒，醒悟
in turn 依次，轮流；转而，继而
①(2017·天津高考)We offer an excellent education to our students. In return, we expect students to work hard.
我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育。反过来，我们期望他们努力学习。
②In return for this they were prepared to surrender.
作为交换条件，他们准备投降。
③It was several days before the floodwater sank and life returned_to_normal.
过了几天洪水才退去，生活恢复了正常。
④The students clean the classroom everyday in_turn.
学生们每天轮流打扫教室。
10．(教材P41)Then the website was mentioned on a radio programme and suddenly the site became very popular.
后来这个网站被一个广播节目提起，突然就变得非常流行起来。
?mention v．& n．提到，涉及
mention sth. (to sb.) (向某人)提及某事
mention doing sth. 提及做某事
not to mention 更不必说，更不用说
make (no) mention of (没)提及
①You didn't mention to me when you are leaving.
你没有告诉我何时动身。
②He didn't mention having_taken (take) sleeping pills regularly.
他没有提经常服用安眠药的事。
③It's far too late for you to go out and play football, not_to_mention the fact that it's raining.
你现在出去踢足球太晚了，何况又正在下雨。
1．He was looking through them when a boy put his head round the door and said, “Mr White, your wife is on the phone.She needs to speak to you urgently.”
他正在翻阅它们，这时一个男孩把头伸进门说，“怀特老师，你妻子打来电话。她急切地需要和你说话。”
该句包含be doing ...when ...结构，when为并列连词，表示“这时突然；就在那时”，强调另一个动作的突然发生。
be about to do ...when ... 正打算做……这时……
had just done ...when ... 刚做完……这时……
be on the point of doing ...when ... 正要做……这时……
①We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.
我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。
②We were about to_leave (leave) when the rain began.
我们就要出发时，天开始下雨了。
③I had_finished (finish) my homework when my mother got home.
我刚完成作业，妈妈就到家了。
④I was on the point of going to bed when you rang.
你来电话时我正要上床睡觉。
2．It would have been impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited.
要是没有“老友重聚”网站的帮助，我就不可能找到我女儿。
本句中would have been是虚拟语气结构，表示与过去事实相反的假设，without引导的介词短语表示含蓄的虚拟条件，相当于if引导的虚拟条件句：if it had not been for the help of Friends Reunited。
①I could not have finished the work so soon without your help.
没有你的帮助我不可能这么快完成工作。
(1)引出含蓄条件的词：otherwise, without, or (else), but for等
(2)谓语形式
②But for your help, we couldn't_have_succeeded (succeed)．
没有你的帮助，我们是不可能成功的。
③She wasn't feeling well. Otherwise she wouldn't have left the party early.
她感到不舒服，否则她不会早早离开宴会的。
④Without the sun, plants would/could/should/might die.
没有太阳，植物就会死去。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The new system will be confronted with great difficulties at the start.
2．You can count on/upon me for help in time of trouble.
3．I regret to_inform (inform) you that we are unable to offer you employment.
4．I understand you have a lot on your mind. I forgive you for being late.
5．I don't quarrel with you about/over the right to speak, but about your way of speaking.
6．She tore (tear) the letter to pieces and threw it in the bin.
7．When he called me yesterday, he didn't mention having_met (meet) you in the park.
8．American Indians make up about five percent of the US population.
9．We haven't seen each other for a long time, but we have kept in touch.
10．I can't seem to bring to mind the name of the bookshop where I bought the book.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I was_doing_my_homework when he came in.
当他走进来的时候我正在做作业。
2．I gave him a dictionary in_return_for_his_help.
我送他一本词典作为他帮助我的回报。
3．I couldn't_have_done_it without your encouragement.
如果没有你的鼓励，我是不可能完成它的。
4．She was_scolded_for the mess of her room.
她因为她的房间乱七八糟而受到责备。
5．I can't afford to rent a house, not_to_mention_buy_it.
我连租房子都租不起，更不用说买房子了。
6．Vitamine pills make_up_what_you_lack in your diet.
维生素片补充您饮食中所缺之物。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She's a lively (活泼的) child and popular with community residents.
2．They quarreled (吵架) with one another about how to solve the disagreement.
3．He said he regretted (后悔) their failure to reach an agreement.
4．I always confuse John with his brother; they are very much alike (相像的)．
5．We should be considerate (考虑周到的) of other people's feelings.
6．Please don't bother that little mistake, you're forgiven (原谅)．
7．Jim was scolded (责备) by his mother for coming home late.
8．Several pages have been torn (撕破) out of the book dating from the Tang Dynasty.
9．The artist's work shows the perfect (完美的) union of craftsmanship and imagination.
10．No one can predict (预测) when the disease will break out again.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Now that my mother has a telephone, it's much easier to get touch with her.get_后加in
2．You ought to be ashamed for your foolish behaviour.for→of
3．After graduation from college, they made up their mind to go and settle in the countryside.mind→minds
4．We have been on good term with our neighbors for all these years.term→terms
5．She was confronted for severe money problems.for→with
6．She was about to go on talking while I cut her short.while→when
7．What count is determination and confidence in our studies.count→counts
8．You are wanted on phone, Mr Smith.on后加the
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Many people are_at_a_loss (不知所措) as to what to do in case of a real fire.
2．The dictionary lying on the table belongs_to_my_deskmate (属于我的同桌)．
3．All_at_once (突然) the sky became dark and it started to rain.
4．He was always ready to help others. In_return (反过来), he was liked by everyone.
5．I try to keep_in_touch_with_current_events (了解时事) by reading the newspapers.
6．We need_to_keep_in_mind (需要记住) what our goals are.
7．I appreciate your support from_the_bottom_of_my_heart (发自我内心地)．
8．The two friends have at_last_made_up (最后和好了) after the slight misunderstanding.
9．Our members have_the_privilege_of_using (有使用……的特权) the lending service of the library.
10．I guess I may be_allergic_to_that_medicine (对那种药过敏) I took last night.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As a kid, I was always getting scolded by my father for being naughty.
2．Large amounts of money were (be) spent on the old man who was knocked over by a car.
3．Do you mind waiting (wait) for a few minutes while I prepare the materials?
4．When she discovered the theft_ (thief) of her bag, she went to the police.
5．It was very considerate (consider) of you to let us know you were going to be late.
6．I am at a loss to understand those remarks of our teacher.
7．Having_quarreled (quarrel) with each other, they apologized to each other and made up before long.
8．Health problems are closely (close) connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
9．I walked in and everyone burst out laughing (laugh), which made me embarrassed.
10．I regret to_say (say) that we can't stay here any longer.
Ⅱ.选词填空
from the bottom of one's heart， burst out， be ashamed of， knock over， be blessed with， bring ...to mind， take an interest in， a large amount of， lose touch with， the first time
1．When she heard that her good friend had died in the accident, she burst_out crying.
2．The children were so excited the_first_time they were taken aboard.
3．She wanted to make sure she didn't lose_touch_with her friends in Taiwan.
4．You should be_ashamed_of yourself for telling such lies.
5．All the guests wished the new couple happiness from_the_bottom_of_their_hearts.
6．The old song brought my happy childhood to_mind.
7．I hope she will always be_blessed_with good health.
8．The old lady was knocked_over by a car when turning around the corner of the street.
9．I took_an_interest_in playing basketball when I was a middle school student.
10．They set aside a_large_amount_of money for this purpose.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
I was involved in unhealthy eating and exercise behaviour on and off for five years. For the majority of these five years, I appeared “normal” to the untrained eye. But I was suffering eating disorder (饮食紊乱). And I was struggling.
Recovery felt too hard. In the early stages of my recovery, I had to actively distance myself from triggering (诱发) material. But it didn't work for me. At last I decided not to struggle alone. I needed to admit to everyone else that I was struggling.
I made time for people who inspired me. One of those people was my best friend, Scarlett. She, without doubt, has helped save my life. I say this because she has inspired me to not only accept my body but embrace (拥抱) it. She has also shown me that being strong and smart is beautiful. She never escapes from delicious food, which has encouraged me to do the same.
We challenged the society's view on beauty together. We debated everything from body shaping to the fitness industry. We broke down social media and Photoshop. We discussed medication and panic attacks. Nothing_was_taboo. And that was exactly what I needed.
I needed someone who didn't just listen but understood. Having a mentor who guided me through the recovery process has, without doubt, been the key to my recovery. Having someone in my life who actively debunks (揭穿) the idea that losing weight is the answer is invaluable. I'm so glad I have such a friend in my life.
Observing the way Scarlett treats herself continues to inspire me and encourage me to pursue full recovery. My relationship with my body, food and exercise has changed and much of that I contribute to her influence and example.
I will keep moving forward. I will keep eating often and well. I will allow my body to be at whatever weight it wants to be at I will do this not just for me but to be an example to others who may need that little bit of inspiration, just like I did all those months ago.
语篇解读：作者患有饮食失调症，让她苦不堪言，后来在一位好朋友的影响下改变了自己的观点，对未来充满希望。
1．What was the author's problem?
A．Suffering various diseases.
B．Having no time for exercise.
C．Not looking normal to others.
D．Having an unbalanced diet.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“But I was suffering eating disorder (饮食紊乱)．”可知，作者患有饮食失调症。
2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．They talked about topics carefully.
B．They could talk about everything.
C．Nothing was sad to the author.
D．Nothing was interesting.
解析：选B 句意理解题。根据第四段中列举出的那些例子，以及画线句子后面的“And that was exactly what I needed.”可知，作者可以跟那位朋友无所不谈。
3．What did the author most probably learn from Scarlett?
A．She should be careful about her diet.
B．She should have a nice?looking body.
C．She should learn to really like her body.
D．She should try really hard to lose weight.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段的“I say this because she has inspired me to not only accept my body but embrace (拥抱) it.”以及最后一段的“I will allow my body to be at whatever weight it wants to be at.”可知，作者从那位朋友那里知道她应该学会爱自己的身体。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Eating Disorder Is a Disease
B．The Great Pain I Have Suffered
C．My Friendship with My Best Friend
D．My Best Friend Helped Save My Life
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者最好的朋友帮助她克服了饮食失调症，改变了她的生活。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Think of a number between one and ten. Was it seven? Researchers have found that, when __1__ (ask) to think of a number between one and ten, __2__ number of people will think of the number seven. The number seven is usually the favorite. Why is that?
__3__ many cultures around the world, “seven” __4__ (consider) a lucky number. Some scientists and mathematicians also believe there are some interesting characteristics of the number __5__ (it)．
__6__ the number seven is really lucky or not is a matter of opinion. Some people believe it is, but this belief may __7__ (simple) come from the positive things related to the number. The number seven enjoys a long history of positive associations (联系). If you start looking for reasons, you __8__ (find) that the number seems to appear everywhere. There are seven days in a week. How many colors are there in a rainbow? Seven! There are seven __9__ (continent). Some researchers have found that human memory works best when __10__ (remember) up to — but not more that — seven items.
Mathematically, the number seven is an odd number. Even numbers can be easily divided by two, so odd numbers seem more unique to some people.
答案：1.asked 2.a 3.In 4.is considered 5.itself
6．Whether 7.simply 8.will find 9.continents
10．remembering
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Section Ⅴ Writing— 如何写有关人际关系、友谊的文章
与人际关系、友谊相关的文章的体裁以议论文为主。议论文的写作是就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己的看法。
一、写作要领
一般说来，议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分构成，通常按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排写作。
1．论点的基本要求是：观点正确，有概括性，有实际意义。
2．论据的基本要求是：真实、可靠、典型、详实。
3．论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑，综合运用各种表达方式。
4．整篇文章要有中心论点，每个段落都有分论点。
5．论点应在文章开篇或段落开头就点出来。中心句必须能高度概括所在段落的论据，它的关键词应该在每一个论据中都有体现。
6．在行文方面，应在句子间多使用连接词，使文章脉络更加清晰，逻辑关系更加明确。使用一些常用的句式承上启下，可以使相关的信息得到巧妙的过渡和衔接。
二、增分佳句
1．He is honest and always ready to help others.
2．He is very kind and talkative.
3．He is of an average height and well?built.
4．It goes without saying that ...
5．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
6．A life without a friend is a life without the sun.
7．He is such a warm?hearted man that we all admire him very much.
[题目要求]
你校某研究学习小组正在开展关于“处理学生与家长、老师、同学之间的关系”的调查。请你就这一话题，按照下列要点写一篇100词左右的英语短文。
1．现状：关系处理总体情况较好，但仍存在一些问题，如与同学吵架、不听家长和老师的建议等。
2．你个人的改进意见(至少两条)。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文要求写一篇议论文；
2．确定中心人称：本文的主要人称为第一、三人称；
3．确定主体时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分：点出讨论的话题。
第二部分：介绍学生与家长、老师、同学之间的关系的现状：关系处理总体情况较好，但仍存在一些问题，如与同学吵架、不听家长和老师的建议等。
第三部分：提出自己的建议。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．exist 存在
2．anxiety 焦虑
3．lose_one's_temper 发脾气
4．turn_a_deaf_ear_to 对……充耳不闻
5．quarrel 吵架
6．be_on_bad_terms_with_sb. 与某人关系不好
7．keep_...in_mind 记住……
8．in_return 反过来，作为回报
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．我们学校的调查组正在进行一项关于学生和老师、家庭成员和同学们之间的关系的调查。(现在进行时的被动语态)
A_survey_about_the_relationship_between_students_and_teachers,_family_members_and_classmates_is_being_made_by_a_research_study_group_of_our_school.
2．一些学生因为焦虑和学习负担很容易发脾气。(be easy to do; study burden)
Some_students_are_easy_to_lose_their_temper_because_of_anxiety_and_study_burden.
3．他们有时和别人吵架，甚至对父母和老师的意见充耳不闻，这很让人失望。(简单句)
They_sometimes_quarrel_with_others._They_even_turn_a_deaf_ear_to_their_parents_and_teachers._It_is_very_disappointing.
4．在我看来，我建议我们高中学生应努力改善这种情况。(in one's opinion; make one's efforts)
In_my_opinion,__I_suggest_us_senior_school_students_making_our_efforts_to_improve_the_situation.
5．我们应该尊重我们的父母和老师以及同学。(as well as)
We_should_respect_our_parents_and_teachers_as_well_as_our_classmates.
6．我们和朋友、老师或者父母关系不好，我们可以敞开心扉地和他们聊天。(and连接并列句)
We_are_on_bad_terms_with_them_and_we_can_have_a_heart?to?heart_chat_with_our_friends,__teachers_or_parents.
7．我们应该记住他们的优点，向他们道歉。
We_should_keep_their_advantages_in_mind_and_apologise_to_them.
8．作为回报，他们会真心诚意地原谅我们。
In_return,__they_will_forgive_us_from_the_bottom_of_their_hearts.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用and连接句3中的前两句，再用which连接第三句
They_sometimes_quarrel_with_others,_and_even_turn_a_deaf_ear_to_their_parents_and_teachers,__which_is_very_disappointing.
2．把句6改为when引导的状语从句
When_we_are_on_bad_terms_with_them,__we_can_have_a_heart?to?heart_chat_with_our_friends,_teachers_or_parents.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
A_survey_about_the_relationship_between_students_and_teachers,__family_members_and_classmates_is_being_made_by_a_research_study_group_of_our_school.
Generally_speaking,__we_get_on_well_with_each_other.However,__there_still_exist_some_problems._Some_students_are_easy_to_lose_their_temper_because_of_anxiety_and_study_burden.What's_worse,__they_sometimes_quarrel_with_others,__and_even_turn_a_deaf_ear_to_their_parents_and_teachers,__which_is_very_disappointing.
In_my_opinion,__I_suggest_us_senior_school_students_making_our_efforts_to_improve_the_situation._First,__we_should_respect_our_parents_and_teachers_as_well_as_our_classmates._Second,__when_we_are_on_bad_terms_with_them,__we_can_have_a_heart?to?heart_chat_with_our_friends,__teachers_or_parents.We_should_keep_their_advantages_in_mind_and_apologise_to_them._In_return,__they_will_forgive_us_from_the_bottom_of_their_hearts.
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Module 3单元加餐练（一）~（二）完形阅读组合练
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
I was a dog living with my master, Jack. Whenever he came home, I would run and jump around his feet to __1__ him, hoping that I could get some food from him and get patted (轻拍). The __2__ of being a dog was obvious that neither need I __3__ food by myself nor should I have the ability to hunt.
There was only one matter that I had to __4__ at home. That was my master's __5__ temper (脾气). Sometimes he didn't treat me well and __6__ beat me when he got drunk. __7__， I didn't think it was a big deal, for I __8__ that I was the happiest dog in the world, the dog who had delicious meat and bones.
One day, I watched TV sitting by Jack's side. An animal called wolf that looked like me __9__ my eye. The wolves live in the __10__ with trees and flowers, mountains and rivers, which is __11__ my world. Then I saw some other animals, such as deer, goats and so on. All of them run outside rather than __12__ for food every day. They didn't have a master who gave them both food and __13__. The way they lived had greatly __14__ me.
Though I didn't know whether they __15__ their life or not, their life was wonderful in my eyes. For me, it was __16__ to just sleep and eat over and again. It was not until I saw the wolves and other animals that I knew what real __17__ should be like. It should be like that — tough and __18__， but also filled with hope and energy. Even if I couldn't __19__ my situation, it occurred to me that I could also do something __20__. I could at least help get the newspaper and protect the house.
语篇解读：本文是一只狗的自白。对生活盲目满足的一只狗某天在电视上看到自由生活的动物才明白了生活的真谛。
1．A.find B．thank
C．welcome D．answer
解析：选C 根据语境可知，每当主人回到家，“我”会在他的脚边奔跑跳跃来欢迎(welcome)他。
2．A.list B．benefit
C．weakness D．fault
解析：选B 联系下文的“nor should I have the ability to hunt”可知，这里说的是作为一只狗的好处(benefit)。
3．A.eat B．make
C．hide D．search
解析：选D 作为一只狗的好处显而易见：“我”既不用自己找(search)食物，也不需要具备捕猎的本领。
4．A.bear B．save
C．decide D．reach
解析：选A 联系下文提到的主人有时对“我”不好可知，在家里“我”只有一件事需要忍耐(bear)。
5．A.good B．bad
C．real D．wrong
解析：选B 根据语境可知，“我”唯一需要忍受的就是主人的坏(bad)脾气。
6．A.even B．still
C．yet D．just
解析：选A 根据“Sometimes he didn't treat me well”可知，主人对“我”不好，喝醉时甚至(even)会打“我”。
7．A.As a result B．Besides
C．However D．What's worse
解析：选C 根据“I didn't think it was a big deal”可知此处为转折语气，故选“However”。
8．A.doubted B．suggested
C．wondered D．believed
解析：选D 联系后面的“the dog who had delicious meat and bones”可知，“我”相信(believed)自己是世界上最幸福的狗。
9．A.caught B．pulled
C．cheated D．attacked
解析：选A 那天“我”坐在主人身边看电视，一种叫狼的动物吸引了(caught)“我”的眼球。
10．A.house B．wild
C．village D．family
解析：选B 根据“trees and flowers, mountains and rivers”的描述可知，狼生活在野外(wild)。
11．A.harmful to B．used to
C．different from D．free from
解析：选C 它们的生活环境与“我”的完全不同，故选“different from”。 be different from是固定搭配。
12．A.leaving B．paying
C．waiting D．looking
解析：选C 这些动物每天在外奔跑觅食而不是等待(waiting)别人给予它们食物。
13．A.hurt B．love
C．toys D．partners
解析：选A 联系文章前两段可知，这些动物们都没有会给予它们食物和伤害(hurt)的主人。
14．A.attracted B．awarded
C．protected D．frightened
解析：选A 根据下文的“their life was wonderful in my eyes”可知，它们的生活方式深深吸引了(attracted)“我”。
15．A.continued B．enjoyed
C．knew D．stopped
解析：选B 虽然“我”不知道它们是否享受(enjoyed)自己的生活，但“我”觉得它们的生活很美妙。
16．A.powerful B．hopeful
C．homeless D．meaningless
解析：选D 对于“我”来说，生活就是重复的睡觉和进食，因此毫无意义(meaningless)。
17．A.man B．life
C．hunt D．heart
解析：选B 直到看到狼和其他的野生动物，“我”才明白真正的生活(life)应该是什么样的。
18．A.happy B．easy
C．challenging D．disappointing
解析：选C 生活应该是艰难而充满挑战的(challenging)，但又充满了希望和能量。
19．A.change B．check
C．understand D．hate
解析：选A 联系前后文可知，“我”不能改变(change)自己的处境。
20．A.beautiful B．useful
C．surprising D．attractive
解析：选B 根据下文的“I could at least help get the newspaper and protect the house.”可知，“我”想到自己可以做一些有用的(useful)事。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
You know you need to eat more vegetables, so vegetable chips (蔬菜片) seem like what you've been looking for. After all, it's easy to finish a whole bag due to their taste and still feel good about yourself. Such a healthy snack seems too good to be true — because it is.
Nutritionist Charlotte Stirling?Reed worked with kitchen brand Wren Kitchens to take a look at the facts behind vegetable chips' health halo (光环). Her research found vegetable chips aren't any better than potato chips. In fact, they could be worse.
A bag of vegetable chips might actually be only 65 percent vegetables, and the rest is just oil and salt. “The concern with products that are often seen as healthier alternatives (替代品) is that they don't always match up to their reputations，” Stirling?Reed said. Most of them are cooked with sunflower oil. It is commonly used in fried food, fast?food, packaged and processed foods. Sunflower oil is high in omega?6 fatty acids (脂肪酸). Our bodies do need some of those acids, but most people have too much of them. Studies have linked too many omega?6s with fatness, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, and more.
Thinking of potato chips as a guilty pleasure, you might hold back a bit. But when it comes to vegetable chips, you finish half the bag without thinking twice. “There is a danger that people may eat more of a product if they consider it to be healthier and clean，” said Stirling?Reed. “In this case, changing your attitude is quite important.”
Ideally, you should replace the processed snacks with fresh fruits and vegetables, yogurt, or nuts, according to Stirling?Reed. If only chips will satisfy you, make your own at home. That way, you're in charge of how much or little oil goes in. Start with one of these clean chips.
语篇解读：人们总认为含有蔬菜成分的蔬菜片很健康，但高油盐的蔬菜片实际上并不那么健康。
1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A．Vegetable chips can replace vegetables.
B．Potato chips taste better than vegetable chips.
C．People usually consider vegetable chips to be healthy.
D．Most people eat less vegetable chips now.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“so vegetable chips (蔬菜片) seem like what you've been looking for ... finish a whole bag due to their taste”和第二段的“take a look at the facts behind vegetable chips' health halo (光环)”可推测，人们通常认为蔬菜片很健康。
2．What do we know about omega?6 fatty acids?
A．They lead to various diseases.
B．They are harmful in high amount.
C．They are unnecessary for the body.
D．They ruin the quality of packaged food.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Our bodies do need some of those acids, but most people have too much of them.”可知，大量的omega?6是有害健康的。
3．What's implied in the last paragraph?
A．Homemade chips are a good choice.
B．We'd better only have chips at home.
C．We should stop eating chips from now on.
D．Chips made of fresh vegetables are healthy.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If only chips will satisfy you, make your own at home ... how much or little oil goes in.”可推测，如果难以戒掉这些产品，家庭自制的薯片类是个相对不错的选择。
4．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．What kind of chips should we eat
B．What do we know about sunflower oil
C．Not all vegetables are good for our health
D．Vegetable chips are not as healthy as you think
解析：选D 标题归纳题。根据文章内容，本文主要是讲蔬菜片并不像人们认为的那样健康。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
A woman in Kalkaska, Michigan showed her kindness in a special way. Eva Gray, the wife __1__ a police officer, couldn't bear to see things go to waste. So she turned 150 old police uniforms into __2__ (love) teddy bears the officers can keep in their patrol (巡逻) cars.
Gray came up with the idea after her husband told her that his leaders were trying to find a way __3__ (reuse) old uniforms. They couldn't give the clothes to the homeless. Throwing __4__ (they) away wasn't a choice, either, as the uniforms could __5__ (possible) fall into the hands of people who might try to impersonate (假冒) a police officer. Then Eva Gray asked, “Why don't we make teddy bears from the uniforms？”
Using one of the old uniforms, Gray made a few teddy bears. She __6__ (name) the homemade toys “patrol bears”. Though __7__ first bear took six hours to make, Gray got faster as she worked. Now she only needs 2.5 hours to make each one. She hopes to make enough teddy bears __8__ the officers can have two in every car. Besides, the patrol bears __9__ (give) to children in need later. “I think it's great to give these __10__ (toy) to the kids to make them feel better in a bad situation，” Gray said.
语篇解读：一名警察的妻子用警察的旧制服制作了一些泰迪熊玩偶，用于装饰警察以及赠送给有需要的儿童。
1．of 此处“the wife”和“a police officer”有从属关系，故填“of”。
2．lovely 此处应使用形容词修饰名词。
3．to reuse 此处动词不定式作后置定语修饰“a way”。
4．them 此处代词作宾语，应使用they的宾格“them”。
5．possibly possibly意为“可能地”，此处修饰“fall into”。
6．named 结合语境可知此处叙述的事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
7．the 此处特指第一个泰迪熊，故填定冠词“the”。
8．so 根据语境可知，Gray希望制作足够多的泰迪熊这样每辆车里就能放两个。
9．will be given 结合later可知此处为一般将来时，patrol bears与give之间为被动关系，故填“will be given”。
10．toys toy为可数名词，此处应使用复数形式。
Ⅱ.短文改错
One of the most important rule of finding happiness in life is to do what you love. I remember when my mom takes me to an English class in primary school, I suddenly found that learn English was fun and I really enjoyed it. The voice at the bottom of my heart said, “Maybe I can learn English well and become English teacher.”
It was not easy at first. For almost one and a half year, I didn't do very well in all my English exams. Disappointing and frustrated, I doubted that whether I could follow my dream. But I told me not to accept this reality. Gradual, my grades started to improve and I had much confidence than before.
答案：第一句：rule→rules
第二句：takes→took; learn→learning
第三句：become后加an
第五句：year→years
第六句：Disappointing→Disappointed; 去掉that
第七句：me→myself
第八句：Gradual→Gradually; much→more
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是刚来到光明中学的美国交换生Amy，对这里的一切都很陌生，希望能在校园里交一些中国朋友。请你写一篇英语短文发布在校园网贴吧里，内容要点包括：
1．自我介绍；
2．期望的朋友类型；
3．联系方式。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
I'm Amy, 17 years old and an exchange student from America. I like dancing, running and exploring nature and I'm easy?going and optimistic. Being new here, I'm eager to make some Chinese friends.
I hope to make friends with those who have much in common with me. It would be better if you have a good knowledge of English, so that we can communicate with each other freely. What's more, it would benefit my Chinese learning. I sincerely hope we can help each other in study and life as good friends.
If you want to make friends with me, please send me an e?mail to toamy2018@163.com.
Looking forward to meeting you!
PAGE
4
Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships—Friendship
单元小结
As a child, I was blessed with a close friend, Tom, who was very considerate, and I had absolute trust in him. Whenever I was confronted with difficulties, he would offer help. At one point, I lost interest in studies and skipped class from time to time. Having been scolded by my father, I was moody. What's worse, I even quarreled with Tom for no reason. However, he forgave me, not to mention the fact that he helped me out of the trouble. I regretted having done that, made up with him from the bottom of my heart and we were on good terms again. On the other hand, many of our hobbies were alike, such as digging worms for fishing in summer, going sliding on the ice in winter and so on. Now we still keep in touch, looking forward to the time to reunite., 小时候，我有幸有一位亲密的朋友汤姆，他很体贴，我对他绝对信任。无论什么时候我遇到困难，他都会提供帮助。曾经，我对学习失去了兴趣，不时地逃课。被父亲责骂后，我闷闷不乐。更糟糕的是，我甚至无缘无故地和汤姆吵架。但是，他原谅了我，更不用说帮我摆脱困境了。我后悔那么做，真心实意地和他和解，我们的关系又好了。另一方面，我们的业余爱好很相似，比如夏天挖虫钓鱼，冬天滑冰等等。现在我们依然保持联系，期盼着重聚的时刻。
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
I was a dog living with my master, Jack. Whenever he came home, I would run and jump around his feet to __1__ him, hoping that I could get some food from him and get patted (轻拍). The __2__ of being a dog was obvious that neither need I __3__ food by myself nor should I have the ability to hunt.
There was only one matter that I had to __4__ at home. That was my master's __5__ temper (脾气). Sometimes he didn't treat me well and __6__ beat me when he got drunk. __7__， I didn't think it was a big deal, for I __8__ that I was the happiest dog in the world, the dog who had delicious meat and bones.
One day, I watched TV sitting by Jack's side. An animal called wolf that looked like me __9__ my eye. The wolves live in the __10__ with trees and flowers, mountains and rivers, which is __11__ my world. Then I saw some other animals, such as deer, goats and so on. All of them run outside rather than __12__ for food every day. They didn't have a master who gave them both food and __13__. The way they lived had greatly __14__ me.
Though I didn't know whether they __15__ their life or not, their life was wonderful in my eyes. For me, it was __16__ to just sleep and eat over and again. It was not until I saw the wolves and other animals that I knew what real __17__ should be like. It should be like that — tough and __18__， but also filled with hope and energy. Even if I couldn't __19__ my situation, it occurred to me that I could also do something __20__. I could at least help get the newspaper and protect the house.
语篇解读：本文是一只狗的自白。对生活盲目满足的一只狗某天在电视上看到自由生活的动物才明白了生活的真谛。
1．A.find B．thank
C．welcome D．answer
解析：选C 根据语境可知，每当主人回到家，“我”会在他的脚边奔跑跳跃来欢迎(welcome)他。
2．A.list B．benefit
C．weakness D．fault
解析：选B 联系下文的“nor should I have the ability to hunt”可知，这里说的是作为一只狗的好处(benefit)。
3．A.eat B．make
C．hide D．search
解析：选D 作为一只狗的好处显而易见：“我”既不用自己找(search)食物，也不需要具备捕猎的本领。
4．A.bear B．save
C．decide D．reach
解析：选A 联系下文提到的主人有时对“我”不好可知，在家里“我”只有一件事需要忍耐(bear)。
5．A.good B．bad
C．real D．wrong
解析：选B 根据语境可知，“我”唯一需要忍受的就是主人的坏(bad)脾气。
6．A.even B．still
C．yet D．just
解析：选A 根据“Sometimes he didn't treat me well”可知，主人对“我”不好，喝醉时甚至(even)会打“我”。
7．A.As a result B．Besides
C．However D．What's worse
解析：选C 根据“I didn't think it was a big deal”可知此处为转折语气，故选“However”。
8．A.doubted B．suggested
C．wondered D．believed
解析：选D 联系后面的“the dog who had delicious meat and bones”可知，“我”相信(believed)自己是世界上最幸福的狗。
9．A.caught B．pulled
C．cheated D．attacked
解析：选A 那天“我”坐在主人身边看电视，一种叫狼的动物吸引了(caught)“我”的眼球。
10．A.house B．wild
C．village D．family
解析：选B 根据“trees and flowers, mountains and rivers”的描述可知，狼生活在野外(wild)。
11．A.harmful to B．used to
C．different from D．free from
解析：选C 它们的生活环境与“我”的完全不同，故选“different from”。 be different from是固定搭配。
12．A.leaving B．paying
C．waiting D．looking
解析：选C 这些动物每天在外奔跑觅食而不是等待(waiting)别人给予它们食物。
13．A.hurt B．love
C．toys D．partners
解析：选A 联系文章前两段可知，这些动物们都没有会给予它们食物和伤害(hurt)的主人。
14．A.attracted B．awarded
C．protected D．frightened
解析：选A 根据下文的“their life was wonderful in my eyes”可知，它们的生活方式深深吸引了(attracted)“我”。
15．A.continued B．enjoyed
C．knew D．stopped
解析：选B 虽然“我”不知道它们是否享受(enjoyed)自己的生活，但“我”觉得它们的生活很美妙。
16．A.powerful B．hopeful
C．homeless D．meaningless
解析：选D 对于“我”来说，生活就是重复的睡觉和进食，因此毫无意义(meaningless)。
17．A.man B．life
C．hunt D．heart
解析：选B 直到看到狼和其他的野生动物，“我”才明白真正的生活(life)应该是什么样的。
18．A.happy B．easy
C．challenging D．disappointing
解析：选C 生活应该是艰难而充满挑战的(challenging)，但又充满了希望和能量。
19．A.change B．check
C．understand D．hate
解析：选A 联系前后文可知，“我”不能改变(change)自己的处境。
20．A.beautiful B．useful
C．surprising D．attractive
解析：选B 根据下文的“I could at least help get the newspaper and protect the house.”可知，“我”想到自己可以做一些有用的(useful)事。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
You know you need to eat more vegetables, so vegetable chips (蔬菜片) seem like what you've been looking for. After all, it's easy to finish a whole bag due to their taste and still feel good about yourself. Such a healthy snack seems too good to be true — because it is.
Nutritionist Charlotte Stirling?Reed worked with kitchen brand Wren Kitchens to take a look at the facts behind vegetable chips' health halo (光环). Her research found vegetable chips aren't any better than potato chips. In fact, they could be worse.
A bag of vegetable chips might actually be only 65 percent vegetables, and the rest is just oil and salt. “The concern with products that are often seen as healthier alternatives (替代品) is that they don't always match up to their reputations，” Stirling?Reed said. Most of them are cooked with sunflower oil. It is commonly used in fried food, fast?food, packaged and processed foods. Sunflower oil is high in omega?6 fatty acids (脂肪酸). Our bodies do need some of those acids, but most people have too much of them. Studies have linked too many omega?6s with fatness, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, and more.
Thinking of potato chips as a guilty pleasure, you might hold back a bit. But when it comes to vegetable chips, you finish half the bag without thinking twice. “There is a danger that people may eat more of a product if they consider it to be healthier and clean，” said Stirling?Reed. “In this case, changing your attitude is quite important.”
Ideally, you should replace the processed snacks with fresh fruits and vegetables, yogurt, or nuts, according to Stirling?Reed. If only chips will satisfy you, make your own at home. That way, you're in charge of how much or little oil goes in. Start with one of these clean chips.
语篇解读：人们总认为含有蔬菜成分的蔬菜片很健康，但高油盐的蔬菜片实际上并不那么健康。
1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A．Vegetable chips can replace vegetables.
B．Potato chips taste better than vegetable chips.
C．People usually consider vegetable chips to be healthy.
D．Most people eat less vegetable chips now.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“so vegetable chips (蔬菜片) seem like what you've been looking for ... finish a whole bag due to their taste”和第二段的“take a look at the facts behind vegetable chips' health halo (光环)”可推测，人们通常认为蔬菜片很健康。
2．What do we know about omega?6 fatty acids?
A．They lead to various diseases.
B．They are harmful in high amount.
C．They are unnecessary for the body.
D．They ruin the quality of packaged food.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Our bodies do need some of those acids, but most people have too much of them.”可知，大量的omega?6是有害健康的。
3．What's implied in the last paragraph?
A．Homemade chips are a good choice.
B．We'd better only have chips at home.
C．We should stop eating chips from now on.
D．Chips made of fresh vegetables are healthy.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If only chips will satisfy you, make your own at home ... how much or little oil goes in.”可推测，如果难以戒掉这些产品，家庭自制的薯片类是个相对不错的选择。
4．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．What kind of chips should we eat
B．What do we know about sunflower oil
C．Not all vegetables are good for our health
D．Vegetable chips are not as healthy as you think
解析：选D 标题归纳题。根据文章内容，本文主要是讲蔬菜片并不像人们认为的那样健康。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
A woman in Kalkaska, Michigan showed her kindness in a special way. Eva Gray, the wife __1__ a police officer, couldn't bear to see things go to waste. So she turned 150 old police uniforms into __2__ (love) teddy bears the officers can keep in their patrol (巡逻) cars.
Gray came up with the idea after her husband told her that his leaders were trying to find a way __3__ (reuse) old uniforms. They couldn't give the clothes to the homeless. Throwing __4__ (they) away wasn't a choice, either, as the uniforms could __5__ (possible) fall into the hands of people who might try to impersonate (假冒) a police officer. Then Eva Gray asked, “Why don't we make teddy bears from the uniforms？”
Using one of the old uniforms, Gray made a few teddy bears. She __6__ (name) the homemade toys “patrol bears”. Though __7__ first bear took six hours to make, Gray got faster as she worked. Now she only needs 2.5 hours to make each one. She hopes to make enough teddy bears __8__ the officers can have two in every car. Besides, the patrol bears __9__ (give) to children in need later. “I think it's great to give these __10__ (toy) to the kids to make them feel better in a bad situation，” Gray said.
语篇解读：一名警察的妻子用警察的旧制服制作了一些泰迪熊玩偶，用于装饰警察以及赠送给有需要的儿童。
1．of 此处“the wife”和“a police officer”有从属关系，故填“of”。
2．lovely 此处应使用形容词修饰名词。
3．to reuse 此处动词不定式作后置定语修饰“a way”。
4．them 此处代词作宾语，应使用they的宾格“them”。
5．possibly possibly意为“可能地”，此处修饰“fall into”。
6．named 结合语境可知此处叙述的事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
7．the 此处特指第一个泰迪熊，故填定冠词“the”。
8．so 根据语境可知，Gray希望制作足够多的泰迪熊这样每辆车里就能放两个。
9．will be given 结合later可知此处为一般将来时，patrol bears与give之间为被动关系，故填“will be given”。
10．toys toy为可数名词，此处应使用复数形式。
Ⅱ.短文改错
One of the most important rule of finding happiness in life is to do what you love. I remember when my mom takes me to an English class in primary school, I suddenly found that learn English was fun and I really enjoyed it. The voice at the bottom of my heart said, “Maybe I can learn English well and become English teacher.”
It was not easy at first. For almost one and a half year, I didn't do very well in all my English exams. Disappointing and frustrated, I doubted that whether I could follow my dream. But I told me not to accept this reality. Gradual, my grades started to improve and I had much confidence than before.
答案：第一句：rule→rules
第二句：takes→took; learn→learning
第三句：become后加an
第五句：year→years
第六句：Disappointing→Disappointed; 去掉that
第七句：me→myself
第八句：Gradual→Gradually; much→more
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是刚来到光明中学的美国交换生Amy，对这里的一切都很陌生，希望能在校园里交一些中国朋友。请你写一篇英语短文发布在校园网贴吧里，内容要点包括：
1．自我介绍；
2．期望的朋友类型；
3．联系方式。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
I'm Amy, 17 years old and an exchange student from America. I like dancing, running and exploring nature and I'm easy?going and optimistic. Being new here, I'm eager to make some Chinese friends.
I hope to make friends with those who have much in common with me. It would be better if you have a good knowledge of English, so that we can communicate with each other freely. What's more, it would benefit my Chinese learning. I sincerely hope we can help each other in study and life as good friends.
If you want to make friends with me, please send me an e?mail to toamy2018@163.com.
Looking forward to meeting you!
PAGE
7
课时跟踪练(二) Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The company is trying to reduce loss caused by theft (偷盗)．
2．He chatted (聊天) with us for two hours and made notes.
3．It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so moody (喜怒无常的)．
4．In that case they would receive financial (财政的) aid from the state.
5．At school she formed a close (亲密的) friendship with several other girls.
6．We must limit the amount (量) of money we spend.
7．He makes contact with wealthy people in raising (筹集) money for the project.
8．She knew beyond question that I was a person who could be trusted (信任)．
9．The boy swung (摆动) on the rope tied to the trees.
10．The course is intended to increase student's interpersonal (人际关系的) skills.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The nurse attends on the patient as if he was her father.was→were
2．Tom was playing basketball for the first time I saw him.去掉for
3．We are close to reach an trade agreement.reach→reaching
4．The sun raised and bathed the earth in its glow.raised→rose
5．She burst in the room, releasing all her pent?up emotions.in后加on或in→into
6．My last job lacked variety; I was doing the same things all time.all后加the
Ⅲ.选词填空
show an interest in， to one's surprise， get to know， knock into， hold up， from time to time， be close to， turn round
1．I am Alexia. Perhaps we shall get_to_know each other better.
2．To_our_surprise,_he could finish the work in such a short time.
3．If you knock_into someone, you'd better make an apology.
4．He should be home soon if the buses haven't been held_up.
5．From_time_to_time I will examine you on the work you have done.
6．The school is_close_to our houses, so it is quite handy for the children.
7．I turned_round looking at the naughty boy angrily.
8．Not only is the teacher interested in football but all his students are beginning to show_an_interest_in it.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
As my father had been offered a better job in London, our family moved there. As a 12?year?old boy, 1.having_lost (lose) all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school. 2.Luckily (luck) for me, Roy, a popular boy and one of the few people who were kind to me, helped me get to know people. Roy and I became good friends, trusting each other and talking about 3.personal (person) matters. 4.However,_five years later, it was his father's sudden death as a result of being knocked over by a car 5.that changed Roy that much. He became silent and 6.moody (mood), losing interest in his work. Seeing each other now and then, we were no longer that close.
Worse still, about three months ago, I caught Roy 7.going (go) through the pockets of people's coats for wallets in the cloakroom. He didn't explain the reason, starting avoiding me. And then, small amounts of money started disappearing from students' lockers. Last week, the 500 pounds 8.raised (raise) for a charity was stolen. This weekend, having thought about the situation for 9.a while, I determined to ask him about the theft. And I found about 500 pounds in his pocket 10.by accident.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
我仍记得我们在会议上第一次(the first time)碰面的时候。你给我留下了很深的印象。从那时起，我们建立了很好的关系并一直保持密切(closely)联系。我记得，会议上所有人都认为你谈到的问题很重要，值得讨论。当你提出我们应当通过为别人做广告来筹集资金(raise money)建一所幼儿园的建议时，大家爆发出(burst into)热烈的掌声。
I_still_remember_the_first_time_we_met_at_a_meeting,_I_was_greatly_impressed_by_you._Since_then_we_have_been_on_good_terms_with_each_other_and_kept_in_touch_closely._I_remembered_everyone_at_the_meeting_thought_the_problem_you_had_mentioned_counted_and_it_was_worthwhile_to_discuss._When_you_made_a_suggestion_that_we_should_raise_money_by_advertising_for_others_to_set_up_a_nursery,_all_of_us_burst_into_a_warm_applause.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Bob Weiser had been driving for Uber for more than six months. Every __1__ in his car had a story to tell, a unique life experience or some wisdom he/she had picked up along the way. Then he __2__ what if he could collect a piece of life from each of the people who __3__ in his car? His only __4__ with these people was that they ordered an Uber in Chicago and had Bob Weiser __5__ them up in his car.
Weiser, 66, is a __6__ pilot who started driving for Uber late last year as a way to keep __7__. “You never really retire (退休); you always have to do __8__，” he said.
He __9__ a black notebook from the store. On the inside cover, he wrote that it belonged to “All that read it with a(n) __10__ heart and mind to share his/her life experience.”
Now, __11__ riders get in his car, her'll pass them the notebook and ask if they'd take a moment to write something in it. He has __12__ more than 800 entries (条目) from riders from different places.
Weiser __13__ that there was one woman in his car who wrote Mahatma Gandhi's “Be the change you want to see.” Then she flipped (翻阅) back and __14__ someone else had used the same quote. She told him she was __15__ and he said to her, “No, that's okay. That's the type of energy that has been in this vehicle, nothing but good energy.”
After his riders write something, they'll flip through the pages, __16__ all the advice and emotions shared by the riders who came before them.
He flips through it himself from time to time and always __17__ himself by how much warmth and positivity people have __18__. No one has written anything __19__， and only a handful have turned him __20__， mostly because they have motion sickness.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Weiser退休后开优步，突发奇想让乘客在笔记本上分享阅历与感言，这让乘客和自己都充满了正能量。
1．A.writer B．speaker
C．passenger D．child
解析：选C 根据上下文内容可知，Weiser是一位Uber司机，因此，此处应该是乘客(passenger)。
2．A.hoped B．wondered
C．predicted D．required
解析：选B 根据语境可知，Weiser就想知道(wondered)如果把每一位乘客的生活片段收藏起来会怎么样呢？
3．A.played B．rode
C．quarreled D．slept
解析：选B 根据前面的“passenger”可以判断此处应该是指那些乘坐(rode)他的车的人。
4．A.feeling B．connection
C．ability D．hobby
解析：选B 坐车的人都是陌生人，因此，此处说这些人跟他的唯一联系是：他们在Uber公司做了预定，让他用车来接他们。
5．A.lift B．cover
C．tie D．pick
解析：选D 根据空格后的“in his car”，并且结合文章第一句中的“had been driving”可知，应该选pick, pick up用车接某人。
6．A.former B．wealthy
C．young D．proud
解析：选A 根据下文中的“You never really retire (退休), you always have to do ...”可知，Weiser现在已经退役了，故他以前是飞行员。
7．A.alive B．quiet
C．awake D．busy
解析：选D 从下文“You never really retire (退休), you always have to do ...”可知，Weiser给Uber开车就是为了有事情做，为了让自己忙起来。
8．A.everything B．anything
C．something D．nothing
解析：选C 根据语境可知，Weiser认为一个人不会真正地退休，他总会想做点什么。故选something。
9．A.borrowed B．bought
C．invented D．lost
解析：选B 根据语境可知，Weiser开始将自己的想法付诸于实践，于是买来了(bought)一本黑色的笔记本，后面的store也可提示答案。
10．A.open B．broken
C．creative D．simple
解析：选A 根据语境可知，能够愿意在笔记本上分享自己的感言或经历的当然应该是心胸比较开阔，性格开朗的人。
11．A.unless B．before
C．after D．although
解析：选C 根据语境可知，当乘客上车之后，Weiser就会拿出笔记本询问他们是否愿意在笔记本上写点什么。
12．A.forgotten B．sold
C．produced D．collected
解析：选D 根据空格后面的“more than 800 entries(条目) from riders from different places”可知，此处应该是Weiser现在已经收集了800多个条目了。
13．A.loved B．appreciated
C．remembered D．considered
解析：选C 根据语境可知，Weiser想起(remembered)曾经有一位女士在笔记本上写了一句话。
14．A.saw B．guessed
C．argued D．heard
解析：选A 根据“Then she flipped (翻阅) back ...”可知，当她翻阅别人写的东西时看见别人引用的跟自己的一样。
15．A.disappointed B．worried
C．embarrassed D．bored
解析：选C 根据上下内容及语境可知，那位女士发现自己引用的和别人一样时，自然会感到很尴尬。
16．A.looking after B．taking in
C．laughing at D．picking out
解析：选B 根据空格前内容可知答案。乘客在翻阅的时候自然会吸纳他人所分享的内容。
17．A.offers B．enjoys
C．promises D．surprises
解析：选D 根据语境可知，当Weiser自己翻阅那本笔记本时，看到那么多的正能量，也会感到惊奇。
18．A.stored B．shared
C．saved D．searched
解析：选B 根据句意可知，这些正能量和温暖都是每一位乘客分享的。
19．A.valuable B．interesting
C．unpleasant D．secret
解析：选C 根据前面的“how much warmth and positivity people have ...”可知，没有人写消极的令人不愉快的内容。
20．A.down B．up
C．over D．on
解析：选A 根据下文的“mostly because they have motion sickness”及语境可知，只有很少的人会拒绝他的请求，大都是因为他们会晕车。turn sb. down意为“拒绝某人”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
A neighborhood kid with branches and leaves covered a large part of his body and a piece of cloth around his heads came into our front yard. He looked like a little soldier whom was hiding himself. I asked him, “What are you doing here？” “I'm acting like a tree, so I want to attract butterflies，” he said. As he waited on the grass, I brought out of a huge blue butterfly I had bought in Malaysia and hid them behind my back. I walked over, pulled out a butterfly, and said, “A butterfly has come see you.” He was surprised and took deeply breaths, and his eyes widened. His wishes won't always come true, but one does that day.
答案：第一句：covered→covering; heads→head
第二句：whom→who/that
第四句：so→because
第五句：去掉of; them→it
第六句：a→the; see前加to
第七句：deeply→deep
第八句：does→did
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课时跟踪练(三) Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She's a lively (活泼的) child and popular with community residents.
2．They quarreled (吵架) with one another about how to solve the disagreement.
3．He said he regretted (后悔) their failure to reach an agreement.
4．I always confuse John with his brother; they are very much alike (相像的)．
5．We should be considerate (考虑周到的) of other people's feelings.
6．Please don't bother that little mistake, you're forgiven (原谅)．
7．Jim was scolded (责备) by his mother for coming home late.
8．Several pages have been torn (撕破) out of the book dating from the Tang Dynasty.
9．The artist's work shows the perfect (完美的) union of craftsmanship and imagination.
10．No one can predict (预测) when the disease will break out again.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Now that my mother has a telephone, it's much easier to get touch with her.get_后加in
2．You ought to be ashamed for your foolish behaviour.for→of
3．After graduation from college, they made up their mind to go and settle in the countryside.mind→minds
4．We have been on good term with our neighbors for all these years.term→terms
5．She was confronted for severe money problems.for→with
6．She was about to go on talking while I cut her short.while→when
7．What count is determination and confidence in our studies.count→counts
8．You are wanted on phone, Mr Smith.on后加the
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Many people are_at_a_loss (不知所措) as to what to do in case of a real fire.
2．The dictionary lying on the table belongs_to_my_deskmate (属于我的同桌)．
3．All_at_once (突然) the sky became dark and it started to rain.
4．He was always ready to help others. In_return (反过来), he was liked by everyone.
5．I try to keep_in_touch_with_current_events (了解时事) by reading the newspapers.
6．We need_to_keep_in_mind (需要记住) what our goals are.
7．I appreciate your support from_the_bottom_of_my_heart (发自我内心地)．
8．The two friends have at_last_made_up (最后和好了) after the slight misunderstanding.
9．Our members have_the_privilege_of_using (有使用……的特权) the lending service of the library.
10．I guess I may be_allergic_to_that_medicine (对那种药过敏) I took last night.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As a kid, I was always getting scolded by my father for being naughty.
2．Large amounts of money were (be) spent on the old man who was knocked over by a car.
3．Do you mind waiting (wait) for a few minutes while I prepare the materials?
4．When she discovered the theft_ (thief) of her bag, she went to the police.
5．It was very considerate (consider) of you to let us know you were going to be late.
6．I am at a loss to understand those remarks of our teacher.
7．Having_quarreled (quarrel) with each other, they apologized to each other and made up before long.
8．Health problems are closely (close) connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
9．I walked in and everyone burst out laughing (laugh), which made me embarrassed.
10．I regret to_say (say) that we can't stay here any longer.
Ⅱ.选词填空
from the bottom of one's heart， burst out， be ashamed of， knock over， be blessed with， bring ...to mind， take an interest in， a large amount of， lose touch with， the first time
1．When she heard that her good friend had died in the accident, she burst_out crying.
2．The children were so excited the_first_time they were taken aboard.
3．She wanted to make sure she didn't lose_touch_with her friends in Taiwan.
4．You should be_ashamed_of yourself for telling such lies.
5．All the guests wished the new couple happiness from_the_bottom_of_their_hearts.
6．The old song brought my happy childhood to_mind.
7．I hope she will always be_blessed_with good health.
8．The old lady was knocked_over by a car when turning around the corner of the street.
9．I took_an_interest_in playing basketball when I was a middle school student.
10．They set aside a_large_amount_of money for this purpose.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
I was involved in unhealthy eating and exercise behaviour on and off for five years. For the majority of these five years, I appeared “normal” to the untrained eye. But I was suffering eating disorder (饮食紊乱). And I was struggling.
Recovery felt too hard. In the early stages of my recovery, I had to actively distance myself from triggering (诱发) material. But it didn't work for me. At last I decided not to struggle alone. I needed to admit to everyone else that I was struggling.
I made time for people who inspired me. One of those people was my best friend, Scarlett. She, without doubt, has helped save my life. I say this because she has inspired me to not only accept my body but embrace (拥抱) it. She has also shown me that being strong and smart is beautiful. She never escapes from delicious food, which has encouraged me to do the same.
We challenged the society's view on beauty together. We debated everything from body shaping to the fitness industry. We broke down social media and Photoshop. We discussed medication and panic attacks. Nothing_was_taboo. And that was exactly what I needed.
I needed someone who didn't just listen but understood. Having a mentor who guided me through the recovery process has, without doubt, been the key to my recovery. Having someone in my life who actively debunks (揭穿) the idea that losing weight is the answer is invaluable. I'm so glad I have such a friend in my life.
Observing the way Scarlett treats herself continues to inspire me and encourage me to pursue full recovery. My relationship with my body, food and exercise has changed and much of that I contribute to her influence and example.
I will keep moving forward. I will keep eating often and well. I will allow my body to be at whatever weight it wants to be at I will do this not just for me but to be an example to others who may need that little bit of inspiration, just like I did all those months ago.
语篇解读：作者患有饮食失调症，让她苦不堪言，后来在一位好朋友的影响下改变了自己的观点，对未来充满希望。
1．What was the author's problem?
A．Suffering various diseases.
B．Having no time for exercise.
C．Not looking normal to others.
D．Having an unbalanced diet.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“But I was suffering eating disorder (饮食紊乱)．”可知，作者患有饮食失调症。
2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．They talked about topics carefully.
B．They could talk about everything.
C．Nothing was sad to the author.
D．Nothing was interesting.
解析：选B 句意理解题。根据第四段中列举出的那些例子，以及画线句子后面的“And that was exactly what I needed.”可知，作者可以跟那位朋友无所不谈。
3．What did the author most probably learn from Scarlett?
A．She should be careful about her diet.
B．She should have a nice?looking body.
C．She should learn to really like her body.
D．She should try really hard to lose weight.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段的“I say this because she has inspired me to not only accept my body but embrace (拥抱) it.”以及最后一段的“I will allow my body to be at whatever weight it wants to be at.”可知，作者从那位朋友那里知道她应该学会爱自己的身体。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Eating Disorder Is a Disease
B．The Great Pain I Have Suffered
C．My Friendship with My Best Friend
D．My Best Friend Helped Save My Life
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者最好的朋友帮助她克服了饮食失调症，改变了她的生活。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Think of a number between one and ten. Was it seven? Researchers have found that, when __1__ (ask) to think of a number between one and ten, __2__ number of people will think of the number seven. The number seven is usually the favorite. Why is that?
__3__ many cultures around the world, “seven” __4__ (consider) a lucky number. Some scientists and mathematicians also believe there are some interesting characteristics of the number __5__ (it)．
__6__ the number seven is really lucky or not is a matter of opinion. Some people believe it is, but this belief may __7__ (simple) come from the positive things related to the number. The number seven enjoys a long history of positive associations (联系). If you start looking for reasons, you __8__ (find) that the number seems to appear everywhere. There are seven days in a week. How many colors are there in a rainbow? Seven! There are seven __9__ (continent). Some researchers have found that human memory works best when __10__ (remember) up to — but not more that — seven items.
Mathematically, the number seven is an odd number. Even numbers can be easily divided by two, so odd numbers seem more unique to some people.
答案：1.asked 2.a 3.In 4.is considered 5.itself
6．Whether 7.simply 8.will find 9.continents
10．remembering
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课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading — Pre- reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I have a very dear friend named Donna who has a passion for opera. She loves to sing her favorite operas, listen to operas, read about operas, talk about operas (when she can find someone who'll listen), but much to her disappointment, she only goes to the opera occasionally (偶尔)．
Why doesn't she go to the opera more often? Well, unfortunately, Donna's husband and all of her friends dislike opera as much as she loves it, and getting any of them to go to the opera with her is not an easy task.
Donna's experience is a good example of why you should have friends for every occasion. If you've created your own explanation of friendship, I'm sure you'll agree that finding one person that completely fits the_bill is difficult.
Why miss out on doing something you enjoy because none of your present friends are interested? Go to find friends that share your interests. Friendships based on an activity are easy to establish. The main purpose of this website entertainments.com is to create a way for people to find friends that share their interests. Take a look around. Check out the various features of the site. You can make new friends in your neighborhood, or around the world that share one or two of your interests, or several.
Joining a club or taking a class is another great way to meet people that share your interests. However, don't sit back and wait for someone to approach you. Take the initiative and set activity dates. You can limit the friendship to that activity only, or let it expand into other areas of your life. It's up to you.
It has been said that variety is the spice (调料) of life. So, spice up your life by enjoying a variety of activities with a variety of people. Seeking out friends for every occasion will help you do just that.
1．Donna doesn't go to the opera often because ________.
A．she is busy with work
B．she doesn't like opera
C．she doesn't get along well with others
D．she can't find anyone to go with her
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知答案。
2．The underlined phrase “the bill” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．interest in the opera
B．your shared experience with a friend
C．the money you have to pay
D．what you think a friend should be like
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据第三段的“If you've created your own explanation of friendship ...”可知，the bill指“你自己给友谊下的定义”。
3．Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned as a way to make friends?
A．Holding a party.
B．Going to entertainments.com.
C．Joining a club.
D．Taking a class.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段的“The main purpose of this website ... share their interests.”和第五段的“Joining a club or taking a class is another great way to meet people ...”可知，只有A项文中没有提及。
4．What's the best title for the passage?
A．Value the friendship around you
B．Have friends for every occasion
C．Build trust among friends
D．Share your joy with your friends
解析：选B 标题归纳题。本文旨在告诉我们应该交适合每个场合的朋友，因此选B。
B
Once again, I was in a new school. So was a girl in my class named Paris. That's where the similarities ended.
I was tall and she was short. I was one of the oldest in the class while she was the youngest. I was awkward (笨拙的) and shy. She wasn't. I couldn't stand her, considering her as my enemy. But she wanted to be friends with me.
One day, she invited me over and I said yes — I was too shocked to say no. Actually no one had invited me over to play before. But this girl, who wore the latest fashions, wanted to see me.
She lived on the fourth floor in a two?room place with her mother, her stepfather, her two brothers and her sister. When we got to the room she shared with her sister, she took out a big case of Barbies which was my next surprise. I would have thought she'd outgrown (长大而放弃) them. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk?in cupboard laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies. That's when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older. We both had wild imaginations.
We had a great day that afternoon. Our jaws (下巴) ached from smiling so much. She showed me her outfits (全套服装), which had mostly come from a designer clothing store (时装设计店) down the block. The woman who owned it used her as a model sometimes for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange.
Paris had the whole neighborhood attracted. The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines, the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free pieces. Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each other's houses, spent every free moment together. My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall.
Paris, my first real friend since childhood, helped me get through the tough teenage years and taught me an amazing thing about making friends: your “worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend.
语篇解读：作者回忆了转学后，与女同学Paris由相识、敌对到和睦相处，最后成为最要好的朋友的过程以及作者内心的感受。
5．Which of the following is most probably the best title?
A．A story about Paris
B．An unlikely best friend
C．Life in a new school
D．A secret of how to make friends
解析：选B 标题归纳题。作者在文中回忆了最初结识Paris的时候，觉得不能忍受她，所以把她当作自己的敌人，后来她们成了最要好的朋友。故B项切题。
6．The writer and Paris were similar in that ________.
A．both of them were new students
B．both of them were friendly
C．both of them were tall
D．both of them were the youngest in class
解析：选A 细节理解题。从第一段中的“Once again, I was in a new school. So was a girl in my class named Paris.”可以看出两人都是刚到这所学校。故答案为A。
7．In the article the writer describes Paris as a girl who was ________.
A．awkward and shy B．fashionable and proud
C．quiet and lonely D．friendly and lovely
解析：选D 推理判断题。从第二段对两人的对比及下文对Paris的描述中可以看出，Paris跟作者(“awkward and shy”)不同，她既友善又可爱。
8．From the article, we can see that through her friendship with Paris, the writer ________.
A．found she and Paris had more similarities than differences
B．was able to fit in at her new school with Paris' help
C．was not so awkward or shy as before
D．learned more about fashion herself
解析：选C 推理判断题。从倒数第二段中的“My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall.”可以看出，和Paris的友谊对作者帮助很大，作者不再像以前那样害羞了。
C
Theory of mind is what allows us to assess (评价) the mental states (thoughts, feelings, beliefs) of others based on a whole host of input, and to use that assessment to predict and explain what people are thinking. Theory of mind allows us to defeat competitors in business and avoid being cheated in turn, as well as know the unspoken things of romantic (爱情的) relationships.
Unfortunately, men have gotten the short end of the stick when it comes to theory of mind. Girls tend to develop theirs faster than boys, and women generally do better on theory of mind tasks than men.
Fortunately, it's a skill that can be cultivated,_and reading fiction is one way to do so. Studies show that when we read fiction, the parts of our brain responsible for theory of mind light up and keep working. Narratives require us to guess at the hidden purposes of characters, figure out what their enemies or lovers may or may not be thinking, as well as keep track of all the social interactions (社交) between them.
When it comes to building the muscle of our theory of mind, Jane Austen's novels are like barbells (杠铃)．They're all about relationships and what everyone thinks about those relationships. Austen's novels are filled with many characters who constantly guess at the thoughts and intentions of the other characters; each communicates with the others in complex ways that influence the relationships of nearly everyone in the book. For example, in Pride and Prejudice, there are almost 50 different characters, and all of them connect with each other in some subtle way. Keeping track of this web of relationships and figuring out what all those subtle 19th?century British social gestures really mean, become a useful exercise in theory of mind. Whenever I finish a Jane Austen novel, I thus feel a bit more socially smart.
语篇解读：作者认为男人多读简·奥斯汀的小说有助于他们发展心智理论，更好地读懂他人的想法。
9．What does Paragraph 1 tell us about theory of mind?
A．It's mainly used by businessmen.
B．It is hardly used in our daily life.
C．It doesn't really benefit relationships.
D．It helps us know about others' thoughts.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Theory of mind is what allows us to assess (评价) the mental states ... that assessment to predict and explain what people are thinking.”可知，这种理论有助于我们知道他人的想法。
10．Compared with women, men generally ________.
A．have more theory of mind tasks
B．are weak in using theory of mind
C．develop theory of mind earlier
D．consider theory of mind more important
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Girls tend to develop theirs faster than boys, and women generally do better on theory of mind tasks than men.”可知，女性比男性能够更好地使用心智理论。
11．What is the meaning of the underlined word “cultivated” in Paragraph 3?
A．Developed. B．Found.
C．Changed. D．Replaced.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“develop”和第三段后面讲述对于这种能力的培养方式可知，画线词意为“培养”。
12．What does the author mainly want to show by comparing Jane Austen's novels to barbells?
A．Her novels are difficult to read.
B．Her novels have characters with special thoughts.
C．Her novels are all about relationships.
D．Her novels are good for theory of mind training.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段的“They're all about relationships and ... guess at the thoughts and intentions of the other characters”以及“Keeping track of this web of relationships ... I thus feel a bit more socially smart.”可知，这里的比喻是为了表明简·奥斯汀的小说有助于训练我们的心智理论。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
A lot of people seem to believe that successful people spend a majority of their time working overtime and frequently have sleepless nights. __1__ In fact, many of the world's smartest people take their weekends to relax and spend time with their family, themselves, and their goals. Here are four habits that successful people have in common.
They follow a hobby that they can practice every day. Successful people know that there is a lot more to life than working, sleeping, and eating. __2__ When you're able to pick up a hobby that you can practice every day, it may actually help you become more successful. For example, playing a musical instrument improves motor and analytical skills as well as creativity.
__3__ When it comes to reading, summarizing (总结，概括) is extremely helpful and smart. It helps you look for and find the main points and important details in each paragraph that you read.
They share what they learn with others. It's very important to always learn something new every day. __4__ You take in new information and keep it through the books you read and web searches all the time. You have the ability to share that with those around you, and that is extremely meaningful.
They come up with 10 ideas every day. It may sound like a pretty exhausting thing to do at first, but it's one of the most powerful ways to change and improve your life. First, it improves creativity and your problem?solving abilities. __5__ Third, it gives your brain that daily mental practice it needs, which will increase your psychological energy.
A．They follow their questions.
B．They summarize what they read.
C．It is very easy to live in our comfort zones.
D．It would be a very big mistake to think this way.
E．It's equally important to share that knowledge with others.
F．Second, it helps to prepare you to respond to almost any situation.
G．That's why the world's smartest people join in one or more activities that they love.
答案：1～5 DGBEF
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