Module 3 Literature
Oliver Twist is a young orphan.His mother, not known to anyone in the town, died right after giving birth to him, and he was sent to the orphanage.When he turned nine, he was sent to the workhouse.One day, Oliver asked for more, so Mr Bumble sent him to an undertaker (殡仪员)．It was not great there either, and Oliver ran away.
Oliver walked towards London, where he met a boy named Jack Dawkins.He introduced Oliver to Fagin, who trained kids to be thieves.One day, Oliver went out with Jack and a boy named Charley Bates.Oliver saw them steal the handkerchief of Mr Brownlow.He was arrested for theft by Mr Brownlow mistakenly.Luckily, the bookseller proved Oliver was innocent.At last Mr Brownlow took Oliver home.
Later, Fagin ordered his lover Nancy to take Oliver back and she succeeded.Oliver was forced to break into a house and steal things with Bill Sikes, but Oliver was shot.Sikes escaped, leaving Oliver behind.Oliver had to go back to the house, where the kind owner, Mrs Maylie, and her niece Rose, decided to protect him.
After Oliver recovered, they planned to take him to see Mr Brownlow, but Oliver was nowhere to be found.Meanwhile, Fagin and his partner Monks didn't give up finding Oliver.Nancy, overhearing (偷听) Fagin and Monks' conversation, went to Rose to tell her that Monks was Oliver's half?brother, who had been trying to get Oliver's inheritance (遗产)．Rose and Mr Brownlow decided to find Monks and they met Nancy again on London Bridge, but Nancy was followed by Noah, a boy sent by Fagin.Noah reported everything to Fagin.Then Fagin told that to Sikes.Sikes killed Nancy.Finally, Mr Brownlow found Monks who admitted everything that he had done.Sikes was on the run, and accidentally hung himself in falling off a roof.Fagin was arrested.Oliver, Mr Brownlow, and the Maylies ended up living a peaceful life.
Section ⅠIntroduction & Reading — Pre?reading
[原文呈现][读文清障]
Oliver Asks for More
The room ①in which the boys were fed② was a large stone hall, with a large pot③ at one end④. The warden⑤， helped by two women⑥， served⑦ the soup from this pot at meal times. Each boy was allowed one bowl of soup and no more, except on special holidays when he was given another 60 grams of bread⑧. The bowls never needed washing⑨， as the boys cleaned them with their spoons, trying to eat every bit of⑩ soup?. This never took very long, as the spoons were almost as large as the bowls. When they had cleaned their bowls in this way?， they would sit staring at? the pot with eager? eyes?， as if they wanted to eat it. Boys usually have excellent appetites?. Oliver Twist and his companions? slowly starved for three months until finally, they became quite wild with hunger?.
①in which为“介词＋关系代词”结构，in which the boys were fed是定语从句，修饰先行词the room。
②feed/fi?d/v.喂养；为……提供食品 ③pot/p?t/n.锅
④with a large pot at one end是with复合结构。
⑤warden/'w??dn/n.管理员
⑥过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the warden。
⑦serve/s??v/v.端上(饭菜等)
⑧when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词holidays。
⑨need washing需要洗
该结构中用主动形式表达被动含义，还可表达为need to be washed。
⑩every bit of每一点 a bit of ...一点儿……
?as the boys cleaned them with their spoons是原因状语从句，其中trying to eat every bit of soup作cleaned的伴随状语。
?in this way用这种方式
同义词组：by this means/with this method
?stare at注视着，盯着 gaze at瞪着，怒目而视
?eager/'i?ɡ?/adj.热切的，渴望的 be eager for ...渴望……
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
?现在分词短语staring at the ...作状语，表示伴随。
?appetite/'?p??taIt/n.胃口；食欲 ?companion n．伙伴，同伴
?become wild with hunger饿得发疯
其中become为连系动词，wild作表语，而with在此表示原因。
奥利弗还要更多
[第1段译文]
男孩们进食的场所是一间宽敞的大石厅，一口大锅放在大厅的一头。开饭的时候，管理员从锅里舀汤，有两个女人给他打杂。每个男孩只可分得一碗汤，决不多给，除非逢特别的节日，才可以再分到60克面包。粥碗从来用不着洗，孩子们非用汤匙把碗刮得重又明光铮亮了才住手，试图吃掉每一点粥。这绝对花不了很长时间，因为汤匙几乎就有碗那般大了。他们这样把碗刮干净以后，就坐在那儿，眼巴巴地瞅着汤锅，似乎要把它也吞进肚子里。男孩们的胃口通常都很好。三个月以来，奥利弗·特威斯特和同伴们一起忍受着慢性饥饿的煎熬，到后来饿得都快发疯了。
There was one boy who was tall for his age, and was not used to? being hungry all the time?， as his father had kept a small cook shop. This boy told his friends that he had to have another bowl of soup each day. If he did not， he was afraid that one night he might eat the small young boy who slept next to him. The tall boy had a wild, hungry look in his eye and everyone believed him. The boys had a meeting. They decided that one of them should walk up to the warden after supper that evening and ask for more food. They wrote their names on pieces of paper and picked one out. It was Oliver Twist who was chosen.
The evening arrived and the boys went to their places. The warden stood by the pot with his assistants in a line behind him. The soup was served and disappeared down the boy's throats. The boys whispered to each other, and those next to Oliver nudged him. Oliver, who was desperate with hunger and misery， rose from the table and walked towards the master with his bowl and spoon in his hand. Frightened by his own courage， he said, “Please sir, I want some more.”
?be (not) used to doing sth.(不)习惯于做某事
?all the time一直，总是
keep此处表示“经营”，相当于run。
who was tall ...all the time是限制性定语从句；as his father had kept a small cook shop是原因状语从句。
If he did not是条件状语从句。
next to (＝ close to)靠近，接近
who slept next to him是定语从句。
look n．表情，外貌
walk up to向……走去
ask for要求，请求
pick out挑选；认出
pick up(开车)去接；收听；(不经意)学会；好转
It was ... who ...为强调句式。
stand by站在……的旁边；支持
此处为“with＋宾语＋介词短语”构成的with复合结构，in a line(排)成一排
down one's throat向下通过某人的喉咙
whisper/'wIsp?/v.低声地说；耳语
nudge/n?d?/v.推开
desperate/'desp?r?t/adj.绝望的
be desperate for渴望得到
be desperate to do sth.渴望做某事
misery n．苦难；痛苦
Frightened by his own courage作状语，意为“被自己的大胆吓了一跳”。
[第2～3段译文]
其中有个男孩子，个子较同龄人高，而且不习惯总这么挨饿，因为他父亲开过一家小饭馆。他跟朋友们说他每天必须多喝一碗汤，否则难保哪天晚上他就会把睡在他身边的那个小男孩吃掉。那个高个子男孩儿眼睛里闪动着一副野性的饥饿目光，孩子们都信以为真。男孩们开了一个会，决定在当天傍晚吃过晚饭后，他们中的一个要到管理员那里去再要一些食物。他们将名字写在纸条上，抽出一张。奥利弗·特威斯特被抽中了。
夜晚来临，男孩子们来到了各自的位子上。管理员站在锅边，打下手的人排成一行站在他的身后。汤一分给孩子们，就被一扫而光了。孩子们交头接耳，那些坐在奥利弗旁边的孩子用胳膊肘推他。奥利弗已经被饥饿与苦难逼得什么都顾不上了，他从桌边站起来，手里拿着碗和汤匙，朝管理员走去。被自己的大胆吓了一跳，他说：“求你了，先生，我还想要一点。”
The warden was a fat, healthy man, but his face became very pale. He stared in complete astonishment at the child and held on to the pot for support. Not until at least thirty seconds had passed, was the man able to speak. “What？” he said finally, in a weak voice.
“Please, sir，” replied Oliver, “I want some more.”
No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon. Then he seized Oliver's arms and held him, while he shouted for Mr Bumble.
The managers of the workhouse were having a meeting when Mr Bumble rushed into the room in great excitement. Speaking to the leader of the meeting， he said, “Mr Limbkins, I am sorry, sir! Oliver Twist has asked for more！”
healthy/'helθi/adj.健康的 pale adj.苍白的
in astonishment惊讶地，吃惊地
hold on to抓着
support/s?'p??t/n.支撑物
at least (＝ at the least)至少
Not until at least thirty ... was the man able to speak.是倒装句。not until位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序。
in a ... voice用……声音(说)，……声地
no sooner ... than ...刚一……就……
hit sb. on the head打某人的头
no sooner ... than ...句式中，no sooner置于句首时，该句用部分倒装。要注意原句的时态。
seize/si?z/v.抓住
seize sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊
be doing ... when ...正在做某事，就在那时(又发生了另一件事)。
rush into冲进去
in great excitement (情绪)非常激动
现在分词短语Speaking to the leader of the meeting作状语。
[第4～7段译文]
管理员是个健壮的胖子，但他的脸一下子变白了。他瞪着这个孩子，完全惊呆了，手抓着锅以求站稳。至少过了30秒钟，他才说出话来。“什么？”管理员最后开了口，声音有气无力。
“先生，求求你了，我还想要一些。”奥利弗答道。
孩子的话刚出口，大师傅就操起勺子狠狠地敲他的脑袋。然后他抓住奥利弗的胳膊不放，尖声高呼着本伯先生。
济贫院的理事们正在开会，本伯先生冲进房间，情绪十分激动。他对主持会议的人说：“林勃金斯先生，请您原谅！奥利弗·特威斯特还要更多！”
The faces of everyone in the room showed complete astonishment. “For more！” said Mr Limbkins. “Think carefully, Mr Bumble, and answer me clearly. Do I understand that he asked for more， after he had eaten his bowl of soup？”
“He did, sir，” replied Bumble.
“Never have I heard anything like it！” said Mr Limbkins.
“They'll hang that boy，” said a gentleman in a white jacket. “I know that they'll hang him.”
Nobody disagreed with the gentleman's opinion. A lively discussion took place. Oliver was immediately locked in a room. The next morning a notice was put up on the door of the workhouse， offering a reward to anybody who would employ Oliver Twist.
“I never was more sure of anything in my life，” said the gentleman in the white jacket, as he knocked at the door and read the notice the next morning. “I never was more sure of anything in my life — that boy will be hanged.”
此处为and连接两个并列的祈使句。
that he asked for more是宾语从句，作understand的宾语。
Never have I heard anything like it！是倒装句。never位于句首引起部分倒装。never在此为否定副词，引起倒装时，往往借助于相应的助动词。
hang/h??/v.(hanged, hanged)绞死；吊死
hang v．(hung, hung)悬挂
that they'll hang him是宾语从句，作know的宾语。
disagree with不同意
take place发生；进行
该短语无被动语态和进行时态。
lock/l?k/v.用锁锁(起来)
put up此处指“张贴”布告。
workhouse/'w??k?ha?s/n.(英国昔日的)济贫院；贫民习艺所
reward/rI'w??d/n.酬谢；奖赏；赏金
offering a reward to anybody ...为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰notice。该状语中又包含了定语从句who would employ Oliver Twist。
be sure of有把握，确信
be certain of确信……
[第8～13段译文]
在房间里开会的所有人个个脸上都露出大为惊异的神色。“还要更多！”林勃金斯先生说。“仔细想想，本伯先生，清楚地回答我的话。我该没有听错，你是说他喝了他的那碗汤以后还要更多？”
“是这样的，先生，”本伯回答道。
“我还从来没听过这样的事呢！”林勃金斯先生说道。
“他们会把那个男孩子吊死，”一个穿着白色夹克的绅士说道，“我知道他们会把他吊死。”
对这位绅士的观点，谁也没有反驳。理事会进行了一番激烈的讨论。奥利弗立刻被关进一个房间里。第二天早晨，济贫院门外贴出了一张告示，向愿意雇用奥利弗·特威斯特的人提供奖赏。
“这辈子我还从没有对什么事情这么肯定过呢。”第二天早晨，那个穿着白夹克的绅士一边敲门，一边浏览着这张告示说道，“这辈子我还从没有对什么事情这么肯定过——那个孩子一定会被吊死。”
Pre?reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．scene A．very interested and excited by sth.that is going to happen
2．feed B．talk or say sth.privately or secretly
3．serve C．take hold of (sth.) suddenly and violently
4．whisper D．feeling great despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger
5．desperate E．sth.given or received in return for work or service
6．seize F．to give food to; to provide food for
7．reward G．to provide (guests, customers, etc.)with food, drinks, etc.
8．eager H．a set of continuous action in plays, films, etc.
1～5 6～8
答案：1～5 HFGBD 6～8 CEA
INCLUDEPICTURE "2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT Lead?in
Do you know the novelist? Can you tell us any novels written by him?
参考答案：The novelist is Charles Dickens. His novels are Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, A tale of Two cities, etc.
While?reading
Fast?reading
(Ⅰ)Read the text quickly and match the main idea with each part.
1．Part 1 (Para. 1) A．Oliver was chosen to ask for more food.
2．Part 2 (Para. 2－3) B．All the boys in the workhouse were hungry.
3．Part 3 (Para. 4－13) C．Oliver was hit and locked.
1～3
答案：1～3 BAC
(Ⅱ)Skim the text and put the sentences in the correct order.
A．Everyone at the meeting agreed with the gentleman's opinion of hanging Oliver Twist.
B．Oliver Twist was chosen to ask for more food.
C．The warden stood by the pot with his assistants in a line behind him.
D．The warden was too surprised to speak for at least thirty seconds after hearing Oliver Twist's words.
答案：B－C－D－A
Careful?reading
Read the text again and choose the best answers.
1．This passage is mainly about .
A．Oliver's happy life
B．Oliver and his companions' satisfying life
C．Oliver and his companions' terrible life
D．Oliver's study experience
2．Who served the soup from the pot at meal times?
A．Only the warden.
B．A man who kept a small cook shop.
C．The warden and two other women.
D．A gentleman in a white jacket.
3．The boys there never washed their bowls because .
A．they cleared their bowls with their spoons in order to eat every bit of soup
B．they were so lazy that they didn't want to do it
C．there was not any water in the large stone hall
D．their parents would help them wash the bowls
4．Why did the boys there have a meeting before supper?
A．Because all of them were not used to being hungry all the time.
B．Because all the boys had excellent appetites.
C．Because all the boys wanted to use smaller spoons.
D．Because they wanted to choose one boy to ask the warden for more food.
5．What did the managers do to punish Oliver?
A．They let him stand day and night.
B．They locked him in a room.
C．They let him do a lot of homework.
D．They forbade him to eat anything.
答案：1～5 CCADB
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．He described life in the middle of the 19th century, a period that is now called Victorian, as it is when Queen Victoria ruled Britain.
[句式分析] 此句是一个复合句，主句中的a period that is now called Victorian是同位语，解释说明前面的the middle of the 19th century; that is now called Victorian为定语从句；as引导的是原因状语从句，系动词is后接when引导的表语从句。
[尝试翻译] 他描述了19世纪中期的生活，当时英国正处在维多利亚女皇的统治下，现在也称这个时期为维多利亚时期。
2．Oliver, who was desperate with hunger and misery, rose from the table and walked towards the master with his bowl and spoon in his hand.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 奥利弗已经被饥饿与苦难逼得什么都顾不上了，他从桌边站起来，手里拿着碗和汤匙，朝管理员走去。
3．The next morning a notice was put up on the door of the workhouse, offering a reward to anybody who would employ Oliver Twist.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句，主句主语是a notice，谓语是was put up on the door of the workhouse；offering a reward to anybody who would employ Oliver Twist为现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随状况，而且里面含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词anybody。
[尝试翻译] 第二天早晨，济贫院门外贴出了一张告示，向愿意雇用奥利弗·特威斯特的人提供奖赏。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well?loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables (寓言) into cartoon movies.
The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney version we know today. It started off with the girl mourning her mother's death and going to her tomb three times a day. In addition, there were only birds that helped Cinderella; there was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice, nor was there mention of a horse and carriage.
The stepsisters were cruel: they always threw Cinderella's food into the ashes of the fire, and made her sleep on the ashes on the floor, hence (因此，由此) her name.
In the original story, the king's ball actually lasted for three days. With the help of the birds, the girl, beautifully dressed, danced with the prince on all three nights and the prince fell in love with her. However, she broke away from him to rush back home each night. On the last night, the prince placed something sticky on the stairs; as Cinderella made her escape, a shoe got stuck on it.
Here now is where the story becomes unpleasant: when the prince went to the house looking for the girl whose foot fit the shoe, the wicked (邪恶的) stepmother told one of her two daughters to cut off her big toe to fit into the shoe. The daughter did as told. So the prince took her away to be his bride. But, when they passed the tomb of Cinderella's mother, the birds called out to the prince，
“Turn and peep, there's blood within the shoe；
The shoe is too small, the true bride waits for you.”
Realizing he had been tricked, the prince returned the daughter to her mother; the other then had to cut off part of her heel in order to fit into the shoe, with the same result. Only Cinderella's foot fit perfectly and so the prince chose to marry her. The story ends with the wedding day: as Cinderella's two stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the king's riches, two birds flew by and plucked (啄) out their eyes. Because of their wickedness and falsehood, they had to spend the rest of their days blind.
The original Cinderella is so different from the Disney version. Thank goodness Disney made such changes; it indeed was a wise move.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。迪士尼的卡通人物“灰姑娘”的故事几乎是家喻户晓，但你知道最初的灰姑娘的故事吗？大家赶快读文章，从中寻求一个不同的“灰姑娘”吧。
1．What does the underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．Such wonderful things.
B．Other well?loved characters.
C．Old fables.
D．Cartoon movies.
解析：选B 代词指代题。根据画线单词所在句的前一句“However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well?loved characters ...”可以得出答案。
2．How did Cinderella get her name?
A．The birds came up with it.
B．It was given by Disney.
C．It came from the word “ash”．
D．She got it from her mother.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中可知，“灰姑娘”这个名字是从单词ash得出的。A项“鸟儿们想出的”，B项“迪士尼给的”，D项“她从她妈妈那里得到的”，都与原文的内容不符。
3．The moral of the original story is that .
A．a wicked person cannot escape punishment
B．a devoted person certainly deserves respect
C．a well?behaved child earns a great reward
D．a dishonest child cannot get mother love
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的冒名顶替的两个姐姐都被王子发现了，且小鸟把她们的眼睛啄瞎了可知，她们为自己的行为付出了代价，因此本文的寓意是“邪恶的人逃脱不了惩罚”，所以选择A项。
4．What does the author think of the Disney version?
A．Excellent. B．Ordinary.
C．Dull. D．Ridiculous.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thank goodness Disney made such changes; it indeed was a wise move.”尤其是“Thank goodness”以及“a wise move”可知，作者对迪士尼版本的灰姑娘比较认可，因此选A项“极好的，优秀的”。
B
Captain Ralph Crewe is a wealthy English man, who has lost his wife and lives with his young daughter Sara.He sends Sara to Miss Minchin's boarding school for girls in London, in order to prepare her for a future life in society.Crewe pays for her special treatment at the school, such as her own room with great things, her own maid, and her own carriage.The headteacher, Miss Minchin, secretly dislikes Sara, but she hides her true feelings and publicly fawns over (奉承) Sara because her father is so rich.Though living a rich life, Sara is considered quiet, well?mannered and kind by most people.She gains the reputation of being like a “princess”．
After some time, a large party is thrown for Sara's birthday at Miss Minchin's boarding school, which is attended by all her friends and classmates.Just as it ends, Miss Minchin learns of Captain Crewe's unfortunate death.A friend talked Captain Crewe into developing diamond mines with him.The mines failed and Sara is left with no money.Miss Minchin is left with a lot of unpaid bills for Sara's school fees and luxuries (奢侈品), including her birthday party.Angrily, Miss Minchin takes away all of Sara's possessions, makes her live in a cold little dark room, and forces her to earn her living by working as a servant.
For the next several years, Sara is treated badly by Miss Minchin and the other servants.Though she lives a hard life, Sara remains optimistic and kind.She will give bread to the poor girl on the street, though she is also very hungry herself.
Meanwhile, Mr.Carrisford and his Indian assistant move into the house next door to Miss Minchin's school.Mr.Carrisford was Captain Crewe's friend and partner in the diamond mines.As it turned out, the diamond mines did not fail.Instead, it has made Mr.Carrisford extremely rich.Mr.Carrisford is determined to find Crewe's daughter, although he does not know where she is exactly.He thinks she is attending school in France or Moscow.
Do you want to know what happens next？Then find a copy of A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett and enjoy it.
语篇解读：《小公主》是弗朗西斯·霍奇森·伯内特的代表作，本文向我们介绍了这个故事的部分内容。
5．According to Paragraph 1, what do most people at the school think of Sara?
A．They speak highly of her.
B．They praise her insincerely.
C．They're afraid of her sometimes.
D．They dislike her because she's unkind.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知，萨拉在学校时，身边大部分的人对她评价都很高。
6．What kind of person is Miss Minchin?
A．Insincere and cruel.
B．Kind and considerate.
C．Devoted and honest.
D．Greedy and strict.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段“The headteacher, Miss Minchin, secretly ...because her father is so rich.”以及第二段“Angrily, Miss Minchin takes away ... as a servant.”可知，Miss Minchin是一个虚伪且残忍的人。
7．By mentioning the poor girl on the street, the author wants to show us that Sara .
A．has many friends to help her
B．remains optimistic all the time
C．remains kind?hearted to others
D．knows what being poor is like
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Sara remains optimistic and kind ... hungry herself”可知，作者提到在街上乞讨的小女孩是要表明萨拉一直很善良。
8．Why did Mr.Carrisford become rich?
A．Because he was good at doing business.
B．Because Captain Crewe helped him a lot.
C．Because he took away Captain Crewe's money.
D．Because the diamond mines were actually a great success.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“As it turned out, the diamond mines did not fail.Instead, it has made Mr.Carrisford extremely rich.”可知，那些钻石矿很成功，这使Mr.Carrisford发了大财。
C
Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writer, made full use of the greatest resources of the English Language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty?five thousand! There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare uses it. Such a study is well worth the effort, even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare's day.
However, it is surprising that we should know comparatively (相对地) little about the life of the greatest English author. We know that Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford?on?Avon, and that he died there in 1616.He almost certainly attended the grammar school in the town, but of this we cannot be sure. We know that he was married there in 1582 to Anne Hathaway and that he had three children. We know that he spent much of his life in London writing his masterpieces. But this is almost all that we do know.
However, what is important about Shakespeare's life is not its details but its products, the plays and the poems. For many years scholars have been trying to add a few facts about Shakespeare's life to the small number we already possess and for an equally long time critics (批评) have been theorizing (理论化) about the plays. Sometimes, indeed, it seems that the poetry of Shakespeare will disappear under the great mass of comment that has been written upon it.
Fortunately, this is not likely to happen. Shakespeare's people have long delighted not just the English but lovers of literature everywhere, and will continue to do so after the scholars and critics and all their works have been forgotten.
语篇解读：本文介绍了莎士比亚的生平及他的作品对后世的影响。
9．What's Paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．The great varieties in writing styles.
B．The great length of Shakespeare's works.
C．The richness of the content in Shakespeare's works.
D．The rich English language used by Shakespeare in his works.
解析：选D 段落大意题。本段开头点出莎士比亚较其他作家而言，对英语使用的最为充分，接着对其进行了例证，即其作品中的词汇是常人使用的词汇的5倍。由此可知D项正确。
10．According to the passage, which of the following remains uncertain about Shakespeare?
A．His date of birth. B．His marriage.
C．His life in the grammar school. D．His date of death.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“He almost certainly attended ...cannot be sure.”可知，莎士比亚有没有上过文法学校不确定。所以选C项。
11．What does the last sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．People don't think the poetry of Shakespeare good any more.
B．People pay more attention to the comment than the poetry of Shakespeare.
C．People can't read the poetry of Shakespeare any more.
D．The comment is printed on the poetry of Shakespeare.
解析：选B 推理判断题。在大量的评论之下，莎士比亚的诗歌看起来会消失，由此可以看出人们过多地注意了评论而忽略了诗歌。
12.“Shakespeare's people” in Paragraph 4 refers to .
A．the characters in Shakespeare's works
B．the people living in Shakespeare's day
C．the readers of Shakespeare's works
D．the people whose native language is English
解析：选A 细节理解题。该段从侧面肯定了莎士比亚的作品，是“莎士比亚作品中的人物”为英语增加了光彩，也使热爱文学的人们感到愉悦。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
For a bird, to fly hundreds or thousands of miles each spring and fall is a difficult and dangerous journey, one that not all birds can survive. 1 There is more than one single reason for different birds to migrate (迁徙), but it all comes down to survival.
Birds are migrating for a meal.
For all birds, one of the main driving forces behind migration is food.If all birds were to stay in the same places year?round, food there would become scarce (缺乏的). 2 But as the food supplies decrease in the fall, they return to the southern areas.
3
Over millions of years, birds have developed different migration patterns, times and destinations.This helps birds take advantage of a wide variety of suitable conditions to raise their young, which increases the survival chances of the young birds.
Birds are migrating because of climate changes.
Changes in climate can affect migration.Many birds leave the Arctic for example, when temperatures begin to fall.They need warmer habitats.Similarly, the hottest regions can be an unpleasant environment for raising young birds. 4
Birds are migrating because of predators (天敌)．
Habitats that have rich food sources also attract a greater number of predators. 5 Many birds even migrate to specialized habitats that are nearly inaccessible to predators, such as coastal cliffs or rocky offshore islands.
A．So why do birds migrate?
B．Birds are migrating for their young.
C．So how do young birds migrate?
D．Birds are migrating because of diseases.
E．It is beneficial to lay eggs further north in cooler areas.
F．Birds that migrate to different habitats can avoid being eaten by predators.
G．As food sources are rich in the north each spring, millions of birds migrate from south to those areas.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了鸟类迁徙的几个原因。
1．选A 本文主要分析鸟类迁徙的原因，“So why do birds migrate？”一句承上启下，且与下一句一问一答，前呼后应，语意连贯。
2．选G 后一句讲到秋天北方食物减少，鸟类飞向温暖的南方。故可判断前一句应该讲鸟类向北方迁徙的情形。
3．选B 该句为本段主题句。鸟类迁徙的另一个原因是为了利用各种有利条件繁衍生息，抚养后代，故选B。
4．选E 本段主要讲鸟类因气候变化的原因迁徙。上一句说到太热的地方不是一个好的生存环境，因此，鸟类要在凉爽的地方产卵。
5．选F 因为食物充足的地方往往也会吸引其天敌，所以鸟类要避开其天敌而迁徙。predators是一个重要的信息线索词。
15
Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.scene n． 场景；场面 2.feed v. 喂养；为……提供食品 3.appetite n. 胃口；食欲 4.whisper v. 低声地说；耳语 5.support n. 支撑物 6.seize v. 抓住 7.hang v. 绞死；吊死 8.lock v. 用锁锁(起来) 9.reward n. 酬谢；奖赏；赏金 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说 2.cruel adj.冷酷的→cruelty n．残酷 3.desperate adj.绝望的 (with)；非常需要的(for)→desperately adv.绝望地→desperation n．绝望(in) 4.healthy adj.健康的→health n．健康(状况) 5.astonishment n．震惊；惊讶→astonish v．使震惊；使惊讶→astonished adj.震惊的；惊讶的(at)→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 6.serve v．端上(饭菜等)→service n．服务 7.eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerness n．热切；渴望 1.feed v．喂养；为……提供食品[联想] 由feed想到的动词 ①raise 饲养 ②keep 饲养 ③support 供养 2.seize v．抓住 [联想] “抓住”动词小聚 ①grasp 抓住，紧握 ②catch 抓住 ③snatch 夺取，抓住 ④grab 攫取，抓住 3.hang v．绞死，吊死 [比较] ①“悬挂，吊”的过去式和过去分词：hung, hung “②绞死，吊死”的过去式和过去分词：hanged, hanged 4.astonishment n．震惊；惊讶 [串记] To our astonishment, the famous star died. That's to say, we were astonished at the news of her sudden death, and it was really astonishing.
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.in astonishment 惊讶地，吃惊地 2.no sooner ...than ... 刚一……就 3.stare at 瞅，凝视，盯着看 4.hold on to 抓紧，握紧 5.disagree with 不同意 6.in a ...voice 用……声音(说)，……声地 7.hit sb. on the head 打某人的头 8.pick out 挑选出 9.be desperate with 因……而绝望 10.be cruel to 对……残酷 1.serve the soup 端上汤2.at meal times 在吃饭的时间 3.on special holidays 在特别假期 4.with eager eyes 用渴望的眼睛 5.have excellent appetites 胃口很好 6.become quite wild with hunger 因为饥饿而变得发疯 7.ask for more food 要更多吃的东西 8.rise from the table 从桌旁站起来 9.in great excitement 十分激动地
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.The warden stood by the pot with his assistants in a line behind him. 管理员站在锅边，打下手的人排成一行站在他的身后。 with复合结构，his assistants是宾语，in a line behind him是宾补。 The girl walked to her mother with a bunch of flowers in her hands. 那女孩手捧一束花向她妈妈走去。
2.No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon. 孩子的话刚出口，大师傅就操起勺子狠狠地敲他的脑袋。 no sooner ...than ...“刚一……就……”；no sooner后常用过去完成时态。 No sooner had he done it than he knew he had made a mistake. 他刚一做完就知道自己犯了一个错误。
3.The managers of the workhouse were having a meeting when Mr Bumble rushed into the room in great excitement. 济贫院的理事们正在开会，本伯先生冲进房间，情绪十分激动。 be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时……”when作并列连词。 The children were playing football on the playground when it began to rain. 孩子们正在操场上踢足球，这时突然下雨了。
4.I never was more sure of anything in my life — that boy will be hanged. 这辈子我还从没有对什么事情这么肯定过——那个孩子一定会被吊死。 句中形容词比较级more sure与否定词never连用，表示最高级的意义。 I have never read a better book than this one. 我从未读过比这本书更好的书。
1．(教材P30)The room in which the boys were fed was a large stone hall, with a large pot at one end.
男孩们进食的场所是一间宽敞的大石厅，一口大锅放在大厅的一头。
?feed v. 喂养，饲养，为……提供食品
feed sb. with/on ... 用……喂养某人 feed sth. to sb./sth. 把某物给某人/某物吃 feed on＝live on (人)以……为食 be fed up with＝be tired of (口语)厌倦……
形象记忆
①You'd better feed these fresh vegetables to the little boy.
你最好把这些新鲜的蔬菜给那个小男孩吃。
②Most of the Chinese people feed on rice.
大部分中国人以稻米为主食。
③She is fed up with the same song so she decides to download a new one from the Internet.
她厌倦了同一首歌，所以她决定从网上下载一首新歌。
2．(教材P30)The warden, helped by two women, served the soup from this pot at meal times.
开饭的时候，管理员从锅里舀汤，有两个女人给他打杂。
?serve v. 端上(饭菜等)；服务，接待；服役，(为……)工作
(1)serve sb.with sth.＝serve sth.to sb.
用某物招待某人，给人端上……
serve sth.with sth. 某物配着某物一起端上
serve as＝work/act as 担任，当作，起……作用
serve the people heart and soul
全心全意为人民服务
(2)service n. 接待，服务
at sb.'s service 随时为某人服务
①Neighbors enjoy meeting new people, and some families even serve drinks and cakes to their neighbors.
邻居们乐意认识新人，有些家庭甚至还用饮料和点心招待他们的新邻居。
②The holes were sufficiently large to serve as nests.
这些洞作鸟巢足够大。
③If I can help you, I am at your service.
要是我能帮忙的话，我愿为你效劳。
[名师点津] serve用于“服务”时，是及物动词；“服役”时，为不及物动词。
3．(教材P30)When they had cleaned their bowls in this way, they would sit staring at the pot with eager eyes, as if they wanted to eat it.
他们这样把碗刮干以净后，就坐在那儿，眼巴巴地瞅着汤锅，似乎要把它也吞进肚子里。
?eager adj. 热切的；渴望的
be eager for ... 渴望……
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager that ... 热切希望
①He's eager to go with her.
他渴望同她一起去。
②It's human that everyone is eager for success.
人人都渴望成功，这是人之常情。
③I'm eager to know (know) what your decision is.
我急于想知道你的决定是什么。
[名师点津] eager后接从句时，从句的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
④The head is eager that all the workers (should) come in time.
队长热切希望所有工人都按时来。
[辨析比较] eager, anxious
eager “渴望的，热切的”，指“以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的”
anxious “担心，忧虑”，指“热切地希望实现愿望，并因担心愿望落空而心情不安或感到焦虑”
[语境串记] She is eager to go to college, but anxious about not passing the College Entrance Examinations.
她渴望上大学，但又担心不能通过高考。
4．(教材P30)The boys whispered to each other, and those next to Oliver nudged him.
孩子们交头接耳，那些坐在奥利弗旁边的孩子用胳膊肘推他。
?whisper
(1)vi.& vt.低声地说；耳语
whisper (sth.) to sb. 对某人低声说(……)
whisper sth.in one's ear 在某人耳边低语某事
whisper (to sb.) that ... (对某人)耳语……
①She leaned forward and whispered the news to him.
她探过身去，低声把消息告诉了他。
②Peter leaned over and whispered something in Tom's ear.
彼得弯下身去在汤姆的耳边低声说了些什么。
③She whispered to me so no one else would hear.
她低声跟我说话以免别人听见。
(2)n.低语，耳语(声)
in a whisper/in whispers＝in a low voice 低声地
④They sat in the back of the room, talking in whispers (whisper)．
他们坐在屋子后面小声地说话。
5．(教材P30)Oliver, who was desperate with hunger and misery, rose from the table and walked towards the master with his bowl and spoon in his hand.
奥利弗已经被饥饿与苦难逼得什么都顾不上了，他从桌边站起来，手里拿着碗和汤匙，朝管理员走去。
?desperate adj. 绝望的，不顾一切的，拼命的；非常需要的
(1)be desperate for 渴望得到
be desperate to do ... 渴望做……
(2)desperately adv. 极其，急切地
(3)desperation n. 绝望，拼命
in desperation 绝望，走投无路
①The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.
在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。
②He is desperate to pursue (pursue) his vocation as an artist.
他不顾一切地想从事艺术的职业。
③He took a deep breath, desperately (desperate) trying to keep calm.
他深深地吸了口气，竭尽全力保持镇定。
6．(教材P30)He stared in complete astonishment at the child and held on to the pot for support.
他瞪着这个孩子，完全惊呆了，手抓着锅以求站稳。
?in astonishment 惊讶地，吃惊地
(1)to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是
(2)astonish v. 使惊讶；使震惊
astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的；使人震惊的
astonished adj. 感到惊讶的；震惊的
①He looked at me in astonishment.
他惊讶地看着我。
②To my astonishment, she was there before me.
令我惊讶的是，她在我之前就到了那儿。
③I find it quite astonishing (astonish) that none of you liked the play.
我感到非常惊讶的是你们谁都不喜欢那部戏剧。
④He is astonished (astonish) to hear he has got the job.
他听到获得了那份工作而感到惊讶。
[联想发散] “in＋名词”结构的常见短语还有：
①in danger处于危险中 ②in peace平静地
③in silence沉默地；寂静地 ④in surprise吃惊地
⑤in anger生气地 ⑥in public当众
⑦in pain痛苦地 ⑧in despair绝望地
?support n. 支持，拥护，支持者；支撑，支撑物vt.支撑；供养；赞助；支持
形象记忆
in support of 支持 support sb. in sth. 在某方面支持某人 support a family 养家
①Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017·江苏高考)
如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。
②I'll mention some facts in support of my argument.
我要举出几个事实来支持我的理论。
③His family supported him in his decision.
他的家人支持他的决定。
7．(教材P31)“They'll hang that boy，” said a gentleman in a white jacket.
“他们会把那个男孩子吊死，”一个穿着白色夹克的绅士说道。
?hang v. 绞死；吊死；悬挂
hang on＝hold on (打电话时)别挂断；抓紧
hang out/about/around 闲荡；闲逛
hang together 团结，同心协力
hang up 挂断(电话)；支撑
①You can hang your coat on the hook over there.
你可以把外衣挂在那边的钩子上。
②Hang on! I'll be back in a couple of shakes!
电话先不要挂断！我马上就回来。
③He hung up before I spoke.
我还没来得及说他就挂断了电话。
8．(教材P31)The next morning a notice was put up on the door of the workhouse, offering a reward to anybody who would employ Oliver Twist.
第二天早晨，济贫院门外贴出了一张告示，向愿意雇用奥利弗·特威斯特的人提供奖赏。
?put up 张贴；搭建；举起；给……提供膳宿
[一词多义] 写出下列句中put up的含义
①The lady put up some posters to look for her pet dog.张贴
②After the earthquake in Chile, many tents were put up for the local residents.搭建
③We shall be happy to put you up when you come to town next month.给……提供膳宿
④The audience put up their hands to welcome their favourite singer.举起
put away 收起来
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；扑灭
put up with 忍受；忍耐
put forward 提出(意见、建议)
put on 穿上；上演
⑤The visit has to be put off because of the rain.
由于下雨，访问不得不延期。
⑥What do you think of the plan put forward by Jack?
你认为杰克提出的计划怎样？
?reward n. 酬谢；奖赏；赏金v.酬谢，奖励
(1)in reward for 为酬谢/奖励……
offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬
as a reward for 作为……的奖励/报酬
(2)reward sb. for sth. 因……而酬谢/奖励某人
reward sb. with sth. 用……来酬谢/奖励某人
①He was given a medal as a reward for his good service.
他因为良好的服务而获得一枚奖章。
②He received a medal in reward for his bravery.
他因勇敢获得一枚奖章。
③Is that how you reward me for my help?
那就是你报答我给予帮助的方式吗？
[辨析比较] reward, award, prize
reward 因某种善举、工作努力等而得到的奖励或报酬
award 多用于奖项名称，并不指具体的奖品；表示概念、荣誉上的奖
prize 多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所获得的奖；这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得
选用上述单词填空
④The Olympic winner got a gold medal as a(n) award.
⑤She won the first prize in the 100?meter race.
⑥It is said that they have offered a large reward for the hard?working employees.
1．No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.
孩子的话刚出口，大师傅就操起勺子狠狠地敲他的脑袋。
(1)句中no sooner ...than ...意为“刚一……就……”。no sooner后常用过去完成时态，且否定副词位于句首，要使用倒装。
①No sooner had she arrived at the station than the train started to leave.
＝She had no sooner arrived at the station than the train started to leave.
她一到车站火车就开了。
②No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.
比赛刚开始，天就下起了大雨。
(2)表示“一……就……”的其他结构：
·hardly ... when/scarcely ... when，句子主句谓语动词用过去完成时，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，句子用倒装语序
·as soon as； the moment/minute/instant ...； immediately/instantly
③Hardly had we begun the climb when the snow began to come down.
我们刚一开始爬山就下起雪来了。
④We hadn't met for 20 years, but I recognized her the instant I saw her.
我和她20年没见面了，可我一见到她就认出了她。
2．I never was more sure of anything in my life — that boy will be hanged.
这辈子我还从没有对什么事情这么肯定过——那个孩子一定会被吊死。
(1)句中形容词比较级more sure与否定词never连用，表示最高级的意义。
①I couldn't agree more.
我再同意不过了。
(2)下列结构均表示最高级意义：
②She's more careful (careful) than anyone else.
她比任何人都仔细。
③She's taller than any of the other students in her class.
她比班里的任何人都高。
④I have never seen such a glorious sunrise.
我从未见过这样壮观的日出。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Dinner is served (serve) from six to nine in that restaurant.
2．I was eager to get (get) back to work as soon as possible.
3．It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards (reward)．
4．“Didn't you have a good time at the party？” she looked at me and asked in astonishment.
5．He made some experiments in support of his views.
6．It is easy to pick out my car from others in the parking lot; it has a picture of Mickey Mouse on the back.
7．Hold on！The rescue workers are coming.
8．My relative has three part?time jobs, because he has a wife and three children to feed (feed)．
9．He was so desperate for a job he would have done anything.
10．Hardly had he heard the news when he jumped with joy.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．No sooner had he finished his lecture (他刚完成他的讲座) than he got the support of many people.
2．How beautifully she sings! I've never heard a better voice (从没听到过这么好的嗓音)．
3．At the meeting they spoke to each other in whispers (小声地) in order not to be heard.
4．To my astonishment (令我吃惊的是), she remembered my name after so many years.
5．The fire lasted two hours before it was put out (被扑灭)．
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The scene (场景) was astonishing to me, to everyone standing by.
2．He is the warden (管理员) of an old people's home.
3．The civil servant nudged (推开) him forward.
4．The beggar at last resorted to the workhouse (救济院)．
5．Suddenly, he was awakened by a kind of desperate (绝望的) cry for help.
6．Leave your car here and lock (用锁锁) it up.
7．There are only 35 staff to serve (服务) 30,000?plus customers.
8．We must seize (抓住) this opportunity to use the unique advantages of Lianyungang and achieve leapfrog development.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．No sooner had the teacher finished her speech when the students started cheering.when→than
2．I hammered a tack (大头钉) into the wall and hanged a small picture from it.hanged→hung
3．All animals including men feed with plants or other animals.with→on
4．They sat on the sofa, talking in whisper.in后加a或whisper→whispers
5．Not until I got home I realize I'd lost my wallet.home后加did
Ⅲ.选词填空
be eager for， feed on， whisper to， in astonishment， in a low voice， no sooner ...than ...， be cruel to， hang up
1．I am sorry I have to hang up now.Someone is knocking at the door.
2．Some of them are eager for romance, while others enjoy being single.
3．After my lecture, the chairman compared notes with the president in a low voice.
4．Bats fly at night and feed on insects and fruit.
5．The sisters whispered to each other when they passed this spot.
6．Madame Grandet and her daughter looked at each other in astonishment.
7．No sooner had I heard the knock than I opened the door.
8．I can't stand people who are cruel to animals.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The warden, 1.helped (help) by two women, served the soup from this pot at meal times. Each boy 2.was allowed (allow) one bowl of soup and no more. The bowls never needed 3.washing/to be washed (wash), as the boys cleaned them with their spoons, 4.trying (try) to eat every bit of soup. One boy told his friends that he had to have another bowl of soup. If he didn't, he might eat a boy. They decided that one boy should ask the warden 5.for more soup. Oliver 6.was chosen (choose). Oliver, who was desperate with hunger and misery, rose from his table and walked to the warden. 7.Frightened (frighten) by his courage, he said, “Please sir, I want some more.” No 8.sooner (soon) had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on 9.the head with the soup spoon. The next morning a notice was put up on the door of the workhouse, offering a reward to anybody 10.who would employ Oliver Twist.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
一次，彼得捡到了一个钱包，吃惊地 (in astonishment) 发现里面有很多钱。我要他抓住 (seize) 机会，用这笔钱到巴黎学习时装。但是彼得不同意 (disagree with) 我的观点，把钱留下来自己用。他用坚定的声音 (in a ... voice) 说，他要把钱还给失主。第二天，失主提出资助彼得到巴黎学习时装作为对他善举的报酬 (in reward for)。他刚一到巴黎就(no sooner ... than ...) 给我发来了电子邮件。因为我急切地 (eager) 想知道他在巴黎怎么样。很多时候，我们还会私下谈 (in whispers) 一些我们的私事。
Once Peter picked up a wallet and found a lot of money in it in astonishment. I asked Peter to seize the chance，using the money to study fashion in Paris. But Peter disagreed with my idea that he would keep the money back for himself. He said in a firm voice that he would give the money back to the owner. The next day, the owner offered that Peter would study fashion in reward for his kindness. No sooner had Peter arrived in Paris than he sent me an e?mail. I was eager to know how things were going on in Paris. Many times, we also talked to each other in whispers about something private.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Years ago, my husband and I decided to take our three girls to Disneyland.Certainly, my husband and I would pay for the 1 ， but we advised our daughters to 2 their spending money through their own efforts.We said our youngest daughter didn't have to do that, 3 she was only ten years old. 4 ， she insisted that she should make her own money.
We 5 near a golf course. One afternoon, I looked through the kitchen window and saw our youngest daughter sit on the grass, patiently 6 the golfers.During supper, she told us she had noticed that the golfers 7 using towels to wipe the 8 on their faces.She could 9 they were hot.She wondered whether we could drive 10 to the supermarket nearby.She wanted to buy some cold soda?water.We asked her 11 .She explained she could sell the soda?water at a slightly 12 price to the golfers.Then she could make money.She described her business plan 13 ， as if she had made a big fortune.We 14 this would probably last only one day, but to encourage her, we gave her our 15 .
To make a long story short, we made over a dozen trips to the 16 and bought dozens of cases of soda?water during those weeks.Each time her soda?water 17 ， she would hurriedly buy more.
The golfers bought her sodas.Maybe they were simply 18 ， but I tend to think it was because they were 19 by the little girl delivering sodas to them in such hot weather.Anyway, she made over $300 all by herself, even a little more than her 20 .
语篇解读：作者一家人准备去迪士尼玩，孩子们必须自己挣零花钱。本想着照顾十岁的小女儿，没想到她执意自己挣钱。
1．A.education B．career
C．change D．tour
解析：选D 根据语境可知，我和丈夫决定带孩子们去迪士尼玩，当然，游玩(tour)的钱是由我们来出。
2．A.earn B．borrow
C．share D．save
解析：选A 但是我们建议孩子们自己赚(earn)自己的零花钱。
3．A.although B．because
C．if D．unless
解析：选B 我们不要求小女儿自己去赚零花钱，因为(because)她才十岁。
4．A.Otherwise B．However
C．Therefore D．Besides
解析：选B 可是(However)，她却坚持要自己去赚钱。四个选项均为副词，otherwise意为“否则，在其他方面”；however意为“然而，无论如何”；therefore意为“因此，所以”；besides意为“此外，而且”。however符合语境。
5．A.lived B．worked
C．played D．travelled
解析：选A 从下文“I looked through the kitchen window”可知，我们住在(lived)一个高尔夫球场附近。
6．A.guiding B．caring
C．questioning D．watching
解析：选D 根据语境可知，我看到我的小女儿在观察(watching)那些打高尔夫球的人。
7．A.considered B．stopped
C．kept D．practiced
解析：选C 根据语境可知，我女儿告诉我们她看到那些人不停地(kept)拿出毛巾来擦汗(sweat)。
8．A.tears B．dust
C．sweat D．rain
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
9．A.let out B．bring out
C．turn out D．figure out
解析：选D 她由此知道(figured out)他们很热。let out意为“泄露，放出，出租”；bring out意为“激发，生产出”；turn out意为“生产，结果是，关掉”；figure out意为“解决，想出，理解”。figure out符合语境。
10．A.her B．them
C．someone D．everyone
解析：选A 孩子问我们是否能开车带她(her)去附近的超市。
11．A.where B．what
C．why D．when
解析：选C 我们问她为什么(why)要去超市买苏打水，下文孩子解释了原因。
12．A.lower B．higher
C．attractive D．reasonable
解析：选B 根据语境可知，我们的小女儿打算把从超市买来的苏打水以稍微高(higher)一些的价格卖给那些打高尔夫球的人。
13．A.surprisedly B．disappointedly
C．calmly D．excitedly
解析：选D 由下文“as if she had made a big fortune”可知，她很兴奋地(excitedly)描述着她的“商业计划”。
14．A.decided B．learned
C．guessed D．remembered
解析：选C 我们猜测(guessed)她的行动可能只会持续一天。
15．A.attitude B．opinion
C．agreement D．advice
解析：选C 根据语境可知，为了支持孩子，我们同意了(agreement)她的计划。
16．A.supermarket B．golf course
C．school D．playground
解析：选A 根据语境可知，我们在那几周去了十几次超市(supermarket)买苏打水。
17．A.drank up B．sold out
C．knocked off D．poured over
解析：选B 每次当她的苏打水卖完(sold out)时，她就要赶紧去再买一些。drink up意为“喝完”；sell out意为“卖完”；knock off意为“击倒，停工，中断”；pour over意为“倾倒”。sell out最符合语境。
18．A.hungry B．thirsty
C．sick D．tired
解析：选B 那些人买水可能仅仅是因为渴了(thirsty)。
19．A.puzzled B．surprised
C．fascinated D．moved
解析：选D 我宁愿认为他们是被小女孩和她的苏打水生意感动了(moved)，因为小女孩不管天气多么热，她都会到高尔夫球场边去卖水。
20．A.sisters B．parents
C．friends D．customers
解析：选A 结果是，她通过卖苏打水挣了300美元，甚至比她的姐姐们(sisters)挣得都多。
Ⅱ.短文改错
I grew up on a small farm. Work on the farm was never stopped. As a result, my father had to work very hard. Sometime he looked very tired. One morning, when Father was still at sleep, my brother Tom and I got up. First, we feed all the calves. Then we milked the cows. Milk the cows was not easy. Though thinking our father would sleep longer, we did the work happy. When all the work was finally finished, we went into the houses and woke up Father. He was really surprising and kissed both of us on the cheeks. It was great day for all of us.
答案：第二句：去掉was
第四句：Sometime→Sometimes
第五句：at→in
第六句：feed→fed
第八句：Milk→Milking
第九句：Though→But; happy→happily
第十句：houses→house
第十一句：surprising→surprised
第十二句：was后加a
PAGE
15
Section Ⅲ Grammar — 倒装和强调句
?语法图解
?探究发现
①Here are some new magazines.
②In the middle of the room was a table.
③Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.
④Not until at least thirty seconds had passed, was the man able to speak.
⑤No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.
⑥Never have I heard anything like it.
⑦Only after the war did he learn the sad news.
⑧It was Oliver Twist who was chosen.
[我的发现]
(1)以上句中，①②句中谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装。③⑦句中谓语的一部分放在主语之前，为部分倒装。
(2)由③⑥句可知，具有否定意义的副词(词组)位于句首，句子要部分倒装。
(3)由⑦句可知，当only位于句首，且修饰状语或状语从句时，主句要部分倒装。
(4)⑧句为强调句型，其构成为It is/was＋被强调部分＋who/that＋句子其他成分。
一、倒装
(一)倒装句的概念
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。若把谓语动词放在主语之前，则构成倒装句。
1．如果谓语全部放在主语之前，叫全部倒装。
Out rushed a girl and a cat.
一个小女孩和一只猫冲了出来。
They arrived at a house, in front of which stood a big tree.
他们来到一所房子前，房子前面有一棵大树。
2．如果只把助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前，则构成部分倒装。
At no time should you leave your post.
任何时候你都不应该离开你的岗位。
If you don't go, neither will I.
如果你不去，我也不去。
3．形式上的倒装语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。
Tired as they were, they went on working.
虽然他们很累，但仍继续工作。
[即时演练1] 完成句子
①In the center of the park stands a statue.
在公园的中心矗立着一座雕像。
②If Joe's wife does not go to the party, neither does he.
如果乔的妻子不去参加晚会，他也不会去。
③Try hard as they were, they couldn't make her change her mind.
尽管他们做了很大努力，却没能让她改变主意。
(二)全部倒装
全部倒装的条件：
1．当表示方位或时间的副词，如here, there, then, up, down, in, away, off, out等置于句首，且主语是名词时。
In came the teacher.
老师进来了。
Here is your coat.
你的外套在这儿。
2．当表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首且主语是名词时。
In front of the house is a tall tree.
这座房子前有一棵高大的树。
3．形容词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、现在分词(短语)或介词短语作表语位于句首时，且主语部分较长时，其结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。
Present at the meeting are Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授和许多其他客人。
Hanging on the wall is a picture drawn by a 6?year?old boy.
墙上挂的是一个6岁男孩画的一幅画。
[名师点津] 当表示方位或时间的副词位于句首，主语是代词时，主语和谓语的位置不能颠倒。
Out she rushed.
她冲了出去。
[即时演练2] 使用倒装形式完成下列句子
①Now comes your turn (轮到你了)．
②Out rushed the boys (男孩们冲出去了) when the bell rang.
③In the front of the stage stood a singer (站着一位歌唱家)．
④South of the city lies a factory (坐落着一家工厂)．
⑤Seated in the first line (坐在第一排) are some advanced workers.
⑥Lying on the floor was a boy (是一个男孩儿) aged about ten.
⑦There goes the bell (铃响了)．
⑧The door opened and in came our headmaster (校长进来了)．
(三)部分倒装
1．否定副词not, never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, rarely, little及表示否定意义的介词短语in no case, by no means, at no time, on no condition等置于句首时。
At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
他们绝对没有违反比赛规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。
Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist?related activities in the rural areas.(2016·江苏高考)
直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区旅游相关活动的发展。
2．only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时，主句部分倒装。
Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left contract at home.(2015·天津高考)
当莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。
Only in this way can you learn from your mistakes.
只有用这种方式你才能从错误中吸取教训。
3．以so, neither, nor开头的句子用部分倒装，表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者。
He studies English well; so does his sister.
他英语学得很好，他妹妹也是如此。
Mary can't ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy.
玛丽不会骑自行车，露西也不会。
4．在so ...that ...与such ...that ...句型中，so与such部分位于句首时，要用部分倒装。
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.
他的要价太离谱，令每个人都瞠目结舌。
5．hardly ...when ...，no sooner ... than ..., not only ...but also ...等连接两个句子，hardly, no sooner, not only置于句首时，紧接否定词之后的句子要用倒装语序。
Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
护士们不仅要求提高工资，还要求缩短工作时间。
Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him.
他刚开口说话就被父亲制止了。
6．not until放于句首时，主句部分倒装。
Not until he returned did he have supper.
直到他回来才吃饭。
7．在含有were, should或had的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if，把were, should或had提前，构成倒装。
Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
他要是听了我的建议，就成功了。
[巧学助记] 部分倒装口诀
副词开头要倒装，人称代词非如常；
only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；
否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；
表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装；
such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装；
not only开头句，前一分句须倒装；
had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。
[即时演练3]
(1)句型转换
①Although you might try, you can't make up for the lost time.
→Try as/though you might, you can't make up for the lost time.
②They worked so hard that they finished their work ahead of time.
→So hard did they work that they finished their work ahead of time.
③I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework last night.
→Not until I finished my homework last night did I go to bed.
④I had hardly arrived when I had a new problem to deal with.
→Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to deal with.
⑤Shakespeare was not only a famous playwright, but he was also an excellent actor.
→Not only was Shakespeare a famous playwright, but he was also an excellent actor.
⑥If I had known that earlier, I wouldn't have been to the dining hall.
→Had I known that earlier, I wouldn't have been to the dining hall.
⑦I had no sooner reached home than it poured down.
→No sooner had I reached home than it poured down.
⑧He realized what had happened only when he returned home.
→Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.
(2)单句改错
①I'm not interested in physics.So is he.So→Neither/Nor
②Did you come yesterday, you would have seen him. Did→Had
③So would be our home in the future.So→Such
二、强调句
1．强调句型的结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
强调句型用来强调主语、宾语、状语等除谓语以外的句子成分。如果句子用的是过去的某种时态，强调结构中就用was；如果句子用的是现在的某种时态，强调结构中就用is。当被强调部分是指人时，可以用who代替that。
It is a novelist that/who he has become.
他已经成了一位小说家。
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津高考)
正是当我回到公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。
2．强调句型一般疑问句的结构为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
Was it your mother who made the decision?
这个决定是你妈妈做的吗？
3．强调句型特殊疑问句的结构为：特殊疑问词(What/Who/When/Why/Where/How)＋is/was it＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
Why was it that he didn't get to school on time?
为什么他没有按时到校？(强调句为特殊疑问句形式，被强调部分是句子的原因状语)
4．not ...until ...句型的强调句型为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015·重庆高考)
巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。
5．强调句的判断方式：把It is/was ...that/who ...去掉，如果剩下的成分能组成完整的句子，就是强调句型。
[即时演练4] 用强调句型改写下列句子
①Mr Li teaches us English.(强调主语)
→It is Mr Li who/that teaches us English.
②I phoned Mr Black just now.(强调宾语)
→It was Mr Black that/who I phoned just now.
③We had a conversation in my office.(强调状语)
→It was in my office that we had a conversation.
④Did he die during the Anti?Japanese War？(强调时间状语)
→Was it during the Anti?Japanese War that he died?
⑤Why is smoking not allowed here？(强调why)
→Why is it that smoking is not allowed here?
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.
2．Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
3．Hardly had he arrived at the railway station when it began to rain.
4．Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5．Never before have I been asked to sing an English song.
6．So great was the success of the book that it was made into a film.
7．South of the river lies (lie) a small factory.
8．No sooner had we reached the station than the train was off.
9．There comes (come) the bus. Let's hurry up.
10．—What is it that makes you so happy?
—The fact that our volleyball team has got into the final.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.
我当时不知道我会发现我对美式手语的热爱。
2．(2015·北京高考书面表达)Not only does it offer teenagers like us a chance to enjoy a very exciting sport, but it also provides us with a good time to know more about the traditional Chinese culture.
它不仅为向我们这样的青少年提供了一个享受非常令人兴奋的运动机会，而且它也为我们提供了一个很好的时间来了解更多的中国传统文化。
3．It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
我们是以真诚和忠诚创造了一个和谐的氛围。
4．Away flew the bird into the forest.
鸟儿一下子飞进了森林。
5．When was it that he broke the national record?
他打破全国纪录那是在什么时候？
6．Child as he is, he knows much knowledge of science.
尽管还是个孩子，他懂得很多科学知识。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Elena, who showed no interest on her studies, was not a good student. Each time she tries to think hard about her lesson, her mind wandered. One day it was an important test. Present on the paper was many questions she couldn't deal with them. Elena did not want to fail the test, so she had no choice but cheat. Next to Elena sat Ivan, a serious boy. She began to copy all of Ivan's answers. When Ivan noticed Elena cheating, he quickly changed all her answers into incorrect one, and nor did Elena. Then hiding his paper, Ivan quick corrected his answers. Then the bell indicated the exam was over rang.
答案：第一句：on→in
第二句：tries→tried
第三句：it→there
第四句：was→were; 去掉them
第五句：but后加to
第八句：her→his; nor→so
第九句：quick→quickly
第十句：bell后加which/that
PAGE
7
Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
[原文呈现][读文清障]
Dickens' London
Dickens' cast① of characters lived in London, the largest and richest city in the world. But its wealth was distributed② unfairly③ among the population. Every chapter④ of his novels describes the sights, sounds, and smells of the city, and provides a social commentary of London life.
In the middle of the 19th century, London was a filthy⑤ city for rich and poor people alike⑥. Although on clear days the air was filled with⑦ sparrows⑧ and seagulls⑨ flying high above⑩， more often the smoking chimney pipes? created smog? which was so strong that it choked? the inhabitants?. The River Thames was polluted, causing disease and death everywhere?， and if you fell in, it was dangerous to swallow? the water.
①cast/kɑ?st/n.演员阵容，全体演员
②distribute/dI'strIbju?t/v.分发，分配，分送
distribute ...among/between在……之间分配，给某人发某物
③unfairly adv.不公平地 ④chapter/'t??pt?/n.章节
⑤filthy/'fIlθi/adj.十分肮脏的，污秽的 ⑥alike adv.同样地
⑦be filled with (＝ be full of)充满
⑧sparrow/'sp?r??/n.麻雀 ⑨seagull/'si??ɡ?l/n.海鸥
⑩flying high above作后置定语，修饰“麻雀”和“海鸥”。
?pipe/paIp/n.(通常埋在地下的)管，管子，管道
chimney pipes烟囱
?smog/sm?ɡ/n.烟雾
?choke/t???k/v.(使)窒息，(使)噎住，(使)呼吸困难
?which was so strong that it ...是定语从句，修饰smog。该从句中含有so ...that ...“如此……以致……”句式，that引导结果状语从句。
?causing disease and death everywhere作结果状语，表示自然的结果。
?swallow/'sw?l??/v.吞下，咽下(食物或饮料)
狄更斯时代的伦敦
[第1～2段译文]
狄更斯笔下的人物住在伦敦，这是世界上最大最富有的城市，但它的财富分配不公。他的小说的每个章节都描述了这个城市的景象、声音和气息，并对伦敦的生活做出了社会评价。
在19世纪中叶，伦敦对富人和穷人来说都是个同样脏乱的城市。尽管在晴朗的天气里会有麻雀和海鸥在高高在天空翱翔，但更多的是烟囱里冒出的浓烟使居民们感到窒息。泰晤士河受到污染，引发各地的疾病和死亡，如果你掉进河里，吞了河水的话是很危险的。
The East End was London's poorest district, where children wore rags? for clothes and the women searched in dustbins? for? food?. Few people could ever hope to attain an acceptable standard of living. Many people suffered from the effects of poor nutrition and even starvation because of a lack of food, yet their welfare was of no concern to the taxpayers of London. Ships from all points of the compass would drop anchor here at the main port of London. South of the river lies Southwark, another poor district. The George Inn was a busy coaching stop with food and accommodation for travellers leaving London, and for carriers taking goods into the city .
But some Londoners had accumulated enormous wealth through trade. In the old City of London are housed the many banks and corporations which Dickens mentions. Further west and opposite Southwark stands Somerset House， where Dickens' father worked for the navy. Close by are the Law Courts, where lawyers and their clerks, carrying piles of paperwork， would hurry to the trials. There were many squares and gardens with water pumps and fountains， as well as smart restaurants and pubs.
?rag/r?ɡ/n.(一小块)旧布；抹布
?dustbin/'d?stbIn/n.垃圾箱，垃圾桶 ?search for寻找
?where children ...for food是非限制性定语从句，修饰district。
attain/?'teIn/v.获得，达到 acceptable adj.可接受的
standard of living生活标准 suffer from遭受
nutrition/nju?'trI?n/n营养(作用)；滋养
starvation/stɑ?'veI?n/n.挨饿，饿死 a lack of缺乏
welfare/'welfe?/n.幸福，福祉；健康
“be of＋某些抽象名词”表示“具有……特征，特点”。
be of importance ＝ be important重要的
be of significance ＝ be significant重要的
concern/k?n's??n/n.关心，担心
taxpayer/'t?ks?peI?/n.纳税人
compass/'k?mp?s/n.指南针，罗盘
all points of the compass指“世界各地”。
anchor/'??k?/n.锚
another poor district作Southwark的同位语。
inn/In/n.小旅馆 carrier/'k?ri?/n.运输工具
leaving London和taking goods into the city均是现在分词短语作后置定语。
accumulate/?'kju?mj??leIt/v.积累 house v．收藏，安置
corporation/?k??p?'reI?n/n.公司，企业
which Dickens mentions是限制性定语从句。
opposite prep.在……对面，句中用了完全倒装。
where Dickens' father worked for the navy是非限制性定语从句，修饰Somerset House。
navy/'neIvi/n.海军 pile/paIl/n.堆，叠，摞
paperwork/'peIp??w??k/n.资料，文件
where lawyers and their clerks ...是非限制性定语从句。
trial/'traI?l/n.审判，审理 pump/p?mp/n.泵；抽水机
fountain/'fa?ntIn/n.喷泉；喷水池
as well as以及，相当于and, in addition to。
pub/p?b/n.酒馆，酒吧
[第3～4段译文]
东区是伦敦最贫困的地区，那里的孩子们衣衫褴褛，妇女们在垃圾桶里寻找食物。很少有人会期望达到可以接受的生活标准。由于缺少食物，许多人都受到营养不良的影响甚至饿死，然而伦敦的纳税人却对他们的健康漠不关心。来自世界各地的船只都会在伦敦的主要港口停泊。南华克位于泰晤士河南，是另一个贫民区。乔治旅馆是一个繁忙的客车停靠点，为离开伦敦的游客和运货物到城里的人提供膳宿。
但是有些伦敦人却通过贸易积累了大量的财富。在伦敦的老城里聚集着许多狄更斯提到的银行和公司。再往西，南华克的对面是萨默塞特宫，狄更斯的父亲曾在那里为海军工作。旁边是法院，在那里律师和职员们抱着成堆的文件匆匆赶去审理案件。那里有许多广场和花园，有浇水的管子和喷泉，还有精致的餐馆和酒吧。
Servants would buy fruit and vegetables at Covent Garden market for their rich families, and maids would buy bunches of flowers to decorate their mistresses' rooms.
The West End is the theatre district where Dickens felt at homebecause, surprisingly， he thought he would accomplish more with his drama than with his novels. It is also the London of government, where politicians, ministers, ambassadors as well as more humble pedestrians walked home at night through streets lit with gas lanterns.
London is very different today, and few people mourn the passing of the old city. But you can still see many of the sights which Dickens saw and wrote about in his novels.
maid/meId/n.女仆
bunch/b?nt?/n.一束，一串
a bunch of一束/串…… bunches of成束的，成串的
mistress/'mIstr?s/n.女主人
where引导定语从句，修饰the theatre district。
feel at home感觉自在
surprisingly adv.令人吃惊地，作状语。
accomplish/?'k?mplI?/v.完成(任务等)，取得(成功)
ambassador/?m'b?s?d?/n.大使
humble/'h?mbl/adj.(身份、地位等)低下的，卑微的
pedestrian/p?'destri?n/n.行人
where politicians ...walked home ...是定语从句，修饰the London of government。
lit with gas lanterns为过去分词短语作后置定语。
lantern/'l?nt?n/n.灯笼，提灯
mourn/m??n/v.悼念，哀悼，为……哀痛
passing n．流逝，过去
which引导的定语从句修饰the sights。
[第5～7段译文]
仆人们会在柯芬园市场为他们富有的主人买水果和蔬菜，女仆人们会买来一束束的花来装饰女主人的房间。
西区是剧院区，在那里狄更斯感到自己像在家里一样自在，因为令人吃惊的是，他认为他完成的剧本会多于小说。这里也是伦敦政府的所在地，到了晚上，政治家、部长、大使还有更多的身份地位低下的行人从点着煤油灯的街上走回家去。
现在的伦敦已经大不相同的，很少有人会为这座古城的流逝而悲伤。但是你仍然能看到许多狄更斯看到的以及他在小说中描绘的情景。
Step 1 Write down T (for true) or F (for false) according to the text. (Passage on P39)
1．London is still the largest and richest city in the world now.
2．In the middle of the 19th century, the River Thames was polluted, causing disease and death everywhere.
3．Then the West End was London's poorest district.
4．Dickens' father worked as a lawyer.
答案：1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F
Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the passage. (Passage on P41)
1．Why was his father put in prison?
A．Because of murder. B．Because of debts.
C．Because of stealing. D．For some other reasons.
2．Where was Charles Dickens born?
A．New York. B．Mississippi.
C．London. D．Paris.
3．Which of the following sentences is WRONG according to the text?
A．Dickens started writing novels in his early thirties.
B．Dickens often wrote about the problems of poor people.
C．David Copperfield is one of his famous novels.
D．Dickens' books were only popular in England.
4．We can infer from the text that Charles Dickens .
A．wrote about the problems of poor people
B．helped improve the lives of the poor people
C．used his experiences in his writing
D．was very satisfied with his novel Oliver Twist, especially the final part
答案：1～4 BCDD
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.scream v． 尖叫；高声喊叫 2.drag v. 拖；拉；硬拽 3.naughty adj. 淘气的；调皮的 4.escape v. 逃跑 5.repay v. 报答；回报 6.dustbin n. 垃圾箱，垃圾桶 7.attain v. 获得，达到 8.nutrition n. 营养(作用)；滋养 9.welfare n. 幸福，福祉；健康 10.pedestrian n. 行人 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.prison n．监狱→prisoner n．犯人；俘虏 2.intend v．打算→intention n．打算；目的，意图 3.illegally adv.违法地；非法地→illegal adj.违法的，非法的→legal adj.法律的；法定的，依法的 4.starvation n．挨饿，饿死→starve v．挨饿 5.concern n．关心，担心→concerned adj.担忧的，关心的 6.accumulate v．积累→accumulation n．积累，聚集 7.accomplish v．完成(任务等)，取得(成功)→accomplishment n．成就，成绩 8.rough adj.多暴力的；犯罪率高的→roughly adv.粗暴地 9.distribute v．分发，分配，分送→distribution n．分配，分布 1.scream v．尖叫；高声喊叫[联想] yell v．大喊 2.drag v．(dragged, dragged) 拖；拉；硬拽 [同义] ①draw v．拖，拉 ②pull v．拖，拉 [比较] draw和pull都指拉向动作者，而drag则指拖向另一地 3.escape v．逃跑 [联想] flee vi.逃离 4.attain v．获得，达到 [比较] ①attain常指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料的结果；也可指达到某一目标 ②obtain指得到、获得某物 ③achieve多指成就、目标、幸福的取得 5.pedestrian n．行人 [联想] passerby n．过路人 6.intend v．打算 [串记] With the intention of becoming famous and rich, many ordinary people intend to take part in some TV shows, such as Supper Brain. 7.concern n．关心，担心 [串记] All the parents are concerned about their children, but some teenagers ignore their parents' concern and make them disappointed.
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.a huge amount of 大量的 2.as a result 结果是 3.in one's early (late) twenties/thirties 在某人20/30岁出头(好几)时 4.suffer from 遭受……之苦；患有(某种疾病) 5.put sb.in prison 把某人关进监狱 6.bring sth. to the attention of sb. 使某人关注某事 1.on clear days 在晴朗的日子里2.fruit and vegetables 水果和蔬菜 3.feel at home 感觉自在 4.two days after his 13th birthday 他13岁生日后两天 5.for this reason 因为这个原因 6.over the next 25 years 在接下来的25年期间 7.have a heart attack 心脏病发 8.bunches of flowers 几束花
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.The River Thames was polluted, causing disease and death everywhere ... 泰晤士河受到污染，引发各地的疾病和死亡…… 现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果。 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
2.... yet their welfare was of no concern to the taxpayers of London. ……然而伦敦的纳税人却对他们的健康漠不关心。 “be of ＋ 抽象名词”结构，常在句中作表语。 Reading without understanding is of no use. 读书不求甚解，没有什么用处。
3.There were many squares and gardens with water pumps and fountains, as well as smart restaurants and pubs. 那里有许多广场和花园，有浇水的管子和喷泉，还有精致的餐馆和酒吧。 as well as“不但……(而且……)，既……(又……)，和，也”，用于连接并列成分。 I'm learning French as well as English. 我学英语之外还学法语。
1．(教材P37)Magwitch has escaped from prison but is soon caught again ...
马格韦契从监狱跑了，但很快又被抓住了……
?escape v．逃跑；逃避，避免(不愉快或危险的事物)；被遗忘，忽略n.逃走；逃脱
(1)escape from ... 从……逃跑，摆脱……
escape (doing) sth. 逃脱/避开(做)某事
(2)make one's escape 逃跑
a narrow escape 死里逃生
①She had a narrow escape from the serious disease.
她在那次疾病中死里逃生。
②He tried to rise, to flee, to make his escape; but he could not move his feet.
他试图站起来，迅速离开，逃走，但是一步也动不了。
③Fortunately, he escaped from the burning house without being injured.
幸运地是他从着火的房子里逃了出来，没有受伤。
④If you commit a crime you can never escape being punished (punish).
你要是犯罪，就逃脱不了要受惩罚。
2．(教材P37)Some years later, Pip learns that an unknown person intends to give him money every month.
几年后，皮普得知有一位不知名的人士打算每个月给他一些钱。
?intend v. 打算；想要，计划，主张
intend to do sth. 打算/想要某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
be intended for 准备给……用的，专为……而设计的
本打算做某事(却没有做到)
①I had intended to go there with them, but I was ill.
我原打算和他们一道去，可是我病了。
②Let's ask her what she intends us to do (do)．
咱们去问问她，她打算让我们干什么。
③This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry.
这笔钱准备用于旅游业的开发。
3．(教材P39)But its wealth was distributed unfairly among the population.
但它的财富分配不公。
?distribute vt.分发，分配，分送
distribute ... to/among ... 把……分配给……
distribution n．[U，C] 分配，分发；分布
①Textbooks are distributed free of charge.
教科书是免费发放的
②This document will be distributed among/to the people at the meeting.
这个文件将分发给与会人员。
③They passed a law forbidding the distribution (distribute) of leaflets.
他们通过了一条禁止散发传单的法令。
4．(教材P39)Many people suffered from the effects of poor nutrition and even starvation because of a lack of food, yet their welfare was of no concern to the taxpayers of London.
由于缺少食物，许多人都受到营养不良的影响甚至饿死，然而伦敦的纳税人却对他们的健康漠不关心。
?concern n．[U] 关心，担心v.使担忧；与……有关
(1)show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心、担心
concern oneself with/in/about sth. 忙于某事；关心某事
(2)concerned adj. 担心的；忧虑的；关注的
so/as far as ...be concerned 就……来说/而论
be concerned with 与……有关；涉及……
be concerned about/for 关心；挂念
(3)concerning prep. 关于
①The whole society should show concern for handicapped children.
整个社会都要关心残疾儿童。
②Everybody is concerned about the future of his country.
每个人都关心自己国家的前途。
③As far as I'm concerned, I totally disagree with your opinion.
就我而言，我完全不同意你的看法。
④I enjoyed the great benefit of his instructions concerning (concern) the matter.
在这个问题上他的指教使我受益匪浅。
5．(教材P41)Dickens always had a huge amount of energy.
狄更斯总是精力充沛。
?a huge/large amount of 大量的(修饰不可数名词)
①This film costs a huge amount of money, with many big stars participating in it.
这部影片耗资巨大，有很多巨星加盟。
②Large amounts of money were (be) spent on the magnificent building.
这幢气派的大楼花了大量的钱。
③While water evaporates, a large amount of heat is (be) absorbed.
水蒸发时，大量的热被吸收了。
[名师点津] “a large amount of＋不可数名词”后跟谓语动词单数；“large amounts of＋不可数名词”后跟谓语动词复数，也就是说，由amount的数来决定谓语动词的单复数。类似用法的还有：a quantity of, quantities of。
6．(教材P41)However, it brought child poverty to the attention of the public, and for this reason alone it is a very important novel.
但尽管如此，这部小说使贫困儿童问题得到关注，就这一点而言，它已是很重要的一部小说。
?bring sth. to the attention of sb.(＝bring sth. to sb.'s attention) 使某人关注某事
call/draw sb.'s attention to sth. 使某人注意某事
fix/concentrate one's attention on 把某人的注意力集中到
pay attention to 注意
turn one's attention to 把某人的注意力转移到……上
①There is one point that I must bring to everybody's attention.
有一个问题我要提醒大家注意。
②At present, we should concentrate all our attention on learning English.
现今，我们应集中精力学习英语。
③They began to turn their attention to the current situation and concern themselves with the future of the nation.
他们开始注意当前的形势，关心国家的前途。
1．Many people suffered from the effects of poor nutrition and even starvation because of a lack of food, yet their welfare was of no concern to the taxpayers of London.
由于缺少食物，许多人都受到营养不良的影响甚至饿死，然而伦敦的纳税人却对他们的健康漠不关心。
(1)句中be of no concern属于“be of＋抽象名词”的结构，在句中作表语。
①The question is of great importance that it cannot be neglected.
这个问题是很重要的，它不能被忽视。
(2)“be of＋抽象名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有use, value, importance, help, benefit, interest, concern 等。它们可用no, some, any, little, much, great 等词修饰。
②The medicine is of no use to this disease.
＝The medicine is useless to this disease.
＝The medicine is not useful to this disease.
这种药对这种疾病无用。
(3)“be of＋抽象名词”没有相应的形容词形式，主要用来表明主语的这类特征。这类名词有size, weight, height, length, age, type, quality等。
③The products are of high quality.
这些产品质量很好。
④The two poodles are of the same size and of the same color.
这两只狮犬大小一样，颜色相同。
2．There were many squares and gardens with water pumps and fountains, as well as smart restaurants and pubs.
那里有许多广场和花园，有浇水的管子和喷泉，还有精致的餐馆和酒吧。
(1)本句中as well as意为“不但……(而且……)，既……(又……)，和，也”，用于连接并列成分，如名词、代词、形容词、动词、介词短语等。as well as连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与as well as前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
①It is unpleasant in summer as well as in winter.
夏天不好过，冬天也不好过。
②Lucy as well as I is (be) going shopping this Sunday.
露茜和我这个星期天要去买东西。
(2)as well as“除……之外(还)”，常位于句首，相当于besides, in addition to。
③The Chinese nation includes more than 50 national minorities as well as the Hans.
中华民族除了汉族外，还包括五十多个少数民族。
(3)as well as也可以是well的同级比较结构，表示“和……一样好”。
④John plays piano as well as Jack.
约翰弹钢琴和杰克一样好。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He listens to music to escape from the pressure of work.
2．I had intended to make (make) a cake, but I ran out of time.
3．The teacher distributed the new books to the pupils.
4．We are concerned about your safety.
5．It is desired that this rule shall be brought to the attention of the students.
6．Large amounts of money were spent (spend) on our new school.
7．It was in the park that I told him about that.
8．Tom as well as his parents often goes (go) to the park.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．This book will be of great value to him in his study.
这本书将对他的研究有很大价值。
2．It is hard for anyone to escape from the ravages of time.
任何人都很难逃避时间的摧残。
3．The information was obtained as a result of various experiments.
经过种种实验，这一资料被获取。
4．She spends a large amount of money on that coat.
她花了大笔的钱买那件衣服。
5．It's desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the students.
希望这个规则引起学生们的注意。
6．I came here originally to make money.
原先我是到这儿来发财的。
7．He let go of the coat and it fell into the water.
他的手一松，手里的外衣就掉到水里了。
8．People have made a long search for the cause(s) of malaria.
人们为了找出疟疾的起因进行了长时期的探索。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If I hear one more joke about my hair, I shall scream (尖叫)．
2．I intend (打算) to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.
3．Millions are threatened by starvation (饥饿) and disease each year.
4．We are sure to accomplish (完成) the task as long as we unite and make a common effort.
5．He came from a fairly humble (低下的), poor background.
6．The whole nation mourned (哀悼) the death of their great leader.
7．He has urged reform of the welfare (福利) system.
8．It was quite a rough (犯罪率高的) part of our town.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The chair intended for you, but she took it away.chair后加was
2．She is a talented musician as well as be a photographer.be→being
3．Large amounts of water is needed for the crops as a result of the dry climate.is→are
4．In the earthquake, some children escaped killed.escape后加being
5．What the students do in their spare time is great importance.is后加of
Ⅲ.选词填空
a huge amount of， escape from， drag ...into， search ...for ...， bring ...to the attention of， put ...in prison， suffer from， become fond of
1．The teacher brought eye protection to the attention of his students.
2．A huge amount of food has been sent to the local people after the earthquake happened.
3．Water is escaping from the broken pipe.You should go and have it repaired.
4．We searched the whole forest for the girl.
5．With the cars increasing fast, even a small city like this is suffering from traffic jams.
6．The machine must be dragged into the city with ropes, because we have not suitable equipment.
7．More and more people become fond of his songs.
8．He was put in prison for stealing something in the supermarket.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Tourists can escape from the noisy city and enjoy a relaxing time in Lijiang.
2．At the back of the classroom sat (sit) some parents, who came here for some reasons.
3．If you won't go to travel, neither will I.
4．Only in this way can you work out the problem.
5．When and where was it that you were born?
6．She had the picture framed and hung (hang) up in her room.
7．She speaks in a whisper so as not to wake him up.
8．He intended to get (get) someone to repair his computer.
9．The lawyer unearthed some new evidence concerning (concern) the case.
10．It was in the bookshop where you had the book that I bought it.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．You should fix your attention on your study (把你的注意力集中到你的学习上) and pay more attention to your study habit.
2．We paid attention to her because she spoke in a loud voice (她说话声音很大).
3．He is fed up with his job (厌倦了自己的工作). He wants to do something different.
4．He received a title as a reward for (作为……的奖励) his services to the nation.
5．In our country, more and more people show concern for (对……表示关心) financial planning.
6．No sooner had we left the village (我们刚离开村子) than it began to rain.
7．This perfect work makes the audience lost in astonishment (吃惊地)．
8．The letters page serves as (当作) a useful forum (论坛) for the exchange of readers' views.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
What do literary greats Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Burns have in common? They both lived and wrote in Edinburgh, along with many other big names in the field of literature. This fact helped UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) award the city the title of World's First City of Literature on October 14.
Edinburgh left a lasting impression on Arthur Conan Doyle (1859－1930)．Although he was born there he went to school in England but returned home for medical school. After graduating he moved to London and began writing his Sherlock Holmes stories. His inspiration for the character came from one of his professors at university. Holmes' methods were so clever that they actually furthered the advance of the study of criminology (犯罪学)．
Robert Burns (1759－1796) is still regarded as Scotland's national poet, more than 200 years after his death. He is celebrated all over the world through translations of his work and the annual Burns Night supper on his birthday. One of his songs, My Love is Like a Red Red Rose ranks among the finest love songs ever written and Auld Lang Syne(《友谊地久天长》) is sung all around the world.
As one of the first literate societies in Europe, the Scottish Parliament passed the world's first compulsory (义务) education law in 1496. By the 1790s, almost all Scots could read. Visitors to Scotland often observed that even the lowest members of society had copies of Burns' poems and other books.
语篇解读：本文简单介绍了苏格兰的文坛巨匠亚瑟·科南·道尔和罗伯特·伯恩斯以及苏格兰产生众多文学巨匠的历史渊源。
1．Edinburgh was awarded the title of World's First City of Literature because .
A．the first award ceremony of literature was held there
B．many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Burns were born there
C．it left a deep impression on many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
D．many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Burns often wrote about it
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段所表述的：文坛巨匠亚瑟·科南·道尔和罗伯特·伯恩斯和文学界的其他一些名人一样，他们两人都出生在爱丁堡，笔耕于爱丁堡。在这座城市里诞生了许许多多的作家，正因为这浓郁的书香，联合国教科文组织于10月14日把“世界首座文学之城”的荣誉授予了爱丁堡。
2．Arthur Conan Doyle was remembered mainly for his .
A．detective stories
B．love poems and songs
C．contribution to the study of criminology
D．clever writing skills
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的内容：亚瑟·科南·道尔创作了福尔摩斯故事系列，其探案方法被描绘得非常奇妙，这让犯罪学研究也获益匪浅，得到了进一步的发展。由此推理他是以“侦探小说”而出名。
3．In honour of Robert Burns, .
A．My Love is like a Red Red Rose and Auld Lang Syne are sung all around the world
B．his works are translated into many languages every year
C．a celebration is held more than 200 years after his death
D．a celebration is held every year on his birthday
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He is celebrated all over the world through translations of his work and the annual Burns Night supper on his birthday.”一句可知：每年，人们在他的诞辰日举行“伯恩斯之夜”晚宴，以示纪念。
4．In the last paragraph, the writer mainly discussed .
A．the impression of visitors to Scotland
B．how Burns' poems are popular in Scotland
C．the possible history reasons for many literary greats in Scotland
D．how the world's first compulsory education law was made
解析：选C 段落大意题。根据最后一段所表述的意义：苏格兰之所以产生这么多的文学巨匠有其历史渊源。短文中列举了三个细节，苏格兰议会于1496年通过了世界上第一个义务教育法案。到18世纪90年代的时候，几乎所有的苏格兰人都能识字了。许多去苏格兰游览的人发现，就连苏格兰的市井小民也在读着伯恩斯的诗以及其他一些书。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Pets Corner is a company with dozens of pet stores and more than 600 employees around the UK.It is planning 1 (provide) the first?ever pet and human first aid training course for its staff.
To develop the 2 (special) designed course, training teams 3 (organize) by now. The course will begin next month. The full?day course will cover two parts with the first part 4 (deal) with humans and the second with dog and cat first aid.Topics covered will include different 5 (situation) in our daily life which require first aid skills such as minor injuries, shock and unconsciousness.
Lucy Ross, Head of Training at Pets Corner, said, “At Pets Corner, we have always tried to apply 6 honest and moral (道德的) approach to everything that we do.This includes having the best trained staff in the industry.Every human customer as well as their pet animals 7 (be) welcome in our stores.It's our duty to provide all of our staff 8 the tools and knowledge they need to feel 9 (confidence) in helping both pets and customers.Therefore, 10 makes sense that our staff's first aid knowledge is beyond all your expectations.”
语篇解读：一家宠物公司将对其所有员工进行人类和动物的急救课程培训以更好地为客户服务。
1．to provide plan to do sth.“计划做某事”。Pets Corner将首次向在全国的门店员工团队提供宠物和人类的急救培训课程。
2．specially 此处应用副词修饰designed, the specially designed course表示“特别设计的课程”。
3．have been organized 根据时间状语by now可知此处应该用现在完成时，training teams与organize之间为被动关系，故要用现在完成时的被动语态。该句表示“到目前为止，培训团队已被组织好”。
4．dealing 在with复合结构中，deal with与逻辑主语the first part为主动关系，故用dealing。句意为“课程将包括两个部分，第一部分是关于人类的急救，第二部分是狗和猫的急救”。
5．situations 该句句意为“涵盖的主题将包括不同的情境下，日常需要的急救技能，如处理轻伤、休克和昏迷”。
6．an 形容词honest和moral修饰可数名词approach，在honest之前应使用冠词an。
7．is as well as引导的短语在句中作状语而非并列的主语，句子的主语只是every human customer，所以谓语动词用单数。
8．with provide sb. with sth.为固定短语，意为“为某人提供某物”。
9．confident feel为系动词，后面需接形容词作表语，表示“感到……”，故填confident。
10．it it作形式主语代替后面作真正主语的that引导的主语从句。该句句意为“因此，我们工作人员的急救知识高于您的期望是合情合理的”。
PAGE
17
Section Ⅴ Writing — 刻画人物形象
刻画人物形象的文章，属于记叙文范畴，可以描写人的生平、简介、性格及某些方面的特点。在写这类文章时，通常以事件为载体，通过一件或几件事的描述来突出中心以及所描写人物的某种品质。
一、基本结构
这类文章的常见结构为：“总—分—总”结构，即总体介绍人物，之后再去叙述事件，最后对所描写的人物进行总结和概括。
二、增分佳句
1．Sb.is considered to be one of the greatest ...
2．Well?known as ... , he ...
3．Born in a poor family, he had to ...
4．When he was a small boy, he showed a great interest in ...
5．Thanks to the help of ... , he was able to continue his education.
6．Between ... and ... , he studied at ...
7．From ... to ... , he first worked as ... , and then he became ...
8．His achievements are worthy of praise.
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你要向《中学生》杂志社推荐你的好朋友李莉来担任学生记者，以下是她的基本情况，请参照以下情况写一篇英语文章来描写李莉：
1．性格特点：阳光，向上；爱好广泛，擅长文学，同时对历史有着浓厚的兴趣；爱好交友，在校学生会担任学生干部。
2．年龄：16岁。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为一篇记叙文；
2．确定人称：本文主要人称为第一、三人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一步：点明写信的目的。
第二步：对李莉的情况进行介绍。
第三步：期望得到答复。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．recommend 推荐
2．diligent 勤奋的
3．admiration 钦佩
4．be regarded as 被认为是
5．in the meanwhile 与此同时
6．make friends 交朋友
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．我给你写这封信推荐我的好朋友李莉来担任你们杂志的学生记者。
I write this letter to you. I want to recommend my best friend Li Li to be a student reporter of your magazine.
2．作为一个16岁的阳光女孩，李莉在学校很勤奋刻苦。
As a 16?year?old sunshine girl, Li Li is very diligent and hard?working in school.
3．她有许多爱好，这使我们同学们都很钦佩她。
She has many hobbies and it has earned great admiration from us students.
4．文学是她的最爱，她的作文总是被认为是典范。
Literature is her favorite, and her compositions are always regarded as model ones.
5．作为我校学生会的一员，她真的很喜欢交朋友。
As a member of Students' Union in our school, she really loves making friends.
6．就我而言，她可以结交更多的朋友，并通过加入文学俱乐部来提高自己。
On my part, she can make more friends and improve herself by joining the literature club.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用不定式作目的状语改写句1
I write this letter to you to recommend my best friend Li Li to be a student reporter of your magazine.
2．用which 引导的非限制性定语从句改写句3
She has many hobbies, which has earned great admiration from us students.
3．用现在分词(短语)作状语改写句5
Being a member of Students' Union in our school, she really loves making friends.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Dear Editor，
I write this letter to you to recommend my best friend Li Li to be a student reporter of your magazine.As a 16?year?old sunshine girl, Li Li is very diligent and hard?working in school, and besides, she has many hobbies, which has earned great admiration from us classmates.Literature is her favorite, and her compositions are always regarded as model ones.In the meanwhile, she is very interested in history.Being a member of Students' Union in our school, she really loves making friends.On my part, she can make more friends and improve herself by joining the literature club.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
1
单元加餐练（一） 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Human beings are often asking the question about their future. Many experts have predicted what will happen in the century 1 . George Friedman, founder and chief executive officer of Stratfor, has 2 some startling predictions. In his new book, The Next 100 Years, Friedman provides a look at 3 he believes the world will change over the course of this century.
One of the major issues 4 around the world these days is the challenge of feeding a growing population. But George Friedman believes this concern will be swept aside by the 5 of declining birth rates coupled with the aging of the largest segment (部分) of the current 6 .
And when it 7 climate change, a very real problem, in his opinion, he sees a clean energy future provided by giant solar arrays in near?end orbit.
“In space you have plenty of room to put solar collectors and your only problem is beaming it back to 8 and there are two ways to do that, one is by cable and 9 is by microwave radiation，” Friedman said.
Friedman's book also contains a number of surprising political 10 . He says Poland and Turkey will emerge as major powers and that by the end of this century 11 will challenge the United States for dominance in North America.
He says US irritation over illegal immigration and drug smuggling and Mexican resentment (愤恨) of US dominance will 12 grow stronger, 13 the two countries have strong trade relations.
By mid?century, Friedman says 14 is likely to be a world war involving weapons based in 15 and that Japan may launch a surprise attack on orbiting US battle platforms from bases on the moon, in a sort of “Star Wars” version of the Japanese 16 on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor in 1941.
George Friedman is the first to admit he has no crystal ball and 17 he could be wrong on how 18 will unfold, but he says final judgment 19 his forecasts can only come from those who will be 20 100 years from now.
语篇解读：未来一百年世界将会是什么样子，世界局势有哪些变化呢？乔治·弗莱德曼在他的《未来百年》中做了预测。不过他的预言是否正确，只能等到一百年之后来判定了。
1．A.before B．ahead
C．ago D．coming
解析：选B 通览全文可知，本文与未来百年的预言有关，ahead可以表示将来时间，而before, ago均表示过去，coming修饰名词时应置于其前。故选B项。
2．A.made B．produced
C．created D．contributed
解析：选A make predictions“做出预言”。produce“生产(产品)”；create“创造(前所未有的东西)”；contribute“贡献，捐献”。根据语境可知，B、C、D三项与语境不符。
3．A.what B．how
C．which D．that
解析：选B 在该书中，弗莱德曼向世人展示了在未来一个世纪世界将如何变化。下文就世界变化的趋势做了分析，因此how符合题意。
4．A.changed B．done
C．discussed D．finished
解析：选C 现在世人讨论的主要问题是如何养活不断增长的人口。
5．A.concern B．fact
C．problem D．challenge
解析：选D 弗莱德曼认为这种关注将被人口出生率下降的挑战所取代。concern与about搭配，fact与problem不足以描述问题的严重性。
6．A.situation B．world
C．prediction D．population
解析：选D 由上文的“a growing population”可知，第二段讨论人口问题，这里说的是很大一部分人口的老龄化同样是未来百年人类面临的挑战。
7．A.turns to B．keeps to
C．comes to D．links to
解析：选C 第三段讲了有关气候变化的问题。come to“涉及，论及”；turn to“转向”；keep to“遵守”；link to“联系”均与语境无关，予以排除。
8．A.sun B．earth
C．moon D．space
解析：选B 本段介绍了如何利用太阳能的情况。唯一的问题是将阳光反射到地球上。也就是说在地面上接收太阳能，因此A、C、D三项错误。
9．A.other B．another
C．the other D．the second
解析：选C 前文称有两种方法，一种是用光缆，另一种是通过微波辐射。the other“两者中的另一个”。
10．A.predictions B．problems
C．situations D．challenges
解析：选A 本文与百年预言有关，前面讲了有关人口、气候的预言，这里讲关于政治的预言。
11．A.Poland B．Mexico
C．Turkey D．the United States
解析：选B 由常识可知，墨西哥和美国属于北美国家。再根据下一段美国和墨西哥的争端可知，弗莱德曼预测了墨西哥将称雄北美洲的可能。
12．A.generally B．normally
C．properly D．eventually
解析：选D 墨西哥对美国的霸权的憎恨最终会变得更强烈。
13．A.in case B．even though
C．as though D．as if
解析：选B 从逻辑关系来看，墨西哥对美国霸权的憎恨与两国间牢固的贸易关系形成了对比，因此用表示转折关系的连词even though“尽管”。in case“以防”，as though和as if都是“好像”的意思，这三项与语境无关。
14．A.it B．there
C．that D．one
解析：选B 弗莱德曼称未来有可能发生世界大战。这是一个there be句型，因此B项正确。A、C、D项都不表示存在。
15．A.time B．space
C．the space D．the harbor
解析：选B 这场战争将动用空间武器。根据后面的“platforms from bases on the moon”可以判断，这将是一场空间大战。
16．A.war B．fight
C．battle D．attack
解析：选D 在某种意义上很像《星球大战》版的1941年日本偷袭美国珍珠港军舰。根据前一句的attack暗示，应选D项。
17．A.why B．that
C．whether D．if
解析：选B 这里是admit的两个宾语从句。第二个宾语从句的连词不可省略。admit后接的句子没有疑问或否定意义，因此不用whether或if。
18．A.business B．affairs
C．matters D．events
解析：选D 本文是对未来世纪大事件的预测。而business“商务”，affairs“政务”，matters“琐事”均不符合语境。故选D项。
19．A.about B．on
C．to D．for
解析：选B final judgment on“对……做出最终判决”。但他说对他的预言能够做出最终评判的只能是那些一百年之后还活着的人了。
20．A.live B．alive
C．available D．dead
解析：选B 只有活着的人才可以对弗莱德曼的预言做出评判，因此B项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Are you glued to your laptop or other digital devices (数码产品) day after day？They are everywhere in your life.The fancier they are, the more you will want to access them.However, technology can really isolate (隔离) you from society or the community you live in.This can hamper your relationships with your friends, relatives, and colleagues.
Staying at home, being glued to your laptop, watching TV or playing video games all the time might make you happy, but it isolates you from your world.You will start to feel lonely, unwanted and uncared.Yes, technology will be there and it makes your life easy and comfortable, but don't let yourself fall into the trap.The tech guys are there to develop fancier and more user?friendly digital devices every day.They are very clever at their jobs and they know how to attract people with their stuff.
Becoming addicted to technology will affect your health in a negative way if you don't take proper action.That action is to turn off your digital devices and go out.It is necessary for you to communicate with people around you and knock on their doors to share a conversation, or ask them out for an activity such as shopping, eating together or going sightseeing.Having a laugh together or sharing a joke with them might help you feel better.
You don't need all the digital devices out there; keep what you think most important to you and let go of others.You were born to be happy. Life is not about technology but about the people you bond with.The more you interact (交往) with people, the better you will feel and fill your life with happiness and joy.Why not turn off your computer and start knocking on doors?
语篇解读：科技的发展极大地便利了我们的生活，同时也让我们与周围的人变得疏离，亲情友情淡薄了。
1．What does the underlined word “hamper” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．To pay no attention to something.
B．To create something from nothing.
C．To make something difficult to develop.
D．To help or encourage something to happen.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第一段“However, technology can really isolate (隔离) you from society or the community you live in.”可知，此处讲电子产品的消极影响，根据上下文可推测，本句表示沉迷于电子产品会阻碍人际交往的发展。由此可判断hamper在此处表示“阻碍……的发展”。
2．Which of the following will the writer most likely agree with?
A．It is fashion to buy the latest digital products.
B．Technology does more harm to people than good.
C．You'd better get rid of all the digital products from your life.
D．We should pay more attention to people around us other than technology.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可知，作者认为，我们应该更多地关注周围的人而不是电子产品。
3．According to Paragraph 4, interacting with people more can make us .
A．healthier B．happier
C．more outgoing D．more successful
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段“The more you ...happiness and joy.”可知，与人交往能让我们感到快乐。
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A new digital device with more functions.
B．Ways to live a happy life in modern times.
C．The importance of the development of technology.
D．The negative influence of being addicted to digital devices.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。作者主要论述了当下人们过度沉迷电子产品这种不健康的生活方式的危害。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities, where people are able to make full use of the rapidly?developed Internet technology. Nowadays, can we find a person 1 hasn't experienced online shopping? Definitely not.
Online shopping 2 (welcome) by most people due to various reasons. From the perspective (视角) of the consumer, it can save some time for people who don't have much spare time. Just click the mouse, they can get 3 they want while staying at home. For the retailers (零售商), it can cut some costs for those who don't have much circulating funds. 4 (compare) with the traditional trade mode (风格), it saves them the need to rent a house. 5 ， there are still some 6 (disadvantage) in online shopping. First, no face?to?face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy. Second, people will lose the fun of bargaining.
7 is undeniable (不可否认的) that shopping on the Internet has become an irresistible (无法抗拒的) trend in modern 8 (social). It's of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws with the rapid 9 (grow) of online shopping. Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and convenience of online shopping without the concern of 10 (cheat)．
语篇解读：本文主要讨论了网络购物如此受欢迎的原因。
1．who/that 先行词为a person，引导词在定语从句中作主语，指代人，故用who或that。
2．is welcomed 动词welcome与online shopping是动宾关系，且此处表示现在的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
3．whatever/what 所填词引导宾语从句，表示“(任何)……的东西”，故填whatever/what。
4．Compared compared with ...(与……相比较)作状语，compare与it为动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。
5．However 根据语境分析，上文阐述了网络购物的好处，下面介绍的是缺点，所填词表示转折关系，再根据空格后面的逗号分析，此空应该填However。
6．disadvantages 根据some可知，此处填名词disadvantage的复数形式disadvantages。
7．It 根据句子结构可知，句子的真正主语是that引导的从句，故空格处应填形式主语It。
8．society 根据语境分析，此处指现代“社会”，故填名词society。
9．growth 根据空格前的“with the rapid”和后面的介词of可知用名词growth。
10．being cheated of为介词，其后接动名词，且cheat与we为动宾关系，故填being cheated。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Tom，
I'm writing to invite you to visit China and spending the summer vacation with me. I have made wonderful plan for it. First, we can go to Qingdao, there it is cool and mild, and have funs at the seaside. Then we were to participate in a tai chi camp in the Wudang Mountains. You are curious about Chinese kung fu, but I believe this is a good chance to learn it. Last, I have also been longed to take you to the countryside. We can stay there for a few days and visit some relatives of me. I think we will be enjoy ourselves at that time. I hope this plan suits you good and I am looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
答案：第一句：spending→spend
第二句：wonderful前加a
第三句：there→where; funs→fun
第四句：were→are
第五句：but→so/and
第六句：longed→longing
第七句：me→mine
第八句：enjoy→enjoying
第九句：good→well/fine
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你的笔友Bruce参加了学校的中国文学兴趣小组并想阅读中文小说。请你用英语给他写一封信，向他推荐一部你最喜欢的中文小说。信的内容包括：
1．小说名称；
2．推荐的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头与落款已给出，不计总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bruce，
Glad to hear that you're interested in Chinese novels.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Bruce，
Glad to hear that you're interested in Chinese novels.I'd like to recommend the novel The Ordinary World to you.
The novel, written by Lu Yao, won the third Mao Dun Literature Award, one of the highest honors in Chinese literature.It tells a story of the ordinary peasants with extraordinary personalities struggling for fate and a better life in the 1970s to 1980s.Their experiences greatly encourage those who are down to get out of their depression.The novel has been regarded as an inspiring one that is worth reading for many times.Each time you read it, you'll have a new discovery.So don't miss it.
Wish you would enjoy the novel.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
7
Module 3 Literature
单元小结
I once read a scene in a novel: In a prison, the prison guard was cruel to the convicts and didn't distribute enough food to them. Due to starvation, one of them intended to escape from the prison.He had been arrested many times and therefore he accumulated a huge amount of experience.He lied to the prison guard and then hit him on the head.After that, he attained the keys and succeeded in escaping.The incident was brought to the attention of the government and the police began to chase him.It wasn't long before the police accomplished the hard task and he was cast into prison again.I think he must be on trial.
我曾经在一部小说中读到这样一个场景：在一所监狱，看守对待囚犯很冷酷，甚至不分给他们足够的食物。由于饥饿，其中的一名囚犯打算从监狱中逃跑。他之前多次被捕，因此积累了大量的经验。他对看守撒谎，然后击中其头部。之后他获得钥匙成功地逃跑了。这起事件引起了政府的关注，警察开始追捕他。很快警察就完成了这项艰巨的任务，他又一次被投进监狱。我认为他一定会受审判。
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Human beings are often asking the question about their future. Many experts have predicted what will happen in the century 1 . George Friedman, founder and chief executive officer of Stratfor, has 2 some startling predictions. In his new book, The Next 100 Years, Friedman provides a look at 3 he believes the world will change over the course of this century.
One of the major issues 4 around the world these days is the challenge of feeding a growing population. But George Friedman believes this concern will be swept aside by the 5 of declining birth rates coupled with the aging of the largest segment (部分) of the current 6 .
And when it 7 climate change, a very real problem, in his opinion, he sees a clean energy future provided by giant solar arrays in near?end orbit.
“In space you have plenty of room to put solar collectors and your only problem is beaming it back to 8 and there are two ways to do that, one is by cable and 9 is by microwave radiation，” Friedman said.
Friedman's book also contains a number of surprising political 10 . He says Poland and Turkey will emerge as major powers and that by the end of this century 11 will challenge the United States for dominance in North America.
He says US irritation over illegal immigration and drug smuggling and Mexican resentment (愤恨) of US dominance will 12 grow stronger, 13 the two countries have strong trade relations.
By mid?century, Friedman says 14 is likely to be a world war involving weapons based in 15 and that Japan may launch a surprise attack on orbiting US battle platforms from bases on the moon, in a sort of “Star Wars” version of the Japanese 16 on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor in 1941.
George Friedman is the first to admit he has no crystal ball and 17 he could be wrong on how 18 will unfold, but he says final judgment 19 his forecasts can only come from those who will be 20 100 years from now.
语篇解读：未来一百年世界将会是什么样子，世界局势有哪些变化呢？乔治·弗莱德曼在他的《未来百年》中做了预测。不过他的预言是否正确，只能等到一百年之后来判定了。
1．A.before B．ahead
C．ago D．coming
解析：选B 通览全文可知，本文与未来百年的预言有关，ahead可以表示将来时间，而before, ago均表示过去，coming修饰名词时应置于其前。故选B项。
2．A.made B．produced
C．created D．contributed
解析：选A make predictions“做出预言”。produce“生产(产品)”；create“创造(前所未有的东西)”；contribute“贡献，捐献”。根据语境可知，B、C、D三项与语境不符。
3．A.what B．how
C．which D．that
解析：选B 在该书中，弗莱德曼向世人展示了在未来一个世纪世界将如何变化。下文就世界变化的趋势做了分析，因此how符合题意。
4．A.changed B．done
C．discussed D．finished
解析：选C 现在世人讨论的主要问题是如何养活不断增长的人口。
5．A.concern B．fact
C．problem D．challenge
解析：选D 弗莱德曼认为这种关注将被人口出生率下降的挑战所取代。concern与about搭配，fact与problem不足以描述问题的严重性。
6．A.situation B．world
C．prediction D．population
解析：选D 由上文的“a growing population”可知，第二段讨论人口问题，这里说的是很大一部分人口的老龄化同样是未来百年人类面临的挑战。
7．A.turns to B．keeps to
C．comes to D．links to
解析：选C 第三段讲了有关气候变化的问题。come to“涉及，论及”；turn to“转向”；keep to“遵守”；link to“联系”均与语境无关，予以排除。
8．A.sun B．earth
C．moon D．space
解析：选B 本段介绍了如何利用太阳能的情况。唯一的问题是将阳光反射到地球上。也就是说在地面上接收太阳能，因此A、C、D三项错误。
9．A.other B．another
C．the other D．the second
解析：选C 前文称有两种方法，一种是用光缆，另一种是通过微波辐射。the other“两者中的另一个”。
10．A.predictions B．problems
C．situations D．challenges
解析：选A 本文与百年预言有关，前面讲了有关人口、气候的预言，这里讲关于政治的预言。
11．A.Poland B．Mexico
C．Turkey D．the United States
解析：选B 由常识可知，墨西哥和美国属于北美国家。再根据下一段美国和墨西哥的争端可知，弗莱德曼预测了墨西哥将称雄北美洲的可能。
12．A.generally B．normally
C．properly D．eventually
解析：选D 墨西哥对美国的霸权的憎恨最终会变得更强烈。
13．A.in case B．even though
C．as though D．as if
解析：选B 从逻辑关系来看，墨西哥对美国霸权的憎恨与两国间牢固的贸易关系形成了对比，因此用表示转折关系的连词even though“尽管”。in case“以防”，as though和as if都是“好像”的意思，这三项与语境无关。
14．A.it B．there
C．that D．one
解析：选B 弗莱德曼称未来有可能发生世界大战。这是一个there be句型，因此B项正确。A、C、D项都不表示存在。
15．A.time B．space
C．the space D．the harbor
解析：选B 这场战争将动用空间武器。根据后面的“platforms from bases on the moon”可以判断，这将是一场空间大战。
16．A.war B．fight
C．battle D．attack
解析：选D 在某种意义上很像《星球大战》版的1941年日本偷袭美国珍珠港军舰。根据前一句的attack暗示，应选D项。
17．A.why B．that
C．whether D．if
解析：选B 这里是admit的两个宾语从句。第二个宾语从句的连词不可省略。admit后接的句子没有疑问或否定意义，因此不用whether或if。
18．A.business B．affairs
C．matters D．events
解析：选D 本文是对未来世纪大事件的预测。而business“商务”，affairs“政务”，matters“琐事”均不符合语境。故选D项。
19．A.about B．on
C．to D．for
解析：选B final judgment on“对……做出最终判决”。但他说对他的预言能够做出最终评判的只能是那些一百年之后还活着的人了。
20．A.live B．alive
C．available D．dead
解析：选B 只有活着的人才可以对弗莱德曼的预言做出评判，因此B项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Are you glued to your laptop or other digital devices (数码产品) day after day？They are everywhere in your life.The fancier they are, the more you will want to access them.However, technology can really isolate (隔离) you from society or the community you live in.This can hamper your relationships with your friends, relatives, and colleagues.
Staying at home, being glued to your laptop, watching TV or playing video games all the time might make you happy, but it isolates you from your world.You will start to feel lonely, unwanted and uncared.Yes, technology will be there and it makes your life easy and comfortable, but don't let yourself fall into the trap.The tech guys are there to develop fancier and more user?friendly digital devices every day.They are very clever at their jobs and they know how to attract people with their stuff.
Becoming addicted to technology will affect your health in a negative way if you don't take proper action.That action is to turn off your digital devices and go out.It is necessary for you to communicate with people around you and knock on their doors to share a conversation, or ask them out for an activity such as shopping, eating together or going sightseeing.Having a laugh together or sharing a joke with them might help you feel better.
You don't need all the digital devices out there; keep what you think most important to you and let go of others.You were born to be happy. Life is not about technology but about the people you bond with.The more you interact (交往) with people, the better you will feel and fill your life with happiness and joy.Why not turn off your computer and start knocking on doors?
语篇解读：科技的发展极大地便利了我们的生活，同时也让我们与周围的人变得疏离，亲情友情淡薄了。
1．What does the underlined word “hamper” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．To pay no attention to something.
B．To create something from nothing.
C．To make something difficult to develop.
D．To help or encourage something to happen.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第一段“However, technology can really isolate (隔离) you from society or the community you live in.”可知，此处讲电子产品的消极影响，根据上下文可推测，本句表示沉迷于电子产品会阻碍人际交往的发展。由此可判断hamper在此处表示“阻碍……的发展”。
2．Which of the following will the writer most likely agree with?
A．It is fashion to buy the latest digital products.
B．Technology does more harm to people than good.
C．You'd better get rid of all the digital products from your life.
D．We should pay more attention to people around us other than technology.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可知，作者认为，我们应该更多地关注周围的人而不是电子产品。
3．According to Paragraph 4, interacting with people more can make us .
A．healthier B．happier
C．more outgoing D．more successful
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段“The more you ...happiness and joy.”可知，与人交往能让我们感到快乐。
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A new digital device with more functions.
B．Ways to live a happy life in modern times.
C．The importance of the development of technology.
D．The negative influence of being addicted to digital devices.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。作者主要论述了当下人们过度沉迷电子产品这种不健康的生活方式的危害。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities, where people are able to make full use of the rapidly?developed Internet technology. Nowadays, can we find a person 1 hasn't experienced online shopping? Definitely not.
Online shopping 2 (welcome) by most people due to various reasons. From the perspective (视角) of the consumer, it can save some time for people who don't have much spare time. Just click the mouse, they can get 3 they want while staying at home. For the retailers (零售商), it can cut some costs for those who don't have much circulating funds. 4 (compare) with the traditional trade mode (风格), it saves them the need to rent a house. 5 ， there are still some 6 (disadvantage) in online shopping. First, no face?to?face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy. Second, people will lose the fun of bargaining.
7 is undeniable (不可否认的) that shopping on the Internet has become an irresistible (无法抗拒的) trend in modern 8 (social). It's of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws with the rapid 9 (grow) of online shopping. Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and convenience of online shopping without the concern of 10 (cheat)．
语篇解读：本文主要讨论了网络购物如此受欢迎的原因。
1．who/that 先行词为a person，引导词在定语从句中作主语，指代人，故用who或that。
2．is welcomed 动词welcome与online shopping是动宾关系，且此处表示现在的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
3．whatever/what 所填词引导宾语从句，表示“(任何)……的东西”，故填whatever/what。
4．Compared compared with ...(与……相比较)作状语，compare与it为动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。
5．However 根据语境分析，上文阐述了网络购物的好处，下面介绍的是缺点，所填词表示转折关系，再根据空格后面的逗号分析，此空应该填However。
6．disadvantages 根据some可知，此处填名词disadvantage的复数形式disadvantages。
7．It 根据句子结构可知，句子的真正主语是that引导的从句，故空格处应填形式主语It。
8．society 根据语境分析，此处指现代“社会”，故填名词society。
9．growth 根据空格前的“with the rapid”和后面的介词of可知用名词growth。
10．being cheated of为介词，其后接动名词，且cheat与we为动宾关系，故填being cheated。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Tom，
I'm writing to invite you to visit China and spending the summer vacation with me. I have made wonderful plan for it. First, we can go to Qingdao, there it is cool and mild, and have funs at the seaside. Then we were to participate in a tai chi camp in the Wudang Mountains. You are curious about Chinese kung fu, but I believe this is a good chance to learn it. Last, I have also been longed to take you to the countryside. We can stay there for a few days and visit some relatives of me. I think we will be enjoy ourselves at that time. I hope this plan suits you good and I am looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
答案：第一句：spending→spend
第二句：wonderful前加a
第三句：there→where; funs→fun
第四句：were→are
第五句：but→so/and
第六句：longed→longing
第七句：me→mine
第八句：enjoy→enjoying
第九句：good→well/fine
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你的笔友Bruce参加了学校的中国文学兴趣小组并想阅读中文小说。请你用英语给他写一封信，向他推荐一部你最喜欢的中文小说。信的内容包括：
1．小说名称；
2．推荐的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头与落款已给出，不计总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bruce，
Glad to hear that you're interested in Chinese novels.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Bruce，
Glad to hear that you're interested in Chinese novels.I'd like to recommend the novel The Ordinary World to you.
The novel, written by Lu Yao, won the third Mao Dun Literature Award, one of the highest honors in Chinese literature.It tells a story of the ordinary peasants with extraordinary personalities struggling for fate and a better life in the 1970s to 1980s.Their experiences greatly encourage those who are down to get out of their depression.The novel has been regarded as an inspiring one that is worth reading for many times.Each time you read it, you'll have a new discovery.So don't miss it.
Wish you would enjoy the novel.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
8
课时跟踪练(二) Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The scene (场景) was astonishing to me, to everyone standing by.
2．He is the warden (管理员) of an old people's home.
3．The civil servant nudged (推开) him forward.
4．The beggar at last resorted to the workhouse (救济院)．
5．Suddenly, he was awakened by a kind of desperate (绝望的) cry for help.
6．Leave your car here and lock (用锁锁) it up.
7．There are only 35 staff to serve (服务) 30,000?plus customers.
8．We must seize (抓住) this opportunity to use the unique advantages of Lianyungang and achieve leapfrog development.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．No sooner had the teacher finished her speech when the students started cheering.when→than
2．I hammered a tack (大头钉) into the wall and hanged a small picture from it.hanged→hung
3．All animals including men feed with plants or other animals.with→on
4．They sat on the sofa, talking in whisper.in后加a或whisper→whispers
5．Not until I got home I realize I'd lost my wallet.home后加did
Ⅲ.选词填空
be eager for， feed on， whisper to， in astonishment， in a low voice， no sooner ...than ...， be cruel to， hang up
1．I am sorry I have to hang up now.Someone is knocking at the door.
2．Some of them are eager for romance, while others enjoy being single.
3．After my lecture, the chairman compared notes with the president in a low voice.
4．Bats fly at night and feed on insects and fruit.
5．The sisters whispered to each other when they passed this spot.
6．Madame Grandet and her daughter looked at each other in astonishment.
7．No sooner had I heard the knock than I opened the door.
8．I can't stand people who are cruel to animals.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The warden, 1.helped (help) by two women, served the soup from this pot at meal times. Each boy 2.was allowed (allow) one bowl of soup and no more. The bowls never needed 3.washing/to be washed (wash), as the boys cleaned them with their spoons, 4.trying (try) to eat every bit of soup. One boy told his friends that he had to have another bowl of soup. If he didn't, he might eat a boy. They decided that one boy should ask the warden 5.for more soup. Oliver 6.was chosen (choose). Oliver, who was desperate with hunger and misery, rose from his table and walked to the warden. 7.Frightened (frighten) by his courage, he said, “Please sir, I want some more.” No 8.sooner (soon) had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on 9.the head with the soup spoon. The next morning a notice was put up on the door of the workhouse, offering a reward to anybody 10.who would employ Oliver Twist.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
一次，彼得捡到了一个钱包，吃惊地 (in astonishment) 发现里面有很多钱。我要他抓住 (seize) 机会，用这笔钱到巴黎学习时装。但是彼得不同意 (disagree with) 我的观点，把钱留下来自己用。他用坚定的声音 (in a ... voice) 说，他要把钱还给失主。第二天，失主提出资助彼得到巴黎学习时装作为对他善举的报酬 (in reward for)。他刚一到巴黎就(no sooner ... than ...) 给我发来了电子邮件。因为我急切地 (eager) 想知道他在巴黎怎么样。很多时候，我们还会私下谈 (in whispers) 一些我们的私事。
Once Peter picked up a wallet and found a lot of money in it in astonishment. I asked Peter to seize the chance，using the money to study fashion in Paris. But Peter disagreed with my idea that he would keep the money back for himself. He said in a firm voice that he would give the money back to the owner. The next day, the owner offered that Peter would study fashion in reward for his kindness. No sooner had Peter arrived in Paris than he sent me an e?mail. I was eager to know how things were going on in Paris. Many times, we also talked to each other in whispers about something private.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Years ago, my husband and I decided to take our three girls to Disneyland.Certainly, my husband and I would pay for the 1 ， but we advised our daughters to 2 their spending money through their own efforts.We said our youngest daughter didn't have to do that, 3 she was only ten years old. 4 ， she insisted that she should make her own money.
We 5 near a golf course. One afternoon, I looked through the kitchen window and saw our youngest daughter sit on the grass, patiently 6 the golfers.During supper, she told us she had noticed that the golfers 7 using towels to wipe the 8 on their faces.She could 9 they were hot.She wondered whether we could drive 10 to the supermarket nearby.She wanted to buy some cold soda?water.We asked her 11 .She explained she could sell the soda?water at a slightly 12 price to the golfers.Then she could make money.She described her business plan 13 ， as if she had made a big fortune.We 14 this would probably last only one day, but to encourage her, we gave her our 15 .
To make a long story short, we made over a dozen trips to the 16 and bought dozens of cases of soda?water during those weeks.Each time her soda?water 17 ， she would hurriedly buy more.
The golfers bought her sodas.Maybe they were simply 18 ， but I tend to think it was because they were 19 by the little girl delivering sodas to them in such hot weather.Anyway, she made over $300 all by herself, even a little more than her 20 .
语篇解读：作者一家人准备去迪士尼玩，孩子们必须自己挣零花钱。本想着照顾十岁的小女儿，没想到她执意自己挣钱。
1．A.education B．career
C．change D．tour
解析：选D 根据语境可知，我和丈夫决定带孩子们去迪士尼玩，当然，游玩(tour)的钱是由我们来出。
2．A.earn B．borrow
C．share D．save
解析：选A 但是我们建议孩子们自己赚(earn)自己的零花钱。
3．A.although B．because
C．if D．unless
解析：选B 我们不要求小女儿自己去赚零花钱，因为(because)她才十岁。
4．A.Otherwise B．However
C．Therefore D．Besides
解析：选B 可是(However)，她却坚持要自己去赚钱。四个选项均为副词，otherwise意为“否则，在其他方面”；however意为“然而，无论如何”；therefore意为“因此，所以”；besides意为“此外，而且”。however符合语境。
5．A.lived B．worked
C．played D．travelled
解析：选A 从下文“I looked through the kitchen window”可知，我们住在(lived)一个高尔夫球场附近。
6．A.guiding B．caring
C．questioning D．watching
解析：选D 根据语境可知，我看到我的小女儿在观察(watching)那些打高尔夫球的人。
7．A.considered B．stopped
C．kept D．practiced
解析：选C 根据语境可知，我女儿告诉我们她看到那些人不停地(kept)拿出毛巾来擦汗(sweat)。
8．A.tears B．dust
C．sweat D．rain
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
9．A.let out B．bring out
C．turn out D．figure out
解析：选D 她由此知道(figured out)他们很热。let out意为“泄露，放出，出租”；bring out意为“激发，生产出”；turn out意为“生产，结果是，关掉”；figure out意为“解决，想出，理解”。figure out符合语境。
10．A.her B．them
C．someone D．everyone
解析：选A 孩子问我们是否能开车带她(her)去附近的超市。
11．A.where B．what
C．why D．when
解析：选C 我们问她为什么(why)要去超市买苏打水，下文孩子解释了原因。
12．A.lower B．higher
C．attractive D．reasonable
解析：选B 根据语境可知，我们的小女儿打算把从超市买来的苏打水以稍微高(higher)一些的价格卖给那些打高尔夫球的人。
13．A.surprisedly B．disappointedly
C．calmly D．excitedly
解析：选D 由下文“as if she had made a big fortune”可知，她很兴奋地(excitedly)描述着她的“商业计划”。
14．A.decided B．learned
C．guessed D．remembered
解析：选C 我们猜测(guessed)她的行动可能只会持续一天。
15．A.attitude B．opinion
C．agreement D．advice
解析：选C 根据语境可知，为了支持孩子，我们同意了(agreement)她的计划。
16．A.supermarket B．golf course
C．school D．playground
解析：选A 根据语境可知，我们在那几周去了十几次超市(supermarket)买苏打水。
17．A.drank up B．sold out
C．knocked off D．poured over
解析：选B 每次当她的苏打水卖完(sold out)时，她就要赶紧去再买一些。drink up意为“喝完”；sell out意为“卖完”；knock off意为“击倒，停工，中断”；pour over意为“倾倒”。sell out最符合语境。
18．A.hungry B．thirsty
C．sick D．tired
解析：选B 那些人买水可能仅仅是因为渴了(thirsty)。
19．A.puzzled B．surprised
C．fascinated D．moved
解析：选D 我宁愿认为他们是被小女孩和她的苏打水生意感动了(moved)，因为小女孩不管天气多么热，她都会到高尔夫球场边去卖水。
20．A.sisters B．parents
C．friends D．customers
解析：选A 结果是，她通过卖苏打水挣了300美元，甚至比她的姐姐们(sisters)挣得都多。
Ⅱ.短文改错
I grew up on a small farm. Work on the farm was never stopped. As a result, my father had to work very hard. Sometime he looked very tired. One morning, when Father was still at sleep, my brother Tom and I got up. First, we feed all the calves. Then we milked the cows. Milk the cows was not easy. Though thinking our father would sleep longer, we did the work happy. When all the work was finally finished, we went into the houses and woke up Father. He was really surprising and kissed both of us on the cheeks. It was great day for all of us.
答案：第二句：去掉was
第四句：Sometime→Sometimes
第五句：at→in
第六句：feed→fed
第八句：Milk→Milking
第九句：Though→But; happy→happily
第十句：houses→house
第十一句：surprising→surprised
第十二句：was后加a
PAGE
5
课时跟踪练(三) Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If I hear one more joke about my hair, I shall scream (尖叫)．
2．I intend (打算) to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.
3．Millions are threatened by starvation (饥饿) and disease each year.
4．We are sure to accomplish (完成) the task as long as we unite and make a common effort.
5．He came from a fairly humble (低下的), poor background.
6．The whole nation mourned (哀悼) the death of their great leader.
7．He has urged reform of the welfare (福利) system.
8．It was quite a rough (犯罪率高的) part of our town.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The chair intended for you, but she took it away.chair后加was
2．She is a talented musician as well as be a photographer.be→being
3．Large amounts of water is needed for the crops as a result of the dry climate.is→are
4．In the earthquake, some children escaped killed.escape后加being
5．What the students do in their spare time is great importance.is后加of
Ⅲ.选词填空
a huge amount of， escape from， drag ...into， search ...for ...， bring ...to the attention of， put ...in prison， suffer from， become fond of
1．The teacher brought eye protection to the attention of his students.
2．A huge amount of food has been sent to the local people after the earthquake happened.
3．Water is escaping from the broken pipe.You should go and have it repaired.
4．We searched the whole forest for the girl.
5．With the cars increasing fast, even a small city like this is suffering from traffic jams.
6．The machine must be dragged into the city with ropes, because we have not suitable equipment.
7．More and more people become fond of his songs.
8．He was put in prison for stealing something in the supermarket.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Tourists can escape from the noisy city and enjoy a relaxing time in Lijiang.
2．At the back of the classroom sat (sit) some parents, who came here for some reasons.
3．If you won't go to travel, neither will I.
4．Only in this way can you work out the problem.
5．When and where was it that you were born?
6．She had the picture framed and hung (hang) up in her room.
7．She speaks in a whisper so as not to wake him up.
8．He intended to get (get) someone to repair his computer.
9．The lawyer unearthed some new evidence concerning (concern) the case.
10．It was in the bookshop where you had the book that I bought it.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．You should fix your attention on your study (把你的注意力集中到你的学习上) and pay more attention to your study habit.
2．We paid attention to her because she spoke in a loud voice (她说话声音很大).
3．He is fed up with his job (厌倦了自己的工作). He wants to do something different.
4．He received a title as a reward for (作为……的奖励) his services to the nation.
5．In our country, more and more people show concern for (对……表示关心) financial planning.
6．No sooner had we left the village (我们刚离开村子) than it began to rain.
7．This perfect work makes the audience lost in astonishment (吃惊地)．
8．The letters page serves as (当作) a useful forum (论坛) for the exchange of readers' views.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
What do literary greats Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Burns have in common? They both lived and wrote in Edinburgh, along with many other big names in the field of literature. This fact helped UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) award the city the title of World's First City of Literature on October 14.
Edinburgh left a lasting impression on Arthur Conan Doyle (1859－1930)．Although he was born there he went to school in England but returned home for medical school. After graduating he moved to London and began writing his Sherlock Holmes stories. His inspiration for the character came from one of his professors at university. Holmes' methods were so clever that they actually furthered the advance of the study of criminology (犯罪学)．
Robert Burns (1759－1796) is still regarded as Scotland's national poet, more than 200 years after his death. He is celebrated all over the world through translations of his work and the annual Burns Night supper on his birthday. One of his songs, My Love is Like a Red Red Rose ranks among the finest love songs ever written and Auld Lang Syne(《友谊地久天长》) is sung all around the world.
As one of the first literate societies in Europe, the Scottish Parliament passed the world's first compulsory (义务) education law in 1496. By the 1790s, almost all Scots could read. Visitors to Scotland often observed that even the lowest members of society had copies of Burns' poems and other books.
语篇解读：本文简单介绍了苏格兰的文坛巨匠亚瑟·科南·道尔和罗伯特·伯恩斯以及苏格兰产生众多文学巨匠的历史渊源。
1．Edinburgh was awarded the title of World's First City of Literature because .
A．the first award ceremony of literature was held there
B．many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Burns were born there
C．it left a deep impression on many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
D．many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Burns often wrote about it
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段所表述的：文坛巨匠亚瑟·科南·道尔和罗伯特·伯恩斯和文学界的其他一些名人一样，他们两人都出生在爱丁堡，笔耕于爱丁堡。在这座城市里诞生了许许多多的作家，正因为这浓郁的书香，联合国教科文组织于10月14日把“世界首座文学之城”的荣誉授予了爱丁堡。
2．Arthur Conan Doyle was remembered mainly for his .
A．detective stories
B．love poems and songs
C．contribution to the study of criminology
D．clever writing skills
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的内容：亚瑟·科南·道尔创作了福尔摩斯故事系列，其探案方法被描绘得非常奇妙，这让犯罪学研究也获益匪浅，得到了进一步的发展。由此推理他是以“侦探小说”而出名。
3．In honour of Robert Burns, .
A．My Love is like a Red Red Rose and Auld Lang Syne are sung all around the world
B．his works are translated into many languages every year
C．a celebration is held more than 200 years after his death
D．a celebration is held every year on his birthday
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He is celebrated all over the world through translations of his work and the annual Burns Night supper on his birthday.”一句可知：每年，人们在他的诞辰日举行“伯恩斯之夜”晚宴，以示纪念。
4．In the last paragraph, the writer mainly discussed .
A．the impression of visitors to Scotland
B．how Burns' poems are popular in Scotland
C．the possible history reasons for many literary greats in Scotland
D．how the world's first compulsory education law was made
解析：选C 段落大意题。根据最后一段所表述的意义：苏格兰之所以产生这么多的文学巨匠有其历史渊源。短文中列举了三个细节，苏格兰议会于1496年通过了世界上第一个义务教育法案。到18世纪90年代的时候，几乎所有的苏格兰人都能识字了。许多去苏格兰游览的人发现，就连苏格兰的市井小民也在读着伯恩斯的诗以及其他一些书。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Pets Corner is a company with dozens of pet stores and more than 600 employees around the UK.It is planning 1 (provide) the first?ever pet and human first aid training course for its staff.
To develop the 2 (special) designed course, training teams 3 (organize) by now. The course will begin next month. The full?day course will cover two parts with the first part 4 (deal) with humans and the second with dog and cat first aid.Topics covered will include different 5 (situation) in our daily life which require first aid skills such as minor injuries, shock and unconsciousness.
Lucy Ross, Head of Training at Pets Corner, said, “At Pets Corner, we have always tried to apply 6 honest and moral (道德的) approach to everything that we do.This includes having the best trained staff in the industry.Every human customer as well as their pet animals 7 (be) welcome in our stores.It's our duty to provide all of our staff 8 the tools and knowledge they need to feel 9 (confidence) in helping both pets and customers.Therefore, 10 makes sense that our staff's first aid knowledge is beyond all your expectations.”
语篇解读：一家宠物公司将对其所有员工进行人类和动物的急救课程培训以更好地为客户服务。
1．to provide plan to do sth.“计划做某事”。Pets Corner将首次向在全国的门店员工团队提供宠物和人类的急救培训课程。
2．specially 此处应用副词修饰designed, the specially designed course表示“特别设计的课程”。
3．have been organized 根据时间状语by now可知此处应该用现在完成时，training teams与organize之间为被动关系，故要用现在完成时的被动语态。该句表示“到目前为止，培训团队已被组织好”。
4．dealing 在with复合结构中，deal with与逻辑主语the first part为主动关系，故用dealing。句意为“课程将包括两个部分，第一部分是关于人类的急救，第二部分是狗和猫的急救”。
5．situations 该句句意为“涵盖的主题将包括不同的情境下，日常需要的急救技能，如处理轻伤、休克和昏迷”。
6．an 形容词honest和moral修饰可数名词approach，在honest之前应使用冠词an。
7．is as well as引导的短语在句中作状语而非并列的主语，句子的主语只是every human customer，所以谓语动词用单数。
8．with provide sb. with sth.为固定短语，意为“为某人提供某物”。
9．confident feel为系动词，后面需接形容词作表语，表示“感到……”，故填confident。
10．it it作形式主语代替后面作真正主语的that引导的主语从句。该句句意为“因此，我们工作人员的急救知识高于您的期望是合情合理的”。
PAGE
4
课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well?loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables (寓言) into cartoon movies.
The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney version we know today. It started off with the girl mourning her mother's death and going to her tomb three times a day. In addition, there were only birds that helped Cinderella; there was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice, nor was there mention of a horse and carriage.
The stepsisters were cruel: they always threw Cinderella's food into the ashes of the fire, and made her sleep on the ashes on the floor, hence (因此，由此) her name.
In the original story, the king's ball actually lasted for three days. With the help of the birds, the girl, beautifully dressed, danced with the prince on all three nights and the prince fell in love with her. However, she broke away from him to rush back home each night. On the last night, the prince placed something sticky on the stairs; as Cinderella made her escape, a shoe got stuck on it.
Here now is where the story becomes unpleasant: when the prince went to the house looking for the girl whose foot fit the shoe, the wicked (邪恶的) stepmother told one of her two daughters to cut off her big toe to fit into the shoe. The daughter did as told. So the prince took her away to be his bride. But, when they passed the tomb of Cinderella's mother, the birds called out to the prince，
“Turn and peep, there's blood within the shoe；
The shoe is too small, the true bride waits for you.”
Realizing he had been tricked, the prince returned the daughter to her mother; the other then had to cut off part of her heel in order to fit into the shoe, with the same result. Only Cinderella's foot fit perfectly and so the prince chose to marry her. The story ends with the wedding day: as Cinderella's two stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the king's riches, two birds flew by and plucked (啄) out their eyes. Because of their wickedness and falsehood, they had to spend the rest of their days blind.
The original Cinderella is so different from the Disney version. Thank goodness Disney made such changes; it indeed was a wise move.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。迪士尼的卡通人物“灰姑娘”的故事几乎是家喻户晓，但你知道最初的灰姑娘的故事吗？大家赶快读文章，从中寻求一个不同的“灰姑娘”吧。
1．What does the underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．Such wonderful things.
B．Other well?loved characters.
C．Old fables.
D．Cartoon movies.
解析：选B 代词指代题。根据画线单词所在句的前一句“However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well?loved characters ...”可以得出答案。
2．How did Cinderella get her name?
A．The birds came up with it.
B．It was given by Disney.
C．It came from the word “ash”．
D．She got it from her mother.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中可知，“灰姑娘”这个名字是从单词ash得出的。A项“鸟儿们想出的”，B项“迪士尼给的”，D项“她从她妈妈那里得到的”，都与原文的内容不符。
3．The moral of the original story is that .
A．a wicked person cannot escape punishment
B．a devoted person certainly deserves respect
C．a well?behaved child earns a great reward
D．a dishonest child cannot get mother love
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的冒名顶替的两个姐姐都被王子发现了，且小鸟把她们的眼睛啄瞎了可知，她们为自己的行为付出了代价，因此本文的寓意是“邪恶的人逃脱不了惩罚”，所以选择A项。
4．What does the author think of the Disney version?
A．Excellent. B．Ordinary.
C．Dull. D．Ridiculous.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thank goodness Disney made such changes; it indeed was a wise move.”尤其是“Thank goodness”以及“a wise move”可知，作者对迪士尼版本的灰姑娘比较认可，因此选A项“极好的，优秀的”。
B
Captain Ralph Crewe is a wealthy English man, who has lost his wife and lives with his young daughter Sara.He sends Sara to Miss Minchin's boarding school for girls in London, in order to prepare her for a future life in society.Crewe pays for her special treatment at the school, such as her own room with great things, her own maid, and her own carriage.The headteacher, Miss Minchin, secretly dislikes Sara, but she hides her true feelings and publicly fawns over (奉承) Sara because her father is so rich.Though living a rich life, Sara is considered quiet, well?mannered and kind by most people.She gains the reputation of being like a “princess”．
After some time, a large party is thrown for Sara's birthday at Miss Minchin's boarding school, which is attended by all her friends and classmates.Just as it ends, Miss Minchin learns of Captain Crewe's unfortunate death.A friend talked Captain Crewe into developing diamond mines with him.The mines failed and Sara is left with no money.Miss Minchin is left with a lot of unpaid bills for Sara's school fees and luxuries (奢侈品), including her birthday party.Angrily, Miss Minchin takes away all of Sara's possessions, makes her live in a cold little dark room, and forces her to earn her living by working as a servant.
For the next several years, Sara is treated badly by Miss Minchin and the other servants.Though she lives a hard life, Sara remains optimistic and kind.She will give bread to the poor girl on the street, though she is also very hungry herself.
Meanwhile, Mr.Carrisford and his Indian assistant move into the house next door to Miss Minchin's school.Mr.Carrisford was Captain Crewe's friend and partner in the diamond mines.As it turned out, the diamond mines did not fail.Instead, it has made Mr.Carrisford extremely rich.Mr.Carrisford is determined to find Crewe's daughter, although he does not know where she is exactly.He thinks she is attending school in France or Moscow.
Do you want to know what happens next？Then find a copy of A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett and enjoy it.
语篇解读：《小公主》是弗朗西斯·霍奇森·伯内特的代表作，本文向我们介绍了这个故事的部分内容。
5．According to Paragraph 1, what do most people at the school think of Sara?
A．They speak highly of her.
B．They praise her insincerely.
C．They're afraid of her sometimes.
D．They dislike her because she's unkind.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知，萨拉在学校时，身边大部分的人对她评价都很高。
6．What kind of person is Miss Minchin?
A．Insincere and cruel.
B．Kind and considerate.
C．Devoted and honest.
D．Greedy and strict.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段“The headteacher, Miss Minchin, secretly ...because her father is so rich.”以及第二段“Angrily, Miss Minchin takes away ... as a servant.”可知，Miss Minchin是一个虚伪且残忍的人。
7．By mentioning the poor girl on the street, the author wants to show us that Sara .
A．has many friends to help her
B．remains optimistic all the time
C．remains kind?hearted to others
D．knows what being poor is like
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Sara remains optimistic and kind ... hungry herself”可知，作者提到在街上乞讨的小女孩是要表明萨拉一直很善良。
8．Why did Mr.Carrisford become rich?
A．Because he was good at doing business.
B．Because Captain Crewe helped him a lot.
C．Because he took away Captain Crewe's money.
D．Because the diamond mines were actually a great success.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“As it turned out, the diamond mines did not fail.Instead, it has made Mr.Carrisford extremely rich.”可知，那些钻石矿很成功，这使Mr.Carrisford发了大财。
C
Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writer, made full use of the greatest resources of the English Language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty?five thousand! There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare uses it. Such a study is well worth the effort, even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare's day.
However, it is surprising that we should know comparatively (相对地) little about the life of the greatest English author. We know that Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford?on?Avon, and that he died there in 1616.He almost certainly attended the grammar school in the town, but of this we cannot be sure. We know that he was married there in 1582 to Anne Hathaway and that he had three children. We know that he spent much of his life in London writing his masterpieces. But this is almost all that we do know.
However, what is important about Shakespeare's life is not its details but its products, the plays and the poems. For many years scholars have been trying to add a few facts about Shakespeare's life to the small number we already possess and for an equally long time critics (批评) have been theorizing (理论化) about the plays. Sometimes, indeed, it seems that the poetry of Shakespeare will disappear under the great mass of comment that has been written upon it.
Fortunately, this is not likely to happen. Shakespeare's people have long delighted not just the English but lovers of literature everywhere, and will continue to do so after the scholars and critics and all their works have been forgotten.
语篇解读：本文介绍了莎士比亚的生平及他的作品对后世的影响。
9．What's Paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．The great varieties in writing styles.
B．The great length of Shakespeare's works.
C．The richness of the content in Shakespeare's works.
D．The rich English language used by Shakespeare in his works.
解析：选D 段落大意题。本段开头点出莎士比亚较其他作家而言，对英语使用的最为充分，接着对其进行了例证，即其作品中的词汇是常人使用的词汇的5倍。由此可知D项正确。
10．According to the passage, which of the following remains uncertain about Shakespeare?
A．His date of birth. B．His marriage.
C．His life in the grammar school. D．His date of death.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“He almost certainly attended ...cannot be sure.”可知，莎士比亚有没有上过文法学校不确定。所以选C项。
11．What does the last sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．People don't think the poetry of Shakespeare good any more.
B．People pay more attention to the comment than the poetry of Shakespeare.
C．People can't read the poetry of Shakespeare any more.
D．The comment is printed on the poetry of Shakespeare.
解析：选B 推理判断题。在大量的评论之下，莎士比亚的诗歌看起来会消失，由此可以看出人们过多地注意了评论而忽略了诗歌。
12.“Shakespeare's people” in Paragraph 4 refers to .
A．the characters in Shakespeare's works
B．the people living in Shakespeare's day
C．the readers of Shakespeare's works
D．the people whose native language is English
解析：选A 细节理解题。该段从侧面肯定了莎士比亚的作品，是“莎士比亚作品中的人物”为英语增加了光彩，也使热爱文学的人们感到愉悦。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
For a bird, to fly hundreds or thousands of miles each spring and fall is a difficult and dangerous journey, one that not all birds can survive. 1 There is more than one single reason for different birds to migrate (迁徙), but it all comes down to survival.
Birds are migrating for a meal.
For all birds, one of the main driving forces behind migration is food.If all birds were to stay in the same places year?round, food there would become scarce (缺乏的). 2 But as the food supplies decrease in the fall, they return to the southern areas.
3
Over millions of years, birds have developed different migration patterns, times and destinations.This helps birds take advantage of a wide variety of suitable conditions to raise their young, which increases the survival chances of the young birds.
Birds are migrating because of climate changes.
Changes in climate can affect migration.Many birds leave the Arctic for example, when temperatures begin to fall.They need warmer habitats.Similarly, the hottest regions can be an unpleasant environment for raising young birds. 4
Birds are migrating because of predators (天敌)．
Habitats that have rich food sources also attract a greater number of predators. 5 Many birds even migrate to specialized habitats that are nearly inaccessible to predators, such as coastal cliffs or rocky offshore islands.
A．So why do birds migrate?
B．Birds are migrating for their young.
C．So how do young birds migrate?
D．Birds are migrating because of diseases.
E．It is beneficial to lay eggs further north in cooler areas.
F．Birds that migrate to different habitats can avoid being eaten by predators.
G．As food sources are rich in the north each spring, millions of birds migrate from south to those areas.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了鸟类迁徙的几个原因。
1．选A 本文主要分析鸟类迁徙的原因，“So why do birds migrate？”一句承上启下，且与下一句一问一答，前呼后应，语意连贯。
2．选G 后一句讲到秋天北方食物减少，鸟类飞向温暖的南方。故可判断前一句应该讲鸟类向北方迁徙的情形。
3．选B 该句为本段主题句。鸟类迁徙的另一个原因是为了利用各种有利条件繁衍生息，抚养后代，故选B。
4．选E 本段主要讲鸟类因气候变化的原因迁徙。上一句说到太热的地方不是一个好的生存环境，因此，鸟类要在凉爽的地方产卵。
5．选F 因为食物充足的地方往往也会吸引其天敌，所以鸟类要避开其天敌而迁徙。predators是一个重要的信息线索词。
PAGE
6
