2019-2020学年高二上学期训练卷
选修六 Unit4 Global warming
英 语 （一）
（本卷满分100分）
一、单句语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）
1. This plan of Apple Inc. is targeting (consume) of that country with the new notebook.
2. I hear you got injured in the basketball competition last week. How did it come ?
3. We (subscribe) to an evening newspaper, so you don’t bother to buy one for us.
4. China’s Belt and Road Initiative will bring new opportunities to countries along the Silk Road; is no wonder that so many countries attend the meeting.
5. I am in favor of the view we must make full use of the existing technical equipment.
6. Small quantities of poison (discover) in the dead man’s stomach this morning.
7. Yesterday I bought an electronic dictionary, the price of was very high.
8. He (state) his views in broad outline at the meeting yesterday.
9. Prices have risen (steady) during the past decade.
10. The show attracted a large audience, (range) from children to old people.
二、单句改错（每小题1.5分，共15分）
11. If the bike is not yours, who else can it be?
12. The reporter said that the UFO travelled east to west when he saw it.
13. Rainforests are cut and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
14. Students sometimes support themselves by ways of part-time jobs.
15. The result of the experiment was very good, as we hadn’t expected.
16. All the top leaders discussed the plan that they would like to see carrying out the next year.
17. Prices of daily goods buying through the Internet can be lower than store prices.
18. You must finish this foolish business as quickly as possible.
19. The suit fitted him well except the colour was a little brighter.
20. China Daily or The People’s Daily help us understand what life is in other parts of China and the rest of the world.
三、翻译句子（每小题3分，共15分）
21.我打算订阅几本杂志，以便我在空闲时阅读。（subscribe to; spare）
22.这些表演节目的学生的年龄从三岁到六岁不等。（range from A to B）
23.他的阅读能力在平均水平之上。（above average）
24.我基本上同意你的建议，除了一些细节。（on the whole; details）
25.昨天我是在公共汽车站见到李明的。（强调句）
四、阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共10分）
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers’ argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
26. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales. B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks. D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
27. What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags. B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage. D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
28. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
29. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
五、七选五（每小题3分，共15分）
Finding your dream job can be difficult. This month, the search will become even harder as new graduates start looking for work. With many companies still struggling, job hunters have a very difficult task ahead of them.
Don’t be disappointed. 30 Consider using these three methods to find and get the job of your dreams.
The Front Door
31 These include checking company websites and employment services. Since lots of people use the front door, make yourself stand out. This means understanding what a company really needs and creatively showing you can meet that need. 32 Find out who is doing the hiring, and try to give them your resume(简历) in person. Then follow up with a phone call, letter or visit.
The Back Door
A back-door job search means finding a job through people you know. The back door can help you avoid the crowd of job applicants using the front door. 33 What if you don’t have any connections at your dream company? Apply for an internship(实习期).
The Invisible Door
If you’re still not getting hired, you might be running into an invisible(无形的) door. Invisible doors are things companies want from new employees but don’t list as job requirements. Many companies have special company cultures. Others are looking for people with very specific skills. 34
It’s not always easy to find a good job. But with a little work, a door will open!
A. Using the front door is convenient.
B. Create your own back door.
C. This type of job search uses traditional ways of getting hired.
D. If you aren’t showing you are a perfect fit, you won’t get hired.
E. There are still jobs out there for those who know what to look for.
F. But you still need to work hard to show you are the best person for the job.
G. Read about each company you apply to.
六、书面表达（共30分）
随着全球环境的恶化，越来越多的人选择过“低碳生活（low-carbon life）”，即减少二氧化碳的排放，低能量，低消耗，低开支生活。请根据以下要点写一篇100词左右的英文倡议书，倡议你的同学加入“低碳一族”。要点如下：
1.手洗衣服；
2.多走楼梯，少乘电梯；
3.逛超市自备购物袋；
4.步行或者骑自行车上学。
注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
2019-2020学年高二上学期训练卷
选修六 Unit4 Global warming
英 语（一）答 案
一、单句语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）
1.【答案】consumers
【解析】考查词形转换。句意：苹果公司这个计划的目标就是为那个国家的消费者提供这种新型笔记本电脑。该空作target的宾语，consumer是可数名词，且那个国家的消费者应该是很多人，故该处应用名词复数形式，故填consumers。
2.【答案】about
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我听说你上周在篮球比赛中受了伤。发生了什么？come about：发生，常用在疑问句或由疑问句转换的陈述句中。故填about。
3.【答案】have subscribed
【解析】考查时态。句意：我们已经订阅了晚报，因此你不用费心为我们买了。根据句意可知，subscribe这一动作发生在过去且对现在造成了影响，因此用现在完成时。故填have subscribed。
4.【答案】it
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：中国的“一带一路”将给丝绸之路沿线的国家带来新的机会，难怪这么多的国家参加了这次会议。根据句子的结构来判断，此处应用it作形式主语，代替后面that引导的从句。It’s no wonder that.意为难怪。故填it。
5.【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：我赞成我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备这个观点。空后面的句子解释说明view的内容，所以空处引导同位语从句，所填词在从句中不作成分，所以填that。
6.【答案】were discovered
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：今早，在死者的胃中发现有少量的毒药。quantities of+名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，且poison与discover之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，结合时间状语this morning可知，discover这一动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故填were discovered。
7.【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：昨天我买了一个电子词典，价格很贵。逗号前后两部分中间没有连词。先行词是an electronic dictionary，关系词作of的宾语，指物，应用which引导该从句。故填which。
8.【答案】stated
【解析】考查时态。句意：在昨天的会议上他粗略地讲了自己的观点。yesterday说明动作发生在过去，所以该句应用一般过去时态，故填stated。
9.【答案】steadily
【解析】考查词形转换。句意：在过去的十年里，物价上涨平稳。分析句子结构可知，该空修饰动词rise，故应用副词，填steadily。
10.【答案】ranging
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：表演吸引了很多观众，从孩子到老人。range和audience有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语，故填ranging。
二、单句改错（每小题1.5分，共15分）
11.【答案】else改为else’s
【解析】句意：如果自行车不是你的，那可能是谁的？表示别人的（……）用else’s。
12.【答案】traveled改为was traveling
【解析】句意：当他看到飞碟时，飞碟正在由东向西飞行。此处应该用过去进行时。
13.【答案】are cut改为are being cut
【解析】句意：热带雨林正在快速被砍伐和烧毁，不远的将来将从地球上消失。可知用现在进行时的被动语态。
14.【答案】ways改为means
【解析】以……方法用by means of……表示。
15.【答案】as改为which
【解析】非限定性定语从句为否定意义时，关系代词只能用which。
16.【答案】carrying改为carried
【解析】that在定语从句中作宾语，see sth done即看见某事被做。
17.【答案】buying改为bought
【解析】此处过去分词作定语。由于东西是“被”买的，表示被动。
18.【答案】quickly改为soon
【解析】quickly表示动作的速度快；soon表示动作在不久的将来能完成。
19.【答案】在except后加that
【解析】except为介词，其后所跟句子为宾语从句，属于名词性从句，名词性从句一定要有连接代词或连接副词引导。
20.【答案】在is后加like
【解析】表示……是什么样子/怎样用：what is...like?
三、翻译句子（每小题3分，共15分）
【答案】
21. I planned to subscribe to a few magazines so that I could read them in my spare time.
22. The ages of these students giving a performance range from three to six.
23. He is above average in his reading ability.
24. I agree with you on the whole, except for some details.
25. It was at the bus station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
四、阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共10分）
【答案】26-29 DADA
【解析】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
26.细节理解题。根据第一段one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags和第二段plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume可知塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。
27.词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds即逆风，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bans on plastic bags，故选A。
28.细节理解题。根据第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选D。
29.标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。
五、七选五（每小题3分，共15分）
【答案】30-34 ECGFD
【解析】找到一份好工作并不容易，但也不是没有方法，本文介绍了一些找到好工作的方法。
30.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上文的Don’t be disappointed可知空处是：还是有些方法能够帮你找到好工作的，故选择E。
31.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下文的These include checking company websites and employment services可知空格处意为：此类找工作的方法用的是传统的方法。故选C。
32.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上下文可知，这里是指要知道你所申请的公司的具体情况，故选择G：阅读关于你所申请的公司的一切内容。
33.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上文的The back door can help you avoid the crowd of job applicants using the front door可知这种方式让你避开了众多的申请者，但是，你也要努力工作向别人证明你就是最佳人选。故选F。
34.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上文的Others are looking for people with very specific skills可知，公司会找有特殊技能的人，故选择D最为恰当：如果你不能证明你很优秀，你就不会被录用。
六、书面表达（共30分）
【范文】
Dear classmates,
With the global warming getting worse, more people choose to live a low-carbon life for the purpose of reducing greenhouse gases. As students we have the responsibility to change our lifestyles to fit the world better. The following are some small things that may contributes to improvement of the environment.
Firstly, wash your clothes by hand instead of using washing machines. Secondly, don’t take elevators unless it is necessary. Climbing stairs does good to your health and the environment. Thirdly, remember to bring your own shopping bags when you go to the supermarket. Last but not least, go to school on foot or by bicycle. Buses produce carbon dioxide, too.
Let’s take action and be low-carbon people from now on.
2019-2020学年高二上学期训练卷
选修六 Unit4 Global warming
英 语 （二）
（本卷满分100分）
一、阅读理解（每小题2分，共16分）
A
Going green seems to be a fad(时尚) for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic(有机的) stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home—made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.
1. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Going Green B. Protecting the Planet
C. Keeping Open-Minded D. Celebrating Our Green Year
2. It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because ________.
A. they were expected to follow the green fad
B. they didn’t know how to educate other people
C. they were unwilling to reduce their energy
D. they needed to perform unusual green tasks
3. What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?
A. They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.
B. They ignored others’ ungreen behavior.
C. They chose better chemical cleaners.
D. They sold their home-made food.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The government will give support to the green project.
B. The couple may continue their project in the future.
C. Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas.
D. Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.
B
El Ni?o, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Ni?o sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni?os, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Ni?o in 1997-98 helped America’s economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests: farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought(干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Ni?o may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Ni?o, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ni?os come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Ni?o’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Ni?o, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
5. What can we learn about El Ni?o in Paragraph 1?
A. It is named after a South American fisherman.
B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.
C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.
D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.
6. What may El Ni?os bring about to the countries affected?
A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.
B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.
C. Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.
D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.
7. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that .
A. more investment should go to risk reduction
B. governments of poor countries need more aid
C. victims of El Ni?o deserve more compensation
D. recovery and reconstruction should come first
8. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To introduce El Ni?o and its origin.
B. To explain the consequences of El Ni?o.
C. To show ways of fighting against El Ni?o.
D. To urge people to prepare for El Ni?o.
二、七选五（每小题2分，共10分）
Living to the ripe old age of 90 may depend on your body size—both height and weight—as well as your level of physical activity, and geeing to influence a woman’s lifespan more than it does a man’s.
The study found women who lived to 90 were, on average, taller and had put on less weight since the age of 20 as compared to women who were shorter and heavier. 9 However, men saw more benefit from physical activity than women.
In 1986 researchers asked over 7,000 Norwegian men and women between age 55 and 69 about their height, current weight, and weight at age 20. Both genders also told researchers about their current physical activities. 10 The men and women were then sorted into daily activity quotas: less than 30 minutes, 30 to 60 minutes, and 90 minutes or more.
Men and women in the study fared very differently when it came to the impact of body size and exercise.
Women who weighed less at age 20 and put on less weight as they aged were more likely to live longer than heavier women. 11 The study found women who were taller than 5 feet 9 inches were 31% more likely to live into their 90s than women who were less than 5 feet 3 inches.
12 Men who spent 90 minutes a day or more being active were 39% more likely to live to 90 than men who were physically active for less than 30 minutes.
However, women who were physically active for more than 60 minutes a day were only 21% more likely to live to 90 than those who did 30 minutes or less. And unlike men, there was no bonus for increasing activity. 13
A. Height played a major factor.
B. No such association was seen for men.
C. The study was observational and couldn’t establish cause.
D. In fact, the study found that the optimal level of activity for women was 60 minutes a day.
E. Neither height nor weight seemed to factor into whether the men reached their 90s, but activity level did.
F. In addition, for each 30 minutes a day the men were active, they were 5% more likely to reach that age.
G. And they included dog walking, gardening, home improvements, walking or biking to work and sports.
三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）
A couple of weeks ago, when we were leaving one of those horrible giant trampoline bouncy(弹跳床) places, my 11-year-old daughter said to me, “I don’t think I’m very athletic, you know, like Rocket(her brother). He seems to be really good at 14 .”
What came out my mouth 15 me: “No, you’re kind of not.”
Okay, let me 16 . As you may have guessed, this child has been with me for about 11 years, so I’ve had enough time to 17 her engaging in physical acts: jumping, climbing, running, and organized sports.
And the kid is just 18 me: two left feet. If anybody was ever NOT a “natural” 19 , that person is me.
But even 20 these facts, my first instinct(本能反应) was to show her with some 21 : “Oh, no honey. You’re good at sports! You just have to keep 22 !” But I decided to tell her the 23 , and I could see it hurt a bit.
So I said more: “Ava, we all have things we are particularly, 24 good at. Like you and 25 . You’re in the 5th grade and read Charles Dickens. That isn’t 26 , but you’ve done it without even trying. But all of us also have things that we are 27 in. If we want to get good at those things, we have to put in twice the 28 of the people around us to get to a decent(相当的) point and even harder if we want to 29 .”
She was nodding. She totally 30 it. Why? Because it’s the truth. Sometimes I wonder why we run around talking nonsense(胡扯) to our kids when they can 31 the truth. And they can smell rubbish from a mile away. In other words, they can easily recognize you are 32 . In addition, if they don’t know where they 33 now, they’ll never know how to get somewhere new.
14. A. arts B. reading C. organization D. sports
15. A. surprised B. puzzled C. amused D. worried
16. A. get up B. give up C. come up D. back up
17. A. keep B. leave C. observe D. prevent
18. A. for B. like C. with D. against
19. A. coach B. judge C. captain D. athlete
20. A. knowing B. ignoring C. checking D. minding
21. A. information B. facts C. rubbish D. beliefs
22. A. trying B. waiting C. looking D. smiling
23. A. idea B. truth C. news D. failure
24. A. probably B. naturally C. unexpectedly D. gradually
25. A. listening B. speaking C. reading D. writing
26. A. normal B. important C. special D. useful
27. A. poor B. different C. experienced D. interested
28. A. money B. courage C. effort D. confidence
29. A. get by B. live on C. catch up D. stand out
30. A. got B. forgot C. deserved D. did
31. A. hide B. avoid C. learn D. handle
32. A. joking B. lying C. struggling D. regretting
33. A. fall B. live C. stop D. stand
四、单句语法填空（每小题2分，共24分）
34. Since 2011, the country (grow)more corn than rice.
35. True to gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.
36. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.
37. China’s approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juer-gen Voegele.
38. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel (challenge).
39. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch.
40. They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
41. When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
42. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using every day.
43. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) a method of fighting heart disease.
44. As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
45. Then, a fire, broke out in 1969 on Cleveland’s Guyahoga River, shed light on the problem of chemical pollution in water.
五、单句改错（每小题2分，共20分）
46. None of us like him because he thinks much more of others than of himself.
47. Sandy could do nothing but to admit to his teacher that he was wrong.
48. What about the two of us take a walk after work?
49. Who is the old man who is standing under the tree?
50. Is this the reason why he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
51. Whom do you want to have to type the letter for you?
52. The American friends in our school have given us a lot of books, few of them are a bit difficult for us Chinese students.
53. My computer is out of order, there is no one I can turn to help.
54. Our English teacher loves us and teaches well and he is good thought of.
55. As I felt so much better, my doctor suggested me to take a holiday by the sea.
2019-2020学年高二上学期训练卷
选修六 Unit4 Global warming
英 语（二）答 案
一、阅读理解（每小题2分，共16分）
A
【答案】1-4 ADAB
【解析】本文为记叙文。2011年4月22日，作者夫妻二人决定每天都追求一种绿色的生活方式，并且要坚持一整年。这意味着要做365件“绿色的”事情，这对作者一家来说是个挑战。最后，“绿色之年”改变了作者的思维，作者很感激有这个机会，也坚信确实有能力保护我们的地球。
1.主旨大意题。概括文章大意可知，文章主要介绍了作者夫妻二人追求绿色生活方式的行为。在本文中going green为关键词，可概括文章主旨。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，整整一年都要过绿色的生活，不是件容易的事情，因为这不仅意味着要做365件不同的“绿色的”事情，还意味着除了一些简单的事情，我们还要不断地挑战自己，追求环保。这些都是不寻常的（unusual）环保任务，D项与之意思一致。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，在这一年里，作者一家完全改变了生活方式，追求环保、绿色，否则就要接受惩罚，所以A项正确。B顶：他们无视他人不环保与第二段最后一句矛盾；C项：他们选择更好的化学清洁剂，与倒数第二段的Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners表达意思不一致；D项：他们卖家庭自制食品与倒数第二段的倒数第二句不一致。
4.推理判断题。最后一段指出，“我们”的思维已经发生了变化，坚信自己有能力改变一些事情，保护赖以生存的地球。由此可知，作者一家会继续自己的这种绿色生活方式。故B项正确。
B
【答案】5-8 DCAD
【解析】厄尔尼诺现象的发生给全球带来了巨大的影响，作者通过具体的数据呼吁人们做好防范和准备工作。
5.细节理解题。根据第一段中的El Ni?o sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round可知，厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化，因此D项正确。
6.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni?os, on balance, than they lose可知，富裕国家的收益大于损失，因此选择C。
7.推理判断题。根据文中的however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance与This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction可知，这些数据说明了减少风险的投入太少，政府应该加大。故选A。
8.写作意图题。根据最后一段中Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Ni?o, reducing their losses needs to be the priority可知作者通过此文呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象提前做准备，因此D项正确。
二、七选五（每小题2分，共10分）
【答案】9-13 BGAED
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是人的寿命取决于哪些因素。活到90岁的高龄可能取决于你的身高和体重以及你的身体活动水平，并且鼓励会影响一个女人的寿命比影响一个男性的寿命更多。
9.上文提示：研究发现活到90岁的女性，平均而言，自从20岁就更高，更不易发胖，这是与更矮、更重的女性相比。承接上文，B项No such association was seen for men（这种关系却不存在男人身上）切题。故选B。
10.上文提示：男女双方还告诉研究人员关于他们当前的体育活动。承接上文，G项：他们包括遛狗、园艺、家庭环境的改善、走路或骑自行车去上班和运动切题。该项中的they指的就是上句中的activities。故选G。
11.下文提示：研究发现高度超过5英尺9英寸的女性与身高不到5英尺3英寸的女性相比，有31%更有可能活到90多。承接下文，A项Height played a major factor（身高构成了一个主要因素）符合，故选A。
12.下文提示：一天花了90分钟或更多在运动上的男性与每天锻炼少于三十分钟的男性相比有39%更有可能活到90岁。承接下文，E项：男性是否能活到90多岁，其因素似乎既不是身高也不是体重，而是运动标准。切题。故选E。
13.上文提示：与男性不同，增加活动强度没有额外好处。承接上文，D项：事实上，研究发现，女性的最优水平的活动是每天60分钟切题。故选D。
三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）
【答案】14-18 DADCB 19-23 DACAB 24-28 BCAAC 29-33 DADBD
【解析】本文是一篇人生感悟类阅读，通过告诉女儿其实她并不擅长运动这一真相的故事，告诉读者不要对孩子说一些自欺欺人的话，如果孩子们知道事情真相后，他们可以处理的更好，也有助于他们未来的发展。
14.考查名词。句意：他似乎很擅长运动。A. arts：艺术；B. reading：阅读；C. organization：组织，机构；D. sports：运动。根据前文I don’t think I’m very athletic, you know, like Rocket可推知，她的哥哥很擅长体育，故选D。
15.考查形容词。句意：我说出的话让我吃惊。A. surprised：感到惊讶的；B. puzzled：困惑的；C. amused：愉快的；D. worried：担心的。故选A。
16.考查动词短语。A. get up：起床，起立；B. give up：放弃，交出；C. come up：走近，发出；D. back up：支持，倒退。根据下文可知，作者是后退以观察女儿。故选D。
17.考查动词。句意：所以我有足够的时间观察她的身体行为。A. keep：保持；B. leave：离开；C. observe：观察；D. prevent：预防。故选C。
18.考查介词。句意：这个孩子和我一样：两英尺。A. for为了；B. like同样的，相似的；C. with和；D. against反对。故选B。
19.考查名词。句意：如果有人不是一个天生的运动员，那个人就是我。A. coach：教练；B. judge：裁判员；C. captain：队长，首领；D. athlete：运动员。故选D。
20.考查动词。句意：即使知道了这些事实。A. knowing：知道；B. ignoring：忽视；C. checking：校验；D. minding：介意。故选A。
21.考查名词。句意：我的第一反应是告诉她一些废话。A. information：信息；B. facts：事实；C. rubbish：废话；D. beliefs：信仰。故选C。
22.考查动词。句意：你只需要继续尝试。A. trying：尝试；B. waiting：等待；C. looking：看；D. smiling：微笑。故选A。
23.考查名词。句意：但我决定告诉她真相。A. idea：想法；B. truth：真相；C. news：新闻；D. failure：失败。故选B。
24.考查副词。句意：我们都有天生特别擅长的东西。A. probably：或许；B. naturally：自然而然地，天生地；C. unexpectedly：出乎意料地；D. gradually：逐渐地。故选B。
25.考查动词。句意：就像你擅长阅读。A. listening：倾听；B. speaking：说；C. reading：阅读；D. writing：写作。故选C。
26.考查形容词。句意：这是不正常的，但是你甚至都没有尝试就做到了。A. normal：正常的；B. important：重要的；C. special：特别的；D. useful：有用的。故选A。
27.考查形容词。句意：但是我们所有人也有我们所不擅长的东西。A. poor：匮乏的；B. different：不同的；C. experienced：老练的；D. interested：感兴趣的。故选A。
28.考查名词。句意：如果我们想要在这些事情上做得更好，就必须付出双倍的努力。A. money：钱；B. courage：勇气；C. effort：努力；D. confidence：信心。故选C。
29.考查动词短语。句意：如果我们想要脱颖而出，就会更加困难。A. get by：通过；B. live on：以……为食；C. catch up：赶上；D. stand out：突出。故选D。
30.考查动词。句意：她完全接受了。A. got：得到，明白；B. forgot：忘记；C. deserved：值得；D. did：做。故选A。
31.考查动词。句意：当我们的孩子能够面对真相的时候，我们为什么要乱说废话。A. hide：隐藏；B. avoid：避免；C. learn：学习；D. handle：处理。故选D。
32.考查动词。句意：换句话说，他们很容易辨认出你在撒谎。A. joking：开玩笑；B. lying：说谎；C. struggling在斗争；D. regretting后悔。故选B。
33.考查动词。句意：如果他们不知道自己现在的处境，他们将永远不会知道如何去新的地方。A. fall：下降；B. live：生活；C. stop：停止；D. stand：站立，位于。故选D。
四、单句语法填空（每小题2分，共24分）
34.【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自2011年以来，中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知此处使用现在完成时，且主语为单数，故填has grown。
35.【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：大猩猩本性没有什么攻击性，那只巨大的动物并不是真的要伤害我。根据上下文可知本空用一般过去时，故填meant。
36.【答案】dying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重，而且你仍然可以通过跑步降低过早死亡的危险。介词of后需用动名词形式作宾语，根据提示词die可知设空处填dying。
37.【答案】feeding
【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。名词China和动词feed构成逻辑上的主动关系，故使用现在分词作时间状语。
38.【答案】looking; challenged
【解析】句意：我迅速弯下身，低下头以避免直视它的眼睛使它不会感觉受到了挑战。动词avoid后需用动名词形式作宾语且look与主语I为逻辑上的主动关系，故填动名词looking。主语he与challenge（挑战）为逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词形式challenged。
39.【答案】to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾补。allow后须加不定式作宾补，又因为宾语me与stay为逻辑上的主动关系，故填to stay。
40.【答案】to process
【解析】be required to do sth.为固定搭配，意为被要求做某事。
41.【答案】are removed
【解析】句意：当把脂肪和盐从食物中去掉时，食物尝起来就好像缺少了什么。fat and salt和动词remove是被动关系，故此处应使用被动语态，故正确答案为are removed。
42.【答案】it
【解析】it指代the railway。
43.【答案】as
【解析】分析句子结构可知此处表示作为，所以填as。
44.【答案】a
【解析】as a result为固定搭配，意为因此，结果。
45.【答案】which
【解析】句意：后来，于1969年发生于克利夫兰的凯厄浩伽河的一场大火暴露了水的化学污染问题。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代先行词a fire，故填which。
五、单句改错（每小题2分，共20分）
46.【答案】more改为less
【解析】句意：我们没人喜欢他，不是由于他考虑别人多而是因为他考虑别人少。因此more改为less。
47.【答案】去掉to
【解析】but和except做介词，当“除了”讲时，如果其前面有动词do的任何形式，其后的动词不定式必须省略to。
48.【答案】take改为taking
【解析】about为介词，介词后跟名词、代词或动名词。
49.【答案】第二个who为that
【解析】在who引导的疑问句中，定语从句的关系代词用that。
50.【答案】why改为that
【解析】先行词为reason时，定语从句既可用that引导，也可用why引导。在从句中作状语用why；在从句中作主语或宾语用that。此句中explained后缺宾语，所以要用that。
51.【答案】去掉type前的to
【解析】让某人做某事用have sb.do。
52.【答案】them改为which
【解析】此句的后半部分为定语从句，引导定语从句需用关系代词，而非人称代词。
53.【答案】在help前加for
【解析】向某人求助用turn to sb.for help句型。
54.【答案】good改为well/highly
【解析】高度评价某人用think well/highly of sb.表示。
55.【答案】suggested改为advised
【解析】建议某人做某事用 advise sb.to do sth.表示。
