Module 5 Cloning
Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human lifespan (寿命) can be prolonged.
Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial (皇帝的) family being a good example, have hereditary (遗传的) diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it and a healthy child will be born.
Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep; therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the governments must take care to control gene technology.
Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre?reading
Frankenstein's Monster
Part 1 The story of Frankenstein
Frankenstein is the name of a young scientist from Geneva, in Switzerland. While studying at university①， he discovers the secret of how to create life. Using bones from dead bodies②， he creates a creature ③that resembles④ a human being and gives it life⑤. The creature, which is very large and strong⑥， and is also extremely⑦ ugly, terrifies⑧anyone who sees it⑨. However, the monster, who has learnt to speak, is intelligent⑩ and has human emotions?. He becomes lonely? and unhappy when he cannot find any friends and soon he begins to hate his creator Frankenstein. When Frankenstein refuses? to create a wife for him, the monster murders? Frankenstein's brother, his best friend Clerval, and finally, Frankenstein's new wife Elizabeth. The scientist chases? the creature to the Arctic? in order to? destroy him, but he dies there. At the end of the story, the monster disappears into the ice and snow to end his own life.
①While studying at university是时间状语从句的省略，补充完整是：While he is studying at university。
②Using bones from dead bodies是方式状语。
③that引导定语从句，that在从句中作主语，不能省略。
④resemble＝(look like) vt.像
不能用于进行时态或被动语态。
⑤give ...life＝give life to ...赋予……生命
⑥which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the creature。
⑦extremely adv.很，极其
⑧terrify/'ter?faI/ v．使惊恐，使受惊吓
⑨who sees it是定语从句，修饰先行词anyone。
⑩intelligent adj.有智慧的，悟性强的
?emotion/I'm???n/ n．感情；情绪
?lonely adj.孤独的
lonely强调因孤独而主观上感到寂寞；
alone强调客观上只有一个人。
?refuse/rI'fju?z/ v．拒绝
refuse后常接to do不定式。
?murder/'m??d?/ v．谋杀
?chase/t?eIz/ v．追逐，追赶，追踪
?the Arctic北极，北极地区
?in order to为了，此处可换成so as to。
弗兰肯斯坦的怪物
[第1段译文]
第一部分 《弗兰肯斯坦》的故事
弗兰肯斯坦是瑞士日内瓦一位年轻的科学家的名字。还在上大学时，他就发现了怎样创造生命的秘密。利用死人的骨头，他创造出一个像人的怪物，并赋予了它生命。那个怪物非常高大、强壮，并且极其丑陋，吓坏了所有见到他的人。但是，怪物却有智力和人类的情感，并学会了说话。由于找不到任何朋友，他感到孤独和难过，并很快开始憎恨创造他的那个人——弗兰肯斯坦。当弗兰肯斯坦拒绝为他造一个妻子时，怪物谋杀了弗兰肯斯坦的兄弟和他最好的朋友克莱瓦尔，最后还杀死了弗兰肯斯坦的新婚妻子伊丽莎白。为了除掉怪物，弗兰肯斯坦追赶他到北极，但他本人却死在了那里。在故事的结尾部分，怪物在冰天雪地中结束了自己的生命。
Part 2 Extract? from Frankenstein
?It was on a cold November night that I saw my creation for the first time?. Feeling very anxious, I prepared the equipment that would give life to the thing that lay at my feet. It was already one in the morning and the rain fell against the window. My candle was almost burnt out when, by its tiny light, I saw the yellow eye of the creature open. It breathed hard, and moved its arms and legs.
How can I describe my emotions when I saw this happen? How can I describe the monster who I had worked so hard to create？ I had tried to make him beautiful. Beautiful! He was the ugliest thing I had ever seen！ You could see the veins beneath his yellow skin. His hair was black and his teeth were white. But these things contrasted horribly with his yellow eyes, his wrinkled yellow skin and black lips.
?extract n．节选；摘录
?本句是强调句型，强调时间状语on a cold November night。
?介词短语for the first time意为“第一次”，作时间状语。
the first time起连词作用，可引导时间状语从句。
equipment n．[U]设备 a piece of equipment一件设备
两个that都引导定语从句，分别修饰the equipment和the thing。
against prep. 撞击；撞着
burn out (火)燃尽，烧完自灭
breathe/bri??/ v．呼吸
describe v．描述
who I had ...是定语从句，修饰先行词the monster。
I had ...是定语从句，省略了作宾语的关系代词that。
vein/veIn/ n．血管；静脉
beneath prep.在……下方
horribly adv.吓人地，可怕地，恐怖地
contrast/k?n'trɑ?st/ v．对照
contrast with与……形成对照
wrinkled/'rI?kld/ adj.(皮肤等)布满皱纹的
[第2～3段译文]
第二部分 《弗兰肯斯坦》节选
我是在11月一个寒冷的晚上首次看到我的“作品”的。它躺在我的脚边，我十分紧张不安地准备了赋予它生命所需的设备。时间已是凌晨1点，雨点敲打着窗户。我的蜡烛即将燃尽。就在此时，借着微弱的烛光，我看见怪物睁开了黄色的眼睛。它喘着粗气，挪动着四肢。,该怎样描述我看见这一切发生时内心的感受呢？该怎样描述我费尽心血创造出来的这个怪物呢？我曾尽力把他创造得好看一些。好看！他是我看到过的最丑陋的东西！他黄色皮肤下的血管依稀可见。他的头发是黑色的，他的牙齿是白色的。但这些东西却与他的黄眼睛、皱巴巴的黄皮肤以及黑嘴唇形成了骇人的对比。
I had worked for nearly two years with one aim only, to give life to a lifeless body. For this I had not slept, I had destroyed my health. I had wanted it more than anything in the world. But now I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished， and horror and disgust filled my heart. Now my only thoughts were, “I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I was on the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear！” When he turned to look at me, I felt unable to stay in the same room as him. I rushed out, and for a long time I walked up and down my bedroom. At last I threw myself on the bed in my clothes, trying to find a few moments of sleep. But although I slept， I had terrible dreams. I dreamt I saw my fiancée walking in the streets of our town. She looked well and happy but as I kissed her lips, they became pale, as if she were dead. Her face changed and I thought I held the body of my dead mother in my arms. I woke, shaking with fear. At that same moment， I saw the creature that I had created. He was standing by my bed and watching me. His mouth opened and he made a sound， then seemed to smile. I think he wanted to speak, but I did not hear. He put out a hand, as if he wanted to keep me there, but I ran out of the room. I hid in the garden and stayed there till morning, terrified by what I had done. Again and again I thought, “I wish I had not done this terrible thing, I wish I was dead！”
You cannot imagine the horror of that face! I had seen him when he was unfinished — he was ugly then. But when he stood up and moved, he became a creature from my worst nightmares.
lifeless adj.无生命的
more than多于；超出
vanish vi.消失；突然不见
horror n．惊骇；令人恐怖的事物
disgust/dIs'ɡ?st/ v．使觉得恶心；使厌烦 n．厌恶
第一个wish后的从句用了虚拟语气(表示对过去的虚拟)；第二个wish后的从句用了虚拟语气(表示对现在的虚拟)；第三个wish后的从句也用了虚拟语气(表示对将来的虚拟)。
the same ...as和/同……一样
rush/r??/ v．冲，猛冲
up and down来来回回，上上下下
throw oneself on ...扑倒在……上
现在分词短语trying to find ...作伴随状语。
although I slept是让步状语从句。
fiancée/fi'?nseI/ n．未婚妻
as if意为“好像”，其后的从句常用虚拟语气。
现在分词短语shaking with fear作伴随状语。
fear/fI?/ n．害怕，恐惧
with fear表示“因为害怕”，用with表示原因。
at that same moment就在那一刻
that I had created是定语从句，修饰the creature。
make a sound发出声音
put out伸出；熄灭；扑灭
hide v．(hid, hidden)躲藏
terrified是形容词，此处作状语。
again and again一再，屡次
unfinished adj.未完成的
nightmare/'naItme?/ n．噩梦
[第4～5段译文]
我忙了近两年，目标只有一个：将生命注入一具尸体。为此，我放弃了睡眠、累坏了身体。它一度是这个世界上我最想要的东西。现在我已经完成了创作，但梦想中的美丽已荡然无存，恐怖和厌恶充斥着我的心灵。现在，我唯一的想法是：“但愿我没有创造出这个家伙，但愿我身处世界的另一边，但愿我可以消失得无影无踪！”当他转过身来看我时，我受不了和他待在同一个房间里。我冲了出去，接下来的很长一段时间我就在自己的卧室里来回踱步。最后我和衣倒在床上，试图睡一会儿。但尽管我睡着了，也是噩梦连连。我梦见我的未婚妻走在我们城镇的大街上。她看上去健康而快乐。但是，当我亲吻她的嘴唇时，她双唇变得苍白，犹如死人。她的脸变了，我感觉拥抱着的是我死去的母亲。我浑身战栗着吓醒了。就在那一刻，我看见了我创造出的那个怪物。他正站在我的床边，看着我。他张开嘴，发出一个声音，然后像是笑了。我猜他想说什么，但我没听见。他伸出一只手来，好像是想要把我留在那儿，但我冲出了房间。由于被我做的事情吓到，我藏身花园，一直待到天亮。我一遍又一遍地想：“但愿我没有做这件可怕的事情！但愿我死了！”
你无法想象那张脸有多可怕！当他还没有生命的时候，我看了他，那时只觉得他丑陋。但当他站起来行走时，他就成了我最可怕的噩梦中的生物。
Pre?reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．clone A．to make someone extremely afraid
2．terrify B．to make someone feel very annoyed or upset about sth./sb.
3．chase C．a very frightening dream
4．disgust D．to move very quickly
5．emotion E．a strong human feeling such as love, hate, or anger
6．murder F．to make an exact copy of a plant or animal by taking a cell from it
7．rush G．to quickly follow sth. or sb. in order to catch them
8．nightmare H．to kill sb. deliberately and illegally
1～5 ____________ 6～8 ________
答案：1～5 FAGBE 6～8 HDC
Lead?in
Look at this picture. What is it? How long did it live? And how was it produced?
参考答案：It_is_the_photo_of_Dolly_the_sheep._It_lived_for_six_and_a_half_years._It_was_produced_by_cloning,_using_cells_from_animals_to_make_exact_copies.
While?reading
Fast?reading
(Ⅰ)Read “Frankenstein's Monster” fast and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Frankenstein gave life to the monster.
Para.2 B．The story of Frankenstein
Para.3 C．The description of the monster
Para.4 D．The horror of the monster's face
Para.5 E．His horror and disgust about the monster, his regrets about the creation of it and his terrible dreams
Para.1－， Para.2－， Para.3－， Para.4－， Para.5－
(Ⅱ)Skim the text and arrange the events in the correct order.
A．The monster murdered Frankenstein's brother.
B．Frankenstein refused to create a wife for the monster.
C．The scientist chased the monster to the Arctic.
D．The monster disappeared into the ice and snow to end his own life.
E．The monster killed Frankenstein's new wife.
答案：B—A—D—E—C
Careful?reading
(Ⅰ)True (T) or False (F)．
1．Frankenstein discovers the secret of how to create life after graduating from college.__F__
2．The monster hates his creator because he feels lonely and unhappy, and his creator refuses to create a wife for him.__T__
3．The monster killed Frankenstein's brother, friend and wife because he can't find any friend.__F__
4．Frankenstein regretted creating the monster.__T__
(Ⅱ)Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.
1．Why does the scientist chase the creature to the Arctic?
A．Because the monster murdered the scientist's three loved people.
B．Because the monster frightened many people to death.
C．Because the monster wanted to kill the scientist.
D．Because the scientist wanted to die with the monster.
2．Which word can be used to describe the scientist's feeling after seeing the monster?
A．Excited. B．Regretful.
C．Satisfied. D．Astonished.
3．Why did Frankenstein wake shaking with fear?
A．Because he had terrible dreams.
B．Because the monster kept touching him.
C．Because the monster kept talking to him.
D．Because he saw his dead wife.
4．Frankenstein wished he had not created the monster because he thought________.
A．the monster would kill him
B．he would bring people nightmares
C．he would bring the world disaster
D．the monster looked very ugly
答案：1～4 ABAD
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The creature, which is very large and strong, and is also extremely ugly, terrifies anyone who sees it.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 那个怪物非常高大、强壮，并且极其丑陋，吓坏了所有见到它的人。
2．Feeling very anxious, I prepared the equipment that would give life to the thing that lay at my feet.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 它躺在我的脚边，我十分紧张不安地准备好赋予它生命所需的设备。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
There are many ways in which human cloning is expected to benefit humans.
Dr Richard Seed, one of the leading supporters of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to completely change the aging process because of what we learn from cloning.
Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. Heart disease is the number one killer in the US and several other industrialised countries.
There has been a breakthrough with human stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce organs to repair or replace damaged ones. Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, hearts, lungs, and kidneys could be produced. By combining this technology with human cloning technology, it may be possible to produce needed organs for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart failure, and other problems can be cured if human cloning and its technology are not banned.
Though current treatments for infertility (不生育) are getting a fair amount of publicity in the news, they, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. Some data shows that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before possible.
1．According to Dr Richard Seed, we can use cloning technology to ________.
A．produce more animals
B．make people live happily
C．make people look younger
D．cure people of many diseases
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“to completely change the aging process”可知，Richard Seed认为克隆技术可以彻底改变变老的进程。因此推知，克隆技术可以使人们看上去更年轻。
2．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．cloning has already been used to treat heart disease
B．we can treat a man's heart disease by cloning hearts
C．most people in industrial countries suffer from heart disease
D．more people die of heart disease than of other diseases in the US
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，心脏病是美国和其他工业化国家的头号杀手，因此在美国死于心脏病的人要比死于其他疾病的人多。
3．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．With cloning infertile couples could have children.
B．Treatment of infertility is not successful.
C．Infertile couples suffer a lot physically and mentally.
D．It is difficult for couples to have more children now.
解析：选A 段落大意题。联系全文可知，本文的主题是人类克隆技术。最后一段点明了现在治疗不孕的成功率很低，许多夫妇饱受煎熬，最后说明了利用人类克隆技术可以使不孕的夫妇有自己的孩子，因此A项正确。
4．What is the author's attitude towards human cloning?
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Cautious. D．Curious.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章第一句，特别是关键词benefit及第二至五段(都是讲人类克隆技术会给人类带来益处)可推知，作者对人类克隆技术持支持的态度。
B
I'm sure many of you have seen Star Wars, Jurassic Park, Multiplicity, or many of the other movies that describe cloning. Most of what you see in these movies is false. What you don't know is that cloning could be dangerous, to the clone and to our society as a whole. It's immoral to have a human clone.
What about identity? Humans are promised the right to their own personalities. What would happen if we ignore those rights by giving them someone else's genetic identity? True, personality is not fixed in genetic fault of the cloned.
Also, there is a large power struggle here. Cloning means a degree of power and control over another person's physical identity and that ignores their rights and their only personalities. The person doing the cloning would have more power than any parent would have.
Cloning would also deal with killing embryos (胚胎). You might not have known, but Dolly, the sheep that was cloned in 1996, was one of over 200 sheep embryos and hers was the only embryo that survived. The rest died or were thrown away. Imagine if the failure rate was that high when we started to clone humans. More than 200 embryos, the start of 200 human beings, would die for the sake of just one embryo that would have the same DNA as someone else.
Cloning someone, at this present time, would be extremely dangerous to the birth mother and the clone. In studies done on cows, 4 out of 12 birth mothers died. There is a very high failure rate, which is showed in the cloning of Dolly. Even if you had a few good embryos, failures have been noticeable in animal tests.
So, should we work ahead in the world of cloning? I say no. The risks are greater than the benefits. It's dangerous to the clone and to the birth mother. We would be killing human lives in the process. It would also be a violation (侵害) of the clone's right to its own genetic identity and personality.
5．The author thinks human cloning is wrong mainly for ________ reasons.
A．2 B．3
C．4 D．5
解析：选C 推理判断题。文章的第二、三、四、五段各介绍一条理由，所以共四条理由。
6．According to the article, what is the author's opinion about identity?
A．Cloning itself gives parents great power over identity.
B．People's identity is completely determined by their genes.
C．Governments have the rights to confirm people's identities.
D．Cloning may prevent people from possessing their identity.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Humans are promised the right to their own personalities.”以及后面的内容判断。
7．From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.
A．human cloning is much more difficult than animal cloning
B．Dolly is the most successful one among 200 sheep embryos
C．cloning means running the risk of wasting too much effort
D．numbers of baby animals are likely to be created by cloning
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The rest died or were thrown away.”可知。
8．Why does the author mention some movies in the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the topic of the article.
B．To present his idea about the movies.
C．To state the conclusion first.
D．To make the article unusual.
解析：选A 推理判断题。作者在文章的开头提到几部电影，目的是为了引出“克隆”这个话题。
C
When we think of chess, we feel it is a very difficult game. But do you know that most chess players and champions start very young?
Take the example of world champion Jose Raul Capablanca of Cuba. He was born in 1888 and picked up chess at the age of four by watching his father play. Similarly, Sammy Reshevsky of Poland also made his first moves on the chessboard at the age of four. By 1920, at the age of eight, he was busy touring the cities of Europe as the “wonder boy” who could outplay (击败) adults. Pentyla Harikrishna, from India, became a Grandmaster at the age of 15! Harikrishna learnt chess from his grandfather when he was five years old.
It is true that not everyone who plays the sport becomes a champion. Yet, it is a fact that the world has become chess crazy, especially children. In India, the southern city of Chennai was for long called the chess capital of India. After all it produced champions like Viswanathan Anand, Manuel Aaron and V. Ravi Kumar. Today the_craze has spread across the country. The number of chess clubs has increased, as well as the number of tournaments played through the year. In Russia and several other European countries, as well as in Canada, chess is part of the school courses.
In fact, this is one game that helps children in many ways and not only on the chess board. To play better, it becomes necessary to read chess books. So no one will accuse you of not being interested in reading! You have to be able to keep scores, so your arithmetic (算术) gets strengthened. More importantly, you are the general of your army on the board and have to think carefully before making any move. Otherwise your opponent (对手) will corner your troops. For this you have to be able to think of various moves and choose the best possible move. Naturally, your thinking becomes faster and you learn to decide faster.
If you don't play chess, it's time to have a try.
语篇解读：作者认为小孩子在很小的时候就可以下国际象棋，且进行这项活动对小孩有很多益处。
9．What does the underlined part “the craze” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．People's love for sport.
B．People's love for chess.
C．People's interest of joining chess clubs.
D．People's eagerness to become a champion.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Yet, it is a fact that the world has become chess crazy, especially children.”可知“the craze”指代的是人们对国际象棋的热爱。
10．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．The tips of playing chess well.
B．The benefits of playing chess.
C．The relationship between chess and study.
D．The difficulties of learning to play chess.
解析：选B 段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，主要是讲小孩子学下国际象棋的益处。
11．What's the author's purpose of writing this text?
A．To tell what the best age to play chess is.
B．To show chess isn't a difficult game.
C．To encourage children to play chess young.
D．To introduce some famous chess champions.
解析：选C 写作意图题。根据第一段最后一句及最后一段内容可知，作者的主要目的是鼓励孩子从小开始学象棋。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Reasons why you should learn first aid
A first aid course only takes a matter of hours to complete but supplies you with all of the knowledge you require to handle an emergency. __1__ Actually, there are more benefits if you take crucial (关键的) first aid practices.
__2__ Just imagine for a second that somebody was in a life?threatening condition and your quick actions saved their lives. What a great feeling to wake up to, remembering that you have prolonged (延长) someone's life and allowed them to spend many more happy years with their loved ones.
Having the ability to help family and friends in need. When a member of your family or a friend injures himself or herself, there's nothing worse than feeling helpless. In your first aid training, you can learn how to treat a variety of medical conditions and injuries. This means that when someone is in need, you will know exactly what to do. __3__
Earning the respect of your fellow colleagues. __4__ They will most certainly be grateful for all of your help, because you have provided the correct treatment at an early stage and they can recover quickly. This will reduce the number of days they are absent.
Gaining new responsibilities. Your role as a first?aider is very important especially in high?risk working environments where employees are operating heavy machines or working at a great height. __5__ More importantly, your skills will be highly valued to prevent potential accidents.
A．But that's not all.
B．Getting more confidence.
C．You will be the go?to person in times of need.
D．Having the pride you will feel if you help save someone.
E．We all know that accidents happen, but we cannot predict the future.
F．Your knowledge of first aid will increase their chance of making a quick recovery.
G．Stepping in to help your colleagues will have a greater effect than you might expect.
答案：1～5 ADFGC
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Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.clone v． 克隆 2.wing n. 翅膀 3.chase v. 追逐，追赶，追踪 4.contrast v. 对照 5.rush v. 冲，猛冲 6.nightmare n. 噩梦 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.terrify v．使惊恐，使受惊吓→terrified adj.恐惧；害怕→terrifying adj.可怕的 2.wrinkled adj.(皮肤等)布满皱纹的，具有皱褶的→wrinkle v．(使脸上)起皱纹n.皱纹 3.disgust v．使觉得恶心；使厌烦→disgusted adj.厌恶的；反感的→disgusting adj.令人不快的 4.emotion n．感情；情绪→emotional adj.感情的；情感的 5.murder v．谋杀→murderer n．凶手 6.refuse v．拒绝→refusal n．拒绝 7.breathe v．呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.呼吸困难的 8.fear v．& n．害怕，恐惧→fearful adj.可怕的；吓人的→fearless adj.无畏的；大胆的 1.wing n．翅膀[形近] ①swing vt.摇摆，旋转 ②wink vi.眨眼 2.chase v．追逐，追赶，追踪 [联想] ①follow v．跟随，追赶 ②pursue v．追求 3.contrast v．对照 [同义] compare v．比较 [形近] contract v．缩小 n．合同，契约 4.rush v．冲，猛冲 [同义] dash v．猛冲 5.terrify v．(terrified, terrified)使惊恐，使受惊吓 [同义] ①frighten vt.使惊吓，害怕 ②scare v．受惊吓，恐吓，吓走 [串记] People are often terrified by the terrifying events made by the terrorists. 6.emotion n．感情，情绪 [联想] feelings n．感情，情感 7.refuse v．拒绝 [同义] ①decline v．拒绝 ②reject vt.拒绝 8.fear v．& n．害怕，恐惧 [联想] 由fear想到的 ①fright n．惊骇，惊恐 ②horror n．恐怖，战栗③panic n．惊慌，恐慌 ④terror n．恐怖，惊骇
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.burn out (火)燃尽，燃完自灭 2.contrast with 与……形成对照 3.up and down 上上下下，来来回回 4.throw oneself on ... 扑倒在……上 5.make a sound 发出声音 6.again and again 一再，屡次 1.at university 在大学 2.by its tiny light 借助它微弱的光 3.have terrible dreams 做可怕的梦 4.shake with fear 因为害怕而颤动 5.put out a hand 伸出一只手 6.run out of the room 跑出房间
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1....it is generally agreed that it is one of the best science fiction stories ever written. ……它被一致认为是写得最好的科幻小说之一。 “It is ＋过去分词＋that ...”句式，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。 It_was_agreed_that we should hold another meeting. 大家一致认为，我们应该再召开一次会议。
2.While studying at university, he discovers the secret of how to create life. 还在上大学时，他就发现了怎样创造生命的秘密。 时间状语从句的省略，省略了主语和be动词。 One can gain a lot of experience while_doing a part?time job. 一个人在做兼职的时候，能够获得很多经验。
1．(教材P57)He terrifies everyone who sees him.
他使每一个见到他的人感到惊恐。
?terrify v．使惊恐，使受惊吓
(1)terrify sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事
(2)terrified adj. 恐惧的，受惊吓的
be terrified at/with/by 被……吓了一跳
be terrified of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
be terrified that ... 害怕……
be terrified to do sth. 对做某事感到害怕
(3)terrifying adj. 令人害怕的
①The robber terrified the bank clerk into opening the safe.
抢劫犯恐吓银行职员打开保险柜。
②The little girl was terrified of the dark so she was terrified to_think (think) of being locked in a dark room.
小女孩害怕黑暗，所以一想到被锁在黑屋里她就害怕。
③I'm terrified at/with/by the thought of being alone in the house.
想到自己单独待在房子里我就很害怕。
④Thinking of the terrifying accident, I still felt terrified. (terrify)
想起那起可怕的事故，我仍然感到害怕。
2．(教材P58)When Frankenstein refuses to create a wife for him，the monster murders Frankenstein's brother, his best friend Clerval, and finally, Frankenstein's new wife Elizabeth.
当弗兰肯斯坦拒绝为他造一个妻子时，怪物杀害了弗兰肯斯坦的兄弟和他最好的朋友克莱瓦尔，最后还杀死了弗兰肯斯坦的新婚妻子伊丽莎白。
?refuse v．拒绝
(1)refuse to do (sth.) 拒绝做(某事)
refuse sb.sth. 拒绝某人某物
(2)refusal n. 拒绝
①She was pained when you refused her invitation.
当你拒绝她的邀请时，她很痛苦。
②He refused to_go (go) into details about his plans.
他不肯详述他计划的细节。
③His refusal (refuse) to come to our English evening party was very disappointing.
他拒绝参加我们的英语晚会，令人非常失望。
[名师点津] refuse常接不定式或双宾语；不接动词?ing形式、不定式的复合宾语或宾语从句。
3．(教材P58)The scientist chases the creature to the Arctic in order to destroy him, but he dies there.
为了除掉怪物，弗兰肯斯坦追赶他到北极，但他本人却死在了那里。
?chase v．追逐，追赶，追踪
chase after 追赶，追逐，追求
chase ...off/away/out 把……赶走，驱逐
①The kids chased each other around the dining table.
孩子们围着餐桌相互追逐嬉戏。
②He never gave up chasing after his dream in his youth.
年轻时代，他从未放弃追逐自己的梦想。
③The noise is considered necessary to chase away the evil spirits of the old year.
人们认为用喧闹声来驱除过去一年的恶魔很有必要。
4．(教材P59)My candle was almost burnt out when, by its tiny light, I saw the yellow eye of the creature open.
我的蜡烛即将燃尽。就在此时，借着微弱的烛光，我看见怪物睁开了黄色的眼睛。
?burn out(火)燃尽，烧完自灭；耗尽体力，累垮
burn oneself/sb. out 使某人(自己)耗尽体力/累垮
burn away 烧掉；烧光
burn up 被烧光；烧尽
burn down (建筑物)被烧毁；火势减弱
burn ...to the ground 把……烧成平地
①It's a high?pressure job and you could burn out young.
这是一份压力很大的工作，你年纪轻轻就会身心疲惫。
②After he broke up with his girlfriend, he burnt up all her letters.
他和女朋友分手后，把她的信件都烧掉了。
③The house was on fire last night and was burned_down.
那幢房子昨晚着火了，被烧毁了。
④Several houses have been burned to the ground when the blaze is put out.
大火扑灭时，好几间房子已全部烧成平地。
[名师点津] burn out既可以为及物动词词组，也可以为不及物动词词组。
5．(教材P59)It breathed hard, and moved its arms and legs.
它喘着粗气，挪动着四肢。
?breathe v．呼吸
(1)breathe in 吸气
breathe out 呼气
(2)breath n. 气息，呼吸
out of breath 气喘吁吁；上气不接下气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
①The doctor told him to breathe in deeply and then breathe out.
医生叫他先深深吸一口气，然后再把气呼出来。
②Take a deep breath, and you'll feel a bit relaxed.
深深吸口气，你就觉得轻松些了。
③I was out_of_breath after running for the bus.
因为追赶公共汽车，我上气不接下气。
6．(教材P59)But these things contrasted horribly with his yellow eyes, his wrinkled yellow skin and black lips.
但这些东西却与他的黄眼睛、皱巴巴的黄皮肤以及黑嘴唇形成了骇人的对比。
?contrast
(1)v.对比，对照；形成对比
contrast A and/with B 对比A和B
contrast with 与……形成对比
①His actions contrast sharply with his promises.
他的行动与诺言形成鲜明的对照。
②Contrast his work with/and hers, and you'll find the writing styles of them are the same.
对比他和她的作品，你会发现他们的写作风格都是一样的。
(2)n.[C，U] 对比，对照
in contrast to/with 和……相比
by contrast 对比起来，相比之下
③In_contrast_with/to his terrified look, his girlfriend looks calm.
与他害怕的表情相比，他的女友看起来很镇定。
④She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, by_contrast,_had done very well.
她差点考试没有通过，相比之下她姐姐却顺利通过。
7．(教材P59)I rushed out, and for a long time I walked up and down my bedroom.
我冲了出去，接下来的很长一段时间我就在自己的卧室来回踱步。
?rush
(1)v.(使)猛冲，冲，急促；紧急送往
rush in 冲进
rush out 冲出
rush to do sth. 急着做某事
rush sb. to ... 紧急送某人到(某地)
①A troop of children rushed in and chased each other noisily.
一群小孩冲进来，喧闹地彼此追逐。
②Delighted at the decision, the peasants rushed to_volunteer (volunteer) for the work.
对这个决定很高兴，农民们急着跑去自愿参加这项工作。
③Doctors and medical supplies were rushed to the scene of the accident.
医生和医疗用品被急速运往事故现场。
(2)v.(使)仓促行事，匆忙行事
rush (sb.) into (doing) sth. (使某人)匆忙做某事
④Don't rush me into making a decision. I need time to think it over.
不要催我做出决定。我需要时间仔细考虑一下。
(3)n.冲；急忙；仓促；高峰期
make a rush for ... 冲向(某地)
in a rush 急忙，匆忙
in the rush hour/at rush hour 在(上下班的)交通高峰期间
⑤The traffic is always very heavy in some large cities, especially in the rush hour/at rush hour.
一些大型城市的交通总是很拥挤，尤其是在上下班高峰期。
⑥Never forget to find out the direction when you are in_a_rush.
匆忙赶路的时候，别忘了看看方向。
8．(教材P59)At last I threw myself on the bed in my clothes, trying to find a few moments of sleep.
最后我和衣倒在床上，试图睡一会儿。
?throw oneself on ...扑倒在……上
throw away 抛弃；放弃
throw out 抛出，赶出
throw up 呕吐
throw sb.to the ground 猛力把……推倒在地
throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于
①After a day's tiring teaching, I like to throw myself on the couch with a good book.
一天劳累的教学之后，我喜欢倒在沙发上看一本好书。
②Don't throw away a great opportunity like this.
不要白白放弃像这样的一个绝好的机会。
③If you throw yourself into the job, you'll finish it by this evening.
如果你全身心地投入到这项工作中，你就会在今晚完成它的。
9．(教材P59)I woke, shaking with fear.
我浑身战栗着吓醒了。
?fear
(1)n. [C，U]恐惧，害怕
for fear of (doing) sth./for fear (that) ...
唯恐……
with fear (由于)害怕
①He told us to keep quiet for fear that we might disturb others.
他让我们保持安静，以免打扰别人。
②She left an hour early for_fear_of missing the plane.
她提前一个小时走了，以免误了飞机。
③He woke up from a nightmare, trembling with_fear.
他从噩梦中惊醒，因恐惧而发抖。
[名师点津] for fear of为介词短语，后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语；for fear that引导目的状语从句。
(2)v.害怕，恐惧；担心
fear to do/doing sth. 害怕做某事
fear for ... 为……担心
④All mothers fear for their children when they first leave home.
孩子初次出门，母亲总要为之担心。
⑤She feared to_hear/hearing (hear) the story about the ghosts and the monsters when she was a child.
小时候，她害怕听那些妖魔鬼怪的故事。
10．(教材P59)He put out a hand, as if he wanted to keep me there, but I ran out of the room.
他伸出一只手来，好像想要把我留在那儿，但我冲出了房间。
?put out伸出；熄灭；出版
put away 把……收起来，放好
put up with 容忍
put down 贬低，镇压
put forward 提出；拿出
put off 推迟，拖延
put on 穿上，戴上；上演
put through 完成
①Noise is coming to the point where we can't put up with it.
噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步。
②The questions put_forward at the meeting are of great importance.
会上提出的那些问题极其重要。
③Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
今日事今日毕。
The novel immediately became very popular and it is generally agreed that it is one of the best science fiction stories ever written.
这部小说立即受到欢迎，并被一致认为是写得最好的科幻小说之一。
(1)It is agreed that ...属于“It is ＋过去分词＋that ...”句式，常用的过去分词有said, reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well?known等。
①It was reported that ten more people died of this disease.
据报道，又有10人死于这种疾病。
②It_is_well?known_that the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
(2)若过去分词为表示“建议”“命令”“愿望”(如suggested, ordered, requested等)的词时，从句需用虚拟语气，即谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
③It is suggested that we (should)_discuss (discuss) the problem.
有人建议我们应该讨论一下这个问题。
④It is requested that all members (should) be present at the party.
全体会员都被要求出席这次晚会。
(3)上述句型常可以转换为“sb./sth.is＋过去分词＋to do”结构，且其中的不定式根据具体语境，可采用to do/to be doing/to have done等形式。
⑤Pizza is believed to be about three thousand years old.
据信，比萨饼大约有三千年的历史。
⑥He is said to have_been_working (work) in this factory for more than twenty years.
据说，他在该厂工作有二十多年了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The story he told was so terrifying (terrify) that it gave me the shivers.
2．The boy chased after the butterfly, but lost it.
3．Despite all these discouragements, she refused to_give (give) up.
4．In large cities people breathe in dangerous gases from cars and chimneys (烟囱).
5．This cold weather contrasts with last week's heat.
6．Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash.
7．Hearing the strange sound, the child was shaking with fear.
8．Only the shell of the factory was left after the fire had been put out.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．While_waiting_for_the_bus,_he met one of his old classmates by chance.
在等公共汽车时，他偶然遇到了一位老同学。
2．I threw_myself_on_the_bed and fell asleep immediately.
我倒在床上立刻就睡着了。
3．All the candles were_burnt_out after a whole night.
整整一夜之后，所有的蜡烛都烧完了。
4．It_is_generally_agreed_that we should eat less fat and more vegetables.
人们普遍认为应该少吃肥肉多吃蔬菜。
5．In_contrast_with/to_me,_Tom is more diligent than I. But by_contrast,_Mary is much more diligent than Tom.
与我相比，汤姆比我勤奋。但相比之下，玛丽比汤姆勤奋得多。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Traveling on those bad mountain roads is a nightmare (噩梦)．
2．The boys, faced with this somewhat terrifying (令人害怕的) figure, had lost their tongues.
3．Her refusal (拒绝) to go to the party is beyond expectation.
4．It took us a few minutes to get our breath (呼吸) back after the race.
5．She made the contrast (比较) of this picture with that one.
6．Trembling with fear (害怕), Polly slowly opened the door.
7．The child rushed (冲) into the room and tracked dirt over the floor.
8．These years, more and more people study the technology of cloning (克隆)．
9．The speaker appealed to our emotions (感情) rather than to our minds.
10．His age was evident in his gray hair and wrinkled (布满皱纹的) face.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He crept into the house trying not to make sound. make后加a
2．The nurse walked on tiptoe for fear that waking the patient.that→of
3．I broke into tears and threw myself to my mother's arms.to→on
4．The coastal areas have mild winters, but by the contrast the central plains become extremely cold.去掉第一个the
5．I ran to the theater all along and was out of my breath.去掉my
6．She was terrifying at the thought of being alone.terrifying→terrified
7．He refused to adopting the plan on the grounds of its high cost. adopting→adopt
8．At least 9 houses are burned into the ground and many more in danger. into→to
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．We threw some logs on the fire, and it burned_up with a crackle.
2．In_contrast_with his country, our country is rather large.
3．I won't put_up_with any more of your nonsense — now get down to work.
4．I have explained again_and_again,_but even now they do not understand.
5．It is not right that many people throw_away cigarette ends carelessly.
6．I opened the window and took_a_deep_breath of fresh air.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Frankenstein, a young 1.scientist (science), discovered the secret of 2.how to give life to lifeless matter and create creatures 3.that resemble human beings. 4.Unfortunately (fortunate), the creature makes the people around 5.terrified (terrify); moreover, he is intelligent and has human emotions. But he is 6.lonely (lone). When Frankenstein refuses 7.to_create (create) a wife for him, he hates Frankenstein and murders his brother and wife. 8.In order to destroy the creature, Frankenstein chases him 9.to the Arctic, where he dies and the monster 10.disappears (disappear) into the ice and snow to end his own life.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
李平曾是个工作狂，过去常常工作到很晚。因为太累，他常常和衣而睡(throw oneself on)。他的妻子担心(fear for)他的健康要求他早点睡觉，但他拒绝(refuse)了。另外，他的朋友经常告诉他如果他不停止这么卖力工作的话，他会累垮(burn oneself out)的，但他不予理睬。一天他病了，被紧急送往(be rushed to)医院。医生告诉他，他的病源于工作太卖力并且告诉他睡眠要充足。从那之后，李平的确改变了许多，现在他很健康。
Li_Ping_was_a_workaholic_and_he_used_to_work_late._He_often_threw_himself_on_the_bed_in_his_clothes_because_he_was_too_tired._His_wife_feared_for_his_health_and_asked_him_to_go_to_bed_early,_but_he_refused._Besides,_his_friends_often_told_him_that_if_he_didn't_stop_working_so_hard,_he_would_burn_himself_out._But_he_ignored_what_they_said._One_day_he_fell_ill_and_was_rushed_to_the_hospital._The_doctor_told_him_his_illness_resulted_from_his_hard_working_and_told_him_to_have_enough_sleep._After_that,_Li_Ping_did_change_a_lot_and_now_he_is_very_healthy.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
A month ago, I went to an outdoor movie in my neighborhood. I got talking to a tall man in front of me. He was with his 8?year?old daughter. He __1__ me to Miracle, his daughter.
He said, “I'm __2__ both her father and her mother because her mom was __3__ because of cancer.” The beautiful black girl, Miracle was full of __4__， singing and dancing there. She then __5__ told me she went to a girls' school in the South Bronx, where everyone takes ballet classes. But, when I asked her whether she had __6__ been to a ballet (芭蕾舞剧), she said no.
During the movie, I suddenly __7__ that her father couldn't afford her tickets to a ballet, but I could. Why not talk to the man about it __8__ the movie? But the movie was extremely __9__ and before it was over, Miracle and her dad had __10__. I thought I'd just let it go, but I couldn't shake the __11__ that I'd make a difference in the life of a special little girl.
Two weeks ago, I __12__ my best friend, Ann, the headmistress of the girls' school, to see __13__ she knew the man and Miracle. “Yes，” she said. “What do you want, Jane？” I __14__ my interest in taking Miracle to the ballet and asked her if she would __15__ me their telephone number. Two days later, I got the phone number with a __16__ that the father would be willing to let me take Miracle to the ballet.
Now, I've realized the __17__ I have been taking on. I did get in touch with them, find out what time would work, and __18__ it best. I really made the experience a __19__ one for Miracle. What I want is to make sure everyone feels respected no matter where they __20__ — a rich or poor or different cultural class.
语篇解读：富有同情心和责任感的作者讲述了自己帮助了一个贫穷的黑人女孩的经历。她认为无论是穷人还是富人，无论来自哪个阶层，都需要感觉到被尊重。
1．A.got B．led
C．introduced D．forced
解析：选C 根据前后文可知，有一次作者在街区里看露天电影，遇到一对陌生的父女站在她的前面。那位父亲与作者聊天，并将她介绍给他的女儿认识。
2．A.looking after B．caring for
C．taking on D．acting as
解析：选D 由后文可知那位父亲说他妻子患癌症去世了，他既当爸爸又当孩子的妈妈。act as意为“充当”。
3．A.gone B．out
C．away D．past
解析：选A 由语境中“既当爸又当妈”及“患癌症”可知小女孩的妈妈去世了。此处be gone意为“去世”，是对“死”一种含蓄的说法。
4．A.humour B．dream
C．energy D．information
解析：选C 根据前文“The beautiful black girl”和后文的“singing and dancing there”可知，作者说Miracle是朝气蓬勃的。
5．A.carefully B．peacefully
C．confusedly D．excitedly
解析：选D 根据语境可知，Miracle很兴奋地告诉作者，在她的学校，大家都参加芭蕾舞课程。
6．A.even B．ever
C．still D．yet
解析：选B 当作者问Miracle是否看过芭蕾舞演出时，Miracle说没有。ever意为“曾经”。
7．A.reminded B．warned
C．realized D．believed
解析：选C 作者在看电影的过程中，突然意识到Miracle的父亲没钱送Miracle去看芭蕾舞，但“我”有钱能送Miracle去看芭蕾舞，故选 realized，表示“突然意识到”。
8．A.after B．in
C．during D．through
解析：选A 根据前文的“During the movie”可知，作者在看电影期间意识到女孩的父亲无法支付芭蕾舞剧的票，再根据“before it was over”可知，作者是打算在电影结束后跟那位父亲谈谈。
9．A.strange B．funny
C．exciting D．long
解析：选D 作者想在看完电影后跟这位父亲谈谈自己的想法。但这电影很长，电影没看完Miracle和她父亲就走了，故选long。
10．A.returned B．slept
C．left D．rested
解析：选C 电影很长，Miracle和她父亲还没看完电影就走了，leave意为“离开，走了”，符合语境。
11．A.task B．idea
C．suggestion D．order
解析：选B 作者原本想放弃自己帮助Miracle的打算，但她很难不去想帮助Miracle，故选idea。
12．A.wanted B．demanded
C．promised D．called
解析：选D 根据语境并结合选项可知，作者给她的好朋友Ann打电话，因为Ann是女子学校的校长，Miracle是她的学校的学生。
13．A.when B．why
C．whether D．how
解析：选C 作者打电话的目的是看她是否认得Miracle和她父亲。whether意为“是否”。
14．A.controlled B．explained
C．lost D．repeated
解析：选B 为了让Ann了解情况，作者跟Ann解释了自己的想法，她打算带Miracle去看芭蕾舞。
15．A.give B．save
C．bring D．fetch
解析：选A 根据后文要到电话号码可知，作者问Ann是否可以给自己他们的电话号码。
16．A.sign B．message
C．fact D．chance
解析：选B 根据前后文以及选项可知，作者得到了Miracle的父亲的电话号码和一条短信，故选message。
17．A.lesson B．adventure
C．trouble D．responsibility
解析：选D 后文描述作者很用心地安排Miracle去看芭蕾舞剧，她把这看成她的责任。
18．A.understand B．arrange
C．enjoy D．manage
解析：选B 作者把带Miracle看芭蕾舞的活动安排得很好，故选arrange。
19．A.good B．common
C．simple D．boring
解析：选A 根据上下文可知，作者用心为女孩安排，让Miracle拥有一次美好的经历。
20．A.come from B．set up
C．show up D．look at
解析：选A 作者希望每个人都应该受到尊重，不管他们是穷人还是富人，或来自什么文化阶层。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My mom has a great sense of humor. I can make things fun. What impresses me most is she enjoys being alone very much and always find ways to entertain herself. I still remember one of her special habit when I was young. She will write humorous notes on almost every bill she paid. For an example, on one electric bill, she wrote “You light up my life”. Additional, once when paying back some money borrowing from the bank for our house, she wrote “We are four bills closer to owning the house” on the bill. I'm so happy to have a mom as her because she gives us a relaxed life.
答案：第二句：I→She
第三句：is后加that; find→finds
第四句：habit→habits
第五句：will→would
第六句：去掉an
第七句：Additional→Additionally; borrowing→borrowed
第八句：as→like; relaxed→relaxing
PAGE
13
Section Ⅲ Grammar— 虚拟语气（1）
?语法图解
虚拟语气(1)
?探究发现
①If you were head of the government, would you allow cloning?
②If we hadn't made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so wonderful.
③If it were to rain/should rain/rained, the crops would be saved.
④Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.
⑤Were she my daughter, I wouldn't allow her to study abroad.
⑥Should I have time, I would call on her.
⑦If they had started early yesterday morning, they would be here now.
⑧If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.
⑨But for your help, we couldn't have succeeded.
⑩She wasn't feeling well. Otherwise she wouldn't have left the meeting so early.
[我的发现]
(1)①②③句为if引导的非真实条件句的三种基本形式。
(2)④⑤⑥句为省略if的虚拟条件句。
(3)⑦⑧句中，主句与从句动作所发生的时间不一致，称之为错综时间条件句。
(4)⑨⑩句中，假设的条件不用if条件从句表示，而是通过介词短语but_for或副词otherwise等表达出来，这类句子叫“含蓄条件句”。
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be的过去式用were) would/should/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反 过去完成时 would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反 一般过去时(be的过去式用were) should＋动词原形were to＋动词原形 would/should/could/might＋动词原形
If my brother were here, everything would be all right.
要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。(与现在事实相反)
If I had enough money, I would take the beautiful dress for my daughter.
如果我的钱够的话，我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的衣服。(与现在事实相反)
If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.
如果你早点起床， 你就会赶上火车了。(与过去事实相反)
If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.
如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。(与将来事实相反)
[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①If I had enough money now, I would_buy (buy) a car.
②If we had_driven (drive) in turn, you wouldn't have got so tired.
③If it were_to_snow (snow) tomorrow, we would take photos.
二、虚拟条件的三种特殊形式
1．省略if的虚拟语气
虚拟条件句中若含有were, had或should，可以把if省略，把were, had或should提到句首，构成部分倒装。
Were it Sunday tomorrow, we should go to the Great Wall.
要是明天是星期日， 我们就能去长城了。
It might have saved me some trouble had I known the schedule.
要是我知道安排可能会省去一些麻烦。
Should it rain tomorrow, the flight might be put off.
如果明天下雨，航班就有可能被推迟。
[名师点津] 若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，则不能用动词的缩略形式。我们可以说“Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.”但不能说“Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.”。
[即时演练2] 句型转换
①If you had gone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it.
→Had_you_gone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it.
②If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.
→Had_I_known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.
③If it should rain tomorrow, the work would be postponed for some days.
→Should_it_rain tomorrow, the work would be postponed for some days.
2．错综时间条件句
在虚拟语气中，条件从句中谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。
If it had not been for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
如果不是前几天他的邀请，现在我不会在这里。(从句表示过去，主句表示现在)
If I were you, I would have gone to his birthday party yesterday.
如果我是你，我昨天就去参加他的生日宴会了。(从句表示现在，主句表示过去)
[即时演练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①If you had_listened (listen) to me yesterday, you wouldn't be in such trouble now.
②If I were (be) you, I would have planted some trees round the house.
③If you had_stuck (stick) your own dream before, your life would_be (be) different today.
3．含蓄虚拟条件句
有时假设的情况不是以if条件从句表示，而是通过其他形式表现出来，这种从句被称作含蓄虚拟条件句，其主要用法如下。
(1)用but for, without等介词(短语)表示条件。
But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey.
要不是下雨， 我们会有一次愉快的旅行。
(2)用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。
It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere to stay now.
真幸运，我们订了一个房间，要不然，我们现在就会无处可住了。
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，but前面为虚拟语气，后面为真实情况。
I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.
我本该多帮帮你，但我太忙了。
[即时演练4]
(1)选词填空：otherwise, or
①I was ill that day. Otherwise,_I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
②He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.
(2)一句多译
如果世界上没有战争，人们会生活得更幸福。
①If_there_were_no_war in the world, people would live a happier life.
②Were_there_no_war in the world, people would live a happier life.
③Without_war in the world, people would live a happier life.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京高考改编)If the new safety system had_been_put (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
2．(2017·江苏高考改编)Were (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
3．If I were you, I wouldn't_have_missed (miss) the film last night.
4．If you succeeded (succeed), everything would be all right.
5．If she hadn't_been (not, be) ill, she might have come.
6．If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could_ask (ask) him some questions.
7．If you had listened to the doctor, you would_be (be) all right now.
8．If they were (be) here, they would help you.
9．If we had_started (start) earlier, we should not_have_missed (not, miss) the bus this morning.
10．Without water, there would be no life on the earth.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Had you been there at that time, it_would_have_been_much_better.
如果你当时在那里就好多了。
2．If_you_had_spoken_clearly,_you would have made yourself understood.
如果你说得清楚些，别人就会听懂你了。
3．But_for_these_interruptions,_the meeting would have finished half an hour ago.
要不是这几次中断，会议半个小时前就开完了。
4．Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would_be_too_cold for us to live on.
如果没有空气保留一些阳光的热量，夜间地球就会很寒冷，以至于我们不能居住。
5．If you hadn't_stayed_up late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy now.
如果你昨晚不熬夜，现在就不会这么瞌睡了。
6．I lost your address; otherwise_I_would_have_visited_you long before.
我把你的地址弄丢了，不然我很久以前就拜访你了。
7．What would you do if_you_were_in_my_place?
假如你处在我的位置上，你将怎么办呢？
8．If I_were_to_go_to_the_moon_some_day,_I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes.
要是有一天我上了月球，就能亲眼看看月亮表面是什么样子了。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Hi, Janice，
It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. We hang out together during lunch and after school. We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. And I started to see this as a time?wasting activity! In fact, I don't like to go anymore, so I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to him?
Please help with me and give me some advice.
Grave
答案：第一句：want后加to
第二句：tell→told; friend→friends
第四句：sing→singing
第五句：many→much
第七句：so→but
第八句：How→What
第九句：are→were; him→them
第十句：去掉with
PAGE
4
Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
[原文呈现]
Cloning and DNA
Many people think that the science of genetics① and cloning is recent. It's certainly true that② in 1953, Watson and Crick, two scientists at Cambridge University, England, discovered the structure of the acid③ DNA — a transparent④ twisting⑤ ladder made of the fundamental⑥ components⑦ of life⑧. But in fact, it was in 1866 that⑨ Mendel first recorded the results of growing pea plants. He understood that both the parent plants had influenced the genetic make?up⑩ of the new plant.
In 1973, biochemists Cohen and Boyer discovered a procedure? to use enzymes? — chemicals? formed in the body — to unzip? the DNA, to cut out? a sequence of? genes?， and finally to insert? them into the host cell? and combine with? its DNA.
[读文清障]
①genetics/d??'netIks/ n．遗传学
②that引导主语从句，it作形式主语。
③acid/'?sId/ adj.酸(性)的
④transparent/tr?ns'p?r?nt/ adj.透明的
⑤twisting/'twIstI?/ adj.扭曲的，弯曲的
⑥fundamental/?f?nd?'mentl/ adj.基本的，不可或缺的
⑦component/k?m'p??n?nt/ n．成分
⑧made of ...是过去分词短语作后置定语。
⑨it was ... that ...是强调句型，强调时间状语in 1866。
⑩make?up n．构成，构造
?procedure/pr?'si?d??/ n．程序，注意其后接了四个to do。
?enzyme/'enzaIm/ n．酶 ?chemical n．化学物质
?unzip/?n'zIp/ v．解开 ?cut out 切割出来，分离
?a sequence of 一系列的 ?gene/d?i?n/ n．基因
?insert/In's??t/ v．植入，插入 ?the host cell宿主细胞
?combine with 与……结合
be combined with 被与……结合/联合在一起
克隆与DNA
[第1～2段译文]
许多人认为基因学与克隆是最近出现的。确实如此，在1953年，英国剑桥大学的两名科学家沃森和克里克发现了酸性DNA的结构——一种透明的由生命基本元素构成的双螺旋结构。但是事实上，孟德尔在1866年第一个记录了种植豌豆的结果。他了解到植物的父本和母本都会影响子代的基因构成。
1973年，生物化学家科恩和博耶发现了如下步骤：利用人体内形成的化学物质酶解旋DNA，截取一定顺序的基因片断，最后把它们植入宿主细胞，使之与其DNA结合。
Cloning takes the DNA from a single cell to create a whole new individual. A clone is an organism which is genetically identical to another one. But it's now certain that no clone is an exact copy because of differences in experiences and upbringing.
There are at least two teams of scientists which are trying to clone humans. Although controversial， there are many valid reasons to do so. An Italian doctor wants to offer cloning as an optional treatment for couples who find it difficult to have children. But anyone who was a clone of one of their parents would be under unknown psychological pressure throughout their childhood.
individual n．个体
organism/'??ɡ??nIz?m/ n．有机体
genetically adv.遗传地
(be) identical to 和……一样，与……一致
it's now certain that ...是固定句式，表示“……是确定的”。
upbringing/'?p?brI?I?/ n．抚育，养育
which引导定语从句，修饰two teams of scientists。
controversial/?k?ntr?'v???l/ adj.有争议的
valid/'v?lId/ adj.有确实根据的，有效的
optional/'?p?n?l/ adj.可选择的
find it＋adj.＋to do sth.是固定句式，it是形式宾语，adj.是宾补，to do sth.是真正的宾语。
under ...pressure 处于……的压力之下
第3～4段译文]
克隆是从一个单细胞中提取DNA来创造出一个全新的个体。克隆体从遗传角度而言是与另一个生物个体完全相同的有机体。但是现在确定的是由于在经历和养育方面的差异，没有任何一个克隆体是完全的复制物。,至少有两组科学家正在试图克隆人类。尽管存在争议，这样做也有很多正当的理由。一位意大利医生想把克隆作为难以怀孕的夫妇的一种选择性治疗方案。然而来自父母中任何一方的克隆人都会在他们的整个童年生活中处在一种未知的心理压力下。
Another reason is to reproduce the talents of exceptional human beings. But an Einstein clone might choose a path in life which is contradictory to the one the original Einstein chose. He may even possess new vices instead of existing virtues！
A further reason is to obtain a supply of stem cells. Stem cells in embryos are very flexible and can develop into every other type of cell in the body. For example, it could help someone recover from a disease, repair human tissue， or help them walk again after an accident. These stem cells would need to come from an embryo taken from the clone of someone. But the embryo would then be wasted, which many people find unacceptable. What is clear is that some voluntary code of practice among scientists has to be agreed. If not， compulsory government regulations will have to control cloning.
reproduce/?ri?pr?'dju?s/ v．复制，使再现
exceptional/Ik'sep?n?l/ adj.特别的，非凡的，卓越的
contradictory/?k?ntr?'dIkt?ri/ adj.互相矛盾的，相反的
the one后省略了引导定语从句的that，因为此处that作chose的宾语。
vice/vaIs/ n．缺点，弱点
virtue/'v??t?u?/ n．道德上的优点，善行
a supply of 大量的
stem cell干细胞
embryo/'embri???/ n．胚胎
flexible/'fleks?bl/ adj.易适应的
recover v．复原，恢复，康复，常与from搭配。
tissue/'tI?u?/ n．(生理)组织
过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰an embryo。
which引导非限制性定语从句作find的宾语。
code/k??d/ n．法规，规则
what引导主语从句； that引导表语从句。
If not(＝If it is not)是省略句。
compulsory/k?m'p?ls?ri/ adj.强制的，强迫的
regulation/?reɡj?'leI?n/ n．法规，条例
[第5～6段译文]
另一个原因是复制非凡的人的天资。但是克隆出来的爱因斯坦或许会选择一条与“原版”爱因斯坦截然相反的生活道路。他甚至会有新的缺点而不是已有的优点！,更深层的原因是获得大量的干细胞。胚胎里的干细胞很容易适应，可能会发展成为体内任何其他类型的细胞。例如，它可以帮助人们从疾病中恢复，修复人体组织，或帮他们在事故后重新行走。这些干细胞会需要来自某个人的克隆体的胚胎。然后这个胚胎就没用了，这是许多人都无法接受的。很明显，在科学家中一些不成文的职业规范必须获准。否则，强制性的政府条例必须控制克隆。
A fourth reason for cloning is that some scientists and farmers think it would be handy to clone, for example, a prize cow which can resist bacteria or disease, or to sow a cloned crop which can resist rot or pests. But to rely on a few cloned animals or crops would restrict the biodiversity of the breed.
Finally, the latest research into DNA has helped solve crimes by analysing the suspect's saliva which they spit at a crime scene or the dirt under their fingernails.
handy/'h?ndi/ adj.方便的，便利的
bacteria/b?k'tI?ri?/ n．细菌
sow/s??/ v．播种 resist/rI'zIst/ v．抵抗
rot /r?t/ n．(细菌引起的)腐败病，腐蚀病
pest/pest/ n．害虫 rely on依靠，依赖
biodiversity/?baI??daI'v??s?ti/ n．生物多样性
breed/bri?d/ n．(动植物的)品种
research常与into, about, on等介词搭配。
analyse/'?n??laIz/ v．分析
suspect/'s?spekt/ n．嫌疑人
saliva/s?'laIv?/ n．唾液，口水
fingernail/'fI?ɡ??neIl/ n．手指甲
[第7～8段译文]
进行克隆的第四个原因是，有些科学家和农场主认为，克隆非常方便实惠，比如：克隆能够抵御细菌或疾病的优质奶牛，种植能够抵抗枯病或虫害的克隆作物。但是仅仅依赖少数几种克隆动植物会限制生物品种的多样性。,最后，对DNA的最新研究有助于通过分析嫌疑犯遗留在犯罪现场的唾液或指甲缝里的污物来解决犯罪问题。
[原文呈现]
Jurassic Park — Scientific Fact or Hollywood Fiction①？
Steven Spielberg's successful sci?fi② adventure film③follows two dinosaur experts — Dr Alan and Dr Ellie Sattler — as they are invited by the eccentric④ millionaire John Hammond to visit his new amusement park on an island off Costa Rica⑤ before it opens to the public. By cloning DNA taken from⑥ prehistoric⑦ mosquitoes, Hammond has created living dinosaurs for his new Jurassic Park. Accompanied⑧ by Hammond's two grandchildren⑨， they are sent on a tour⑩ through Jurassic Park in computer?controlled? cars. But a tropical storm hits? the island, knocking out? the power supply?， and an employee destroys the security system?so that he can steal dinosaur embryos? and sell them. The dinosaurs start to get out of control? ...
[读文清障]
①Hollywood fiction 好莱坞科幻片
②sci?fi/'saI faI/ adj.科幻的
③sci?fi adventure film科幻历险片/电影
④eccentric/Ik'sentrIk/adj.(人、行为等)古怪的，反常的
⑤Costa Rica哥斯达黎加 ⑥prehistoric adj.史前的
⑦take from从……提取，此处是过去分词形式作后置定语。
⑧accompany/?'k?mp?ni/v.陪伴，陪同
⑨Accompanied by ...是过去分词短语作方式状语。
⑩on a tour观光，旅行
?computer?controlled adj.电脑控制的
?hit(＝strike) vt.袭击，侵袭 ?knock out摧毁
?knocking out the ...是现在分词短语作结果状语。
?the security system安全系统
?so that ...是目的状语从句，so that意为“以便”。
?get out of control摆脱控制
侏罗纪公园——科学事实还是好莱坞科幻片？
[第1段译文]
继两位恐龙专家——艾伦和埃利·萨特勒博士——应古怪的百万富翁约翰·哈蒙德之邀，参观了他位于哥斯达黎加外岛屿上的尚未对公众开放的新的游乐场之后，史蒂文·斯皮尔博格成功地拍摄了科幻历险片。通过克隆从史前的蚊子身上提取的DNA，哈蒙德为他的新侏罗纪公园创造出了活恐龙。在哈蒙德的两个孙子的陪伴下，他们被送到电脑控制的车中进行环绕侏罗纪公园的旅行。但是一场热带风暴袭击了岛屿，摧毁了电力供应，并且一个雇员破坏了安全系统以便偷出恐龙胚胎去卖。恐龙开始摆脱控制……
So, since it is possible to clone sheep?， is it possible to clone dinosaurs? Or is this just Hollywood? First, any DNA that has been taken from a preserved? mosquito? is only 40 million years old. Dinosaurs are at least 60 million years old, so even if any DNA was found， the mosquitoes need to be much older, and as far as we know， mosquitoes that old do not exist.
Second, although it is possible to find preserved mosquitoes, only one male has been recovered. In fact， only females can absorb the DNA of another creature. Also, there is no way of knowing if the DNA was from a dinosaur or not. Since there has been no previous discovery of dinosaurs, there is nothing to compare the new sample with.
?since引导原因状语从句；从句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
?preserve v．保存，保护
?that引导定语从句，修饰先行词any DNA。
at least (＝at the least)至少
even if (＝even though)引导让步状语从句。
as far as we know据我们所知
that adv.那么，那样(用来加强语气，相当于so)
in fact事实上
absorb/?b'z??b/ v．吸收 be absorbed in全神贯注于
there is no way of knowing ...无法知道……； if the DNA was from a dinosaur or not是宾语从句。
previous adj.以前的 sample/'sɑ?mpl/ n．样本
compare ...with ...把……与……相比较
compared with/to与……相比
[第2～3段译文]
这样看来，既然可以克隆羊，那有可能克隆恐龙吗？还是这只是好莱坞科幻片？首先，任何取自被保存的蚊子的DNA只有4千万年之久。恐龙至少是6千万年前的，所以，即使发现任何DNA，蚊子也需要年代更久远些，而据我们所知，年代那么久远的蚊子是不存在的。,其次，即使可能找到被保存的蚊子，但仅仅发现了一只雄性蚊子。事实上，只有雌性蚊子才能吸取另一种生物的DNA。而且，也无法知道这DNA是否来自于恐龙。既然没有以前发现的恐龙，也就无法与新的样本进行比较。
Thirdly, dinosaur DNA would not be intact after the long period of time since their extinction. When life ends, DNA breaks down and does not repair itself.
Many questions also arise in the cloning of dinosaurs. Some of these questions are: What will be needed to raise a baby dinosaur from childhood successfully? What kinds of conditions do dinosaurs need to survive？ What are the diets of dinosaurs? What kinds of care would dinosaurs need in their adult lives? What would be done to protect humans from dinosaurs and vice versa？ What ethical and human rights issues are raised by cloning？
intact/In't?kt/ adj.完好无损的，完整的
extinction n．灭绝
break down分解
arise/?'raIz/ v．(问题、困难等)发生，出现
raise vt.养育
survive v．生存 survivor n．幸存者
protect ...from ...保护……免受……(侵害)
vice versa反过来也一样，反之亦然
ethical adj.道德的
human rights人权
raise issues提出问题
[第4～5段译文]
第三，在灭绝了这么久之后，恐龙的DNA不会完好无损。生命结束后，DNA分解且无法自我修复。
在克隆恐龙上也产生了许多问题。一些问题是：将一个小恐龙成功地养大需要做些什么？恐龙存活需要什么样的条件？恐龙吃些什么？恐龙在成年生活中需要什么样的照顾？该做些什么去保护人类免受恐龙的伤害或保护恐龙免受人类的伤害？克隆会带来什么样的道德和人权问题？
So cloning dinosaurs seems scientifically impossible. The world is not ready for it and the materials that are needed are not yet available. Even if it was possible to bring dinosaurs back to life they probably could not survive in the present day environment. Temperature, air, disease, and plants are all different today than in the era of dinosaurs. Dinosaurs are used to a completely different world and would find great difficulty living here. The only place that dinosaurs seem to exist today is in Hollywood.
scientifically adv. 科学上地，从科学意义上说
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the materials。
available adj.可利用的，可得到的
bring ... back to life使……复活
in the era of在……时代
be used to习惯于，to为介词。
find difficulty (in) doing sth.发现做某事有困难
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the only place。
[第6段译文]
因此，克隆恐龙从科学上说似乎是不可能的。世界对此毫无准备，而且所需的物质原料也无法获得。即使真有可能让恐龙复活，它们也不一定能在目前的环境中存活。现在的温度、空气、疾病和植物也与恐龙时代的全然不同。恐龙习惯了一个完全不同的世界，并且会发现很难在这里活下来。今天，恐龙能生存的唯一地方似乎只有好莱坞。
Step 1 True (T) or False (F)．
1．The science of genetics and cloning is recent.__F__
2．Cloning can make a new individual out of a single cell.__T__
3．A clone has its advantages and disadvantages.__T__
4．Dinosaurs died out before mosquitoes.__T__
Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the passages.
1．Stem cells can be used to________.
A．develop into enzymes
B．solve crimes
C．create prize winning animals
D．help people recover from diseases
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Dinosaurs died out after mosquitoes began to exist.
B．Jurassic Park is only fiction.
C．There are still proper conditions for dinosaurs to exist today.
D．Cloning dinosaurs is possible.
3．In Brave New World，which of the following types of clones are leaders of society?
A．Betas. B．Epsilons.
C．Alphas. D．Alphas and Betas.
4．It seems that people in Brave New World________.
A．love their nation very much
B．hate their nation very much
C．don't have any feelings
D．are satisfied with their own positions
5．How does the government control the society?
A．By teaching them what to like or dislike and giving them drugs to make them happy.
B．By dividing the whole society into five classes.
C．By giving equal rights to the five types of people.
D．By strong and cruel methods.
答案：1～5 DBCDA
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.identical adj. 完全相同的，同一的 2.cure v. 治愈 3.fundamental adj. 基本的，不可或缺的，重要的 4.controversial adj. 有争议的 5.virtue n. 道德上的优点，善行 6.handy adj. 方便的，便利的 7.suspect n. 嫌疑人 8.absorb v. 吸收 9.arise v. (问题、困难等)发生，出现 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.gene n．基因→genetic adj.基因的，遗传基因的；遗传学的→genetics n．遗传学 2.beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n．利益；救济金v.有益于，对……有益 3.imaginary adj.假想的，虚构的→imaginative adj.富于想象力的→imagination n．想象力；幻觉→imagine v．想象，设想 4.incredible adj.难以置信的→credible adj.可信的→credit n．信誉，信用 5.flexible adj.易适应的，灵活的→flexibility n．适应性，灵活性 6.optional adj.可选择的→option n．选择→opt v．选择，挑选 7.regulation n．法规，条例→regular adj.有规律的；固定的→regulate v．调整，控制；校对 8.resist v．抗拒，抵抗；忍住→resistance n．抗拒，反对，阻力→resistant adj.对……有抵抗力，抵制的 9.analyse v．分析→analysis n．分析 10.accompany v．陪同；陪伴→company n．陪同，陪伴→companion n．伙伴，同伴11.violence n．暴力→violent adj.粗暴的；猛烈的 1.cure v． 治愈[联想] ①treat vt. 治疗 ②heal vt. 治愈 2.upbringing n. 抚育，养育 [词块] ①family/home upbringing 家庭教育 ②moral upbringing 道德教育 3.fundamental adj. 基本的，不可或缺的，重要的 [同义] ①basic adj. 基本的；基础的；初级的 ②essential adj. 本质的；必要的；重要的 4.virtue n. 道德上的优点，善行 [联想] ①quality n. 品质 ②character n. 品质 5.handy adj. 方便的，便利的 [同义] convenient adj. 方便的，便利的 6.suspect n. 嫌疑人v. 怀疑 [联想] doubt v. 怀疑，不确定 [比较] 两者都可以接that从句作宾语，但含义不同：前者的意思是“疑为非”； 后者的意思是“疑为是”。 7.arise v. (arose, arisen) (问题、困难等)发生，出现 [联想] ①raise vt. 升起，举起 ②rise vi. 上升，升起 8.incredible adj. 难以置信的 [联想] in?前缀形容词集合 ①informal 非正式的 ②incorrect 不正确的 ③indirect 间接的 ④incomplete 不完整的 ⑤independent 独立的 ⑥invisible 看不见的 9.beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的 [串记] Cycling is highly beneficial to our health. That is to say, we can get much benefit from cycling.
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.by mistake 错误地 2.treat ...as ... 把……当成……对待 3.a sequence of 一系列的 4.(be) identical to 和……一样，与……一致 5.rely on 依靠，依赖 6.as follows 如下 7.knock out 摧毁 8.get out of control 摆脱控制 9.as far as we know 据我们所知 10.break down 分解 11.vice versa 反过来也一样，反之亦然 12.bring ...back to life 使……复活 1.valid reasons 合理的理由2.under unknown psychological pressure 处于莫名的心理压力下 3.throughout their childhood 他们的整个童年 4.recover from a disease 从疾病中恢复 5.after an accident 事故之后 6.open to the public 向公众开放 7.repair itself 自我修复 8.in their adult lives 在他们的成年生活中 9.in the present day environment 在现在的环境中 10.600 years in the future 将来600年 11.in society 在社会中
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.If not, compulsory government regulations will have to control cloning. 否则，强制性的政府条例必须控制克隆行为。 if not“如果不，否则；要不”，该结构是if条件状语从句的省略结构。 Are you ready？If_not,_I'm going without you. 你准备好了吗？否则，我就自己去了。
2.The reason why Brave New World is still so famous is that it describes a terrifying future world that is becoming more and more possible. 《勇敢新世界》仍然如此出名是因为它描述了一个越来越可能出现的恐怖的未来世界。 The reason why ...is that ...“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。 The_reason_why he didn't get the job was that his English was not very good. 他没有得到这份工作的原因是他英语不好。
3.Again, the government wants people to be happy so that they will not try to change society. 再者，政府希望人们快乐，这样他们就不会试图改变社会。 so that“以便，为了”， 引导目的状语从句。 Please read aloud so_that I can hear you. 请大声朗读，好让我能听到。
1．(教材P61)In what way are Sheep A and Sheep B identical?
A羊和B 羊在哪些方面完全相同？
?identical adj.完全相同的，同一的
be identical in 在……方面极其相似
be identical to/with 与……完全一样/极其相似
identify v. 识别，认同，一致
identity n. 同一性；一致；身份
①The pearls are absolutely identical in size and colour.
珍珠的大小和颜色都一模一样。
②It's really interesting that your coat is identical to/with mine.
你的外套和我的完全一样，真是太有趣了！
③He was too far away to be able to identify faces.
他离得太远，没法识别面孔。
2．(教材P61)Cloning will be beneficial to humans.
克隆将有益于人类。
?beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
(1)be beneficial to 对……有益的
(2)benefit vt.& n. 有利于，使受益；利益
benefit from 从……中受益
be of benefit to sb. 对某人有益
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
①This New English?Chinese dictionary will be very beneficial to your English learning.
这本新英汉词典对你的英语学习非常有好处。
②I have benefited a lot from extensive reading.
广泛的阅读使我受益匪浅。
③It is said that Yoga is of great benefit to human health.
据说瑜伽对人体健康有极大好处。
3．(教材P61)We could use cloning to cure illnesses.
我们可以用克隆治愈疾病。
?cure
(1)v.治愈，治好
cure sb. of 治愈某人的……
①She says she can cure me, but I still doubt her.
她说她能治我的病，但我有点不相信她。
②The student is so nervous that nothing seems to cure him of his nervousness.
这个学生如此紧张以至于好像没有什么能治愈他的紧张。
(2)n.治疗，治愈；治疗法；补救办法
a cure for ... ……疾病的治疗方法；……问题的解决办法
③Prevention is better than cure.
[谚语]预防胜于治疗。
④Scientists have so far failed to find a cure for the heart disease.
迄今为止，科学家尚未找到一种治愈心脏病的方法。
[辨析比较] cure, treat
cure “治疗，治愈”，强调治好疾病的结果，使病人恢复健康，有时可指突然的、戏剧性的痊愈。cure还可以指“矫正，纠正”，借喻指消除社会某种不良现象或个人恶习等
treat “医治，治疗”，强调治疗的动作或治疗的过程，不涉及治疗的结果。treat还可作“对待，看待”讲
选用上述单词填空
⑤The doctor treated her headache with a new medicine, but didn't cure her.
4．(教材P65)．.. for example, a prize cow which can resist bacteria or disease ...
……比如：克隆能抵御细菌或疾病的优质奶牛……
?resist v．抵抗，抗拒
(1)resist doing sth. 反对做某事
can't resist doing sth. 禁不住做某事
(2)resistant adj. 对……有抵抗力的，抵制的，反抗的
be resistant to 对……有抵抗力
(3)resistance (to) n. 反抗，抵抗
①I have a sweet tooth and can't resist eating chocolate and ice cream.
我喜欢吃甜食，见到巧克力和冰淇淋就想吃。
②A healthy diet creates a body resistant to disease.
健康饮食有助于增强身体内对疾病的抵抗力。
③You should exercise more to build up a resistance (resistant) to infection.
你应该多加锻炼以增强对疾病传染的抵抗力。
[名师点津] resist作“忍受，忍得住”讲时，常用于否定句，后接动词需用v.?ing形式。
5．(教材P65)But to rely on a few cloned animals or crops would restrict the biodiversity of the breed.
但是仅仅依靠少数几种克隆动植物会限制生物品种的多样性。
?rely on (＝depend on) 依靠，依赖，指望
rely on sb./sth. for sth. 指望从某人/某物那里得到某物
rely on sb./sth.to do/doing sth. 相信/指望某人/某物做某事
rely on it that ... 相信/指望……
①Now that you are grown?up, you should not rely on your parents.
既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。
②You can rely on me to_keep/keeping (keep) your secret.
你可以相信我会为你保守秘密的。
③You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
你可以放心，这项工作将提前完成。
[名师点津] rely on it that中，it为形式宾语，不作翻译，that从句才是真正宾语。
6．(教材P65)Finally, the latest research into DNA has helped solve crimes by analysing the suspect's saliva which they spit at a crime scene or the dirt under their fingernails.
最后，对DNA的最新研究有助于通过分析嫌疑犯遗留在犯罪现场的唾液或指甲缝里的污物来解决犯罪问题。
?suspect n．嫌疑人vt.怀疑；猜想
suspect sb.
suspect that ... 怀疑……
①The police have taken the suspect to the police station.
警察把这个嫌疑人带到了警察局。
②I suspected him of stealing the jewelry from the store.
我怀疑他从这个商店偷了珠宝。
③I suspected him to_be (be) a liar.
我怀疑他是一个说谎者。
④I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine.
我怀疑发动机出了什么故障。
[联想发散] suspect常与介词of搭配使用形成suspect sb.of sth.结构，类似结构的短语还有：
①accuse sb.of sth. 指控某人某事
②rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
③inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
④warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事
⑤remind sb.of sth. 使某人想起某事
7．(教材P67)Accompanied by Hammond's two grandchildren, they are sent on a tour through Jurassic Park in computer?controlled cars.
在哈蒙德的两个孙子的陪伴下，他们被送到电脑控制的车中进行环绕侏罗纪公园的旅行。
?accompany v．陪伴，陪同；伴随
(1)accompany sb.to ... 陪同某人去(某地)
be accompanied by ... 伴随着(附有/带着)；
由……陪同
(2)company n. 陪伴；交往；公司；商号
keep sb. company 陪伴某人
①Jane is willing to accompany you to the park for a walk.
简愿意陪你去公园散步。
②Accompanied (accompany) by cheerful music, we began to dance.
伴随着欢乐的乐曲，我们开始跳起舞来。
③When you are single, you have many friends to keep_you_company.
当你单身时，你有许多朋友陪伴你。
8．(教材P67)The dinosaurs start to get out of control ...
恐龙开始摆脱控制……
?get out of control 摆脱控制
out of control 失去控制
in control of 控制着
under/in the control of 受……的管理/控制
under control 被控制住
beyond control 无法控制
lose control of 失去对……的控制
take/gain control of 得到/取得对……的控制
... under control 使……得到控制
①The fire got out of control at the beginning, but at last it was under control.
一开始火势失控了，但是火势最终还是得到了控制。
②Our company is in_control_of six factories throughout China.
在中国，我们公司控制着六家工厂。
③Once we lose control of ourselves, it will result in trouble.
我们一旦对自己失控，那将会导致麻烦。
[名师点津] in control of 表示主语控制 of 的宾语，in the control of 表示主语被 of 的宾语控制，类似的短语还有in charge of“掌管，控制”， in the charge of“由(被)……掌管，控制”；in possession of“拥有”，in the possession of“被……拥有”等。
9．(教材P67)In fact, only females can absorb the DNA of another creature.
事实上，只有雌性蚊子才能够吸取另外一种动物的DNA。
?absorb v．吸收；吸引；理解；掌握；使专心
(1)absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
(2)absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的；引人入胜的
(3)absorbed adj. 精神集中的
be absorbed in 专心致志于，全神贯注于
①If you absorb what the teacher explains in class, you will be absorbed in his lecture.
如果你理解老师在课堂上解释的内容，你就会全神贯注听他讲课。
②He is able to absorb_the_audience's_attention even before he speaks.
他甚至能在开口之前就吸引住观众的注意。
③Absorbed (absorb) in his work, Tom simply forgot food and sleep.
汤姆专心于工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。
[联想发散] 过去分词短语absorbed in在句中常用作状语、后置定语和宾语补足语，有类似用法的短语还有：
①(be) lost in ... 陷入……
②(be) caught in ... 被困在……
③(be) buried in ... 埋头于……
④(be) devoted to ... 专心于……，致力于……
⑤(be) occupied in ... 忙于……
⑥(be) involved in ... 专注于……
10．(教材P67)When life ends, DNA breaks down and does not repair itself.
生命结束后，DNA分解且无法自我修复。
?break down分解；(机器等)出故障；(精神)崩溃；(身体)垮掉；失败
[一词多义] 写出下列句中break down的含义
①The car broke down again as soon as we drove out of the garage.(机器等)出故障
②Many people broke down at the news that the famous scientist broke down because of hard work.
(精神)崩溃；(身体)垮掉
③Carbon dioxide forms as a waste product when food is broken down.分解
④She started crying and tried to break_away.
她大叫起来，想要挣脱。
⑤Scientists say they are beginning to break_through in the fight against cancer.
科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。
⑥Luckily, the house was empty when the fire broke_out.
幸运的是，火灾发生时屋子里没有人。
11．(教材P67)Many questions also arise in the cloning of dinosaurs.
在克隆恐龙上也产生了许多问题。
?arise v．(问题、困难等)发生，出现
arise from/out of (＝result from)由……而产生，由……而引起
①The problem may not arise, but there's no harm in keeping our powder dry.
问题不一定会出现，但有备无患并无害处。
②Emotional or mental problems can arise_from/out_of a physical cause.
身体上的原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。
③In modern society, there are an increasing number of problems arising (arise) out of the lack of communication.
在现代社会，出现了越来越多由于缺乏交流而产生的问题。
[名师点津] arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词argument/problem/quarrel/question/movement等，多指不好的事情发生。
[辨析比较] arise, rise, raise, arouse
易混词 词性 词义
arise (arose, arisen) vi. 发生，出现；起立，起身
rise (rose, risen) vi. 上升，增加，起床，起身
raise (raised, raised) vt. 增加，提高，举起，种植，抚养
arouse (aroused, aroused) vt. 唤醒，激起
选用上述单词填空
When the wind ④arose,_people were watching the soldiers ⑤raising the national flag that was ⑥rising slowly in the wind, which ⑦aroused their love for our motherland.
1．If not, compulsory government regulations will have to control cloning.
否则，强制性的政府条例必须控制克隆行为。
(1)if not“如果不，否则；要不”，该结构是if条件状语从句的省略结构，if后省略了it和be动词。
①If you learn life's lessons, you will do well. If not, life will just continue to push you around.
如果你吸取生活中的教训，你会做得好些。否则，生活将继续任意摆布你。
if so 如果这样的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if necessary 如果必要的话
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
②I don't have any ink.If_any,_I will lend you some.
我没有墨水了，如果有，我就借给你一些了。
③If (it is) possible, I'll come to help.
如果可能的话，我会来帮忙的。
(2)在if, as if, unless, although, as, when, while, whenever, as soon as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语含有be动词，且主语又与主句主语一致或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
④When_(I_was)_living in London, I picked up English.
住在伦敦期间，我学会了英语。
⑤He paused as if (he was) expecting Mary to speak.
他停了停，好像希望玛丽说话似的。
⑥Although_(it_is)_old,_the car still runs well.
虽然汽车很旧，但跑起来仍然不错。
[巧学助记]
省略句，真容易，符合两条就可以：
从句谓语含有be，两句主语一样的，
从句若有it be，照样省去不迟疑。
2．The reason why Brave New World is still so famous is that it describes a terrifying future world that is becoming more and more possible.
《勇敢新世界》仍然如此出名是因为它描述了一个越来越可能出现的恐怖的未来世界。
(1)该句含有“The reason why ...is that ...”句型，其中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。
①The reason why he was absent from the meeting was that he got stuck in the traffic.
他缺席会议的原因是他遇到交通阻塞了。
(2)the reason作先行词时，其后的定语从句如果结构完整，用why或for which引导；如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。
②The reason why/for which he was driving so fast was that he would be late for an important meeting.
他开车那么快的原因是他去参加一个重要会议要迟到了。
③The reason which he explained sounded true.
他解释的理由听上去是真实的。
(3)the reason作主语时，表语从句只能用that引导，且that不能省略。
④The reason why/for which I was late was that I missed the bus.
我迟到是因为我没赶上公共汽车。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If you really become absorbed (absorb) in a hobby, your interest may last a life time.
2．Farmers benefit from the popularization of scientific knowledge.
3．To be honest, if you don't stop smoking you cannot be cured of the disease.
4．These books were so good that he found it hard to resist buying (buy) them.
5．You can rely on Peter to_do (do) whatever he promises.
6．He was suspected of holding back important information to the case.
7．The minister was accompanied by his secretary to hospital.
8．The reason why he was late was that he got held up in the traffic on the way.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．You look identical_to_your_dad (同你爸爸一样) when he was your age.
2．If you've finished, we can have a coffee. If_not (如果不), you'd better keep working.
3．If_the_car_should_break_down_on_the_way (如果车中途出故障), you would have to walk back.
4．His life's work centred in the_search_for_a_cure_for_the_terrible_disease (寻找治愈这种可怕疾病的方法)．
5．Accompanied_by_his_teacher (在他老师的陪同下), he took part in the English contest.
6．Can we begin by discussing matters arising_from/out_of_the_last_meeting (上次会议产生的)?
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is well known that sports are beneficial (有益的) to building our bodies.
2．That's the most incredible (难以置信的) coincidence I've ever heard of!
3．We tried to stay away from controversial (有争议的) topics at the dinner party.
4．Honesty is considered as one of the good virtues (德行)．
5．Unexpected difficulties arose (产生) in the course of their experiment.
6．He quarreled with my suggestion that television caused violence (暴力).
7．Adults are not flexible (易适应的); they do not transplant comfortably to another place.
8．These regulations (法规，条例) are intended to prevent accidents.
9．The rain pours down, accompanied (伴随) by thunder and lightning.
10．Years of research work have failed to produce a cure (治愈) for the disease.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The tutor took the boy in hand and soon cured him his idleness. him后加of
2．The new regulations will be of great benefit for us all.for→to
3．Absorbing in his writing, he neglected food and sleep. Absorbing→Absorbed
4．When with them, he could never resist make a joke. make→making
5．I apologize to you for taking your book by the mistake. 去掉the
6．You may rely on that the work will be finished ahead of time. on后加it
Ⅲ.选词填空
treat ... as ...， ?be? identical to， as follows， knock out， get out of control， as far as I know， break down， bring ... back to life， by mistake， rely on
1．As_far_as_I_know,_he'll be away for three months.
2．After many years, rocks can break_down into dirt.
3．The trees and flowers brought the city back_to_life.
4．I took another passenger's luggage by_mistake on the bus yesterday.
5．At present, we are relying_on the computer too much.
6．The main items researched in this paper are listed as_follows.
7．Our team was knocked_out in the second run.
8．You drink in moderation. You never let your drinking behavior get_out_of_control.
9．It's really interesting that your cat is_identical_to mine.
10．He preferred to be treated_as an ordinary worker.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I found my father sitting in his chair, completely absorbed (absorb) in a magazine.
2．The reason why I am here to see you is that I need your help.
3．The police suspected him of taking part in the jewel robbery.
4．I couldn't resist telling (tell) him the secret.
5．The doctor cured many people of such disease.
6．Let's go out for a walk, for fresh air is beneficial (benefit) to our health.
7．She's working hard for fear that he would be fired.
8．In contrast with traditional media, Internet advertising has a lot of advantages.
9．His refusal (refuse) to join us was quite unexpected.
10．The child was terrified (terrify) of being left alone in the house.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He never ceased to chase_after_his_dream (追求他的梦想) in his youth.
2．The hotel was_completely_burnt_out (完全被烧尽了); only the walls remained.
3．In my opinion, good books should be_read_again_and_again (被一遍一遍地读)．
4．I'm sorry, this letter is addressed to you — I_opened_it_by_mistake (我误把它打开了)．
5．As_far_as_we_know (正如我们所知), the world consists of seven continents.
6．Having finished the 100?meter race, I_was_out_of_breath (我上气不接下气).
7．They have to rely_on_the_river_for_their_water (依赖这条河获取水) and have no optional choices.
8．As neither side would give in, the_talk_broke_down (谈判失败了)．
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Four cloned sheep that are genetically the same as Dolly, the first cloned mammal, are still healthy even in old age, a new study found. The four sheep could be considered Dolly's clone “sisters”. “They have just reached their 9th birthday, which is age 70 in human years，” researchers who have been studying the sheep said.
A detailed study of these four sheep and nine other cloned sheep that are not related to “the Dollies” found that the animals were healthy. All of the sheep were free from many diseases commonly found in older sheep, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, the study showed.
Dolly was born in 1996 as the result of a lab technique called somatic?cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), in which the nucleus (细胞核) from an adult cell is put into an egg cell that doesn't have a nucleus. This meant that Dolly was a clone, genetically the same as the adult sheep from which the nucleus came. Such a development means a lot to the cloning field.
Dolly lived to be 6.5 years old and died in 2003 from a type of lung cancer that is caused by a virus and affects sheep. Before her death, Dolly developed arthritis (关节炎) at a relatively young age and had trouble walking. This caused concerns that clones might be at increased risk for age?related diseases, the researchers said.
In the new study, 13 cloned sheep underwent a series of health tests. The test results were normal for the sheep's age. Some of the sheep had signs of mild arthritis, but this would be expected in older sheep and was not detrimental,_so none of the sheep needed treatment for the condition, the researchers said.
The cloning process itself comes with a high risk of death in the fetus (胎儿). But for the clones that survive, the new data suggests that “they are healthy and seem to age normally”．
语篇解读：本文讲述了克隆羊多莉及其“姐妹”的情况。研究发现，那几只跟克隆羊多莉的基因一样的克隆羊没有出现大的健康问题。
1．What do the findings of the new study mainly suggest?
A．Sheep can be genetically the same.
B．Cloned animals can't live longer than normal ones.
C．Scientists can help prevent diseases in cloned animals.
D．Cloned animals aren't at higher risk for age?related health problems.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段的“the first cloned mammal, are still healthy even in old age, a new study found”可知，这个研究表明年龄大的克隆动物患病的几率并不会更高。
2．What do we learn about the sheep Dolly from the text?
A．Her birth led to the creation of SCNT.
B．Her birth was a great scientific achievement.
C．Her genes were unique when she was created.
D．Her genes were created using a normal technique.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Dolly, the first cloned mammal”以及第三段的“Dolly was born in 1996 as the result of a lab technique called somatic?cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)”可知，多莉的诞生是一个科学上的成就。
3．When Dolly died, scientists most probably ________.
A．became worried about the health of cloned animals
B．thought her death was caused by old age
C．found a way to reduce the risk for age?related diseases
D．lost interest in cloning animals
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段的“This caused concerns that clones might be at increased risk for age?related diseases.”可知，多莉去世后，科学家担忧克隆动物的健康问题。
4．What does the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．New. B．Personal.
C．Harmful. D．Regular.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“none of the sheep needed treatment”以及那些羊没有大的健康问题的语境，可知这里是指没有“危害性的”状况。
Ⅱ.语法填空
“Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue, and a silver sixpence in her shoe.” This time?honored tradition was once and is still thought __1__ (give) the bride good luck on her wedding day. It comes from an Old English rhyme (押韵诗) which __2__ (read) by many people during the Victorian era (维多利亚时期). According to the poem, the bride must collect the five objects __3__ (her) or from friends and family. These are pieces of good luck and often family treasures __4__ (hand) down to next generations. Something old __5__ (stand) for continuity; something new offers optimism for the future; something borrowed is a symbol of borrowed __6__ (happy); something blue symbolizes purity, love and loyalty; and a sixpence in her shoe is a wish __7__ good fortune and prosperity, although this remains __8__ (large) a British custom. In order to get the good fortune, the bride needs to wear them on __9__ day of her wedding. It's a nice way to hand down family treasures. Some people may say it is superstition (迷信), not a good tradition, __10__ if this tradition is used this way, it's not a bad tradition.
答案：1.to give 2.was read 3.herself 4.handed 5.stands
6．happiness 7.for 8.largely 9.the 10.but
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Section Ⅴ Writing — 如何写正反观点类议论文
一、基本结构
1．开头。提出一种论点或一个具体的问题。
2．主体。论点提出后，我们就要根据汉语提示部分提供的事实，对正反双方的论据进行分析、论证，使论点得到足够的支持。因此，正反双方时常用Some ...However(While, But) some ...；引入论据时常用表示递进关系的过渡词besides, also, even, what's more, too, in addition等，也用表示列举的firstly, secondly, thirdly, on the one hand, on the other hand等。
3．结尾。对正反双方的观点及理由进行陈述后，在结尾部分我们就要得出结论并发表自己的观点。这部分常用的词语有：It is my opinion that ..., in my opinion, in a word, as has been said, finally, therefore等。
二、增分佳句
1．Different people hold different opinions.
2．Opinions are divided.
3．People have taken different attitudes toward ...
4．People have different opinions on this problem.
5．People hold different views about ... Some people are for the opinion that ... , while others point out that ...
6．Some of them hold the opinion that ...
7．However, each coin has two sides.
8．As far as I'm concerned, I believed that ...
[题目要求]
克隆人这一话题在世界上引起了激烈的争论。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇题为“On Human Cloning”的短文。短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
赞同 ·是一个科学的突破 ·能制造出拯救生命的人体组织和器官 ·对无生育能力的人是一个喜讯
反对 ·克隆人是违背伦理的 ·无权用人类做实验 ·不应该干预自然 ·担心造成超人种
你的观点 ·应将重点放在对人类有益的动物和干细胞的研究上
注意：词数100左右。
参考词汇：干扰 interfere with
On Human Cloning
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. However, human cloning has caused much debate.
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为正反观点类议论文；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称为第一和第三人称；
3．确定时态：以一般现在时为主。
二、构思
第一部分：点出讨论的话题。
第二部分：阐述正、反双方的观点。
第三部分：陈述我的观点。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．a_scientific_breakthrough 科学突破
2．produce 制造
3．tissues_and_organs 组织和器官
4．experiment_with 以……做实验
5．replace 取代
6．focus_one's_efforts_on 将某人的努力集中于
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．它能制造出有价值的人体组织和器官。
It_can_produce_valuable_tissues_and_organs.
2．这些人体组织和器官能用来拯救生命。(be used to do)
The_tissues_and_organs_can_be_used_to_save_human_lives.
3．我们无权用人类做实验。(have no rights to do ...)
We_have_no_rights_to_experiment_with_humans.
4．如果我们干预自然会出现很多问题。(arise; if条件句)
If_we_interfere_with_nature,_many_problems_may_arise.
5．我们担心造成超人种。(be worried that ...; superhuman race)
We_are_worried_that_we_may_produce_a_superhuman_race.
6．这种超人种可能会取代我们。
The_superhuman_race_could_replace_us.
7．我认为克隆确实是一个科学突破。
In_my_opinion,_cloning_is_really_a_wonderful_scientific_breakthrough.
8．我们应该将注意力放在能应用于医学研究的动物克隆和干细胞上。(that定语从句)
We_should_focus_our_efforts_on_cloning_animals_and_stem_cells_that_can_be_used_in_medical_research.
9．这样我们才能使之造福于人类。(make＋宾语＋宾补)
We_can_make_it_beneficial_to_mankind_in_this_way.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用that引导的定语从句连接句1和句2
It_can_produce_valuable_tissues_and_organs_that_can_be_used_to_save_human_lives.
2．用that引导的定语从句连接句5和句6
We_are_worried_that_we_may_produce_a_superhuman_race_that_could_replace_us.
3．用不定式作定语改写句8
We_should_focus_our_efforts_on_cloning_animals_and_stem_cells_to_be_used_in_medical_research.
4．用only开头的倒装句改写句9
Only_in_this_way_can_we_make_it_beneficial_to_mankind.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
On Human Cloning
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. However, human cloning has caused much debate.
Some_believe_it_is_a_wonderful_scientific_breakthrough._It_can_produce_valuable_tissues_and_organs_that_can_be_used_to_save_human_lives._It_is_good_news_for_those_who_can't_have_babies._However,_others_think_cloning_humans_is_totally_immoral_and_against_nature._We_have_no_rights_to_experiment_with_humans._If_we_interfere_with_nature,_many_problems_may_arise._We_are_worried_that_we_may_produce_a_superhuman_race_that_could_replace_us.
In_my_opinion,_cloning_is_really_a_wonderful_scientific_breakthrough._We_should_focus_our_efforts_on_cloning_animals_and_stem_cells_to_be_used_in_medical_research.Only_in_this_way_can_we_make_it_beneficial_to_mankind.
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Module 5单元加餐练（一）~（二）完形阅读组合练
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
My Story
The long journey to clone my two beloved dogs began about fifteen years ago.
It was the year 2000 and my life was __1__. At 30 years old, I was poor. I spent all my money and I __2__ from my wife. It was at that very moment my two wonderful dogs Wolfie and Bubble cared for my __3__ heart. Until this day, I have no idea how I would have gone through those horrible times __4__ them.
I realized what my __5__ in life was. My happiness was __6__ related to my two dogs whom I considered my children.
I __7__ a simple 15?year plan. I would start a company, whose only __8__ was to make enough money __9__ I could pay to have them cloned when the time came.
I would start my own __10__ and save money. Work hard, save, and live __11__. Today I feel I have walked a million miles. I am very tired, __12__ have finally reached my goal.
In July of 2011, I found a dog cloning company Sooam Biotech Research Foundation in South Korea __13__ by the top cloning scientist and father of dog cloning — Dr. Hwang, who was the first scientist to successfully __14__ a dog. In fact, he was the one who cloned Snuppy — the world's first cloned __15__ that I had met in May 2009.
Dr. Hwang and his staff __16__ me with open arms. He told me that the Wolfie clones should not grow up __17__. He was going to clone Bubble __18__ and I was also relieved that the money would be enough.
Two healthy Wolfie clones were born on December 23rd, 2014, just three months from the time they __19__ Wolfie's cells. I have been so used to waiting that even until now I'll take out my phone and stare at the images of the clones just to make sure I don't __20__ at all. I'll have another chance to love them all over again.
语篇解读：当作者处于人生低谷时，两只小狗成了作者最好的陪伴。为了克隆出同样的小狗，作者创办了公司，省吃俭用，最终实现了自己的愿望。
1．A.exceptional B．terrible
C．terrifying D．boring
解析：选B 根据第二段中的“I was poor” “I spent all my money”和“those horrible times”可知“我”的生活很糟糕。
2．A.stopped B．separated
C．sheltered D．escaped
解析：选B “我”花光了所有的钱并且和妻子分居了。separate“分居”，符合语境。
3．A.determined B．stubborn
C．soft D．broken
解析：选D 根据上文作者对糟糕的生活和妻子的离开的描述可知，此处表示安慰“我”破碎的心。
4. A．without B．rather than
C．because of D．despite
解析：选A 直到现在“我”都不知道如果没有它们，“我”该如何度过那些可怕的日子。without“无……相伴，没有”，符合语境。
5．A.ability B．strength
C．advantage D．preference
解析：选D 由下文“我”开公司、存钱去克隆狗可推知，这里指“我”意识到了“我”的生活偏爱是什么。preference“偏爱”，此处是指对狗的偏爱。
6．A.blindly B．carefully
C．closely D．narrowly
解析：选C “我”的幸福与“我”的两只狗密切相关。be closely related to ...“和……密切相关”。closely“密切地”。
7．A.put up with B．kept up with
C．caught up with D．came up with
解析：选D “我”想出了一个简单的十五年计划。put up with“忍受”； keep up with “(与……)并驾齐驱”；catch up with “赶上”；come up with“想出，制订出，提出”。
8．A.procedure B．job
C．purpose D．enjoyment
解析：选C 由语境及下一段中的“reached my goal”可知，此处说的是公司的目的是赚钱去克隆“我”的狗。
9．A.so that B．now that
C．in that D．such that
解析：选A 由语境可知空格后为“我”创办公司的目的，空格处引导目的状语从句，故应选so that，意为“以便，为了”。
10．A.shop B．center
C．company D．factory
解析：选C start my own company表示创办自己的公司。上一段中提到的“start a company”是信息提示。
11．A.calmly B．simply
C．peacefully D．normally
解析：选B 为了攒钱，“我”努力工作，存钱并且生活节俭。live simply“简朴地生活”。simply“简朴地”。
12．A.and B．so
C．but D．or
解析：选C “我”非常疲倦，但是终于达到了“我”的目标。前后分句之间是转折关系，故选but。
13．A.run B．followed
C．accompanied D．supported
解析：选A “我”发现了由顶尖克隆科学家同时也是狗克隆之父经营的克隆公司。run“经营，管理”；follow“跟随”；accompany“陪伴”；support“支持”。
14．A.raise B．clone
C．adopt D．feed
解析：选B 根据上文中的“father of dog cloning”可知，黄博士是第一个成功克隆出狗的科学家。
15．A.sheep B．animal
C．human D．dog
解析：选D 此句中he指的是Dr. Hwang (黄禹锡)，他是顶尖克隆科学家同时也是克隆狗之父，因此他克隆的Snuppy就是世界上第一只被克隆出来的狗。
16．A.introduced B．refused
C．welcomed D．concerned
解析：选C 根据下文中的“with open arms”(张开双臂)可知，黄博士及其员工欢迎“我”。welcome“(打招呼)欢迎(某人的到来)”。
17．A.alone B．quietly
C．ahead D．healthily
解析：选A 根据下文黄博士还要克隆Bubble可知，alone“单独，独自”，符合语境。
18．A.for safety B．for long
C．for free D．for sure
解析：选C 根据空格后的“and I was ... be enough”可知答案。for free “免费地”，符合语境。
19．A.produced B．received
C．bought D．accepted
解析：选B 在他们得到(received) Wolfie的细胞三个月之后，两只克隆小狗诞生了。
20．A.resist B．like
C．think D．dream
解析：选D “我”拿出手机看着克隆出的小狗的照片为的是确保自己不是在做梦(dream)。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
What is Cloning?
Which is the most famous sheep in the world? A sheep called Dolly. But why is Dolly famous? That is because unlike other sheep, Dolly was not born in the usual manner. This means that she is the twin sister of her mother and she does not have a father!
Scientists at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, the UK, made history on July 5th 1996, when they successfully cloned a sheep.
Our bodies are made up of cells which have information to go about their work in the form of DNA. This is called the genetic code. Every organism gets half of this information from the father and the other half from the mother.
We all have grown from a single cell called the egg cell. It divides millions of times to give rise to the millions of cells which form our body.
And each cell has a copy of all the genetic information needed by the body. This means that each cell of our body has enough information to create other human beings like us. All we need is an egg cell.
In the process of cloning, the scientists take the DNA from an animal cell and implant it into an egg cell taken from another animal. Before they implant it, the DNA of the recipient (受方) cell is removed.
This is how Dolly's life began — from a single cell taken from the udder of her mother. The DNA in her mother's cell was removed and transferred into the egg cell of another sheep. Five months later, Dolly was born and then was a healthy lamb, a clone of her mother (from whom her DNA was taken) — and without a biological father.
It is technologically possible to clone humans as well. What if someone creates a clone of Hitler? As we have learnt from the story of the Jurassic Park, we might lose control over the situation after a point. Is there a disaster waiting to happen?
语篇解读：克隆羊多莉的成功存活引起世界的广泛关注，这是科学史上的重大突破，文章同时暗示作者对克隆人可能存在的风险表示担忧。
1．According to the passage, every one of us grows up from ________.
A．a gene B．a mother
C．an egg cell D．a genetic code
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“We all have grown from a single cell called the egg cell.”可知，我们都是由被叫作卵细胞的单细胞发育成长来的，故答案选C。
2．Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?
A．Like us humans, Dolly got her DNA from her parents.
B．The DNA of Dolly's mother's cell was taken away.
C．It is implied in the passage that Dolly has one mother.
D．Dolly is famous because she was born in the laboratory.
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第六段中的“Before they implant it, the DNA of the recipient (受方) cell is removed.”可知，在克隆过程中，接受者细胞中的DNA在植入卵细胞前已被移除。
3．In which sentence does the word “implant” have the same meaning as that in Paragraph 6 ?
A. The egg implants and becomes a foetus (胎儿)．
B．Two days later, they implanted the egg back inside her body.
C．They felt a woman had a right to choose to have a breast implant.
D．A deep sense of responsibility had been implanted in him by his father.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。画线词implant在该语境下意为“将……植入”。根据选项各句句意可知，画线词和B项句中implanted的意义相同。
4．What attitude does the author have towards cloning humans?
A．Anxious. B．Optimistic.
C．Uncertain. D．Objective.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由最后一段作者提到克隆出希特勒的可能性和《侏罗纪公园》的故事可知，作者担心克隆人可能会让局势失去控制，因而选A。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
I made a visit to Australia a few weeks ago. I knew I couldn't leave the surf capital of the world __1__ experiencing it, so I booked a group surf lesson when I was in Byron Bay, __2__ is a really popular place for professional surfers to go and catch some waves!
We started off with a warm?up by doing some stretches and going for a jog along the beach, then we all __3__ (lie) down on our surfboards on the sand and practised __4__ (jump) up to the standing position. After a couple of practice, we were ready to go out into the sea and try it out on the water. I have to admit that surfing is much __5__ (hard) than it looks — when you watch people from the beach, you feel they are surfing so __6__ (easy)! I had a couple of failed __7__ (attempt) to stand up but then one of the __8__ (instruct) came to help me and held my board steady.
Finally I started to get the hang of it and by the end of the lesson I could manage __9__ (stand) up on the board by myself. It was __10__ an awesome feeling that I couldn't wait to try it again!
答案：1.without 2.which 3.lay 4.jumping 5.harder
6．easily 7.attempts 8.instructors 9.to stand 10.such
Ⅱ.短文改错
Nowadays, as the development of the Internet, there came a kind of language calling Web Language. Some people even speak Chinese mixed with English words. This is a phenomenon which is very worth think about. Some people think it kind of ridiculous. In their opinion, it make no sense in helping people communicate or learn English. Besides, it will ruin the Chinese language.
However, other, especially the youngsters, are fond this new language. They think it of special help in expressing them. In my opinion, it's not a good practice to use this kind of language. It may be is fashionable, but you may also get your ideas confused, leaving the other people at a loss to your meaning. Of course, the kind of Web Language sometimes may be very expressive.
答案：第一句：as→with; calling→called
第三句：very→well; think→thinking
第五句：make→makes
第七句：other→others; fond后加of
第八句：them→themselves
第十句：去掉is; confused→confusing
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，最近你去听了一堂有关克隆技术的讲座。请你写信告知你的笔友Tony这场讲座的相关情况，主要内容包括：
1．你的收获；
2．你对克隆技术的看法和态度。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．开关和署名已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tony，
How are you doing？
Yours truly，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Tony，
How are you doing? Recently I have attended a lecture on cloning given by Professor Zhang, who has been researching cloning technology for decades. Here I'd like to share something about the lecture with you.
Through this lecture, I have learned what the cloning technology is, and I have understood the significance of it if we can make the most of it. Although cloning can benefit people greatly, especially those suffering from incurable diseases, many countries disagree with human cloning. There are also relevant laws against human cloning.
As far as I'm concerned, we should take full advantage of the new technology to serve us, but I strongly object to illegal cloning activities. What' s your opinion?
Yours truly，
Li Hua
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Module 5 Cloning
单元小结
The most famous horror film Frankenstein is a sci?fi story. It describes a young scientist Frankenstein, an imaginary character, created a creature which is identical to a human being. However, the final result is incredible. The creature's black hair and white teeth contrasts horribly with his wrinkled yellow skin and black lips. It terrifies everyone who sees him. For Frankenstein, the nightmares began. When the monster got refused, he murdered Frankenstein's brother and his fiancee. The scientist chased the monster and wanted to kill him again and again. In the end, the monster threw himself on the ice in the Arctic and disappeared. In this film, Frankenstein created the creature using the technique — cloning.
Now the science of genetics and cloning is very popular. In 1996, the cloned animal — Dolly the sheep was born. The world treated it as a miracle. Since then, many animals have been cloned.
Some scientists are trying to clone humans, which is controversial. The contradictory opinions are as follows: Those for the idea of cloning humans think we can rely on the clone to resist or cure the diseases. Those against the idea think cloning will restrict the biodiversity of the breed. More problems arise. For example, how to deal with the relationship between the clone and the original?
Whether cloning will be beneficial or harmful to human beings is unknown. To avoid getting out of control, compulsory government regulations which control cloning will have to made.
最著名的恐怖电影《弗兰肯斯坦》是一个科幻故事。它讲述了一个虚构的人物——年轻的科学家弗兰肯斯坦，创造了一个和人一样的生物的故事。然而，最后的结果令人难以置信。这个生物的黑色的头发、白色的牙与他布满皱纹的黄色皮肤以及黑色嘴唇形成了可怕的对比。它吓坏了见过他的每个人。对弗兰肯斯坦来说，噩梦开始了。当这个怪物被拒绝时，他谋杀了弗兰肯斯坦的兄弟和未婚妻。这位科学家追赶怪物，一次又一次地想杀害他。最后，这个怪物扑倒在北极的冰上消失了。在这部电影里，弗兰肯斯坦用克隆技术创造了这个生物。
现在遗传学和克隆很流行。1996年，克隆羊多利诞生。世人把它看作一个奇迹。从那以后，许多动物就被克隆出来了。
一些科学家正试图克隆人类，这是有争议的。对立的观点如下：那些支持克隆人类的人认为，我们可以依靠克隆体抵抗或治愈疾病。那些反对的人认为，克隆将限制物种的多样性。更多的问题出现了，比如，如何处理克隆体与原体的关系？
克隆对人类有益还是有害还不清楚。为了避免失去控制，强制性的政府控制克隆的法规将不得不制定出来。
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
My Story
The long journey to clone my two beloved dogs began about fifteen years ago.
It was the year 2000 and my life was __1__. At 30 years old, I was poor. I spent all my money and I __2__ from my wife. It was at that very moment my two wonderful dogs Wolfie and Bubble cared for my __3__ heart. Until this day, I have no idea how I would have gone through those horrible times __4__ them.
I realized what my __5__ in life was. My happiness was __6__ related to my two dogs whom I considered my children.
I __7__ a simple 15?year plan. I would start a company, whose only __8__ was to make enough money __9__ I could pay to have them cloned when the time came.
I would start my own __10__ and save money. Work hard, save, and live __11__. Today I feel I have walked a million miles. I am very tired, __12__ have finally reached my goal.
In July of 2011, I found a dog cloning company Sooam Biotech Research Foundation in South Korea __13__ by the top cloning scientist and father of dog cloning — Dr. Hwang, who was the first scientist to successfully __14__ a dog. In fact, he was the one who cloned Snuppy — the world's first cloned __15__ that I had met in May 2009.
Dr. Hwang and his staff __16__ me with open arms. He told me that the Wolfie clones should not grow up __17__. He was going to clone Bubble __18__ and I was also relieved that the money would be enough.
Two healthy Wolfie clones were born on December 23rd, 2014, just three months from the time they __19__ Wolfie's cells. I have been so used to waiting that even until now I'll take out my phone and stare at the images of the clones just to make sure I don't __20__ at all. I'll have another chance to love them all over again.
语篇解读：当作者处于人生低谷时，两只小狗成了作者最好的陪伴。为了克隆出同样的小狗，作者创办了公司，省吃俭用，最终实现了自己的愿望。
1．A.exceptional B．terrible
C．terrifying D．boring
解析：选B 根据第二段中的“I was poor” “I spent all my money”和“those horrible times”可知“我”的生活很糟糕。
2．A.stopped B．separated
C．sheltered D．escaped
解析：选B “我”花光了所有的钱并且和妻子分居了。separate“分居”，符合语境。
3．A.determined B．stubborn
C．soft D．broken
解析：选D 根据上文作者对糟糕的生活和妻子的离开的描述可知，此处表示安慰“我”破碎的心。
4. A．without B．rather than
C．because of D．despite
解析：选A 直到现在“我”都不知道如果没有它们，“我”该如何度过那些可怕的日子。without“无……相伴，没有”，符合语境。
5．A.ability B．strength
C．advantage D．preference
解析：选D 由下文“我”开公司、存钱去克隆狗可推知，这里指“我”意识到了“我”的生活偏爱是什么。preference“偏爱”，此处是指对狗的偏爱。
6．A.blindly B．carefully
C．closely D．narrowly
解析：选C “我”的幸福与“我”的两只狗密切相关。be closely related to ...“和……密切相关”。closely“密切地”。
7．A.put up with B．kept up with
C．caught up with D．came up with
解析：选D “我”想出了一个简单的十五年计划。put up with“忍受”； keep up with “(与……)并驾齐驱”；catch up with “赶上”；come up with“想出，制订出，提出”。
8．A.procedure B．job
C．purpose D．enjoyment
解析：选C 由语境及下一段中的“reached my goal”可知，此处说的是公司的目的是赚钱去克隆“我”的狗。
9．A.so that B．now that
C．in that D．such that
解析：选A 由语境可知空格后为“我”创办公司的目的，空格处引导目的状语从句，故应选so that，意为“以便，为了”。
10．A.shop B．center
C．company D．factory
解析：选C start my own company表示创办自己的公司。上一段中提到的“start a company”是信息提示。
11．A.calmly B．simply
C．peacefully D．normally
解析：选B 为了攒钱，“我”努力工作，存钱并且生活节俭。live simply“简朴地生活”。simply“简朴地”。
12．A.and B．so
C．but D．or
解析：选C “我”非常疲倦，但是终于达到了“我”的目标。前后分句之间是转折关系，故选but。
13．A.run B．followed
C．accompanied D．supported
解析：选A “我”发现了由顶尖克隆科学家同时也是狗克隆之父经营的克隆公司。run“经营，管理”；follow“跟随”；accompany“陪伴”；support“支持”。
14．A.raise B．clone
C．adopt D．feed
解析：选B 根据上文中的“father of dog cloning”可知，黄博士是第一个成功克隆出狗的科学家。
15．A.sheep B．animal
C．human D．dog
解析：选D 此句中he指的是Dr. Hwang (黄禹锡)，他是顶尖克隆科学家同时也是克隆狗之父，因此他克隆的Snuppy就是世界上第一只被克隆出来的狗。
16．A.introduced B．refused
C．welcomed D．concerned
解析：选C 根据下文中的“with open arms”(张开双臂)可知，黄博士及其员工欢迎“我”。welcome“(打招呼)欢迎(某人的到来)”。
17．A.alone B．quietly
C．ahead D．healthily
解析：选A 根据下文黄博士还要克隆Bubble可知，alone“单独，独自”，符合语境。
18．A.for safety B．for long
C．for free D．for sure
解析：选C 根据空格后的“and I was ... be enough”可知答案。for free “免费地”，符合语境。
19．A.produced B．received
C．bought D．accepted
解析：选B 在他们得到(received) Wolfie的细胞三个月之后，两只克隆小狗诞生了。
20．A.resist B．like
C．think D．dream
解析：选D “我”拿出手机看着克隆出的小狗的照片为的是确保自己不是在做梦(dream)。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
What is Cloning?
Which is the most famous sheep in the world? A sheep called Dolly. But why is Dolly famous? That is because unlike other sheep, Dolly was not born in the usual manner. This means that she is the twin sister of her mother and she does not have a father!
Scientists at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, the UK, made history on July 5th 1996, when they successfully cloned a sheep.
Our bodies are made up of cells which have information to go about their work in the form of DNA. This is called the genetic code. Every organism gets half of this information from the father and the other half from the mother.
We all have grown from a single cell called the egg cell. It divides millions of times to give rise to the millions of cells which form our body.
And each cell has a copy of all the genetic information needed by the body. This means that each cell of our body has enough information to create other human beings like us. All we need is an egg cell.
In the process of cloning, the scientists take the DNA from an animal cell and implant it into an egg cell taken from another animal. Before they implant it, the DNA of the recipient (受方) cell is removed.
This is how Dolly's life began — from a single cell taken from the udder of her mother. The DNA in her mother's cell was removed and transferred into the egg cell of another sheep. Five months later, Dolly was born and then was a healthy lamb, a clone of her mother (from whom her DNA was taken) — and without a biological father.
It is technologically possible to clone humans as well. What if someone creates a clone of Hitler? As we have learnt from the story of the Jurassic Park, we might lose control over the situation after a point. Is there a disaster waiting to happen?
语篇解读：克隆羊多莉的成功存活引起世界的广泛关注，这是科学史上的重大突破，文章同时暗示作者对克隆人可能存在的风险表示担忧。
1．According to the passage, every one of us grows up from ________.
A．a gene B．a mother
C．an egg cell D．a genetic code
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“We all have grown from a single cell called the egg cell.”可知，我们都是由被叫作卵细胞的单细胞发育成长来的，故答案选C。
2．Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?
A．Like us humans, Dolly got her DNA from her parents.
B．The DNA of Dolly's mother's cell was taken away.
C．It is implied in the passage that Dolly has one mother.
D．Dolly is famous because she was born in the laboratory.
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第六段中的“Before they implant it, the DNA of the recipient (受方) cell is removed.”可知，在克隆过程中，接受者细胞中的DNA在植入卵细胞前已被移除。
3．In which sentence does the word “implant” have the same meaning as that in Paragraph 6 ?
A. The egg implants and becomes a foetus (胎儿)．
B．Two days later, they implanted the egg back inside her body.
C．They felt a woman had a right to choose to have a breast implant.
D．A deep sense of responsibility had been implanted in him by his father.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。画线词implant在该语境下意为“将……植入”。根据选项各句句意可知，画线词和B项句中implanted的意义相同。
4．What attitude does the author have towards cloning humans?
A．Anxious. B．Optimistic.
C．Uncertain. D．Objective.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由最后一段作者提到克隆出希特勒的可能性和《侏罗纪公园》的故事可知，作者担心克隆人可能会让局势失去控制，因而选A。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
I made a visit to Australia a few weeks ago. I knew I couldn't leave the surf capital of the world __1__ experiencing it, so I booked a group surf lesson when I was in Byron Bay, __2__ is a really popular place for professional surfers to go and catch some waves!
We started off with a warm?up by doing some stretches and going for a jog along the beach, then we all __3__ (lie) down on our surfboards on the sand and practised __4__ (jump) up to the standing position. After a couple of practice, we were ready to go out into the sea and try it out on the water. I have to admit that surfing is much __5__ (hard) than it looks — when you watch people from the beach, you feel they are surfing so __6__ (easy)! I had a couple of failed __7__ (attempt) to stand up but then one of the __8__ (instruct) came to help me and held my board steady.
Finally I started to get the hang of it and by the end of the lesson I could manage __9__ (stand) up on the board by myself. It was __10__ an awesome feeling that I couldn't wait to try it again!
答案：1.without 2.which 3.lay 4.jumping 5.harder
6．easily 7.attempts 8.instructors 9.to stand 10.such
Ⅱ.短文改错
Nowadays, as the development of the Internet, there came a kind of language calling Web Language. Some people even speak Chinese mixed with English words. This is a phenomenon which is very worth think about. Some people think it kind of ridiculous. In their opinion, it make no sense in helping people communicate or learn English. Besides, it will ruin the Chinese language.
However, other, especially the youngsters, are fond this new language. They think it of special help in expressing them. In my opinion, it's not a good practice to use this kind of language. It may be is fashionable, but you may also get your ideas confused, leaving the other people at a loss to your meaning. Of course, the kind of Web Language sometimes may be very expressive.
答案：第一句：as→with; calling→called
第三句：very→well; think→thinking
第五句：make→makes
第七句：other→others; fond后加of
第八句：them→themselves
第十句：去掉is; confused→confusing
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，最近你去听了一堂有关克隆技术的讲座。请你写信告知你的笔友Tony这场讲座的相关情况，主要内容包括：
1．你的收获；
2．你对克隆技术的看法和态度。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．开关和署名已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tony，
How are you doing？
Yours truly，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Tony，
How are you doing? Recently I have attended a lecture on cloning given by Professor Zhang, who has been researching cloning technology for decades. Here I'd like to share something about the lecture with you.
Through this lecture, I have learned what the cloning technology is, and I have understood the significance of it if we can make the most of it. Although cloning can benefit people greatly, especially those suffering from incurable diseases, many countries disagree with human cloning. There are also relevant laws against human cloning.
As far as I'm concerned, we should take full advantage of the new technology to serve us, but I strongly object to illegal cloning activities. What' s your opinion?
Yours truly，
Li Hua
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7
课时跟踪练(二) Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Traveling on those bad mountain roads is a nightmare (噩梦)．
2．The boys, faced with this somewhat terrifying (令人害怕的) figure, had lost their tongues.
3．Her refusal (拒绝) to go to the party is beyond expectation.
4．It took us a few minutes to get our breath (呼吸) back after the race.
5．She made the contrast (比较) of this picture with that one.
6．Trembling with fear (害怕), Polly slowly opened the door.
7．The child rushed (冲) into the room and tracked dirt over the floor.
8．These years, more and more people study the technology of cloning (克隆)．
9．The speaker appealed to our emotions (感情) rather than to our minds.
10．His age was evident in his gray hair and wrinkled (布满皱纹的) face.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He crept into the house trying not to make sound. make后加a
2．The nurse walked on tiptoe for fear that waking the patient.that→of
3．I broke into tears and threw myself to my mother's arms.to→on
4．The coastal areas have mild winters, but by the contrast the central plains become extremely cold.去掉第一个the
5．I ran to the theater all along and was out of my breath.去掉my
6．She was terrifying at the thought of being alone.terrifying→terrified
7．He refused to adopting the plan on the grounds of its high cost. adopting→adopt
8．At least 9 houses are burned into the ground and many more in danger. into→to
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．We threw some logs on the fire, and it burned_up with a crackle.
2．In_contrast_with his country, our country is rather large.
3．I won't put_up_with any more of your nonsense — now get down to work.
4．I have explained again_and_again,_but even now they do not understand.
5．It is not right that many people throw_away cigarette ends carelessly.
6．I opened the window and took_a_deep_breath of fresh air.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Frankenstein, a young 1.scientist (science), discovered the secret of 2.how to give life to lifeless matter and create creatures 3.that resemble human beings. 4.Unfortunately (fortunate), the creature makes the people around 5.terrified (terrify); moreover, he is intelligent and has human emotions. But he is 6.lonely (lone). When Frankenstein refuses 7.to_create (create) a wife for him, he hates Frankenstein and murders his brother and wife. 8.In order to destroy the creature, Frankenstein chases him 9.to the Arctic, where he dies and the monster 10.disappears (disappear) into the ice and snow to end his own life.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
李平曾是个工作狂，过去常常工作到很晚。因为太累，他常常和衣而睡(throw oneself on)。他的妻子担心(fear for)他的健康要求他早点睡觉，但他拒绝(refuse)了。另外，他的朋友经常告诉他如果他不停止这么卖力工作的话，他会累垮(burn oneself out)的，但他不予理睬。一天他病了，被紧急送往(be rushed to)医院。医生告诉他，他的病源于工作太卖力并且告诉他睡眠要充足。从那之后，李平的确改变了许多，现在他很健康。
Li_Ping_was_a_workaholic_and_he_used_to_work_late._He_often_threw_himself_on_the_bed_in_his_clothes_because_he_was_too_tired._His_wife_feared_for_his_health_and_asked_him_to_go_to_bed_early,_but_he_refused._Besides,_his_friends_often_told_him_that_if_he_didn't_stop_working_so_hard,_he_would_burn_himself_out._But_he_ignored_what_they_said._One_day_he_fell_ill_and_was_rushed_to_the_hospital._The_doctor_told_him_his_illness_resulted_from_his_hard_working_and_told_him_to_have_enough_sleep._After_that,_Li_Ping_did_change_a_lot_and_now_he_is_very_healthy.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
A month ago, I went to an outdoor movie in my neighborhood. I got talking to a tall man in front of me. He was with his 8?year?old daughter. He __1__ me to Miracle, his daughter.
He said, “I'm __2__ both her father and her mother because her mom was __3__ because of cancer.” The beautiful black girl, Miracle was full of __4__， singing and dancing there. She then __5__ told me she went to a girls' school in the South Bronx, where everyone takes ballet classes. But, when I asked her whether she had __6__ been to a ballet (芭蕾舞剧), she said no.
During the movie, I suddenly __7__ that her father couldn't afford her tickets to a ballet, but I could. Why not talk to the man about it __8__ the movie? But the movie was extremely __9__ and before it was over, Miracle and her dad had __10__. I thought I'd just let it go, but I couldn't shake the __11__ that I'd make a difference in the life of a special little girl.
Two weeks ago, I __12__ my best friend, Ann, the headmistress of the girls' school, to see __13__ she knew the man and Miracle. “Yes，” she said. “What do you want, Jane？” I __14__ my interest in taking Miracle to the ballet and asked her if she would __15__ me their telephone number. Two days later, I got the phone number with a __16__ that the father would be willing to let me take Miracle to the ballet.
Now, I've realized the __17__ I have been taking on. I did get in touch with them, find out what time would work, and __18__ it best. I really made the experience a __19__ one for Miracle. What I want is to make sure everyone feels respected no matter where they __20__ — a rich or poor or different cultural class.
语篇解读：富有同情心和责任感的作者讲述了自己帮助了一个贫穷的黑人女孩的经历。她认为无论是穷人还是富人，无论来自哪个阶层，都需要感觉到被尊重。
1．A.got B．led
C．introduced D．forced
解析：选C 根据前后文可知，有一次作者在街区里看露天电影，遇到一对陌生的父女站在她的前面。那位父亲与作者聊天，并将她介绍给他的女儿认识。
2．A.looking after B．caring for
C．taking on D．acting as
解析：选D 由后文可知那位父亲说他妻子患癌症去世了，他既当爸爸又当孩子的妈妈。act as意为“充当”。
3．A.gone B．out
C．away D．past
解析：选A 由语境中“既当爸又当妈”及“患癌症”可知小女孩的妈妈去世了。此处be gone意为“去世”，是对“死”一种含蓄的说法。
4．A.humour B．dream
C．energy D．information
解析：选C 根据前文“The beautiful black girl”和后文的“singing and dancing there”可知，作者说Miracle是朝气蓬勃的。
5．A.carefully B．peacefully
C．confusedly D．excitedly
解析：选D 根据语境可知，Miracle很兴奋地告诉作者，在她的学校，大家都参加芭蕾舞课程。
6．A.even B．ever
C．still D．yet
解析：选B 当作者问Miracle是否看过芭蕾舞演出时，Miracle说没有。ever意为“曾经”。
7．A.reminded B．warned
C．realized D．believed
解析：选C 作者在看电影的过程中，突然意识到Miracle的父亲没钱送Miracle去看芭蕾舞，但“我”有钱能送Miracle去看芭蕾舞，故选 realized，表示“突然意识到”。
8．A.after B．in
C．during D．through
解析：选A 根据前文的“During the movie”可知，作者在看电影期间意识到女孩的父亲无法支付芭蕾舞剧的票，再根据“before it was over”可知，作者是打算在电影结束后跟那位父亲谈谈。
9．A.strange B．funny
C．exciting D．long
解析：选D 作者想在看完电影后跟这位父亲谈谈自己的想法。但这电影很长，电影没看完Miracle和她父亲就走了，故选long。
10．A.returned B．slept
C．left D．rested
解析：选C 电影很长，Miracle和她父亲还没看完电影就走了，leave意为“离开，走了”，符合语境。
11．A.task B．idea
C．suggestion D．order
解析：选B 作者原本想放弃自己帮助Miracle的打算，但她很难不去想帮助Miracle，故选idea。
12．A.wanted B．demanded
C．promised D．called
解析：选D 根据语境并结合选项可知，作者给她的好朋友Ann打电话，因为Ann是女子学校的校长，Miracle是她的学校的学生。
13．A.when B．why
C．whether D．how
解析：选C 作者打电话的目的是看她是否认得Miracle和她父亲。whether意为“是否”。
14．A.controlled B．explained
C．lost D．repeated
解析：选B 为了让Ann了解情况，作者跟Ann解释了自己的想法，她打算带Miracle去看芭蕾舞。
15．A.give B．save
C．bring D．fetch
解析：选A 根据后文要到电话号码可知，作者问Ann是否可以给自己他们的电话号码。
16．A.sign B．message
C．fact D．chance
解析：选B 根据前后文以及选项可知，作者得到了Miracle的父亲的电话号码和一条短信，故选message。
17．A.lesson B．adventure
C．trouble D．responsibility
解析：选D 后文描述作者很用心地安排Miracle去看芭蕾舞剧，她把这看成她的责任。
18．A.understand B．arrange
C．enjoy D．manage
解析：选B 作者把带Miracle看芭蕾舞的活动安排得很好，故选arrange。
19．A.good B．common
C．simple D．boring
解析：选A 根据上下文可知，作者用心为女孩安排，让Miracle拥有一次美好的经历。
20．A.come from B．set up
C．show up D．look at
解析：选A 作者希望每个人都应该受到尊重，不管他们是穷人还是富人，或来自什么文化阶层。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My mom has a great sense of humor. I can make things fun. What impresses me most is she enjoys being alone very much and always find ways to entertain herself. I still remember one of her special habit when I was young. She will write humorous notes on almost every bill she paid. For an example, on one electric bill, she wrote “You light up my life”. Additional, once when paying back some money borrowing from the bank for our house, she wrote “We are four bills closer to owning the house” on the bill. I'm so happy to have a mom as her because she gives us a relaxed life.
答案：第二句：I→She
第三句：is后加that; find→finds
第四句：habit→habits
第五句：will→would
第六句：去掉an
第七句：Additional→Additionally; borrowing→borrowed
第八句：as→like; relaxed→relaxing
PAGE
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课时跟踪练(三) Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is well known that sports are beneficial (有益的) to building our bodies.
2．That's the most incredible (难以置信的) coincidence I've ever heard of!
3．We tried to stay away from controversial (有争议的) topics at the dinner party.
4．Honesty is considered as one of the good virtues (德行)．
5．Unexpected difficulties arose (产生) in the course of their experiment.
6．He quarreled with my suggestion that television caused violence (暴力).
7．Adults are not flexible (易适应的); they do not transplant comfortably to another place.
8．These regulations (法规，条例) are intended to prevent accidents.
9．The rain pours down, accompanied (伴随) by thunder and lightning.
10．Years of research work have failed to produce a cure (治愈) for the disease.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The tutor took the boy in hand and soon cured him his idleness. him后加of
2．The new regulations will be of great benefit for us all.for→to
3．Absorbing in his writing, he neglected food and sleep. Absorbing→Absorbed
4．When with them, he could never resist make a joke. make→making
5．I apologize to you for taking your book by the mistake. 去掉the
6．You may rely on that the work will be finished ahead of time. on后加it
Ⅲ.选词填空
treat ... as ...， ?be? identical to， as follows， knock out， get out of control， as far as I know， break down， bring ... back to life， by mistake， rely on
1．As_far_as_I_know,_he'll be away for three months.
2．After many years, rocks can break_down into dirt.
3．The trees and flowers brought the city back_to_life.
4．I took another passenger's luggage by_mistake on the bus yesterday.
5．At present, we are relying_on the computer too much.
6．The main items researched in this paper are listed as_follows.
7．Our team was knocked_out in the second run.
8．You drink in moderation. You never let your drinking behavior get_out_of_control.
9．It's really interesting that your cat is_identical_to mine.
10．He preferred to be treated_as an ordinary worker.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I found my father sitting in his chair, completely absorbed (absorb) in a magazine.
2．The reason why I am here to see you is that I need your help.
3．The police suspected him of taking part in the jewel robbery.
4．I couldn't resist telling (tell) him the secret.
5．The doctor cured many people of such disease.
6．Let's go out for a walk, for fresh air is beneficial (benefit) to our health.
7．She's working hard for fear that he would be fired.
8．In contrast with traditional media, Internet advertising has a lot of advantages.
9．His refusal (refuse) to join us was quite unexpected.
10．The child was terrified (terrify) of being left alone in the house.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He never ceased to chase_after_his_dream (追求他的梦想) in his youth.
2．The hotel was_completely_burnt_out (完全被烧尽了); only the walls remained.
3．In my opinion, good books should be_read_again_and_again (被一遍一遍地读)．
4．I'm sorry, this letter is addressed to you — I_opened_it_by_mistake (我误把它打开了)．
5．As_far_as_we_know (正如我们所知), the world consists of seven continents.
6．Having finished the 100?meter race, I_was_out_of_breath (我上气不接下气).
7．They have to rely_on_the_river_for_their_water (依赖这条河获取水) and have no optional choices.
8．As neither side would give in, the_talk_broke_down (谈判失败了)．
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Four cloned sheep that are genetically the same as Dolly, the first cloned mammal, are still healthy even in old age, a new study found. The four sheep could be considered Dolly's clone “sisters”. “They have just reached their 9th birthday, which is age 70 in human years，” researchers who have been studying the sheep said.
A detailed study of these four sheep and nine other cloned sheep that are not related to “the Dollies” found that the animals were healthy. All of the sheep were free from many diseases commonly found in older sheep, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, the study showed.
Dolly was born in 1996 as the result of a lab technique called somatic?cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), in which the nucleus (细胞核) from an adult cell is put into an egg cell that doesn't have a nucleus. This meant that Dolly was a clone, genetically the same as the adult sheep from which the nucleus came. Such a development means a lot to the cloning field.
Dolly lived to be 6.5 years old and died in 2003 from a type of lung cancer that is caused by a virus and affects sheep. Before her death, Dolly developed arthritis (关节炎) at a relatively young age and had trouble walking. This caused concerns that clones might be at increased risk for age?related diseases, the researchers said.
In the new study, 13 cloned sheep underwent a series of health tests. The test results were normal for the sheep's age. Some of the sheep had signs of mild arthritis, but this would be expected in older sheep and was not detrimental,_so none of the sheep needed treatment for the condition, the researchers said.
The cloning process itself comes with a high risk of death in the fetus (胎儿). But for the clones that survive, the new data suggests that “they are healthy and seem to age normally”．
语篇解读：本文讲述了克隆羊多莉及其“姐妹”的情况。研究发现，那几只跟克隆羊多莉的基因一样的克隆羊没有出现大的健康问题。
1．What do the findings of the new study mainly suggest?
A．Sheep can be genetically the same.
B．Cloned animals can't live longer than normal ones.
C．Scientists can help prevent diseases in cloned animals.
D．Cloned animals aren't at higher risk for age?related health problems.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段的“the first cloned mammal, are still healthy even in old age, a new study found”可知，这个研究表明年龄大的克隆动物患病的几率并不会更高。
2．What do we learn about the sheep Dolly from the text?
A．Her birth led to the creation of SCNT.
B．Her birth was a great scientific achievement.
C．Her genes were unique when she was created.
D．Her genes were created using a normal technique.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Dolly, the first cloned mammal”以及第三段的“Dolly was born in 1996 as the result of a lab technique called somatic?cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)”可知，多莉的诞生是一个科学上的成就。
3．When Dolly died, scientists most probably ________.
A．became worried about the health of cloned animals
B．thought her death was caused by old age
C．found a way to reduce the risk for age?related diseases
D．lost interest in cloning animals
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段的“This caused concerns that clones might be at increased risk for age?related diseases.”可知，多莉去世后，科学家担忧克隆动物的健康问题。
4．What does the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．New. B．Personal.
C．Harmful. D．Regular.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“none of the sheep needed treatment”以及那些羊没有大的健康问题的语境，可知这里是指没有“危害性的”状况。
Ⅱ.语法填空
“Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue, and a silver sixpence in her shoe.” This time?honored tradition was once and is still thought __1__ (give) the bride good luck on her wedding day. It comes from an Old English rhyme (押韵诗) which __2__ (read) by many people during the Victorian era (维多利亚时期). According to the poem, the bride must collect the five objects __3__ (her) or from friends and family. These are pieces of good luck and often family treasures __4__ (hand) down to next generations. Something old __5__ (stand) for continuity; something new offers optimism for the future; something borrowed is a symbol of borrowed __6__ (happy); something blue symbolizes purity, love and loyalty; and a sixpence in her shoe is a wish __7__ good fortune and prosperity, although this remains __8__ (large) a British custom. In order to get the good fortune, the bride needs to wear them on __9__ day of her wedding. It's a nice way to hand down family treasures. Some people may say it is superstition (迷信), not a good tradition, __10__ if this tradition is used this way, it's not a bad tradition.
答案：1.to give 2.was read 3.herself 4.handed 5.stands
6．happiness 7.for 8.largely 9.the 10.but
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课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading — Pre- reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
There are many ways in which human cloning is expected to benefit humans.
Dr Richard Seed, one of the leading supporters of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to completely change the aging process because of what we learn from cloning.
Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. Heart disease is the number one killer in the US and several other industrialised countries.
There has been a breakthrough with human stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce organs to repair or replace damaged ones. Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, hearts, lungs, and kidneys could be produced. By combining this technology with human cloning technology, it may be possible to produce needed organs for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart failure, and other problems can be cured if human cloning and its technology are not banned.
Though current treatments for infertility (不生育) are getting a fair amount of publicity in the news, they, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. Some data shows that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before possible.
1．According to Dr Richard Seed, we can use cloning technology to ________.
A．produce more animals
B．make people live happily
C．make people look younger
D．cure people of many diseases
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“to completely change the aging process”可知，Richard Seed认为克隆技术可以彻底改变变老的进程。因此推知，克隆技术可以使人们看上去更年轻。
2．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．cloning has already been used to treat heart disease
B．we can treat a man's heart disease by cloning hearts
C．most people in industrial countries suffer from heart disease
D．more people die of heart disease than of other diseases in the US
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，心脏病是美国和其他工业化国家的头号杀手，因此在美国死于心脏病的人要比死于其他疾病的人多。
3．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．With cloning infertile couples could have children.
B．Treatment of infertility is not successful.
C．Infertile couples suffer a lot physically and mentally.
D．It is difficult for couples to have more children now.
解析：选A 段落大意题。联系全文可知，本文的主题是人类克隆技术。最后一段点明了现在治疗不孕的成功率很低，许多夫妇饱受煎熬，最后说明了利用人类克隆技术可以使不孕的夫妇有自己的孩子，因此A项正确。
4．What is the author's attitude towards human cloning?
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Cautious. D．Curious.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章第一句，特别是关键词benefit及第二至五段(都是讲人类克隆技术会给人类带来益处)可推知，作者对人类克隆技术持支持的态度。
B
I'm sure many of you have seen Star Wars, Jurassic Park, Multiplicity, or many of the other movies that describe cloning. Most of what you see in these movies is false. What you don't know is that cloning could be dangerous, to the clone and to our society as a whole. It's immoral to have a human clone.
What about identity? Humans are promised the right to their own personalities. What would happen if we ignore those rights by giving them someone else's genetic identity? True, personality is not fixed in genetic fault of the cloned.
Also, there is a large power struggle here. Cloning means a degree of power and control over another person's physical identity and that ignores their rights and their only personalities. The person doing the cloning would have more power than any parent would have.
Cloning would also deal with killing embryos (胚胎). You might not have known, but Dolly, the sheep that was cloned in 1996, was one of over 200 sheep embryos and hers was the only embryo that survived. The rest died or were thrown away. Imagine if the failure rate was that high when we started to clone humans. More than 200 embryos, the start of 200 human beings, would die for the sake of just one embryo that would have the same DNA as someone else.
Cloning someone, at this present time, would be extremely dangerous to the birth mother and the clone. In studies done on cows, 4 out of 12 birth mothers died. There is a very high failure rate, which is showed in the cloning of Dolly. Even if you had a few good embryos, failures have been noticeable in animal tests.
So, should we work ahead in the world of cloning? I say no. The risks are greater than the benefits. It's dangerous to the clone and to the birth mother. We would be killing human lives in the process. It would also be a violation (侵害) of the clone's right to its own genetic identity and personality.
5．The author thinks human cloning is wrong mainly for ________ reasons.
A．2 B．3
C．4 D．5
解析：选C 推理判断题。文章的第二、三、四、五段各介绍一条理由，所以共四条理由。
6．According to the article, what is the author's opinion about identity?
A．Cloning itself gives parents great power over identity.
B．People's identity is completely determined by their genes.
C．Governments have the rights to confirm people's identities.
D．Cloning may prevent people from possessing their identity.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Humans are promised the right to their own personalities.”以及后面的内容判断。
7．From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.
A．human cloning is much more difficult than animal cloning
B．Dolly is the most successful one among 200 sheep embryos
C．cloning means running the risk of wasting too much effort
D．numbers of baby animals are likely to be created by cloning
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The rest died or were thrown away.”可知。
8．Why does the author mention some movies in the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the topic of the article.
B．To present his idea about the movies.
C．To state the conclusion first.
D．To make the article unusual.
解析：选A 推理判断题。作者在文章的开头提到几部电影，目的是为了引出“克隆”这个话题。
C
When we think of chess, we feel it is a very difficult game. But do you know that most chess players and champions start very young?
Take the example of world champion Jose Raul Capablanca of Cuba. He was born in 1888 and picked up chess at the age of four by watching his father play. Similarly, Sammy Reshevsky of Poland also made his first moves on the chessboard at the age of four. By 1920, at the age of eight, he was busy touring the cities of Europe as the “wonder boy” who could outplay (击败) adults. Pentyla Harikrishna, from India, became a Grandmaster at the age of 15! Harikrishna learnt chess from his grandfather when he was five years old.
It is true that not everyone who plays the sport becomes a champion. Yet, it is a fact that the world has become chess crazy, especially children. In India, the southern city of Chennai was for long called the chess capital of India. After all it produced champions like Viswanathan Anand, Manuel Aaron and V. Ravi Kumar. Today the_craze has spread across the country. The number of chess clubs has increased, as well as the number of tournaments played through the year. In Russia and several other European countries, as well as in Canada, chess is part of the school courses.
In fact, this is one game that helps children in many ways and not only on the chess board. To play better, it becomes necessary to read chess books. So no one will accuse you of not being interested in reading! You have to be able to keep scores, so your arithmetic (算术) gets strengthened. More importantly, you are the general of your army on the board and have to think carefully before making any move. Otherwise your opponent (对手) will corner your troops. For this you have to be able to think of various moves and choose the best possible move. Naturally, your thinking becomes faster and you learn to decide faster.
If you don't play chess, it's time to have a try.
语篇解读：作者认为小孩子在很小的时候就可以下国际象棋，且进行这项活动对小孩有很多益处。
9．What does the underlined part “the craze” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．People's love for sport.
B．People's love for chess.
C．People's interest of joining chess clubs.
D．People's eagerness to become a champion.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Yet, it is a fact that the world has become chess crazy, especially children.”可知“the craze”指代的是人们对国际象棋的热爱。
10．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．The tips of playing chess well.
B．The benefits of playing chess.
C．The relationship between chess and study.
D．The difficulties of learning to play chess.
解析：选B 段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，主要是讲小孩子学下国际象棋的益处。
11．What's the author's purpose of writing this text?
A．To tell what the best age to play chess is.
B．To show chess isn't a difficult game.
C．To encourage children to play chess young.
D．To introduce some famous chess champions.
解析：选C 写作意图题。根据第一段最后一句及最后一段内容可知，作者的主要目的是鼓励孩子从小开始学象棋。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Reasons why you should learn first aid
A first aid course only takes a matter of hours to complete but supplies you with all of the knowledge you require to handle an emergency. __1__ Actually, there are more benefits if you take crucial (关键的) first aid practices.
__2__ Just imagine for a second that somebody was in a life?threatening condition and your quick actions saved their lives. What a great feeling to wake up to, remembering that you have prolonged (延长) someone's life and allowed them to spend many more happy years with their loved ones.
Having the ability to help family and friends in need. When a member of your family or a friend injures himself or herself, there's nothing worse than feeling helpless. In your first aid training, you can learn how to treat a variety of medical conditions and injuries. This means that when someone is in need, you will know exactly what to do. __3__
Earning the respect of your fellow colleagues. __4__ They will most certainly be grateful for all of your help, because you have provided the correct treatment at an early stage and they can recover quickly. This will reduce the number of days they are absent.
Gaining new responsibilities. Your role as a first?aider is very important especially in high?risk working environments where employees are operating heavy machines or working at a great height. __5__ More importantly, your skills will be highly valued to prevent potential accidents.
A．But that's not all.
B．Getting more confidence.
C．You will be the go?to person in times of need.
D．Having the pride you will feel if you help save someone.
E．We all know that accidents happen, but we cannot predict the future.
F．Your knowledge of first aid will increase their chance of making a quick recovery.
G．Stepping in to help your colleagues will have a greater effect than you might expect.
答案：1～5 ADFGC
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