2019年高中英语Module5 The Conquest of theUniverse（教案练习）（打包10套）（含解析）外研版选修8

Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe
During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were in competition with each other to see who had the better technology in space. After World War Ⅱboth the United States and the Soviet Union realized how important rocket research would be to the military. They each employed the top rocket scientists from Germany to help with their research. Soon both sides were making progress in rocket technology.
The Space Race began in 1955 when both countries announced that they would soon launch satellites into orbit. The Soviets took the US announcement as a challenge and even set up a commission whose goal was to beat the US in putting a satellite into space. On Oct. 4th, 1957 the Russians placed the first successful satellite called SputnikⅠinto orbit. Thus, the Russians had taken the lead in the Space Race. Four months later, the Americans successfully launched their first satellite called the ExplorerⅠ. However, the Soviets again won the race for putting the first man into space. On Apr. 12th, 1961, Yuri Gagarin was the first man to orbit the Earth in the spacecraft VostokⅠ. Three weeks later, the US launched the Freedom 7 and astronaut Alan Shepherd became the first American in space. However, Shepherd's craft did not orbit the Earth. It was nearly a year later that the first American, John Glenn, orbited the Earth on the Friendship 7 spacecraft.
The Americans were embarrassed at being behind the Space Race. In 1961, President Kennedy announced that he wanted to be the first to put a man on the Moon. He thought this was important for the country and the western world, so the Apollo Moon program was launched.
With the Apollo programs launched, the US had taken a huge lead in the Space Race. In July of 1975 with relations between the US and the Soviet Union beginning to thaw (关系缓和), the first US?Soviet joint mission occurred with the Apollo?Soyez project. The Space Race was effectively over.
Section_ⅠIntroduction & Reading — Pre?reading

[原文呈现]
Space: the Final Frontier
Part 1
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on① the Moon back on 21st July, 1969②， people have become accustomed③ to the idea of space travel. Millions of④ people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware⑤ of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks⑥ had to be taken. With Armstrong's now famous words：“That's one small step for man, one giant⑦ leap for mankind”， a dream was achieved. All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth, using a spaceship computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today⑧.
There were several more journeys into space over the next few years but the single spaceships were very expensive ⑨as they could not take off⑩ more than once?. People were no longer so enthusiastic about? a space travel programme that was costing the United States D|S10 million a day?. That was until the arrival of the space shuttle? — a spacecraft that could be used for several journeys?. The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia — launched from the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April, 1981?. The aim of this flight was to test the new shuttle system, to go safely up into orbit and to return? to the Earth for a safe landing. It was a success and a little more than a decade after Apollo 11's historic? voyage, the Columbia made a safe, controlled, aeroplane?style landing in California. This was the start of a new age? of space travel.
[读文清障]
①set foot on/in 踏上，进入/进到(某处)
②Ever since ...是时间状语从句，主句通常用现在完成时。
③accustomed/?'k?st?md/adj.习惯的
become/be accustomed to 习惯于(注意to为介词)
④millions of 数以百万计的(表泛指)
如果million 前面有具体数字表示确指，则million不能用复数，后面也不加of。
⑤aware adj.意识到的；知道的
be/become aware of 知道；意识到
⑥risk n. & v．危险，风险；使(某人/自己)面临危险
take/run risks/a risk 冒险
risk doing ... 冒险做……
⑦giant adj.巨大的
⑧using a spaceship computer that ... 是现在分词短语作方式状语。该状语中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰a spaceship computer。该定语从句中，used by ...是过去分词短语作定语，修饰the ones。
⑨as they could not take off more than once 是原因状语从句。
⑩take off 起飞；脱掉；成功
take on 雇用，聘用；呈现，具有
?once n．一次 adv.曾经 conj.一旦(引导条件状语从句)
?be enthusiastic about 对……很热情/热心
?that was costing the United States D|S10 million a day 是定语从句，修饰a space travel programme。
?shuttle/'??tl/n.航天飞机
?that could be used for several journeys 是定语从句，修饰a spacecraft。
?launched from ... 为过去分词短语作后置定语。
?to test ..., to go safely up ..., to return ...是三个动词不定式短语作表语。
?historic/hI'st?rIk/adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的
historical adj.(有关)历史的
?age n．时期，时代；年龄　a new age of ……的新纪元
太空：最后的疆域
第一部分
[第1～2段译文]
自从尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次冒险是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。伴随着阿姆斯特朗那句如今已经非常有名的话：“这是一个人的一小步，但是整个人类的一大步”，一个梦想实现了。三位宇航员都顺利返回地球，他们当年使用的计算机远不及现在普通学生使用的电脑高级。
在接下来的几年里，又有几艘宇宙飞船进入太空，但是单程宇宙飞船非常昂贵，因为它们只能被使用一次。人们对每天要花掉美国1 000万美元的太空旅行计划不再那么热衷了。这种情况一直持续到航天飞机的出现——那是一种可以被用来进行多次旅行的航天器。第一个到达太空的航天飞机是“哥伦比亚号”——于1981年4月12日发射于肯尼迪航天中心。这次飞行的目的是测试这种新的飞行器，看其是否能够安全进入轨道、返回地球并且安全着陆。距离“阿波罗11号”历史性的飞行仅仅十年多的时间，这次航行取得了成功，“哥伦比亚号”在控制下以飞机着陆的方式安全地返回了加利福尼亚。这次飞行开辟了宇宙航行的新纪元。　　
By the time? the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space. But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the take?off on TV. An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe, 37, who was married with two children， was to be the first civilian in space. She was going to give two fifteen?minute lessons from space. The first was to show the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked. The second was to describe the aims of the Challenger space programme. Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and create new interest in the space programme.
Sadly， she never came back to her classroom again, as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida and all seven astronauts were killed.
The world was in shock — maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane. But how wrong they were —in one moment excitement and success turned into fear and disaster. It was the worst space accident ever. As one Russian said at the time， “When something like this happens we are neither Russians nor Americans. We are just human beings who have the same feelings.”
?by the time“到……时候”，引导时间状语从句。
amazing adj.惊人的，令人吃惊的
amaze v．使吃惊　amazed adj.吃惊的，惊奇的
amazement n．惊愕，惊异
go up 上升
people going up into space 是动名词复合结构，作of的宾语。
tune/tju?n/v.收看(电视)；收听(广播)
tune in (to sth.)收听(收音机广播节目)；收看(电视节目)
witness/'wItn?s/v.目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历
to witness the take?off on TV是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
who was married with two children 是非限制性定语从句。
give lessons 上课，讲课
work v．此处意为“起作用”。
communicate vt.传达，传递；沟通，交流
communicate ... to ... 把……传递给……
communicate ... with ... 与……交流……
create vt.创造，设计；引起，产生
sadly adv.可悲地，难过地
as the shuttle exploded ... 是原因状语从句。
explode v．爆炸，爆破
shock n．震惊
in shock＝in surprise 处于极度震惊状态
assume/?'sju?m/v.假定，假设
get on 上车(船、飞机等)
turn into 转变为
As one Russian said at the time 是非限制性定语从句。
neither ... nor ... 既不……也不……
who have the same ... 是定语从句，修饰human beings。
[第3～5段译文]
到1986年“挑战者号”起飞之前，人们似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一巨大成就而忘记了恐惧，也失去了好奇心。但是这次将是一次特殊的飞行，因此数百万人打开了电视来一睹这次起飞。一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔·麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。她将在太空中上两节15分钟的课。第一节课将展示怎么操纵太空器并且解释重力如何作用。第二节课将描述“挑战者号”太空计划的目的。克里斯塔希望能传递此项目的兴奋感并引起人们对太空旅行计划的新兴趣。
可悲的是，她再也没有回到她的教室，因为航天飞机在佛罗里达起飞一分多钟后就爆炸了，七名宇航员全部遇难。
全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没有什么危险。但是他们都大错特错了——一刹那间，兴奋和成功就变成了恐惧和灾难。这是有史以来最为严重的太空事故。正如当时一位苏联人所说：“当这样的事情发生的时候，我们不再有美国人或者苏联人之分，我们的感觉是相同的。”

Part 2
I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take?off on TV at school. There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited. We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch. We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle. Then, little more than a minute after take?off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, followed by a cloud of white smoke. The Challenger had exploded in mid?air and we all started screaming.
It happened so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock. Like every schoolboy I had thought that going into space as an astronaut must be the best job in the world. When I heard, a few weeks later, that the bodies of the astronauts and even the teacher's lesson plans had been found at the bottom of the ocean, I was not so sure it was worth it at all. In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.,
watching the take?off on TV at school 是现在分词短语作状语。
patience/'peI?ns/n.耐心
have patience (in) doing sth. 做某事有耐心
wait for 等待
be waiting 准备妥；在手边；可得到
seen the smiling faces of ...是“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构。waving to the world是现在分词短语作宾语补足语。
step into 进入，步入
followed by a cloud of white smoke是过去分词短语作伴随状语。
it指代上文“挑战者号”在半空中爆炸这件事。
in a state of ...＝in a ... state 处于一种……的状态/状况
动名词短语going into space as an astronaut作主语。
at the bottom of 在……的底部
worth adj.值……的
be worth doing 值得做
not ... at all 根本不，一点儿也不
in spite of 不管
in spite of＝despite
advanced/?d'vɑ?nst/adj.高级的，先进的
at the very beginning of 在……一开始的时候
第二部分
我能够清楚地记得那天在学校通过电视观看“挑战者号”起飞的情景。我们都很兴奋，因为有一位普通的老师也在航天飞机上。我们迫不及待地等待着?航天飞机的?发射。当宇航员进入航天飞机的时候，我们看见他们满脸笑容地向人们挥手致意。然后，就在起飞一分钟多一点，我们看到了空中一种奇怪的红色和橘色的光芒，接着就是一团白烟。“挑战者号”在半空爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫起来。
事情发生得太突然了，人们都惊呆了。和其他男生一样，我原本以为作为一名宇航员进入太空一定是世界上最好的工作。几个星期后，当我听说那几位宇航员的遗体以及那位老师的教案在大洋底部被找到的时候，我不再肯定这一切是值得的。即便我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术，我们这个世界依然只是处于太空旅行的起步阶段。


Pre?reading

Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．witness　　　　A．having the most modern and recently developed ideas, methods, etc.
2．burst B．ability to accept delay, annoyance or suffering without complaining
3．accustomed C．to take as true before there is proof
4．assume D．in the habit of; used to
5．patience E．to explode; to break open or apart
6．advanced F．to see sth. happen (typically a crime or an accident)
1～6　____________
答案：1～6　FEDCBA
Lead?in
Look at the following pictures and say who they are.

1．
2． 　
3． 　
4． 　
参考答案：
1．American Neil Armstrong is the first man to set foot on the moon.
2．Russian Yuri Gagarin is the first man in space.
3．Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut.
4．Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut.
While?reading
Fast?reading
Skim the passage and match the parts with their main ideas.
1．Para.1 　　　A．The start of a new age of space travel.
2．Para.2 B．The disaster of the Challenger.
3．Paras.3～4 C．A student's recall of the launch of the Challenger.
4．Para.5 D．The shock of the world at the disaster of the Challenger.
5．Paras.6～7 E．The first moon landing by Neil Armstrong.
答案：1～5　EABDC
Careful?reading
Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．The first man stepped on the moon in ________.
A．spring　　　　　　 　B．summer
C．autumn D．winter
2．The start of a new age of space travel is ________.
A．the success of the Challenger
B．the success of the Columbia
C．the Apollo 11
D．the Pioneer 10
3．How many people were there in the Challenger?
A．3. B．6.
C．7. D．9.
4．What's the general idea of this text?
A．The final frontier.
B．Space journey and its enormous cost.
C．The shuttle.
D．The danger of space journey.
5．From this passage we can infer that ________.
A．space flight was still dangerous
B．space flight was safe
C．no one wanted to travel into space again
D．the space isn't worth exploring
答案：1～5　BBCBA
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the passage.
1．Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken.
[句式分析]

[尝试翻译]　数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次冒险是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。
2．All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth, using a spaceship computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句；主句是All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth; using a spaceship computer ...是现在分词短语作状语，a spaceship computer后面是that引导的定语从句，其中used by the average school students today修饰the ones。
[尝试翻译]　三位宇航员都顺利返回地球，他们当年使用的计算机远不及现在普通学生使用的电脑高级。
3．When I heard, a few weeks later, that the bodies of the astronauts and even the teacher's lesson plans had been found at the bottom of the ocean, I was not so sure it was worth it at all.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。主句是I was not so sure，其中sure后跟宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句，其中that引导的宾语从句作动词heard的宾语。
[尝试翻译]　几个星期后，当我听说那几位宇航员的遗体以及那位老师的教案在大洋底部被找到的时候，我不再肯定这一切是值得的。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations, human beings have been putting great effort into space research.And so far, we have achieved many successes.But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not stop trying to progress.
The international space station (ISS) is an important step we should take in space exploration.It is not only helpful but also essential.It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time.It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe.It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars.In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is set up a space station.
As the space station costs a lot of money, it is hard for one country alone to establish one.The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone, and it has tried to do so, but not very successful.So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together.Though it is still extremely expensive, it is much cheaper than doing it alone.It is really a job that needs everyone's effort and will benefit everyone.
Led by the U．S.and Russia, the ISS is a joint project between six space agencies involving 16 countries.Called the greatest achievement in human cooperation, the ISS has come to the end of ten years' hard work in construction.China has applied for participation in (taking part in) the project many times.Unfortunately all the applications were rejected, which drove China onto the path of independent development.As the Long March Ⅱ?F/T1 carrier rocket blasted off (leave the ground) and successfully carried the Tiangong?1 into space on September 29, 2011, China takes a big step toward its Space Station Era.
Some West media suggested that the successful launch of Tiangong?1 would disturb the balance of global space power, raising concerns about “China threat”．China's space project is not designed for military purpose but for developing space technology to explore space resources and make use of them for mankind's well?being.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各国建立国际空间站，探索太空奥秘的情况。中国致力于和平发展空间技术，并取得了较大的进步和突破。
1．From Paragraph 2 we learn that ________.
A．the necessity of building the international space station is not realized now
B．many experiments have been done in the international space station
C．the international space station is necessary for people to explore space more
D．people have traveled to Mars from the international space station
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is set up a space station.”可知，人类要更好地研究宇宙，首先要建空间站。故选C。
2．Which of the following is NOT a reason for countries' cooperation in building the international space station?
A．That it is too far away from the earth.
B．That it requires a lot of money.
C．That it needs everyone's effort.
D．That it will benefit every participating country.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，各国合作建立国际空间站的原因有：需要大量资金、需要每个参与的国家全力以赴和各国将受益于空间站。故选A。
3．The underlined word “aggregated” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”．
A．united　　　　　　　 　B．scolded
C．allowed D．forbade
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据下文“work on it together”可知，aggregate意为“集合，凝聚”，故选A。
4．China wants to build its space station in order to ______.
A．show that China can build space station alone
B．raise international concerns about “China threat”
C．make use of space peacefully for mankind's well?being
D．break the balance of global space power
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“...but for developing space technology to explore space resources and make use of them for mankind's well?being.”可知，中国建立空间站的目的是和平利用空间资源来造福人类，故选C。
B
Astronomers (天文学家) say they are on the point of finding planets like Earth orbiting other stars, which is a key step in determining if we are alone in the universe.
A top NASA official and other leading scientists say that within four or five years they should discover the first Earth?like planet where life could develop, or may have already. A planet close to the size of Earth could even be found sometime this year.
At the annual American Astronomical Society conference this week, each discovery involving so?called “exoplanets” — those outside our solar system — pointed to the same conclusion: Quiet planets like Earth where life could develop probably are plentiful.
NASA's new Kepler telescope and a lot of new research from the suddenly hot and competitive exoplanet field caused noticeable buzz at the meeting. Scientists are talking about being at “an incredible special place in history” and closer to answering a question that has dogged humanity since the beginning of civilization. “Are we alone? For the first time, there's an optimism that sometime in our lifetimes we're going to get_to_the_bottom_of that，” said Simon Worden, an astronomer who heads NASA's Ames Research Center. “If I were a betting man, which I am, I would bet we're not alone.”
“These are big questions that reflect upon the meaning of the human race in the universe，” the director of the Vatican Observatory, the Rev. Jose Funes, said on Wednesday in an interview at this week's conference.
Worden told The Associated Press: “I would certainly expect in the next four or five years we'd have an Earthsized planet in the habitable (可居住的) zone.”
语篇解读：天文学家说，他们即将在其他恒星周围找到类似地球的行星，在那里生命可以形成，或者可能已经形成。到那时候就可以回答人类在宇宙中是否孤单这一问题了。
5．From the first two paragraphs we can learn ________.
A．astronomers has found planets like Earth orbiting other stars
B．finding other stars is a key step in determining if we are alone
C．it's possible that a planet like Earth will be found this year
D．scientists say that life have developed on the first Earth?like planet
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“A planet close to the size of Earth could even be found sometime this year.”一颗类似地球的行星可能在今年的某个时候被发现。故答案为C。
6．According to the passage an exoplanet is a planet ________.
A．like Earth
B．outside our solar system
C．orbiting the sun
D．where life have developed
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段“‘exoplanets’ — those outside our solar system”可得出答案。
7．The underlined words “get to the bottom of” in Paragraph 4 probably mean “________”.
A．understand fully　　 　 　B．make full use of
C．search for D．do more research on
解析：选A　词义猜测题。西蒙这句话的意思是：我们第一次有了乐观的看法，在我们的有生之年，我们将能弄清这个问题的真相。get to the bottom of“弄清真相，彻底弄明白”。
8．From the passage we can learn ________.
A．an Earth?like planet has been found
B．it's been proved we are not alone in the universe
C．Jose Funes has found the meaning of the human race in the universe
D．the discovery of an Earth?like planet could happen in the near future
解析：选D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，天文学家们认为在不久的将来，他们将在其他恒星周围找到类似地球的行星，证明人类在宇宙中并不孤单。
C
Elon Musk says Space X is developing a plan for trips to Mars (火星) that will eventually cost just D|S500,000 per seat. Musk founded Space X 10 years ago and space travel has always been one of his goals for the company. Few details were provided about the Martian voyage, but Musk did say we can expect to hear more about the plan in less than a year.
The price for a trip to Mars also highlights (突出) Musk's main effort behind Space X, to bring down the cost of delivering a human into space. In an interview with the BBC, Musk admitted that the first seats won't be selling for D|S500,000. It will take a while to get down to that price. But Musk says the half?million dollar ticket could happen a decade after trips begin. “Land on Mars, a roundtrip ticket — half a million dollars. It can be done，” he told the BBC.
Musk did say that one of the keys to low?cost trips to the red planet would be the ability to not only fuel there, but also to reuse the entire spaceship on the return trip. In the BBC interview Musk said by reusing the spaceship, you end up with the same sorts of costs airlines face. Musk compared it to flying today where a 747 isn't simply thrown away after a flight to London. Like the airplane, the cost of the spaceship could be spread out over many flights rather than just a single trip. The D|S500,000 price is around one percent of the cost NASA is now paying to send a person to the space station on a Russian rocket.
The talk of Martian travel came with Space X's most recent development news of its Dragon capsule. As the California company prepares to send a Dragon to the International Space Station next month, it completed the first crew trial with NASA. The event gave NASA astronauts a chance to test out the 7?seat capsule that is being developed to carry human passengers as well as goods.
语篇解读：“Space X”公司宣称，火星旅行开始后的十年内，一张往返票仅需50万美元。火星游客所乘坐的“龙”式太空舱现在正在研发和试验中。
9．According to the passage, Elon Musk ________.
A．will go to Mars at the cost of D|S500,000
B．is the leader of the Space X company
C．is an American astronaut from NASA
D．will send people to Mars in less than a year
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，埃隆·马斯克于十年前成立了“Space X”公司。故答案为B。
10．What makes the trip to Mars at such a low cost possible?
A．Taking enough fuel.
B．Reusing the spaceship.
C．Using the airplane again.
D．Building the space station.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，通过反复使用飞船，它们就能像飞机一样，宇宙飞船的成本不是由单次飞行承担，而可以通过多次飞行被平摊。故答案为B。
11．From the passage we can infer ________.
A．its Dragon capsule has taken the first passengers to Mars
B．NASA pays D|S5,000,000 for Russia to take one astronaut into space
C．the Dragon capsule is a spaceship made by NASA astronauts
D．Space X will use a Dragon capsule for passengers to make a trip to Mars
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，“Space X”公司与NASA(美国国家航空航天局)合作完成了首次机组试验，这一事件为NASA宇航员提供了试验七座式太空舱的机会，这种七座式飞船仍处于研发中，以实现运送旅客和货物的目的。故答案为D。
12．The main idea of the passage is ________.
A．the ticket to Mars will cost just D|S500,000
B．Space X is working together with NASA
C．the Dragon capsule is a cheap spaceship
D．the travel to Mars is becoming popular
解析：选A　主旨大意题。本文第一段第一句就点明了文章的主旨：埃隆·马斯克称“Space X”公司正在开发火星旅行计划，每个座位最终会仅售50万美元。后面内容是对这一主旨的详细说明。故答案为A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you're thinking about going to a new country, or are looking to learn how to speak a foreign language while you are in a different country, the tips in this article will help you to find the support you need.
Carry a pocket dictionary with you.
This is one of the most important things that you can do because it will program you to listen for words you aren't familiar with. __1__ You don't want to spend five minutes thumbing through a dictionary while having a conversation about the weather.
Try to find an employee at a local restaurant or store to help you with the language.
When restaurants or stores aren't busy, employees are being paid to make sure that you are finding everything you need. When there aren't many other customers, it may be appropriate to ask a few questions about the language. However, don't abuse this privilege.__2__
Work with a language teacher online.
This option doesn't require you to wait until you arrive at a new place, since you can do it anywhere in the world. __3__ Check out websites which offer access to professional language teachers.
Live with a host family.
__4__ Whether it's getting home?cooked dishes or learning the local slang (俚语), it's always great to meet other people in a new country, rather than traveling alone. Local host families may be free, but working out those arrangements is up to you.
__5__
This is by far one of the most rewarding things of going to a new country: meeting new people and forming new relationships. When you develop a friendship with someone who needs to learn your native tongue, you can bond at a deeper level and help them while they help you.
A．Find someone who needs to learn your language.
B．There are certain advantages of staying with locals.
C．While most employees are polite, they aren't paid tutors.
D．When you move to another country, everything is fresh and new.
E．You can also continue to learn with them even if you move to a new place.
F．Develop confidence for a language you might not be very comfortable to use.
G．Always wait until after your conversation to look up words unless it is an emergency.

1．选G　本句表转折，提醒读者要注意使用词典的时机。
2．选C　本句呼应上文，告诉读者不能认为餐厅或商店里的服务员可以无休止地帮助你，他们不是付费的老师。
3．选E　本句对上文进行补充，说明在网上跟一个老师学习的另一个好处。
4．选B　本句为下文的内容进行铺垫，说明住在当地人家里对你的语言学习等很有益处。
5．选A　本句概括了本段的主要内容，即找到一个想要学习你的母语的人，互相帮助，建立更深的友谊。












14









Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points

一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.leap n. 　　　　　　　飞跃，跳跃 2.tune v. 收看(电视)；收听(广播) 3.witness v. 目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历 4.burst v. 爆炸 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.accustomed adj.习惯的→accustom v．使习惯于 2.historic adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的→historical adj.有关历史的→history n．历史 3.assume v．假定，假设→assumption n．假想 4.patience n．耐心→patient adj.耐心的 5.advanced adj.高级的，先进的→advance v．前进 1.leap n．飞跃，跳跃[过去式、过去分词]　leaped/leapt, leaped/leapt 2.tune v．收看(电视)；收听(广播) [词块]　tune in 收听 3.witness v．目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历 [联想]　表示看见的词：see, watch, notice, observe, gaze 4.burst v．爆炸 [过去式、过去分词]　burst, burst 5.patience n．耐心 [串记]　It is known to all that fishing needs patience, so if you want to have some fishes to eat, you should be patient. 6.assume v．假定；假设 [串记]　It is assumed that hard work leads to great success, so we assume him to be successful. But assuming that he isn't that lucky, what shall we do to comfort him？

二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.set foot on　　　　　　　　踏上 2.slow down 减速 3.be/become accustomed to 习惯于 4.be aware of 意识到 5.make it 做成，成功 6.in shock 处在震惊中 7.in spite of 不管，尽管 8.at the very beginning of 在……一开始的时候 1.ever since　　从那时起2.space travel 太空旅行 3.more than once 不止一次 4.in space 在太空 5.a sense of excitement 激动感 6.at the bottom of the ocean 在海洋底部 7.advanced technology 先进的科技

三、这样记句式

先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths ...数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼…… their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。 Book_in_hand,_the English teacher walked into the classroom. 手里拿着一本书，英语老师走进了教室。
2.By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.到1986年“挑战者号”起飞之前，人们似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一巨大成就而忘记了恐惧，也失去了好奇心。 seem to have done ...“似乎已经……”，have done表明发生在谓语动作之前的动作。 She seemed_to_have_known_about the news.她似乎已经知道了这个消息。
3.The world was in shock — maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没有什么危险。 ... no＋比较级＋than ...“同……一样不……”。 This story is no_more_interesting_than the one that Tom told us yesterday. 这个故事和汤姆昨天讲的那个故事一样没趣。



1．(教材P58)Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.
自从尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。
?accustomed adj.习惯的
(1)be/get/become accustomed to
　　　　　　　　 习惯于……
(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于……，使适应……
accustom oneself/(sb.) to (doing) sth. 使某人习惯于(做)某事
①I am accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep.
我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
②It took me a long time to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations.
我花了很长时间才适应了所有新的规章制度。
[名师点津]　be/get/become accustomed to和accustom oneself to中的to为介词，后面接v.?ing形式。
2．(教材P58)But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the take?off on TV.
但是这次将是一次特殊的飞行，因此数百万人打开了电视来一睹这次起飞。
?witness v．目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历n.证人，证据，目击者
(1)witness to (doing) sth.　　　 为(做)某事作证
(2)in witness of 作为……的证明
be (a) witness to 目睹，能证明
bear/give witness to 为……作证
①The box?office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015.(2017·江苏高考书面表达)
中国电影票房收入见证了从2012年的170亿元到2015年400亿元以上的持续增长。
②He witnessed_to_having seen the man enter the room.
他证实看见这个人进入这个房间。
③The success of the show gives witness to our good plan.
演出的成功证明我们计划周全。
[名师点津]　除了可以用人作主语外，witness还可以用时间或地点作主语，意为“是……发生的时间或地点；见证”，有此用法的动词还有see。
3．(教材P58)The world was in shock — maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.
全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没有什么危险。
?assume v．假定，假设；承担，担任；呈现
(1)assume that　　　　 假定，认为……
assume ... to be ... 认为……如何；假定……如何
assuming (that) 假定……(作状语)
(2)assumed adj. 假装的，假的
assumption n. 假想
①We assumed that the train would be on time.
我们以为火车会准时到站。
②We assumed the statement to_be (be) true.
我们假定这种说法是正确的。
③Assuming (assume) that the weather is favourable, farmers will have a bumper harvest this year.
假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。
[名师点津]　assuming that ...相当于一个表示“假设”的条件状语从句。类似的词还有provided, providing, supposing等。

4．(教材P59)We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch.
我们迫不及待地等待着(航天飞机的)发射。
?patience n．耐心
(1)be out of patience with ...　　　 对……忍无可忍
have no patience with 对……不能容忍，
对……没有耐性
with patience 耐心地
(2)patient adj. 有耐心的
n. 病人
be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
be patient of sth. 忍耐某事
(3)patiently adv. 耐心地
①Our teacher always explains the problems to us with patience.
我们老师总是耐心地给我们讲解问题。
②If you don't stop making that noise now, I'll be out_of patience with you!
你要是再不停止吵闹，我可要发火了。
③The patient is just a small child, so you should be patient (patience) with him.
那个病人只不过是个小孩子，你应该对他耐心点。
5．(教材P59)In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.
即便我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术，我们这个世界依然只是处于太空旅行的起步阶段。
?in spite of 不顾，尽管
①In spite of feeling tired, we went on working on the project.
尽管感觉很累，我们还是继续从事这项工程。
②In_spite_of/Despite the bad weather, they still run on the playground.
尽管天气恶劣，他们仍然在操场上跑步。
[辨析比较]　in spite of, regardless of
in spite of/ despite 相当于despite(较正式)，表示“不管，尽管”，侧重指客观情况
regardless of 表示“不管，不顾”，侧重于主观上的“不考虑”
选用上述短语填空
③Regardless_of what you say, I'm going.
④I went out in_spite_of the rain.
?advanced adj.高级的，先进的
advance n．　　　　　　 前进，提前，预付
v. 前进，提前，预付，提出(建议、
看法、理论等)
in advance 提前；预先
in advance of 在……前面，在……之前
advance on/upon sb. 向某人走去
①We must study hard to master some advanced technology.
我们必须努力学习去掌握某些先进的技术。
②If you warn me in_advance,_I will have your order ready for you.
你若预先通知我，我就能给您准备好了。
③His idea was well in_advance_of the age in which he lived.
他的思想远远超出了他所生活的年代。
6．(教材P59)to burst with a lot of force and loud noise
伴随着强大的威力和巨响的爆炸
?burst v．爆炸，破裂
burst in　　　　　　　 突然闯入
burst into 突然闯进；突然进入(哭、笑等某种状态)
burst out doing sth. 突然做某事
①It was very rude of you to burst in on him while he was working.
你在他工作时去打搅他，真是鲁莽。
②When I told the joke everyone burst into laughter.
当我说这个笑话时每个人都忍不住笑了出来。
③Scarcely had she heard the sad story when she burst out crying (cry)．
她一听到这个悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭了。

Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken.
数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次冒险是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。
“their hearts in their mouths”为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构的构成：名词或代词＋非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语，其中名词或代词为“独立主格结构”的逻辑主语。
①Spring coming, it gets warmer and warmer.
春天来了，天气越来越暖和了。
②The experiment done (do), the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.
实验做完了，同学们继续在实验报告上做笔记。
③The last guest to_arrive (arrive), our party was started.
最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会就开始了。
④Hands red with cold, they were sweeping the snow outdoors.
他们在户外扫雪，两手冻得通红。
⑤Class over,_all the students went to play on the playground.
下课了，学生们都到操场上去玩耍。
[名师点津]　独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。它的位置相当灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子其他部分分开。


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Accustomed (accustom) to climbing the steep mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top.
2．He sat there, his arms crossed (cross) in front of his chest.
3．The driver witnessed to having_seen (see) the man enter the building.
4．I have no patience with people who like to smoke in restaurants.
5．It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the advanced (advance) maths.
6．The teacher's jokes made the students burst into laughter (laugh).
7．Assuming (assume) that this news is true, what would you do?
8．He serves the public wholeheartedly in spite of his personal gain or loss.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I'm accustomed to have a walk for a while by the river after dinner.have→having
2．A lot of people make the assumption poverty only exists in the Third World.assumption后加that
3．Weather permits, we'll go to visit our teacher this afternoon.permits→permitting
4．These art works bear witness of the creativeness of the Chinese people.第一个of→to
5．You should learn to be patient with pains when you are faced with difficulties.第一个with→of
6．Hardly had she entered the room when she burst into crying.crying→tears或into→out

一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He leapt (跳跃) out of the chair, which surprised me greatly.
2．More money is needed for the upkeep of the historic (历史性的) buildings.
3．He soon gets accustomed (习惯的) to dormitory life and makes two or three friends.
4．Every one here likes to tune (收看) in to Channel 1 to hear the news.
5．(2015·重庆高考) History has witnessed (见证) the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.
6．His views are grounded on the assumption (假设) that all people are equal.
7．Learning to walk again after his accident required great patience (耐心)．
8．The date of the meeting has been advanced (提前) from Friday to Monday.
9．Hundreds of people were flooded out when the river burst (爆裂) its banks.
10．These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint (联合的) venture.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The girl said that she had been a witness to the accident.
2．We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
3．He's taught me a lot and has always been patient with me.
4．It's impolite of you to visit someone without telling him in advance.
5．As he walked into the classroom with that funny looking hat, everyone burst out laughing.
6．We redoubled our efforts, each man working (work) like two.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1.This English film is well worth seeing in_spite_of its long time.
2．Whenever I am at leisure, I am_accustomed_to growing flowers.
3．At_the_very_beginning_of the term, some of the students perhaps may not get accustomed to the new school life.
4．The door opened suddenly and the children burst_in.
5．The plane reached Hong Kong ten minutes in_advance_of its scheduled time.
6．The floods gave_witness_to the kindness of strangers in an emergency.
7．Assuming_that the proposal is accepted, where are we going to get the money?
8．He who teaches the deaf and dumb must be filled with_patience.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, 1.which was one small step for man, but one giant leap for mankind. People have become 2.accustomed (accustom) to the idea of space travel. Millions of people watched that first moon 3.landing (land) on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and 4.dangerous (danger) an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken.
Later, people were no longer enthusiastic about a space travel programme because 5.of its high cost. The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia — 6.launched (launch) from the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April, 1981, which was the start of a new age of space travel. In 1986, the Challenger carrying the first civilian, Christa, who hoped 7.to_communicate (communicate) a sense of excitement and create new interest in the space programme, exploded just over one minute after 8.taking (take) off in Florida and all seven astronauts 9.were_killed (kill). The space disaster makes us feel that we are neither Russians 10.nor Americans. We are just human beings who have the same feelings.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
1969年，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登上(set foot on)月球，这是人类探索太空的一个巨大飞跃(leap)。数百万人打开电视目睹(witness)了这件事。从那以后，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经习惯(accustomed)了。但1986年，“挑战者号”在起飞后仅仅一分多钟就爆炸(burst)了。这场灾难表明尽管(in spite of)我们现在掌握了已有的先进(advanced)技术，但是世界依然只是处在探究太空的起步阶段。
In_1969,_American_astronaut_Neil_Armstrong_first_set_foot_on_the_Moon_back,_which_was_a_giant_leap_for_mankind_in_space_exploration._Millions_of_people_tuned_in_to_witness_it_on_TV._People_have_been_accustomed_to_the_idea_of_space_travel_ever_since._But_in_1986,_the_Challenger_burst_just_over_a_minute_after_take?off._The_disaster_shows_that_the_world_is_still_only_at_the_very_beginning_of_its_voyage_into_space_in_spite_of_all_our_advanced_technology.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
I was coming back from work late in a “Sharing” minivan. In Hyderabad, India, it is a cheap and quick mode of __1__. Such vans, designed for eight people, carry as many as thirteen at times. Our van was __2__ as well.
One girl __3__ the driver to stop and wriggled (扭动) herself out. When getting off, she tripped and __4__. None of us noticed it, as it was __5__. The driver was waiting for her to __6__. It was at that time that we __7__ the girl was on her knees by the side of the road. One passenger and I got off and held her up.
Even in __8__， she struggled to her feet and asked that passenger to hand her note to the driver. My __9__ was a few hundred meters away. I decided to __10__ with her till she was fine. I paid the driver for __11__ and after receiving the money, he took __12__ with all other passengers.
I neither knew her nor did I know what to do, __13__ I was there, blurting out (脱口而出) some __14__ words to a stranger in pain. From out of __15__， her friend joined us. We made her sit in a lawn and examined her leg. The ankle had __16__. Then they both hired an auto and rushed to a nearby __17__ to have a further check. She thanked me and said they could manage __18__ it was only a minor problem.
I do not know if I did __19__， but I feel I gave her some comfort in a(n) __20__ way.

1．A.living　　　　　　　　 　B．operation
C．expression D．transport
解析：选D　minivan是一种(八人)小客车，并根据后文内容可知，这里指一种交通方式(mode of transport)。
2．A.well?designed B．overcrowded
C．well?preserved D．outdated
解析：选B　前文提到，这种车只能承载8人，但却搭载了13人，且由后文扭动的动作可知，车上非常拥挤(overcrowded)。
3．A.signaled B．allowed
C．sent D．instructed
解析：选A　一个女孩发信号(signaled)提醒司机她要下车。
4．A.bled B．cried
C．fell D．yawned
解析：选C　根据前文的tripped和后文中的“on her knees”可知，这个女孩摔倒(fell)了。
5．A.sudden B．dark
C．slight D．common
解析：选B　没有人注意到女孩摔倒，因为当时天黑了。第一段第一句中的late和后文乘客发现女孩摔倒都是此处的提示。
6．A.leave B．ride
C．stand D．pay
解析：选D　根据第三段中的“asked that passenger to hand her note to the driver”可知，司机在等女孩付钱(pay)。
7．A.saw B．believed
C．imagined D．agreed
解析：选A　在等待的时候，乘客们才留意到女孩跪在路边。
8．A.surprise B．embarrassment
C．pain D．delight
解析：选C　根据后文“she struggled to her feet”以及倒数第二段中的“a stranger in pain”可知，这里是指疼痛(pain)之中。
9．A.company B．stop
C．school D．hospital
解析：选B　后文提到汽车先走了，由此可推断，作者还没有到站(stop)，他的那一站还有数百米。
10．A.wait B．meet
C．deal D．stay
解析：选D　作者要到的站虽然还很远，但是作者决定留下来(stay)陪着这个女孩。
11．A.her B．us
C．myself D．him
解析：选C　作者决定留下来后，为自己(myself)付了车费。
12．A.off B．up
C．away D．over
解析：选A　司机收到钱后，匆忙开走。take off此处意为“匆忙离开”。
13．A.for B．but
C．so D．or
解析：选B　句意：虽然我不知道她是谁，也不知道该做些什么，但是我就在那里。该空前后为转折关系。故选but。
14．A.inspiring B．annoying
C．amazing D．comforting
解析：选D　说一些话抚慰疼痛中的陌生人，文章最后一段中的comfort也是提示，故选comforting。
15．A.nowhere B．everywhere
C．somewhere D．anywhere
解析：选A　她的朋友不知从哪儿冒出来。from out of nowhere指“突然出现”。
16．A.broken B．recovered
C．swollen D．strengthened
解析：选C　根据本段末提到的“only a minor problem”可知，只是一点小问题，应该是肿了(swollen)。
17．A.hotel B．clinic
C．station D．community
解析：选B　根据后文的“to have a further check”可知，女孩和她的朋友去了附近的诊所(clinic)。
18．A.although B．until
C．unless D．as
解析：选D　因为是小问题，所以女孩和她的朋友两个人便可以处理了。前后两个分句为因果关系，故选as。
19．A.enough B．again
C．right D．hard
解析：选A　前文说只有女孩和她的朋友两个人去了诊所，作者并没有去，此处作者在回想自己是否做到足够(enough)了。
20．A.great B．obvious
C．small D．extreme
解析：选C　作者虽然不知道自己是否做到位了，但认为自己还是稍稍安慰了那个女孩。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Our mothers accompanied us to school in the first day. Soon a teacher came and led us to a classroom. There we were put into four separate class. Some children begin to cry as the parents were not allowing into the classroom. I did not cry because I have been to kindergarten before. Actual my mother went home soon after for she knew I would be all right. It was enjoyable time for me as I got to know my new classmates. The teacher was very busy for writing down our information so they had plenty of time to ourselves. In the meantime some children continued to sob although their parents looked in anxiously through the window.
答案：第一句：in→on
第三句：class→classes
第四句：begin→began; allowing→allowed
第五句：have→had
第六句：Actual→Actually
第七句：was后加an
第八句：去掉for; they→we
第九句：although→while/when/as







PAGE



10









Section Ⅲ Grammar— 复习名词性从句

?语法图解

?探究发现
①What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth.
②It's well?known that the ancient Chinese invented the rocket.
③We think it probable that he is dead.
④The teacher showed us the controls of the spacecraft and explained how gravity worked.
⑤They insisted that everyone (should) come to the party.
⑥The proposal that we (should) import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.
⑦I have no idea when she will be back.
⑧The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
⑨The problem is who we can get to replace her.
[我的发现]
(1)①②句为主语从句，③④⑤句为宾语从句，⑥⑦句为同位语从句，⑧⑨句为表语从句。
(2)②③⑤⑥⑧句中的引导词只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，①⑨句中的引导词为连接代词，④⑦句中的引导词为连接副词。
(3)②③句中使用了it作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。
(4)⑤句中的that可省略，其他句中的that一般不可省略。
(5)⑤⑥句中的从句使用了虚拟语气。

名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的连接词
1．that
(1)that只起连接词作用，引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，本身也没有词义。
That he is still alive is sheer luck.
他还活着全靠运气。
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。
(2)that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略，但在以下情况中，that不宜省略。
①that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。
②当动词后带有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。
③当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略。
④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不能省略。
⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。
The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.
老师告诉学生要在第二天上交作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。
The fact that he has fully recovered makes me feel good.
他已痊愈，真令我高兴。
2．whether/if
(1)if，whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，whether与if表示“是否”，只起连接词的作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分。
(2)whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
①whether引导主语从句并放在句首。
②引导表语从句、同位语从句。
③whether从句作介词宾语。
④从句后有“or not”。
⑤后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test.
现在的问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
[即时演练1]　用that/whether/if填空
①That the college will take in more new students this year is true.
②Whether he can finish this task on time is of great importance.
③The students asked the question if/whether the book was worth reading.
④Let me know whether or not you can come.
⑤I don't know if/whether he still lives there after so many years.
⑥We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.
⑦Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.
⑧He has made it clear that he will not give in.
3．疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how
疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是：
(1)疑问词保留自己的疑问含义；
(2)疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语；
(3)这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
Do you know whom they are looking for?
你知道他们在找谁吗？
I don't know who did it.
我不知道这是谁干的。
[即时演练2]　选词填空

①I have no idea why Mike refused an offer from Yale University; that's one of his favorite universities.
②These shoes look very good. I wonder how much they cost.
③When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
④If it is what we need, we will buy it.
⑤The problem is who we can get to solve this question.
⑥A straw shows which way the wind blows.
⑦Have you decided whom you are to elect as your assistant?
⑧I wonder whose book this is.
⑨I don't know where Lu Xun once lived.
4．whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever引导名词性从句的用法
whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中whatever, whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever ＝ anything that, whoever ＝ anyone who。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind.
我想到什么就说什么。
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.
谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
[即时演练3]　选词填空

①I'll give the ticket to whoever wants it.
②I don't let my children do whatever they like.
③He was free to marry whomever he chose.
④Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize.
二、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句
1．that引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。
It it quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很显然，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.
你非离开不可，真是遗憾。
2．whether/who/what ...等疑问词引导主语从句时也常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句置于句末。
It it not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做那项工作。
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。
3．动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面的宾语从句跟宾语补足语时，常使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。
I think it best that you should stay here.
我认为你最好待在这儿。
4．有些动词如：have, take (认为), put (表达), like, see to等＋形式宾语it＋that从句。
I like it that you came.
你来了，我很高兴。
I take it (that) he will come on time.
我认为他会准时来的。
5．表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等＋it＋when (if) 从句。
I like it when people are open and straight.
我喜欢人们开朗、坦率的性格。
I really appreciate it when she offered to help.
如果她能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。
I would prefer it if you would not use such a mocking tone.
如果你不使用这么一种嘲弄的口吻，我会更喜欢。
[即时演练4]　单句语法填空
①I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day.
②I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.
③I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
④It is doubtful whether he will come here.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·江苏高考)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to D|S20, half of what it used to charge.
2．(2017·天津高考)She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
3．(2017·北京高考)Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
4．(2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree?lined street, not knowing where she was heading.
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them，especially when you're raising children.
6．(2016·北京高考)Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.
7．(2016·四川高考)Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do.
8．(2015·北京高考)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
9．(2015·重庆高考)We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
10．(2015·安徽高考)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not what ships are built for.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)To start with, what_I_intend_to_stress_is_that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 a．m. next Friday.
首先，我想强调的是下周五上午十点钟在教学楼的8号教室我们将开始我们的下节课。
2．(2017·北京高考书面表达)I_do_hope_that my advice will be of some help to you and that you'll have a good time in China.
我确实希望我的建议能对你有帮助，也希望你在中国玩得快乐。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I have just found that_I_have_to_attend_an_important_class_meeting that afternoon.
我刚刚发现那天下午我不得不参加一个重要的班会。
4．(2015·重庆高考满分作文)All the participants can get what_they_want.
所有的参与者都可以得到他们想要的东西。
5．First of all, I'd like to know when_the_class_will_start and how many students there will be in a class.
首先，我想知道什么时候开始上课，一个班里会有多少学生。
6．To practice as much as possible is where_the_secret_lies.
尽可能多的练习是秘诀所在。
7．I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and that's why_I'm_writing_to_voice_my_opinion.
我读了关于你们学校英语报纸的改版，这就是我写信表达我的意见的原因。
8．In such a case I will insist on whatever_I_think_is_right.
在这种情况下，我会坚持我无论我想什么都是正确的。
Ⅲ.短文改错
I visited my aunt in the countryside near the city last week. I was surprising to see that great changes had been taken place in the countryside. Take my aunt's family for example. We supply precious trees and flowers to the stores in the city and have ten workers working for themselves. Their family's income reached as much 100,000 yuan last year. Not only did they have a house, a car and computers, they can also afford a trip abroad every year. When asking what else they needed most, they said that they wanted to learn a few English so that they could do business with foreigners directly. To their delighted, my cousin can use that he has learned from university to help them with overseas trade.
答案：第二句：surprising→surprised; 去掉been
第四句：We→They; themselves→them
第五句：much后加as
第六句：did→do
第七句：asking→asked; few→little
第八句：delighted→delight; that→what







PAGE



3









Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module

Step 1　Choose the best answers according to the passage on P64.
1．Where does the passage probably come from?
A．A newspaper article.
B．A scientific report.
C．A school science textbook.
D．A collection of photographs.
2．Which of the following is the best summary of the passage?
A．Using the Cassini?Huygens space probe, an internat?ional space project has proved that Saturn is light enough to float on water, and that one of its moons, Titan, has liquid on the surface like the Earth.
B．Titan and Phoebe are two of Saturn's moons, and are made of a mixture of tiny pieces of rock, water and frozen gases. They look very much like the Earth and our Moon. The photos taken by the space probe are so clear that it is easy to forget how far they come.
C．The Cassini?Huygens space probe, which was launched in 1997 to explore Saturn, has sent back photos of the planet and its moons from a distance of one?and?a?half?billion kilometres.
答案：1～2　AC
Step 2　Choose the best answers according to the passage on P67.
1．What does “in random order” mean?
A．Something not in a logical order.
B．Things not in the order in which they happened.
C．Something in a complicated way.
D．Doing something rapidly.
2．Luke escapes the latter's grasp means ________.
A．Luke is successfully turned to the Dark Side
B．Luke escapes from the Emperor
C．Darth Vader catches hold of Luke
D．Luke escapes from his father
3．What influenced the main philosophy of Star Wars?
A．Taoism.　　　　　　　 　B．Yin and Yang.
C．Many religious faiths. D．Qi.
4．What do the language and clothing convey in Star Wars?
A．Taoist philosophy.
B．The dangers of fear, anger and hate.
C．Random order.
D．The philosophy of the Force.
5．What does the passage mainly describe?
A．The passage describes the story and characters of the Star Wars film.
B．The passage talks about the importance of Star Wars, the story and its philosophy.
C．The passage describes how the Force reflects concepts from Greek, Roman and Chinese folk stories and philosophy.
D．The passage talks about the conflict between the evil Empire and the Rebel Alliance.
答案：1～5　BBADC
Step 3　True (T) or False (F) passage on P69.
1．The War of the Worlds is the most important novel in the history of science fiction.__T__
2．Welles set a panic across England by broadcasting the radio drama of The War of the Worlds.__F__
3．The War of the Worlds will be remembered as a piece of broadcasting history.__T__

一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.view v．　　　　　　　看，观察 2.decade n. 十年 3.acknowledge v. 承认；认为 4.deed n. 行为 5.defeat n. 失败 6.accuse v. 指责 7.swear v. 起誓保证 8.sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛 9.latter n. (刚提及的两个人或物之中的)后一个， 第二个 10.grasp n. 控制 11.abstract adj. 抽象的 12.foresee v. 预知；预见 13.aid n. 帮助 14.broad adj. 丰富的；广泛的 15.dignity n. 尊贵；尊严 16.pray v. 祷告；祈祷 17.impact n. 影响，作用 18.underway adj. 在进行中的 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.relief n．安慰；宽慰→relieve v．减轻；缓解→relieved adj.宽慰的；不再忧虑的 2.division n．部分；分开；分割→divide v．把……分成(若干部分) 3.sympathy n．同情；同情心→sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的→sympathize v．同情；怜悯；体谅 4.commitment n．忠诚；奉献→commit v．忠于；使承担义务；承诺；犯(错/罪) 5.faith n．宗教信仰；信念；信任→faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的；守信的→faithfully adv.忠诚地；忠实地 6.devotion n．忠诚；深爱；挚爱；奉献；献身→devote v．把……奉献(给……)→devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的 7.stable adj.稳定的；安定的→stably adv.稳定地；牢固地 8.consult v．咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问→consultation n．商量；磋商；建议；意见 9.arguably adv.有争议地→arguable adj.有争议的→argue v．争论；争辩→argument n．争论；辩论 10.invasion n．入侵→invade v．侵略；入侵→invader n．侵略者；入侵者 11.observation n．观察；监视→observe v．观察；监视；注视→observer n．观察者；观测者；目击者 12.inescapable adj.不可避免的→escapable adj.可以避免的；可以逃避的→escape n．& v．逃离；逃脱 13.deliberately adv.蓄意地，故意地→deliberate adj.故意的；有意的；蓄意的 14.depend v．依靠；取决于→dependence n．信赖；依赖→dependent adj.依靠的；依赖的 1.decade n．十年[词块]　①the past decade 在过去的十年里 ②last decade 在最近的十年 [联想]　fortnight n. 两星期；十四天 2.acknowledge v．承认；认为 [近义]　admit v. 承认 [比较]　①acknowledge强调在一定压力下承认 ②admit强调勉强承认 3.deed n．行为 [词块]　do good deeds 做好事 4.defeat n．失败 [同义]　beat v. 打败 5.accuse v．指责 [同义]　①charge vt.控告；指责 ②blame vt.埋怨；责备；指责 6.swear v．起誓保证 [过去式、过去分词]　swore, sworn 7.sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛 [近义]　grief, sadness [比较]　①sorrow主要用于失去亲人或痛苦的经历而引发的悲痛 ②grief主要指由突发事件引起的悲痛 ③sadness是表示“悲痛，难过”的普通用语 8.latter n．(刚提及的两个人或物之中的)后一个，第二个 [形近]　later adj.　　较后的；较新的 [反义]　former adj. (两者中)前者的；以前的 9.foresee v．预知；预见 [过去式、过去分词]　foresaw, foreseen 10.aid n．帮助 [近义]　assist, help [比较]　①aid多指经济上或其他方面急需的援助 ②assist只是表示辅助性的帮助 ③help用法则比较广泛 11.broad adj.丰富的；广泛的 [形近]　①board n．木板；布告板v.上船(或飞机、火车、公共汽车等) ②abroad adv.到国外 12.relief n．安慰；宽慰 [串记]　In relief, the medicine that his son bought from USA relieved his pain greatly. 13.devotion n．忠诚；深爱；奉献 [串记]　The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to his education cause.

二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.depend on　　　　　　　依赖，取决于 2.a series of 一系列的；一连串的 3.accuse sb. of doing sth. 指责某人做某事 4.to one's great relief 使某人感到非常宽慰的是 5.be consistent with 与……一致，符合 6.pray for 祈望；祈求 7.be similar to 与……相似的 8.set in motion 使某事开始 9.set out 开始做，着手进行 10.in panic 惊慌地 1.other than　　　　　　　　　除去2.in random order 以任意的顺序 3.to one's sorrow 使某人悲伤的是 4.come to her aid 来帮助她 5.put aside 放在一边 6.rather than 而不是 7.personal dignity 个人尊严 8.result in/lead to 导致 9.traffic jams 交通堵塞 10.or so 大约

三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1. ...little did he know what impact he was going to make.……他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。 “little did he ...”是倒装句，表示否定意义的副词放在句首，句子用部分倒装。 Never_have I heard such a thing in my life. 在我一生中我还未曾听说过这样的事呢。
2.Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that ...尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想…… “Incredible as it may seem ...”中as引导让步状语从句，从句要倒装。 Clever as_he_is,_he doesn't work hard. 他虽然聪明，但学习不努力。
3.One 13?year?old boy was doing his homework when he heard the first newsflash of the invasion.一名13岁的小男孩正在做家庭作业，这时，他听到了有关入侵的第一次新闻快讯。 be doing ... when ... “正在做……这时……”。 I was_reading_when my phone rang. 我正在看书，这时我的电话响了。



1．(教材P64)The Cassini?Huygens space probe, which reached Saturn last week, has sent back amazing photographs of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.
上周到达土星的“卡西尼·惠更斯”号航天探测器发回了著名的土星光环的照片，这些令人惊奇的照片是在紫外线下拍摄的。
?view v．看，观察；考虑，认为n.景色；视野；看法，见解
(1)view ... as ...　　　　　　 把……看作
(2)come into view 进入视野，看得见
in view 看得见；考虑中
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
in one's view 在某人看来
have a good view of 能很好地看见
①What was once viewed as impossible has now become a reality.
过去人们认为不可能的事现在已成为事实。
②On the top of Mountain Tai, you can have_a_good_view_of the beautiful sunrise.(2017·北京高考满分作文)
在泰山之巅，你可以饱览美丽的日出。
③As the car approached the town center, several tall buildings came into view.
随着汽车靠近镇中心，几座高大的建筑物进入了视野。
[辨析比较]　view, scene, scenery, sight
view 指在远处或高处以人的视角看到的scenery的一部分
scene 指“(一眼可以浏览的)风景”或“(戏剧中的)场景”，但多半包括其中的人物、动作和行为
scenery 指该地区的“整个风景”，由多个scene构成的景色
sight 风景、名胜，常用复数形式，指人文景观
选用上述单词填空
④You'll get a better view of the city if you stand on the top of the building.
⑤The flowers are a lovely sight in spring.
⑥Do you remember the scene in the play where Susan meets Alan for the first time?
⑦They stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery.
2．(教材P67)It is now acknowledged by the movie industry as the most successful film series ever.
现在它被电影界公认为是迄今为止最成功的电影系列片。
?acknowledge v．承认；认为；感谢；告知收到
[一词多义]　写出下列句中acknowledge的含义
①She acknowledged having been at fault.承认
②The candidate waved his hands to acknowledge the cheers of the crowd.感谢
③The army sent me a postcard acknowledging my request.告知收到
④Mei Lanfang is acknowledged to be a master of Peking Opera.认为
acknowledge sb./sth.as/to be ...　 认为……是……
acknowledge doing/that ... 承认……
It is universally/generally acknowledged that ...
……是大家公认的
⑤The film festival is acknowledged as/to be an event of international importance.
这个电影节被认为是一个国际性的重要节日。
⑥They refused to acknowledge being_defeated (defeat)．
他们拒绝承认被打败。
⑦It_is_widely_acknowledged_that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
人们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评估学生。
3．(教材P67)This results in the defeat of the Jedi.
结果导致了杰迪共和国的失败。
?defeat n．失败v.击败；战胜
①Our school basketball team has hardly suffered a defeat these years.
我们学校篮球队这几年几乎没有输过。
②I tried to comfort him after he was_defeated (defeat) by his opponent.
他被对手击败后，我尽力安慰他。
[辨析比较]　defeat, beat, win
defeat 接sb.作宾语，既可指比赛，也可指战场上战胜对手
beat 侧重于比赛中击败对手
win 后接sth.时，表示“荣获，赢得”，后接sb.时，表示“争取某人”
选用上述单词填空
③No one can defeat you other than yourself.
④Their team has won the game.
⑤I could always beat my brother at chess.
4．(教材P67)He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father, so he trains to become a Jedi knight and swears to avenge his loss.
他指责达斯·维德杀害了他父亲，所以他接受训练，成为一名杰迪武士并发誓要报仇。
?accuse v．指责；指控，控告
accuse sb. of (doing) sth.　 控告/指控某人(做了)某事
accuse sb. as ... 指控某人为……
accuser n. 原告，控诉人
the accused 被告
①He was accused of purposely creating difficulties.
有人指责他故意制造麻烦。
②Mary was_accused_as an accomplice.
玛丽被指控为同谋犯。
③The_accused was confronted with the accuser.
被告与原告对质。
[辨析比较]　accuse, charge, blame
accuse 当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭。常见搭配：accuse sb. of (doing) sth.
charge 因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉。常见搭配：charge sb. with (doing) sth.
blame 意为“责备”。常见搭配：blame sb. for (doing) sth.或sb. be to blame
选用上述单词填空
④He was charged with stealing.
⑤He accused his boss of having broken his word.
⑥He blamed you for the neglect of duty.
[联想发散]　“动词＋sb.＋of sth.”结构常见的有：
①cure sb. of sth.　　 治好某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯
②inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况(事)
③remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况(事)
④rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西
⑤warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况
5．(教材P67)Instead, to his great relief, he achieves glory by turning his father back to the Light Side ...
相反，让他安慰的是他通过把他的父亲拉回到正义一方而获得了荣誉……
?relief n．安慰；宽慰；减轻，解除；救济，救济物品
(1)in relief　　　　　　 如释重负，松了口气
to one's great relief 令某人非常宽慰的是
What a relief! (口语)谢天谢地！
(2)relieve vt. 使轻松(宽慰)；缓解；免除，解除
relieve sb. of sth. 免除某人某物；解除职务；帮
助……减轻(负担)
①I smiled in relief after I heard I had passed the examination.
听到我已经通过了考试，我轻松地笑了。
②To_my_great_relief,_her injuries were only slight.
使我感到十分欣慰的是，她只受了些轻伤。
③He was relieved of his post because of his carelessness.
他因疏忽而被解除了职务。
[名师点津]　(1)to one's relief为“介词to＋one's＋表示感情的抽象名词”构成的介词短语，意为“使某人感到……的是”。可以用于该介词短语中的表示感情的抽象名词还有：joy, regret, sorrow, delight, disappointment, satisfaction, surprise, horror, shame, astonishment等。
(2)表示“使某人感到特别……的是”可用“to one's great＋表示感情的抽象名词”或“much to one's＋表示感情的抽象名词”。
6．(教材P67)Many true Taoist masters eventually become supreme beings, similar to Obi?Wan and Yoda who Luke, as their scholar, consults for their teaching and advice.
很多真正的道教大师最终成为举足轻重的人物，就像欧比旺和尤达，作为他们的学生，卢克曾向他们请教学问和询问建议。
?consult v．咨询；请教；查阅，查看；商议
consult sb. for advice　　　　　 请教某人的建议
consult sb. on/about sth. 就某事向某人请教/咨询
consult a doctor＝see a doctor 看医生
consult a dictionary 查字典
consult (with) sb. about sth. 就某事与某人商量/磋商
①I consulted with a physician (内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and healthy meals.(2017·天津高考)
我咨询内科医生，雇用健身教练，开始吃少量而有益健康的食物。
②When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult_a_dictionary.
拿不准词义时，查查词典。
③I'm going to consult with my publisher about my forthcoming book.
我将就我即将问世的作品与出版商交换意见。
[辨析比较]　consult, look up
consult “查阅”，其宾语为词典、参考书等表示信息出处的工具书
look up “查找”，其宾语为要查找的单词、短语等信息，即“在工具书中查找……”
选用上述词语填空
④He consulted his notebook repeatedly during his speech.
⑤We can look_up the word in the dictionary.

But when, in 1938, the American actor and director, Orson Welles set a radio drama of The War of the Worlds in the real life New Jersey town of Grover's Mill, little did he know what impact he was going to make.
但是1938年当这位美国演员兼导演奥森·威尔斯以新泽西的格罗弗磨房镇真实生活场景为背景播出广播剧《世界之战》时，他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。
(1)little等具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，句子应该用部分倒装。
①Little did Mary care about her own safety.
玛丽一点也不关心自己的安危。
(2)与little用法类似的词还有：not, never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, not until, no sooner ... than ..., hardly ... when ..., neither ...，at no time, by no means等。
②Never shall/will_I forget the day.
我决不会忘记那一天。
③Seldom in my life have_I met so determined a person.
在我一生中很少遇到如此果断之人。


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The United States is often viewed as a melting pot of different nationalities.
2．If you don't know which university to go to, consult the teacher for advice.
3．Accused (accuse) of killing the neighbour, he was taken to the court.
4．Joe is acknowledged as the best basketball player of the year in our school.
5．John blew his top when his team was defeated (defeat) in the match.
6．The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．If this is a serious problem for you, consult_your_doctor (咨询一下你的医生)．
2．To_my_great_relief (令我非常宽慰的是), grandmother's illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.
3．It_is_generally/universally_acknowledged (人们公认) that fresh food is beneficial to our health.
4．In_view_of (考虑到) his poor record in school, the board thinks that he should study hard.
5．Seldom_do (很少) I go for a walk in the evening by myself.

一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．China has made a breakthrough in many fields in the past decades (几十年)．
2．Much to her relief (宽慰), they've adapted very easily to new environments.
3．May we offer our deepest sympathies (同情) on the death of your wife?
4．He consulted (查阅) his notebook repeatedly during his speech.
5．He acknowledged (承认) that the accident was due to his negligence.
6．We foresaw (预见) that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.
7．As a new form of culture, cyber culture makes a great impact (影响) on current spiritual life day by day.
8．There are many good deeds (行为) in our class, indeed in the whole school.
9．Errors are inescapable (不可避免的) incidents in the course of scientific research.
10．Our feelings of happiness and sorrow (悲伤) are soon lost in the passing of time.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．There are some troublemakers deliberately (deliberate) create trouble for Santa Claus.
2．Viewed (view) from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion, as a result of which it got its name.
3．Wisdom comes from extensive observation (observe) and broad knowledge.
4．Being_defeated (defeat) is often a temporary condition. Giving up is what makes it permanent.
5．What you say now is not consistent (consistence) with what you said last week.
6．He consulted me about what we should do next.
7．Seldom do you get what you go after unless you know in advance what you want.
8．A young man walking in the street offered to relieve the old man of the heavy bag.
9．At last, the boy acknowledged having_stolen (steal) the money from his mother's pocket.
10．The government has taken a measure to maintain the stability (stable) of prices.
Ⅲ.选词填空
set in motion， a series of， set out， be similar to， pray for， accuse ... of ...， in relief， get a good view of
1．That I can always pray_for someone when I have no strength to help him in other way.
2．I sat in the front of the bus to get_a_good_view_of the countryside.
3．All the people present cheered in_relief when they heard the danger had passed.
4．Accused_of receiving questionable funds from a druggist, the physician was taken to the court.
5．I want to start making changes in my life, but I'm not sure how to get things set it in_motion.
6．He set_out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.
7．My teaching style is_similar_to most other teachers' in our school.
8．All my life I have set ahead of me a_series_of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Accustomed to rising (rise) at six in the morning, I can take an hour to read English every day.
2．What surprised me was that she stared at me for a moment, then burst into laughter suddenly.
3．There being (be) nothing else to do, they went away.
4．It was a relief (relieve) to be able to talk to someone about it.
5．Their wall paintings bear witness to impressive artistic activity.
6.He's come up with his classmates ahead of him, after months of patient (patience) and diligence.
7．It was generally acknowledged that he was innocent.
8．Testing students by examination has always been viewed as the only reliable method to measure students' level.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in my view， in spite of， in advance， be acknowledged as， assuming that， with patience， charge ... with ...， relieve ... of ...
1．In_spite_of his having been warned, he insisted on investing all his money on stocks.
2．In_my_view,_they are not intelligent enough to understand this question.
3．The driver of the red car will be charged_with the crime of drunk driving.
4．Moreover, if you know you are going to be late, it is always better to tell me about it in_advance.
5．Assuming_that I can put myself in their place, I cannot tell them what they should do.
6．He was relieved_of his post because he used his power to seek privilege.
7．She took care of her mother with_patience.
8．Teamwork is_acknowledged_as the most important aspect of any enterprise.

二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35,880 kilometers above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour — exactly the same speed that the earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10－12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.

1．Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?
A．Sending information for weather forecasts.
B．Taking photographs of the Earth.
C．Sending TV pictures.
D．Providing food for airplane pilots.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据前三段的内容可知，D项不是卫星做的事情。
2．How fast does the earth rotate?
A．35,880 kilometers per hour.
B．335,880 kilometers per hour.
C．11,000 kilometers per hour.
D．110,000 kilometers per hour.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的第四句可知。
3．What is the function of little rockets on a satellite?
A．To send a satellite.
B．To make a satellite in place.
C．To send more pictures.
D．To connect our international phone calls.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position”可知卫星内安装的小火箭把卫星拉回到正确的位置，故选B。
4．Which of the following is TRUE of satellites?
A．A satellite can be used to send television pictures internationally.
B．Every time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.
C．A broken satellite is never left in space.
D．They often crash into each other.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段的“We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another.”可知A项正确。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Holi is the festival of colors, __1__is usually celebrated in February or March. The festival is observed __2__a full moon day.
Holi is a social __3__ (celebrate). The entire society comes together to celebrate the festival of colors. In the evening, Holika is burnt. A great pile of wood, twigs and dried?up grass is made __4__(represent) Holika. Holika is set on fire afterwards.
On the day of Holi, people splash (泼洒) each other with a colored powder __5__ (call) “gulal”. Then all dance __6__ (enthusiastic). The procession (队伍) of people through the streets and roads __7__ (carry) a pot with colored water is a common sight on the festival day. Though traditionally, people only use __8__(nature) colors prepared from flowers and herbal products, the case is different today. Now, artificial colors __9__ (use), too. Balloons filled with colored water are thrown at anybody. No one questions this act as it is a part of the festival. It is __10__ occasion for revelry (狂欢)．
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
语篇解读：本文向我们介绍了印度的胡里节。胡里节是春天的一个节日，是印度人民的欢悦节，也被称为五彩节。
1．which　此处需要用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the festival，作从句的主语。
2．on　表示日期的名词前用介词on。
3．celebration　所填词前有不定冠词并且被形容词修饰，因此应该用单数可数名词。
4．to represent　此处用不定式作状语，表示人们堆起一个柴草堆的目的。
5．called　powder与call之间是被动关系，因此需要用过去分词作后置定语。
6．enthusiastically　所填词修饰动词作状语因此应该用副词形式。
7．carrying　此处需要用现在分词作定语，修饰people，表示带着装有彩色水的罐子，从街上走过的人们。
8．natural　所填词作定语修饰名词colors，因此需要用名词nature的形容词形式natural。
9．are used　此处需要填谓语动词，主语与use之间是被动关系，因此需要用被动形式，根据时间状语now可知，此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态。
10．an　occasion在文章中第一次出现，在此表泛指概念。在读音以元音开头的单词occasion前用不定冠词an。







PAGE



12









Section Ⅴ Writing — 新闻报道

本单元的写作项目属于新课标中应用文体类别中的“新闻报道”。这类题目要求我们对最近发生的重大事件进行简要而迅速地报道。
一、基本结构
新闻报道一般包括四个部分：标题、导语、主体和结语。
1．标题是新闻的题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值的内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。撰写标题是为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读。
2．导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它简明扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。
3．主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。
4．结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结和对新闻事件的发展趋势做出预测。有时，作者会根据报道的事实在结语中提出令人深思的问题。
二、增分佳句
1．Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.(2017·北京高考)
现在很多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们的宝贵时间。
2．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the best all?round forms of exercise.(2017·天津高考)
如今，与慢跑和游泳一样，骑自行车被看作一种最全面的运动方式。
3．At present, our government has put forward “The Belt and Road” Initiative, which encourages cooperation between China and other countries.
目前，我们政府提出了“一带一路”倡议，这能激励中国与其他国家的共同合作。
4．According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after graduation.
根据最近的一项调查，大约78.9%的大学生想毕业后继续深造。
5．After the professor opposed to carrying out the project made a comment on the report, the media focused on it.
反对实施这个工程的教授发表了对该报告的意见后，就引起了媒体的关注。
6．There is no doubt that it will have a great effect on all the relevant countries and contribute to the economic and cultural development of the world.
毫无疑问，这将对相关国家有很大影响，并促进世界经济和文化的发展。

[题目要求]
5月1日，高二(3)班的学生志愿者李跃和张华一起去阳光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动(送水果、打扫卫生、聊天等)。假定你是学校英语报的记者李华，请按下列要点用英语写一则新闻报道。
1．时间、地点、人物、活动；
2．老人们的反应；
3．简短评论。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计入总词数)。
Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly
　

　

By Li Hua
School Newspaper
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为新闻报道，属于应用文；
2．确定人称：以第三人称为主；
3．确定时态：描述事情的过程以一般过去时为主。
二、构思
第一部分：报道事实：时间、人物、事件。
第二部分：离别时老人们的反应。
第三部分：简短评论。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．voluntary　　　　　　　志愿的；自愿的
2．such_as 比如；例如
3．clean_the_windows 擦窗户
4．sweep_the_floor 拖地板
5．chat_with 和……聊天
6．joy 快乐；高兴
7．enrich 使……丰富
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．李跃和张华是高二(3)班的学生。(主系表结构)
Li_Yue_and_Zhang_Hua_are_students_from_Class_Three,_Senior_Two.
2．5月1日，他们去阳光敬老院做志愿工作。(and连接的并列句)
On_May_Day,_they_went_to_Sunshine_Nursing_Home_and_did_some_voluntary_work.
3．他们给老人送鲜花和水果。(主谓宾结构；present)
They_presented_the_elderly_with_flowers_and_fruits._
4．他们立即开始干活，比如擦窗户和拖地板。(such as)
They_started_working_at_once,_such_as_cleaning_the_windows_and_sweeping_the_floor.
5．他们坐在院子里和老人聊天。(主谓结构；and连接并列句)
They_sat_in_the_yard_and_chatted_with_the_elderly_people.
6．老人非常感激他们的友善。(主谓宾结构；kindness)
The_elderly_people_thanked_them_for_their_kindness.
7．他们说：他们将永远记住这美好的一天。(say＋宾语从句；such ... that ...)
They_said_it_was_such_a_beautiful_day_that_they_would_remember_it_forever.
8．志愿者活动给别人带来欢乐并且丰富了自己的生活。(主谓宾结构；bring joy to, enrich)
The_voluntary_work_has_brought_joy_to_others_and_enriched_their_own_lives.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用同位语改写句1后和句2合并为一个句子
On_May_Day,_Li_Yue_and_Zhang_Hua,_students_from_Class_Three,_Senior_Two,_went_to_Sunshine_Nursing_Home_and_did_some_voluntary_work.
2．用现在分词作状语改写句5
They_sat_in_the_yard_chatting_with_the_elderly_people.

3．用what引导主语从句改写句8
What_they_did_has_brought_joy_to_others_and_enriched_their_own_lives.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly
On_May_Day,_Li_Yue_and_Zhang_Hua,_students_from_Class_Three,_Senior_Two,_went_to_Sunshine_Nursing_Home_and_did_some_voluntary_work.The_moment_they_arrived,_they_presented_the_elderly_with_flowers_and_fruits_and_started_working_at_once,_such_as_cleaning_the_windows_and_sweeping_the_floor._Everything_done,_they_sat_in_the_yard_chatting_with_the_elderly_people.
When_it_was_time_for_them_to_leave,_the_elderly_people_thanked_them_for_their_kindness.They_said_it_was_such_a_beautiful_day_that_they__would_remember_it_forever.
Li_Yue_and_Zhang_Hua_were_very_happy.What_they_did_has_brought_joy_to_others_and_enriched_their_own_lives.
By Li Hua
School Newspaper







PAGE



2









单元加餐练（一）~（二）
加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
For thousands of millions of years the moon has been going round the earth. During this time, the moon has been the __1__ satellite of the earth. Today, __2__，the earth has many other satellites all __3__ by man. These man?made satellites are very much smaller than the moon. However, some of them will still be going __4__ the earth thousands of years from now.
Man?made satellites do not __5__ because they are going too fast to do so. As they speed along, they __6__ to go straight off into space. They __7__ out of the earth, or its gravity, which __8__ them from doing this. As a result, they travel in an orbit round the earth.
If a man?made satellite travels about at a certain height, it can keep going __9__ round the earth, just like the moon. This is __10__ it is above the atmosphere, and there is nothing to __11__ it down. If it travels __12__ than that, it will be slowed down so much that it will __13__ the earth.
Men have __14__ spaceships to the moon and to the two __15__ planets: Mars (火星) and Venus (金星). By putting a camera on __16__ the spaceship to the moon, men have been able to __17__ photographs of the other side of the moon. This side is always __18__ from us as the moon circles the earth. The __19__ are later transmitted by radio to the earth. They showed that the other side of the __20__ is very much the same as the side that turns towards us.
语篇解读：在人造卫星出现之前，月亮是地球唯一的卫星。人造卫星能在太空中正常运转的原因是它位于大气之上，如果运行高度下降的话，卫星就会掉下来。
1．A.biggest　　　　　　　　 　B．brightest
C．last D．only
解析：选D　从下文可知，在人造卫星出现之前，月亮是地球唯一的卫星。
2．A.besides B．however
C．though D．therefore
解析：选B　上文说月亮是地球唯一的卫星，而下文说后来有了很多别的卫星，所以是转折关系。副词though表示“可是，然而”，放在句中时，其前后没有逗号。however“然而”放在句中时，前后可以有逗号，故选B项。
3．A.assumed B．discovered
C．made D．foresaw
解析：选C　从下文中的“These man?made satellites ...”可知，这些卫星是人造的，也就是“made by man”。
4．A.through B．round
C．behind D．after
解析：选B　联系关键词still“仍然”，再联系上文中的“going round the earth”可知，这些人造卫星仍然会绕着地球转。
5．A.fall B．rise
C．burst D．pause
解析：选A　从下文内容可知，此处是讲述人造卫星不会落下来的原因。
6．A.decide B．wish
C．plan D．tend
解析：选D　当卫星加速时，卫星的运动趋势就是冲入太空。
7．A.pull B．reach
C．bring D．launch
解析：选A　它们会冲出地球，也就是脱离地球引力。pull out意为“冲出，离开”。
8．A.protects B．prevents
C．keeps D．discourages
解析：选B　地球引力的作用是阻止它们冲出地球。
9．A.in and out B．on and on
C．to and from D．up and down
解析：选B　从上文内容可知，如果卫星在一定高度运行，就能持续运转。on and on意为“一直，持续”，符合文意。in and out意为“出出进进”； to and from意为“来来回回，往返”；up and down意为“上上下下”，均不符合文意。
10．A.because B．how
C．where D．when
解析：选A　本句讲述的是卫星正常运转的原因，故选A。
11．A.hand B．pass
C．slow D．bring
解析：选C　卫星正常运转的原因就是在大气层之上，没有东西会降低卫星的运行速度，下一句中的“it will be slowed down”是很好的提示。
12．A.higher B．longer
C．farther D．lower
解析：选D　从上文我们知道卫星正常运转，不会落下来就是因为它的运行高度，所以，如果他们运行高度下降，卫星就不能正常运转。
13．A.search for B．fall to
C．go after D．knock at
解析：选B　从本段我们可以看出，如果运行高度下降的话，卫星就会掉下来。
14．A.witnessed B．offered
C．launched D．drove
解析：选C　我们知道飞船是人们发射上去的。
15．A.nearest B．smallest
C．biggest D．farthest
解析：选A　根据常识，我们知道人们发射的飞船是到了最近的星球上。
16．A.board B．average
C．earth D．end
解析：选A　通过把照相机安装在飞船上，可以拍照。on board意为“在(船、火车、飞机)上”，符合文意。on average意为“平均”；on earth意为“到底，究竟”；on end意为“竖着，连续地”，均不符合文意。
17．A.avenge B．film
C．catch D．take
解析：选D　固定搭配take photographs of ...意为“给……拍照”。
18．A.holy B．hidden
C．different D．stable
解析：选B　根据常识我们知道月亮有一面是永远背对我们的，所以不被我们看到。hidden是动词hide“隐藏”的过去式。
19．A.rocks B．speeches
C．sounds D．photos
解析：选D　上文提到了在飞船上安装照相机，所以传回来的是照片。
20．A.moon B．earth
C．spaceship D．space
解析：选A　根据上文内容可知，这些照片表明月球的另一面与面对我们的一面几乎是完全相同的。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
You don't know what you've got until it's gone. When I bake cookies, I immediately miss them the moment I have eaten the last one. Last summer when I left a summer camp, I didn't realize how great it really was until I got home. What happens, however, when that happens to one of your senses?
A few months ago, I woke up deaf in one ear. I did not pay much attention to it at first. It felt that I had water in my ear. However, I began to hear less and less out of that ear. I even had to ask people to talk into my other ear so I could hear them. I didn't realize how serious it was until later in the day. That evening, when I was sitting on my bed doing chemistry homework, I fell off my bed! When trying to get up, I was incredibly dizzy (头晕的)．
I went to see a doctor who told me that hearing loss was common. However, it was usually bilateral,_or occurs in both ears. He said that my hearing should come back within a week.
After about a week the dizziness eventually went away, but the hearing loss did not. The medicine helped and I gained some of my hearing back. After many hearing tests, it was determined that I had permanent hearing loss in that ear.
School became harder for me because I couldn't hear my teachers. I was very depressed.
Finally, I bought a hearing aid. With the hearing aid, my hearing is almost back to normal! It makes school and group conversations easier.
My friends, teachers, and even complete strangers always ask me questions about hearing loss. I answer them patiently. I never get offended because I know that this is new to them. I am delighted I can teach them something new.
What I have learned from this particular situation is that when things are desperate, there is always something good that can come out of it. My experience has given me an opportunity to teach people about something new to them and it has taught me about the value of hearing.
语篇解读：作者在一只耳朵失聪以后才意识到听觉的可贵。这次经历使作者认识到“失去才懂得珍惜”“天无绝人之路”等人生道理。
1．What do we know from the first paragraph?
A．The author had a great time in the summer camp.
B．The author didn't enjoy himself in the summer camp.
C．The author lost the sense of hearing in the summer camp.
D．The author baked delicious cookies in the summer camp.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Last summer when I left a summer camp, I didn't realize how great it really was until I got home.”可知，作者在夏令营玩得很开心。
2．The author fell off his bed when ________.
A．getting up from the bed
B．doing his homework
C．waking up from a dream
D．wearing his clothes
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“That evening, when I was sitting on my bed doing chemistry homework, I fell off my bed！”可知，作者坐在床上做化学作业时从床上摔了下来。
3．The underlined word “bilateral” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．speaking two languages
B．happening on one side
C．losing one sense
D．involving two sides
解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子中的提示“occurs in both ears”可知，bilateral意为“(身体部位)两侧的”。
4．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．after the treatment, the author's hearing loss was cured
B．strangers always ask the author questions about the hearing aid
C．the author took some medicine to treat his hearing loss
D．the medicine the doctor gave him didn't work at all
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“The medicine helped and I gained some of my hearing back.”可推知，作者服用了一些治疗耳聋的药。
加餐练(二)　主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Baidu is not a doctor
When people are faced __1__ a health or nutrition question, it's __2__ (increasing) common to go online and diagnose (诊断) themselves. But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to get rid of the wrong advice, some of which __3__ (be) extremely dangerous!
Also, search engines rank results by popularity rather than __4__ (accurate), so solid facts can be tricky to find. It's worth __5__ (check) if the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert. Anyone can call __6__ (they) a “diet expert”， “nutritionist” and even a “doctor” — given it could refer to qualifications like a PhD. But remember, only officially __7__ (recognise) practicing doctors as well as dietitians have degrees in giving medical __8__ (suggest). So if you're unsure and still wondering __9__ the chocolate diet really does work or not, then it pays to make __10__ appointment with your dietitian or doctor. The truth is out there, and you just need to look in the right place!
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当很多人有健康或营养方面的问题时，他们会直接去百度搜索，自我诊断。这其实是不科学的。百度不是医生，遇到问题，最好去找医生。
1．with　be faced with ...是固定搭配，意为“面对……”。
2．increasingly　此处用increasing的副词形式修饰形容词“common”。故填increasingly。
3．is　分析句子结构可知，本句的主语是“some of which”，which指代前面的不可数名词“advice”，故空格处应用be动词的单数形式。此处应用一般现在时。故填is。
4．accuracy　句意：同时，搜索引擎的排位结果是按受欢迎程度而不是按准确性……。空格处和前面的名词“popularity”并列，故应用名词形式。故填accuracy。
5．checking　be worth doing sth.是固定结构，意为“值得做某事”。故填checking。
6．themselves　句意：任何人都可自称为饮食专家、营养学家……。call oneself ...意为“自称……”。故填themselves。
7．recognised　此处表示官方认可的，逻辑主语“doctors”和动词recognise之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词形式。故填recognised。
8．suggestions　空格处作非谓语动词“giving”的宾语，应用名词形式，指只有被官方认可的医生才有资格给出医学建议，因此用复数形式。故填suggestions。
9．whether　句意：如果你不确定，仍然想知道巧克力饮食是否会起作用……。宾语从句成分完整，在“wondering”后面表示不确定，拿不准，应用whether，意为“是否”。该句中有or not所以不用if。故填whether。
10．an　此处表示和医生预约，是泛指概念。appointment是可数名词，且其读音以元音音素开头。故填an。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Mike，
How are you doing? Thank you for your help and good treat while I was stayed in Sydney last summer vacation. You were so kindly and friendly to treat me to the local food, and take us to do a lot of sightseeing. It's really nice to visit Sydney, which beautiful scenery and delicious food gave me a better impression. I have a great time here and learned a lot about Sydney. Mike, are you free these days? I would like to invite you visit China. I'll act like a guide to show you around the places of interests in my hometown.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：第二句：去掉was
第三句：kindly→kind; us→me
第四句：which→whose; better→good
第五句：have→had; here→there
第七句：visit前加to
第八句：like→as; interests→interest
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定上周五下午3点你班组织了1小时主题为“学会感恩”的班会活动。请为校刊的英语专栏写一篇报道，内容包括：
1．活动主题及时间；
2．活动过程；
3．你的体会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　

　

　
参考范文：
Last Friday afternoon, we, students from Class 17, had a class meeting whose theme was Learning to be Thankful.
The meeting started at 3 pm and lasted an hour. First of all, out teacher told us two moving stories, which showed a thankful heart is the greatest virtue. And then we had a discussion about what others had done for us. During the discussion, we began to realise that many had done so much for us and they deserved our understanding and thankfulness.
From this class meeting, I learned the importance of being thankful. And I've decided to be thankful for everything I have in my life.






PAGE



6









Module 5 The Conquest of the Univers
单元小结
In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still at the very beginning of its voyage into space.
In the 1950s, China set out to explore space. In 2008, millions of people turned on the TV to witness Chinese first space walk. It was really a historic event, which had a great impact on space exploration. At the same time, China set out its lunar exploration program. Many programs are underway. In the last decade, China, our great motherland, has made a series of achievements. Chang'e?2 satellite has sent back several pictures of the moon's surface. The surface of the moon is not similar to that of the earth, which is consistent with scientists' previous expectation.
Based on human beings' dream, a series of fiction novels and films appeared. Many of them are based on the assumption that the aliens from other planets will invade our earth. The aliens' invasion can make the earth destroyed. All of them are very scary and dramatic.
即便我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术，我们这个世界依然只是处于太空旅行的起步阶段。
20世纪50年代，中国开始探索太空。2008年数以百万计的人们打开电视见证了中国的首次太空漫步。这的确是一件历史性的事件，对太空探索产生了巨大的影响。同时，中国开始了月球探索项目。许多项目正在进行中。在近十年里，中国，我们伟大的祖国，已取得了一系列的成就。“嫦娥二号”卫星已经发回了月球表面的一些照片。月球的表面和地球的表面不相似，这跟科学家以前的预测是一致的。
基于人类的梦想，出现了一系列的科幻小说和电影。其中许多都是以假设来自其他星球上的外星人侵犯地球为主题，他们的侵略可以使地球毁灭。所有这些作品都很令人恐惧，同时又富有戏剧性。

加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
For thousands of millions of years the moon has been going round the earth. During this time, the moon has been the __1__ satellite of the earth. Today, __2__，the earth has many other satellites all __3__ by man. These man?made satellites are very much smaller than the moon. However, some of them will still be going __4__ the earth thousands of years from now.
Man?made satellites do not __5__ because they are going too fast to do so. As they speed along, they __6__ to go straight off into space. They __7__ out of the earth, or its gravity, which __8__ them from doing this. As a result, they travel in an orbit round the earth.
If a man?made satellite travels about at a certain height, it can keep going __9__ round the earth, just like the moon. This is __10__ it is above the atmosphere, and there is nothing to __11__ it down. If it travels __12__ than that, it will be slowed down so much that it will __13__ the earth.
Men have __14__ spaceships to the moon and to the two __15__ planets: Mars (火星) and Venus (金星). By putting a camera on __16__ the spaceship to the moon, men have been able to __17__ photographs of the other side of the moon. This side is always __18__ from us as the moon circles the earth. The __19__ are later transmitted by radio to the earth. They showed that the other side of the __20__ is very much the same as the side that turns towards us.
语篇解读：在人造卫星出现之前，月亮是地球唯一的卫星。人造卫星能在太空中正常运转的原因是它位于大气之上，如果运行高度下降的话，卫星就会掉下来。
1．A.biggest　　　　　　　　 　B．brightest
C．last D．only
解析：选D　从下文可知，在人造卫星出现之前，月亮是地球唯一的卫星。
2．A.besides B．however
C．though D．therefore
解析：选B　上文说月亮是地球唯一的卫星，而下文说后来有了很多别的卫星，所以是转折关系。副词though表示“可是，然而”，放在句中时，其前后没有逗号。however“然而”放在句中时，前后可以有逗号，故选B项。
3．A.assumed B．discovered
C．made D．foresaw
解析：选C　从下文中的“These man?made satellites ...”可知，这些卫星是人造的，也就是“made by man”。
4．A.through B．round
C．behind D．after
解析：选B　联系关键词still“仍然”，再联系上文中的“going round the earth”可知，这些人造卫星仍然会绕着地球转。
5．A.fall B．rise
C．burst D．pause
解析：选A　从下文内容可知，此处是讲述人造卫星不会落下来的原因。
6．A.decide B．wish
C．plan D．tend
解析：选D　当卫星加速时，卫星的运动趋势就是冲入太空。
7．A.pull B．reach
C．bring D．launch
解析：选A　它们会冲出地球，也就是脱离地球引力。pull out意为“冲出，离开”。
8．A.protects B．prevents
C．keeps D．discourages
解析：选B　地球引力的作用是阻止它们冲出地球。
9．A.in and out B．on and on
C．to and from D．up and down
解析：选B　从上文内容可知，如果卫星在一定高度运行，就能持续运转。on and on意为“一直，持续”，符合文意。in and out意为“出出进进”； to and from意为“来来回回，往返”；up and down意为“上上下下”，均不符合文意。
10．A.because B．how
C．where D．when
解析：选A　本句讲述的是卫星正常运转的原因，故选A。
11．A.hand B．pass
C．slow D．bring
解析：选C　卫星正常运转的原因就是在大气层之上，没有东西会降低卫星的运行速度，下一句中的“it will be slowed down”是很好的提示。
12．A.higher B．longer
C．farther D．lower
解析：选D　从上文我们知道卫星正常运转，不会落下来就是因为它的运行高度，所以，如果他们运行高度下降，卫星就不能正常运转。
13．A.search for B．fall to
C．go after D．knock at
解析：选B　从本段我们可以看出，如果运行高度下降的话，卫星就会掉下来。
14．A.witnessed B．offered
C．launched D．drove
解析：选C　我们知道飞船是人们发射上去的。
15．A.nearest B．smallest
C．biggest D．farthest
解析：选A　根据常识，我们知道人们发射的飞船是到了最近的星球上。
16．A.board B．average
C．earth D．end
解析：选A　通过把照相机安装在飞船上，可以拍照。on board意为“在(船、火车、飞机)上”，符合文意。on average意为“平均”；on earth意为“到底，究竟”；on end意为“竖着，连续地”，均不符合文意。
17．A.avenge B．film
C．catch D．take
解析：选D　固定搭配take photographs of ...意为“给……拍照”。
18．A.holy B．hidden
C．different D．stable
解析：选B　根据常识我们知道月亮有一面是永远背对我们的，所以不被我们看到。hidden是动词hide“隐藏”的过去式。
19．A.rocks B．speeches
C．sounds D．photos
解析：选D　上文提到了在飞船上安装照相机，所以传回来的是照片。
20．A.moon B．earth
C．spaceship D．space
解析：选A　根据上文内容可知，这些照片表明月球的另一面与面对我们的一面几乎是完全相同的。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
You don't know what you've got until it's gone. When I bake cookies, I immediately miss them the moment I have eaten the last one. Last summer when I left a summer camp, I didn't realize how great it really was until I got home. What happens, however, when that happens to one of your senses?
A few months ago, I woke up deaf in one ear. I did not pay much attention to it at first. It felt that I had water in my ear. However, I began to hear less and less out of that ear. I even had to ask people to talk into my other ear so I could hear them. I didn't realize how serious it was until later in the day. That evening, when I was sitting on my bed doing chemistry homework, I fell off my bed! When trying to get up, I was incredibly dizzy (头晕的)．
I went to see a doctor who told me that hearing loss was common. However, it was usually bilateral,_or occurs in both ears. He said that my hearing should come back within a week.
After about a week the dizziness eventually went away, but the hearing loss did not. The medicine helped and I gained some of my hearing back. After many hearing tests, it was determined that I had permanent hearing loss in that ear.
School became harder for me because I couldn't hear my teachers. I was very depressed.
Finally, I bought a hearing aid. With the hearing aid, my hearing is almost back to normal! It makes school and group conversations easier.
My friends, teachers, and even complete strangers always ask me questions about hearing loss. I answer them patiently. I never get offended because I know that this is new to them. I am delighted I can teach them something new.
What I have learned from this particular situation is that when things are desperate, there is always something good that can come out of it. My experience has given me an opportunity to teach people about something new to them and it has taught me about the value of hearing.
语篇解读：作者在一只耳朵失聪以后才意识到听觉的可贵。这次经历使作者认识到“失去才懂得珍惜”“天无绝人之路”等人生道理。
1．What do we know from the first paragraph?
A．The author had a great time in the summer camp.
B．The author didn't enjoy himself in the summer camp.
C．The author lost the sense of hearing in the summer camp.
D．The author baked delicious cookies in the summer camp.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Last summer when I left a summer camp, I didn't realize how great it really was until I got home.”可知，作者在夏令营玩得很开心。
2．The author fell off his bed when ________.
A．getting up from the bed
B．doing his homework
C．waking up from a dream
D．wearing his clothes
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“That evening, when I was sitting on my bed doing chemistry homework, I fell off my bed！”可知，作者坐在床上做化学作业时从床上摔了下来。
3．The underlined word “bilateral” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．speaking two languages
B．happening on one side
C．losing one sense
D．involving two sides
解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子中的提示“occurs in both ears”可知，bilateral意为“(身体部位)两侧的”。
4．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．after the treatment, the author's hearing loss was cured
B．strangers always ask the author questions about the hearing aid
C．the author took some medicine to treat his hearing loss
D．the medicine the doctor gave him didn't work at all
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“The medicine helped and I gained some of my hearing back.”可推知，作者服用了一些治疗耳聋的药。
加餐练(二)　主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Baidu is not a doctor
When people are faced __1__ a health or nutrition question, it's __2__ (increasing) common to go online and diagnose (诊断) themselves. But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to get rid of the wrong advice, some of which __3__ (be) extremely dangerous!
Also, search engines rank results by popularity rather than __4__ (accurate), so solid facts can be tricky to find. It's worth __5__ (check) if the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert. Anyone can call __6__ (they) a “diet expert”， “nutritionist” and even a “doctor” — given it could refer to qualifications like a PhD. But remember, only officially __7__ (recognise) practicing doctors as well as dietitians have degrees in giving medical __8__ (suggest). So if you're unsure and still wondering __9__ the chocolate diet really does work or not, then it pays to make __10__ appointment with your dietitian or doctor. The truth is out there, and you just need to look in the right place!
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当很多人有健康或营养方面的问题时，他们会直接去百度搜索，自我诊断。这其实是不科学的。百度不是医生，遇到问题，最好去找医生。
1．with　be faced with ...是固定搭配，意为“面对……”。
2．increasingly　此处用increasing的副词形式修饰形容词“common”。故填increasingly。
3．is　分析句子结构可知，本句的主语是“some of which”，which指代前面的不可数名词“advice”，故空格处应用be动词的单数形式。此处应用一般现在时。故填is。
4．accuracy　句意：同时，搜索引擎的排位结果是按受欢迎程度而不是按准确性……。空格处和前面的名词“popularity”并列，故应用名词形式。故填accuracy。
5．checking　be worth doing sth.是固定结构，意为“值得做某事”。故填checking。
6．themselves　句意：任何人都可自称为饮食专家、营养学家……。call oneself ...意为“自称……”。故填themselves。
7．recognised　此处表示官方认可的，逻辑主语“doctors”和动词recognise之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词形式。故填recognised。
8．suggestions　空格处作非谓语动词“giving”的宾语，应用名词形式，指只有被官方认可的医生才有资格给出医学建议，因此用复数形式。故填suggestions。
9．whether　句意：如果你不确定，仍然想知道巧克力饮食是否会起作用……。宾语从句成分完整，在“wondering”后面表示不确定，拿不准，应用whether，意为“是否”。该句中有or not所以不用if。故填whether。
10．an　此处表示和医生预约，是泛指概念。appointment是可数名词，且其读音以元音音素开头。故填an。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Mike，
How are you doing? Thank you for your help and good treat while I was stayed in Sydney last summer vacation. You were so kindly and friendly to treat me to the local food, and take us to do a lot of sightseeing. It's really nice to visit Sydney, which beautiful scenery and delicious food gave me a better impression. I have a great time here and learned a lot about Sydney. Mike, are you free these days? I would like to invite you visit China. I'll act like a guide to show you around the places of interests in my hometown.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：第二句：去掉was
第三句：kindly→kind; us→me
第四句：which→whose; better→good
第五句：have→had; here→there
第七句：visit前加to
第八句：like→as; interests→interest
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定上周五下午3点你班组织了1小时主题为“学会感恩”的班会活动。请为校刊的英语专栏写一篇报道，内容包括：
1．活动主题及时间；
2．活动过程；
3．你的体会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　

　

　
参考范文：
Last Friday afternoon, we, students from Class 17, had a class meeting whose theme was Learning to be Thankful.
The meeting started at 3 pm and lasted an hour. First of all, out teacher told us two moving stories, which showed a thankful heart is the greatest virtue. And then we had a discussion about what others had done for us. During the discussion, we began to realise that many had done so much for us and they deserved our understanding and thankfulness.
From this class meeting, I learned the importance of being thankful. And I've decided to be thankful for everything I have in my life.








PAGE



6









课时跟踪练(二) Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He leapt (跳跃) out of the chair, which surprised me greatly.
2．More money is needed for the upkeep of the historic (历史性的) buildings.
3．He soon gets accustomed (习惯的) to dormitory life and makes two or three friends.
4．Every one here likes to tune (收看) in to Channel 1 to hear the news.
5．(2015·重庆高考) History has witnessed (见证) the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.
6．His views are grounded on the assumption (假设) that all people are equal.
7．Learning to walk again after his accident required great patience (耐心)．
8．The date of the meeting has been advanced (提前) from Friday to Monday.
9．Hundreds of people were flooded out when the river burst (爆裂) its banks.
10．These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint (联合的) venture.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The girl said that she had been a witness to the accident.
2．We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
3．He's taught me a lot and has always been patient with me.
4．It's impolite of you to visit someone without telling him in advance.
5．As he walked into the classroom with that funny looking hat, everyone burst out laughing.
6．We redoubled our efforts, each man working (work) like two.
Ⅲ.选词填空
be accustomed to， in advance of， burst in， in spite of， give witness to， with patience， assuming that， at the very beginning of
1.This English film is well worth seeing in_spite_of its long time.
2．Whenever I am at leisure, I am_accustomed_to growing flowers.
3．At_the_very_beginning_of the term, some of the students perhaps may not get accustomed to the new school life.
4．The door opened suddenly and the children burst_in.
5．The plane reached Hong Kong ten minutes in_advance_of its scheduled time.
6．The floods gave_witness_to the kindness of strangers in an emergency.
7．Assuming_that the proposal is accepted, where are we going to get the money?
8．He who teaches the deaf and dumb must be filled with_patience.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, 1.which was one small step for man, but one giant leap for mankind. People have become 2.accustomed (accustom) to the idea of space travel. Millions of people watched that first moon 3.landing (land) on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and 4.dangerous (danger) an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken.
Later, people were no longer enthusiastic about a space travel programme because 5.of its high cost. The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia — 6.launched (launch) from the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April, 1981, which was the start of a new age of space travel. In 1986, the Challenger carrying the first civilian, Christa, who hoped 7.to_communicate (communicate) a sense of excitement and create new interest in the space programme, exploded just over one minute after 8.taking (take) off in Florida and all seven astronauts 9.were_killed (kill). The space disaster makes us feel that we are neither Russians 10.nor Americans. We are just human beings who have the same feelings.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
1969年，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登上(set foot on)月球，这是人类探索太空的一个巨大飞跃(leap)。数百万人打开电视目睹(witness)了这件事。从那以后，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经习惯(accustomed)了。但1986年，“挑战者号”在起飞后仅仅一分多钟就爆炸(burst)了。这场灾难表明尽管(in spite of)我们现在掌握了已有的先进(advanced)技术，但是世界依然只是处在探究太空的起步阶段。
In_1969,_American_astronaut_Neil_Armstrong_first_set_foot_on_the_Moon_back,_which_was_a_giant_leap_for_mankind_in_space_exploration._Millions_of_people_tuned_in_to_witness_it_on_TV._People_have_been_accustomed_to_the_idea_of_space_travel_ever_since._But_in_1986,_the_Challenger_burst_just_over_a_minute_after_take?off._The_disaster_shows_that_the_world_is_still_only_at_the_very_beginning_of_its_voyage_into_space_in_spite_of_all_our_advanced_technology.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
I was coming back from work late in a “Sharing” minivan. In Hyderabad, India, it is a cheap and quick mode of __1__. Such vans, designed for eight people, carry as many as thirteen at times. Our van was __2__ as well.
One girl __3__ the driver to stop and wriggled (扭动) herself out. When getting off, she tripped and __4__. None of us noticed it, as it was __5__. The driver was waiting for her to __6__. It was at that time that we __7__ the girl was on her knees by the side of the road. One passenger and I got off and held her up.
Even in __8__， she struggled to her feet and asked that passenger to hand her note to the driver. My __9__ was a few hundred meters away. I decided to __10__ with her till she was fine. I paid the driver for __11__ and after receiving the money, he took __12__ with all other passengers.
I neither knew her nor did I know what to do, __13__ I was there, blurting out (脱口而出) some __14__ words to a stranger in pain. From out of __15__， her friend joined us. We made her sit in a lawn and examined her leg. The ankle had __16__. Then they both hired an auto and rushed to a nearby __17__ to have a further check. She thanked me and said they could manage __18__ it was only a minor problem.
I do not know if I did __19__， but I feel I gave her some comfort in a(n) __20__ way.

1．A.living　　　　　　　　 　B．operation
C．expression D．transport
解析：选D　minivan是一种(八人)小客车，并根据后文内容可知，这里指一种交通方式(mode of transport)。
2．A.well?designed B．overcrowded
C．well?preserved D．outdated
解析：选B　前文提到，这种车只能承载8人，但却搭载了13人，且由后文扭动的动作可知，车上非常拥挤(overcrowded)。
3．A.signaled B．allowed
C．sent D．instructed
解析：选A　一个女孩发信号(signaled)提醒司机她要下车。
4．A.bled B．cried
C．fell D．yawned
解析：选C　根据前文的tripped和后文中的“on her knees”可知，这个女孩摔倒(fell)了。
5．A.sudden B．dark
C．slight D．common
解析：选B　没有人注意到女孩摔倒，因为当时天黑了。第一段第一句中的late和后文乘客发现女孩摔倒都是此处的提示。
6．A.leave B．ride
C．stand D．pay
解析：选D　根据第三段中的“asked that passenger to hand her note to the driver”可知，司机在等女孩付钱(pay)。
7．A.saw B．believed
C．imagined D．agreed
解析：选A　在等待的时候，乘客们才留意到女孩跪在路边。
8．A.surprise B．embarrassment
C．pain D．delight
解析：选C　根据后文“she struggled to her feet”以及倒数第二段中的“a stranger in pain”可知，这里是指疼痛(pain)之中。
9．A.company B．stop
C．school D．hospital
解析：选B　后文提到汽车先走了，由此可推断，作者还没有到站(stop)，他的那一站还有数百米。
10．A.wait B．meet
C．deal D．stay
解析：选D　作者要到的站虽然还很远，但是作者决定留下来(stay)陪着这个女孩。
11．A.her B．us
C．myself D．him
解析：选C　作者决定留下来后，为自己(myself)付了车费。
12．A.off B．up
C．away D．over
解析：选A　司机收到钱后，匆忙开走。take off此处意为“匆忙离开”。
13．A.for B．but
C．so D．or
解析：选B　句意：虽然我不知道她是谁，也不知道该做些什么，但是我就在那里。该空前后为转折关系。故选but。
14．A.inspiring B．annoying
C．amazing D．comforting
解析：选D　说一些话抚慰疼痛中的陌生人，文章最后一段中的comfort也是提示，故选comforting。
15．A.nowhere B．everywhere
C．somewhere D．anywhere
解析：选A　她的朋友不知从哪儿冒出来。from out of nowhere指“突然出现”。
16．A.broken B．recovered
C．swollen D．strengthened
解析：选C　根据本段末提到的“only a minor problem”可知，只是一点小问题，应该是肿了(swollen)。
17．A.hotel B．clinic
C．station D．community
解析：选B　根据后文的“to have a further check”可知，女孩和她的朋友去了附近的诊所(clinic)。
18．A.although B．until
C．unless D．as
解析：选D　因为是小问题，所以女孩和她的朋友两个人便可以处理了。前后两个分句为因果关系，故选as。
19．A.enough B．again
C．right D．hard
解析：选A　前文说只有女孩和她的朋友两个人去了诊所，作者并没有去，此处作者在回想自己是否做到足够(enough)了。
20．A.great B．obvious
C．small D．extreme
解析：选C　作者虽然不知道自己是否做到位了，但认为自己还是稍稍安慰了那个女孩。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Our mothers accompanied us to school in the first day. Soon a teacher came and led us to a classroom. There we were put into four separate class. Some children begin to cry as the parents were not allowing into the classroom. I did not cry because I have been to kindergarten before. Actual my mother went home soon after for she knew I would be all right. It was enjoyable time for me as I got to know my new classmates. The teacher was very busy for writing down our information so they had plenty of time to ourselves. In the meantime some children continued to sob although their parents looked in anxiously through the window.
答案：第一句：in→on
第三句：class→classes
第四句：begin→began; allowing→allowed
第五句：have→had
第六句：Actual→Actually
第七句：was后加an
第八句：去掉for; they→we
第九句：although→while/when/as






PAGE



4









课时跟踪练(三) Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．China has made a breakthrough in many fields in the past decades (几十年)．
2．Much to her relief (宽慰), they've adapted very easily to new environments.
3．May we offer our deepest sympathies (同情) on the death of your wife?
4．He consulted (查阅) his notebook repeatedly during his speech.
5．He acknowledged (承认) that the accident was due to his negligence.
6．We foresaw (预见) that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.
7．As a new form of culture, cyber culture makes a great impact (影响) on current spiritual life day by day.
8．There are many good deeds (行为) in our class, indeed in the whole school.
9．Errors are inescapable (不可避免的) incidents in the course of scientific research.
10．Our feelings of happiness and sorrow (悲伤) are soon lost in the passing of time.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．There are some troublemakers deliberately (deliberate) create trouble for Santa Claus.
2．Viewed (view) from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion, as a result of which it got its name.
3．Wisdom comes from extensive observation (observe) and broad knowledge.
4．Being_defeated (defeat) is often a temporary condition. Giving up is what makes it permanent.
5．What you say now is not consistent (consistence) with what you said last week.
6．He consulted me about what we should do next.
7．Seldom do you get what you go after unless you know in advance what you want.
8．A young man walking in the street offered to relieve the old man of the heavy bag.
9．At last, the boy acknowledged having_stolen (steal) the money from his mother's pocket.
10．The government has taken a measure to maintain the stability (stable) of prices.
Ⅲ.选词填空
set in motion， a series of， set out， be similar to， pray for， accuse ... of ...， in relief， get a good view of
1．That I can always pray_for someone when I have no strength to help him in other way.
2．I sat in the front of the bus to get_a_good_view_of the countryside.
3．All the people present cheered in_relief when they heard the danger had passed.
4．Accused_of receiving questionable funds from a druggist, the physician was taken to the court.
5．I want to start making changes in my life, but I'm not sure how to get things set it in_motion.
6．He set_out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.
7．My teaching style is_similar_to most other teachers' in our school.
8．All my life I have set ahead of me a_series_of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Accustomed to rising (rise) at six in the morning, I can take an hour to read English every day.
2．What surprised me was that she stared at me for a moment, then burst into laughter suddenly.
3．There being (be) nothing else to do, they went away.
4．It was a relief (relieve) to be able to talk to someone about it.
5．Their wall paintings bear witness to impressive artistic activity.
6.He's come up with his classmates ahead of him, after months of patient (patience) and diligence.
7．It was generally acknowledged that he was innocent.
8．Testing students by examination has always been viewed as the only reliable method to measure students' level.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in my view， in spite of， in advance， be acknowledged as， assuming that， with patience， charge ... with ...， relieve ... of ...
1．In_spite_of his having been warned, he insisted on investing all his money on stocks.
2．In_my_view,_they are not intelligent enough to understand this question.
3．The driver of the red car will be charged_with the crime of drunk driving.
4．Moreover, if you know you are going to be late, it is always better to tell me about it in_advance.
5．Assuming_that I can put myself in their place, I cannot tell them what they should do.
6．He was relieved_of his post because he used his power to seek privilege.
7．She took care of her mother with_patience.
8．Teamwork is_acknowledged_as the most important aspect of any enterprise.

二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35,880 kilometers above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour — exactly the same speed that the earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10－12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.

1．Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?
A．Sending information for weather forecasts.
B．Taking photographs of the Earth.
C．Sending TV pictures.
D．Providing food for airplane pilots.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据前三段的内容可知，D项不是卫星做的事情。
2．How fast does the earth rotate?
A．35,880 kilometers per hour.
B．335,880 kilometers per hour.
C．11,000 kilometers per hour.
D．110,000 kilometers per hour.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的第四句可知。
3．What is the function of little rockets on a satellite?
A．To send a satellite.
B．To make a satellite in place.
C．To send more pictures.
D．To connect our international phone calls.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position”可知卫星内安装的小火箭把卫星拉回到正确的位置，故选B。
4．Which of the following is TRUE of satellites?
A．A satellite can be used to send television pictures internationally.
B．Every time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.
C．A broken satellite is never left in space.
D．They often crash into each other.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段的“We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another.”可知A项正确。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Holi is the festival of colors, __1__is usually celebrated in February or March. The festival is observed __2__a full moon day.
Holi is a social __3__ (celebrate). The entire society comes together to celebrate the festival of colors. In the evening, Holika is burnt. A great pile of wood, twigs and dried?up grass is made __4__(represent) Holika. Holika is set on fire afterwards.
On the day of Holi, people splash (泼洒) each other with a colored powder __5__ (call) “gulal”. Then all dance __6__ (enthusiastic). The procession (队伍) of people through the streets and roads __7__ (carry) a pot with colored water is a common sight on the festival day. Though traditionally, people only use __8__(nature) colors prepared from flowers and herbal products, the case is different today. Now, artificial colors __9__ (use), too. Balloons filled with colored water are thrown at anybody. No one questions this act as it is a part of the festival. It is __10__ occasion for revelry (狂欢)．
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
语篇解读：本文向我们介绍了印度的胡里节。胡里节是春天的一个节日，是印度人民的欢悦节，也被称为五彩节。
1．which　此处需要用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the festival，作从句的主语。
2．on　表示日期的名词前用介词on。
3．celebration　所填词前有不定冠词并且被形容词修饰，因此应该用单数可数名词。
4．to represent　此处用不定式作状语，表示人们堆起一个柴草堆的目的。
5．called　powder与call之间是被动关系，因此需要用过去分词作后置定语。
6．enthusiastically　所填词修饰动词作状语因此应该用副词形式。
7．carrying　此处需要用现在分词作定语，修饰people，表示带着装有彩色水的罐子，从街上走过的人们。
8．natural　所填词作定语修饰名词colors，因此需要用名词nature的形容词形式natural。
9．are used　此处需要填谓语动词，主语与use之间是被动关系，因此需要用被动形式，根据时间状语now可知，此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态。
10．an　occasion在文章中第一次出现，在此表泛指概念。在读音以元音开头的单词occasion前用不定冠词an。






PAGE



4









课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations, human beings have been putting great effort into space research.And so far, we have achieved many successes.But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not stop trying to progress.
The international space station (ISS) is an important step we should take in space exploration.It is not only helpful but also essential.It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time.It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe.It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars.In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is set up a space station.
As the space station costs a lot of money, it is hard for one country alone to establish one.The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone, and it has tried to do so, but not very successful.So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together.Though it is still extremely expensive, it is much cheaper than doing it alone.It is really a job that needs everyone's effort and will benefit everyone.
Led by the U．S.and Russia, the ISS is a joint project between six space agencies involving 16 countries.Called the greatest achievement in human cooperation, the ISS has come to the end of ten years' hard work in construction.China has applied for participation in (taking part in) the project many times.Unfortunately all the applications were rejected, which drove China onto the path of independent development.As the Long March Ⅱ?F/T1 carrier rocket blasted off (leave the ground) and successfully carried the Tiangong?1 into space on September 29, 2011, China takes a big step toward its Space Station Era.
Some West media suggested that the successful launch of Tiangong?1 would disturb the balance of global space power, raising concerns about “China threat”．China's space project is not designed for military purpose but for developing space technology to explore space resources and make use of them for mankind's well?being.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各国建立国际空间站，探索太空奥秘的情况。中国致力于和平发展空间技术，并取得了较大的进步和突破。
1．From Paragraph 2 we learn that ________.
A．the necessity of building the international space station is not realized now
B．many experiments have been done in the international space station
C．the international space station is necessary for people to explore space more
D．people have traveled to Mars from the international space station
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is set up a space station.”可知，人类要更好地研究宇宙，首先要建空间站。故选C。
2．Which of the following is NOT a reason for countries' cooperation in building the international space station?
A．That it is too far away from the earth.
B．That it requires a lot of money.
C．That it needs everyone's effort.
D．That it will benefit every participating country.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，各国合作建立国际空间站的原因有：需要大量资金、需要每个参与的国家全力以赴和各国将受益于空间站。故选A。
3．The underlined word “aggregated” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”．
A．united　　　　　　　 　B．scolded
C．allowed D．forbade
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据下文“work on it together”可知，aggregate意为“集合，凝聚”，故选A。
4．China wants to build its space station in order to ______.
A．show that China can build space station alone
B．raise international concerns about “China threat”
C．make use of space peacefully for mankind's well?being
D．break the balance of global space power
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“...but for developing space technology to explore space resources and make use of them for mankind's well?being.”可知，中国建立空间站的目的是和平利用空间资源来造福人类，故选C。
B
Astronomers (天文学家) say they are on the point of finding planets like Earth orbiting other stars, which is a key step in determining if we are alone in the universe.
A top NASA official and other leading scientists say that within four or five years they should discover the first Earth?like planet where life could develop, or may have already. A planet close to the size of Earth could even be found sometime this year.
At the annual American Astronomical Society conference this week, each discovery involving so?called “exoplanets” — those outside our solar system — pointed to the same conclusion: Quiet planets like Earth where life could develop probably are plentiful.
NASA's new Kepler telescope and a lot of new research from the suddenly hot and competitive exoplanet field caused noticeable buzz at the meeting. Scientists are talking about being at “an incredible special place in history” and closer to answering a question that has dogged humanity since the beginning of civilization. “Are we alone? For the first time, there's an optimism that sometime in our lifetimes we're going to get_to_the_bottom_of that，” said Simon Worden, an astronomer who heads NASA's Ames Research Center. “If I were a betting man, which I am, I would bet we're not alone.”
“These are big questions that reflect upon the meaning of the human race in the universe，” the director of the Vatican Observatory, the Rev. Jose Funes, said on Wednesday in an interview at this week's conference.
Worden told The Associated Press: “I would certainly expect in the next four or five years we'd have an Earthsized planet in the habitable (可居住的) zone.”
语篇解读：天文学家说，他们即将在其他恒星周围找到类似地球的行星，在那里生命可以形成，或者可能已经形成。到那时候就可以回答人类在宇宙中是否孤单这一问题了。
5．From the first two paragraphs we can learn ________.
A．astronomers has found planets like Earth orbiting other stars
B．finding other stars is a key step in determining if we are alone
C．it's possible that a planet like Earth will be found this year
D．scientists say that life have developed on the first Earth?like planet
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“A planet close to the size of Earth could even be found sometime this year.”一颗类似地球的行星可能在今年的某个时候被发现。故答案为C。
6．According to the passage an exoplanet is a planet ________.
A．like Earth
B．outside our solar system
C．orbiting the sun
D．where life have developed
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段“‘exoplanets’ — those outside our solar system”可得出答案。
7．The underlined words “get to the bottom of” in Paragraph 4 probably mean “________”.
A．understand fully　　 　 　B．make full use of
C．search for D．do more research on
解析：选A　词义猜测题。西蒙这句话的意思是：我们第一次有了乐观的看法，在我们的有生之年，我们将能弄清这个问题的真相。get to the bottom of“弄清真相，彻底弄明白”。
8．From the passage we can learn ________.
A．an Earth?like planet has been found
B．it's been proved we are not alone in the universe
C．Jose Funes has found the meaning of the human race in the universe
D．the discovery of an Earth?like planet could happen in the near future
解析：选D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，天文学家们认为在不久的将来，他们将在其他恒星周围找到类似地球的行星，证明人类在宇宙中并不孤单。
C
Elon Musk says Space X is developing a plan for trips to Mars (火星) that will eventually cost just D|S500,000 per seat. Musk founded Space X 10 years ago and space travel has always been one of his goals for the company. Few details were provided about the Martian voyage, but Musk did say we can expect to hear more about the plan in less than a year.
The price for a trip to Mars also highlights (突出) Musk's main effort behind Space X, to bring down the cost of delivering a human into space. In an interview with the BBC, Musk admitted that the first seats won't be selling for D|S500,000. It will take a while to get down to that price. But Musk says the half?million dollar ticket could happen a decade after trips begin. “Land on Mars, a roundtrip ticket — half a million dollars. It can be done，” he told the BBC.
Musk did say that one of the keys to low?cost trips to the red planet would be the ability to not only fuel there, but also to reuse the entire spaceship on the return trip. In the BBC interview Musk said by reusing the spaceship, you end up with the same sorts of costs airlines face. Musk compared it to flying today where a 747 isn't simply thrown away after a flight to London. Like the airplane, the cost of the spaceship could be spread out over many flights rather than just a single trip. The D|S500,000 price is around one percent of the cost NASA is now paying to send a person to the space station on a Russian rocket.
The talk of Martian travel came with Space X's most recent development news of its Dragon capsule. As the California company prepares to send a Dragon to the International Space Station next month, it completed the first crew trial with NASA. The event gave NASA astronauts a chance to test out the 7?seat capsule that is being developed to carry human passengers as well as goods.
语篇解读：“Space X”公司宣称，火星旅行开始后的十年内，一张往返票仅需50万美元。火星游客所乘坐的“龙”式太空舱现在正在研发和试验中。
9．According to the passage, Elon Musk ________.
A．will go to Mars at the cost of D|S500,000
B．is the leader of the Space X company
C．is an American astronaut from NASA
D．will send people to Mars in less than a year
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，埃隆·马斯克于十年前成立了“Space X”公司。故答案为B。
10．What makes the trip to Mars at such a low cost possible?
A．Taking enough fuel.
B．Reusing the spaceship.
C．Using the airplane again.
D．Building the space station.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，通过反复使用飞船，它们就能像飞机一样，宇宙飞船的成本不是由单次飞行承担，而可以通过多次飞行被平摊。故答案为B。
11．From the passage we can infer ________.
A．its Dragon capsule has taken the first passengers to Mars
B．NASA pays D|S5,000,000 for Russia to take one astronaut into space
C．the Dragon capsule is a spaceship made by NASA astronauts
D．Space X will use a Dragon capsule for passengers to make a trip to Mars
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，“Space X”公司与NASA(美国国家航空航天局)合作完成了首次机组试验，这一事件为NASA宇航员提供了试验七座式太空舱的机会，这种七座式飞船仍处于研发中，以实现运送旅客和货物的目的。故答案为D。
12．The main idea of the passage is ________.
A．the ticket to Mars will cost just D|S500,000
B．Space X is working together with NASA
C．the Dragon capsule is a cheap spaceship
D．the travel to Mars is becoming popular
解析：选A　主旨大意题。本文第一段第一句就点明了文章的主旨：埃隆·马斯克称“Space X”公司正在开发火星旅行计划，每个座位最终会仅售50万美元。后面内容是对这一主旨的详细说明。故答案为A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you're thinking about going to a new country, or are looking to learn how to speak a foreign language while you are in a different country, the tips in this article will help you to find the support you need.
Carry a pocket dictionary with you.
This is one of the most important things that you can do because it will program you to listen for words you aren't familiar with. __1__ You don't want to spend five minutes thumbing through a dictionary while having a conversation about the weather.
Try to find an employee at a local restaurant or store to help you with the language.
When restaurants or stores aren't busy, employees are being paid to make sure that you are finding everything you need. When there aren't many other customers, it may be appropriate to ask a few questions about the language. However, don't abuse this privilege.__2__
Work with a language teacher online.
This option doesn't require you to wait until you arrive at a new place, since you can do it anywhere in the world. __3__ Check out websites which offer access to professional language teachers.
Live with a host family.
__4__ Whether it's getting home?cooked dishes or learning the local slang (俚语), it's always great to meet other people in a new country, rather than traveling alone. Local host families may be free, but working out those arrangements is up to you.
__5__
This is by far one of the most rewarding things of going to a new country: meeting new people and forming new relationships. When you develop a friendship with someone who needs to learn your native tongue, you can bond at a deeper level and help them while they help you.
A．Find someone who needs to learn your language.
B．There are certain advantages of staying with locals.
C．While most employees are polite, they aren't paid tutors.
D．When you move to another country, everything is fresh and new.
E．You can also continue to learn with them even if you move to a new place.
F．Develop confidence for a language you might not be very comfortable to use.
G．Always wait until after your conversation to look up words unless it is an emergency.

1．选G　本句表转折，提醒读者要注意使用词典的时机。
2．选C　本句呼应上文，告诉读者不能认为餐厅或商店里的服务员可以无休止地帮助你，他们不是付费的老师。
3．选E　本句对上文进行补充，说明在网上跟一个老师学习的另一个好处。
4．选B　本句为下文的内容进行铺垫，说明住在当地人家里对你的语言学习等很有益处。
5．选A　本句概括了本段的主要内容，即找到一个想要学习你的母语的人，互相帮助，建立更深的友谊。





PAGE



3