Module 4 Music Born in America
World music, especially non?western music, has evolved through history.However, after the beginning of the 20th century, the world music didn't keep the traditional way of playing music, and accepted the western styles of music.This was because the globalization (全球化) made it possible to communicate between western and non?western music.
With the development of western music, many modern world musicians accept western music systems and also play with the western instrument.That is because western music is prevalent (流行的) and most people are used to listening to western music at home.Meanwhile, lots of non?western musicians also accept the styles of western modern music.Some musicians even have tried to combine the styles of western and non?western music and some?times it is expressed as fusion (融合) music in modern time.
There is one famous artist who is considered as a world musician, but accepts the western instrument on his music.He is Yang Bang Ean, a Korean famous musician.His music has very unique style that is not expressed before.The instrument which he is usually playing is the western instrument, but the melody and symbols of music often express Eastern Asian traditional music that is especially familiar with Koreans and Japanese.He is often using Asian traditional instruments and vocalism (声乐技巧) in his music, which makes his styles of music much like folk music.
However, western music also accepts the melody and rhythm of non?western music.Since most of the countries have their own music, the combination of western and non?western music is almost possible to make new styles of music.Therefore, western music also has been affected by world music.
All in all, the fusion of western and non?western music has influenced each other and achieves the unique styles of songs.It has very positive effect on the history of music because it proves that the influence of music is not one?sided and it also pushes the development of music
Section ⅠIntroduction & Reading — Pre?reading
,
All You Need to Know About Hip Hop①
Part 1
What is hip hop and how did it start?
Hip hop is an American cultural movement②which started in the 1970s③ at block parties④in New York⑤， especially⑥ in a district called the Bronx⑦. There are four main aspects of hip hop: breakdance⑧ and graffiti⑨ art plus⑩ two types of hip hop music — DJ?ing and rapping?. Rapping is also known as MC?ing? (coming from the term master of ceremonies). The DJs at block parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music? and they noticed that people preferred the percussion? breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to dance to?. So they started repeating the percussion breaks. This is a technique? used by DJs in Jamaica?. There were a lot of Jamaicans in New York who brought the idea with them?. At first, they played a lot of reggae?.
①hip hop嬉蹦乐 ②movement /'mu?vm?nt/ n．运动
③in the 1970s在20世纪70年代
也可以用in the 1970's表示。
④at block parties在街区舞会上
⑤which引导定语从句，修饰an American cultural movement。
⑥especially adv.尤其
⑦过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰district。
⑧breakdance n．霹雳舞
⑨graffiti /gr?'fi?ti/ n．涂鸦；乱涂乱抹
⑩plus prep.并且，和(＝and also)
?DJ?ing and rapping流行音乐和说唱乐
?MC?ing /?em'si?I?/ n．司仪；节目主持
?soul music灵乐 ?percussion /p?'k??n/ n．打击乐器
?dance to伴着……跳舞 dance to music伴着音乐跳舞
?technique /tek'ni?k/ n．技巧；手法
?过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰technique。
?who引导定语从句，修饰Jamaicans。
?reggae /'regeI/ n．雷盖
你需要了解的所有有关嬉蹦乐的知识
[第一部分]
什么是嬉蹦乐？嬉蹦乐是怎样开始的？
嬉蹦乐是一场美国文化运动，始于20世纪70年代纽约的街区舞会，特别是布朗克斯区。嬉蹦乐包含四个主要方面：霹雳舞、涂鸦艺术和另外两种嬉蹦乐音乐——流行音乐和说唱乐。说唱乐也被称为节目主持(源于master of ceremonies这个词语)。20世纪70年代街区舞会上音乐主持人播放很多灵乐，他们注意到大家更喜欢乐曲中的打击乐，因为打击乐非常适合跳舞。于是，他们开始重复播放这些打击乐。这是牙买加音乐主持人使用的一种技艺。纽约有许多牙买加人，他们从自己的国家带去了有关音乐的理念。起初，他们播放许多雷盖音乐。
Part 2
What was the big breakthrough?？
DJ Herc, one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time， noticed that New York audiences didn't really like reggae music, so he started playing other kinds of music, including rock and disco music. The percussion breaks were usually short, but Herc and other DJs made them longer by using two records on two turntables， side by side. Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played. Shouting DJs became known as MCs. And so the style of music known as rap was born.
At the beginning， MCs often performed for hours, repeating words and phrases and then improvising. Later, they experimented with different vocal and rhythmic approaches， using rhyming words， often words from African?American culture. At the same time， people started break?dancing at block parties.
MC Dark Star remembers the first time he heard a rap singer. “The moment I heard it”， he said, “I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”
?breakthrough n．突破 make a breakthrough取得突破
at the time在那时，当时
audience n．听众，观众(集合名词)
including prep.包括 including A＝A included
rock and disco music 摇滚乐和迪斯科音乐
made them longer使它们(播放时间)更长
此处为“make＋宾语＋adj.”结构
turntable /'t??n?teIbl/ n．(唱机的)转盘；唱盘
side by side并排；并肩 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地
while意为“在……的过程中”，引导时间状语从句。
at the beginning起初
repeating words and ...是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
improvise /'Impr??vaIz/ v．即兴演奏；即兴表演
experiment with尝试
vocal /'v??kl/ adj.嗓音的；与嗓音有关的
rhythmic /'rI?mIk/ adj.有节奏的
rhythm /'rI??m/ n．节律；节奏；律动
to the rhythm of随着……的节奏
approach /?'pr??t?/ n．方法；步骤
using rhyming words是现在分词短语作方式状语。
at the same time在此期间，与此同时
the first time第一次，其后的定语从句省略了that。
the moment I heard it是时间状语从句。the moment/minute/instant/second＝as soon as一……就……，引导时间状语从句。
[第二部分]
嬉蹦乐的重大突破是什么？
埃尔克，当时最受欢迎的牙买加音乐主持人之一，注意到纽约观众并不真正喜欢雷盖音乐，于是他开始播放其他种类的音乐，其中包括摇滚乐和迪斯科。这些打击乐通常很短，但埃尔克和其他音乐主持人利用摆放在一起的两个唱盘将两盘录音反复播放，使打击乐播放时间更长。有些音乐主持人开始边放音乐边说话、叫喊。大声喊叫的音乐主持人就被称为节目主持人。这样，被称为“说唱乐”的音乐风格就诞生了。
起初，这些节目主持人常常表演数小时，重复同样的单词和短语，然后即兴表演。后来，他们尝试用不同的发声和节奏方法，使用的经常是来自非裔美国人的文化当中的押韵词汇。与此同时，人们开始在街区舞会上跳霹雳舞。
节目主持人达克·斯达回忆他第一次听到说唱歌手唱歌时的情景。他说：“我一听就知道这是一种全新的音乐。”
Part 3
Why was hip hop so successful?
There are two main reasons. Firstly， it's cheap and easy — you just need two turntables and a microphone. Anyone can be an MC, using songs which have already been recorded.
Secondly, people were bored with the pop music of the day — disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid?1970s. However, disco music had a strong beat， and it was easy to dance to. Hip hop took advantage of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco！
firstly(第一，首先)以及下一段开头的secondly(第二，其次)用于列举。
microphone /'maIkr??f??n/ n．麦克风；话筒
which引导定语从句，修饰songs。
be bored with厌烦 disco /'dIsk??/ n．迪斯科(音乐)
decline /dI'klaIn/ n．衰退；下降；减少
in decline在下降，在衰退，在减少(状态)
fall/go into decline 在下降，在衰退，在减少(动作)
beat n．节奏 the beat of ……的节奏
take advantage of利用
provide v．提供
provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物(＝supply sth. to sb.＝provide/supply sb. with sth.)
who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
[第三部分]
嬉蹦乐为什么会如此成功？
主要有两个原因。首先，嬉蹦乐的成本低廉，并且容易操作——你只需要两个唱盘和一个麦克风。使用已被录制好的歌曲，谁都可以做节目主持人。
其次，人们厌倦了当时的流行音乐——20世纪70年代中期迪斯科和摇滚乐都在走下坡路。但是，迪斯科音乐节奏强烈，跳舞容易跟上节奏。嬉蹦乐利用了这一点，为那些不喜欢迪斯科的人们提供了别样的迪斯科音乐！
Part 4
How did rap singers record their songs?
The first time that rap artists recorded their music， musicians recorded the backing tracks (the music without the singing) in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later. The next generation of rappers recorded their vocals at the same time as the musicians.
New York was the capital of hip hop during the 1980s, and the style was known as East Coast rap. The style soon spread to other parts of the United States. There were a lot of West Coast rappers based in California. In Miami, Florida, a new style developed, strongly influenced by Cuban and Puerto Rican music.
In the late 1980s, hip hop spread across the world, to Japan, India and many parts of Europe, especially France, Belgium and Italy. In England, a new music form emerged， called trip hop, a mixture of jazz, hip hop and electronic music (for example, music played on computers).,
record v．录音，记录
that引导定语从句，修饰time，此时that为关系副词，意义上相当于when。这时that常可省略。此句中that省略以后，可以理解为“the first time引导时间状语从句，即“The first time rap artists recorded their music ...”。
backing track (音乐)伴奏曲
rapper /'r?p?/ n．说唱乐歌手
generation n．代
from generation to generation 一代一代地，代代地
be known as 作为……而闻名
be known for因为……而闻名
be known to为……所知
过去分词短语作定语，修饰a lot of West Coast rappers。
过去分词短语作状语。
emerge /I'm??d?/ v．出现
mixture n．混合物
electronic adj.电子的
electronic music电子音乐
a mixture of jazz, hip hop ...作trip hop的同位语。
[第四部分]
说唱歌手是怎样录制歌曲的？
说唱艺术家初次录制音乐时，演奏师先在录音室里录制背景音乐(一种不加歌声的音乐)，过后说唱歌手再加进歌声。下一代的说唱歌手在演奏师演奏的同时录制歌声。
纽约在20世纪80年代是嬉蹦乐之都，其风格被称为东海岸说唱乐。这种风格很快就传到了美国其他地区，在加利福尼亚有许多西海岸说唱歌手。在佛罗里达州的迈阿密，受古巴和波多黎各音乐的强烈影响，产生了一种新的说唱风格。
20世纪80年代后期，嬉蹦音乐传到了世界各地——日本、印度以及欧洲的许多地区，特别是法国、比利时和意大利。在英国，一种被称为迷幻舞曲的新音乐形式出现了，它融合了爵士乐、嬉蹦乐和电子音乐(例如电脑上播放的音乐)。
Pre?reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．approach A．reduction, becoming less or worse
2．decline B．action; activity; the act of changing location from one place to another
3．movement C．a method of doing sth. that needs skill, especially in art, music, etc.
4．disco D．popular dance music with a regular bass beat
5．technique E．using or connected with the voice
6．vocal F．a particular way of dealing with something
7．emerge G．appear; come out into view
1～5 6～7
答案：1～5 FABDC 6～7 EG
Lead?in
There are many kinds of music in America, but some of them were born there. Do you know them？Now please write out their names according to the following pictures.
1．Gospel music
2．Jazz
3．Blues
4．Soul music
While?reading
Fast?reading
Skim the text and finish the following exercises.
1．The text mainly tells us the origin, development, and success of Hip Hop.
2．Which of the following is NOT true about hip hop?
A．It's an American cultural movement.
B．It's a music band from America.
C．It's mainly made up of breakdance, graffiti, DJ?ing and rapping.
D．It started in the late 1970s in New York.
答案：B
Careful?reading
(Ⅰ)Read the text again and choose the best answers.
1．Why did DJs start repeating the percussion breaks in the songs?
A．Because the audience enjoyed dancing to this kind of music.
B．Because the audience enjoyed different kinds of music.
C．Because these were the best parts of the songs.
D．Because these were the souls of the songs.
2．Hip hop has the following aspects except .
A．breakdance B．graffiti art
C．painting D．rapping
3．Rap was born .
A．When shouting DJs became known as MCs
B．before DJ?ing
C．from graffiti art
D．when reggae music was formed
4．People love hip hop, because .
A．hip hop has a beautiful rhythm
B．hip hop needs improvisation
C．hip hop is cheap and easy to play
D．hip hop includes speaking and shouting
5．From Part 4, we can conclude that .
A．hip hop is also called trip hop
B．hip hop is popular only in America and Europe
C．music is always developing
D．rappers are mainly from America
答案：1～5 ACACC
(Ⅱ)Read the text carefully and fill in the chart.
Topic：Hip hop
Introduction What: an American 1.cultural movement When: started in the 2.1970s Where: at block parties in New York Main 3. aspects: breakdance, graffiti art, DJ?ing, rapping
The big 4．breakthrough：rap ·DJs made the percussion breaks 5. longer. ·DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played.
6.Reasons for success ·Hip hop was 7.cheap and easy. ·People 8.were bored with the pop music of the day and hip hop 9.took advantage of that.
How to record the songs ·First: record music and then 10．add vocals ·Later: record vocals and music at the same time
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The DJs at block parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music and they noticed that people preferred the percussion breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to dance to.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 20世纪70年代的街区舞会上音乐主持人播放很多灵乐，他们注意到大家更喜欢乐曲中的打击乐，因为打击乐非常适合跳舞。
2．DJ Herc, one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time, noticed that New York audiences didn't really like reggae music, so he started playing other kinds of music, including rock and disco music.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 埃尔克，当时最受欢迎的牙买加音乐主持人之一，注意到纽约观众并不真正喜欢雷盖音乐，于是他开始播放其他种类的音乐，其中包括摇滚乐和迪斯科。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Here's a look at Bob Dylan's life through his legendary music.
“Song to Woody” (1962)
It was released on his debut album Bob Dylan in 1962.Dylan expressed his respect for the legendary folk singer Woody Guthrie in this early classic.
“The Times They Are A?Changin'” (1963)
It was released as the title track of his third album of the same name, which launched him as a major voice in the new folk scene and marked the beginning of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s.Critic Michael Gray called it “the archetypical protest song.”
“Ballad in Plain D” (1964)
Dylan details his fractious relationship with Suze Rotolo in this long track from his fourth album, Another Side of Bob Dylan.Dylan scholar Clinton Heylin called it “an exercise of painful autobiography.”
“Like a Rolling Stone” (1965)
Chosen by Rolling Stone as number one on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, it was from the Highway 61 Revisited album and transformed Dylan's image from a folk singer to a rock star.He wrote it after returning from an exhausting tour of England.He was thinking about quitting the music business, but he worked out his frustrations about the public's demanding expectations of him through this song.
“All Along the Watchtower” (1968)
After a near?fatal motorcycle accident in 1966, Dylan went into seclusion for almost a year.He emerged with one of his greatest artistic achievements with this track from the John Wesley Harding album.Many critics have seen this song as a summing?up of Dylan's life and career.
“Gotta Serve Somebody” (1979)
In the late 1970s, Dylan underwent a conversion to born?again Christianity, taking five months off touring to attend Bible school.This yearning plea for meaning expressed his new religion.It was part of his Slow Train Coming rock?gospel album.
“Things Have Changed” (2000)
Written for the film Wonder Boys, this strange portrait of an aging star shuffling through show business won Dylan a Golden Globe and an Oscar.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。让我们通过这些传奇音乐来寻觅第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的作曲家——鲍勃·迪伦的人生故事。
1．Which of the following reflects a more politicized Dylan?
A．“Ballad in Plain D”．
B．“Things Have Changed”．
C．“All Along the Watchtower”．
D．“The Times They Are A?Changin'”．
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据“The Times They Are A?Changin'” (1963)部分中的“marked the beginning of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s.Critic Michael Gray called it ‘the archetypical protest song.’”可知选D项。
2．Which includes a song that shows Dylan's relationship with Suze Rotolo?
A．Bob Dylan.
B．Slow Train Coming.
C．John Wesley Harding.
D．Another Side of Bob Dylan.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据“Ballad in Plain D” (1964)部分中的“Dylan details his fractious relationship with Suze Rotolo in this long track from his fourth album, Another Side of Bob Dylan.”可知选D项。
3．When did Dylan release a song that expresses his new religion?
A．In 1965. B．In 1968.
C．In 1979. D．In 2000.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据“Gotta Serve Somebody” (1979)部分中的“This yearning plea for meaning expressed his new religion.”可知选C项。
4．What can we learn from the text?
A．“Things Have Changed” describes an Oscar winning star.
B．“Like a Rolling Stone” expresses Dylan's unhappiness.
C．“Song to Woody” was released on Dylan's third album.
D．“All Along the Watchtower” was written to record Dylan's accident.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据“Like a Rolling Stone” (1965)部分中的“he worked out his frustrations about the public's demanding expectations of him through this song”可知选B项。
B
Immigrants to the coast of southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of the Old World along with them for nearly 300 years. They brought some of their most important valuables with them. To most of them this was an instrument. Early Scottish settlers enjoyed the violin because it could be played to sound sad or lively. The Irish violin, the German dulcimer (扬琴), the Italian mandolin, the Spanish guitar, and the West African banjo were the most common musical instruments.
The communication among musicians from different ethnic groups (族群) produced music unique to this region of North America. Appalachian string bands (弦乐队) of the early 20th century primarily consisted of the violin, guitar, and banjo. This early country music along with early recorded country music is often referred to as old?time music.
According to Bill Malone in Country Music USA, country music was “introduced to the world as a southern phenomenon”. In the South, folk music was a combination of cultural types, combining musical traditions of a variety of ethnic groups in the region. For example, some instrumental pieces from Anglo?Celtic immigrants were the basis of folk songs and ballads that form what is now known as old?time music, from which country music descended. It is commonly thought that British and Irish folk music influenced the development of old time music. British and Irish arrivals to the Southern US included immigrants from Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and England.
When many people think or hear country music, they think of it as a creation of European?Americans. However, a great deal of style — and of course, the banjo, a major instrument in most early American folk songs — came from African?Americans. One of the reasons country music was created by African?Americans, as well as European?Americans, is because blacks and whites in rural communities in the south often worked and played together.
语篇解读：美国的乡村音乐闻名于世，文章向我们介绍了乡村音乐在美国的早期发展。
5．Where might the immigrants live 300 years ago according to the first paragraph?
A．In the mountains.
B．Near the sea.
C．Along the lakes.
D．By the rivers.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Immigrants to the coast of southern Appalachian Mountains of North America ...”可知，早期移民主要住在阿巴拉契亚山脉南部的海边。
6．Why did early Scottish settlers like to play the violin?
A．Because the violin could produce sound sad or cheerful.
B．Because the settlers always had nothing to do.
C．Because the settlers wanted to win the competitions among them.
D．Because the violin could bring about happy feelings in the settlers' life.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句可知，之所以早期的苏格兰移民喜欢拉小提琴，是因为这种乐器既可以发出让人悲伤的声音，也可以发出使人快乐的声音，这样他们就可以表达自己的各种情感。
7．What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A．According to Bill Malone, country music was introduced from Africa.
B．Folk music was independent among a variety of ethnic groups in the region.
C．The basis of ballads was made up of some instrumental pieces from Anglo?Celtic immigrants.
D．British and Irish folk music influenced the development of modern music.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段“For example, some instrumental pieces from Anglo?Celtic immigrants were the basis of folk songs and ballads ...”可知，C项正确。
8．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Where and How Early Immigrants to the US Lived?
B．African Instruments Influenced American Country Music
C．Why Early Immigrants Produced Folk Songs?
D．The Early History of American Country Music
解析：选D 标题归纳题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲了美国乡村音乐的早期历史。
C
Ask many actors and they will tell you it is hard to get work when you are just starting out and as you get older.However, it has not been the case for American musical (音乐剧) actress Susan Watson.
In 1958, at the age of 20, Watson was offered a part in the musical, West Side Story, in London. At that time, she was still a student at New York City's Juilliard School for musicians, dancers and actors.More than 50 years later, she was offered another part.Watson took an important role in a remake of the musical, Follies, at the Kennedy Center in Washington and the Marquis Theatre in New York City.In both cases, the offers came from musical theater legend Stephen Sondheim.He wrote the lyrics for West Side Story and the music and lyrics for Follies.
As a teenager, Watson developed her dancing, singing and acting skills in her hometown of Tulsa, Oklahoma.She traveled to study at New York City's Juilliard School before Sondheim interrupted her studies with the offer of a part in West Side Story.The award?winning musical, based on William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, tells a story of the struggles of immigrants (移民) in New York City.In the following two decades, Watson had starring roles in such well?known musicals as The Fantasticks, Bye Bye Birdie, Carnival, Celebration and No, No, Nanette.
Musicals are an American invention.They tell stories through many art forms：spoken words, songs, acting and dances.“Music adds an important emotional element, making an interesting story even more powerful，” Watson said.
At age 78, Watson now lives in California, but she has not stopped performing.She just released a new album called The Music Never Ends.She is excited that six of the 14 songs on her new album were written by “empowered (获得授权的) women”， including Nancy Ford and Gretchen Cryer.She says her new musical record is selling “very well” partly because people do not have to go to a store to buy it.They can buy it online, like almost any other product.
语篇解读：苏珊·沃森是美国的一位音乐剧女演员，她是一位幸运儿，20岁时就得到了一个非常重要的机会。
9．What does the author mean by saying that it has not been the case for Susan Watson?
A．She didn't retire after she got old.
B．She started out as an actress early.
C．She became an actress by chance.
D．She doesn't have trouble in getting work.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Ask many actors and they will tell you it is hard to get work when you are just starting out and as you get older.”可知，此处意为：苏珊·沃森作为演员并没有在刚入行和年老的情况下找不到工作的困扰。
10．What did Susan Watson do while studying in New York City's Juilliard School?
A．She received a very important offer.
B．She developed her dancing and singing skills.
C．She asked Stephen Sondheim for an opportunity.
D．She starred in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In 1958, ...dancers and actors.”可知，她在那里读书时得到了一个非常重要的演出机会。
11．Which of the following is the latest musical Susan Watson has starred in?
A．West Side Story. B．Follies.
C．The Fantasticks. D．Celebration.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“More than 50 years later ...a remake of the musical, Follies”以及第三段的“In the following two decades ... No, No, Nanette.”可知，《富丽秀》是她参演的最新的一部音乐剧。
12．According to Susan Watson, what's one of the reasons why her new album sells well?
A．It is sold nationwide in stores.
B．It's convenient for people to buy it.
C．She is a very famous musical actress.
D．Many empowered women wrote the songs in it.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“She says her new musical ...like almost any other product.”可知，苏珊·沃森认为她的新唱片卖得好的部分原因是因为可以在网上很方便地购买，故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
An obvious reason for learning a new language is to be able to communicate with the people who speak it.Your trip will be comfortable if you speak the local language when traveling abroad. 1 People in every country prefer it when tourists make an effort to speak the local language, even if all you can say in it is “hello” or “please”．
Cultural understanding
Speaking a new language helps you to get to know another people and culture. 2 Learning another language opens one's mind to new ideas and new ways to look at the world.In addition, when you master another language, you can enjoy literature, films, and music in the original language.It is extremely difficult for a translation to be a perfect replica (复制品) of the original. 3
Business and careers
Speaking more than one language is an important skill in your career. 4 Even though English is widely spoken in much of the world, the fact is that the global economy depends on communication.When dealing with France, for example, someone who speaks French will have an obvious advantage over someone who doesn't.
Language improvement
Learning another language can help you to understand your own.Many languages have contributed to the development of English. 5 Also, in learning how another language differs from your own, you will increase your understanding of your own language.For many people, our mother tongue is innate (与生俱来的) — we know how to say something, but we don't necessarily know why we say it that way.Learning another language can change that.
A．That's because language and culture go hand in hand.
B．Speaking the local language shows respect for that culture.
C．It is true that mastering another foreign language is not easy.
D．The best way to enjoy literature is to read what the author actually wrote.
E．Employers tend to prefer candidates who speak one or more foreign languages.
F．Knowing another language is helpful in making our culture known to other people.
G．Learning those languages will teach you where words and even grammatical structures are from.
语篇解读：学习一门外语有助于我们的日常交流，但对我们了解异域文化、促进个人职业发展和提高自身母语也有很好的帮助作用。
1．选B 本段主要讲在国外旅行时会说当地语言的好处，“Speaking the local language shows respect for that culture.”B项与上下文呼应，符合语境。
2．选A 根据上文“Speaking a new language helps you to get to know another people and culture.”可知，学习另一种语言能够让我们认识另一个民族和文化，因为语言总是和文化相伴的。
3．选D 根据上文中的“It is extremely difficult for a translation to be a perfect replica (复制品) of the original.”可推断，此处会说到欣赏文学作品最好的方法是阅读作者的原著。
4．选E 本段主要讲掌握一门外语对职业发展的好处。E项“Employers tend to prefer candidates who speak one or more foreign languages.”符合语境。
5．选G 上文谈到许多其他语言对英语语言发展的作用，据此可知，通过学习那些语言可以了解英语词汇和语法结构的起源。
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Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1．sophisticated adj. 复杂的；高级的 2．improvise v. 即兴演奏；即兴表演 3．approach n. 方法；步骤 4．decline n. 衰退；下降；减少 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．rhythmic adj.有节奏的；节奏分明的→rhythm n．节律；节奏；律动 2．movement n．运动；活动→move v．移动，搬动 3．technique n．技巧；手法→technical adj.技术的；工艺的；技巧上的 4．vocal adj.嗓音的；与嗓音有关的→voice n．嗓音，说话声；发言权 5．emerge v．出现→emergent adj.新兴的；新出现的→emergency n．紧急情况，突发事件 1.sophisticated adj.复杂的；高级的 [联想] complex adj. 复杂的 2．approach n．方法；步骤 [同义] ①method n．方法 ②means n．方法；手段 ③way n．方法，方式 ④manner n．方法，方式 3．decline n．衰退；减少；下降 [联想] ①reduce v．减少 ②fall v．减少 ③drop vt.下降 ④decrease vi.减少 4．technique n．技巧；手法 [串记] Singing needs technique, so you have to learn some technical knowledge first. 5．movement n．运动 [串记] The car moved forward and backward, and its movement drew the police's attention.
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.be bored with 厌烦 2.take advantage of 利用 3.rather than 而不是 4.make up 虚构，编造 5.consist of 由……组成 6.dance to ... 伴着……跳舞 7.side by side 并排；并肩 8.in decline 在下降，在衰退中 9.apart from 除……之外 10.be known as 作为……而闻名 1.an American cultural movement 美国的一场文化运动2.at first 起初 3.at the same time 同时 4.the pop music of the day 那个时代的流行音乐 5.spread to other parts 传播到其他地方 6.spread across the world 传遍整个世界 7.music played on computers 电脑上播放的音乐 8.from generation to generation 一代一代地 9.electronic music 电子音乐 10.at block parties 在街区舞会上
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1....and they noticed that people preferred the percussion breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to dance to. ……他们注意到大家更喜欢乐曲中的打击乐，因为打击乐非常适合跳舞。 由the first, the second, the last, the only, the very以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后面，常用不定式作定语。 I do think you are the very person to do this job. 我真的认为你是这项工作的合适人选。
2.“The moment I heard it，” he said, “I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”他说：“我一听就知道这是一种全新的音乐。” the moment用作连词来引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就”，相当于as soon as。 The movie began the moment we got there. 我们一到那儿电影就开始了。
3.The first time that rap artists recorded their music, musicians recorded the backing tracks ...说唱艺术家初次录制音乐时，演奏师先录制背景音乐…… the first time ...“第一次……时”，that引导定语从句，修饰time，此时that常可省略。 The first time I went to China, I visited Beijing. 我第一次去中国时，我就参观了北京。
1．(教材P44)The percussion breaks were usually short, but Herc and other DJs made them longer by using two records on two turntables, side by side.
这些打击乐通常很短，但埃尔克和其他音乐主持人利用摆放在一起的两个唱盘将两盘录音反复播放，使打击乐播放时间更长。
?side by side 并排；并肩
shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩，紧挨着
hand in hand 手拉手，形影相随
neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
arm in arm 臂挽臂
face to face 面对面
back to back 背靠背
heart to heart 心连心
①We've worked side by side for years.
我们已并肩工作有好多年了。
②They were walking along the bank shoulder to shoulder.
他们正肩并肩沿着河岸散步。
③Theory and practice should go hand in hand.
理论应当结合实际。
④They stood face to face, staring at each other.
他们面对面地站着，互相凝视着对方。
[名师点津] 在“n.＋prep.＋n.”搭配中，名词前都不用冠词。
2．(教材 P44)Later, they experimented with different vocal and rhythmic approaches ...
后来，他们尝试用不同的发声和节奏方法……
?approach n．方法，步骤；靠近，接近；路径，道路 v．靠近，走近
(1)the approach to (doing) sth. (做)……的方法/途径
make an approach to sb. 接洽/接近某人；给某人提建议
with the approach of ... 随着……的来临/临近
(2)approach＋n. 接近/靠近……
①They settled in at a comfortable East Slide café and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
他们在一家舒适的East Slide咖啡馆落座了，没几分钟，有一位顾客向他们的桌子走来。
②Your approach to teaching differs nothing from hers.
你的教学方法同她的教学方法并无不同之处。
③The leaves were turning brown with the approach of autumn.
随着秋天的临近， 树叶变成了褐色。
[辨析比较] approach, way, method, means
单词 意义 搭 配
approach 指学习或研究问题的方法 approach to＋ n．/doing sth.
way 指单一技巧或整套的操作过程，对于方法或操作过程本身是好是坏不做任何评价 in the way; the way ＋ to do/of doing sth.
method 多表示抽象的理论方法，而且强调以效率和准确性为目的 with the method；the method of ...
means 手段，方法；工具 by means of；by no means
选用上述单词填空
④This money wasn't earned by honest means.
⑤Children should learn the proper method of brushing teeth.
⑥I like her approach to the problem.
⑦What is the best way to make tea/of making tea?
3．(教材P45)Secondly, people were bored with the pop music of the day — disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid?1970s.
其次，人们厌倦了当时的流行音乐——20世纪70年代中期迪斯科和摇滚乐都在走下坡路。
?be bored with ... 对……厌倦/厌烦
be tired of/be fed up with ... 对……厌烦
be bored to death 厌烦得要死
①I was bored with/tired of/fed up with work not equal to my abilities.
我对于那些跟自己能力不相称的工作感到厌倦。
②There is so much noise and she is bored to death.
嘈杂声太大，她烦死了。
[Word family]
③In my opinion, a lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom (bore).
在我看来，她的许多不快乐是由无聊引起的。
?decline n．& v．衰退；下降；减少 v．下降，谢绝，婉言拒绝
(1)fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落
in decline/on the decline 在减退，在削减；在下降
a decline in ... 在……方面的下降
(2)decline by/to ... 下降了/下降到……
decline to do sth. 婉拒做某事
①A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance.(2017·江苏高考)
例如，在中国青壮年劳动力有可能急剧下降。
②Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline.
令人欣慰的是，吸烟量在逐渐下降。
③The great family gradually went into decline.
这个大家族逐渐败落了。
[名师点津] 表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。
[联想发散] “增加”与“减少”
Become More Become Less
4.(教材 P45)Hip hop took advantage of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco!
嬉蹦乐利用了这一点，为那些不喜欢迪斯科的人们提供了别样的迪斯科音乐！
?take advantage of利用，利用……的机会；占……的便宜，欺骗
(1)have/gain/win an advantage over 胜过；优于
have the advantage of 有……的优势
to one's advantage/to the advantage of sb.
对某人有利
(2)disadvantage n. 不利条件
at a disadvantage 处于不利地位，处于劣势
①If you are a fruit grower — or would like to become one — take advantage of Apple Day to see what's around.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
如果你是一位水果种植者——或者想成为一位(水果种植者)——利用“苹果节”来了解一下种植苹果的情况。
②He had the advantage over other boys of being born into a rich family.
他出生于有钱人家，所以比其他男孩子条件优越。
③This agreement is to their advantage, in my opinion.
依我看，这项协议对他们有利。
[联想发散] 表示“充分利用”的短语还有：
①make the most of
②make the best of
③make good/full use of
④take full advantage of
5．(教材 P45)In England, a new music form emerged, called trip hop, a mixture of jazz, hip hop and electronic music (for example, music played on computers)．
在英国，一种被称为迷幻舞曲的新音乐形式出现了，它融合了爵士乐、嬉蹦乐和电子音乐(例如电脑上播放的音乐)。
?emerge v．出现
(1)emerge from 从……出现；(从困境中)摆脱出来
It has emerged that ... (事实等)已显露出来
(2)emergent adj. 新兴的，新出现的
emergency n. 紧急情况，突发事件
①The moon emerged from behind the clouds.
月亮从云层后露出。
②It has emerged that he stole the money.
现在终于发现，是他偷了那笔钱。
③It is important to keep/stay calm in an emergency(emerge).
在紧急情况下保持镇静是很重要的。
6．(教材P46)Songs that are spoken rather than sung are called rap.
用来说而不是唱的音乐叫作说唱乐。
?rather than 而不是；与其；不愿
(1)rather than用作并列连词，连接两个平行结构。rather than是一个并列连词，常用于“平行结构”中，意为 “与其； 不愿； 而不是”，可用来连接两个并列成分，如连接两个并列的谓语、表语或状语等，表示在两者中进行选择，有否定后者的意思。
①I went shopping by bike rather than on foot.
我买东西是骑自行车去的，而不是步行。
②She enjoys singing rather than dancing.
她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。
③Brysan decided to quit rather than accept the new rules.
布赖恩决定辞职，不去接受新的规定。
[名师点津] 连接动词时，动词的形式可以用其过去式、动词原形、不定式(带to)或动名词(此时rather than作介词)。rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。
④My mother likes to stay at home at weekends rather than (to) go shopping.
→Rather than go shopping my mother likes to stay at home at weekends.
我妈妈周末时喜欢待在家里而不是购物。
(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词通常应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
⑤He, rather than you, is on duty today.
今天是他而不是你值日。
prefer to do ... rather than do ...
＝would do ... rather than do ...
＝would rather do ... than do ...
宁愿做……而不愿意做……
⑥He would rather stay at home watching TV than go to concert.
→He would stay at home watching TV rather than go to concert.
→He prefers to stay (stay) at home watching TV rather than go to concert.
他宁愿在家看电视也不愿意去听音乐会。
1．... and they noticed that people preferred the percussion breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to dance to.
……他们注意到大家更喜欢乐曲中的打击乐，因为打击乐非常适合跳舞。
(1)to dance to是一个不定式短语，作定语修饰parts。由the first, the second, the last, the only, the very以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后面，常用不定式作定语。
①I am the only one to hear the news.
我是唯一一个听到这个消息的人。
②This is the most exciting game to play (play)．
这个游戏玩起来最令人激动。
(2)一些名词后常用不定式作定语，这些名词有：chance(机会), way(方法), time(时间), intention(打算), ambition(志向), ability(能力), decision(决定), effort(努力), promise(诺言)等。
③He has fulfilled his ambition to be a writer.
他已经实现了成为一名作家的志向。
(3)在have sth. to do 句式中或there be 句型中常用不定式作定语。
④He has a lot of books to read.
他有很多书读。
⑤There's no need to send (send) for a doctor.
没有必要找医生。
2．“The moment I heard it，” he said, “I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”
他说：“我一听就知道这是一种全新的音乐。”
(1)本句中the moment用作连词来引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就”，相当于as soon as。
①The moment I picked up the receiver, I realized that somebody had dialed the wrong number.
我一拿起听筒就知道是有人打错了。
②The moment he came, he joined in our discussion.
他一来就加入到了我们的讨论之中。
(2)可以用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有：
?相当于as soon as，表示“一……就……”的名词短语还有：the minute, the instant, the second等。
③I sent you the news the instant I heard it.
我一听到这消息就立刻通知你了。
?由time构成的名词短语：each/every time, the first/last time, next time等。
④The audiences will cheer every time the singer appears on the stage.
这位歌手每次出现在舞台上，观众们都会欢呼。
?表示时间段的短语：the morning (afternoon/evening), the night, the day, the week 等。
⑤The day my father left for Canada, all our relatives came to see him off.
我父亲动身去加拿大的那一天，我们的亲戚都来为他送行。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The best approach to learning a foreign language is to speak it.
2．From that time on, the country gradually fell into a decline.
3．He always prefers to start early, rather than leave (leave) everything to the last minute.
4．He had an advantage over other boys for he had very good preschool education.
5．To everyone's relief, the swimmer emerged from the lake at last.
6．We stand side by side with you in this dispute.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．My sister was busy answering e?mails rather than watching TV.
我姐姐在忙着回电子邮件而不是看电视。
2．She took advantage of the children's absence to tidy their rooms.
她趁孩子们不在时来收拾他们的房间。
3．Bored with the blankness of the long winter, he moved to Florida.
漫长冬天的单调令他乏味，于是他搬到了佛罗里达州。
4．Who were the so?called guests invited to your party last night？(过去分词作定语)
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
5．I loved this picture the first time I saw it.
我第一次看到这幅画就喜欢上它了。
6．As soon as/The moment/The minute/Immediately he saw the bear, he climbed up the tree.
他一看见熊就立刻爬上了树。
7．The train to arrive was from London.(不定式作定语)
将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The reasons for its popularity are its fast pace and rhythmic (有节奏的) beat.
2．The rabbit will not emerge (出现) from its hole while you are there.
3．This approach (方法) is now seriously out of step with the times.
4．The press feels the need to associate itself with the green movement (运动)．
5．We have seen many sophisticated (复杂的；高级的) modern weapons in the museum.
6．You like to improvise (即兴表演) and break traditional rules for doing things.
7．This technique (技巧) will help people mentally organize information.
8．The minister at first declined (谢绝) to make a statement, but later she agreed.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．In playing volleyball you have the advantage over being tall.over→of
2．The company is on decline because of falling demand.
on 后加the
3．We walked in the street shoulder by shoulder. by→to
4．A new approach to teach the English language is being used here in our school. teach→teaching
5．They prefer to go with us rather than to stay here alone. 去掉第二个to
Ⅲ.选词填空
side by side， be bored with， rather than， consist of， in decline， experiment with， dance to， take advantage of
1．This book is intended for the general reader rather than the student.
2．We look forward to the day when tiger and human may live side by side in peace.
3．This year's event consisted of readings, lectures and workshops.
4．Production has already peaked and is in decline in some 50 nations.
5．They experimented with new methods of teaching and succeeded.
6．You can dance to the sound of the popular country band The Four Brothers.
7．Peter took advantage of his visit to Paris to improve his French.
8．After sixteen years of marriage they were bored with each other.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Hip hop is an American cultural movement 1.which started in the 1970s at block parties in New York, especially in a district 2.called (call) the Bronx. There are four main aspects of hip hop: breakdance and graffiti art plus two types of hip hop music — DJ?ing and rapping. Rapping is also known 3.as MC?ing. 4.Later (late), DJ Herc, one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time, noticed that New York audiences didn't really like reggae music, 5.so he started playing other kinds of music, 6.including (include) rock and disco music. They experimented 7.with different vocal and rhythmic approaches, 8.using (use) rhyming words. At the same time, people started breakdancing at block parties. Because it is cheap and easy and people were 9.bored (bore) with the pop music of the day, so hip hop became 10.successful (succeed)．
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
汤姆和玛丽正并排(side by side)站在大街上。过了一会儿，他们开始播放音乐并跳起舞(dance to)来。人们一看到(the moment)他们，就聚集在他们周围。看他们跳舞的人数在上升而不是在下降(in decline)。有时候他们也会厌倦(be bored with)城市里的生活，这时他们就会作为志愿者出现(emerge)在某个敬老院里。他们总是利用(take advantage of)这个机会使老人们放松和愉悦。
Tom and Mary were standing on the street side by side. After a while, they began to play music and dance to it. The moment people saw them, they got together around them. The number of people watching them dancing was not in decline but on the increase. They are bored with the life in the city from time to time. Then they will emerge at a nursing home as volunteers. They always take advantage of the chance to make old people relaxed and pleased.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
For this whole year, I will be living in Italy and working as an English language assistant.My roommate is a teacher from a local school.She is a very 1 girl and we get along well with each other.The only 2 is that we don't always understand each other！She only speaks Italian while my Italian is rather 3 .This is known as a language barrier (障碍), when two people cannot communicate 4 they don't have a language in common.
I have learnt that it is very 5 speaking a foreign language in real life than speaking it in the 6 .There, my teacher would always 7 things to me in English when I didn't understand them. 8 ， here in Italy, this won't happen.My 9 doesn't speak any English.When I don't know the exact Italian word for something, I try to express it using the words I 10 .When the method doesn't 11 ， I even try to act it out with 12 and body movements.
Yesterday, I wanted to ask my roommate where the router (路由器) was.I called it the “Internet box” and she understood what I 13 ！We both clapped (鼓掌) excitedly to have a little 14 .
Sometimes I feel very embarrassed because I keep making 15 when speaking Italian, but my roommate helps correct them kindly and 16 .She tells me that I'm doing well！In Italy, I have no choice but to speak Italian, so I can also feel my language 17 ！I hope that I will be speaking 18 a real Italian by the time I 19 .I have the confidence to 20 this language barrier!
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在意大利作英语助教时，如何克服语言障碍与意大利室友交流，并进而使自己的意大语水平提高的故事。
1．A.selfish B．strange
C．nice D．normal
解析：选C 根据下文“we get along well with each other.”可知，作者和室友相处的很好，由此可推断，室友是一个很不错的女孩，故选nice。
2．A.problem B．reason
C．suggestion D．feeling
解析：选A 根据上下文“She is a very 1 girl ...we don't always understand each other！”可知，作者和她的室友之间存在的唯一问题就是不能很好地理解彼此，故选problem。
3．A.boring B．poor
C．interesting D．good
解析：选B 根据上下文可知，她们之间存在语言障碍，室友只会讲意大利语，作者是一个英语老师，她的意大利语很差，故选poor。
4．A.even if B．as if
C．although D．because
解析：选D 该句话解释了“语言障碍”这一现象，两个人不能沟通，因为他们没有共同会讲的一种语言，故选because。
5．A.obvious B．excellent
C．simple D．different
解析：选D 根据下文的内容可知，此处表示，在现实生活中说一种外语和在课堂上说是很不一样的，故选different。
6．A.classroom B．street
C．discussion D．conversation
解析：选A 根据下文的“My teachers would ...didn't understand them.”可知，此处对比现实生活中和课堂上说一种外语的情况，故选classroom。
7．A.bring B．leave
C．explain D．offer
解析：选C 作者说在课堂上，当她不理解某些内容时，老师会用英语解释给她。短语explain sth. to sb.表示“向某人解释某事”，故选explain。
8．A.However B．Besides
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
解析：选A 根据语境可知，此处表示两种情况的对比，在课堂上，老师会用英语来解释，然而，在现实生活中不会出现这样的情况，故选However。
9．A.neighbor B．roommate
C．classmate D．student
解析：选B 根据语境可知，此处表示作者的室友不会说英语，自然不能用英语来给她解释，故选roommate。
10．A.hear B．read
C．know D．see
解析：选C 当作者不知道某个意大利单词的准确说法时，她就会用她知道的词汇来尽量表达，故选know。
11．A.appear B．work
C．exist D．matter
解析：选B 根据下文“I even try to act it out with ...”可知，当用别的词表达不起作用时，作者又会想办法用其他的方式来让对方理解她的意思。work在此处意为“起作用”，符合语境，故选work。
12．A.beliefs B．marks
C．thoughts D．gestures
解析：选D 根据“I even try to act it out with 12 and body movements.”一句中的act it out和body movements可知，作者会使用手势动作等肢体语言把自己的意思“表演”出来，故选gestures。
13．A.hoped B．received
C．meant D．discovered
解析：选C 此处作者进行了举例说明，当她不知道路由器用意大利语怎么说的时候，她在几次尝试之后用了“网络盒子”这样的表达方式，她的室友竟然明白了她的意思。
14．A.celebration B．communication
C．preparation D．introduction
解析：选A 根据语境可知，我们沟通成功，拍手以庆祝，故选celebration。
15．A.excuses B．mistakes
C．decisions D．appointments
解析：选B 根据下文“but my roommate helps correct them”中关键词correct可知，作者因为在讲意大利语时经常出错而感到不好意思，故选mistakes。
16．A.gratefully B．hopelessly
C．proudly D．patiently
解析：选D 根据上文可知，作者的室友是一个很好的女孩，所以，此处表示她很耐心地帮助作者纠正错误，故选patiently。
17．A.appearing B．rising
C．improving D．fitting
解析：选C 根据语境可知，因为室友不会讲英语，作者除了讲意大利语外，别无选择，所以，她感觉到自己的语言技能逐渐提高，故选improving。
18．A.with B．for
C．about D．like
解析：选D 根据语境可知，作者希望自己能说得像一个真正的意大利人一样，故选like。
19．A.leave B．begin
C．graduate D．continue
解析：选A 根据上文可知，作者在意大利要待一年当英语助教，此处应表示作者希望在离开意大利的时候，能说得像一个真正的意大利人一样，故选leave。
20．A.set up B．break down
C．create D．forget
解析：选B 作者表示自己有信心克服这一语言障碍。set up意为“建立”；break down意为“分解，垮掉”；create意为“创造”；forget意为“忘记”；break down符合句意。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and become a student in an ordinary school. Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly?equipped classroom, I found the teachers patiently and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided make the best of it. I worked hard and got along good with my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they are always available. Soon, I became one of the top student in my class, and which greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.
My experience tell me that it is not what you are given but how you make use for it that determines who you are.
答案：第一句：become→became
第二句：Disappointing→Disappointed; patiently→patient
第四句：decided后加to
第五句：good→well
第六句：are→were
第七句：student→students; 去掉and
第八句：tell→tells; for→of
PAGE
13
Section Ⅲ Grammar — 时间状语从句和省略
?语法图解
?探究发现
①Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played.
②The moment I heard it, I knew it was a completely new kind of music.
③The first time that rap artists recorded their music, musicians recorded the backing tracks (the music without the singing) in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later.
④No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.
⑤Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.
⑥—Do you want to go to the movie tonight?
—I hope to (go to the movie)．
⑦What do you think of the film (that) you saw yesterday?
⑧While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.
⑨Bob has done his homework, but Tom hasn't (done his homework)．
⑩He accepted the suggestion that he (should) go there by train.
[我的发现]
(1)①～⑤句中黑体部分在句中引导时间状语从句，⑥～⑩句为省略句。
(2)④⑤句为no sooner ... than ... /hardly ... when ...句式，表示“一……就……”，且no sooner/hardly位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
(3)⑥句是不定式的省略，省去了to后面的动词(短语)。
(4)由⑦句可知，关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
(5)⑧句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中包含be动词的某种形式，可以将从句的主语和be动词同时省略。
(6)⑩句是情态动词should的省略；⑨句省略了部分谓语及宾语。
一、时间状语从句
在复合句中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。时间状语从句常用when, while, as, until, since或表示时间意义的名词短语等引导。
1．when, while, as的用法
连词 用 法
when 从句谓语用延续性动词和非延续性动词均可，主、从句谓语表示的动作可同时或先后发生
while 从句谓语用延续性动词
表示两个延续性动作同时发生且具有对比意味，或一个动作发生在另一个动作进行的过程中
as 从句谓语动词用延续性动词，强调主、从句动作同时发生
表示“一边……一边……；随着”之意
He was nine when his father died.
他父亲去世时他才九岁。
Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016·北京高考改编)
杰克正在实验室里工作，这时突然停电了。
They arrived while we were having dinner.
他们到时我们正在吃晚饭。
While I played the piano, my sister did her homework.
我弹钢琴的时候姐姐在做家庭作业。
As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer.
随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
I saw my mother as I was getting off the bus.
我下公共汽车的时候看见了我妈妈。
[名师点津] when在be about to do ... when ..., be doing ... when ..., had done ... when ..., be on one's way ... when ..., be on the point of doing ... when ...等结构中，作“正在那时”讲，表示某个动作正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。
He was about to leave when someone knocked at the door.
他刚要离开就有人敲门。
[即时演练1]
(1)选词填空：when, while, as
①It's much easier to make friends when you have similar interests.
②While/When in Vienna he studied music.
③You will grow wiser as you grow older.
(2)完成句子
①I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
我正要睡觉时电话铃响了。
②They were watching TV when they learned that the plane was out of touch.
他们正在看电视，这时得知飞机失去联系。
③He had just left when you came.
他刚离开，你就来了。
④He dropped the glass as he stood up.
他站起来时，把杯子摔了。
2．until, till的用法
主句形式 主句谓语 意义
肯定句 用延续性动词 意为“直到……为止”，表示主句中的动作到从句动作发生时结束
否定句 用非延续性动词 意为“直到……才……”，表示主句中的动作到从句动作发生时开始
He waited until she had finished speaking.
他一直等到她讲完。
You can't go home until you finish your work.
工作完成后你才能回家。
[名师点津] (1)置于句首或在强调句中时常用until，其他情况until和till可通用。
Until you told me I had no idea of it.
直到你告诉我，我对此事才有所了解。
(2)如果将“not until ...”结构放在句首，那么主句要部分倒装。
Not until his bike looked almost new did he stop cleaning it.
直到他的自行车看起来几乎像新的一样，他才停止擦洗。
[即时演练2]
(1)句型转换
I didn't go to bed until I finished my work.
→Not until I finished my work did I go to bed.
(2)完成句子
①You can stay here till/until the rain stops.
你可以在这里待到雨停。
②They didn't stop talking until the teacher came in.
直到老师进来，他们才停止说话。
③Not until we pointed out their faults to them did they realize them.
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
3．before, since的用法
(1)before
①意为“在……之前”，置于主句前后均可。
Before the sun sets, we must go home.
太阳落山前，我们必须回家。
②如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“在……之前”，而要译成“过了多久才……，还未……就”等。
The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.
这次斗争持续了4年北方才最终获胜。
He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
他几乎撞到我时才看见我。
She left before I could have a word with her.
我还没来得及和她说句话，她就离开了。
③before常用句型：
It will be two years before he leaves the country.
再过两年他才会离开这个国家。
It was two years before he left the country.
过了两年他才离开这个国家。
(2)since
①since意为“自从”时，所引导的从句使用非延续性动词，主句使用完成时态。
Since he graduated from college, he has worked in this city.
大学毕业后，他便在这个城市工作。
②since的常用句型：
从句用非延续性动词表示动作持续了多久，用延续性动词表示动作或状态完成或结束了多久
It is five days since he came here.
他来这儿5天了。
It was three years since she had lived in this city.
她已有三年不住在这个城市了。
[即时演练3]
(1)选词填空：since, before
①I have written home once since I came here.
②Time passed quickly and the winter holidays had gone by before we knew it.
③They worked long hours for several weeks before everything returned to normal.
④(四川高考改编)As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.
(2)用所给词的正确时态填空
①It will be (be) one year before we graduate from the middle school.
②It is/has been (be) three years since he lived here.
③It was (be) not long before we met again.
④It was five years since we had left (leave) school.
4．表示“一……就……”的引导词(短语)
(1)immediately, instantly, directly, the moment (that), the instant (that), the minute (that)作连词引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一……就……”。
(2)hardly/scarcely ...when ...和no sooner ...than ...也表示“一……就………”。主句用过去完成时，when和than从句中用一般过去时。
I'll telephone you immediately I get home.
我一到家就给你打电话。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.
我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
他刚到家，就被要求开始另一旅程。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.
我刚坐下，他就进来了。
[名师点津] hardly ...when ...；no sooner ...than ...注意三点：
(1)固定搭配；
(2)时态，no sooner与hardly所在句子用过去完成时，when和than所在句子用一般过去时；
(3)当hardly和no sooner置于句首时，主句用部分倒装，将had提到主语之前。
[即时演练4] 句型转换
I found myself in an entirely new world as soon as I arrived in Beijing.
→I found myself in an entirely new world immediately/instantly/directly I arrived in Beijing.
→I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/minute/instant I arrived in Beijing.
→No sooner had I arrived in Beijing than I found myself in an entirely new world.
→Hardly had I arrived in Beijing when I found myself in an entirely new world.
5．the first time, the last time ...等作连词引导时间状语从句
the first time (第一次……的时候), the last time (上次……的时候), by the time (到……的时候为止), every/each time (每次……的时候), next time (下次……的时候)等也可作连词，引导时间状语从句。
Children's lives are in danger every time they cross this road.
孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险。
The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.(2016·浙江高考)
下次想说最新消息时，要想一下你为什么要说闲话以及你的带水分的故事会带来什么影响。
By the time he was fourteen, he had built his own lab.
到他十四岁的时候，他已建起自己的实验室。
[名师点津] by the time引导的时间状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，此时主句应使用将来完成时；当从句中用一般过去时时，主句应使用过去完成时。
[即时演练5] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①The first time I got (get) there alone, I was frightened.
②Every time I try (try) to visit him in the office I'm told he is in a meeting.
③The last time I visited (visit) her, she was studying at a medical college.
④Remember to send me a photo of us the next time you write (write) to me.
⑤By the time he was ten, he had studied (study) advanced math.
⑥By the time we graduate, we will have stayed (stay) here for five years.
二、省略
为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句子中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。按照省略的部分可分为句子成分的省略和词的省略。
1．简单句及并列句中的省略
省略成分 情况说明
主语 在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略
谓语或谓语的一部分 为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略
表语 答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语省略
宾语 省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语
双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个
主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分 在不引起歧义的情况下为使语言更加简洁、明了可省略
(Ⅰ) beg your pardon.
(我)请您原谅。/请再说一遍。
Some of us study Japanese; others (study) English.
我们中有些人学习日语，有些人(学习)英语。
—Do you know Mr Li?
—I don't know (him)．
——你认识李先生吗？
——我不认识(他)。
She washed (the shirt), ironed (the shirt), and folded the shirt.
她洗了衬衫，并且把它熨好、折叠好。
Sorry, (you've dialed the) wrong number.
对不起，你拨错号了。
[即时演练6]
(1)补全下列句子
①Like a drink?
→Would you like a drink?
②—I'm hungry.
—Are you?
→Are you hungry?
③—Show me your essay.
—I'll show you later.
→I'll show you my essay later.
④He is a student but I a teacher.
→He is a student but I am a teacher.
(2)句型转换
①His father is a doctor and his mother is a nurse.
→His father is a doctor and his mother a nurse.
②John likes collecting stamps but he hates listening to music.
→John likes collecting stamps but hates listening to music.
③Do you have anything else to say?
→Anything else to say?
2．复合句中的省略
(1)主句中的省略
常见于句首或回答问题时，只用从句。
—Why didn't you come to class yesterday?
—(I didn't come to class yesterday) Because I was ill.
——你昨天为什么没来上课？
——(昨天我没来上课)因为我病了。
(2)宾语从句中的省略
在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。
I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.
我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。
(3)状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句谓语中有 be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况：
①在as, before, till, until, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
当(我)正沿街而行时，我听到有人叫我的名字。
②在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中。
Though (they were) tired, they went on working.
虽然(他们)累了，但他们继续工作。
③在if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中。
You shouldn't come to his party unless (you are) invited.
除非你被邀请，否则(你)不应该来参加他的晚会。
④在as, as if, as though等引导的方式状语从句中。
He did as (he was) told.
他按要求去做了。
[名师点津] 在虚拟语气中，常省掉if，从句使用倒装句式。
Were I you (＝If I were you), I should give that guy a good lesson.
如果我是你的话，我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。
(4)定语从句中的省略
①一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who, whom可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。
The man (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.
你昨天见到的那个人病倒了。
The man, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill.
那个人病倒了，你昨天见到他了。
②当先行词是way，且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词可用in which 或that，也可以省略。
The way (in which/that) these comrades treat problems is wrong.
这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。
[即时演练7]
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
(浙江高考改编)There are some health problems that, when not treated (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.
(2)在句中能省略的部分下面画线
①I believe that she will help you and that you will succeed.
②I'll give you all that I have as long as you are happy.
③Whenever it is possible, he will come to my help.
(3)句型转换
①If it is necessary, we shall send a telegram home.
→If necessary, we shall send a telegram home.
②Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don't know who has used it.
→Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don't know who.
③I won't go to the wedding unless I am invited.
→I won't go to the wedding unless invited.
3．动词不定式中的省略
动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况，一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略；二是动词不定式符号to的省略。
(1)省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况
①一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语，如expect, want, hope, wish, love, hate, decide, plan, mean, try, would like, be ready, be afraid, be glad等后，动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分，但保留to。
—Will you go with me?
—Well, I'd like to.
——你愿意和我一起去吗？
——嗯，我愿意(和你一起去)。
②不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to后的动词部分，即用to代替整个不定式。
You'd better finish the job on time if he ordered you to.
如果他命令你，你最好按时完成工作。
[名师点津] 如果该不定式后的动词是be或完成时态，则需在to后加上be或have。
—Are you a lawyer?
—No, but I hope to be.
——你是律师吗？
——不是，但是我希望是。
—Have you been to the West Lake?
—I hope to have.
——你去过西湖吗？
——我希望去过。
(2)省略动词不定式符号to的情况
①动词不定式作感官动词feel, see, notice, watch, find, hear, listen to, observe和使役动词have, make, let等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。
We often hear him sing the song at home.
→He is often heard to sing the song at home.
我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。
②两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and, or, than, but连接时，从第二个不定式起，往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不省略。
She'd like to take off her coat and have a break.
她想脱去外套休息一会儿。
It's more difficult to do than to say.
做比说难。(强调语意前后对比)
③在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。
Why get so excited?
为什么变得那么激动？
[名师点津] but，except作介词，后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，反之则要带to。
She could do nothing but cry.
她除了哭什么也做不了。
He has no choice but to leave.
他别无选择只有离开。
[即时演练8]
(1)单句改错
①They had seen her to grow up from childhood.去掉to
②The teacher came not to punish you but help you. but后加to
③She was made work for ten hours a day. work前加to
④I have no choice except accept his conditions. accept前加to
(2)用适当的词完成省略句
The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京高考改编)If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.
2．While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.
3．By the time she was 18, she had graduated (graduate) from the university.
4．He had hardly finished the test when the bell rang.
5．I will tell (tell) him the news as soon as I see him.
6．I had no sooner gone out than it began to rain.
Ⅱ.把下列句子变成省略句
1．She likes singing and she likes dancing.
→She likes singing and dancing.
2．The man who is sitting by the window is Mr Smith.
→The man sitting by the window is Mr Smith.
3．He could not decide whether to buy the car or not to buy the car.
→He could not decide whether to buy the car or not.
4．When it is heated, the metal expands.
→When heated, the metal expands.
5．Everything is good when it is new, but friends are good when they are old.
→Everything is good when new, but friends when old.
6．He worked hard but his brother did not work hard.
→He worked hard but his brother not.
7．While he was reading the newspaper, grandpa nodded from time to time.
→While reading the newspaper, grandpa nodded from time to time.
Ⅲ.短文改错
With the living standard rises, there is a large amount waste on campus. For example, some students tend to leave the lights on during the day and water run after washing. They also throw away the food what they don't like. So it is highly time we dealt with these problems. Here are what I think we should do：
First of all, we should turn off the lights and the tap before we use them. Secondly, we'd better eating up what we buy in the school cafeteria. More importantly, we should form habit of saving natural resources however we do.
答案：第一句：rises→rising; amount后加of
第二句：run→running
第三句：what→that/which
第四句：highly→high
第五句：are→is
第六句：before→after
第七句：eating→eat
第八句：habit前加a; however→whatever
PAGE
11
Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
[原文呈现][读文清障]
Music Born in Hong Kong
From a region of seven million people has arisen① some of the greatest pop music in the world.② As well as③ attracting huge audiences in its Hong Kong home, Cantopop has spread offshore④， and its stars are known in Beijing, London and New York. Music born in Hong Kong⑤ is booming⑥ .
In most of the world, pop music is a sign of friction⑦ between generations. But Cantopop expresses only harmony⑧ and virtue⑨， and Hong Kong is blessed with⑩ the most conventional? music scene? in the world. The stars don't wear fancy? clothes. The women wear clean blouses? and the men wear pressed? slacks?. They're so neat? and well?behaved? that any mom? would want their kids to watch them?. And the consensus of most people is that the music is very good. But it is ...well, different from anywhere else.
①arise /?'raIz/ v．(arose, arisen)(由……)引起(产生)
②地点状语位于句首，句子用完全倒装。
③as well as也，还 ④offshore /??f'???/ adv.向海，离岸
⑤过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰music。
⑥boom /bu?m/ v．繁荣；兴起；迅速发展
⑦friction /'frIk?n/ n．不合，抵触；摩擦
⑧harmony /'hɑ?m?ni/ n．融洽，一致
⑨virtue /'v??t?u?/ n．美德 ⑩be blessed with有幸
?conventional /k?n'ven?n?l/ adj.按惯例的；因袭的；传统的
?scene n．场所，场地 ?fancy /'f?nsi/ adj.新潮的
?blouse /bla?z/ n．女士宽松短衫，女衬衫
?pressed adj.平整的 ?slacks /sl?ks/ n．宽松长裤，便裤
?neat /ni?t/ adj.整齐的，整洁的
?well?behaved adj.举止好的 ?mom /m?m/ n．妈妈
?so neat and well?behaved ...含有so ...that ...句式，意为“如此……以至于……”。
consensus /k?n'sens?s/ n．共同意见，一致看法，共识
that the music ...是that引导的表语从句。
香港的音乐
[第1～2段译文]
在一个有七百万人口的地区出现了一些世界上最伟大的流行音乐。粤语流行音乐不仅仅吸引了香港本地大批听众，还传到海外各地，粤语流行歌星在北京、伦敦和纽约都非常出名。香港的音乐越来越繁荣。
在世界上的大部分地区，流行音乐是两代人之间产生代沟的象征。但是粤语流行歌曲只表达了融洽与美德，香港有幸成为世界上最传统的音乐基地。明星们不穿新潮的衣服。女士们穿着干净的衬衫，男士们穿着平整的长裤。他们的形象整洁，举止良好，因此每位母亲都喜欢让自己的孩子看他们。大多数人一致认为这种音乐很好。但是它是……噢，不同于其他地方。
Their fans expect regular makeovers. You can't budget for looking good, you just need a blank cheque and a fashion consultant. Singer Kelly Chen changes her image once every three months. But she claims she isn't vain.
As a bonus for their fans, nearly every Cantopop singer also acts in the movies, from Jackie Cheung to Faye Wong. Andy Lau regularly stars in tough guy roles and romantic comedies, and their movie DVDs and VCDs sell worldwide.
Hong Kong stars work hard, and the pace is hot. Some make ten movies a year, others record four CDs as well as keeping to a tight schedule of concerts and TV shows. Last year 20?year?old Nicholas Tse released five albums， and his spokeswoman says that he just has to meet the deadline. Otherwise， he will soon be abandoned by his company and his fans. When new albums come out， the stars are marketed like consumer products, as teenagers spend their allowance on the latest songs. It's far from being a part?time job.
makeover /'meIk???v?/ n．改头换面
budget /'b?d?It/ v．制定预算，按预算来安排开支
cheque /t?ek/ n．支票
consultant /k?n's?lt?nt/ n．顾问
image n．形象 claim v．声明，声称
vain /veIn/ adj.自负的；自视过高的
in vain徒劳，无结果，白白地
bonus /'b??n?s/ n．没有预料到的好事
tough guy 坏小子
DVD/?di?vi?'di?/数码录像光碟
VCD 影音光碟
pace /peIs/ n．速度，进度
at a rapid pace 以很快的速度
keep pace with与……并驾齐驱/步伐一致
as well as此处接动名词。 keep to 遵守，遵从
schedule /'?edju?l/ n．计划表，进度表，日程表
release v．发行 album n．专辑
spokeswoman /'sp??ks?w?m?n/ n．女发言人，女代言人
meet the deadline 赶上截止时间
otherwise /'????waIz/ adv.否则，要不然
abandon v．抛弃，遗弃 come out出版
market v．销售 allowance /?'la??ns/ n．津贴，补助
far from完全不
far from (being) satisfactory远不令人满意；远非满意
part?time /'pɑ?t taIm/ adj.部分时间的，兼职的
full?time全职的，专职的
[第3～5段译文]
歌迷们期望明星们有规律的改变。为了展示良好形象，你不能按预算安排开支，你只需要一张空白支票和一个时尚顾问。歌手陈慧琳每三个月改变一次造型。但她声称她并不自负。
作为给歌迷们的惊喜，基本上所有的粤语歌手都会演电影，从张学友到王菲。刘德华就经常扮演坏小子或者拍浪漫喜剧，他们的电影光碟DVD和VCD在全世界销售。
香港的明星们努力工作，拍片进度也很紧张。一些明星一年拍10部电影，另一些一年录4张唱片，还安排紧凑的演唱会和电视节目。去年，20岁的谢霆锋发行了5张专辑，他的女经纪人说这只是达到了最低线。否则，他很快就会被公司和歌迷遗弃。当新专辑发行的时候，明星们就像消费品一样被宣传，因为青少年用他们的零花钱来买最新问世的歌曲。这可远远不是一项业余工作。
The fans are devoted to their stars. Online they swap information about their super heroes. They yell their names at concerts and beg for autographs. The Kings of Cantopop are Jacky Cheung, Aaron Kwok, Leon Lai, and Andy Lau and their fame is their pension， and they won't quit the concert stage for the rest of their lives. But the new talent isn't far behind. They include Hacken Lee, Andy Hui, Leo Ku, and Edmond Yung. Sammi Cheng easily sells a million albums a year. Their fans find the music clean and refreshing， and the songs are easy to sing in karaoke bars.
Cantopop isn't just a type of pop music but a musical empire. Any music which has millions of fans around the world must be doing something right.
devote /dI'v??t/ v．为……付出时间/努力/金钱等
be devoted to对……专一，专注
swap /sw?p/ v．(＝exchange)交换
swap sth. for sth.用某物交换某物
swap sth. with sb.跟某人交换某物
super /'su?p?/ adj.极好的，了不起的，超级的
yell /jel/ v．叫喊，叫嚷
yell out 叫喊，大嚷大叫 yell at 冲……大喊大叫
beg /beɡ/ v．请求，恳求
beg for 乞求，请求
autograph n．亲笔签名
pension /'pen?n/ n．养老金；退休金；抚恤金
quit /kwIt/ v．离开，辞去
其过去式和过去分词为quit或quitted；现在分词为quitting。
the new talent在此处指“新出现的歌星”。
far behind远远落后
此处是“find＋宾语＋宾补(adj.)”结构。
refreshing /rI'fre?I?/ adj.令人耳目一新的
not just/only ...but(also) ...不仅……而且……
which引导定语从句，修饰any music。
do something right做正义之事，做正确之事
[第6～7段译文]
歌迷们对他们喜爱的明星非常忠实。他们在网上相互交流超级巨星的信息。他们在他们的音乐会上大喊他们的名字并索要亲笔签名。粤语流行歌曲的天王们有张学友、郭富城、黎明和刘德华，他们的名气就是他们的养老金，他们将不会退出音乐舞台度过余生。但是新星也不甘落后，包括李克勤、许志安、古巨基和Edmond Yung。郑秀文一年很轻松地卖掉100万张专辑。歌迷们认为这些音乐纯净、令人耳目一新，很适合在卡拉OK里点唱。
粤语流行歌曲不仅仅是一种流行音乐，也是音乐帝国。任何一种在世界上有上百万歌迷的音乐，必定有它的可取之处。
Step 1 Write down T (for true) or F (for false) according to the text. (Passage on P53)
1．Cantopop has spread all over the world. T
2．Moms think it OK for their kids to watch the performances by Cantopop stars because they are well?behaved. T
3．Some Cantopop stars are abandoned by their companies because they have released too many albums. F
4．Cantopop stars have more fans in Hong Kong than in the mainland. F
5．The writer thinks Cantopop is more than a type of pop music. T
Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the passage. (Passage on P55)
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to Cultural Corner?
A．His large mouth gave Louis Armstrong the nickname Satchmo.
B．Johnson's music has influenced generations of old rock musicians.
C．Woody Guthrie is both a folk singer and a blues one.
D．Guthrie's song was more humourous when he was young.
2．Who died in 1938?
A．Louis Armstrong. B．Robert Johnson.
C．Woody Guthrie. D．Andy Lau.
3．Where was Woody Guthrie born?
A．In New Orleans. B．In Mississippi.
C．In Oklahoma. D．In New York.
4．Who was called the father of rock and roll?
A．Louis Armstrong. B．Woody Guthrie.
C．Robert Johnson. D．Bob Dylan.
5．Why did the parents name their son after Woodrow Wilson?
A．Because Woodrow Wilson was one of the most influential musicians in the history of music.
B．Because Woodrow Wilson wrote very poetic and sad blues songs.
C．Because Woodrow Wilson is known as a pioneer of protest music.
D．Because Woodrow Wilson was elected President in the year when their son was born.
答案：1～5 ABCCD
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.arise v. (由……)引起(产生) 2.offshore adv. 向海，离岸 3.virtue n. 美德 4.consensus n. 共同意见，一致看法，共识 5.cheque n. 支票6.vain adj. 自负的，自视过高的 7.pace n. 速度，进度 8.tight adj. (控制)严格的，严密的 9.schedule n. 计划表，进度表，日程表 10.deadline n. 截止时间，最后期限 11.otherwise adv. 否则，要不然 12.allowance n. 津贴，补助 13.super adj. 极好的，了不起的，超级的 14.yell v. 叫喊，叫嚷 15.quit v. 离开，辞去 16.protest n. 抗议 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.touch v．触动；感动；使动心→touched adj.受感动的→touching adj.感人的，动人的 2.boom v．繁荣；兴起；迅速发展→booming adj.急速发展的 3.harmony n．融洽，一致→harmonious adj.和谐的；和睦的 4.conventional adj.按惯例的；因袭的；传统的→convention n．习俗；习惯 5.consultant n．顾问→consult v．咨询；询问 6.devote v．为……付出时间/努力/金钱等→devotion n．专心；献身；热爱→devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的 7.refreshing adj.令人耳目一新的→refresh v．使恢复精力 8.beg v．请求；恳求→beggar n．乞丐 9.migrant n．移民→migrate v．移居；迁徙→migration n．移居；迁徙 10.humorous adj.幽默的→humor n．幽默 1. refreshing adj.令人耳目一新的[联想] 盘点re?前缀单词 ①recycle v． 回收利用 ②restore v. 恢复；使复原 ③remove v. 拿走，脱掉 ④recharge v. 充电 ⑤reaction n. 反应 ⑥recall v. 回想 2.offshore adv.向海，离岸 [形近] onshore adj.在岸上的，海岸的 3.virtue n．美德 [联想] quality n．品质 4.pace n．速度，进度 [形近] peace adj.和平的，平静的 5.tight adj.(控制)严格的，严密的 [同义] strict adj.严格的(通常用于指对人的行为要求符合规范) 6.schedule n．计划表，进度表，日程表 [比较] timetable n．时间表 (更实际，常指课程表或车、船、航班等的时刻表) 7.otherwise adv.否则，要不然 [同义] or conj.否则 8.part?time adj.部分时间的，兼职的 [反义] full?time adj.全职的 9.harmony n．融洽，一致 [串记] People's life here is full of harmony and at the same time, human and nature make a harmonious picture. 10.devote v．为……付出时间/努力/金钱等 [串记] The educator was devoted to the educational cause of the motherland and we looked up to him as a shining example of devotion to the educational cause.
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.in order 有序地 2.try out 尝试 3.be blessed with 有幸 4.come out 出版 5.far from 完全不 6.be devoted to 对……专一，专注 7.beg for 乞求，请求 8.make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 1.relax your brain 放松你的大脑2.test scores 测验分数 3.take the test 参加考试 4.do some revision 复习 5.fall asleep 睡着 6.meet the deadline 到最后期限 7.at the age of 13 在13岁时 8.even so 尽管如此
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.It was the first time I'd heard this kind of music. 这是我第一次听到这种类型的音乐。 It was the first time that sb. had done sth.“某人第一次做某事”为固定句型，that可省略。 It was the first time they had ridden in a train. 那是他们第一次坐火车。
2.In my case, when I'm trying to concentrate and get an essay written or do some revision, I listen to some music ... 以我为例，当我试图集中精力去写文章或复习时，我就听一些音乐…… get an essay written是get sth.done结构，表示“使某事被做”或“让别人做某事”。 He wants to get his performance seen by more people. 他想让更多的人看到他的表演。
3.From a region of seven million people has arisen some of the greatest pop music in the world. 在一个有七百万人口的地区出现了一些世界上最伟大的流行音乐。 介词短语位于句首，句子用全部倒装。 Under that tree sits a beautiful girl, who is dressed in white. 树下坐着一个漂亮的女孩，她穿着白色的衣服。
1．(教材P48)The Song That Touched My Heart
触动我心灵的歌曲
?touch v．触动；感动；使动心；接触，触摸n.触摸，碰；联系
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
get in touch with 与……取得联系
lose touch with 与……失去联系
out of touch 不联系，不接触
be touched by 被……所打动
①Wherever you go, keep in touch with me, please.
无论你去哪里，请与我保持联络。
②He asked for my address and said that he didn't want to lose touch with me.
他要了我的地址并说他不想和我失去联系。
③They have been out of touch with each other since their graduation from college.
大学毕业之后，他们就失去联系了。
2．(教材P52)But if I'm listening to loud music or rap or rock, my handwriting starts getting very bad and my thoughts don't stay in order.
但是如果我听大声的音乐或说唱乐或摇滚乐，我的字迹会变得潦草而且思绪混乱。
?in order按顺序；有序地；整齐
in order of 按……的顺序
in good order 秩序井然
out of order 次序错误的；发生故障的
put/keep ... in order 使……井然有序
in order to 为了……起见；以便
in order that 为了；目的在于……
①We must keep everything in the room in order.
我们必须使房间里的一切东西井然有序。
②The teacher placed the children in order of height.
老师按照学生个子的高矮把他们排好队。
③Please keep your things together. They are not in good order.
请把你的东西收拾在一起，太乱了。
3．(教材P52)The teacher told us that she would try out the theory and play us some classical music before the next test and see if we get better test scores!
老师告诉我们她会尝试一下这个理论，在下次考试前为我们播放一些古典音乐，看我们的成绩是否会提高！
?try out 尝试；试验
try out for 参加……的选拔
try on 试穿
try for 力图获得
try one's best to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事
try one's luck/fortune 碰运气
①In these cases, I want to try out the experience.
在这些情况下，我想去亲自体验一下。
②His brother's example inspired him to try out for the football team.
他哥哥的榜样激励他去接受足球队的选拔测试。
③In one word, we must try our best to do the job.
总而言之，我们必须尽力去做这项工作。
4．(教材P53)From a region of seven million people has arisen some of the greatest pop music in the world.
在一个有七百万人口的地区出现了一些世界上最伟大的流行音乐。
?arise v．(由……)引起(产生)；发生，出现；起因于；起床；起身
arise from/out of 起因于
①I arose from the chair to answer the doorbell.
我从椅子里站起来去开门。
②The country's present difficulties arise from the reduced value of its money.
该国目前的困难起因于其货币的贬值。
[辨析比较] arise, arouse, rise, raise
原形 词性、词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
arise vi.出现；发生；(由……)引起(产生)；起身；起床 arose arisen arising
arouse vt.唤醒；激起 aroused aroused arousing
rise vi.升起；起身；增长； 上升 rose risen rising
raise vt.举起；抚养；提高； 饲养 raised raised raising
选用上述单词填空
③House prices are likely to go on rising this season.
④The story of the homeless orphan has aroused sympathy from the public.
⑤The wind arose and raised the fallen leaves from the ground.
5．(教材P53)But Cantopop expresses only harmony and virtue, and Hong Kong is blessed with the most conventional music scene in the world.
但是粤语流行音乐只表达了融洽与美德，香港有幸成为世界上最传统的音乐基地。
?harmony n．融洽，一致
(1)in harmony with 与……融洽；与……一致
out of harmony with 与……不协调；与……不一致
(2)harmonious adj. 和谐的，融洽的，协调的，悦耳的
①We must ensure that industry develops in harmony with the environment.
我们必须确保工业与环境和谐发展。
②The piano was out of harmony with the rest of the instruments.
钢琴弹得与其他乐器不协调。
③We are trying to form a harmonious (harmony) society to meet people's need.
我们正在构建和谐社会来满足人们的需要。
6．(教材P53)Otherwise, he will soon be abandoned by his company and his fans.
否则，他很快就会被公司和他的歌迷遗弃。
?otherwise
(1)adv.& conj.否则，要不然(相当于or, or else)
①I've got to leave a bit early, otherwise I'll miss the train.
我得早点离开，不然就赶不上火车了。
②—Do you have Betty's phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn't have been able to reach her yesterday.(2017·天津高考)
——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？
——有。不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。
[名师点津] otherwise可以表示否定的条件，当表示假想或与事实相反的条件时，otherwise后的句子要用虚拟语气。和现在事实相反用would/could/might＋动词原形；和过去事实相反用would/could/might＋have done。
(2)adv.除此以外；在其他方面；不同地
③The rent is a bit high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory.
这所房子租金贵了点，但在其他方面倒是令人满意的。
and otherwise 等等
or otherwise 相反
④We will get there somehow, by train or otherwise.
不论是搭火车或用其他方式，我们总会到达那里的。
7．(教材P53)When new albums come out, the stars are marketed like consumer products, as teenagers spend their allowance on the latest songs.
当新专辑发行的时候，明星们就像消费品一样被宣传，因为青少年用他们的零花钱来买最新问世的歌曲。
?come out
(1)出版，发行(不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态)
①When will his new novel come out?
他的新小说什么时候出版？
(2)(消息、真相等)被知道，为人所知
②When the news came out, everyone was shocked.
得知这个消息时，人人都感到震惊。
(3)露出；(太阳、月亮)出现；(花)开
③It's wonderful to watch the stars come out at night!
看星星出现在夜空中真是美妙啊！
come about 发生；产生(常与how连用)
come across 偶遇，碰上；被理解
come to 苏醒；达到；被想出；共计
come up 破土而出；被提出(不用于被动语态)
come up with 想出(主意)，提出(方案)
④How did it come about that he knew where we were?
他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？
⑤I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。
⑥My assistants have come up with a very good plan.
我的助手提出了一个非常好的计划。
8．(教材P53)It's far from being a part?time job.
这可远远不是一份业余工作。
?far from完全不；远非；离……远
as far as 远到；至于；就……而言
as far as I'm concerned 就我而言
by far…… 得多；尤其；显然
so far 到目前为止
far from it 完全相反，绝非，远非如此
①Far from taking my advice, he went and did just what I warned him against.
他非但不接受我的劝告，反而去做了我告诫他不要做的事。
②As far as I'm concerned, I think sports are good for you.
就我来说，我认为体育运动对你有好处。
③No agreement has been reached between them so far.
到现在为止，他们之间还没达成协议。
9．(教材P53)The fans are devoted to their stars.
歌迷们对他们喜爱的明星非常忠实。
?devote vt.为……付出时间/努力/金钱等
(1)devote oneself/one's life/money/energy to (doing) ...
把自己/一生/金钱/精力奉献给(用于)……
(2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠实的
be devoted to 忠实于，专心致力于
(3)devotion n. 深爱；忠诚；奉献
①I don't think we should devote any more time to this question.
我认为我们在这个问题上不应当花费更多的时间了。②Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping (help) others rebuild.(2016·北京高考)
邻居们贡献出他们的空闲时间去帮助其他人重建(房子)。
③He recalled her devotion (devote) to her husband during his hour of need.
他回忆起她在她的丈夫困难之时的忠贞奉献。
[语境串记] Mrs White, a devoted friend of mine, devoted all her energy to her career and her devotion to children made us vote for her.Finally, she was promoted to headmistress.
怀特夫人，我的一位忠实的朋友，把所有的精力都献给了她的事业，她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她。最终她被提升为校长。
[联想发散] 含有介词to的动词短语还有：
①object to 反对
②pay attention to 注意
③get down to 开始做
④lead to 导致
⑤look forward to 盼望着
⑥stick to 坚持
⑦be used to 习惯于
10．(教材P55)I wanted black music to make an impression on white audiences and we got some great blues, jazz and gospel artists — and Robert Johnson was the greatest.
我想使黑人音乐给白人听众留下印象。我们也有一些布鲁斯音乐、爵士音乐和福音音乐方面了不起的艺术家——罗伯特·约翰逊就是其中最伟大的。
?make an impression on sb.给某人留下印象(其中的make可换为leave)
(1)first impression 第一印象
(2)impress v. 使留下深刻印象
be impressed with/by ... 被……留下印象
impress sth. on sb.＝impress on sb. sth.
使某人了解某事的重要性
(3)impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的
①I am sure the film made an impression on everybody who saw it.
我敢肯定，这部影片给每个观众都留下了深刻的印象。
②The audience was impressed with/by his profound lecture.
听众对他意义深远的演讲印象深刻。
③This is the most impressive (impress) architecture I've seen on this trip.
这是我此次旅行见到的最令人难忘的建筑。
1．It was the first time I'd heard this kind of music.
这是我第一次听到这种类型的音乐。
本句中It was the first time that sb. had done sth.为固定句型。若前面用was，则that从句中用过去完成时态。如果前面是is，that从句则应用现在完成时。其中it可换为this/that，后面的that可省去。
①It is the first time that she has been in China.
这是她第一次在中国。
②It was the second time this week that plane crashes had happened (happen)．
这是本周发生的第二次飞机坠毁事件。
(1)the first time “首次；第一次”。常引导时间状语从句，其重点不是讲第一次做什么，而是说明另一动作或情况；也可以作表语，强调到说话为止某一情况或动作的次数。
(2)for the first time “首次；第一次”。表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事，在句中一般单独作状语。
③The two girl students talked for the first time at the beginning of the term.
这两位女生开学初首次交谈。
④I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.
第一次见到她，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。
2.In my case, when I'm trying to concentrate and get an essay written or do some revision, I listen to some music, because without it, it's too quiet and I would fall asleep.
以我为例，当我试图集中精力去写文章或复习时，我就听一些音乐，因为没有音乐就太安静了，我会睡着的。
(1) get an essay written是get sth.done结构，表示“使某事被做”或“让别人做某事”。
①I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.
我得把盘子洗了，然后就来。
②I must get the television fixed (fix)．
我必须请人修理一下这台电视机。
(2)“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构的用法如下：
③Can you get the machine running (run)?
你能把这机器发动起来吗？
④Where are you going to get/have your hair cut (cut)?
你打算到哪里去理发？
⑤I got someone to repair (repair) my bike.
我让人修理我的自行车。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I'll get in touch with him and call you back later.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important.
3．When we have harmony within ourselves, we live in harmony with all others.
4．So far we have done a lot to build a low?carbon economy，but it is far from ideal.We still have to work harder.
5．Devoted (devote) to his scientific work, he has no time to care for his family affairs.
6．His illness arose out of overtiredness and lack of sleep.
7．I got him to help (help) me when I did the repair.
8．Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one will come out next month.
9．The method seems good but it needs to be tried out.
10．Was this the first time that you had visited (visit) the Great Wall?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is the first time that I have been invited to attend such an important meeting.
这是我第一次被邀请参加这么重要的会议。
2．He put his papers in order before he left the office.
离开办公室前，他把文件整理好。
3．When did the Asian Games come into being?
亚运会是什么时候诞生的？
4．We must run, otherwise we'll be late for the film.
我们得跑着去，要不然就赶不上看电影了。
5．I was called after my father's name.
我被以我父亲之名来命名。
6．It is far from clear how he can finish the task.
他完全不清楚该如何完成这项任务。
7．He has been devoted to the study of atomic energy ever since he graduated from the university.
自从他大学毕业后，他一直投身于原子能的研究。
8．Frank made a good impression on the manager, so he gave him the job.
弗兰克给经理留下了好印象，因此经理给了他这个工作。
9．We determined to get the work done before May Day.
我们决定在五一之前把工作做完。
10．As is known, mobile phones make it possible for people to get in touch with each other conveniently.
众所周知，移动电话使人们能够方便地相互联系对方。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Harmonious (和谐的) society's tomorrow will be able to be better!
2．Truthfulness is the foundation of all human virtues (美德).
3．Judging from his letters, he seems to have quitted/quit(辞去) his job.
4．I love sailing on the lake. It's so refreshing (令人耳目一新的) to feel the wind in my hair and water on my face.
5．His humorous (幽默的) remark lightened the tense atmosphere.
6．We have learned a great deal from her devotion (忠实) to her work and to her readiness to help others.
7．The children who have been encouraged by their parents to take a part?time (业余的) job will have more self?confidence.
8．I know you have a tight schedule (日程), so I won't take up more of your time.
9．We looked to him to settle most of the troubles that arose(产生) among us.
10．I've got to leave a bit early, otherwise (否则) I'll miss the train.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．We have been cleaning up the new house for a whole week, and now everything here is in the order.去掉第二个the
2．Most of his spare time devoted to translating those works. devoted前加was
3．Unluckily the astronauts lost in touch with the scientists on earth.去掉in
4．Emotional or mental problems can arise a physical cause.arise后加from
5．A pocket edition of the dictionary will be come out soon. 去掉be
6．Impressed by the brilliance of his speech, I want to try my best help the children.help前加to
7．It is the first time that she had lived independently. had→has
8．These teams are going to try out the Olympic Games.out后加for
Ⅲ.选词填空
in order， try out， be blessed with， come out， beg for， far from， be devoted to， make an impression on
1．Bill, wanting to make an impression on Ann, took her to a restaurant.
2．He went to his neighbour to beg for some milk to feed the motherless baby.
3．This year the government said that more resources will be devoted to education.
4．He was far from being satisfied with the way the things were done.
5．His book on English learning will come out next month.
6．You ought to try out that radio before you buy it.
7．The names are arranged in order.
8．When I graduated from high school, I was blessed with the opportunity to be the first person in my family to attend college.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I appreciate the professor's new approach to teaching (teach) languages.
2．For this job you need a lot of patience; likewise you need a sense of humour (humorous)．
3．Bored (bore) with that urban life because of its crowds and pollution, many people want to live in the country.
4．Howard has declined to come (come) and in that case we can ask somebody else.
5．Men still have an advantage over women when hunting for certain jobs.
6．Many great men have arisen (arise) from humble beginnings.
7．Tom stuck to his decision and quit/quitted (quit) his job.
8．It has been five years since she went abroad.
9．When seeing (see) that, I was almost moved to tears.
10．This is the first time I have traveled (travel) to China.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I'd rather ride a bicycle to go to work rather than take a bus (而不是乘公交车)．
2.We keep in touch with him (与他保持联系) on QQ after graduation.
3．Please remember to put the books in order (把书整理好) before leaving the room.
4．Every means has been tried out (已被尝试). No one is effective.
5．The stars came out (出来，出现) as soon as darkness fell.
6．The house isn't big enough for me, and furthermore, it's too far from the town (离城镇远)．
7．I was deeply impressed by (被……留下深刻的印象) what I saw and heard during this visit.
8．The two bottles stood side by side on the table (并排放在桌上)．
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The crowd cheered and cheered. The man with the horn waved and smiled his great, happy smile.“More! More！” cried the crowd. And Louis Armstrong took his horn and began to play again. Here he was in England. Now as a famous man, he was rich. He knew many important people. Wherever he went, people knew his name. They wanted to hear his music. As Louis played the sad, slow songs, he thought of his home in New Orleans. He lived there as a boy. How many years ago was it? It was a busy, exciting city.
But Louis' family was very poor. He went to work to help his mother. He also went to school. One of Louis' teachers asked him to be in the school band.“This horn is yours until you leave our school，” his teacher said. Louis' music was jazz and he loved it. He remembered all the music he heard. He didn't learn to read music until he was a man.
When he left school, he played in many bands. He loved his work and people loved him. They knew he had a wonderful talent. Louis played on the boats that sailed up and down the river. He played in little towns and in big cities. Louis's horn had as many sounds as ten horns — sometimes slow and sweet; sometimes fast and hot, high and low. His music was always strong and exciting.“He does make wonderful music，” said the man who listened happily.“Yes，” said another man，“he makes that horn speak.” Then the music ended and the crowd cheered. Louis Armstrong spoke with tears in his eyes，“I think, my friends, you can listen to as much jazz as I can play. I thought jazz was my music, but now I understand it is ours. Isn't it beautiful how music brings us together？”
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了音乐家路易斯·阿姆斯特朗和他的乐器。
1．What music did Armstrong play?
A．Jazz music. B．Classical music.
C．Rock music. D．Pop music.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Louis' music was jazz and he loved it.”可知他演奏的是爵士乐。
2．When did he learn to read music?
A．When he was less than 14 years old.
B．When he was in the school band.
C．After he became a grown?up.
D．After he went to school.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“He didn't learn to read music until he was a man.”可知直到成年他才会识乐谱。
3．What was Louis Armstrong most famous for?
A．His great happy smile.
B．His sad and slow songs.
C．His wonderful jazz music.
D．His beautiful speech.
解析：选C 细节理解题。综观全文可知，路易斯是以爵士乐而出名的。
4．Which of the following is the best title for this text?
A．Musician
B．A Beautiful Horn
C．Sweet Smiles
D．The Man with the Horn
解析：选D 标题归纳题。根据本文主题以及第一段中的“The man with the horn waved and smiled his great, happy smile.”和第二段中的“...he makes that horn speak.”可知本文主要突出了音乐家和他的乐器，故D项正确。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Hot peppers are widely seen in food around the world.People love the taste 1 hot peppers.But do you know another reason 2 hot peppers are popular worldwide？You may not have heard about it — hot peppers actually make food safer to eat.
When food is kept in warm weather, germs on the food start to grow quickly.If people eat the food with too many of these germs, they are at risk of 3 (get) sick.The cold temperature inside a refrigerator 4 (stop) most germs from growing.That's why most people today rely on refrigerators to keep their food fresh.But long ago, refrigerators were not 5 (use)．Hot peppers were.It turns out that the chemicals in hot peppers can slow or stop the 6 (grow) of germs.
Before refrigerators became popular, people living in most hot parts of the world developed a taste for spicy (辣的) food.The people who first added hot peppers to their food 7 (probable) had no idea that hot peppers were so 8 (benefit)．They just liked the taste.But people who ate the spicy food tended to get sick less often.As 9 result, these people would be more likely 10 (introduce) hot peppers to others.This led to the increasing population of hot pepper lovers.
语篇解读：人们很喜欢吃辣椒，因为辣椒可以让食物变得更美味。可你知道辣椒其实还可以让我们的食物更安全吗？
1．of 这里是指辣椒的味道，故填表示所属关系的介词of。
2．why 这里用why引导的定语从句表示“你知道辣椒在全世界都很受欢迎的原因吗？”
3．getting at risk of doing sth.意为“有……的风险”。
4．stops 主语the cold temperature为单数，并且这句话描述了一个一般性的事实，故填stop的一般现在时单数第三人称形式。
5．used refrigerators与use为被动关系，需用被动语态，故填used。
6．growth 定冠词the后需填名词，表示细菌的生长，故填grow的名词形式growth。
7．probably 需用副词修饰动词，故填probably。
8．beneficial 此处用形容词作表语，beneficial意为“有益的”。
9．a as a result固定短语，表示“作为……的结果，因此”。
10．to introduce be likely to do sth.表示“有可能做某事”。
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Section Ⅴ Writing — 关学习习惯的文章
本模块写作要求写一篇有关学习习惯方面的文章。这样的文章属于议论性文章。
一、写作要领
首先，确定写作要点：学习习惯；然后，确定文章主体时态和人称；最后，确定文章的结构层次、语言的斟酌、推敲，论据、论证要明确有力，原则上从正反两方面论述；发表自己的意见。注意句型、特殊结构或高级词汇及其短语的使用，正确运用逻辑词语。
二、增分佳句
1．There are different opinions among people as to ... Some people suggest that ...
2．On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ... At the same time, they say ...
3.It makes us fall into the habit of ...
4．It is harmful for us to form the habit of ...
5．... can help us set up our aim ...
6．As far as I'm concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that ...
[题目要求]
假定你是某中学学生李华。现在很多同学有让家长陪读的习惯，你班组织同学们就此事展开讨论。请你根据下表所列情况给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论的情况。
70%的同学认为 30%的同学认为
1.父母不应该陪读； 2.父母陪读让我们养成依赖的习惯，不利于我们将来自控能力的培养，更不利于我们培养良好的学习习惯； 3.父母陪读影响了他们的工作、学习和休息。 1.父母应该陪读；2.父母陪读能使我们腾出更多的时间专心学习，使我们身体更健康； 3.父母陪读能帮助我们确立学习目标，督促我们完成学习任务，鼓励我们独立解决困难，培养我们良好的学习习惯。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．格式和首段已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear editor，
I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether our parents should accompany us studying at school.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为一篇议论文；
2．确定人称：主要人称为第一、三人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一步：点出给报社写信的目的——介绍父母是否应该陪我们一起上学的讨论。
第二步：对否定看法进行介绍。
第三步：对肯定看法进行介绍。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．dependence 依赖
2．urge 督促
3．form/fall into the habit of 养成……的习惯
4．take advantage of 利用
5．on the other hand 另一方面
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．我们大多数人认为父母不应该在学校陪读。陪读使我们陷入依赖的习惯。我们将不能养成良好的学习习惯。
Most of us think our parents should not accompany us studying at school.It makes us fall into the habit of dependence.We won't form the good habit of studying.
2．它对我们养成自我控制的习惯是有害的。
It is harmful for us.It can't make us form the habit of controlling ourselves.
3．然而大约30%的同学认为有必要在校陪读。
While about 30% of my classmates think it necessary to accompany us studying at school.
4．陪读可以让我们利用更多的时间专心学习。
Accompanying us studying at school can let us take advantage of more time.We can be devoted to our studies.
5．另一方面，我们的父母可以帮助我们确立我们的目标，督促我们完成我们的任务，鼓励我们克服困难，让我们养成良好的学习习惯。
On the other hand, our parents can help us set up our aim, urge us to finish our task, encourage us to overcome difficulties and get us into the good habit of studying.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用since引导原因状语和so that引导结果状语改写句1
Most of us think our parents should not accompany us studying at school since it makes us fall into the habit of dependence, so that we won't form the good habit of studying.
2．用it 作形式主语改写句2
It is harmful for us to form the habit of controlling ourselves.
3．用不定式作目的状语改写句4
Accompanying us studying at school can let us take advantage of more time to be devoted to our studies.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Dear editor，
I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether our parents should accompany us studying at school.
We haven't reached consensus on this matter.Most of us think our parents should not accompany us studying at school since it makes us fall into the habit of dependence, so that we won't form the good habit of studying.What's more, it is harmful for us to form the habit of controlling ourselves.At the same time it affects our parents' work and rest.
While about 30% of my classmates think it necessary to accompany us studying at school.Accompanying us studying at school can let us take advantage of more time to be devoted to our studies.Besides, we shall be healthier for their cooking.On the other hand, our parents can help us set up our aim, urge us to finish our task, encourage us to overcome difficulties and get us into the good habit of studying.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
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单元加餐练（一） 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 1 the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent 2 of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 3 ， or by whom. But it began to be 4 in the early 1900s. Jazz is an American contribution to 5 music.
In contrast to classical music, which 6 formal European traditions, jazz is a spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, 7 the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s, jazz 8 like America, 9 it does today. The 10 of this music are as interesting as the music 11 . American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz 12 . They were brought to southern states 13 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long 14 .
When a Negro died, his friends and relatives 15 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the 16 . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 17 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their 18 ， but the living were glad to be alive. The band played 19 music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 20 at the funeral. That music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了美国爵士乐的相关情况。
1．A.By B．At
C．In D．On
解析：选B 这里at the turn of the century表示的是在“世纪初”这一具体时间。
2．A.music B．song
C．melody D．style
解析：选D 根据上文所说的大多数国家都有自己的音乐风格(style)，可知后面也应该是风格，故选style。
3．A.discovered B．acted
C．invented D．designed
解析：选C 本句意为“没有人确切地知道爵士乐是什么时候发明的或由谁发明的”。discover意为“发现”；act意为“行动，扮演”；invent意为“发明”；design意为“设计”。故选C。
4．A.noticed B．found
C．listened D．heard
解析：选D 这里是说爵士乐被听到，所以用heard。listen的意思是“听”，而且须接介词to，A、B两项与语境不符。
5．A.classical B．sacred
C．popular D．light
解析：选C popular music指“流行音乐”，与classical music(古典音乐)相对。爵士乐(jazz)是流行音乐的一种，故选C。
6．A.forms B．follows
C．approaches D．introduces
解析：选B 此处意为“古典音乐遵循正规的欧洲传统”。form意为“形成”；follow意为“遵循”；approach意为“接近，靠近”；introduce意为“引进，介绍”。
7．A.expressing B．explaining
C．exposing D．illustrating
解析：选A express意为“表达”，与后面的宾语moods(情绪)、interests(爱好)以及emotions(感情)相搭配。explain意为“解释，说明”；expose意为“揭露，使暴露”；illustrate意为“阐明”。
8．A.appeared B．felt
C．seemed D．sounded
解析：选D 此处意为“在20世纪20年代，爵士乐听起来像是美国风格”。只有sound有“听起来”的意思，其他三个词都无此意。
9．A.as B．so
C．either D．neither
解析：选A 此处意为“就像爵士乐今天的样子”。as意为“正如，就像”，后面接一个句子。
10．A.origins B．originals
C．discoveries D．resources
解析：选A 此处意为“爵士乐的起源”。origin意为“起源，起始”；original意为“原作，原件”；discovery意为“发现”；resource意为“资源”。故选A。
11．A.himself B．itself
C．themselves D．oneself
解析：选B 本句意为“这种音乐的起源和音乐本身一样有趣”。故此处应选择反身代词itself。
12．A.players B．followers
C．fans D．pioneers
解析：选D 本句意为“美国的黑人是爵士乐的先锋”。player意为“演奏者”；follower意为“追随者”；fan意为“(爵士乐)迷”；pioneer意为“先锋，开拓者”。
13．A.for B．as
C．with D．by
解析：选B 本句意为“他们被作为奴隶带到南部各州”。只有介词as意为“作为”，符合此意。
14．A.months B．weeks
C．hours D．times
解析：选C 本句意为“他们被卖给南方种植园主们而且被迫长时间劳动”。long一般不与month和week搭配；hour此处指工作时间；time此处指次数或倍数，当一段时间讲时是不可数名词，故选C。
15．A.demonstrated B．composed
C．hosted D．formed
解析：选D demonstrate意为“论证，说明，示威”；compose意为“组成，构成(一个整体)”；host意为“款待，主持”；form与procession搭配，意为“形成队列”。故选D。
16．A.demonstration B．procession
C．body D．march
解析：选B 上句提到形成队列，此处意为“这样的队列经常伴有一支乐队”，故选上文提到的procession。
17．A.Even B．Therefore
C．Furthermore D．But
解析：选D 上句说在去墓地的路上，乐队演奏缓慢的、庄重的音乐以便和悲痛的场合相配合。而本句说在回来的路上，情绪变了。所以这两句之间应该是转折关系。故选D。
18．A.number B．members
C．body D．relations
解析：选D 本句意为“死神已经夺走了他们的一个亲人，但活着的人高兴他们还活着”。relation意为“亲戚”。并与前面的“friends and relatives”相照应。故选D。
19．A.sad B．solemn
C．happy D．funeral
解析：选C 这里选择happy，以便和上文中提到的slow和solemn相对应。
20．A.whistled B．sung
C．presented D．showed
解析：选C whistle意为“吹口哨”；sing意为“唱”；present意为“表现，展现”；show意为“展示”。只有present才能和“the harmony and the melody”相搭配。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Listening to music is considered a good thing for adults. Indeed it is. Scientific studies have proven it. Music has so many good effects on our body, mind and mood that this world will certainly not be a good place without music. Then, is music good for children? Some parents think so and let their children learn or listen to music. But some parents don't know the importance of music to children. Here are some reasons why music is important to children.
First, music is good for children's intelligence. Studies have proved that children who learn music are likely to have higher intelligence than those who have no interest in or dislike music. This is because the brain gets stimulated (刺激) by the rhythm and tone of music.
Music also has soothing (抚慰的) effect on children and helps remove their stress. Today's children are under a lot of stress from schoolwork. Being under too much stress impairs children's health. Luckily, listening to music can help them feel better.
Music can improve children's moods. Some children are sad by nature. They seem to be lost in their own thoughts and don't take interest in their surroundings. In such cases, a method known as “music therapy” comes to their rescue. It changes their moods and places a new kind of spirit in them.
Music is also a universal language that children ought to learn. Our world has become a global village. People are getting more and more interested in other cultures and countries. Music can help them in understanding foreign cultures.
Now we can say that music is very important not only to adults but also to children. So children should be encouraged to learn music or listen to music.
语篇解读：小孩接触音乐对他们很有好处，父母应该多让小孩接触音乐。
1．By mentioning scientific studies in Paragraph 1, the author wants to show .
A．why adults should listen to music
B．children should listen to music
C．listening to music is only good for adults
D．why scientists are interested in music
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Listening to music is considered a good thing for adults. Indeed it is. Scientific studies have proven it.”可知，作者是为了表明听音乐对成人有益处，也就是为什么成人应该听音乐。
2．What does the underlined word “impairs” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Harms. B．Changes.
C．Improves. D．Shows.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Luckily, listening to music can help them feel better.”可知，画线词所在的句子是指“太多压力会‘伤害’孩子的健康”。
3．The last but second paragraph shows that listening to music means .
A．learning languages better
B．understanding foreign cultures better
C．accepting the fast developing world easily
D．showing greater interest in other cultures
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Music can help them in understanding foreign cultures.”可知，听音乐可以帮助更好地理解外国的文化。
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Why do Children Love Music?
B．How to Choose Music for Children
C．How to Teach Children Music Easily
D．Why is Music Important to Children?
解析：选D 标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲为什么音乐对小孩很重要。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
We high school students do have some growing pains, but we can get rid of them 1 (correct) and wisely. 2 (one), some of us are upset 3 our body styles and looks. It's unnecessary and it's not important at all. We needn't care about it. It is one's inner beauty that matters. Second, we sometimes seem to 4 (misunderstand) by our teachers, parents and classmates. 5 (face) with this, we can find a proper time to have a heart?to?heart talk with them, trying 6 (remove) the misunderstanding. Some of us have fewer friends. I think being open?minded and friendly will do you good. Third, we may fall behind others, 7 makes us stressed. Actually we can encourage 8 (our) to work efficiently, full of 9 (determine). At last, some of us don't have much pocket money, so we feel unhappy. Isn't it strange? So long as we have some, that's enough. And we can learn 10 to spend money.
答案：1.correctly 2.First 3.about 4.be misunderstood
5．Faced 6.to remove 7.which 8.ourselves 9.determination 10.how
Ⅱ.短文改错
One morning when I was visited an art museum, I heard a woman talk non?stop to the man with her. I became annoying quickly because I wanted to look at the paintings without being disturbed. So I went to the another corner and looked at the paintings there. About an hour later, if I saw them again, the woman was still talking non?stop. I want to go to the woman to advise her to keep silence. However, when I got close them, I changed my mind. I found that the men was blind. He couldn't see something. So he had to look at the paintings through the woman's eyes.
答案：第一句：visited→visiting; talk→talking
第二句：annoying→annoyed
第三句：去掉第一个the
第四句：if→when
第五句：want→wanted; silence→silent
第六句：close后加to
第七句：men→man
第八句：something→anything
Ⅲ.书面表达
请你以“My favorite singer”为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文，内容包括：
1．个人简介；
2．主要经历；
3．主要作品及特点。
参考范文：
My favorite singer
Huang Jiaju, my favorite star, is a late Hong Kong musician and singer, who is best known as the leader and co?founder of the rock band Beyond.
When he was a teenager, he showed great interest in western music.At seventeen, he began to learn playing the guitar by himself.In 1983, he formed the band Beyond with his partners.As a brilliant musician, he wrote many popular songs like Mother Land, True Loving, and Glorious Days.All of these songs have become classics.
In his songs, apart from calling on peace and focusing on the destiny of his nation, he also condemned war.
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Module 4 Music Born in America
单元小结
Tom tried out special approaches and techniques to touch fans' heart. But recently fans were a bit bored with Tom's songs and the number of them was in decline rather than on the increase. He didn't know what problems had arisen. Tom was disappointed but it was in vain. So he decided to quit singing. He was blessed with a talent for writing and was devoted to it. When his first book came out, many people bought it. His humorous language made a deep impression on the readers, which was far from his expectation. At the same time, Tom took advantage of a new kind of music, making his singing boom. And he was more and more in harmony with her fans. You cannot beg for success, otherwise you will never succeed.
汤姆尝试了许多独特的方法和技巧去打动歌迷们的心。但最近歌迷们有点讨厌汤姆的歌曲，歌迷们的数量在减少而不是上升。他不知道出现了什么问题。汤姆很失望，但是徒劳无益。于是他决定放弃演唱。汤姆有幸有写作天赋，他专注于写书。当他的第一本书出版时，很多人购买。他幽默的语言给读者留下了深刻的印象，这远远超出了他的预期。与此同时，汤姆利用一种新风格的音乐使他的演唱事业迅速发展起来，而且他和歌迷们的关系越来越融洽。你不能乞求成功，否则你永远不会成功。
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 1 the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent 2 of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 3 ， or by whom. But it began to be 4 in the early 1900s. Jazz is an American contribution to 5 music.
In contrast to classical music, which 6 formal European traditions, jazz is a spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, 7 the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s, jazz 8 like America, 9 it does today. The 10 of this music are as interesting as the music 11 . American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz 12 . They were brought to southern states 13 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long 14 .
When a Negro died, his friends and relatives 15 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the 16 . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 17 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their 18 ， but the living were glad to be alive. The band played 19 music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 20 at the funeral. That music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了美国爵士乐的相关情况。
1．A.By B．At
C．In D．On
解析：选B 这里at the turn of the century表示的是在“世纪初”这一具体时间。
2．A.music B．song
C．melody D．style
解析：选D 根据上文所说的大多数国家都有自己的音乐风格(style)，可知后面也应该是风格，故选style。
3．A.discovered B．acted
C．invented D．designed
解析：选C 本句意为“没有人确切地知道爵士乐是什么时候发明的或由谁发明的”。discover意为“发现”；act意为“行动，扮演”；invent意为“发明”；design意为“设计”。故选C。
4．A.noticed B．found
C．listened D．heard
解析：选D 这里是说爵士乐被听到，所以用heard。listen的意思是“听”，而且须接介词to，A、B两项与语境不符。
5．A.classical B．sacred
C．popular D．light
解析：选C popular music指“流行音乐”，与classical music(古典音乐)相对。爵士乐(jazz)是流行音乐的一种，故选C。
6．A.forms B．follows
C．approaches D．introduces
解析：选B 此处意为“古典音乐遵循正规的欧洲传统”。form意为“形成”；follow意为“遵循”；approach意为“接近，靠近”；introduce意为“引进，介绍”。
7．A.expressing B．explaining
C．exposing D．illustrating
解析：选A express意为“表达”，与后面的宾语moods(情绪)、interests(爱好)以及emotions(感情)相搭配。explain意为“解释，说明”；expose意为“揭露，使暴露”；illustrate意为“阐明”。
8．A.appeared B．felt
C．seemed D．sounded
解析：选D 此处意为“在20世纪20年代，爵士乐听起来像是美国风格”。只有sound有“听起来”的意思，其他三个词都无此意。
9．A.as B．so
C．either D．neither
解析：选A 此处意为“就像爵士乐今天的样子”。as意为“正如，就像”，后面接一个句子。
10．A.origins B．originals
C．discoveries D．resources
解析：选A 此处意为“爵士乐的起源”。origin意为“起源，起始”；original意为“原作，原件”；discovery意为“发现”；resource意为“资源”。故选A。
11．A.himself B．itself
C．themselves D．oneself
解析：选B 本句意为“这种音乐的起源和音乐本身一样有趣”。故此处应选择反身代词itself。
12．A.players B．followers
C．fans D．pioneers
解析：选D 本句意为“美国的黑人是爵士乐的先锋”。player意为“演奏者”；follower意为“追随者”；fan意为“(爵士乐)迷”；pioneer意为“先锋，开拓者”。
13．A.for B．as
C．with D．by
解析：选B 本句意为“他们被作为奴隶带到南部各州”。只有介词as意为“作为”，符合此意。
14．A.months B．weeks
C．hours D．times
解析：选C 本句意为“他们被卖给南方种植园主们而且被迫长时间劳动”。long一般不与month和week搭配；hour此处指工作时间；time此处指次数或倍数，当一段时间讲时是不可数名词，故选C。
15．A.demonstrated B．composed
C．hosted D．formed
解析：选D demonstrate意为“论证，说明，示威”；compose意为“组成，构成(一个整体)”；host意为“款待，主持”；form与procession搭配，意为“形成队列”。故选D。
16．A.demonstration B．procession
C．body D．march
解析：选B 上句提到形成队列，此处意为“这样的队列经常伴有一支乐队”，故选上文提到的procession。
17．A.Even B．Therefore
C．Furthermore D．But
解析：选D 上句说在去墓地的路上，乐队演奏缓慢的、庄重的音乐以便和悲痛的场合相配合。而本句说在回来的路上，情绪变了。所以这两句之间应该是转折关系。故选D。
18．A.number B．members
C．body D．relations
解析：选D 本句意为“死神已经夺走了他们的一个亲人，但活着的人高兴他们还活着”。relation意为“亲戚”。并与前面的“friends and relatives”相照应。故选D。
19．A.sad B．solemn
C．happy D．funeral
解析：选C 这里选择happy，以便和上文中提到的slow和solemn相对应。
20．A.whistled B．sung
C．presented D．showed
解析：选C whistle意为“吹口哨”；sing意为“唱”；present意为“表现，展现”；show意为“展示”。只有present才能和“the harmony and the melody”相搭配。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Listening to music is considered a good thing for adults. Indeed it is. Scientific studies have proven it. Music has so many good effects on our body, mind and mood that this world will certainly not be a good place without music. Then, is music good for children? Some parents think so and let their children learn or listen to music. But some parents don't know the importance of music to children. Here are some reasons why music is important to children.
First, music is good for children's intelligence. Studies have proved that children who learn music are likely to have higher intelligence than those who have no interest in or dislike music. This is because the brain gets stimulated (刺激) by the rhythm and tone of music.
Music also has soothing (抚慰的) effect on children and helps remove their stress. Today's children are under a lot of stress from schoolwork. Being under too much stress impairs children's health. Luckily, listening to music can help them feel better.
Music can improve children's moods. Some children are sad by nature. They seem to be lost in their own thoughts and don't take interest in their surroundings. In such cases, a method known as “music therapy” comes to their rescue. It changes their moods and places a new kind of spirit in them.
Music is also a universal language that children ought to learn. Our world has become a global village. People are getting more and more interested in other cultures and countries. Music can help them in understanding foreign cultures.
Now we can say that music is very important not only to adults but also to children. So children should be encouraged to learn music or listen to music.
语篇解读：小孩接触音乐对他们很有好处，父母应该多让小孩接触音乐。
1．By mentioning scientific studies in Paragraph 1, the author wants to show .
A．why adults should listen to music
B．children should listen to music
C．listening to music is only good for adults
D．why scientists are interested in music
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Listening to music is considered a good thing for adults. Indeed it is. Scientific studies have proven it.”可知，作者是为了表明听音乐对成人有益处，也就是为什么成人应该听音乐。
2．What does the underlined word “impairs” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Harms. B．Changes.
C．Improves. D．Shows.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Luckily, listening to music can help them feel better.”可知，画线词所在的句子是指“太多压力会‘伤害’孩子的健康”。
3．The last but second paragraph shows that listening to music means .
A．learning languages better
B．understanding foreign cultures better
C．accepting the fast developing world easily
D．showing greater interest in other cultures
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Music can help them in understanding foreign cultures.”可知，听音乐可以帮助更好地理解外国的文化。
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Why do Children Love Music?
B．How to Choose Music for Children
C．How to Teach Children Music Easily
D．Why is Music Important to Children?
解析：选D 标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲为什么音乐对小孩很重要。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
We high school students do have some growing pains, but we can get rid of them 1 (correct) and wisely. 2 (one), some of us are upset 3 our body styles and looks. It's unnecessary and it's not important at all. We needn't care about it. It is one's inner beauty that matters. Second, we sometimes seem to 4 (misunderstand) by our teachers, parents and classmates. 5 (face) with this, we can find a proper time to have a heart?to?heart talk with them, trying 6 (remove) the misunderstanding. Some of us have fewer friends. I think being open?minded and friendly will do you good. Third, we may fall behind others, 7 makes us stressed. Actually we can encourage 8 (our) to work efficiently, full of 9 (determine). At last, some of us don't have much pocket money, so we feel unhappy. Isn't it strange? So long as we have some, that's enough. And we can learn 10 to spend money.
答案：1.correctly 2.First 3.about 4.be misunderstood
5．Faced 6.to remove 7.which 8.ourselves 9.determination 10.how
Ⅱ.短文改错
One morning when I was visited an art museum, I heard a woman talk non?stop to the man with her. I became annoying quickly because I wanted to look at the paintings without being disturbed. So I went to the another corner and looked at the paintings there. About an hour later, if I saw them again, the woman was still talking non?stop. I want to go to the woman to advise her to keep silence. However, when I got close them, I changed my mind. I found that the men was blind. He couldn't see something. So he had to look at the paintings through the woman's eyes.
答案：第一句：visited→visiting; talk→talking
第二句：annoying→annoyed
第三句：去掉第一个the
第四句：if→when
第五句：want→wanted; silence→silent
第六句：close后加to
第七句：men→man
第八句：something→anything
Ⅲ.书面表达
请你以“My favorite singer”为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文，内容包括：
1．个人简介；
2．主要经历；
3．主要作品及特点。
参考范文：
My favorite singer
Huang Jiaju, my favorite star, is a late Hong Kong musician and singer, who is best known as the leader and co?founder of the rock band Beyond.
When he was a teenager, he showed great interest in western music.At seventeen, he began to learn playing the guitar by himself.In 1983, he formed the band Beyond with his partners.As a brilliant musician, he wrote many popular songs like Mother Land, True Loving, and Glorious Days.All of these songs have become classics.
In his songs, apart from calling on peace and focusing on the destiny of his nation, he also condemned war.
(Modules 3～4)
第一部分 听力 (满分30分，限时20分钟)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the woman's favorite month?
A．March. B．May. C．June.
2．How much did a pound of green beans cost five years ago?
A．$0.50. B．$1.00. C．$1.50.
3．Who is going to make the copies for Anne?
A．The clerk. B．The man. C．Her assistant.
4．What will Rose do this Sunday?
A．Go to the movies.
B．Attend the English party.
C．Celebrate her father's birthday.
5．What do we know about the man?
A．He is rather tired.
B．He is quite confident.
C．He doesn't work hard.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What happened to the man?
A．He was out of work.
B．He failed his final test.
C．He didn't do well in his teaching.
7．How does the man feel toward the woman?
A．Friendly. B．Grateful. C．Disappointed.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What's the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A．Friends. B．Strangers. C．Workmates.
9．Which aspect of the airport is the man very satisfied with?
A．The elevator.
B．The products' prices.
C．The general appearance.
10．Why isn't the man happy with the gate in the arrival area?
A．It doesn't work well.
B．It's far from Immigration.
C．It's not clean and efficient.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Why does the man phone the woman?
A．He doesn't know how to use the phone.
B．He can't find a clock in the hotel room.
C．He wants a wake?up call tomorrow morning.
12．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．At a hotel.
B．At a clock shop.
C．At the information desk.
13．What does the first number “2” refer to?
A．The floor. B．The service. C．The time.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What does Mary probably do?
A．A manager. B．A housewife. C．A student.
15．What did Tom think of the film?
A．Terrible. B．Wonderful. C．Just so?so.
16．What happened to the couple in the end?
A．They had to work even harder.
B．They bought a house of their own.
C．They continued to live with the wife's mother.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Which is not provided for the pets in America?
A．Exercise. B．Education. C．Medical care.
18．Why do some owners dress their pets in pretty clothes?
A．To entertain them.
B．To keep them warm.
C．To keep them in fashion.
19．Which is the unusual pet in the US?
A．Monkeys. B．Fish. C．Birds.
20．Which pets can be trained to help disabled persons?
A．Dogs and cats.
B．Birds and dogs.
C．Dogs and monkeys.
答案：1～5 CABCA 6～10 ABBCB
11～15 CABCA 16～20 BBCAC
听力材料
Text 1
W：Which month do you like?
M：March is a nice month, but I think May is the best one.What about you?
W：I like June best because I can go swimming then.
Text 2
M：The prices of the vegetables have increased a lot. Now, green beans cost 1.5 dollars a pound.
W：I know, but 5 years ago, they were just a third of that price.
Text 3
M：Hello Anne, why are you waiting here?
W：I'm waiting for the clerk to come back. I need to make some copies of this paper.
M：Why trouble him？I'll work the machine right now.
Text 4
M：Shall we go to the English party or watch a movie this Sunday, Rose?
W：Both sound great, Bob.But I'm going to my father's birthday party. Thanks for asking me.
Text 5
W：You don't look very well.
M：Yes, I stayed up very late last night rewriting my paper.
W：Haven't you finished it yet?
M：Not yet, I don't know when.
Text 6
M：How are you, Mrs.Branden?
W：Pretty good.How are you doing?
M：Not so good.I just lost my job today.
W：I'm sorry to hear that.
M：How are your students doing?
W：They are very nervous about their final test.
M：I remember you gave our class the hard final test in my first year of college.Many of us failed.But I really learned a lot from you. You see, I can speak English very well now.
W：Thank you for saying so.
Text 7
W：Excuse me, I'm Lisa. We're doing a survey.Could I ask you some questions while you're waiting for your baggage?
M：Sure, go ahead.
W：OK, how do you feel about the arrival area？Are you happy with it?
M：Well, I'm not, really.
W：Oh, why?
M：The gate is a long way from Immigration and the elevator isn't working.
W：Oh, dear, I'm sorry to hear that. OK, then I see you have bought some duty free items here. Are you happy with the prices?
M：Well, I think they are a little high.
W：A little high?
M：Oh, yes, compared to most places in Asia.
W：I see. Well, how about the general appearance of the airport?
M：Excellent！It's the cleanest airport I have ever been in.
W：So it's clean and efficient?
M：Clean and very efficient.Ur ... I have to go. Here comes my suitcase.
W：OK, thank you very much.
M：You're welcome.
Text 8
W：What can I do for you, Sir?
M：I'm Tom in Room 528 and I'd like to have a wake?up call tomorrow morning.
W：At what time?
M：6：15 am please.
W：We have a computer wake?up service.Please dial 2 for the service first and then the time, that is to say, dial 2, and then 0615 for the time.
M：I see. Then it is 20615.Thank you. By the way, if I want to change my wake?up time, what shall I do?
W：Just dial your new wake?up time.The computer will record it.
M：If I dial 20700, I will be woken up at 7：00 am.Am I right?
W：Yes, that's right.
M：Thank you, good night.
Text 9
W：Hi, Tom, did you go to see a film last night?
M：Yes, I went there with Tony.
W：How did you like the film?
M：Rather bad, Mary, you can't imagine it. It was a complete waste of time. It was about a married couple. They lived with the wife's mother because they didn't have enough money to buy a house of their own.
W：A lot of young people have to do that today.
M：Yes, but the husband had to work overtime 3 times a week. So he was always tired out.
W：It sounds miserable.
M：Not really.Later, his wife was able to find a good job as a manager in a company. So in the end, they were able to buy a house.And he didn't have to work hard any more.Stupid, wasn't it?
W：I don't know. Anyway, I don't want to see the film.I'm so busy with my exams.
Text 10
Most Americans treat their pets like family members. It means Americans love their pets.And they provide them with a proper home, food, exercise, and medical care.Americans love pets and it is not just puppy love. Sometimes, they add to their interest to their pets with entertaining videos and amusing toys.If they have an eye for fashion, pets' owners can dress their pets in pretty clothes.For special occasions, they can use perfume to make their dogs smell nice or less basely. You might see Americans treat their pets like they treat their children, sometimes even better. The most common pets in the US are dogs, cats, birds and fish. Pets, such as dogs and cats, make good companions. But in addition to providing good companionship, pets are useful too. For example, dogs guard property, heard cattle and sheep, and lead the blind.Monkeys, unusual pets in the US, will soon become useful pets for disabled persons.Scientists are now training monkeys to help disabled persons do some simple tasks, such as eating, cleaning the house and even changing the channel on the TV set.
第二部分 阅读理解 (满分40分，限时35分钟)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Do you want to help others in Canada or out of the country？Here are some non?profit organizations in Calgary, Canada, through which you can do something for others.
Calgary Reads
Calgary Reads helps struggling readers in Grade One and Two twice a week.Trained adult volunteers carry out one?to?one reading teaching in the children's school during school hours.Volunteers are trained to use a proven effective lesson framework.Time is spent coaching readers while providing a strong role model in each child's life.
Address：105, 12th Ave SE|Calgary, AB|T2G 2H8
Telephone：1 403 777?8254
Ukrainian Mission Canada
This organization helps children in need in Ukraine, a country in eastern Europe.You can donate money or things to help one of the children in need.
Address：3806 44 Ave NE|Calgary, Alberta|T1Y5V8
Telephone：1 403 451?6991
Calgary Doula Association
This organization is formed to provide information about services related to birth and child care for the general public and worried professionals.Monthly meetings provide a networking opportunity and exchange of information for individuals interested in birth and child care, couples who are to be parents, and health care providers.
Address：124 Cresthaven Place SW|Calgary, AB|T3B 5W4
Telephone：1 403 750?2033
Rainbow Society of Alberta
Rainbow Society of Alberta helps to fulfill wishes of Alberta children with long?term or life?threatening illnesses.Founded in Winnipeg in 1983, Rainbow Society was the first children's organization of its kind in Canada.Its Alberta chapter (分部) was created in 1986 by a handful of caring volunteers who saw a need to bring such a strong support system to children in Alberta.
Address：PO Box 1153，Station M|Calgary，AB
Telephone：1 403 252?3891
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了加拿大卡尔加里的几个非营利机构。
21．What does Calgary Reads mainly aim to do?
A．To help all children do better at school.
B．To provide role models for young children.
C．To help little struggling readers read better.
D．To encourage children in Canada to read more.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Calgary Reads helps ...during school hours.”可知，这一机构是为了帮助阅读有困难的一二年级小孩提高阅读水平，故选C。
22．To learn more about helping children in need in Ukraine, which number should you call?
A．1 403 451?6991. B．1 403 777?8254.
C．1 403 750?2033. D．1 403 252?3891.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段的“This organization helps children in need in Ukraine, a country in eastern Europe.”可知，帮助乌克兰的孩子应该去的机构是Ukrainian Mission Canada，它的电话是1 403 451?6991。
23．What do you know about Rainbow Society of Alberta?
A．It helps children with long?term illnesses worldwide.
B．It was founded in Winnipeg in 1983.
C．It is the first children's organization in Canada.
D．It was organized by some volunteers in 1986.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Its Alberta chapter (分部) was created ...to children in Alberta.”可知，Rainbow Society的艾伯塔分部是1986年由几个志愿者成立的，故选D。
24．What do the organizations have in common?
A．They all help poor children.
B．None of them aims at making a profit.
C．They all provide services within Canada.
D．None of them asks people to donate money.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章内容以及第一段的“Here are some non?profit organizations in Calgary, Canada, through which you can do something for others.”可知，这四个机构都不是以营利为目的的机构，故选B。
B
Jenny Lind, the daughter of a teacher of languages, was born in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1821. She is said to be able to repeat a song that she had heard only once at the age of three. At ten years of age she sang children's parts on the Stockholm stage. After turning 12 years of age, her upper notes lost their sweetness, and for four years she did not do much singing. Her love for music continued and she spent these years studying instrumental music and composition.
At the end of this period her voice had returned to its normal condition and for a year and a half she was the star of the Stockholm opera. Next, she gave a series of concerts and went to Paris for further study, but the French teacher did not appreciate her powers and Jenny returned to her native city.
When she was 23 years old, Jenny went to Dresden and when Queen Victoria visited that city the following year, she sang at the festivals held in the queen's honour. This opened the way to amazing success in other German cities. In 1847 she went to London and was warmly received. There she sang for the first time in concert.
Jenny Lind travelled to Paris to study with Manuel Garcia, a famous Spanish coach, who finally agreed to train her. Her husband, Otto Goldschmidt, was a famous German pianist who trained with Mendelssohn; they married in Boston while on tour in the US.
After her marriage, she sometimes appeared on the stage and usually at concerts given for charitable causes (慈善事业). She was deeply interested in these charitable causes and we can easily add to her title of singer that of philanthropist. Her later years were spent in London where she died in 1887. Her life and songs are a sweet memory for modern people.
语篇解读：珍妮·琳德被人们称为“瑞典夜莺”。本文介绍了珍妮·琳德的生平、她在歌唱事业上的成就及在慈善事业上的贡献。
25．Jenny Lind didn't sing much as a teenager because .
A．she was busy with her homework
B．she didn't understand popular music
C．there was something wrong with her voice
D．she liked instrumental music and composition
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，12岁至16岁时她的嗓音出现了问题，因此那段时间她唱歌不多。
26．The underlined word “philanthropist” in the last paragraph refers to a person who .
A．earns a lot of money as a singer
B．spends much time in singing and composing
C．gives money and help to people who need them
D．becomes famous by developing different causes
解析：选C 词义猜测题。最后一段画线词之前的内容介绍了她在慈善事业方面的努力。正因为她热衷于慈善事业，所以人们认为她不仅是一位歌手，而且还是一位慈善家，即为需要帮助的人捐款和提供帮助的人。
27．What is the correct order of the events related to Jenny Lind?
a．She sang for the first time in concert.
b．She became the star of the Stockholm opera.
c．She studied instrumental music and composition.
d．She sang at the festivals held in the queen's honour.
e．Something wrong with her voice made her unable to sing much.
A．a, d, c, b, e B．c, b, a, d, e
C．e, d, b, c, a D．e, c, b, d, a
解析：选D 排列组合题。第一段最后两句提到她在12岁至16岁时嗓音出了问题，以致无法唱太多的歌(e项)，于是她专心学习器乐和作曲(c项)；第二段第一句提到她的嗓音恢复后她成了Stockholm的歌剧明星(b项)；第三段第一句提到她23岁的时候为女王演唱(d项)；第三段最后两句提到她到伦敦后首次在演唱会上演唱(a项)。综上可知，正确顺序为D项。
C
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan.“What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's actually color, and it's actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran.“For me, it's the recontextualization.In music, where does the emotion (情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”
语篇解读：本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。
28．Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A．To remember the birth of jazz.
B．To protect cultural diversity.
C．To encourage people to study music.
D．To recognize the value of jazz.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为D。
29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
解析：选C 代词指代题。根据语境可知，画线词that 指代上段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。
30．What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?
A．It will disappear gradually.
B．It remains black and white.
C．It should keep up with the times.
D．It changes every 50 years.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第五段的内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same.”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Exploring the Future of Jazz
B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz
C．The Story of a Jazz Musician
D．Celebrating the Jazz Day
解析：选A 标题归纳题。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。
D
The meat industry has long been linked to animal suffering and harmful effects on the environment.There are calls for people to stop eating meat.However, it is always stiff for meat?lovers to say goodbye to chicken wings or juicy hamburgers.
Now, a campaign announces to have found a cruelty?free solution, and it doesn't require giving up your favorite foods.SuperMeat, a new small company in Israel, is working to develop a way to grow “cultured (培养的) meat” in the lab using tissue samples from a chicken, with the hope that real animal meat can one day be mass?produced without actually harming any animals.
According to the campaign, cultured meat can be healthier, more humane (人道的), and could even help to fight world hunger.While it's still in the early development process, SuperMeat says its product is expected to cost just $5 per pound.The company is looking for the best way to end animal suffering and to be realistic about people's meat eating habits.
The company's cultured meat would use a small tissue sample from a chicken, collected without harming the animal.These cells would be grown in a nutrient (营养的) soup, allowing them to form tissues and eventually, real meat.It wouldn't just taste like chicken — it is chicken, without the negative impacts.
“Our technology allows us to expand cells，” explained Professor Y．Nahmias, Head of Research & Founder in the campaign.“We organize these cells into very small tissues and place them in a unique environment, allowing those small tissues to organically grow into large muscles, just like they do in nature.”
The company has so far raised more than $122,000, passing the goal it set before.However, they now hope to raise $500,000 to develop the concept machine, and say it will take about $2.5 million to bring about a cost?efficient prototype (原型) of the lab?grown meat.The company argues that cultured meat could one day change the industry, helping to reduce air pollution and increase food safety around the world.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍以色列的一家新公司SuperMeat开发出的一种新技术，既可以满足消费者吃肉的需求，又不用屠宰动物。
32．What does the underlined word “stiff” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Difficult. B．Strange.
C．Different. D．Hopeful.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据语境可判断，此处表示对于爱吃肉的人来说，放弃吃肉很困难，故选A。
33．Which of the following can best describe the cultured meat?
A．It tastes like but isn't animal meat.
B．It is real meat from natural animals.
C．It is real meat made by using animal tissues.
D．It isn't meat and is harmful to people's health.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It wouldn't just taste like chicken — it is chicken, without the negative impacts.”可知，这种肉是用动物的组织细胞在实验室里培养出的真正的肉，并且对人体无害。
34．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．The company is positive about the cultured meat.
B．The company has stopped to raise more money.
C．The lab?grown meat is being largely produced now.
D．The company has developed a machine to make meat.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The company argues ...around the world.”可知，这家公司对他们推出的这项技术非常有信心。
35．What's the main idea of this text?
A．A new machine has been made to produce real meat.
B．Researchers are working to develop real meat in the lab.
C．Man?made meat has stopped animals from being killed.
D．People are called on to stop eating meat to protect animals.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了以色列的一家公司推出的新技术，可以在实验室里培养出真正的肉。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A career personality test is one of the tools that can be used to help a person determine which careers would be a good fit for him or her.Career personality tests do not usually recommend which career a person should choose. 36
Choosing a career that suits one's personality greatly influences a person's happiness and job satisfaction.For example, some people enjoy completing detailed work and dislike it when there are no clear steps to follow. 37 A good career personality test can help a person avoid careers in which daily work would be annoying for his or her personality type, and point instead towards careers in which daily work would usually be enjoyable.
38 Students in high school may take career tests in a class or through the guidance department of the school. 39 University and college students who are uncertain about what to do with a given degree may take a career personality test to help narrow the options.
Many different career personality tests are available. 40 It is possible to take career personality tests online for free, but for the most accurate results, job seekers may hope to take an official career personality test, which will have gone through a development process that makes it more accurate and reliable.
A．But others may find detailed work boring.
B．They vary widely in terms of their accuracy.
C．Sometimes you feel you have not made the right decisions.
D．Some experts feel too much weight can be placed on the results of the tests.
E．A career personality test can be helpful at different stages in a person's career.
F．This can help them to decide which career to choose after completing high school.
G．Instead, they give choices to consider based on personal strengths, interests, and values.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了职业性格测试的相关问题。
36．选G 根据上一句“Career personality tests do not usually recommend ...”可知，本句与上一句意思正好相反，说明职业性格测试不是推荐具体的职业，而是根据每个人的特点给出选择。G项中的they指代career personality tests。
37．选A 本句与前一句相互对照，说明有些人可能会觉得注重细节的工作很无聊。
38．选E 根据后文“Students in high school”和“University and college students”可知，本句概述了本段的主要内容：职业性格测试在个人的职业生涯中的不同阶段都有帮助。
39．选F 本句对前句的内容进行解释，说明了高中阶段进行职业测试的好处，根据关键词“high school”可推知答案。
40．选B 本句说明了职业性格测试的准确性相差很大，对下文的论述进行了铺垫，根据文中“for the most accurate results”可推知。
第三部分 语言知识运用 (满分45分，限时30分钟)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Joe, CEO of a large company, looked down upon the young people living in our Hawaii area.These young people wore long hair and colorful clothing, and always 41 at the beach drumming, dancing, and shouting.Joe 42 them as “hippies (嬉皮士)．” He thought these young people were lazy and 43 .He often spoke about how much he 44 them.
One day Joe went to the beach 45 .There's a steep path that must be climbed down to get to the beach.It isn't necessarily dangerous, 46 one must be careful.When it was time for Joe to leave the beach, he started climbing the path but lost his balance and 47 ， dislocating (使脱臼) his knee.Joe lay there helpless and in huge 48 .Very soon, one of these “good?for?nothing hippies” noticed him and 49 to help him.After this long?haired young man 50 the extent (程度) of Joe's injury, he ran to get his 51 .Together, these kind young “hippies” 52 him to the main road, which is quite a journey especially with someone in pain.They put Joe in a 53 ， drove him to the emergency center, and helped him into bed. 54 ， one of them was an emergency room physician and he pulled Joe's knee back into 55 again.Joe was deeply 56 of having looked down upon these young people.Later, he stated, “I've been so wrong in judging the young people just according to their 57 .When I really needed heroes, they 58 and helped me！”
There's a hero within every person we meet, regardless of their skin color, religion, life style or the 59 that they are minorities. There's no reason we look down upon them.Usually heroes are just among 60 people.
语篇解读：乔看不起当地的一群年轻人，称他们为“嬉皮士”。一次他遇到了危难，多亏了这些“嬉皮士”帮助他。
41．A.worked B．lay
C．gathered D．travelled
解析：选C 根据前后文可知，这群年轻人喜欢聚集在海边的沙滩上玩耍，嬉闹。
42．A.appointed B．described
C．recommended D．dreamed
解析：选B 乔把这群人称为“嬉皮士”。describe sb. as ...表示“把某人称为……”。
43．A.worthless B．active
C．kind D．sensitive
解析：选A 根据前后文可知，乔认为这群年轻人懒惰，在他眼里他们一文不值。
44．A.cared B．noticed
C．understood D．disliked
解析：选D 乔经常说道他是如何地不喜欢这些“嬉皮士”。
45．A.aside B．alone
C．away D．ahead
解析：选B 从后文可知，除了那些“嬉皮士”，没有其他人帮助乔，可知乔是一个人去海滩。
46．A.so B．and
C．but D．or
解析：选C 根据上下文可知，那条陡峭的小径不一定是那么危险，但是过的时候一定要小心。 这两个并列分句之间存在转折关系，因此用并列连词but连接。
47．A.fell B．rose
C．stopped D．finished
解析：选A 根据上下文“he started climbing the path but ... his knee.”可知，乔在经过这段陡峭的小路时失去平衡，膝盖脱臼，可推断此处应表示他摔倒了。
48．A.loss B．difficulty
C．sorrow D．pain
解析：选D 根据语境及下文“which is quite a journey especially with someone in pain”可知，乔无助地躺在那里，感到极大的疼痛。
49．A.agreed B．remembered
C．ran D．returned
解析：选C 很快，一个“一无是处的嬉皮士”发现了乔，他跑过来帮助乔。
50．A.suffered B．checked
C．caused D．treated
解析：选B 结合语境可知，那个“嬉皮士”查看了乔的受伤程度。
51．A.friends B．doctors
C．parents D．audience
解析：选A 根据下文“Together, these kind young ‘hippies’ 52 him to the main road”可知，那个年轻人找来了他的朋友们帮忙。
52．A.held B．picked
C．carried D．received
解析：选C 他们一起把乔抬到了大路边。carried符合语境。
53．A.wheelchair B．bed
C．tent D．car
解析：选D 根据后文“drove him to the emergency center”可知，那些人把乔抬上小汽车，开车到了急救中心。
54．A.Hurriedly B．Fortunately
C．Strangely D．Hopefully
解析：选B 根据后文可知，幸运的是，“嬉皮士”中的一位正好是急救中心的医生。
55．A.situation B．position
C．body D．skin
解析：选B 根据前后文“... he pulled Joe's knee back into 55 again.”可知那位急救医生将乔脱臼的膝盖复位，即使它回到原来的“位置”。
56．A.ashamed B．tired
C．confident D．fearful
解析：选A 乔对于自己以前对这些年轻人的错误认识感到非常羞愧。
57．A.mind B．result
C．voice D．appearance
解析：选D 乔说自己仅仅根据外貌来判断他人是错误的。
58．A.made up B．got along
C．came about D．came along
解析：选D 那些年轻人在他处在危难中，赶过来帮助他。come along意为“出现”，符合上下文语境。
59．A.way B．plan
C．fact D．question
解析：选C “that they are minorities”是同位语从句，通常放在fact等一类词的后面。此处意为“不管他们的肤色、宗教习俗、生活方式，或者属于少数派的这个事实”。
60．A.common B．strange
C．young D．poor
解析：选A 此处表示通常英雄就在普通人中间。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wolves are having an identity trouble. 61 new survey suggests that red wolves and eastern wolves aren't true “species”．Instead, they seem to be 62 (mixture) of two other species, gray wolves and coyotes (土狼)．
Gray wolves used to live in a large part of North America until they were hunted almost to disappearance.In 1973, a new law 63 (call) the Endangered Species Act made it a crime to harm animals such as gray wolves. That 64 (protect) has helped the number of gray wolves increase.But their number now is still far 65 (small) than it used to be.Red wolves and eastern wolves look similar to gray wolves but often 66 (treat) as different species. Eastern wolves live in the Great Lakes region, where gray wolves are now rarer.Red wolves call the southeastern United States home.There gray wolves no longer exist.
Red wolves and eastern wolves 67 (probable) first appeared when early settlers hunted gray wolves in the eastern United States. 68 (kill) off some gray wolves made room for coyotes to move east.There gray wolves likely bred (繁殖) with coyotes.Mixing their genes (基因) 69 coyotes' might have helped wolves survive 70 times were tough.
语篇解读：研究发现，红狼和美国东部狼可能不是独立的物种，而是灰狼和土狼的结合物。
61．A 这里不是特指某个新研究，而是泛指一个新研究，故填不定冠词。
62．mixtures 主语是they，指代红狼和美国东部狼，故需填mixture的复数形式。
63．called law是call这个动作的承受者，需用其过去分词作后置定语。
64．protection that后需接一个名词，故填protect的名词形式。
65．smaller 这里是和过去的情况作比较，指现在的数量远比以前的少，故填small的比较级形式smaller。
66．are treated “Red wolves and eastern wolves”是treat这个动作的承受者，故需用被动语态。
67．probably 需用副词修饰动词appeared，故填probably。
68．Killing 句子缺少主语，故需填动名词形式，“Killing off some gray wolves”为句子的主语。
69．with mix sth. with sth.意为“将……结合起来”，符合语境。
70．when 这里是指在艰难时期，需要用when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。
第四部分 写作 (满分25分，限时35分钟)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I'm very grateful to my parents. They not only gave me life, but also brought me up with endless love and support, feel so proud of my every improvements. I still remembered once I was seriously ill. They were so worrying and almost kept me company the whole night. Now I'm Grade 2. Lucky for me, my parents can understand my stressful condition but often communicate with me with encouraging words. Furthermore, they give me enough personal space, which I appreciate it so much.
What I should do now are study hard. When I grow up, I will become an useful person and make my parents live a happy life.
答案：第二句：feel→feeling; improvements→improvement
第三句：remembered→remember
第四句：worrying→worried
第五句：Grade前加in
第六句：Lucky→Luckily; but→and
第七句：去掉it
第八句：are→is
第九句：an→a
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
现在很多学生都热爱美国流行音乐，著名美国歌手的名字更是信手拈来，那么这些美国流行音乐在给你带来听觉享受的同时还带来了哪些正面的影响呢？你从聆听这些音乐中有没有收获呢？请你写一篇英语短文谈谈你眼中的美国流行音乐。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Nowadays there are many students who are fond of American pop music like me. And with easy access to the Internet, now we can enjoy all the music of the singers we love like Taylor Swift and Sam Smith.
I listen to American pop music with the purpose of improving my English at first. But as time goes on, I have found a new world in it. Every time I listen to American pop music, I would feel excited. The more songs I listen to, the more I learn about the culture and people's life of America. It really teaches me a lot.
I can talk about American pop music all day because it brings me more than I expected. If you are a lover of it too, make it a lifelong habit.
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课时跟踪练(二) Introduction & Reading—Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The reasons for its popularity are its fast pace and rhythmic (有节奏的) beat.
2．The rabbit will not emerge (出现) from its hole while you are there.
3．This approach (方法) is now seriously out of step with the times.
4．The press feels the need to associate itself with the green movement (运动)．
5．We have seen many sophisticated (复杂的；高级的) modern weapons in the museum.
6．You like to improvise (即兴表演) and break traditional rules for doing things.
7．This technique (技巧) will help people mentally organize information.
8．The minister at first declined (谢绝) to make a statement, but later she agreed.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．In playing volleyball you have the advantage over being tall.over→of
2．The company is on decline because of falling demand.
on 后加the
3．We walked in the street shoulder by shoulder. by→to
4．A new approach to teach the English language is being used here in our school. teach→teaching
5．They prefer to go with us rather than to stay here alone. 去掉第二个to
Ⅲ.选词填空
side by side， be bored with， rather than， consist of， in decline， experiment with， dance to， take advantage of
1．This book is intended for the general reader rather than the student.
2．We look forward to the day when tiger and human may live side by side in peace.
3．This year's event consisted of readings, lectures and workshops.
4．Production has already peaked and is in decline in some 50 nations.
5．They experimented with new methods of teaching and succeeded.
6．You can dance to the sound of the popular country band The Four Brothers.
7．Peter took advantage of his visit to Paris to improve his French.
8．After sixteen years of marriage they were bored with each other.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Hip hop is an American cultural movement 1.which started in the 1970s at block parties in New York, especially in a district 2.called (call) the Bronx. There are four main aspects of hip hop: breakdance and graffiti art plus two types of hip hop music — DJ?ing and rapping. Rapping is also known 3.as MC?ing. 4.Later (late), DJ Herc, one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time, noticed that New York audiences didn't really like reggae music, 5.so he started playing other kinds of music, 6.including (include) rock and disco music. They experimented 7.with different vocal and rhythmic approaches, 8.using (use) rhyming words. At the same time, people started breakdancing at block parties. Because it is cheap and easy and people were 9.bored (bore) with the pop music of the day, so hip hop became 10.successful (succeed)．
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
汤姆和玛丽正并排(side by side)站在大街上。过了一会儿，他们开始播放音乐并跳起舞(dance to)来。人们一看到(the moment)他们，就聚集在他们周围。看他们跳舞的人数在上升而不是在下降(in decline)。有时候他们也会厌倦(be bored with)城市里的生活，这时他们就会作为志愿者出现(emerge)在某个敬老院里。他们总是利用(take advantage of)这个机会使老人们放松和愉悦。
Tom and Mary were standing on the street side by side. After a while, they began to play music and dance to it. The moment people saw them, they got together around them. The number of people watching them dancing was not in decline but on the increase. They are bored with the life in the city from time to time. Then they will emerge at a nursing home as volunteers. They always take advantage of the chance to make old people relaxed and pleased.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
For this whole year, I will be living in Italy and working as an English language assistant.My roommate is a teacher from a local school.She is a very 1 girl and we get along well with each other.The only 2 is that we don't always understand each other！She only speaks Italian while my Italian is rather 3 .This is known as a language barrier (障碍), when two people cannot communicate 4 they don't have a language in common.
I have learnt that it is very 5 speaking a foreign language in real life than speaking it in the 6 .There, my teacher would always 7 things to me in English when I didn't understand them. 8 ， here in Italy, this won't happen.My 9 doesn't speak any English.When I don't know the exact Italian word for something, I try to express it using the words I 10 .When the method doesn't 11 ， I even try to act it out with 12 and body movements.
Yesterday, I wanted to ask my roommate where the router (路由器) was.I called it the “Internet box” and she understood what I 13 ！We both clapped (鼓掌) excitedly to have a little 14 .
Sometimes I feel very embarrassed because I keep making 15 when speaking Italian, but my roommate helps correct them kindly and 16 .She tells me that I'm doing well！In Italy, I have no choice but to speak Italian, so I can also feel my language 17 ！I hope that I will be speaking 18 a real Italian by the time I 19 .I have the confidence to 20 this language barrier!
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在意大利作英语助教时，如何克服语言障碍与意大利室友交流，并进而使自己的意大语水平提高的故事。
1．A.selfish B．strange
C．nice D．normal
解析：选C 根据下文“we get along well with each other.”可知，作者和室友相处的很好，由此可推断，室友是一个很不错的女孩，故选nice。
2．A.problem B．reason
C．suggestion D．feeling
解析：选A 根据上下文“She is a very 1 girl ...we don't always understand each other！”可知，作者和她的室友之间存在的唯一问题就是不能很好地理解彼此，故选problem。
3．A.boring B．poor
C．interesting D．good
解析：选B 根据上下文可知，她们之间存在语言障碍，室友只会讲意大利语，作者是一个英语老师，她的意大利语很差，故选poor。
4．A.even if B．as if
C．although D．because
解析：选D 该句话解释了“语言障碍”这一现象，两个人不能沟通，因为他们没有共同会讲的一种语言，故选because。
5．A.obvious B．excellent
C．simple D．different
解析：选D 根据下文的内容可知，此处表示，在现实生活中说一种外语和在课堂上说是很不一样的，故选different。
6．A.classroom B．street
C．discussion D．conversation
解析：选A 根据下文的“My teachers would ...didn't understand them.”可知，此处对比现实生活中和课堂上说一种外语的情况，故选classroom。
7．A.bring B．leave
C．explain D．offer
解析：选C 作者说在课堂上，当她不理解某些内容时，老师会用英语解释给她。短语explain sth. to sb.表示“向某人解释某事”，故选explain。
8．A.However B．Besides
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
解析：选A 根据语境可知，此处表示两种情况的对比，在课堂上，老师会用英语来解释，然而，在现实生活中不会出现这样的情况，故选However。
9．A.neighbor B．roommate
C．classmate D．student
解析：选B 根据语境可知，此处表示作者的室友不会说英语，自然不能用英语来给她解释，故选roommate。
10．A.hear B．read
C．know D．see
解析：选C 当作者不知道某个意大利单词的准确说法时，她就会用她知道的词汇来尽量表达，故选know。
11．A.appear B．work
C．exist D．matter
解析：选B 根据下文“I even try to act it out with ...”可知，当用别的词表达不起作用时，作者又会想办法用其他的方式来让对方理解她的意思。work在此处意为“起作用”，符合语境，故选work。
12．A.beliefs B．marks
C．thoughts D．gestures
解析：选D 根据“I even try to act it out with 12 and body movements.”一句中的act it out和body movements可知，作者会使用手势动作等肢体语言把自己的意思“表演”出来，故选gestures。
13．A.hoped B．received
C．meant D．discovered
解析：选C 此处作者进行了举例说明，当她不知道路由器用意大利语怎么说的时候，她在几次尝试之后用了“网络盒子”这样的表达方式，她的室友竟然明白了她的意思。
14．A.celebration B．communication
C．preparation D．introduction
解析：选A 根据语境可知，我们沟通成功，拍手以庆祝，故选celebration。
15．A.excuses B．mistakes
C．decisions D．appointments
解析：选B 根据下文“but my roommate helps correct them”中关键词correct可知，作者因为在讲意大利语时经常出错而感到不好意思，故选mistakes。
16．A.gratefully B．hopelessly
C．proudly D．patiently
解析：选D 根据上文可知，作者的室友是一个很好的女孩，所以，此处表示她很耐心地帮助作者纠正错误，故选patiently。
17．A.appearing B．rising
C．improving D．fitting
解析：选C 根据语境可知，因为室友不会讲英语，作者除了讲意大利语外，别无选择，所以，她感觉到自己的语言技能逐渐提高，故选improving。
18．A.with B．for
C．about D．like
解析：选D 根据语境可知，作者希望自己能说得像一个真正的意大利人一样，故选like。
19．A.leave B．begin
C．graduate D．continue
解析：选A 根据上文可知，作者在意大利要待一年当英语助教，此处应表示作者希望在离开意大利的时候，能说得像一个真正的意大利人一样，故选leave。
20．A.set up B．break down
C．create D．forget
解析：选B 作者表示自己有信心克服这一语言障碍。set up意为“建立”；break down意为“分解，垮掉”；create意为“创造”；forget意为“忘记”；break down符合句意。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and become a student in an ordinary school. Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly?equipped classroom, I found the teachers patiently and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided make the best of it. I worked hard and got along good with my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they are always available. Soon, I became one of the top student in my class, and which greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.
My experience tell me that it is not what you are given but how you make use for it that determines who you are.
答案：第一句：become→became
第二句：Disappointing→Disappointed; patiently→patient
第四句：decided后加to
第五句：good→well
第六句：are→were
第七句：student→students; 去掉and
第八句：tell→tells; for→of
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课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Here's a look at Bob Dylan's life through his legendary music.
“Song to Woody” (1962)
It was released on his debut album Bob Dylan in 1962.Dylan expressed his respect for the legendary folk singer Woody Guthrie in this early classic.
“The Times They Are A?Changin'” (1963)
It was released as the title track of his third album of the same name, which launched him as a major voice in the new folk scene and marked the beginning of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s.Critic Michael Gray called it “the archetypical protest song.”
“Ballad in Plain D” (1964)
Dylan details his fractious relationship with Suze Rotolo in this long track from his fourth album, Another Side of Bob Dylan.Dylan scholar Clinton Heylin called it “an exercise of painful autobiography.”
“Like a Rolling Stone” (1965)
Chosen by Rolling Stone as number one on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, it was from the Highway 61 Revisited album and transformed Dylan's image from a folk singer to a rock star.He wrote it after returning from an exhausting tour of England.He was thinking about quitting the music business, but he worked out his frustrations about the public's demanding expectations of him through this song.
“All Along the Watchtower” (1968)
After a near?fatal motorcycle accident in 1966, Dylan went into seclusion for almost a year.He emerged with one of his greatest artistic achievements with this track from the John Wesley Harding album.Many critics have seen this song as a summing?up of Dylan's life and career.
“Gotta Serve Somebody” (1979)
In the late 1970s, Dylan underwent a conversion to born?again Christianity, taking five months off touring to attend Bible school.This yearning plea for meaning expressed his new religion.It was part of his Slow Train Coming rock?gospel album.
“Things Have Changed” (2000)
Written for the film Wonder Boys, this strange portrait of an aging star shuffling through show business won Dylan a Golden Globe and an Oscar.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。让我们通过这些传奇音乐来寻觅第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的作曲家——鲍勃·迪伦的人生故事。
1．Which of the following reflects a more politicized Dylan?
A．“Ballad in Plain D”．
B．“Things Have Changed”．
C．“All Along the Watchtower”．
D．“The Times They Are A?Changin'”．
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据“The Times They Are A?Changin'” (1963)部分中的“marked the beginning of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s.Critic Michael Gray called it ‘the archetypical protest song.’”可知选D项。
2．Which includes a song that shows Dylan's relationship with Suze Rotolo?
A．Bob Dylan.
B．Slow Train Coming.
C．John Wesley Harding.
D．Another Side of Bob Dylan.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据“Ballad in Plain D” (1964)部分中的“Dylan details his fractious relationship with Suze Rotolo in this long track from his fourth album, Another Side of Bob Dylan.”可知选D项。
3．When did Dylan release a song that expresses his new religion?
A．In 1965. B．In 1968.
C．In 1979. D．In 2000.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据“Gotta Serve Somebody” (1979)部分中的“This yearning plea for meaning expressed his new religion.”可知选C项。
4．What can we learn from the text?
A．“Things Have Changed” describes an Oscar winning star.
B．“Like a Rolling Stone” expresses Dylan's unhappiness.
C．“Song to Woody” was released on Dylan's third album.
D．“All Along the Watchtower” was written to record Dylan's accident.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据“Like a Rolling Stone” (1965)部分中的“he worked out his frustrations about the public's demanding expectations of him through this song”可知选B项。
B
Immigrants to the coast of southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of the Old World along with them for nearly 300 years. They brought some of their most important valuables with them. To most of them this was an instrument. Early Scottish settlers enjoyed the violin because it could be played to sound sad or lively. The Irish violin, the German dulcimer (扬琴), the Italian mandolin, the Spanish guitar, and the West African banjo were the most common musical instruments.
The communication among musicians from different ethnic groups (族群) produced music unique to this region of North America. Appalachian string bands (弦乐队) of the early 20th century primarily consisted of the violin, guitar, and banjo. This early country music along with early recorded country music is often referred to as old?time music.
According to Bill Malone in Country Music USA, country music was “introduced to the world as a southern phenomenon”. In the South, folk music was a combination of cultural types, combining musical traditions of a variety of ethnic groups in the region. For example, some instrumental pieces from Anglo?Celtic immigrants were the basis of folk songs and ballads that form what is now known as old?time music, from which country music descended. It is commonly thought that British and Irish folk music influenced the development of old time music. British and Irish arrivals to the Southern US included immigrants from Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and England.
When many people think or hear country music, they think of it as a creation of European?Americans. However, a great deal of style — and of course, the banjo, a major instrument in most early American folk songs — came from African?Americans. One of the reasons country music was created by African?Americans, as well as European?Americans, is because blacks and whites in rural communities in the south often worked and played together.
语篇解读：美国的乡村音乐闻名于世，文章向我们介绍了乡村音乐在美国的早期发展。
5．Where might the immigrants live 300 years ago according to the first paragraph?
A．In the mountains.
B．Near the sea.
C．Along the lakes.
D．By the rivers.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Immigrants to the coast of southern Appalachian Mountains of North America ...”可知，早期移民主要住在阿巴拉契亚山脉南部的海边。
6．Why did early Scottish settlers like to play the violin?
A．Because the violin could produce sound sad or cheerful.
B．Because the settlers always had nothing to do.
C．Because the settlers wanted to win the competitions among them.
D．Because the violin could bring about happy feelings in the settlers' life.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句可知，之所以早期的苏格兰移民喜欢拉小提琴，是因为这种乐器既可以发出让人悲伤的声音，也可以发出使人快乐的声音，这样他们就可以表达自己的各种情感。
7．What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A．According to Bill Malone, country music was introduced from Africa.
B．Folk music was independent among a variety of ethnic groups in the region.
C．The basis of ballads was made up of some instrumental pieces from Anglo?Celtic immigrants.
D．British and Irish folk music influenced the development of modern music.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段“For example, some instrumental pieces from Anglo?Celtic immigrants were the basis of folk songs and ballads ...”可知，C项正确。
8．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Where and How Early Immigrants to the US Lived?
B．African Instruments Influenced American Country Music
C．Why Early Immigrants Produced Folk Songs?
D．The Early History of American Country Music
解析：选D 标题归纳题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲了美国乡村音乐的早期历史。
C
Ask many actors and they will tell you it is hard to get work when you are just starting out and as you get older.However, it has not been the case for American musical (音乐剧) actress Susan Watson.
In 1958, at the age of 20, Watson was offered a part in the musical, West Side Story, in London. At that time, she was still a student at New York City's Juilliard School for musicians, dancers and actors.More than 50 years later, she was offered another part.Watson took an important role in a remake of the musical, Follies, at the Kennedy Center in Washington and the Marquis Theatre in New York City.In both cases, the offers came from musical theater legend Stephen Sondheim.He wrote the lyrics for West Side Story and the music and lyrics for Follies.
As a teenager, Watson developed her dancing, singing and acting skills in her hometown of Tulsa, Oklahoma.She traveled to study at New York City's Juilliard School before Sondheim interrupted her studies with the offer of a part in West Side Story.The award?winning musical, based on William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, tells a story of the struggles of immigrants (移民) in New York City.In the following two decades, Watson had starring roles in such well?known musicals as The Fantasticks, Bye Bye Birdie, Carnival, Celebration and No, No, Nanette.
Musicals are an American invention.They tell stories through many art forms：spoken words, songs, acting and dances.“Music adds an important emotional element, making an interesting story even more powerful，” Watson said.
At age 78, Watson now lives in California, but she has not stopped performing.She just released a new album called The Music Never Ends.She is excited that six of the 14 songs on her new album were written by “empowered (获得授权的) women”， including Nancy Ford and Gretchen Cryer.She says her new musical record is selling “very well” partly because people do not have to go to a store to buy it.They can buy it online, like almost any other product.
语篇解读：苏珊·沃森是美国的一位音乐剧女演员，她是一位幸运儿，20岁时就得到了一个非常重要的机会。
9．What does the author mean by saying that it has not been the case for Susan Watson?
A．She didn't retire after she got old.
B．She started out as an actress early.
C．She became an actress by chance.
D．She doesn't have trouble in getting work.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Ask many actors and they will tell you it is hard to get work when you are just starting out and as you get older.”可知，此处意为：苏珊·沃森作为演员并没有在刚入行和年老的情况下找不到工作的困扰。
10．What did Susan Watson do while studying in New York City's Juilliard School?
A．She received a very important offer.
B．She developed her dancing and singing skills.
C．She asked Stephen Sondheim for an opportunity.
D．She starred in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In 1958, ...dancers and actors.”可知，她在那里读书时得到了一个非常重要的演出机会。
11．Which of the following is the latest musical Susan Watson has starred in?
A．West Side Story. B．Follies.
C．The Fantasticks. D．Celebration.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“More than 50 years later ...a remake of the musical, Follies”以及第三段的“In the following two decades ... No, No, Nanette.”可知，《富丽秀》是她参演的最新的一部音乐剧。
12．According to Susan Watson, what's one of the reasons why her new album sells well?
A．It is sold nationwide in stores.
B．It's convenient for people to buy it.
C．She is a very famous musical actress.
D．Many empowered women wrote the songs in it.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“She says her new musical ...like almost any other product.”可知，苏珊·沃森认为她的新唱片卖得好的部分原因是因为可以在网上很方便地购买，故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
An obvious reason for learning a new language is to be able to communicate with the people who speak it.Your trip will be comfortable if you speak the local language when traveling abroad. 1 People in every country prefer it when tourists make an effort to speak the local language, even if all you can say in it is “hello” or “please”．
Cultural understanding
Speaking a new language helps you to get to know another people and culture. 2 Learning another language opens one's mind to new ideas and new ways to look at the world.In addition, when you master another language, you can enjoy literature, films, and music in the original language.It is extremely difficult for a translation to be a perfect replica (复制品) of the original. 3
Business and careers
Speaking more than one language is an important skill in your career. 4 Even though English is widely spoken in much of the world, the fact is that the global economy depends on communication.When dealing with France, for example, someone who speaks French will have an obvious advantage over someone who doesn't.
Language improvement
Learning another language can help you to understand your own.Many languages have contributed to the development of English. 5 Also, in learning how another language differs from your own, you will increase your understanding of your own language.For many people, our mother tongue is innate (与生俱来的) — we know how to say something, but we don't necessarily know why we say it that way.Learning another language can change that.
A．That's because language and culture go hand in hand.
B．Speaking the local language shows respect for that culture.
C．It is true that mastering another foreign language is not easy.
D．The best way to enjoy literature is to read what the author actually wrote.
E．Employers tend to prefer candidates who speak one or more foreign languages.
F．Knowing another language is helpful in making our culture known to other people.
G．Learning those languages will teach you where words and even grammatical structures are from.
语篇解读：学习一门外语有助于我们的日常交流，但对我们了解异域文化、促进个人职业发展和提高自身母语也有很好的帮助作用。
1．选B 本段主要讲在国外旅行时会说当地语言的好处，“Speaking the local language shows respect for that culture.”B项与上下文呼应，符合语境。
2．选A 根据上文“Speaking a new language helps you to get to know another people and culture.”可知，学习另一种语言能够让我们认识另一个民族和文化，因为语言总是和文化相伴的。
3．选D 根据上文中的“It is extremely difficult for a translation to be a perfect replica (复制品) of the original.”可推断，此处会说到欣赏文学作品最好的方法是阅读作者的原著。
4．选E 本段主要讲掌握一门外语对职业发展的好处。E项“Employers tend to prefer candidates who speak one or more foreign languages.”符合语境。
5．选G 上文谈到许多其他语言对英语语言发展的作用，据此可知，通过学习那些语言可以了解英语词汇和语法结构的起源。
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