Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.核心单词
1．wrap v． 包，裹
2．flash n. 闪光
3．sheet n. (一) 层
4．dynasty n. 朝代
5．region n. 地区，区域
6．therefore adv. 因此
7．steep adj. 陡的，陡峭的
8．shallow adj. 浅的
9．prevent v. 阻挡，防止
10．harmony n. 和谐
11．generation n. 一代人
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．completion n．完成→complete v．完成 adj.完整的→completely adv.完整地，完全地
2．significant adj.重要的→significance n．重要性
3．design v．设计→designed adj.设计好的→designer n．设计师
4．harm v/n.伤害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
5．tradition n．传统→traditional adj.传统的
6．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的
7．attract v．吸引→attraction n．有吸引力的事物→attractive adj.有吸引力的
8．admire v．欣赏；羡慕→admiration n．欣赏→admirable adj.令人欣赏的
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．(be)_wrapped_in 被……包裹
2．be_home_to 是……的家乡
3．as_far_as_the_eye_can_see 极目所尽
4．turn..._into... 把……变成……
5．prevent..._from_doing_sth. 阻止……做某事
6．wash_away 把……冲走
7．in_harmony_with 与……协调
8．provide_sth._for_sb. 为某人提供某物
9．feed_on 以……为食
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water, shining_in_the_spring_sun.
想像一下群山被银光闪闪的河流环绕，在春日的阳光下闪耀。
2．These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to_whom_Guangxi_is_home.
这些梯田是广西当地的壮族人和瑶族人修筑的。
3．Reaching_as_far_as_the_eye_can_see,_these in terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
放眼过去，这些梯田布满了高山，往往从山脚一直延伸到山顶。
4．During the rainy season, it_is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces.
在雨季，雨水就是沿着这些水道从山上流到梯田里的。
1.Which is not the colour of the Longji Rice Terraces?
A．green B．gold
C．white D．red
答案：D
2．These terraces were built by ________.
A．Han people B．local Zhuang and Yao people
C．Dai people D．Tujia people
答案：B
3．What is most significant for the local people?
A．They work in harmony with nature
B．They ask the government for help
C．They help each other
D．They grow rice
答案：A
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The new generation value the traditional methods a lot.
B．We should give up old farming completely.
C．We should only use modern technology.
D．Visitors come to admire the nature.
答案：A
易错辨析：
therefore和so的用法区别
①therefore是正式用语，为连接性副词，常用于数学、逻辑和其他精细的推论中，特别用以表示严密的推理；它不能直接用来连接两个并列分句，前后两个句子之间常用分号或句号隔开，或用连词and连接。
②so可作连词，其前可用逗号隔开也可直接连接两个分句，用于简洁的会话和日常的文体中。
?重点单词和短语
1．therefore adv.因此
(1)therefore是副词，意为“因此；为此；所以”，引出结果、结局或结论，不能误作连词。
(2)therefore可引出一个独立句，但不能连接两个句子，因此当therefore前没有and等连词时，前面要用分号或句号隔开。
①I learned that fish are cold-blooded animals and therefore are very sensitive to water temperature.
我了解到鱼是冷血动物，因此对水温很敏感。
②We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.
我们的钱不够，因此买不起这辆新车。
[即学即练] 用therefore或so填空。
(1)He was very tired, and therefore he didn't give the market report.
(2)The student often broke the school rules. So/Therefore the teacher thought of some rules and made him follow them.
(3)He was down with the flu; therefore he couldn't go to the party.
(4)There was no food in the house so we rang out for a pizza.
2.prevent v．阻挡，防止
阻止某人做某事
①If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.
如果你喜欢的话，将少量新鲜的柠檬汁挤到香蕉上会防止它变为褐色。
②The rain did not stop us from enjoying the trip.
那场雨没有妨碍我们享受那次旅行。
③There's nothing to keep you from accepting the offer.
没有什么可以阻止你接受这份工作。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)You can't stop people from saying (say) what they think.
(2)The church bells keep me from sleeping.
(3)He was prevented from playing in the football match by a back injury.
3．harmony n．和谐
(1)in harmony 和谐
in harmony with sth. 和某事物一致；和某事物协调
social harmony 社会和谐
(2)harmonious adj. (关系)和睦的；和谐的
to create a harmonious society 创建和谐社会
①Harmony in the family is the basis for success in any undertaking.
家和万事兴。
②Although war still exists on our planet, I do believe it's possible for different ethnic groups to live together in harmony.
虽然我们的星球上仍然有战争，但我相信不同的民族能够和睦相处。
③Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.
你的建议与本项目的目标不符。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)To our satisfaction, most of us have realised the importance of living in harmony with nature.
(2)Studies show that kids living and studying in a harmonious (harmony) environment are less likely to become aggressive.
4．design v．设计；构思；计划 n．设计，国策
(1)design sth. for sth. 为……设计……
be designed to do sth. 被设计来做某事
be designed as... 被设计为……
(2)by design＝on purpose 故意的
(3)designer n. 设计师
①She designed a new logo for the company.
她为公司设计了一个新标志。
②HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.
“HUNCH项目”的设计初衷是将美国国家航空和航天局的工程师与高中学校教育联系到一起。
③But more importantly, it will be designed as a new tool for businesses, particularly small businesses like mine, to use.
但更重要的是，它将被设计成一种新的工具，让企业，尤其是像我这种小公司使用。
④As Colonel Tootal tells it, this strategy emerged more by accident than by design.
正如图塔尔上校所言，这一策略的产生与其说是蓄意地，不如说是意外。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The book is designed for a reference manual.
(2)Do you think he broke the vase by design or by chance?
(3)We have special programmes designed (design) for audience aged above 60.
(4)This series of books are designed to_help (help) children who are visually impaired.,易错提示：
prevent... (from) doing sth.和stop... (from) doing sth.用于主动语态时，from可以省略掉，用于被动语态时不能省略。但是keep... from doing sth.中的from在主被动语态中均不可以省略，因为keep... doing sth.的含义是“使……持续做某事”。
语境助记：
We should work together to create a harmonious society where everyone can live in harmony.
我们应该共同努力创建一个和谐社会，在这个和谐社会中，每个人都能和睦共处。
高考助记：
[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
对于西方设计师来说，中国和它璀璨的文化一直是西方创作者的灵感来源。
高考助记：
[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]
While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
虽然太阳射线会老化并伤害我们的皮肤，但它们也能为我们提供有益的维生素D。
漫画助记：
There are three generations in my family.
在我家有三代人。
联想拓展：
attraction中用于表“景点”
tourist attraction“旅游景点”为可数名词
When you come next month, I'll show you around our city and visit many tourist attractions.
下月你来的时候，我会带你参观我们这个城市的很多景点。,
5.harm v．危害，伤害 n．损害，伤害
(1)do harm to sb./sth.＝do sb./sth. harm 伤害某人/某物
mean no harm 并无恶意
do no/great/much/a lot of harm to 对……无害/有很大害处/有很多害处
there is no harm in doing sth＝it does no harm to do sth 不妨做某事
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
(反)harmless 无害的
be harmful to 对……有害
①The court case will do serious harm to my business.＝The court case will do my business serious harm.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。
②Just forget it! I mean no harm to you.别在意！我对你并没有恶意。
③There is no harm in giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.＝It does no harm to give gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.
给孩子礼物没有什么坏处，但是它们不应该是奖赏。
④Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people.
空气污染会加剧，这会对人们造成伤害。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)As we all know, eating too much sugar can do harm to children's teeth.
(2)It's said that too much sunshine is harmful (harm) to one's skin.
(3)You can hold the snake —it's harmless (harm)．
6．generation n．一代人；代
(1)generation gap 代沟
(2)from generation to generation＝generation after generation 代代相传
(3)for generations 世世代代
(4)the rising/young generation 年轻一代
①Our understanding of education, work and society is different from that of the earlier generation.
我们对教育、工作和社会的认识和上一代人不同。
②How can teachers help to bridge the generation gap between parents and their teenage children?
教师怎样才能帮助消除父母与青少年子女之间的代沟呢？
③Our family have been farmers for generations.我家祖祖辈辈都是农民。
[即学即练] 单句写作
(1)This tradition has been handed down from_generation_to_generation.
这个传统是一代一代传下来的。
(2)My family have lived in this house for_generations.
我们家世世代代都住在这栋房子里。
7．attract vt.吸引；引起……的兴趣
(1)attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sb./sth. 吸引某人对某人/某物感兴趣
(2)attraction n. 吸引力；吸引人的事物
(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的
①They tried to leave the hotel without attracting anyone's attention.
他们试图不引起任何人的注意离开酒店。
②What first attracted you to the study of physics？一开始是什么吸引你来研究物理的？
③The idea of travelling to the moon holds little attraction to me.
到月球去旅行这个主意对我没有多少吸引力。
④A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive to young people.
法律行业对年轻人的吸引力越来越大。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)Chengdu has the advantage in industries, universities and research institutes, which makes it attractive (attract) to top professionals.
(2)The Temple of Heaven is a popular tourist attraction (attract) in Beijing.
(3)What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.8.admire v．欣赏；钦佩；赞美
(1)admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因某事而羡慕/钦佩某人
(2)admiration n. 赞赏；钦佩；羡慕
with admiration 赞赏地；羡慕地
(3)admirable adj. 令人钦佩的
①We took time to stop and admire the view.
我们腾出时间驻足欣赏风景。
②I really admire your enthusiasm.
我确实钦佩你的热情。
③Lewis was much admired for his work on medieval literature.
刘易斯因其对中世纪文学的研究而备受赞誉。
④People all look at the intelligent man with admiration because under no circumstances will he fail to cope with emergencies.
人们都钦佩地看着这个睿智的人，因为他在任何情形下都能应付紧急情况。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)We admire the old scientist for his great contribution to the country.
(2)We stopped halfway up the hill, admiring (admire) the view.
(3)I'd like to express my admiration (admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the wounded.
(4)Your courage to face the challenge is admirable (admire)．
?重点句型
(教材P62)Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
放眼望去，这些梯田布满了高山，往往从山脚一直延伸到山顶。
本句为现在分词在句中作伴随状语。,现在分词?短语?作伴随状语的特点是：它所表示的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语的动作而发生或存在的。一般将其置于句尾，可用逗号将其与句子主干分开。现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系。
①The students entered the classroom, smiling and talking.
学生们有说有笑地进了教室。
②Don't sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table.
不要在那里干坐着，过来帮我收拾餐桌。
③He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.
他坐在椅子上看报。
④Four people entered the room, looking around in a curious way.
四个人进入房间，好奇地环顾四周。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring (stare) at the night sky.
(2)The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bath) the mountain in golden light.
(3)That singer bowed deeply to the judges, showing (show) her sincere gratitude.
(4)Mum was busy in the kitchen, cooking (cook) dinner for the whole family.,易错辨析：
admirable高尚的，令人钦佩的
admiring赞赏的，羡慕的
联想拓展：
伴随状语中的动词与主句之间构成被动关系时，用过去分词。
The teacher enters the classroom, followed by his students.
老师走进教室，后面跟着他的学生们。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．My mother wrapped (包) a pack of delicate candy.
2．The ceremony marked the completion (完成) of the new hospital building.
3．The photographer used a camera with a flash and therefore (因此) the image was clear.
4．San Francisco is built on hills and some are very steep (陡峭的)．
5．These fish are found in shallow (浅的) waters around the coast.
6．Nothing would prevent (阻止) him from speaking out against injustice.
7．The number of people employed in agriculture (农业) has fallen in the last decade.
8．The professor measured the position of the basin and eventually designed (设计) the solution.
9．Experts in agriculture say chemical fertilizers enable crops to grow faster, but harm (伤害) the soil.
10．Imagine a society in which everyone lived together in perfect harmony (和谐).
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．There are plenty_of opportunities for young people in big cities.
2．Butterflies feed_on a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
3．The small village is now covered_in bright moonlight.
4．Sichuan China is_home_to pandas and several other wild animals.
5．We must try to live in_harmony_with ourselves and those around us.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．It is a region of vast agricultural resources, with farms of corn and grain stretching as_far_as_the_eye_can_see (极目所尽)．
2．The course in_designed_for (为……而设计) graduate students of Information Science.
3．I know you are a good student from the_way_you_answer (你回答……的方式) your teacher's questions.
4．By_tradition (按照传统风俗), children play tricks on 1 April.
5．People in this region have concentrated on agriculture for_generations (世世代代)．
Ⅳ.短文填空
In this 1.region (地区) of China, people have devoted themselves to 2.agriculture (农业) for generations. They have passed on the tradition of several 3.dynasties (朝代) and built 4.terraces (梯田) on the 5.steep (陡峭的) mountains to grow 6.crops (庄稼) on 7.shallow (浅的) 8.soil (土壤). In winter, the mountains are covered in 9.sheets (层) of 10.frost (霜) and snow, and 11.therefore (因此) the terraces flash in the sunlight. To 12.prevent (防止) the loss of soil and water, they have 13.designed (设计) and built waterways around the terraces. It is significant to build such terraces. It 14.reflects (反映) the 15.harmony (和谐) between man and nature. The beauty here attracts a large number of tourists who admire it.
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
Grammar——现在进行时表将来
[新知导引]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
(1)My parents are taking (take) me to Yunnan province in China to visit Lijiang.
(2)We are meeting (meet) at 10：00 a．m. at the bus stop near our school.
(3)The young man is meeting his girlfriend this afternoon.
[共性呈现]
三个例句都是用现在进行时态表示将来。
[语法精释]
一、现在进行时的基本用法
1．现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的尚未完成的动作或状态。
What are you doing now, Bob?
鲍勃，你在干什么？
Look！What are they watching?
看，他们正在看什么？
2．现在进行时表示目前这段时间正在进行的动作。
现在进行时可表示目前这段时间正在进行，但此时此刻未必正在进行的动作。
George is working on a new book about stories in schools.
乔治在写一本关于校园故事的新书。
3．现在进行时与always, constantly, all the time等副词(短语)连用时，可表反复性、一贯性动作，常用来表示赞扬、生气、不满、厌恶等感彩。
He is always asking for money.
他老是要钱。
She is constantly changing her mind.
她总是改变主意。
[即学即练1] 完成句子
(1)我们正在等你。
We are_waiting (wait) for you.
(2)格林先生在写另一部小说。
Mr. Green is_writing (write) another novel.
(3)他总是先想着别人。
He is always thinking (think) of others first.
二、现在进行时表示将来的用法
1．动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等的现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种用法比较生动，给人一种期待感。它常表示最近或较近的将来会发生的动作。
They are coming here this afternoon.
他们今天下午来这儿。
When are you leaving?
你们什么时候动身？
2．除上述动词外，还有一些动词也可用现在进行时表示将来。
I'm meeting you after class.
下课后我要见你。
3．偶尔也表示较远的将来。
When I grow up, I'm joining the army.
我长大了要参军。
4．现在进行时也可用在时间、条件或原因状语从句中表示将来。
If they are not going, I won't go, either.
如果他们不去，我也不去。
[即学即练2] 完成句子
(1)我明天要动身去北京。
I am_leaving_for Beijing tomorrow.
(2)他什么时候到车站？
When is_he_getting_to/arriving_at the station?
(3)下星期天你打算干什么？
What are_you_doing next Sunday?
(4)我妈妈不久将给我买辆自行车。
My mother is_buying me a bike soon.
三、其他几种表示将来的结构
1．will/shall do表示单纯将来，可用于说话时才想到或决定的事。
Tomorrow will be Sunday.
明天就是星期天了。
2．be going to do用来表示近期或事先考虑要发生的事情以及有迹象表明将要发生的事。
The storm seems to be coming quickly.
看起来暴风雨很快就要来了。
3．be to do表示预定、按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
They are to get married next month.
他们下个月就要结婚了。
4．be about to do意为“刚要，正要”，表示非常近的将来。
be about to do不能和表示将来时间的副词连用。
She was about to leave when some guests came.
她刚要离开，这时来了一些客人。
5．一般现在时也可以表示将来。通常用于状语从句中或按规定(时刻表、计划表、日程表等)将要发生的动作。
The next plane leaves at 6：00 p．m.
下一趟航班晚上6点起飞。
[名师点津]
其中有一些动词一般不用于进行时。
(1)表示人的心理状态、情感的动词want, mind, wish, recognize, know, understand, hate, fear等。
(2)表存在或位置的词：remain, stand等。
(3)表示知觉的动词：see, hear, notice, smell等。
(4)表示所属的词或短语：have, possess, own, consist of，belong to等。
(5)表示暂时性的动词：accept, allow, decide, promise等。
[即学即练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)She will_come (come) back next week.
(2)The wedding is to_take (take) place next Sunday.
(3)He as well as his parents is_going (go) to attend a party to be held this weekend.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The telephone is_ringing (ring). Would you answer it, please?
2．He is always doing (do)things for others, so everyone has high praise for him.
3．He is_writing (write) a book about his experiences in Africa these days.
4．How many of you are_coming (come)to the party tonight?
5．I am_taking (take) my daughter to Central Park this Saturday.
6．The match is_starting/starts (start) at 3：30 p．m.
7．We are_moving (move) to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.
8．—I'm going to Singapore next week.
—How long are you staying (stay) there?
9．The train is_arriving (arrive) in three hours.
10．It's half past one now. They are_waiting (wait) for a taxi outside the school gate.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．他两小时后将赴伦敦和经理会面。(leave)
He is_leaving_for London in two hours to meet with his manager.
2．下课后我们打算在操场踢足球。(play)
After class, we are_playing/going_to_play football on the playground.
3．下周五我们将乘飞机去上海出席一个重要的会议。(fly)
We are_flying to Shanghai next Friday to attend an important meeting.
4．他明天上午到。(arrive)
He is_arriving tomorrow morning.
5．因为有重要的事情要处理，客人今晚坐火车走。(leave)
The guest is_leaving by train tonight because he has an important thing to deal with.
6．今晚我不出去，我待在家里。(stay)
I'm not going out tonight. I am_staying at home.
7．天气预报说明天天气暖和。(be)
The weather forecast says that it_is_going_to_be_warm tomorrow.
8．门卫正要去睡觉，这时有人敲门。(about)
The gate guide was_about_to go to bed when someone knocked at the door.
9．据预测，第二年的增长率只有1%。(forecast)
Next year's growth rate is_forecast at just 1%.
10．不管他多忙，他总是乐意帮助别人。
No matter how busy_he_is,_he is ready to help others.
Section Ⅲ Using language & Developing ideas
Ⅰ.核心单词
1．barrier n. 障碍物
2．structure n. 结构，构造
3．organism n. 生物，有机体
4．underwater adj. 水下的
5．basin n. 脸盆，盆地
6．grand adj. 宏伟的，壮观的
7．valley n. 山谷，谷
8．platform n. 高台，平台
9．waterfall n. 瀑布
10．channel n. 海峡
11．desert n. 沙漠，荒原
12．publish v. 出版
13．expert n. 专家
adj. 专家的
14．rent v. 租用
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．located adj.位于……的→locate v．把……设置在→location n．位置
2．gardener n．园丁→garden n．花园，菜园→gardening n．园艺
3．beauty n．美；美人→beautify v．美化→beautiful adj.美丽的→beautifully adv.美妙地
4．limited adj.有限的→limit v．限制→limitless adj.无限的
5．improve v．改进，提升→improvement n．改善
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．spend_some_time_(in)_doing_sth. 花费时间做
2．nothing_better_than... 没有比……更好的了
3．lead_sb._to_doing 导致某人做……
4．as_well_as 也，还
5．be_good_for 对……好
6．reflect_on 反思
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．Located_in_the_Coral_Sea,_the Great Barrier Reef is the biggest structure made by living organisms.
大堡礁坐落在珊瑚海，是由生物体组成的最大的结构。
2．The ... makes_it_difficult_for_us_to_have enough vegetables and fruit.
……使我们难以获得足够的蔬菜和水果。
3．And_while_many_Brits_like_nothing_better_than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit and enjoy the beauty of their small world.
尽管许多英国人最喜欢以除草的方式打发星期天，也有一些人只是坐下来欣赏他们美丽的小世界就心满意足了。
4．“Where you tend a rose... A thistle cannot grow.”
在你照顾玫瑰的地方……是长不出蓟来的。
?重点单词和短语
1．located adj.位于……的
(1)be located in/on/by ……位于……
(2)location n. 位置，场所
(3)locate v. 找出位置；将……设置在
locate sth. 定位某物
locate sth. in 把某物设置在……
①One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris.
世界上最大的美术馆之一——卢浮宫，也坐落于巴黎。
②What is the exact location of the ship?
那条船的确切位置在哪里？
③Can you locate Berlin on the map?
你能在地图上找到伯林的位置吗？
④The company located its branch office in the suburbs.
这家公司在郊区设立了分公司。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
(1)The three theatres are located (locate) in the centre of the town.
(2)His company is in a really good location (locate)．
(3)Their new house is located by the river.
他们的新家位于河边。,
联想拓展：
表示“位于……”还有be situated in/on/by...
lie in/on/by...等
高考助记：
[2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读]
Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有500万到1 000万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言。
高考助记：
[2019·全国卷Ⅰ七选五]Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
医院里看到窗外树枝的病人很可能比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。
漫画助记：
You shouldn't drive beyond the limit on this road.
在这个路上你不能超速行驶。,2.expert adj.专家的 n．专家，行家
(1)be expert at/in (doing) sth. 在做某事方面在行
seek expert advice 征求专家意见
(2)an expert at/on/in 一个……方面的行家
a computer/medical expert 计算机/医学专家
①She is expert at making cheap but stylish clothes.
她擅长做便宜但时髦的服装。
②If you can't make it by yourself, you can seek expert advice.
如果你自己不能够做到的话，你可以寻求专家意见。
[即学即练] 单句写作
Mr. Green is a_medical_expert and he is_expert_at dealing with all kinds of patients.
格林先生是一个医学专家，他擅长应对各种病人。
3．branch n．树枝，分支；分部；支流
①He climbed up the tree and hid among the branches.
他爬上树，藏在树枝里面。
②The bank has branches in all large cities.
那家银行在所有的大城市中皆有分行。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The head office of the company is in Beijing, but it has branches (branch) all over the country.
(2)The bank has decided to open_a_branch_in Shanghai.
这家银行已经决定在上海开一个分行。
4．limited adj.有限的
(1)limited company 有限责任公司
(2)limit v. 限制，限定/n.限度，限制
limit ... to... 将……限制在……范围内
be limited to... 局限于
there is no limit to... 是无限的
(3)limitless adj. 无限的
①Shops have a very limited selection.
商店里的选择非常有限。
②There is no limit to knowledge.
学海无涯。
③The government has set strict limits on levels of pollution.
政府对污染程度作了严格的限制。
④His living expenses are limited to 200 yuan per month.
他的生活费被限制在每月200元。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The limit on the foreign factories will be relaxed.
(2)The article should be limited to 100 words.
(3)Because of the limited (limit) funds, the company was forced to lay off many workers.
(4)In order to save time, he limited his lecture to thirty minutes.
?重点句型
1．(教材P68)And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit and enjoy the beauty of their small world.
尽管许多英国人最喜欢以除草的方式打发星期天，也有一些人只是坐下来欣赏他们美丽的小世界就心满意足了。
(1)while引导让步状语从句
while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，一般用于句首。
While he has shortcomings, I still like him.尽管他有缺点，我还是喜欢他。
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
否定词not, never, nothing, no等与形容词或副词的比较级连用时，表达最高级含义。
①The news couldn't have come at a better time.这消息来得再及时不过了。
②Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been more popular.
布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他工厂里生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。
③She likes nothing better than a nice walk along the beach.
她最喜欢沿着海滩愉快地散步。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)While the global economy shows sign of recovery, many developing countries are still suffering.
(2)I have never heard a(n) more_interesting (interesting) story.
(3)There is nothing better (good) than living in the city.
2．(教材P69)“Where you tend a rose... A thistle cannot grow.”
“在你照顾玫瑰的地方……是长不出蓟来的。”
where引导地点状语从句
where引导地点状语从句，意为“在……地方”，在从句中作状语，where引导的地点状语从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。
①Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
②Please put the picture where I can see it.
请把图片放在我能看见的地方。
[即学即练] 判断下列句子中where引导的从句类型。
(1)A tall building is put up at the place where there used to be a desert.定语从句
(2)Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.地点状语从句
(3)The doctor advised me to live where the air is fresher.地点状语从句,
易混辨析：
where引导地点状语从句和引导定语从句的区别
从句
区别
where引导地点状语从句
where是从属连词，它引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。从句可放在句首。
where引导定语从句
where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的先行词。从句不可放在句首。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They are hoping to discover living (live) organisms in the soil.
2．We, along with the exchange students, have no language, and no cultural barriers (barrier)．
3．The earthquake caused minor structural (structure) damage.
4．The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.
5．The car narrowly (narrow) missed a cyclist.
Ⅱ.短语填空
a number of， be located in， join... to...， differences between... and...， note down
1．The island is_joined_to the mainland by a bridge.
2．He noted_down what the teacher said in his notebook.
3．A_number_of questions came up at the meeting.
4．Are there any difference_between you and him?
5．Shandong is_located_in the east part of China.
Ⅲ.短文填空
Yesterday, we paid a visit to the coral 1.reefs (礁) and 2.observed (观察) some sea creatures as well as the 3.structures (构造) of ocean 4.organisms (生物). We 5.sailed (乘船) across the 6.channel (海峡) and then went through the underwater 7.tunnel (隧道). It was a very exciting day. Next week we're going to see the 8.grand_canyon (大峡谷) located in the 9.basin (盆地), and the 10.waterfall (瀑布) located in the 11.valley (山谷). The best way to do this is to get on the 12.platform (平台) of the 13.observatory (瞭望台) and watch. You will hear the 14.waterfall (瀑布) 15.thundering (发出轰鸣声) and see 16.camels (骆驼) walking in the 17.desert (沙漠) in the 18.distance (远处)．
Ⅳ.语法填空
This is our classroom 1.whose windows face south, where there are fifty students in all, of 2.whom 23 are girls and the others are boys.
One of the most hard-working boys is Mike, 3.whose parents are both doctors and who dreams of 4.being (be) a musician. One day something 5.unusual (usual) happened. He was absent but no one knew the reason 6.why he didn't come. At last, we went to the hospital 7.where his parents worked. His mother told us he was infected with a terrible disease, because of 8.which he would be kept away from school. Then his mother showed us to the room 9.where he was being treated. We told him everything 10.that happened in the school and wished he would recover soon.
Section Ⅳ Writing——如何写新闻报道
技法指导
新闻报道是记叙文的一种，其特点是以事实为依据，对人的经历或事件给予明确的、实事求是的报道。新闻报道和新闻评论有时候是结合在一起的，所以在讲述事实之后，可以发表作者的评论。
新闻报道的语言偏正式，要求具体、准确、精练。人称可以用第三人称或第一人称。在时态方面，叙述事件用过去时，评论常用一般现在时。
[谋篇布局]
新闻报道往往分四个部分来写。
第一部分：标题。
第二部分：导语。大体交代新闻事件，主要包含新闻事件发生的时间、地点、所涉及的人物及缘由等。
第三部分：主体。描述事件过程。
第四部分：结语。总结全文或发表评论。
[常用表达]
1．导语部分
①According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after graduation.根据最近的一项调查，大约78.9%的大学生想毕业后继续深造。
②The weather was fine, and a large number of people went to climb the West Hill.
天气很好，很多人去爬西山。
③Great changes have taken place in China.
中国发生了巨大的变化。
④Thanks to Project Hope, great changes have taken place in this western country school.多亏了希望工程，西部的这所乡村学校发生了巨大的变化。
2．主体部分
①To solve the problem, some measures should be taken.为了解决这个问题，(我们)应该采取一些措施。
②As we all know, the Internet is playing an important part in our everyday life.众所周知，互联网在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。
③The number of the injured in the accident has reached more than 12.
这场事故中受伤的人已经超过12个。
3．结束语部分
①We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
②With the rapid development of society, our country will surely have a brighter future.
随着社会的快速发展，我们的国家一定会有更光明的未来。
③I suggest that the government should do something more to solve the serious problems.
我建议政府应该做更多的工作来解决这些严重的问题。
④We have every reason to believe that the development will be a great success.
我们完全有理由相信这次发展会很成功。
精品展示
5月25日，你校学生会组织了为西藏地震灾区捐款的活动。同学们踊跃参加，共筹得善款35 000元。假如你是校英语报的记者李华，请按以下要点用英语写一则新闻报道。
1．时间、地点、任务、活动；
2．同学们的反应。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计入总词数)；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Students Donate Money to Disaster Area
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
By Li Hua，
School Newspaper
[审题谋篇]
第一步：明确要求
该写作属于应用文新闻报道，主要报道为西藏地震灾区捐款的活动，故应该用一般过去时；以第一、三人称为主。
第二步： 确定段落
首段：活动简介
中段：活动背景及活动过程
尾段：心得感受
第三步： 提炼要点
1．donate_money_to_the_disaster_area 向受灾地区捐款
2．hold 举办
3．hit/shake 袭击
4．be_destroyed 被破坏
5．show_great_concern_about 非常关心
6．take_part_in_the_donation_activity 参加捐款活动
7．a_great_number_of 许多
第四步：句式升级
1．学生会在5月25日举办了一场为灾区捐款的活动。
(一般表达)The Students' Union held an activity on May 25. The activity was to donate money to the disaster area.
(高级表达)In_order_to_donate_money_to_the_disaster_area,_the Students' Union held an activity on May 25. (不定式作目的状语)
2．一些西藏地区靠近尼泊尔的房子在事故中受到破坏。(定语从句)
(一般表达)Some houses in Tibet were destroyed in the accident. The houses are close to Nepal.
(高级表达)Some houses in Tibet，which_are_close_to Nepal, were destroyed in the accident.
3．我们都知道尼泊尔发生了大地震。
(一般表达)We all know that a big earthquake hit Nepal.
(高级表达)As_is_known_to_us , a big earthquake hit Nepal.(升级为定语从句)
4．许多学生参加了在我们图书馆举行的捐赠活动。
(一般表达)Many students took part in the donation activity. The activity was held in our library.
(高级表达)Many students took part in the donation activity held_in_our_library. (过去分词作定语)
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Students Donate Money to Disaster Area
In order to donate money to the disaster area, the Students' Union held an activity on May 25.
As we know, a big earthquake hit Nepal on April 25.And some houses in Tibet, which are close to Nepal, were destroyed in the accident. Therefore, to show our concern about the victims, a great number of students in our school took part in the donation activity held in our library. It started from eight o'clock and lasted two hours. In the end, 35,000 yuan was collected and given to the Red Cross in our city.
We were very glad to give our pocket money away.
By Li Hua
School Newspaper
Unit 6 At one with nature
考艾岛尽管雨水频繁，但其雨后的彩虹，绚丽的云朵、美丽的沙滩等的确令人流连忘返。我们要树立人与自然和谐共处的理念。
Don't go to Kauai. Go to any of the other Hawaiian Islands — Maui, Lanai, the Big Island — but leave Kauai for us. The weather in Kauai is so unpredictable that sometimes it rains all day — in fact, it's the second-wettest spot on the earth. Yes, there are giant double rainbows all the time, and the sunlight through the clouds is magical. But if you are not interested in these, go somewhere else. You just can't control nature on Kauai, and who wants to surrender to nature when you could be at a fine hotel, lying in a comfortable chair next to a swimming pool, with food served upon request?
So what if Kauai produces surf champions the way Texas produces cowboys? Most of its 300 white-sand beaches are unmarked. Unless you connect with the local people, the hidden spots are hard to find. While Hanalei is the most beautiful town you've ever dreamed of, you can forget about discos and clubs. Worse, it doesn't have one single four-star restaurant. What it
does have is the original drive-through places where you pass by a rambutan tree (红毛丹树), and pick a piece of fruit.
Shopping in Kauai? Forget it — unless you are interested in shell necklaces and beautifully carved wood bowls. Kauai is not about pampering. It's about going natural and finding the nature within you. It's a do-it-yourself place that offers walking along the coast, driving and swimming in the Pacific Ocean, and lying on the beach.
Don't go to Kauai unless you have a lot of time, because there's only one road, which can be slightly dull. It winds through the beautiful scenery of waterfalls, rivers flowing into the ocean, and taro (芋头) fields. You have no choice but to look at everything, because the speed limit is 35 mph.
If you're not interested in color, don't bother with Kauai, because that's what you get — red roads, blue oceans, and a hundred different shades of green. It's like diving on land. Many people in Kauai believe that this is Lemuria — a lost island in the Atlantic. Can you imagine? Those Hawaiians, surfers, New Agers, and people who love nature and beauty and want a different quality of life — what do they know, anyway? Forget about it — you're not going to like it. Go somewhere else. Leave Kauai for us.
课时作业16 Unit 6 Section Ⅰ
Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
There was an earthquake this morning. I was working in front of my computer when it hit the city. The quake started with a sudden loud noise. I thought that something heavy in a neighbor's house probably had fallen. However, the walls and the floor began to shake. I finally realized it was an earthquake.
My son Zac, a sixteen-year-old boy, was sleeping with his door locked. Being sixteen, he can sleep through any kind of noise. “Zac！” I shouted. “Are you OK？” But nobody replied. I was a little worried. I couldn't imagine that someone was able to get such a deep sleep. The house was dancing. There were waves in the swimming pool. I was afraid the house would come down. “Zac！” I yelled, knocking on his door with an open palm (手掌). “Zac! Wake up! It's an earthquake! We need to get out！”
My son finally emerged in his underpants. We looked around the room. I knew that we should hide under a table to stop things from falling on us and stay away from glass. Unfortunately, none of our furniture was designed for hiding under. “Should we go into the garden？” Zac asked. “No, trees could fall on us！” I said. Actually, Zac had done earthquake drills (训练) at school. He must have been told to hide under a desk and cover his head. But we had nothing to cover our heads in the house.
Luckily, before we took any action, the windows stopped moving and the pool calmed down. Everything went back to normal soon. But both my son and I knew what we should do, because we knew if there had been a really big earthquake this morning, we couldn't have escaped from it.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。一场地震让作者和她儿子知道要防患于未然。
1．When the earthquake started, the author ________.
A．didn't hear anything
B．was repairing her computer
C．didn't consider it an earthquake
D．was sleeping with her door locked
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“I thought that something heavy in a neighbor's house probably had fallen. However, the walls and the floor began to shake. I finally realized it was an earthquake.”可知，作者一开始没有意识到发生了地震。故选C项。
2．According to Paragraph 2, why was the author worried?
A．Because her son seemed to be in pain.
B．Because she couldn't wake her son up.
C．Because her son was locked in his room.
D．Because she couldn't solve her son's sleep problem.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“But nobody replied. I was a little worried.”可知，作者担忧是因为她无法叫醒儿子。故选B项。
3．What problem did the author and her son face?
A．They couldn't get out of the house.
B．They couldn't stop things from falling.
C．They couldn't find anything to hide under.
D．They couldn't remember what to do in an earthquake.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Unfortunately, none of our furniture was designed for hiding under.”可知，她们家里没有任何可躲避的地方。故选C项。
4．The author and her son most probably realized they should ________.
A．replace their furniture
B．build a stronger house
C．receive earthquake drills
D．watch the weather report often
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段的“But both my son and I knew what we should do, because we knew if there had been a really big earthquake this morning, we couldn't have escaped from it.”可推断，作者和她儿子在这次地震中意识到应该未雨绸缪，为地震做好准备，故很有可能换家具。故选A项。
B
Making employees feel happy and healthy at work is good for many businesses. But it isn't always an easy thing. A research suggests that just 33% of the U．S. employees consider themselves fully engaged (投身于) at work, while 16% are actively disengaged, and 51% are just showing up.
But there is an exception. When it comes to employee engagement, it seems that employees in small companies are doing better. According to the same research, the largest U．S. companies have the lowest levels of engagement, while companies with fewer than 25 employees have the highest. And in one recent report, 75 percent of small business workers surveyed said they were “very” or “extremely” satisfied with their role as a small company employee.
Unlike big companies, small companies are often short of resources but the employees can get more surprises there. Small companies offer excellent career opportunities to their employees. The bosses often know their staff very well and understand their personal needs. Employees of small companies are more likely to receive free meals, paid leave, and they can even bring their pets to work.
But of course, there're many other draws in small businesses. One of the top draws is flexible scheduling (弹性工时). Another is being able to really see the fruits of one's labor. Besides, non-cash award is also a big draw. This could be something small that reflects employees' interests and lifestyles.
While a parental leave might lead to some financial problems, small companies may do something to improve it. “It may be impossible for a five-person team to be reduced to four for six months，” writes Camilla Velasquez, head of HR management platform Justworks. “But it could be possible to allow new parents to take on reduced hours in a work-from-home environment.” This kind of method has been realized in some small companies.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了小型企业的员工比大型企业员工的幸福感更强，并分析了原因。
5．What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A．Employees can develop better in small companies.
B．Employees can earn more money in small companies.
C．Employees in big companies are hard to be satisfied.
D．Employees in small companies are more engaged at work.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“When it comes to employee engagement, it seems that employees in small companies are doing better.”可知，相对于大公司的员工来说，小公司的员工更能很好地投入到工作中。故选D项。
6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The benefits of working for small companies.
B．The differences between small and big companies.
C．What challenges staff in small companies may face.
D．Why small companies are short of resources.
答案与解析：A 段落大意题。根据第三段的“Small companies offer excellent career opportunities...”可知，这些都是在小公司工作的好处，故选A项。
7．What does the underlined word “draws” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Choices. B．Attractions.
C．Difficulties. D．Competitions.
答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。根据下文的“flexible scheduling”， “being able to really see the fruits of one's labor”及“non-cash award”等推测，该词义为“吸引人的东西”。故选B项。
8．What can be most probably inferred from the passage?
A．Small companies may have more employees with much happiness.
B．Big companies should learn from some small companies.
C．Employees should have their own hobbies and lifestyles.
D．Employers should pay more attention to the staff's needs.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。本文主要讲了跟大型企业相比，小型企业的员工可以享受更多更好的待遇，因而他们的幸福感更强。再根据第二段的“And in one recent report, 75 percent of small business workers surveyed said they were ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ satisfied with their role as a small company employee.”所以可推测，小型企业的员工幸福感更强。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Luckily, I got four turkeys this holiday. I __1__ only one of them. I __2__ my neighbor was going through a hard time, so I decided to give one to them as a __3__.
That still __4__ me with two extra (额外的) turkeys. I __5__ to cook one of them, make sandwiches and __6__ them to an area of town where many people seem to be in need of food and a little __7__.
While I was waiting for the bus to get there, I saw two people that I thought might __8__ sandwiches. The moment they came near, I __9__ them each a sandwich, along with a smile card, and told them to have a good day. I received __10__ in return.
On the bus, a young mother got on with her little girl. I offered her a sandwich, and she __11__ accepted. Then I started giving them to other __12__， along with smile cards, and they also __13__ with smiles. By this point, I was __14__ happiness and couldn't help smiling. I felt __15__ because of that.
When we got to the bus terminal (终点), I had given away five sandwiches. The act of __16__， the care shared and the __17__ smiles just made my heart filled with so much __18__. I think what I have done is good for everyone, __19__ I will do this again soon.
Giving not only makes you feel wonderful but it also __20__ happiness to others.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者向陌生人赠送火鸡三明治，陌生人投以微笑，彼此都感到快乐。
1．A.needed B．noticed
C．ordered D．saved
答案与解析：A 根据上文的“got four turkeys this holiday”及下文的“I decided to give one to them”和“two extra turkeys”可知，作者只“需要”一只火鸡。
2．A.meant B．showed
C．knew D．proved
答案与解析：C 根据“neighbor”及“I decided to give one to them”可知，作者“知道”邻居家有困难。
3．A.prize B．gift
C．choice D．wish
答案与解析：B 根据上文的holiday及give可知，作者决定把一只火鸡作为“礼物”送给邻居家。
4．A.filled B．upset
C．provided D．left
答案与解析：D 根据上文作者需要一只，送给邻居一只及下文“two extra turkeys”可知，作者还“留下”两只火鸡。
5．A.learned B．waited
C．helped D．decided
答案与解析：D 根据第二段第一句可知，作者“决定”把火鸡做成三明治带给其他人。
6．A.mail B．lend
C．sell D．take
答案与解析：D 参考上题解析。
7．A.time B．kindness
C．luck D．experience
答案与解析：B 根据“an area of town where many people seem to be in need of food”可知，作者决定把做好的三明治带到这个城镇最需要食物和“善意”的地方。
8．A.have B．make
C．like D．buy
答案与解析：C 根据下文作者送给这两个人三明治可知，作者认为这两个人也许“喜欢”三明治。
9．A.cooked B．offered
C．found D．paid
答案与解析：B 根据下文“along with a smile card, and told them to have a good day”可知，作者“主动赠给”这两个人火鸡三明治。
10．A.money B．advice
C．smiles D．presents
答案与解析：C 根据下文“they also __13__ with smiles”可知，这两个人用“微笑”回报作者。
11．A.gladly B．secretly
C．seriously D．suddenly
答案与解析：A 根据下文“they also __13__ with smiles”可知，这对母女“高兴地”接受了。
12．A.passengers B．shoppers
C．neighbors D．drivers
答案与解析：A 作者在公交车上，所以把三明治送给其他“乘车的人”。
13．A.refused B．tried
C．accepted D．explained
答案与解析：C 根据下文“with smiles”可知，其他乘客也高兴地“接受”了。
14．A.expecting B．requesting
C．recording D．achieving
答案与解析：D 根据下文“and couldn't help smiling”可知，作者“收获”着幸福。
15．A.busy B．great
C．safe D．nervous
答案与解析：B 根据上文“I was __14__ happiness and couldn't help smiling”可知，给陌生人赠送三明治让作者觉得“棒极了”。
16．A.thinking B．love
C．giving D．bravery
答案与解析：C 根据最后一段的Giving可知，这是一种“给予”行为。
17．A.surprised B．sad
C．forced D．weak
答案与解析：A 作者给陌生人火鸡三明治，当然会让他们感到惊讶，所以他们的笑容也是“惊讶”的。
18．A.joy B．calmness
C．courage D．worry
答案与解析：A 根据上文“I was __14__ happiness and couldn't help smiling”可知，作者内心充满“喜悦”。
19．A.if B．though
C．but D．so
答案与解析：D 作者认为她所做的对每个人都有好处，“所以”她会不久再做一次。
20．A.returns B．brings
C．teaches D．serves
答案与解析：B 根据上文可知，给予也能给他人“带来”快乐。
课时作业17 Unit 6 Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
阅读理解
A
As I stuck in the mud (泥), with my bike on top of me, I wondered what had forced me to come here. Madagascar is not a good place for a cycling holiday: one of the world's poorest countries, only 11 percent of roadway is paved (铺). South of the town of Antalaha, where I started, the road was in worse condition.
I appeared from a week in the wilderness and reached the start of the Route National 5 at Maroantsetra, but my dream of a smooth road and speed was suddenly destroyed by mud. The “worst road in the country” changed my bicycle into a burden (负担) for days. Finally, I_was_claimed_by_the_road. Tired. Alone.
As I wiped (擦) the mud from my face and looked upwards, I was greeted by a Malagasy man. He helped me stand up and smiled playfully while he pointed to my bike, which sat next to his. I started again. But I fell again in the mud. Angrily, I told him to go on, but if he understood he showed no sign of it. His smile forced me back onto the bike. We continued like this for hours. But I fell less. Studying my quick guide, slowly I learned. As we passed through a village, a group of children saw me and shouted loudly. His only words were: “Their parents tell them while people steal and eat them. Funny, no？”
I tried to ask why, but he had already set off. I tried to catch up; as I got closer, he took it as a challenge and sped up. We raced along the road. I rode a little faster and I was just behind, about to catch up with him. With a smile, he sped up and was away, leaving me breathless.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在非洲马达加斯加骑行遇到困难的时候，一位当地人激励自己继续骑行的故事。
1．What was in the author's mind when he was in the mud?
A．He considered his experience a special pleasure.
B．He made up his mind to continue challenging himself.
C．He tried to think out a new road for cycling in Antalaha.
D．He regretted having the cycling holiday in Madagascar.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I wondered what had forced me to come here”及下文对马达加斯加当地路况的介绍可知，作者来到这里骑行发现路况很差，这让他后悔不已。故选D项。
2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．The author chose another road.
B．The author decided to ask for help.
C．The author lay on the road for a rest.
D．The author had no confidence to ride on.
答案与解析：D 句意理解题。根据第二段中的“but my dream of a smooth road... for days”及Tired可知，泥泞的道路使作者疲惫不堪，让他失去了继续骑行的信心。故选D项。
3．How did the Malagasy man help the author?
A．By showing him the right way.
B．By wiping the mud from his bike.
C．By riding in front of him all the way.
D．By teaching him how to ride in the mud.
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Studying my quick guide”及第四段中的“I tried to catch up; as I got closer, he took it as a challenge and sped up”可知，那个马达加斯加男人一直在作者前面骑行来鼓励他。故选C项。
4．What's the best title for the text?
A．A lonely trip B．A bicycle race
C．A lesson in cycling D．A road in Madagascar
答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。根据文中作者在马达加斯加骑行遇到困难时受到一位当地人的帮助可知，作者从中受益匪浅。故选C项。
B
Raccoons are smaller relatives of bears. They are native to North America, but they can also be found in Asia and Europe. Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water, but they can be often found near urban areas. There are about 7 different species of raccoons. Pygmy raccoon is the only endangered species.
Raccoons usually reach 40 to 70cm in length and weigh between 5-26kg. Raccoons that live in colder climates are larger and heavier. They have grayish fur, black masks around eyes and long tails covered with black and brown bands. Because of their tails, they are also called “ringtail”．
Raccoons_are_omnivores. They like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so on. Raccoon's hands look like human's. They each have five fingers and are used to collect food, open shells, door or trash cans. Raccoons often place food in water before they start to eat it. They have highly sensitive sense of touch and water increases their sensitivity even more. By touching the food, they get better insight about things they will eat.
They are easily adaptable (适应的) to various environments. They can live in hollow (中空的) trees equally happily like they can in useless cars. Raccoons live on their own and hunt at night. They don't hibernate (冬眠), but they spend the coldest days of winters in their holes.
Mating (交配) season takes place from January to mid March. Two months later, female will give birth to 3-4 babies. Their tails don't have bands, and the mask around eyes is still missing. Mother is very protective and she will teach them how to survive and what to eat as they become-ready to leave the hole. Raccoons usually can live only 1.8 to 3.1 years in the wild, but they can live up to 20 years at a zoo.
Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to home-raised animals and people, which is very dangerous. What's more, their waste often has roundworms.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了与浣熊有关的一些知识。
5．What do we learn about raccoons?
A．They love living near water.
B．They are at risk of dying out.
C．They love getting close to humans.
D．They only live in areas far from urban areas.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water”以及第三段的“Raccoons often place food in water before they start to eat it.”可推断，浣熊喜欢住在水边。故选A项。
6．What does the author most probably mean by saying “Raccoons are omnivores”？
A．They don't hibernate.
B．They are very large animals.
C．They are sensitive to foods' tastes.
D．They feed on many different types of food.
答案与解析：D 句意理解题。根据第三段的“They like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so on.”可推测，作者是指：浣熊是杂食动物。故选D项。
7．What are raccoons good at?
A．Finding food in deep water.
B．Using their feet to open food.
C．Adapting to a new environment.
D．Telling differences among smells.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段的“They are easily adaptable to various environments.”可知，浣熊很擅长在新的环境里生活。故选C项。
8．After reading the text, we can say that ________.
A．raccoons like attacking humans
B．people consider raccoons very lovely
C．raccoons and bears have a lot in common
D．it's better that humans keep away from raccoons
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据末段的“Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to home-raised animals and people, which is very dangerous. What's more, their waste often has roundworms.”可推测，人还是不要接触浣熊比较好。故选D项。
C
Angus, Doris, Gabriel and Kamil are some of the 21 names that have been chosen to be given to storms in the UK in the 2016/17 season.
The Met Office, the UK's national weather service, decided to give storms boys' and girls' names in 2015 in the same way as they did in America.
The Met Office hopes that naming big storms will mean people are more aware (意识到) of them and how dangerous they can be. Derrick Ryall, from the Met Office, said, “We have seen how naming storms elsewhere in the world raises people's awareness of storms before they break.”
In the past, the same UK storm could be given different names by different organisations. “We noticed that many organisations during the last couple of winters, when we have had bad storms, started giving names to them. Think back to the St Jude's Day storm in 2013, and the so-called Hurricane Bawbag in Scotland in 2011. But it led to confusion (混乱)，” a Met Office spokeswoman said.
According to the Met Office, there is a name for each letter of the whole alphabet (字母表), except for Q，U，X，Y and Z. That is the same as the naming tradition used in America. And not all storms will be big enough to get names — only those expected to cause great damage.
If there are more than 21 storms in a year, the Met Office will start again with another name beginning with “A”. However, according to Met Office spokeswoman Lindsay Mears, “It's unlikely we would get through the whole alphabet in one season. We had 14 storms in the very bad winter of 2013/14, and if the naming system had been in operation then we wouldn't have used the whole alphabet.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国为暴风雨命名的情况。
9．Why are storms in the UK named?
A．To increase public awareness of them.
B．To remind people of their short stay.
C．To follow what other countries did.
D．To meet the needs of its people.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“naming big storms will mean people are more aware of them and how dangerous they can be”和“how naming storms elsewhere in the world raises people's awareness of storms before they break”可推断，英国为暴风雨命名是为了增强人们对暴风雨的了解和防范意识。故选A项。
10．Examples are given in Paragraph 4 to show ________.
A．there're many storms to name in a year
B．organisations named storms differently
C．some storms' names are similar to others'
D．some storms' names are hard to understand
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。本段的主题句是“In the past, the same UK storm could be given different names by different organisations，”下文通过举例说明该主题。故选B项。
11．What do we know about the names given to storms?
A．Storms will be given names whatever their sizes.
B．Serious storms will be given boy's names.
C．21 letters will be used to begin the names.
D．21 names will be given at most in a year.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“there is a name for each letter of the whole alphabet, except for Q, U, X, Y and Z”和最后一段中的“If there are more than 21 storms in a year”可知，在为暴风雨命名的时候，会以21个字母(字母表一共26个字母，除了Q，U，X，Y，Z之外还有21个)开头。故选C项。
12．What can be learned from Lindsay Mears?
A．There are not too many big storms yearly.
B．Action will be taken to prevent storms.
C．There are usually 14 storms in a year.
D．The naming system will not change.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Lindsay Mears”所说的“It's unlikely we would get through the whole alphabet in one season. We had 14 storms in the very bad winter of 2013/14... we wouldn't have used the whole alphabet”可推断，她认为英国每年不会发生那么多暴风雨，因此不会使用完21个字母作为名字的开头来命名暴风雨。故选A项。
课时作业18 Unit 6 Section Ⅲ
Using language & Developing ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Earthquakes strike suddenly at any time of the day or night, but there's no way to tell when. If an earthquake happens, it may cause many deaths, injuries and damage. So you need a good preparation ahead of time. Decide how and where your family will get together if separated. Choose an out-of-state friend or relative that the family members can call after the quake to report where they are and how they are. Know the safe places in each room: under the strong tables, desks, or against inside walls. Keep enough food, water and other things, including a flashlight, a radio, medicines and clothing.
During the earthquake, you should keep a clear head and never be too nervous to know what to do. Protect your head and neck with your arms. If possible, take a book, a pillow or any other things to protect yourself from falling glass and ruins. If you are indoors, you must immediately lie under any strong furniture. If outdoors, move to an open area away from trees, buildings, walls or powerpoles. If you are in a narrow valley, move to the centre of it and look up for falling stones. If you are in a car, move to the side of the road and stop the car. Do not stop near buildings, power lines or on or under bridges. Stay in your car until the shaking stops.
Do not move a badly injured person unless he is in great danger after the earthquake. Do not use the telephone immediately unless there is a serious injury or fire. Turn on your radio for instructions and news reports. Be prepared for aftershocks. If you want to leave your home, post a message inside your home telling your family members where you can be found.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人们在地震前、地震中和地震后应该做的事情。
1．To prepare for an earthquake, we should make sure of ________.
A．when an earthquake may happen
B．the place where we can find our family
C．how to receive instructions and news reports
D．the money with which we can buy food and water
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句可知，要提前确定地震后家人会合的地点，故选B项。
2．If we are driving when an earthquake happens, we should ________.
A．find a strong building to hide in
B．leave the car as soon as possible
C．go on driving quickly to leave the area
D．move to the side of the road and stop there
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，如果发生地震时你在开车，要把车开到路边停下，故选D项。
3．From the passage, we know that during an earthquake ________.
A．we should keep calm and know what to do clearly
B．the trees and walls can protect us if we are outdoors
C．we should protect our necks with a pillow or a book
D．falling glass can be used to help us
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，地震时，要保持头脑冷静，不能因为太紧张而不知所措，故选A项。
4．After an earthquake, we should ________.
A．move an injured person quickly
B．use the telephone immediately
C．turn on the TV to get news reports
D．leave a message before leaving home
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知，地震后，在离开家之前，要留下信息告诉家人去哪里能找到你，故选D项。
B
All of us spend a large part of our lives at home — eating, sleeping, relaxing and communicating with our family members. Our home is a shelter for us, away from the noisy, busy, and polluted world outside — a place where we can let down our hair and dress casually. Eco-friendliness (环保) is a hot word today and we all know we should make our environment as eco-friendly as possible. This is not only good for our health, but also good for the outward environment. Here are some easy and helpful tips to make your home eco-friendly.
Kitchen
Plan the kitchen to be bright and airy so that you don't have to turn on the lights at daytime. Don't make wasteful use of the gas. Keep all ingredients for cooking ready before lighting the gas. Turn it to low when not required — always using it on “high” burns a lot of gas.
Indoor plants
Plants are extremely eco-friendly and can be used to make your home look lively. Apart from adding life to home, they give out O2, thus making the air inside fresh. You can keep plants in your home, but be sure to show them some sunlight regularly. Also, if they are kept outside, clean their leaves with a wet cloth, as dust may be added to them. A home decorated (装饰) with plants looks attractive. Plants are a natural home decorating gift that shows concern about the environment. A green plant is a wonderful gift which will protect the earth and is sure to be appreciated.
Saving water
Most of the time, we_take_water_for_granted — we keep water running while brushing our teeth or washing clothes. Needless to say, this is a huge waste of natural resources (资源). Try to recycle water. For example, the water used for washing vegetables can be used for watering plants; the soapy water used for washing clothes can be used to clean the bathroom and kitchen.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何营造环保的家园，从厨房节约能源、种植室内植物和节约用水三方面提出的建议。
5．Why is the importance of our home discussed in Paragraph 1?
A．To advise us to communicate more with our family members.
B．To show it's necessary to make our home eco-friendly.
C．To advise us to spend more time staying at home.
D．To show the outside world is noisy and polluted.
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了如何营造环保的家园，因此可推断，第一段讨论家庭的重要性是为了表明创造环保家园是有必要的，从而引出下文。故选B项。
6．What is advised to be done in the kitchen?
A．To open the window. B．To prepare simple meals.
C．To save energy. D．To turn down lights.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Don't make wasteful use of the gas.”可知，作者建议节约使用天然气，即在厨房要节约能源。故选C项。
7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．We don't realize the importance of water.
B．We try our best not to waste water.
C．We don't use water frequently.
D．We make full use of water.
答案与解析：A 句意理解题。根据画线部分后的“we keep water running while brushing our teeth or washing clothes.”可知，我们在刷牙或洗衣服时让水一直流着，因此可推测，画线句的言下之意是我们并没有意识到水的重要性。故选A项。
8．Which could be the best title for the text?
A．Live a relaxing life.
B．Create a clean and safe home.
C．Our home is a shelter for us.
D．Make your home eco-friendly.
答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。根据第一段尾句“Here are some easy and helpful tips to make your home eco-friendly.”可知，本文主要阐述如何营造环保的家园。故选D项。
Ⅱ.七选五
As we all know, friendship is of great importance in our daily life. A friend can give us help and share our difficulties and happiness. But how to make friends is still difficult for some of us. __1__
Be friendly to others. __2__ You should try to make a stranger feel at home wherever he happens to be, Think more of others than of yourself and never judge a person by his appearance and clothes.
Be reliable. If you and your friends agree to meet somewhere, don't be late. If you're not going to make it on time or make it at all, call them as soon as you realize it. __3__ Be someone that people know they can depend on.
__4__ Listen carefully to what people say, remember important details about them (their names, their likes and dislikes), ask questions about their interests, and just take time to learn more about them.
Encourage and support your friends: A true friend always gives encouragement to his friends. __5__ Never make fun of or laugh at your friends in front of others. Never leave your friends when they are in trouble. You should come to support them.
A．Be a good listener.
B．A friend to all is a friend to none.
C．When you say you'll do something, do it.
D．He will stay with them in good as well as bad times.
E．The following information can give you some tips.
F．Smile at others and you are sure to get a smile in return.
G．A true friend should always share the same interest with you.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要提供了几条交朋友、保持良好友谊的建议。
1．答案与解析：E 根据上文“But how to make friends is still difficult for some of us.”可知交朋友是难题，对此，以下信息能给你一些建议，故选E项。
2．答案与解析：F 根据上文“Be friendly to others.”可知F项“对他人微笑，你肯定也能获得微笑”符合题意。
3．答案与解析：C 根据下文“Be someone that people know they can depend on.”可知让他人信赖你，就要说到做到，故选C项。
4．答案与解析：A 根据下文“Listen carefully to what people say，remember important details about them (their names, their likes and dislikes)．..”可知要倾听朋友说话，了解他们，由此可知本段 的小标题为A项“做一个好的听众”。
5．答案与解析：D 根据上文“Encourage and support, your friends: A true friend always gives encouragement to his friends.”可知一个真正的朋友总是给予鼓励，无论朋友处于顺境还是逆境，他都会陪伴朋友，故选D项。
