Module 6 Animals in
The construction of the new Qinghai?Tibet Railroad in Kekexili, China is considered a threat to endangered animals. The railway, partially functioning since 2001, broke up the local ecosystem by separating the region’s Tibetan antelopes, blocking their migration (迁移) routes, and leaving construction waste behind. It is feared that in addition to these direct negative impacts (影响), the development of the railway will open up the area to hunters and rapidly developing local villages.
In 1995, Yang Xin founded Greenriver — the only government approved NGO (Non?Governmental Organization) for natural protection in Qinghai. He also set up the Suonandajie Nature Protection Station for environmental protection in Kekexili area. Yang Xin is devoted to protecting the endangered Tibetan antelope in Kekexili. In 1975, strict international protection for the antelopes was introduced after severe hunting throughout the 20th century — Tibetan antelope wool nearly drove them to extinction. However, today hunting is again on
the increase and the number of Tibetan antelopes is no more than 75,000. In addition to researching the biology of the antelopes, Yang Xin is running some public education programmes to raise awareness of the threats they face during migration.
Greenriver has made a successful traffic system that allows the antelopes to migrate across a major road. The system has had a measurable impact, and in June 2005, about 2,800 antelopes were seen to cross the Qinghai?Tibetan road, seven times the amount from the same period in 2004. Yang Xin is now working to find new ways to reduce the negative impact the development will have on the free migration of the antelopes.
Yang Xin received further Associate Award support from the Whitley Fund for Nature to help the continuing efforts of Greenriver in China. Within the next five years, he intends to fully incorporate (并入) the government into protection efforts.
Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre?reading
Saving the Antelopes①
On a freezing② cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking for — a group of poachers③ who were killing the endangered④ Tibetan antelope. Jiesang knew he had to move quickly. He shouted to the poachers to put down⑤ their guns. Although surprised⑥， the poachers had an advantage — there were more of them. In the battle⑦ which followed⑧ Jiesang was shot and killed. When his frozen⑨ body was found hours later, he was still holding his gun. He had given his life to save⑩ the Tibetan antelope.
①antelope/'?ntI?l??p/n.(藏)羚羊
②freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的，freezing cold(＝extremely cold)极度寒冷，具体的某一天前要用介词on。
③poacher/'p??t??/n.盗猎者；偷猎者
④endanger/In'deInd??/vt.使……处于险境；危及
endangered adj.(生命等)有(灭绝)危险的
⑤put down放下；写下；镇压
⑥Although surprised为让步状语从句的省略形式，补全应为Although they were surprised。
⑦battle/'b?tl/n.战斗
⑧which followed为定语从句，修饰先行词the battle。
⑨frozen adj.冻僵的，冰冷的
⑩give one's life to do sth.为做某事献出生命
拯救藏羚羊
[第1段译文]
1994年1月一个滴水成冰的寒冷日子，杰桑·索南达杰发现了他一直在寻找的目标——正在猎杀濒临灭绝的藏羚羊的一群偷猎者。杰桑知道，他必须迅速行动。他大声喊叫着让偷猎者放下他们的枪。偷猎者虽然感到惊慌，但他们占着人多的优势。在接下来的枪战中，杰桑被击中身亡。几个小时后，当人们发现他冻僵的尸体时，他仍然握着枪。他为拯救藏羚羊献出了生命。
At the beginning of? the twentieth century there were millions of antelopes on the Qinghai?Tibetan Plateau?. By the 1990s? the number had fallen to? about 50,000. The reason is simple: the wool of the Tibetan antelope is the most expensive in the world. It is soft, light, and warm — the ideal? coat for an animal which has to survive at high altitudes. A shawl? made from the wool? (known as “shahtoosh”， or “king of wools” in Persian) can sell for five thousand dollars. For poachers the profits? can be huge.
?at the beginning of在……的开始
?plateau/'pl?t??/n.高原
the Qinghai?Tibetan Plateau青藏高原
?by the 1990s“到20世纪90年代”，常与过去完成时态连用。
?fall to下降到……，fall by下降了
?ideal/aI'dI?l/adj.理想的
?shawl/???l/n.披肩
?过去分词短语made from the wool作定语，修饰a shawl，相当于which is made from the wool。
?profit n．利润；益处，作“利润”讲时，用huge/large或small修饰。
[第2段译文]
?20世纪初期，青藏高原上有数百万只藏羚羊。截止到20世纪90年代，藏羚羊的数目下降到了大约5万只。原因很简单：藏羚羊的毛是世界上最昂贵的毛。它又软又轻又暖和，是高海拔地区动物赖以生存的理想皮毛。一条藏羚羊毛织成的披肩?名为“沙图什”，即波斯语中的“众毛之王”?，能卖到5 000美元。这对偷猎者来说利润是丰厚的。
Often working at night?， the poachers shoot whole herds? of antelopes at a time， leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much. The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India, where it is made into the shawls. From there, it is exported to rich countries in North America and Europe. The business is completely illegal — there has been a ban on the trade since 1975. But in the 1990s the shawls came into fashion among rich people. A police raid on a shop in London found 138 shawls. About 1,000 antelopes — or 2 per cent of the world’s population — had been killed to make them.
?现在分词短语working at night作伴随状语。
?herd/h??d/n.牧群；兽群
a herd of一群；herds of一群群
at a time一次，at one time从前，曾经
worth/w??θ/adj.值……钱
be (well) worth doing ...……(很)值得做
现在分词短语leaving only the babies作结果状语；whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the babies。
skin/skIn/vt. (skinned，skinned)剥皮；去皮
spot/sp?t/n.(某事发生的)准确地点；现场
on the spot当场
where ...为非限制性定语从句，修饰India。
export v．出口，(反义词)import v．进口
a ban on表示“……方面的禁令”。
come into fashion成为时尚；开始流行起来
raid/reId/n.& vt.(警方的)突击搜查
population n．这里指“藏羚羊的总数目”。
[第3段译文]
?那些偷猎者常常在夜里出动，一次就捕杀掉整群的藏羚羊，只留下那些毛不那么值钱的幼崽。那些被猎杀的藏羚羊被就地剥皮，羊毛被运送到印度，在那里被制成披肩。然后出口到北美和欧洲的富裕国家。这种贸易是完全违法的——自1975年以来一直被禁止。但是到了20世纪90年代，这种藏羚羊毛披肩在有钱人中间流行开来，成为时尚。在伦敦，警察在对一家商店的一次突击搜查中竟发现了138条披肩。?这就意味着?大约1 000只藏羚羊——或者全球总数的2%——被猎杀来做这些披肩。
In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve — the huge national park on the Qinghai?Tibetan Plateau, which is the main habitat of the antelopes. Over the next ten years about 3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated. Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.
But today the government seems to be winning the battle. The number of poachers has fallen. The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country, and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres. Meanwhile， in those countries where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers. International co?operation seems to be working. Since 1997 the antelope population has slowly begun to grow again.
take an active part in积极参加/参与
the main habitat主要的栖息地
which ...antelopes为非限制性定语从句，修饰the Qinghai?Tibetan Plateau。
confiscate/'k?nfI?skeIt/vt.没收
in which为“介词＋关系代词”结构，引导定语从句，修饰先行词the one。
seem to be doing似乎正在做……
the number of ……的数量/数目
who work in the reserve为定语从句，修饰officials。
in the reserve在保护区
condition/k?n'dI?n/n.(?s)环境；情况
表示“环境”多用复数形式。
who come from ...和who are ready for ...为并列的定语从句，修饰volunteers。
meanwhile/'mi?n?waIl/adv.同时
in the meanwhile与此同时，在此期间
get tough with对……采取强硬、严厉措施
dealer/'di?l?/n.(尤指买卖贵重商品的)商人
[第4～5段译文]
在20世纪90年代，中国政府开始积极参与保护在可可西里自然保护区的藏羚羊——这是青藏高原上的大型国家公园，是藏羚羊的主要栖息地。在接下来的10年中，大约有3 000名偷猎者被抓获并有300辆汽车被没收。有时，还会发生枪战。像杰桑·索南达杰就是在其中的一次枪战中牺牲的。?但如今，政府似乎正在赢得这场战争，偷猎者的人数下降了。在保护区工作的一小组政府官员得到了来自全国各地的并且愿意忍受海拔5 000米的恶劣生活环境的志愿者们的支援。同时，在那些出售藏羚羊毛披肩的国家，警方开始严厉打击藏羚羊毛披肩的贩卖者。国际合作似乎也取得成效。自1997年以来，藏羚羊的数目已开始慢慢回升。
Pre?reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．worth A．to make sure that sb./sth. is not harmed
2．battle B．to put sb./sth. in a situation in which they could be harmed
3．ideal C．to try very hard to do sth.when it is difficult
4．protect D．having a value in money
5．struggle E．perfect
6．endanger F．a fight between armies
7．reserve G．while sth. else is happening
8．meanwhile H．a piece of land that is a protected area for animals and plants, etc.
1～5________ 6～8________
答案：1～5 DFEAC 6～8 BHG
Lead?in
Look at the following pictures of endangered animals and match them.
A．Tibetan antelope B．Milu deer
C．Giant Panda D．South China Tiger
答案：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A
While?reading
Fast?reading
1．Look at the picture and the title, and then guess what the passage is mainly about.
The passage is mainly about how_to_save_the_endangered_animal_—_antelope.
2．What’s the purpose of the passage?
To_introduce_something_about_antelopes_and_call_on_us_to_protect_them.
Careful?reading
(Ⅰ)Read the passage carefully, and then judge which of the following is true (T) or false (F)．
1．A large number of antelopes have been killed for their meat.(F)
2．The business of the antelope wool is illegal but it is not easy to be stopped.(T)
3．The Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes.(T)
4．Little progress has been made in protecting the antelopes.(F)
5．International co?operation on protecting antelopes is also progressing.(T)
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answers according to the text.
1．Why was Jiesang looking for the poachers?
A．To fight with them.
B．To join the hunting.
C．To stop them from killing the antelopes.
D．To ask them to hunt.
2．The poachers were surprised at ________.
A．Jiesang’s order to ask them to put down their guns
B．Jiesang’s quick movement
C．Jiesang’s bravery
D．being found by Jiesang
3．The quick decrease of the antelopes is due to ________.
A．the freezing and bad living conditions
B．their expensive wool
C．the illegal export of the shawls
D．the killing from the poachers
4．What has the Chinese government done to protect the antelopes in the past years?
A．The government has passed laws to ban the trade of the wool from the antelopes.
B．The government has set up nature reserves.
C．The government has caught the poachers and confiscated their vehicles.
D．All of the above.
5．Which of the following statements is NOT the reason for the increase of the antelopes?
A．The Chinese government has won the battle against the poachers.
B．The Chinese government has taken an active part in protecting the antelopes.
C．Many volunteers come from all over the country to help.
D．The cooperation between the countries.
答案：1～5 CCDDA
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 那些偷猎者常常在夜里出动，一次就捕杀掉整群的藏羚羊，只留下那些毛不那么值钱的幼崽。
2．In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve — the huge national park on the Qinghai?Tibetan Plateau, which is the main habitat of the antelopes.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 在20世纪90年代，中国政府开始积极参与保护在可可西里自然保护区的藏羚羊——这是青藏高原上的大型国家公园，是藏羚羊的主要栖息地。
3．The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country, and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 在保护区工作的一小组政府官员得到了来自全国各地的并且愿意忍受海拔5_000米的恶劣生活环境的志愿者们的支援。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Though much effort and many resources have been spent in protecting the endangered giant panda, research by an international team of scientists shows that much suitable panda habitat is outside the nature reserves and areas where the panda is reported to live.
“This research can help the Chinese government and international nongovernmental organizations develop full strategic (战略上的) plans for more effective conservation of the panda，” said Jianguo “Jack” Liu, MSU University Distinguished Professor of fisheries and wildlife.
“Overall, about 40 percent of the suitable habitat for pandas is inside the nature reserves，” said Andres Vina, a specialist. “But we have also identified potentially suitable habitat outside the reserves.”
The giant panda is the rarest member of the bear family. Pandas once ranged throughout most of China, northern Vietnam and northern Myanmar. Today, fewer than 1,600 giant pandas live in the wild in three Chinese provinces: Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan. Human actions — including logging (伐木), residential development and the expansion of farming — are considered the main reasons for the dramatic decrease of the giant panda’s habitat.
The research team developed habitat models using geographical and environmental information gathered by satellites overlaid with information on panda occurrence. After analyzing six mountain regions in the three provinces where pandas are known to live, the scientists developed a habitat suitability index (索引) for the entire 48,328 square?mile area. The range?wide habitat analysis model gives the government and other agencies a new tool as they develop conservation strategies not only for pandas but also for many other endangered species.
“The Chinese government plans to add about 69,500 square miles of land to the country’s nature reserve system between 2010 and 2020，” said Ouyang Zhiyun, director of the Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. “So opportunities exist to create new reserves, to expand existing reserves and to create pathways that increase the connectivity among the reserves. On the basis of our results, we suggest some new areas be included in China’s nature reserve system.”
语篇解读：中国的大熊猫是一种珍贵的濒临灭绝的动物。那么造成它们濒临灭绝的原因有哪些？我们该采取什么措施来保护大熊猫呢？
1．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．China has made lots of efforts to protect the giant panda.
B．Pandas live better only outside the nature reserves.
C．More plans should be created to protect the giant pandas.
D．Liu Jianguo is a professor who devotes himself to fisheries and wildlife.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Though much effort”可知A项正确；根据第二段的“develop full strategic (战略上的) plans for more effective conservation of the panda”可知C项正确；根据第二段的“Professor of fisheries and wildlife”可知D项正确；第一段说自然保护区外还有许多适合大熊猫生存的栖息地，并没说大熊猫在外面生活得更好，故选B。
2．The purpose of developing habitat models is ________.
A．to know where pandas actually live in China
B．to build a larger nature reserve for the pandas
C．to develop conservation strategies for endangered species
D．to give governments a warning
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“...not only for pandas but also for many other endangered species.”可知答案为C项。
3．The underlined word “overlaid” in the fifth paragraph probably means “________”．
A．covered B．connected
C．coped D．varied
解析：选A 词义猜测题。此处表达：由卫星收集的信息覆盖着熊猫出现的信息。be overlaid with“被……覆盖着”。
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Ouyang Zhiyun hopes more areas will become nature reserves in China.
B．China has about 69,500 square miles of nature reserves now.
C．The existing reserves will remain the same.
D．The existing reserves shouldn’t be expanded.
解析：选A 推理判断题。从最后一段的“to create, to expand, be included”可以推断出他希望在中国有越来越多的保护区出现，故选A项。
B
George was a game warden (猎物繁殖和保护区的管理员) in Kenya. One day, he found three tiny lions beside a dead lioness. They were so little that their eyes had not yet opened. Sadly, he took the three little lions and drove back home.
When George got out of the car with the baby lions, his wife Joy Adamson immediately took over. Joy had cared for many young animals over the years, but she had never tried to raise baby lions! However, she was determined to save these babies.
The lions grew rapidly. But as the lions grew bigger and stronger, Joy and George realized they could not keep three large lions. They decided to present two of the lions to a zoo; they would keep the smallest lion, which they named Elsa.
Joy and George taught Elsa to hunt and to protect herself. Elsa liked to play with her human friends, but as Elsa grew to her adult size, this play became dangerous. More than once, Elsa knocked Joy to the ground, scratching (抓伤) her. Joy and George both realized that it was time to find Elsa a new home. They knew she needed a wild home where she could live the life she was born to lead. Finally, Joy and George decide to set Elsa free in Meru Park at the foot of Mt. Kenya.
Elsa never forgot Joy and George. Whenever they camped nearby, Elsa would come to visit, rubbing her head against their legs in greeting.
Joy missed Elsa, but was happy that she had made a successful life as a wild lion. Joy wrote a book about Elsa, Born Free, which became an international bestseller. Joy traveled all over the world, talking about the importance of saving the wild animals of the world.
Joy lived out her life in Africa, working with wild animals. She wrote more books about her experiences. Her heartfelt interest in animals and her great love for Elsa helped inspire (激发) a worldwide movement to protect wildlife. For Joy Adamson, there was no greater gift than the beauty and spirit of wild animals, living free.
语篇解读：文章主要讲述了Joy Adamson和三只被收养的狮子幼崽之一Elsa的故事，以及她为保护野生动物所做出的贡献。
5．When George took the three lions home, his wife________.
A．advised him to give them to a zoo
B．was frightened by their appearance
C．was unwilling to care for them
D．had a great love for them
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Joy Adamson immediately took over” 以及下文描述Joy多年来一直照料其他小动物可知，Joy第一眼看到三只狮子幼崽时就对它们爱不释手。
6．Joy and George set Elsa free because________.
A．Elsa scratched Joy
B．there wasn’t enough food for Elsa
C．Elsa was big and strong
D．Elsa was a danger to their neighbors
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“as Elsa grew to her adult size”以及“They knew she needed ... to lead”可知，随着Elsa长大，Joy和George的家已经限制了Elsa的成长，而且Elsa对他们也很危险，不再适合她继续待下去。
7．What do we know about the book Born Free from the text?
A．It became very popular.
B．It is mainly about Joy’s experiences in Meru Park.
C．It focuses on wild animals in Kenya.
D．It helped change people’s attitude towards wildlife.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“which became an international bestseller”可知选A项。
8．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Joy Adamson: living with lions
B．Elsa: lion raised by a human
C．Born Free: a wonderful book
D．George: a game warden
解析：选A 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了Joy Adamson和三只被收养的狮子幼崽之一Elsa的故事，以及她为保护野生动物所做出的贡献，由此可知A项标题最贴切、全面。
C
A few years ago, I read about an eight?year?old girl who studied elephant poaching(偷猎) in school and made a poster for her local grocery store. The slogan read, “Save the elephants. Don’t buy Ivory Soap, or they will die out.” What the girl had done taught me a lesson. Since then, I have looked at eight?year?olds in a different way. As an environmental educator, I used to teach eight?year?olds about the harm of elephant poaching, rainforest destruction, and global warming. I had a degree in natural science — but not in child development. What did I think I was accomplishing by putting my environmental concerns on the shoulders of kids who still believe in fairy tales (童话故事)．
Kids develop the fear of nature when their primary contact with the natural world is hearing bad news about the environment. If I wanted to inspire conservation action, I needed to change my ways, but how? I came across some research by psychologist Louise Chawla. She wanted to know what had gone on in the childhoods of adults who are good environmental citizens. She found two things most common. They had free time to explore the rivers or woods down the street, and they had an adult in their lives who was enthusiastic about the natural world. I understand now that what turned me into a good person today was a childhood spent playing in the field and having a dad who knew that finding a lobster(龙虾)under a rock was better than finding treasure.
So that’s what I was doing when I was eight years old — looking under rocks, climbing trees, and picking wild flowers. I didn’t know a thing about the Clean Air Act that was being debated in congress at that time. I didn’t hear a lot of environmental problems. But I built a relationship with nature and I grew up to care. Now I treat my own kids like the child I was. My kids turn off the water when they brush their teeth and turn off the lights when they leave a room.
语篇解读：人类赖以生存的大自然正在被严重破坏，保护环境应该从孩子抓起，帮助孩子从小建立与自然的关系。
9．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?
A．The author felt very proud of herself.
B．The author took action to save the elephants.
C．The author thought her teaching was a failure.
D．The author doubted the natural science.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“What did I think ... believe in fairy tales (童话故事)？”以及第二段的“I needed to change my ways”可知，作者认为自己的教育方法是不可取的。
10．How do children react when learning about environmental problems?
A．They tend to ignore the problems.
B．They become scared of nature.
C．They hate to learn natural science.
D．They want to help solve the problems.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Kids develop the fear ... bad news about the environment.”可知，让孩子们了解了环境问题会导致他们对大自然产生恐惧。
11．The author mentions the research in order to show ________.
A．how to have a happy childhood
B．what the best way to get close to nature is
C．how to change children’s bad behavior
D．what makes children care about the environment
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She wanted to know what ... environmental citizens.”可知，该研究主要解释了是什么影响了孩子，让他们长大后为保护环境出一份力。
12．What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A．The harm of hunting animals to the environment and mankind.
B．The causes of environmental problems we are facing.
C．The importance of encouraging kids to protect nature.
D．The right methods of developing children’s idea of nature.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。本文主要阐述了教育和环境保护之间的关系，作者通过实例论述了一个道理：让孩子拥有环保思想的正确教育方式不是让他们感到害怕，而是让他们心中充满对大自然的爱。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How many times has life overwhelmed (压垮) you? It’s okay. __1__ The world moves at a breathtaking speed and many people have similar feelings. Where do you start, and when will it end? Relax. Here are some magic tricks to simplify your life.
Choose to be happy. At a young age, we’re taught that there are winners and losers. Life becomes a game to earn the most points, often measured in dollars. __2___ I’m not saying that we shouldn’t set goals, just the opposite. This requires a decision to be happy, to live in the present. In other words, be grateful for what you have. Appreciate what is in front of you. When you can do that, it will be easier to achieve the impossible.
Imagine it’s the last day on Earth. __3__ What would you do, and who would you do it with? Would you quit your job, or spend the rest of the day with your family? Life is too short and you shouldn’t waste it in being miserable. So decide what is important, and let go of the rest.
__4__ Imagine you are in a building, and there is a tower next door right after a plane hits it. The lights go out. The room turns black. You’re halfway down the stairs when the stairwell (楼梯井) is damaged because of the collapse of the tower next door. You survive, but just narrowly. You escape with your life and nothing else. Your job is gone, and so are your friends and coworkers.
That’s the story of what happened to thousands of people after 9/11, and the lessons you can learn from them are many. __5__ No one can take away what is in your mind, the experiences you’ve had, or the wisdom you’ve gained. Everything else is just window dressing.
A．It happens to everyone.
B．Hang around with good people.
C．Along the way, we lose our soul.
D．What if the world is about to end?
E．Don’t listen to those who have given up.
F．The simple truth is that life is what matters.
G．Think about what you would do if you lost everything.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了几种让生活简单化的方法。
1．选A 本句对上一句的观点作进一步解释，说明不必担心的理由，后文的“many people have similar feelings”也可作为提示。
2．选C 根据本段主题句“Choose to be happy.”和后文的“This requires a decision to be happy”等信息可知，本句强调精神方面的，说明了在人生游戏中人们的一个结果：我们逐渐地失去了自己的灵魂。
3．选D 本句进一步解释了本段的主题句。
4．选G 本句为本段的主题句，综述了本段的主要内容。
5．选F 通过前面 “9·11事件”的例子，这里总结了一个简单的人生结论，且根据后文的“No one can take away ... you’ve gained.”可知，生命很重要。
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Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1．reserve n． 保护区；保护圈 2．habitat n. 栖息地 3．struggle n. 挣扎；斗争 4．wildlife n. 野生生物 5．battle n. 战斗 6．ideal adj. 理想的 7．skin vt. 剥皮；去皮 8．spot n. (某事发生的)准确地点；现场 9．condition n. (?s)环境；情况 10．meanwhile adv. 同时 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．endanger vt.使……处于险境；危及→endangered adj.濒危的→danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的 2．extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的→extinction n．灭绝 3．protect vt.保护→protection n．保护 4．worth adj.值……钱→(同义词)worthwhile adj.值得的 5．dealer n．(尤指买卖贵重商品的)商人→deal n．&v.交易；买卖 1.reserve n．保护区；保护圈 [词块] ①natural reserve自然保护区 ②wildlife reserve野生动物保护区 2．wildlife n．野生生物 [记法] wild (adj.野生的)＋life (n.生物) 3．battle n．战斗 [联想] war; campaign 4．plateau n．高原 [记法] plat? (＝flat，表示“平坦”)＋eau [联想] ①plain n．平原 ②hill n．丘陵 ③mountain n．山脉 ④range n．山脉 5．ideal adj.理想的 [记法] idea(想象，想法)＋l→想象中的，理想的，完美的 [词块] ①ideal world理想世界 ②ideal money虚拟货币 ③ideal jobs理想职业 6．meanwhile adv.同时 n．其时，期间 [同义] ①meantime n．其时，期间 adv.同时②at the same time同时
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.in danger 在危险中 2．thanks to 幸亏；多亏 3．according to 根据 4．put down 放下；写下 5．have an advantage 有优势 6．give one’s life to do sth. 为做某事献出生命 7．at a time 一次 8．on the spot 在现场 9．take an active part in 积极参加 10．get tough with ... 对……采取强硬措施 1.on a freezing cold day 在一个极度寒冷的日子 2．at the beginning of the twentieth century 在20世纪初期 3．at high altitudes 在高海拔地区 4．be made from the wool 由皮毛制成 5．in the 1990s 在二十世纪九十年代 6．come into fashion 成为时尚；开始流行起来 7．the main habitat 主要的栖息地 8．work in the reserve 在保护区工作
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.Although surprised, the poachers had an advantage — there were more of them. 偷猎者虽然感到惊慌，但他们占着人多的优势。 Although surprised是让步状语从句的省略形式。 Although_born_in_a_poor_family, he never gives up his dream. 尽管出身于贫苦家庭，但他从未放弃自己的梦想。
2.Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much. 那些偷猎者常常在夜里出动，一次就捕杀掉整群的藏羚羊，只留下那些毛不那么值钱的幼崽。 leaving only the babies为现在分词作结果状语。 The little boy fell, striking_hishead against the door and cutting it. 那个小男孩跌倒了，头碰在门上磕破了。
3.But today the government seems to be winning the battle. 但如今，政府似乎正在赢得这场战争。 seem to be doing ...意为“似乎正在做……”。 The teacher seemed_to_be singing a song when I passed by his office. 当我经过老师的办公室时，他好像在唱歌。
1．(教材P51)But the Siberian tiger is not the only endangered species.
但是西伯利亚虎并非唯一濒临灭绝的物种。
?endanger vt.使……处于险境；危及
(1)endangered adj. 濒临灭绝的
(2)danger n. 危险
in danger (of) 处于(……)危险中
out of danger 脱离危险
(3)dangerous adj. 危险的
①That one mistake has seriously endangered the future of the company.
仅那一个失误就严重危及公司的未来。
②The people are in_danger;_we must help them off.
人们处境危险，我们必须帮助他们离开。
③The sick man is in_danger_of death.
这位病人有死亡的危险。
④Now that the patient is out_of_danger,_the doctor is no longer in attendance.
既然病人已经脱离危险期，医生就不用再照料他了。
[辨析比较] in danger, dangerous
in danger 意为“在危险中；处于危险的状态”
dangerous 意为“危险的”，指某人或某物对别人有危害
形象记忆
2．(教材P51)The question is: What can we do to help them in their struggle for survival?
问题是：在它们为生存而挣扎的过程中，我们能做些什么来帮助它们？
?struggle n．&vi.挣扎；斗争；奋斗
struggle with/against ... 和……作斗争
struggle for ... 为……而奋斗
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
①A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.
外语是一种生存的武器。
②The two leaders are struggling for power.
那两个领导人正在争夺权力。
③He struggled to_overcome (overcome) his shortcomings.
他努力克服缺点。
④He was badly injured in the accident, but struggled_to_his_feet.
他在事故中受伤严重，但还是挣扎着站了起来。
3．(教材P51)an area of land where animals are protected
一个动物受到保护的地方
?protect vt.保护
(1)protect sb./sth. from (doing) sth.使……免于……
protect sb./sth. against sth.防止……免受……
(2)protection n． 保护
under the protection of 在……的保护下
①She wore a hat to protect her skin from the sun.
她戴帽子保护她的皮肤不受日晒。
②A long thin wool coat and a purple headscarf protected her against the wind.
一件薄薄的羊毛长外套和一条紫色的头巾为她挡了风。
③Little children live under_the_protection_of their parents.
小孩是在父母的保护下生活的。
[辨析比较] protect, defend, guard
“保护，保卫”，强调采取某种措施或提供某种保护以免受到损害
“保卫，防御”，指用武力或其他手段抵御外来侵略或危险
“守卫，警卫”，强调看守某种东西，以防备危险
选用以上单词填空
④We should defend our homeland when she is attacked.
⑤He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
⑥There is no one to guard the building against strangers.
[名师点津] 表示“阻止某人做某事/阻止某事发生”的短语还有：
①prevent sb./sth.(from) doing(用于被动语态时from不可省略)
②stop sb./sth.(from) doing(用于被动语态时from不可省略)
③keep sb./sth. from doing (from在主动语态和被动语态中都不可省略)
4．(教材P52)He shouted to the poachers to put down their guns.
他大声喊叫着让偷猎者放下他们的枪。
?put down放下；写下，记下；镇压，平定；让乘客下车
[一词多义] 写出下列句中put down的含义
①Make sure that you put down every word she says.写下，记下
②Put down that book and help your mother with the dishes.放下
③The bus stopped at the station to put down one or two passengers.让乘客下车
④In 24 hours the general had entirely put down the rebellion.镇压，平定
put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加体重
put ...away 把……收起来
put aside 储存；保留；忽视；不理睬
put forward 提出；将……提前；拨快(时钟指针)
put up 举起，抬起；张贴，挂起；建造
put off 推迟；拖延
put back 将……放回；推迟；拨慢(钟表指针)
put out 扑灭；发行；出版
put up with 忍受；容忍
⑤Encourage children to_put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.
鼓励孩子们存下一部分零花钱来购买圣诞礼物。
⑥I can put_up_with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏。
5．(教材P52)He had given his life to save the Tibetan antelope.
他为拯救藏羚羊献出了生命。
?give one’s life为……而献身，把一生献给……，赋予……生命(活力)
come to life 苏醒过来；变得更有趣
give one’s life to do sth. 为做某事献出生命
devote one’s life to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事
lead/live a ...life 过着……日子/生活
①He gave his life for the cause of peace.
他为和平事业献出了生命。
②The injured came_to_life after a long time.
过了很长时间，那位伤员才苏醒过来。
③He devoted_his_life_to_teaching the children who lived in the mountain areas.
他致力于教育生活在山区的孩子们。
6．(教材P53)A shawl made from the wool (known as “shahtoosh”， or “king of wools” in Persian) can sell for five thousand dollars.
一条藏羚羊毛织成的披肩(名为“沙图什”，即波斯语中的“众毛之王”)，能卖到5 000美元。
?be made from由……制成(从成品中看不出原材料)
be made of 由……制造(能看出原材料)
be made in 在……地方制造(指明成品的产地)
be made into 被制成……(强调制成品)
be made by 被……制造(指明成品的制造者)
be made up of 由……组成(强调组成部分)
①Paper in that store is made from wood.
那家商店的纸是用木材制成的。
②Glass can be made into all kinds of bottles.
玻璃能被制成各种各样的瓶子。
③The world is_made_up_of seven continents and four oceans.
世界是由七个大洲和四个大洋组成的。
7．(教材P53)．..leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.
……只留下那些毛不那么值钱的幼崽。
?worth adj.值……钱；值得的
①This painting is worth 100 yuan.
这幅画值100元。
②The house is_worth_a_lot_of_money.
这栋房子值很多钱。
③He has decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worth buying (buy)．
他已经决定去看一下那所房子，看看是否值得买。
[辨析比较] worth, worthy, worthwhile
易混词 搭配和句式
worth be (well) worth sth.(很)值……钱 be (well) worth doing ……(很)值得做 It is (well) worth doing sth. 做某事(很)值得
worthy be worthy of sth.值得…………值得被做
worthwhile It＋be worthwhile doing/to do sth. 某事值得做
选用以上单词填空
④The book is worth reading.
＝The book is worthy of being read.
＝The book is worthy to be read.
＝It is worthwhile reading/to read the book.
[名师点津] 如果说“很值得”，应说be well worth，而不能用very/very much/quite worth等。
The scheme is well worth a try.
这个计划很值得试一试。
[巧学助记] This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated. So I feel that all your effort isn’t worthwhile.
这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。因此我觉得你的所有努力是不值得的。
8．(教材P53)The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India ...
那些被猎杀的藏羚羊被就地剥皮，羊毛被运送到印度……
?spot n．(某事发生的)准确地点；现场 vt.发现；认出；玷污；弄脏
(1)on the spot 当场，在现场
(2)spot sb./sth. doing sth. 发现某人/物在做某事
be spotted with 满是……斑点
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot.
另外，会有著名的艺术家现场表演如何剪纸。
②Neighbours spotted smoke coming (come) out of the house.
邻居们发现有烟从这所房子里冒出来。
③The floor was_spotted_with paint.
地板上满是油漆斑点。
9．(教材P53)．..and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres.
……并且他们为海拔5 000米处艰苦的生活条件做好了准备。
?condition n．(?s)环境；情况
on no condition 决不，无论如何都不
on condition that ... 在……条件下；倘若
be in/out of condition 身体好/欠佳
be in good/bad condition 处于良好的/糟糕的状态
①He is in_no_condition/out_of_condition to travel.
他的健康状况不宜于旅行。
②He can use the bicycle on_condition_(that) he returns it tomorrow.
他可以使用这辆自行车，条件是明天必须归还。
③Last month I bought a used car in_good_condition.
上个月我买了一辆状况良好的二手车。
④On no condition will_we_accept such unfair condition.
我们决不接受如此不公平的条件。
[名师点津] (1)condition表示“(工作、生活或住房等)条件”时，通常要用复数形式；而表示“状况”时，则为不可数名词。
(2)on no condition位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即将句子中的助动词、系动词、情态动词等置于主语之前。
10．(教材P53)Meanwhile, in those countries where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers.
同时，在那些出售藏羚羊毛披肩的国家，警方开始严厉打击藏羚羊毛披肩的贩卖者。
?meanwhile adv.同时；其间，在此期间
①Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house.
母亲去购物；与此同时，我打扫屋子。
②The doctor will see you again next week. Meanwhile, you must rest as much as possible.
医生下周还会来给你看病。在此期间，你一定要尽可能多休息。
[名师点津] 有时meanwhile被用来强调两种截然不同的情况。in the meanwhile也表示“同时”。
③I went to college. Meanwhile,_all my friends got well?paid jobs.
我去上大学了。那时我的朋友全都找到了收入不错的工作。
[辨析比较] meanwhile, during, while
meanwhile 表示“在……期间”时，是副词，在句中单独作状语；表示“同时”，与at the same time意思相同
during 表示“在……期间”，是介词，后接名词或代词
while 表示“在……期间”，是连词，引导时间状语从句
选用以上单词填空
④There will be one ten?minute interval during the performance.
⑤I think I’d better sell the car while it is still running.
⑥Carl is starting college in September. Meanwhile,_he’s traveling around Europe.
1．Although surprised, the poachers had an advantage — there were more of them.
偷猎者虽然感到惊慌，但他们占着人多的优势。
Although surprised是一个省略的让步状语从句，其完整的形式为：Although the poachers were surprised。在主从复合句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语为动词be时，从句中可以省略主语和动词be。
①Although tired, they went on working.
虽然他们很累，但他们还是继续工作。
(1)符合省略条件的状语从句有：时间(when, while)，地点(where)，条件(if, unless)，方式(as if)，让步(even if/though, although/though)状语从句等
(2)省略后从句的形式：连词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词
②While (they were) building the tunnel, the workers discovered an underground lake.
建隧道时，工人们发现了一个地下湖。
③Unless_(you_are)_asked to speak, you should remain silent at the meeting.
开会时，除非让你发言，否则你应当保持沉默。
[名师点津] 状语从句省略口诀：
状从省略很好记，时、条、让、方、地；
主语同，谓语be，二者省去不可惜；
从句若有it be，照样省去莫迟疑。
2．Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.
那些偷猎者常常在夜里出动，一次就捕杀掉整群的藏羚羊，只留下那些毛不那么值钱的幼崽。
leaving only the babies是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，其前面可以加thus。
①His parents died in an accident, thus leaving him living with his grandparents.
他的父母在一次事故中去世了，因此留下他和爷爷奶奶生活在一起。
②Ben won the first prize in the match, making_his_parents_very_happy.
本在竞赛中获得一等奖，这使得他的父母很高兴。
③He woke up and looked out of the window, only to_find (find) the world outside greatly changed.
他醒了，向窗外看了看，结果发现外面的一切都变了。
[名师点津] 动词不定式也可以作结果状语，但表示出乎意料的结果，其前面常加only。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In our opinion, the tiger is a kind of dangerous animal, for it is large and violent, but now it is facing its own danger;_that is, because people kill it without strict and effective limits, now it is endangered.(danger)
2．The human being is struggling with/against environmental pollution.
3．Flowers in our garden are well protected from/against the terrible rainstorm.
4．If you still have any other questions, please put them down on your notebook.
5．It rained heavily in the town on end, causing (cause) a serious flood.
6．It is worthwhile to travel to Beijing which is worth visiting; that is, Beijing is worthy of being visited.(worth)
7．She opened the present on the spot, which delighted me very much.
8．The bridge made of stone dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
9．He can use my bicycle on the condition that he returns it tomorrow.
10．Even if invited (invite), he won’t come.
Ⅱ.选词填空
endangered species， protect ... from ...， put down， give one's life to， on the
spot， be made from， in poor condition， take part in
1．Paper has been_made_from the fibres of plants for many years.
2．The number of endangered_species increases every year with their natural habitats disappearing.
3．We not only study hard, but also take_part_in all kinds of activities.
4．Ham gave_his_life_to save the fisherman from the storm at sea.
5．The doctor was on_the_spot a few minutes after the accident.
6．Special attention should be paid to protecting forests from fires in winter.
7．Please put_down the address before you forget it.
8．The primary school is in_poor_condition,_which worries many parents and teachers.
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A line of forts was built along the border to protect (保护) the country against attack.
2．The location of the new house is ideal (理想的)．
3．That mistake seriously endangered (危及) the future of the company.
4．There is always beautiful scenery in nature reserves (保护区)．
5．If we don’t protect this kind of animals, they will be extinct (灭绝的) soon.
6．The teacher confiscated Tom’s smartphone because she saw him playing it in class.
7．Many slaves were killed during their struggle against slave owners.
8．The doctor will see you again next week.Meanwhile,_you must rest as much as possible.
9．The sea is a habitat for many fishes and plants.
10．The labor union organized a 24?hour nationwide strike, demanding better working conditions.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．If we want to live in harmony with nature, we must protect the environment and the endanger animals and plants.endanger→endangered
2．The man struggled against his feet and then walked out of the room.against→to
3．Thanks for his timely help, we are out of danger now.for→to
4．Something must be done to protect the rare birds from be endangered.第二个be→being
5．The Palace Museum is well worth visited again.visited→visiting
6．George returned after the war, only find that his home had been destroyed.only后加to
7．He was hit by a falling tree that night and killed in the spot.in→on
8．Celebrating Valentine’s Day came into the fashion many years ago in China, and flower shops can sell dozens of roses at a time.去掉the
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．We should take measures to_protect_the_endangered_tigers.
我们应采取措施来保护濒临灭绝的老虎。
2．Although_small,_the kitchen is well designed.
厨房虽小，但设计巧妙。
3．When did that style of clothes come_into_fashion?
那种样式的衣服什么时候开始流行的？
4．The government has_decided_to_get_tough_with those who break the law.
政府已经决定采取强硬措施对付那些违法的人。
5．It rained heavily in Hubei on end, causing_a_serious_flood.
湖北连续下大雨，造成严重的洪涝。
6．That murderer was arrested by the police on_the_spot.
那名凶手被警察当场逮捕。
7．They seemed_to_be_looking_for something on the ground.
他们似乎正在地上寻找什么东西。
8．It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner; in_the_meanwhile,_I’ll set the table.
如果你到商店买来我们晚饭所需要的东西，这就算帮大忙了；在此期间，我将摆好餐桌。
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
On a 1.freezing (freeze) cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie gave his life to save the Tibetan antelope. By the 1990s, the number of the Tibetan antelopes 2.had_fallen (fall) from millions of them to about 50,000. The reason is 3.that the wool of the Tibetan antelope is the 4.most_expensive (expensive) in the world and brings huge profits to the poachers.
Often at night, whole herds of antelopes are shot and skinned 5.on the spot, 6.leaving (leave) only the babies. Then the wool is taken to India to make shawls, which are exported to rich countries in North America and Europe. In 7.the 1990s, the Chinese government began to protect the antelopes 8.actively (active). Over the next ten years about 3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated. Meanwhile, in those countries 9.where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers, making the antelope population increase 10.slowly (slow) since 1997.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
目前由藏羚羊毛制成的(made from)披肩又流行起来(come into fashion)，这使得一些商人非法偷猎藏羚羊。现在是该对他们采取强硬措施(get tough with)的时候了。警方在接到报警后几分钟之内就会来到现场(on the spot)。同时(meanwhile)，每个人都踊跃参加(take an active part in)保护这种濒危(endangered)动物的工作。其中很多人决心把自己的一生献给(give one’s life to)动物保护事业。
Nowadays_shawls_made_from_the_antelope_wool_have_come_into_fashion_again,_which_makes_some_dealers_poach_the_antelopes_illegally._It’s_high_time_to_get_tough_with_those_people._Police_will_be_on_the_spot_within_a_few_minutes_after_receiving_the_call._Meanwhile,_everyone_takes_an_active_part_in_protecting_the_endangered_animals,_many_of_whom_have_determined_to_give_their_own_life_to_it.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
There is a widespread belief that women are better at picking out gifts than men. This claim, __1__， has not been assessed on the basis of objective standard. The current studies __2__ show that women do make better gift __3__ for others, regardless of the gender(性别)of the __4__ and the type of relationship between the giver and the receiver.
As a result, the studies __5__ in this paper will make it clear to us. The researchers had men and women select __6__ that they would like best from some man?made items that both men and women tend to like __7__. Then they asked their partners to select gifts for them from the __8__ items. As predicted by the ___9___ idea, women indeed had a(n) __10__ of guessing what their partners would want. The researchers went on to try to __11__ why the women performed better. They __12__ two possible reasons. The first was that women are better at selecting gifts __13__ they are more interested in social interactions and __14__ it more important to pick out a good gift. The second was that, __15__ men, women put their emotion into the process, and therefore are better at selecting what the receiver would like. At the end of the whole __16__， it turns out that, although women did __17__ higher when tested for both, it was the social interest that actually associated with gift?choosing __18__. So there you have it — women are better at choosing gifts, and perhaps __19__ because they care more about it.
Next time when you are buying presents, it would be __20__to ask a female partner for advice.
语篇解读：人们普遍认为，女士比男士更善于挑选礼物，研究者们为了证明这一观点并找到内在的原因做了实验。实验证实了这个说法，且发现因为女士对挑礼物这件事看得更加重要一些，所以就更善于挑选礼物。
1．A.then B．otherwise
C．instead D．however
解析：选D 前后两句语意观点不同，此处应为表示转折的词，故选however。
2．A.absolutely B．exactly
C．personally D．curiously
解析：选B 后文对此说法是肯定的，“目前的研究确切地表明了”，故选“确切地”。
3．A.considerations B．selections
C．elections D．collections
解析：选B 根据第一句的“picking out”可以得知，女士更擅长选礼物，所以答案是selections“选择”。
4．A.giver B．organizer
C．receiver D．writer
解析：选C 女士送礼物时，不论收礼物的人的性别，故选receiver。
5．A.refused B．praised
C．ignored D．shown
解析：选D 根据上下文可知，此处指呈现在本文中的研究。
6．A.presents B．books
C．chances D．ideas
解析：选A 根据上下文可知，实验围绕选礼物展开。
7．A.equally B．differently
C．totally D．slightly
解析：选A 为保证公平，可挑选的物品应当是不论性别，同等喜爱的一些物件，所以选equally“同等地”。
8．A.extra B．opposite
C．same D．rest
解析：选C 根据语境可知，让同伴在同样的一些物品中挑选自己喜欢的物品。
9．A.originally?designed B．generally?accepted
C．self?centered D．narrow?minded
解析：选B generally?accepted“被普遍接受的”，对应第一段widespread，表示这个观点是大多数人都同意的。self?centered“以自我为中心的”，narrow?minded“心胸狭小的”。
10．A.habit B．challenge
C．air D．advantage
解析：选D have an advantage of“有……的优势”，根据句意，女士有猜测同伴喜欢什么礼物的优势。
11．A.get through B．turn over
C．figure out D．look through
解析：选C 根据上下文，研究者证实了说法的可靠性，下一步继续想要弄明白其中缘由，故选figure out。
12．A.explained B．offered
C．adopted D．tested
解析：选D 有两种可能的原因，根据下文的“women did __17__ higher when tested for both”也可知，研究者是对这两种假想的原因进行了测试。
13．A.unless B．because
C．while D．though
解析：选B 根据上下文可知，此处是因果关系。
14．A.make B．doubt
C．find D．consider
解析：选D “14_(consider) it more important to ...” 此处it为形式宾语，这里意为“女士把选择到好礼物看得更加重要”。
15．A.unlike B．rather than
C．as for D．besides
解析：选A 根据上下文可知，句意为“与男士不同，女士会在买礼物的过程中投入感情”，故选unlike。
16．A.competition B．conversation
C．experiment D．argument
解析：选C 根据语境可知，是在实验的最后。
17．A.score B．get
C．aim D．earn
解析：选A 根据上下文可知，这里指女性在测试中得分更高。
18．A.decision B．impression
C．ability D．quality
解析：选C 社交兴趣和挑选礼物的能力之间有联系，故选ability。
19．A.simply B．rarely
C．hardly D．fairly
解析：选A 根据上下文，女士有优势的原因只不过是她们更在乎选礼物这件事。
20．A.acceptable B．wise
C．helpless D．unique
解析：选B 全文证实了女士的优势，那么买礼物时有女同胞的建议自然是明智的。
Ⅱ.短文改错
A man has been waited at the bus stop. After a few minutes later, the bus arrived and did not stop. The man thought it would stop a little far, so he started running after the bus. Fortunately, the bus never stopped. The man kept follow the bus until he arrived home. The man was very glad that he could save a bit money. He happily told his wife, “Honey, today I ran after the buses until getting home. I didn’t have to pay the fee.” Surprisingly, the wife blamed her, “You fool! Do you know how many you could save if you ran after a taxi？”
答案：第一句：waited→waiting
第二句：去掉later; and→but
第三句：far→farther/further
第四句：Fortunately→Unfortunately
第五句：follow→following
第六句：bit 后加 of或bit→little
第七句：buses→bus
第八句：her→him; many→much
PAGE
1
Section Ⅲ Grammar— 复习定语从句
?语法图解
?探究发现
①On a freezing cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking for — a group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope.
②In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed.
③Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.
④The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India, where it is made into the shawls.
⑤In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve — the huge national park on the Qinghai?Tibetan Plateau, which is the main habitat of the antelopes.
⑥Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.
⑦The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country, and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres.
⑧Meanwhile, in those countries where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers.
[我的发现]
(1)以上各句中黑体部分在定语从句中分别担当什么成分？
③句中作定语；①②⑤⑦句中作主语；④⑥⑧句中作地点状语。
(2)哪些句子中的which可用that替代？
②句中的which可用that替代。
在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。本模块主要复习由关系词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句。
一、引导定语从句的关系词
1．引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法
关系词 指代对象 在从句中所作成分
关系 代词 who 指人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 指人 宾语
which 指物 主语、宾语、表语
that 既指人又指物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 既指人又指物 定语
as 既指人又指物 主语、宾语、表语
关系 副词 when 指时间 时间状语
where 指地点 地点状语
why 指原因 原因状语
I still remember the day when (＝on which) I first came to Beijing.
我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。
This is the place where (＝at which) Jack parks his car.
这是杰克停车的地方。
The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
The person whom you met yesterday is an honest man.
昨天你遇到的那个人是一个诚实的人。
Such books as you borrowed are of great use.
你借的这样的书很有用。
2．that和which引导的定语从句的区别
that和which都是关系代词，都可在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，但两者存在着不同。
用that不用 which的情况 先行词是all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时
先行词被any, few, little, much, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时
先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时
先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时
先行词既指人又指物时
主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时
用which不用 that的情况 在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that
介词后边用which不用that
先行词为that/those时
Tell me everything that you know.
把你所知道的一切都告诉我吧。
I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。
[即时演练1]
(1)用适当的关系词填空
①(2017·北京高考改编)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
②A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
③I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
④Can you show me a case where this phrase is often misused by Chinese students, Mr Brown?
⑤Those people who/whom/that the boss interviewed are applicants for the job.
⑥The reason why he was fired was not known to us.
(2)用which或that填空
①He is the very person that I want to talk to.
②They were talking about persons and things that they remembered.
③They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
二、“介词＋关系代词”的用法
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用whose, which或whom，不用that。
This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.
这是我画画用的那支铅笔。
2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。
关系代词前介词选择三原则： 一先，二动，三意义。
(1)一先，即根据介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
I will never forget the day on which we moved into our new house.
我永远不会忘记我们搬进新居的那一天。
(2)二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
He is the model from whom we should learn.
他是我们应该学习的榜样。
(3)三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
Look at the building over which is flying a red flag. It’s where I work.
看那栋上面飘着红旗的房子，这就是我上班的地方。
3．“介词＋关系代词”前可有名词、数词或some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, one, few等代词，构成“名词/代词/数词等＋介词＋关系代词”结构。
Here are the questions, some of which I thought difficult for you.
就是这些问题，其中一些我认为对你来说太难。
[即时演练2]
(1)用适当的介词填空
①Air, without which man can’t live, is really important.
②The witness to whom the policemen referred was killed.
③I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school.
(2)用“介词＋关系代词”完成下列句子
①(2016·浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none_of_which_has_been_proved (没有一个被证实)．
②Trading leather shoes is the business to_which_the_Greens_are_devoted (格林一家所致力于的)．(devote)
③There are two buildings there, the_larger_of_which_stands_nearly (较大的那栋大约有) a hundred feet tall. (stand)
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开
意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整
译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……” 通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词 的使 用上 1.关系代词作动词的宾语时可省略 2．有时可以用that代替who/which 1.关系代词作动词的宾语时不可省略 2．不可以用that代替who/which
I will never forget the day when I met Mr Liu.
我永远不会忘记遇见刘先生的那一天。
This is the man who helped me.
这就是帮我的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat.
我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.
彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。
[名师点津] 非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别
非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用“逗号”分开，并且不能加入and, but, so等连接词。并列句一般由and, but, so等词连接。
He paid the boy D|S10 for washing the windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.(非限制性定语从句)
He paid the boy D|S10 for washing the windows, and most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.(并列句)
那个男孩擦了窗户，他付给那个男孩10美元。那些窗户的大部分已经至少一年没有擦了。
[即时演练3]
(1)完成句子
①(2016·天津高考改编)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when_the_weather_may_be_better.
我们将把去公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。
②Where is the dictionary which_I_bought_yesterday?
我昨天买的那本词典在哪儿？
③He suddenly fell ill, which_prevented_him_from going to school.
他突然生病，不能去上学了。
(2)句型转换
①She heard a terrible noise and it brought her heart into her mouth.
→She heard a terrible noise, which_brought her heart into her mouth.
②These articles are written in simple language to make it easy to read.
→These articles are written in simple language, which_makes_it_easy to read.
四、as与which在非限制性定语从句中的用法区别
as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，它们的用法区别主要体现在以下几个方面：
1．关系代词代替主句中某一个名词或词组，并对该名词或词组进行补充和说明时，只能用which引导。
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.
北京是中国的首都，它是一座非常美丽的城市。
2．当指代前面整个句子时，which只能置于主句之后，as位置灵活，可前、可后、可中间；as有“正如，像”之意，which无此意；as作主语时常与被动结构相连，或作宾语。
He finished the task in time, as we had expected.
他及时完成了任务，正如我们所预料的那样。
[即时演练4]
用as/which引导的定语从句完成句子
①He is a great hero, as_is_described in the report.
正如在报道中描述的一样，他是一个伟大的英雄。
②Her role in the performance was spoken highly of, which_made_her_proud.
她在表演中扮演的角色受到高度表扬，这使她很自豪。
③In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which_was_understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点儿紧张，这是可以理解的。
④The book is very interesting, as_most_readers_say.
正如大多数读者所说的那样，这本书很有趣。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A football fan is a person who/that has a strong interest in football.
2．Can you lend me the novel which/that you read the other day?
3．I have bought the same dress as she is wearing.
4．As is known to all, the compass (指南针) was first made in China.
5．She is one of the few girls whose grade is above average.
6．This is the best film that I have seen.
7．I know the student from whom I borrowed the book.
8．The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
9．Do you still remember the day when we first met?
10．This is the reason why he didn’t attend the lecture.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty.
我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)How about the last Sunday of June, when_the_examination is over and_we_are_free?
等考试结束后，我们都有时间的时候，六月的最后一个周日怎么样？
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)The column “Foreign Cultures”， which_aims_to_introduce festival customs and the life of high school students in foreign countries, is popular among the students.
“外国文化”栏目在学生中很受欢迎，它旨在介绍外国的节日传统和高中生的生活。
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which_we_hope_will_make_them_happy.
我们将在一起唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏，度过非常美好的时光，我们希望这会使他们快乐。
5．(2015·重庆高考写作)Secondly, I can make the acquaintance of people who_share_the same interest through this activity.
其次，通过这个活动，我可以结识可以分享共同兴趣的人。
6．The computer which/that_I_wanted_to_buy was sold out.
我想买的那款计算机卖完了。
7．We should do everything that_is_useful_to_the_people.
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
8．When we talk about Hangzhou, the first that_comes_into_our_mind is the West Lake.
我们谈论杭州时，首先想到的是西湖。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Ian，
Thank you for share the stories about you and your best friend in your last letter. I have a best friend, who name is Wang Ming, and we had known each other for a long time. We met on the first day of school. We were deskmate in class. We both liked pop music and we often went to my house to listen CDs. It wasn’t long after we became best friends.
Now we’re in different senior high schools and all of us are busy with our studies. Although we cannot see each other often, but we’re still best friends. He always encourage me to realize my dreams. I am thankfully I have such a good friend to rely on.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：第一句：share→sharing
第二句：who→whose; had→have
第四句：deskmate→deskmates
第五句：listen后加to
第六句：after→before
第七句：all→both
第八句：去掉but
第九句：encourage→encourages
第十句：thankfully→thankful
PAGE
1
Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
[原文呈现]
WWF
The WWF is the world’s largest organisation for nature conservation. It was founded① in the UK in 1961 and opened an international office in Switzerland in the same year. Its aim② was to protect the natural habitats of wild animals in danger of③ extinction④. One of the founders, the painter and naturalist⑤ Peter Scott, designed the famous panda logo. The initials⑥， WWF, stand for⑦ World Wide Fund for Nature. Originally⑧ the name was World Wildlife Fund. Today the organisation has branches⑨ in 90 countries in all five continents⑩. It has thousands of volunteers and more than five million supporters who help by giving money. Since 1985 it has spent more than $1,000 million on? 11,000 projects in 130 countries.
[读文清障]
①found vt.成立；建立(founded, founded)
②aim/eIm/n.目标；目的
with the aim of doing sth.旨在做某事
③in danger of处于……危险中
be in danger处于危险中
④extinction/Ik'stI?k?n/n.灭绝；绝种
⑤the painter and naturalist画家兼自然学家，作one的同位语。第二个名词前不加冠词，指同一个人，这时谓语动词应用单数形式。
⑥initial/I'nI?l/n.首字母
⑦stand for代表
⑧originally adv.最初；起初
⑨branch/brɑ?nt?/n.分支机构；办事处(pl.branches)
⑩continent/'k?ntIn?nt/n.大陆；洲
?spend ...on ...在……上花费……
世界自然保护基金组织
[第1段译文]
世界自然保护基金组织是世界上最大的自然保护组织。它于1961年在英国成立，同年在瑞士开了一个国际办事处。其目的在于保护濒临灭绝的野生动物的自然栖息地。其中一位建立者，画家兼自然学家，皮特·斯科特设计了著名的熊猫标志。缩略词WWF代表“世界自然保护基金组织”。最初名字是World Wildlife Fund。现在这个组织在所有五大洲的90个国家拥有分支机构。它拥有成千上万名志愿者和五百多万名通过捐资来帮助的支持者。自1985年以来，它已经在130个国家的11 000个项目上花费了100 000多万美元。
The focus? of attention has changed, too. In the 1980s the WWF became interested in? all activities? which have an effect on? the environment?， such as pollution and the way ?we use energy?. The WWF believes that our world has a future only if? people learn to conserve? nature and not waste energy. As a result, it started working with governments to introduce environmental education into schools.
The WWF has worked with the Chinese government since 1980, when Dr George Shaller arrived to work with Chinese scientists on the panda project. For fifteen years WWF China staff had been based in Switzerland but came to China to monitor the project. Then, in 1995, the organisation set up an office in Beijing. Today there are more than thirty staff working on twenty projects all over the country. They include work in forests, energy, and in environmental education for China’s primary and secondary schools as well as saving the panda, of course.
?focus/'f??k?s/n.焦点；集中点，focus on集中于
?become interested in变得对……感兴趣
?activity n．活动
?have an effect on对……有影响
?which ...为限制性定语从句，修饰activities。
?we use energy为限制性定语从句，修饰the way，省略了引导词that/which。
?energy/'en?d?i/n.能源
?only if只有，only if引导的条件状语从句放于句首，主句需用部分倒装语序。
?conserve v．保护
waste/weIst/vt.浪费
work with sb. on sth.与某人一起从事某事
when ...project为非限制性定语从句，修饰1980。
China staff中国工作人员
be based in以……为基地，be based on根据……
monitor/'m?nIt?/vt.监测
set up建立；设立
现在分词短语working ...作staff的后置定语。
primary and secondary schools中小学
as well as也，和，又
[第2～3段译文]
?WWF?关注的焦点也已经发生了变化。20世纪80年代，世界自然保护基金组织开始关注所有对环境造成影响的活动，比如污染以及我们利用能源的方式。世界自然保护基金组织相信只有人们学会保护自然，不浪费能源，我们的世界才有未来。因此，它开始与政府合作把环保教育推行到学校。,自1980年以来世界自然保护基金组织已经与中国政府进行合作，那时乔治·山勒博士来与中国科学家共同从事熊猫工程的工作。15年来，世界自然保护基金组织的中国工作人员驻地在瑞士，但是他们到中国来监测这一工程。接着，1995年该组织在北京设立了办事处。时至目前，全国有30多个该组织成员在从事着20个项目的工作。它们包括森林、能源的工作以及中国中小学的环保教育，当然也有拯救熊猫的工作。
Choose the best answers according to the text.
1．What is WWF?
A．It is the world’s biggest land animal. A fully grown adult can weigh five tons.
B．It can be found in parts of Siberia and Northeast China.
C．An official working for the branch of China.
D．It’s the largest organisation for nature conservation in the world.
2．What’s the aim of the WWF when it was founded?
A．To protect the natural habitats of wild animals in danger of extinction.
B．To feed mostly on insects and small reptiles, but also fish and frogs.
C．To focus the same attention on organising the volunteers working for the WWF.
D．To increase the population of experts working on the wild animal programme.
3．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．The organisation always has the same focus of attention.
B．The WWF set up an office in Beijing in 1995.
C．The organisation has only the volunteers working in the world.
D．The WWF China staff work in Switzerland, monitoring the project.
4．Which of the following is included in the list of protection of the WWF?
A．African Elephant and Siberian Tiger.
B．Northern Bald Ibis and Blue Whale.
C．Panda and Antelope.
D．All of the above.
答案：1～4 DABD
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.involve vt. 涉及；包括 2.lay vt. 产卵；下蛋 3.extinction n. 灭绝；绝种 4.branch n. 分支机构；办事处 5.continent n. 大陆；洲 6.focus n. 焦点；集中点 7.waste vt. 浪费 8.monitor vt. 监测 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.aim n．目标；目的 v．目的在于；旨在→aimless adj.漫无目的的 2.live adj.活的；现场直播的→lively adj.生机勃勃的；活跃的 3.wonder n．奇迹→wonderful adj.精彩的；绝妙的 4.initial n．首字母 adj.最初的；开始的→initially adv.最初；开始 5.energy n．能源；精力；活力→energetic adj.精力充沛的 1.live adj.活的[联想] 与live有关的单词集锦 ①alive adj. 活着的 ②lively adj.活泼的 ③lovely adj.可爱的 ④living adj.活的 2.energy n．精力，活力 [联想] 与“力量”有关的单词荟萃 ①ability n．能力 ②power n．权力 ③force n．武力 ④strength n．力量 3.continent n．大陆；洲 [联想] 世界的“七大洲”①Asia 亚洲②Europe 欧洲③Africa 非洲④South America 南美洲⑤North America 北美洲⑥Oceania 大洋洲⑦Antarctica 南极洲
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.be concerned about sth. 关心/担心某事 2．tend to_do sth. 往往会做某事 3．keep an eye on 密切注视 4．go for sb. 攻击某人，袭击某人 5．feed on (动物)以……为食 6．stand for 代表 7．have an effect on 对……产生影响 8．as a result 结果是 9．set up 建立；设立 10．have access to 可以接近…… 1.the world’s largest organization 世界上最大的组织 2．open an international office 设立国际部 3．wild animals in danger of extinction 濒临灭绝的野生动物 4．thousands of volunteers 成千上万的志愿者 5．the focus of attention 关注的焦点 6．the way we use energy 我们使用能源的方式 7．introduce environmental education into schools 把环保教育引入学校 8．monitor the project 监测这个项目
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.The population is supposed to be less than 5,000. 其数量应该不足5 000头。 be supposed to do sth.意为“理应做某事”。 I thought we were_supposed_to_be_paid today. 我以为我们今天会领到薪水呢。
2.Only about 1,000 survive, most of them in Siberia. 只有大约1 000只(老虎)幸存，大部分在西伯利亚。 “名词(代词)＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构。 He has many friends, most_of_them_in_the_same_school. 他有很多好友，大多数都在同一所学校。
3.The WWF believes that our world has a future only if people learn to conserve nature and not waste energy. 世界自然保护基金组织相信只有人们学会保护自然，不浪费能源，我们的世界才有未来。 only if “只有……”，用于引导陈述语气的真实条件句。 You can buy a car only_if_you_have_enough_money. 只有你有了足够的钱，你才能买车。
1．(教材P54)The World Wide Fund for Nature is an organisation whose aim is to protect wildlife.
世界自然保护基金会是一个以保护野生动植物为目的的组织。
?aim n．目标；目的 v．瞄准；对准；旨在……；目的是
(1)with the aim of ... 目的是……
(2)aim ...at ... (用……)瞄准，对准
aim at ... 针对/瞄准……
aim to do sth. 目标是做某事
be aimed at (doing) sth. 目的是；旨在(做)某事
①Our aim is to select the best person for the job, wherever they are from.
我们的目的是选择这份工作的最佳人选，不管他们来自哪里。
②She visited the school with the aim of seeing the library.
她参观学校的目的是看看图书馆。
③I was aiming_at the tree but I hit the car by mistake.
我对准树射击，不料误射了汽车。
④What do you aim_to_do in the coming year?
在新的一年里你的目标是做什么？
2．(教材P55)But the trade also involves live animals.
但这种贸易也包括(贩运)活着的动物。
?involve vt.涉及；包括
involve doing sth. 包括或介入做某事
involve sb./oneself in sth. 邀请、允许某人参与某事/某人积极参与某事
get/be involved in ... 被卷入……之中；全神贯注于……
①Don’t involve me in your trouble.
不要把我牵扯到你的麻烦中。
②Parents should involve_themselves_in their children’s education.
父母应当积极参与孩子的教育。
③Mike had no desire to_be_involved (involve) in anything dangerous or violent.
迈克不想卷入任何危险或暴力的事情中去。
[名师点津] involved作前置定语或后置定语时意义不同
?live
(1)adj.活的(常用作定语)
①I bought two live fish in the market.
我在市场上买了两条活鱼。
②Better a live coward than a dead hero.
好死不如赖活。
(2)adj.现场直播的，实况转播的
③Most people prefer live matches to recorded ones.
比起录播的比赛，大多数人更喜欢看现场直播。
(3)adv.在现场直播
④The football game was televised live.
那场足球比赛是在电视上现场直播的。
(4)v.住；生存；生活
⑤John lives_a_happy life with his family at present.
约翰现在和家人过着幸福的生活。
3．(教材P55)A reptile has cold blood and lays eggs.
爬行动物是冷血动物并且产卵。
?lay vt.产卵；下蛋；放置，搁置；铺设
[一词多义] 写出下列句中lay的含义
①The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds’ nests.产卵；下蛋
②She laid the baby down gently on the bed.放置，搁置
③The road has been dug up in order to lay cables.铺设
形象记忆
4.(教材P55)One of the wonders of the insect world.
昆虫世界中的奇观之一。
?wonder n．奇迹，奇观，奇事 v．惊奇，想知道
It’s a wonder (that) ... 令人惊奇的是……
No wonder (that) .../It’s no wonder (that) ...
难怪……
in wonder 惊奇地
①The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world.
长城是世界上的奇观之一。
②“What’s that？” Mary pointed at the statue, saying in wonder.
玛丽指着那座雕塑，惊奇地说：“那是什么？”
③No_wonder/It’s_no_wonder_(that) you’re tired; you’ve been walking for hours.
难怪你累了，你已经走了好几个小时了。
[语境串记] The children looked at the pictures in wonder, and wondered what the New Seven Wonders of the world were.
孩子们惊奇地看着图画，想知道世界新七大奇观是什么。
5．(教材P57)I’m concerned about the future of wildlife in Africa.
我担心非洲野生动物的未来。
?be concerned about/for sth.关心某事；担心某事
(1)be concerned with 与……有关；涉及
as far as ...be concerned 就……而言
(2)concern vt. 使忧虑；与……有关
n. [C]担心的事；[U，C]担忧
concerned adj. 焦虑的，担忧的；有关的
concerning prep. 关于，有关，涉及
①The committee is concerned about players’ behaviour, especially arguing with referees.
委员会很关注运动员的行为，特别是与裁判争吵的行为。
②All the people concerned with the case will be questioned by the police.
所有参与这个案件的人警察都要审问。
③As far as I’m concerned (concern), I think shopping online is very convenient.
就我个人而言，我认为网上购物很方便。
[语境串记] The concerned parents are full of concern about the matter which may concern their children.
忧心忡忡的家长们非常担心那件可能涉及他们孩子的事情。
6．(教材P59)The initials, WWF, stand for World Wide Fund for Nature.
缩略词WWF代表“世界自然保护基金组织”。
?stand for代表；象征；支持；忍受
①What does ATM stand for?
ATM代表什么？
②She’s been lying about me, and I won’t stand_for it.
她一直乱说我坏话，我忍受不了了。
[名师点津] 如果在缩写字母前有the letters，则stand for用复数形式。
③The letters WTO stand_for World Trade Organization.
字母WTO代表世界贸易组织。
stand against 反对
stand out 显眼，突出
stand by 袖手旁观；信守(诺言等)；支持
stand up 站立；耐用
④She is the sort of person who stands_out in a crowd.
她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。
⑤I’ll stand_by you whatever happens.
无论如何，我都支持你。
7．(教材P59)The focus of attention has changed, too.
(WWF)关注的焦点也已经发生了变化。
?focus n．焦点；集中点 v．聚焦；集中精力
(1)in/out of focus 清晰/不清晰的；焦点对准/没有对准的
bring sth. into focus 使某事物成为焦点
(2)focus on/upon 注意，集中于
focus ...on ... 把……集中于……上
①She always wants to be the focus of attention.
她老想成为人们关注的焦点。
②The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into_focus.
这次事件使校园暴力问题成为焦点。
③We need to focus public attention on this issue.
我们需要把公众的注意力集中到这个问题上来。
[语境串记] The teacher reminded Tom to focus his attention on what the teacher was saying. So all the other students looked at him. He became the focus of all the class.
老师提醒汤姆集中注意力听老师讲课，所以其他同学都看着他，他成为全班的焦点。
8．(教材P59)Then, in 1995, the organisation set up an office in Beijing.
接着，1995年该组织在北京设立了办事处。
?set up创建，建立，开办；安排，组织；安装；创造(纪录)
[一词多义] 写出下列句中set up的含义
①The school has set up a special class to help poor readers.建立，创建，开办
②I’ll set up an appointment for you.安排
③She set up her camera in her bedroom.安装
④They have set up a new record for the flight to Beijing.创造(纪录)
set about doing sth. 开始做某事
set out to do sth. 开始做某事
be set in ... 以……为背景
set sth. aside 将某事/物放在一边；节省或保留(钱或时间)
set off 出发；引爆；引起
set down 写下，记下
⑤She set_about clearing up after the party.
聚会之后她开始打扫卫生。
⑥I wanted to set my feelings down on paper.
我想把我的感想写下来。
1．Only about 1,000 survive, most of them in Siberia.
只有大约1 000只(老虎)幸存，大部分在西伯利亚。
本句中most of them in Siberia是“名词(代词)＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构。独立主格结构本身不是句子，但在语意上相当于一个句子，通常在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等，也可作后置定语。常见的独立主格结构有：
(1)名词(代词主格)＋介词短语/形容词/副词。
①He came in the room, a dictionary in his hand.
他走进房间，手里拿着一本词典。
②The storm over,_everything was in peace again.
暴风雨过去了，一切又平静下来。
(2)名词(代词主格)＋现在分词/过去分词。
③Time permitting (permit), we will go skating.
如果时间允许，我们就去滑冰。(time与permit之间是主动关系)
④All things considered (consider), it is a good plan.
全盘考虑后，这是一项好计划。(things与consider之间是被动关系)
(3)名词(代词主格)＋不定式。
⑤They decided to buy a car, Mike to pay half the money.
他们决定买一部车，迈克付一半的钱。(动词不定式表示将来)
(4)there being/having been＋名词(there be句型的独立主格结构)。
⑥There being no bus now, we will have to go home on foot.
现在没有公交车了，我们将不得不走回家。
2．The WWF believes that our world has a future only if people learn to conserve nature and not waste energy.
世界自然保护基金组织相信只有人们学会保护自然，不浪费能源，我们的世界才有未来。
only if “只有……”，用于引导陈述语气的真实条件句。用于句首时，主句应部分倒装。
①It is accessible to every citizen only if you get a special card.
只要有特种卡片，每个市民都可进入。
②Only if you are aware of the importance of English can_you_learn_it_well.
只有你意识到英语的重要性你才能学好英语。
[辨析比较] only if, if only
only if “只有……”。引导陈述语气的真实条件句(放于句首时，主句部分倒装)
if only “但愿……，要是……就好了”。常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句
选用以上短语填空
③I told him he would succeed only_if he tried hard.
④If_only she could have lived a little longer！
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed (fix) on the blackboard.
2．Many people go to big cities with the aim of finding better jobs.
3．It’s said that the famous star is involved (involve) in taking drugs.
4．“I lay asleep all afternoon, so I didn’t hear the phone，” he lied to me.(lie)
5．I watched in wonder as she ran circles around the other kids.
6．The mother didn’t go out to search for her lost son. I wonder if she was concerned about him.
7．Do you know what the letters MBA stand for?
8．Each day is a gift, and as long as my eyes open, I’ll focus on the new day and all the happy memories I’ve stored away.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The machine has been used for many years. No_wonder/It’s_no_wonder_(that) it doesn’t work well occasionally.
这台机器已经使用多年了。难怪它有时不能好好工作。
2．Although he tried to focus_on_his_reading in the study, now and then his attention was attracted by the loud music outside.
虽然他在书房里尽力集中精力读书，但时不时注意力被外面吵闹的音乐所吸引。
3．The French team set_up_a_new_record at today’s sports meeting.
在今天的运动会上法国队创造了一个新纪录。
4．I wake up only_if_the_alarm_clock_rings.
只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
5．He launched a campaign with_the_aim_of helping victims of crime.
他发起一项旨在帮助罪案受害者的运动。
6．I was_involved_in my book and didn’t hear you knock.
我全神贯注地看书，没听到你敲门。
7．Mary was a guest on a live_radio_show.
玛丽在一个现场直播节目中当嘉宾。
8．Please don’t be_concerned/worried_about/for me.
请不必为我担心。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She aims (目标) to achieve her goal in two years.
2．The football match will be broadcast live (现场直播的) tonight.
3．There are seven wonders (奇迹，奇观) in the world.
4．Don’t waste (浪费) your money on silly things.
5．The cuckoo lays (产卵，下蛋) its eggs in other birds’ nests.
6．The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.
7．The bank has branches in all parts of the country.
8．Each student’s progress is closely monitored.
9．She always wants to be the focus of attention.
10．Young people usually have more energy than the old.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I have no idea what these three letters stand for.
2．Some children tend to be distracted by new things so that they cannot focus on their study.
3．Students in the school can have easy access to the library.
4．While Mr Smith was on vacation last month, he asked his secretary to keep an eye on the business of his company.
5．I know that such deer feed (feed) mainly on green grass.
6．You are not supposed to_take (take) the book out of the reading room.
7．The boy laid (lay) the flowers on the table, walked in and found his little brother lying (lie) in bed.
8．On arrival at the top of the hill, they set out to_put (put) up tents.
Ⅲ.选词填空
aim at， be concerned about， keep an eye on， feed on， only if， focus on， a waste of， set up
1．A fund (基金会) will be set_up for the dead men’s families.
2．Hold the camera and focus_on the subject when you are taking pictures.
3．Can you keep_an_eye_on my bag while I am away?
4．It is a_waste_of time to listen to his insignificant talk.
5．Only_if you walk quickly can you catch up with her.
6．It shows that your friends haven’t stopped being_concerned_about you.
7．Businesses will have to aim_at long?term growth, not the present profit.
8．Bats fly at night and feed_on insects (昆虫)．
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句改错
1．Please don’t worry about your daughter any more. She is out danger and in the charge of a good nurse.out后加of
2．Finally the hunter shot at the big animal. But it struggled with its feet before falling down.with→to
3．We should do something to protect the plant for the cold weather.for→from
4．The room was full of children, two of them were from America.them→whom或two前加and或去掉were
5．The writing brushes are made from bamboo and animals’ hair.from→of
6．Roads in this mountain area used to be in poor conditions; people found it hard to travel here.conditions→condition
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I will tell you everything (that)_I_know.
我将把我所知道的每一件事都告诉你。
2．In our class there are 56 students, of_whom_35_are_boy_students.
我们班有56名学生，其中35名是男生。
3．She mentioned a magazine, the_title_of_which/whose_title I’ve forgotten.
她提到过一本杂志，其名称我忘记了。
4．Such songs as_you_just_sang are very popular now.
像你刚才唱的歌现在很流行。
5．All the neighbors admire this family, where_the_parents_treat_their_child like a friend.
所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里父母对待孩子就像朋友一样。
6．Last Sunday, I organized a survey, whose_topic_is “Which safety problem is the one you are most concerned about”．
上周日，我组织了一次民意调查，其主题是“你最关注的安全问题是什么”。
7．Parents usually have_a_great_effect_on their children.
通常父母对孩子的影响是巨大的。
8．There was a time when_there_were_no_radios,_telephones or TV sets here.
这儿曾经有一段时间既没有广播，也没有电话和电视。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Animal Conservation
Many animal and plant species have become extinct and many more are in critical danger. Finding ways to protect the earth’s wildlife and conserve the natural world they inhabit (居住) is now more important than ever.
The Dodo (渡渡鸟)
The Dodo is a classic example of how human caused damage to the earth’s biology. The flightless Dodo was native to the Island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. The easily controlled bird became a source of food for sailors and was attacked by animals introduced to the island by humans such as pigs, monkeys and rats. The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.
Rhinos (犀牛)
The Rhino horn is a highly prized item for Asian medicine. This has led to the animal being hunted in its natural habitat. Once widespread in Africa and Eurasia, most rhinos now live in protected natural parks and reserves. Their numbers have rapidly decreased in the last 50 years, and the animals remain under constant threat from poachers.
The Giant Panda
The future of the WWF’s symbol is far from certain. As few as 1,000 remain in the wild. The Chinese government has set up 33 panda reserves to protect these beautiful animals. However, the panda’s distinct black and white patched coat fetches a high price on the black market and determined poachers still pose (造成) one of the most serious threats to the animals.
Whales
Despite the fact that one?third of the world’s oceans have been declared whale sanctuaries (保护区), 7 out of 13 whale species remain endangered. Hunted for their rich supply of oil, their numbers have decreased to just 300. Collisions (碰撞) with ships, poisonous pollution and being caught in fishing nets are other major causes of whale deaths.
Tigers
The last 100 years has seen a 95% reduction in the numbers of remaining tigers to between 5,000 and 7,000 and the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers are already extinct. The South China tiger is precariously close to disappearing, with only 20 to 30 still alive. Like the Rhino horn, tigers’ bones and organs are sought after for traditional Chinese medicines. These items are traded illegally along with tiger skins.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了五种野生动物及其?濒临?灭绝的原因。
1．Which group of the following animals has already ceased to exist according to the text?
A．The Dodo, Rhino and Giant Panda.
B．The Rhino, Whale and South China Tiger.
C．The Rhino, Panda, Whale and Tiger.
D．The Dodo and the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.” 一句可判断渡渡鸟是灭绝的动物之一，再根据最后一段中的“the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers are already extinct” 一句可得出其他几种。
2．________ can serve as a cure for certain diseases.
A．The whale’s rich oil
B．The panda’s black and white patched coat
C．The Rhino horn and tigers’ bones and organs
D．The Dodo’s delicious meat
解析：选C 细节理解题。文章的第三段和最后一段提到“犀牛角和虎骨及器官”有很高的药用价值。
3．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．The number of South China tigers has reached crisis point.
B．Many animals are threatened with extinction as a result of human activity.
C．People hunt for the endangered animals for high profit.
D．The whale is the representing mark for the WWF.
解析：选D 推理判断题。从第四段中的“The future of the WWF’s symbol is far from certain.” 一句可得出“世界自然保护基金组织”的图案标志是“大熊猫”，而不是“鲸”。
4．Which of the following is mentioned in all the descriptions of those wild animals?
A．The way of their life.
B．The reason for their extinction or being in danger.
C．Why they are hunted.
D．Punishment for hunting wild animals.
解析：选B 细节理解题。针对五种野生动物介绍，内容不尽相同，有的介绍了人们为什么猎取它们；有的介绍了这些野生动物剩余的数量；有的介绍了对于猎取野生动物的惩罚手段，但有一点是相同的，即渡渡鸟灭绝的原因以及其他四种野生动物濒临灭绝的原因。
Ⅱ.语法填空
For years, parents were urged to stop children from eating snacks between meals. To keep young bodies and minds __1__ (perform) well over the course of a long day filled with school, homework and activities, nutritionists (营养师) __2__ (definite) saw the need for snacks throughout the day.
As children will gladly tell you, they need something in their bellies (肚子) to tide them over between meals, and __3__ (old) kids often need extra energy for sports practice and other activities. But what should children be eating at snack time?
While nutritionists agree that after school snacks can be a good way __4__ (provide) needed energy, they also stress the __5__ (important) of serving healthy snacks. Healthy snacks provide nutrients, help develop healthy eating habits, and help prevent __6__ wide range of illnesses. High?calorie, high?sugar, and high?fat snacks should __7__ (avoid), including sugary sodas, snack chips, candy sweets, and processed foods low __8__ nutritional value. In addition, __9__ (focus) on snacks that provide healthy carbohydrates (碳水化合物) for energy and proteins that build muscles. Fruits and vegetables are highly recommended snacks __10__ most children fail to eat enough fruits and vegetables each day. They contain important nutrients, such as vitamins and fiber, and help prevent health problems, such as heart attack and cancer.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
语篇解读：一直以来，父母们总是严格禁止孩子们吃零食。但实际上，如果选对了零食，孩子们也可以健康度过每一天。
1．performing 现在分词在这里作宾语补足语。
2．definitely 修饰动词saw需要副词，故填definitely。
3．older 此处与上文作比较，指年龄大些的孩子。
4．to provide 动词不定式作后置定语，意为“放学后吃零食可能是一种提供所需能量的好途径”。
5．importance 根据语境可知，stress后面接名词短语，故填importance。the importance of ... 指“……的重要性”。
6．a 这里表示泛指，a wide range of意为“大范围的；各种各样的”。
7．be avoided 根据语意可知，前面所列的零食应该要避免，为被动关系。
8．in 根据语境可知，加工食品的营养价值低，low in nutritional value。
9．focus 这里是祈使句，提出一个建议，故填动词原形。
10．because 根据语意可以判断，前后两个分句为因果关系，故填because。
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Section Ⅴ Writing— 如何描写动物
一、写作方法
动物是常见的写作素材。对动物的描写常采用以下几种方法：
1．总分结合法
采用总分结合法描写动物时，要注意总述与分述之间的关系。分述部分要紧紧围绕总述部分所讲的特点来写。此外，分述部分要有一定的顺序。
2．特征说明法
采用特征说明法描写动物时，一般先介绍动物的某一特征，再说明它的作用，或说明为什么具有这一特征。接着采用同一方法逐一介绍动物的其他特征。
3．重点突出法
采用重点突出法描写动物时，首先要仔细观察此动物，找出它与众不同的地方加以描述。在描写动物最主要的特点时，可采用比喻、拟人等方法，使重点部分更加突出，给读者留下深刻的印象。
二、增分佳句
1．The giant panda is an animal that/which lives in the mountains.
大熊猫是一种生活在山区里的动物。
2．It feeds/lives on bamboos.
它以竹子为主食。
3．As forests are being cut down, its habitat is becoming smaller and smaller.
随着森林遭到砍伐，它的栖息地变得越来越小了。
4．To protect the giant pandas, measures should be taken to set up some nature reserves.
为了保护大熊猫，应该采取措施建立自然保护区。
5．It’s our eager hope that more people will lend us a hand to help save them.
希望更多的人伸出援助之手来拯救它们。
6．If we don’t protect them, they’ll probably die out soon.
如果我们不保护它们，它们很可能会在不久之后灭绝。
7．Finally, we should let people know the importance of protecting endangered animals.
最后，我们应该让人们知道保护濒危动物的重要性。
[题目要求]
根据要求写一篇有关濒危动物——金丝猴的短文。
1．栖息地：中国。
2．外貌：金黄色，有点灰；尾巴和身体一样长。
3．生活环境：海拔1 500～3 000米的森林。
4．生活习性：群居，吃水果、干果，在树上活动。
5．它们的数量减少了，呼吁人们保护金丝猴。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为说明文；
2．确定人称：本文主要人称为第三人称；
3．确定时态：本文用一般现在时介绍说明金丝猴的生活习性与特征。
二、构思
第一部分：总体描述金丝猴的栖息地。
第二部分：具体介绍金丝猴的外貌、生活环境和生活习性。
第三部分：生存现状——数量减少了。
第四部分：呼吁人们对其保护。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．protect 保护
2．golden 金色的
3．grey 灰色的
4．as_long_as 和……一样长
5．forest 森林
6．fruit 水果
7．feed_on 以……为食
8．nature_reserve 自然保护区
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．中国政府保护它们。(主谓宾结构)
Chinese_government_protects_them.
2．它们的皮毛是金黄色的，有点灰。(主系表结构)
Their_fur_is_golden_and_a_bit_grey.
3．它们的尾巴和身体一样长。(as long as)
Their_tails_are_as_long_as_their_bodies.
4．雄性金丝猴又大又壮。(主系表结构)
The_male_golden_monkeys_are_big_and_strong.
5．雌性金丝猴比较小。(主系表结构)
The_female_golden_monkeys_are_much_smaller.
6．金丝猴居住在森林里。(主谓结构)
Golden_monkeys_live_in_forests.
7．这些森林在海拔1 500米至3 000米以上。(主系表结构)
The_forests_are_1,500－3,000_meters_above_the_sea_level.
8．它们的数量正变得越来越少。(现在进行时)
Their_number_is_getting_smaller_and_smaller.
9．我们的政府已经建立了一些自然保护区来保护它们。(现在完成时)
Our_government_has_built_some_nature_reserves_to_protect_them.
10．我们希望越来越多的人将会理解保护金丝猴的重要性。(一般将来时)
We_hope_more_and_more_people_will_understand_the_importance_of_protecting_golden_monkeys.
11．我们也希望人们将停止狩猎金丝猴。(一般将来时)
We_also_hope_that_people_will_stop_hunting_golden_monkeys.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用被动语态改写句1
They_are_protected_by_Chinese_government.
2．用while连接的并列句连接句4和句5
The_male_golden_monkeys_are_big_and_strong_while_the_female_ones_are_much_smaller.
3．用定语从句合并句6和句7
Golden_monkeys_live_in_forests_which_are_1,500－3,000_meters_above_the_sea_level.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
The Golden Monkey
Golden_monkeys_live_only_in_China._They_are_protected_by_Chinese_government._Their_fur_is_golden_and_a_bit_grey._Their_tails_are_as_long_as_their_bodies._The_male_golden_monkeys_are_big_and_strong_while_the_female_ones_are_much_smaller._Golden_monkeys_live_in_forests_which_are_1,500－3,000_meters_above_the_sea_level._They_like_living_in_family_groups._They_feed_on_fruits,_nuts,_tree_leaves_and_so_on._But_now_their_number_is_getting_smaller_and_smaller._Our_government_has_built_some_nature_reserves_to_protect_them._We_hope_more_and_more_people_will_understand_the_importance_of_protecting_golden_monkeys._We_also_hope_that_people_will_stop_hunting_golden_monkeys.
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单元加餐练（一）完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
“A one?thousand?mile journey begins with a single step，” as the saying goes. However, what it doesn’t tell us is that once the journey is __1__， it might be hard to stop. That’s the __2__ for Tang Renli, a senior at Nanjing University of Technology, who has traveled more than 200 cities in China __3__ four years of college.
He never __4__ of going to so many places when he completed his first trip to Yangzhou during the Tomb Sweeping Day holiday in his freshman year. From then on he was __5__ on travel. “There is a strange yet fresh __6__ that I’ve never felt before，” Tang said. “It’s __7__ that keeps me exploring new places.”
You may __8__ how Tang could find the time, being a fulltime college student. Did he really __9__ classes to travel? “I gave myself one to two weeks every month for __10__. But I always took care of my class and assignments first，” Tang said. “I __11__ more time and effort on my study __12__ during the finals’ weeks. But thinking of traveling afterwards was my biggest __13__.”
Schoolwork was not the only obstacle Tang had to __14__. His travel budget was __15__， so Tang had to make the most of what he had. He usually took the __16__ form of transport. There were also times when he walked, hitchhiked, and slept in train stations, police offices and vans.
“Sometimes I felt lonely, __17__ and even found myself in danger. But these setbacks __18__ my journey and my life. People often ask me what kind of advice I can give to those who want to do the same，” Tang said.“Don’t think too much about the uncertainties because you’ll __19__ that bridge when you get to it. And once you take your first step, the feeling is __20__ and addictive.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个名叫唐人立的大学生利用大学四年时间，去了国内200多个城市旅行。而他在四处旅行的同时是如何兼顾学习并克服资金方面的困难的呢？看看唐人立是怎样做到的吧！
1．A.started B．decided
C．ended D．finished
解析：选A 旅行一旦开始，可能就难以停下来。结合上下文可知，此处应用started。
2．A.state B．point
C．case D．situation
解析：选C the case表示“实情，事实”，即唐人立就是这样。
3．A.beyond B．for
C．after D．during
解析：选D 根据上下文可知，在大学四年期间唐人立去过中国的200多个城市，during“在……期间”，符合语境。
4．A.spoke B．thought
C．talked D．reminded
解析：选B 在他大一那年清明节假期完成他的第一次扬州之行时，他没有“想到”能去这么多的地方旅行。
5．A.fond B．keen
C．interested D．crazy
解析：选B 从那以后，他就对旅行着了迷。be keen on“对……着迷”，为固定搭配。
6．A.feeling B．spirit
C．touch D．emotion
解析：选A 结合上下文可知，此处表示一种新奇的感觉，故A项feeling符合语境。
7．A.panic B．confusion
C．curiosity D．fear
解析：选C 根据上文中的“strange yet fresh”可知，此处填curiosity“好奇心”。
8．A.see B．expect
C．reply D．wonder
解析：选D 从下文内容可知，此处表示你也许想知道唐人立作为一个全日制大学生怎么会有时间(去旅行)。
9．A.stop B．avoid
C．skip D．neglect
解析：选C skip classes“旷课”，符合语境。
10．A.travel B．entertainment
C．exercise D．study
解析：选A 根据上文的travel和下一句的内容可知，此处表示他每个月给自己一至两周的时间去旅行。
11．A.cost B．spent
C．paid D．took
解析：选B spend ...on sth.表示“在某事上花(金钱、时间等)”，符合语境。
12．A.eventually B．especially
C．absolutely D．essentially
解析：选B 尤其是在期末考试的几个星期中，唐人立在学习上花的时间和精力更多。especially“特别，尤其”，符合语境。
13．A.inspiration B．recreation
C．foundation D．motivation
解析：选D 但想到后来的旅行，唐人立动力十足。motivation“动力”。
14．A.cope with B．account for
C．turn down D．make up
解析：选A cope with＝deal with“(成功地)处理，对付”，符合语境。account for“是……的原因”；turn down“拒绝”；make up“构成，编造”。
15．A.enough B．huge
C．limited D．loose
解析：选C 从下文可知，唐人立的旅行预算有限，故用limited。
16．A.slowest B．safest
C．fastest D．cheapest
解析：选D 根据下一句可知，唐人立通常选择“最便宜的”交通方式。
17．A.selfless B．helpless
C．careless D．hopeless
解析：选B 有时候，他会感觉到孤独、无助甚至是处在危险之中。根据空前后的内容可知，此处应表示的是不好的感觉，故helpless“无助的”，符合语境。hopeless“绝望的”，文章并没有体现这一点，故排除。
18．A.enriched B．enlarged
C．endangered D．encouraged
解析：选A 根据转折词But可知，此处表示“虽然有时候他会感到孤独、无助甚至是处在危险之中，但这些阻碍却丰富了他的旅行和生活”，故A项正确。
19．A.build B．design
C．cross D．remove
解析：选C 不要总想着那些不确定的因素，因为船到桥头自然直。cross the bridge“过桥”，符合语境。
20．A.terrible B．important
C．amazing D．negative
解析：选C 一旦你跨出第一步，你就会有那种奇妙的、令人着迷的感觉。amazing“惊人的，了不起的”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
When seven?year?old Sky Nockels learned that black rhinos (犀牛) were an endangered species, he decided to do something to help them. He raised money to adopt a black rhino named Imara at the Great Plains Zoo in South Dakota. By adopting Imara, Sky helps the zoo take care of the rhino’s needs, such as food and a good habitat.
Sky has been a summer camp member at the Great Plains Zoo since he was three. There he and other kids learnt about the animals and did projects for them. “We made juice drinks for the bears，” says Sky. “They enjoyed them.” Another time, he made holes in cardboard tubes and filled them with vegetables for the monkeys. The monkeys had fun plucking (摘) their food from the tubes.
Now that Sky is older, he is playing an even more active role in the care of animals. Since black rhinos are one of Sky’s favorite animals, he decided to adopt Imara first. “I adopted a Grevy’s zebra named Deman, too, for my little brother Alexander，” he says.
Sky raised money to help care for the animals he wanted to adopt. He promised to raise D|S75 for his rhino and D|S25 for Alexander’s zebra. To earn the money, Sky and his grandfather planted a vegetable garden. Sky planted seeds (种子), watered, and weeded (除草). When the time came, he harvested the vegetables and sold them at a stand in front of his parents’ store.
When Sky’s friends heard about the stand, they brought vegetables from their parents’ garden to sell, too. With the help of his friends, he earned enough money to honor his promises.
Sky is one of the youngest people to adopt an animal at the Great Plains Zoo. He cares about the animals and plans to plant and sell vegetables again this summer to help them. “I hope other children do something to help animals, too，” he says.
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了一个七岁的美国儿童是如何帮助濒危动物黑犀牛的故事。作者通过这一故事想鼓励人们都像这个美国儿童一样来帮助濒危动物。
1．The passage is written mainly to________.
A．explain why rhinos are endangered
B．show children how to adopt animals
C．let us know more about endangered animals
D．tell a story about how a kid helps animals
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段可知，文章讲述了一个七岁的美国儿童是如何帮助濒危动物黑犀牛的故事。
2．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A．other kids B．juice drinks
C．animals D．the bears
解析：选B 代词指代题。根据上一句中的“We made juice drinks for the bears”可知，动物园里的熊很喜欢喝他们制作的果汁饮料。
3．According to the passage, Sky raised money by________.
A．selling vegetables he planted
B．working in his parents’ store
C．working in other people’s gardens
D．helping Grandpa plant a garden
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Sky通过自己种菜卖菜的方式为动物筹款。
4．Which of the following is TRUE about Sky?
A．He started to help animals when he was seven.
B．He collected one hundred dollars for Imara.
C．He raised money together with his friends.
D．He adopted a Grevy’s zebra for his grandpa.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，Sky的朋友们看到他卖菜，也把自己家的蔬菜拿来卖，与Sky一起为动物筹款。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
There is a special festival in Thailand that people and animals celebrate together. It’s a festival for Thailand’s elephants — the Surin Elephant Round?up and Elephant Show, __1__ takes place in the third week of November.
People in Surin are good at training elephants. The festival aims __2__ (show) the importance of elephants to Thailand and people’s good relationship __3__ them.
__4__ attracts tourists most is the elephant parade. People __5__ (dress) in traditional Thai clothes and they decorate their elephants colorfully. After the parade, the elephants gather at a place to enjoy breakfast. They will eat up all the fruit __6__ (serve) to them within minutes.
There are many other interesting activities at the festival, too. For example, soccer __7__ (match) and dancing are held among elephants to show their __8__ (strong) and skills.
Elephants have always played __9__ important role in Thailand’s history and culture. People used to use them in wars and they are now important for the logging industry and tourism. An elephant can carry about 500kg logs. They are __10__ (environment) friendly compared to machines.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了在泰国关于大象的节日。
1．which 关系代词which修饰“a festival for Thailand’s elephants”，引导非限制性定语从句。
2．to show aim to do sth.意思是“旨在做某事；目的是做某事”。
3．with relationship with ...是习惯搭配，意思是“与……的关系”。
4．What “What attracts tourists most”是主语从句。
5．are dressed be dressed in是习惯搭配，意思是“穿着……”；这里用一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
6．served served to them是过去分词短语作定语，修饰fruit, serve与逻辑主语fruit之间是动宾关系。
7．matches soccer matches是复数名词，表示一类事物。
8．strength 空格中所填单词在句中作show的宾语，需用strong的名词形式。
9．an play an important role in ...是习惯搭配，意思是“在……中起重要作用或扮演重要角色”。
10．environmentally environmentally friendly是习惯表达，意思是“环保的”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. We lived in a comfortably double?room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high?speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my e?mail messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices and we enjoyed several local dish. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.
答案：第一句：visit→visited
第二句：but→and/so; 去掉第二个to
第三句：comfortably→comfortable
第四句：were→was
第六句：for→with; taking→taken
第七句：dish→dishes
第八句：great前加a; me→mine
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，前不久，为了更好地了解藏羚羊，你班同学参观了可可西里国家级自然保护区，请你写一封邮件将此事告诉你的笔友Simon，内容包括：
1．时间；
2．主要经过；
3．感受和希望。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：可可西里国家级自然保护区： Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve 高原精灵：Highland Elf
Hello Simon，
How are you doing？
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Hello Simon，
How are you doing? To learn more about the rare antelopes, our class visited the Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve on September 15, 2018. Now I’m writing to tell you something about it.
We got there before 7：00 am when the antelopes seemed in their dreams. We walked on our tiptoes so as not to disturb them. But before we approached, they ran away, because of which we had to watch them at a distance. No wonder they are called Highland Elves.
I think maybe it is the killing from us human beings that makes them become so self?protective. If only human beings stopped killing wildlife! If so, this world would be more beautiful. Do you think so?
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
PAGE
1
Module 6 Animals in danger
单元小结
According to statistics from the WWF, standing for World Wide Fund for Nature, over 12,000 animal species are on the brink of being extinct. The WWF has set up many branches in 90 countries in all five continents, aimed at monitoring some projects, involving founding nature reserves, protecting animals’ natural habitats and not wasting energy and protecting the endangered species in the world. Thanks to the WWF’s great efforts, the conditions have greatly improved.
Tibetan antelopes, feeding on grass and living on the Qinghai?Tibetan Plateau were once in danger of extinction because of the poachers’ illegal hunting. Why do poachers hunt the antelope? That is because the antelope’s wool is the most ideal material for coats or shawls. The wool is worth much. Many people are concerned about the antelope’s safety and work as volunteers to protect the antelope as well as other wildlife. In the battles, some of volunteers were killed. The poachers were so cruel that they skinned the antelopes on the spot. Sometimes, police raids make the policemen confiscate many wool and skin products. Meanwhile, the police get tough with the dealer. Now, the number of the antelopes has greatly grown. It is really a wonder.
根据WWF，即世界自然保护基金组织的数据，有12 000个动物物种正处于灭绝的边缘。世界自然保护基金组织现在已经在所有的五大洲的90个国家里建立了很多分支机构，目的是监督一些项目，包括建立自然保护区，保护动物的自然栖息地，不浪费能源以及保护世界上的濒危动物。多亏了世界自然保护基金组织的巨大努力，情况已经有很大的好转。
以草为食，居住在青藏高原上的藏羚羊因为盗猎者的非法猎杀而曾经陷入灭绝的危险中。为什么盗猎者要猎杀藏羚羊呢？那是因为藏羚羊毛是制作大衣和披肩的最理想的材料。这些羊毛很值钱。许多人担心藏羚羊的安全，作为志愿者保护它们及其他的野生生物。在战斗中，有些志愿者被杀害。这些盗猎者是如此地残忍，他们当场对捕获的藏羚羊进行剥皮。有时，警察的突击搜查使他们能没收许多的毛皮制品。同时，警察严惩商人。现在，藏羚羊的数目已有了很大的增长。这确实是一个奇迹。
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
“A one?thousand?mile journey begins with a single step，” as the saying goes. However, what it doesn’t tell us is that once the journey is __1__， it might be hard to stop. That’s the __2__ for Tang Renli, a senior at Nanjing University of Technology, who has traveled more than 200 cities in China __3__ four years of college.
He never __4__ of going to so many places when he completed his first trip to Yangzhou during the Tomb Sweeping Day holiday in his freshman year. From then on he was __5__ on travel. “There is a strange yet fresh __6__ that I’ve never felt before，” Tang said. “It’s __7__ that keeps me exploring new places.”
You may __8__ how Tang could find the time, being a fulltime college student. Did he really __9__ classes to travel? “I gave myself one to two weeks every month for __10__. But I always took care of my class and assignments first，” Tang said. “I __11__ more time and effort on my study __12__ during the finals’ weeks. But thinking of traveling afterwards was my biggest __13__.”
Schoolwork was not the only obstacle Tang had to __14__. His travel budget was __15__， so Tang had to make the most of what he had. He usually took the __16__ form of transport. There were also times when he walked, hitchhiked, and slept in train stations, police offices and vans.
“Sometimes I felt lonely, __17__ and even found myself in danger. But these setbacks __18__ my journey and my life. People often ask me what kind of advice I can give to those who want to do the same，” Tang said.“Don’t think too much about the uncertainties because you’ll __19__ that bridge when you get to it. And once you take your first step, the feeling is __20__ and addictive.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个名叫唐人立的大学生利用大学四年时间，去了国内200多个城市旅行。而他在四处旅行的同时是如何兼顾学习并克服资金方面的困难的呢？看看唐人立是怎样做到的吧！
1．A.started B．decided
C．ended D．finished
解析：选A 旅行一旦开始，可能就难以停下来。结合上下文可知，此处应用started。
2．A.state B．point
C．case D．situation
解析：选C the case表示“实情，事实”，即唐人立就是这样。
3．A.beyond B．for
C．after D．during
解析：选D 根据上下文可知，在大学四年期间唐人立去过中国的200多个城市，during“在……期间”，符合语境。
4．A.spoke B．thought
C．talked D．reminded
解析：选B 在他大一那年清明节假期完成他的第一次扬州之行时，他没有“想到”能去这么多的地方旅行。
5．A.fond B．keen
C．interested D．crazy
解析：选B 从那以后，他就对旅行着了迷。be keen on“对……着迷”，为固定搭配。
6．A.feeling B．spirit
C．touch D．emotion
解析：选A 结合上下文可知，此处表示一种新奇的感觉，故A项feeling符合语境。
7．A.panic B．confusion
C．curiosity D．fear
解析：选C 根据上文中的“strange yet fresh”可知，此处填curiosity“好奇心”。
8．A.see B．expect
C．reply D．wonder
解析：选D 从下文内容可知，此处表示你也许想知道唐人立作为一个全日制大学生怎么会有时间(去旅行)。
9．A.stop B．avoid
C．skip D．neglect
解析：选C skip classes“旷课”，符合语境。
10．A.travel B．entertainment
C．exercise D．study
解析：选A 根据上文的travel和下一句的内容可知，此处表示他每个月给自己一至两周的时间去旅行。
11．A.cost B．spent
C．paid D．took
解析：选B spend ...on sth.表示“在某事上花(金钱、时间等)”，符合语境。
12．A.eventually B．especially
C．absolutely D．essentially
解析：选B 尤其是在期末考试的几个星期中，唐人立在学习上花的时间和精力更多。especially“特别，尤其”，符合语境。
13．A.inspiration B．recreation
C．foundation D．motivation
解析：选D 但想到后来的旅行，唐人立动力十足。motivation“动力”。
14．A.cope with B．account for
C．turn down D．make up
解析：选A cope with＝deal with“(成功地)处理，对付”，符合语境。account for“是……的原因”；turn down“拒绝”；make up“构成，编造”。
15．A.enough B．huge
C．limited D．loose
解析：选C 从下文可知，唐人立的旅行预算有限，故用limited。
16．A.slowest B．safest
C．fastest D．cheapest
解析：选D 根据下一句可知，唐人立通常选择“最便宜的”交通方式。
17．A.selfless B．helpless
C．careless D．hopeless
解析：选B 有时候，他会感觉到孤独、无助甚至是处在危险之中。根据空前后的内容可知，此处应表示的是不好的感觉，故helpless“无助的”，符合语境。hopeless“绝望的”，文章并没有体现这一点，故排除。
18．A.enriched B．enlarged
C．endangered D．encouraged
解析：选A 根据转折词But可知，此处表示“虽然有时候他会感到孤独、无助甚至是处在危险之中，但这些阻碍却丰富了他的旅行和生活”，故A项正确。
19．A.build B．design
C．cross D．remove
解析：选C 不要总想着那些不确定的因素，因为船到桥头自然直。cross the bridge“过桥”，符合语境。
20．A.terrible B．important
C．amazing D．negative
解析：选C 一旦你跨出第一步，你就会有那种奇妙的、令人着迷的感觉。amazing“惊人的，了不起的”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
When seven?year?old Sky Nockels learned that black rhinos (犀牛) were an endangered species, he decided to do something to help them. He raised money to adopt a black rhino named Imara at the Great Plains Zoo in South Dakota. By adopting Imara, Sky helps the zoo take care of the rhino’s needs, such as food and a good habitat.
Sky has been a summer camp member at the Great Plains Zoo since he was three. There he and other kids learnt about the animals and did projects for them. “We made juice drinks for the bears，” says Sky. “They enjoyed them.” Another time, he made holes in cardboard tubes and filled them with vegetables for the monkeys. The monkeys had fun plucking (摘) their food from the tubes.
Now that Sky is older, he is playing an even more active role in the care of animals. Since black rhinos are one of Sky’s favorite animals, he decided to adopt Imara first. “I adopted a Grevy’s zebra named Deman, too, for my little brother Alexander，” he says.
Sky raised money to help care for the animals he wanted to adopt. He promised to raise D|S75 for his rhino and D|S25 for Alexander’s zebra. To earn the money, Sky and his grandfather planted a vegetable garden. Sky planted seeds (种子), watered, and weeded (除草). When the time came, he harvested the vegetables and sold them at a stand in front of his parents’ store.
When Sky’s friends heard about the stand, they brought vegetables from their parents’ garden to sell, too. With the help of his friends, he earned enough money to honor his promises.
Sky is one of the youngest people to adopt an animal at the Great Plains Zoo. He cares about the animals and plans to plant and sell vegetables again this summer to help them. “I hope other children do something to help animals, too，” he says.
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了一个七岁的美国儿童是如何帮助濒危动物黑犀牛的故事。作者通过这一故事想鼓励人们都像这个美国儿童一样来帮助濒危动物。
1．The passage is written mainly to________.
A．explain why rhinos are endangered
B．show children how to adopt animals
C．let us know more about endangered animals
D．tell a story about how a kid helps animals
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段可知，文章讲述了一个七岁的美国儿童是如何帮助濒危动物黑犀牛的故事。
2．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A．other kids B．juice drinks
C．animals D．the bears
解析：选B 代词指代题。根据上一句中的“We made juice drinks for the bears”可知，动物园里的熊很喜欢喝他们制作的果汁饮料。
3．According to the passage, Sky raised money by________.
A．selling vegetables he planted
B．working in his parents’ store
C．working in other people’s gardens
D．helping Grandpa plant a garden
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Sky通过自己种菜卖菜的方式为动物筹款。
4．Which of the following is TRUE about Sky?
A．He started to help animals when he was seven.
B．He collected one hundred dollars for Imara.
C．He raised money together with his friends.
D．He adopted a Grevy’s zebra for his grandpa.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，Sky的朋友们看到他卖菜，也把自己家的蔬菜拿来卖，与Sky一起为动物筹款。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
There is a special festival in Thailand that people and animals celebrate together. It’s a festival for Thailand’s elephants — the Surin Elephant Round?up and Elephant Show, __1__ takes place in the third week of November.
People in Surin are good at training elephants. The festival aims __2__ (show) the importance of elephants to Thailand and people’s good relationship __3__ them.
__4__ attracts tourists most is the elephant parade. People __5__ (dress) in traditional Thai clothes and they decorate their elephants colorfully. After the parade, the elephants gather at a place to enjoy breakfast. They will eat up all the fruit __6__ (serve) to them within minutes.
There are many other interesting activities at the festival, too. For example, soccer __7__ (match) and dancing are held among elephants to show their __8__ (strong) and skills.
Elephants have always played __9__ important role in Thailand’s history and culture. People used to use them in wars and they are now important for the logging industry and tourism. An elephant can carry about 500kg logs. They are __10__ (environment) friendly compared to machines.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了在泰国关于大象的节日。
1．which 关系代词which修饰“a festival for Thailand’s elephants”，引导非限制性定语从句。
2．to show aim to do sth.意思是“旨在做某事；目的是做某事”。
3．with relationship with ...是习惯搭配，意思是“与……的关系”。
4．What “What attracts tourists most”是主语从句。
5．are dressed be dressed in是习惯搭配，意思是“穿着……”；这里用一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
6．served served to them是过去分词短语作定语，修饰fruit, serve与逻辑主语fruit之间是动宾关系。
7．matches soccer matches是复数名词，表示一类事物。
8．strength 空格中所填单词在句中作show的宾语，需用strong的名词形式。
9．an play an important role in ...是习惯搭配，意思是“在……中起重要作用或扮演重要角色”。
10．environmentally environmentally friendly是习惯表达，意思是“环保的”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. We lived in a comfortably double?room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high?speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my e?mail messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices and we enjoyed several local dish. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.
答案：第一句：visit→visited
第二句：but→and/so; 去掉第二个to
第三句：comfortably→comfortable
第四句：were→was
第六句：for→with; taking→taken
第七句：dish→dishes
第八句：great前加a; me→mine
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，前不久，为了更好地了解藏羚羊，你班同学参观了可可西里国家级自然保护区，请你写一封邮件将此事告诉你的笔友Simon，内容包括：
1．时间；
2．主要经过；
3．感受和希望。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：可可西里国家级自然保护区： Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve 高原精灵：Highland Elf
Hello Simon，
How are you doing？
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Hello Simon，
How are you doing? To learn more about the rare antelopes, our class visited the Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve on September 15, 2018. Now I’m writing to tell you something about it.
We got there before 7：00 am when the antelopes seemed in their dreams. We walked on our tiptoes so as not to disturb them. But before we approached, they ran away, because of which we had to watch them at a distance. No wonder they are called Highland Elves.
I think maybe it is the killing from us human beings that makes them become so self?protective. If only human beings stopped killing wildlife! If so, this world would be more beautiful. Do you think so?
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
(Modules 5－6)
第一部分 听力 (满分30分，限时20分钟)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the speakers talking about?
A．How the man became a driver.
B．How the man had the accident.
C．How the man bought the ticket.
2．What does the man suggest the woman do?
A．Repair the old TV set.
B．Buy a new TV set.
C．Keep the old TV set.
3．How many people failed in the first interview?
A．4. B．12. C．16.
4．How will the guests go to the airport?
A．By car. B．By bus. C．By taxi.
5．Where will the man go?
A．To the theatre.
B．To the library.
C．To the church.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．When did Dr. R. Sun plan to check out?
A．On January 7th.
B．On January 14th.
C．On January 21st.
7．What does the man want to do?
A．Book a room.
B．Cancel a booking.
C．Change a booking.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．How did the man know Dr. Carter’s office?
A．He found it on the Internet.
B．He saw it himself.
C．His friend recommended it.
9．When will the man meet Dr. Carter?
A．At 7：30 am, Tuesday.
B．At 4：00 pm, Wednesday.
C．At 8：00 am, Thursday.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What does the man think of flower arranging?
A．Boring. B．Useful. C．Interesting.
11．Why doesn’t the man want to take photography?
A．It lasts too long.
B．It’s expensive.
C．It looks boring.
12．What course will the woman take?
A．Indian cooking.
B．Flower arranging.
C．Web design.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Why does Jack say he had better stay at home?
A．He has got a fever.
B．He has to write his paper.
C．He doesn’t like the party.
14．What day is it today?
A．Wednesday. B．Thursday. C．Friday.
15．Why won’t Jack lend his car to Anne?
A．He will use it.
B．He has lent it to someone else.
C．Anne hasn’t got a driver’s license.
16．What did Jack finally decide to do?
A．Go to the party.
B．Drive Anne to the party.
C．Call a taxi for Anne.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What won’t you find in Albert Einstein’s wardrobe?
A．Ties. B．Gloves. C．Socks.
18．What did Einstein usually eat in the morning?
A．Pancakes.
B．Cabbage soup.
C．Strawberry ice cream.
19．Where will the company open the Fame Hotel next year?
A．In London.
B．In New York.
C．In Paris.
20．Which room does the speaker wish to stay in?
A．Albert Einstein’s.
B．Elvis Presley’s.
C．Winston Churchill’s.
答案：1～5 BBBCB 6～10 CBBCA
11～15 BABAC 16～20 BCBBC
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：I don’t understand how you got a ticket. I thought you were a careful driver.
M：I usually am, but I thought I could get through the crossing before the lights turned red. I was driving too fast so I hit a car.
(Text 2)
W：Can you tell me how much it costs to repair the TV set?
M：Well, the set is very old. It’ll cost about 100 pounds. However, a new one may cost you 120 pounds more or less. So it’s not worth repairing.
(Text 3)
W：How many people are they interviewing?
M：They interviewed sixteen the first time, and now four of us were chosen to go back for the second interview.
W：I hope it goes well. Good luck. I hope you can get the job.
(Text 4)
M：The guests are leaving for New York today on the 11 o’clock flight. It’s too late. So there will be no bus then. We need someone to get them to the airport on time.
W：I’d be happy to, but my car is under repair now.
M：In that case, we have to call a taxi.
(Text 5)
W：Mary and I are going to the concert. Do you want to come, too?
M：Sorry, but I’m meeting Jane. She’s writing an article and she has asked me to help collect materials for it.
W：An article? About what?
M：Oh, just old churches. Anyway, I’ll see her at the library at half past two.
(Text 6)
W：Sunshine Hotel, may I help you?
M：Yes, I’m phoning up because I have booked a room for an overseas visitor who won’t be able to come now and so I’ll have to cancel it, I’m afraid.
W：What is the name, please?
M：It was a double room booked in the name of Dr. R. Sun from January 14th, for a week.
W：Ah, yes, I’ve got it. And now you want to change the booking, do you?
M：I wish I could, but it now appears that he won’t be able to come at all.
W：Well, sir, I’ll cancel it then. I hope we can help you some other time.
(Text 7)
W：Dr. Carter’s Office.
M：I’d like to make an appointment with Dr. Carter, please.
W：Okay. Could I have your name please?
M：Yes. My name is Ronald Schuller.
W：And may I ask who referred you to our office?
M：Uh, I drove past your office yesterday and I saw your number.
W：Okay. How about the day after tomorrow on Wednesday at 4 o’clock?
M：Uh. Do you happen to have an opening in the morning? I usually pick up my kids from school around that time.
W：Okay. How about Tuesday or Thursday at 8：00 am?
M：Can it be earlier, like 7：30?
W：No. I’m sorry.
M：Well, in that case, Thursday would be fine.
(Text 8)
W：Look! Here is the information about the evening courses.
M：Flower arranging. That’s a real course? Why would someone want to do that?
W：You watch TV for 3 hours every Saturday and many people find that boring too.
M：OK, relax. Let’s see what else is there.
W：Photography. That looks interesting.
M：But look at the price. I don’t think I can afford it. Web design is pretty cheap. What do you think?
W：I don’t want to work on the computer in the evening.
M：Hey, look, how about Indian cooking? It starts this week. A little bit expensive.
W：You know how much I love Indian food. I’ll call them tomorrow to see if they want new students.
M：OK.
(Text 9)
W：Hey, Jack. Are you going to the party in town tonight?
M：No, I’d better stay at home.
W：Why? It is your favorite.
M：Well ... no.
W：Jack, are you yourself? What has happened? Are you having a fever?
M：Not really. It’s all because of my professor. We were asked to turn in a paper on Friday morning, but I haven’t started writing even a single word.
W：Why didn’t you write it?
M：I was very busy these days. I had been preparing for my English exam all the time, so I had no time.
W：Oh, come on. I think you should have a good rest. Let’s enjoy this free Wednesday night.
M：Anne, listen, I really can’t.
W：Are you serious?
M：Yes, you know it means a lot to me.
W：OK, I understand. I will go by myself. Could you lend me your car, please?
M：But you don’t have a driver’s license.
W：Who cares?
M：Well, well, Anne. I am going to drive you there and you can call a taxi when the party is over.
W：All right.
(Text 10)
(M) What would your life be like if you were Albert Einstein? What clothes would be in your wardrobe if you were Madonna? Well now you can discover the answer to all these questions at the Fame Hotel in California.
When you enter the room, you enter the life of a famous person. The owner of the hotel has tried to fill the room with objects, clothes, even food that he thinks the stars would have liked. Madonna’s wardrobe is full of beautiful white dresses; Albert Einstein doesn’t have any socks in his wardrobe because he never wore them! I spoke to one guest staying in the Elvis Presley room. “I love this hotel，” he said to me. “I wanted to know what Elvis Presley would eat for breakfast and now I know.” That guest eats pancakes and strawberry ice cream every morning, just as Elvis liked to do. On the next table, the Einstein room’s guest is eating cabbage soup! The company plans to open another Fame Hotel in New York next year and there are plans to expand into Europe too. I look forward to staying in the Winston Churchill suite in London!
第二部分 阅读理解 (满分40分，限时35分钟)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Over the past 20 years, scientists studying monarch butterflies have noticed that the number of monarchs has dropped by about 90 percent. But help may soon be on the way for these bright?orange?and?black butterflies.
Recently a petition (请愿) was sent by the Center for Biological Diversity, the Center for Food Safety, and the Xerces Society to the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service, who announced it would take a year to decide whether the butterflies should be considered an endangered or a threatened species. By officially labeling monarchs as endangered, the government can then carry out specific plans to help increase the population of monarch butterflies.
Monarch butterflies are known for their impressive, almost 3,000?mile migration each fall. When the weather starts to get cooler, the butterflies move from summer habitats in Canada and the northern U．S. to warmer winter homes in Mexico and California.
The drop in numbers of this beloved butterfly is partly because of farming practices in the U．S. Midwest, where monarchs are first born. Many farmers there use herbicides, or chemicals that destroy unwanted plants. Unfortunately, the herbicides are also destroying the milkweed plant, which monarch caterpillars (幼虫) feed on.
In the past 20 years, monarch butterflies have lost about 165 million acres of their habitats — an area about the size of Texas. That’s about a third of their summer breeding grounds (繁殖地). And most of their wintering grounds in Mexico and California have suffered from droughts, heat waves, and severe storms, which have been damaging to the creatures. Heavy logging (伐木) in these regions has also been destroying monarch habitats.
If officials label monarchs endangered, the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service will try their best to ensure that monarchs do not die out.
“To protect our nation’s wildlife, the government should recognize the dangerous situation of monarchs，” says Sarina Jepsen of the Xerces Society. “Protection as an endangered species will enable monarch habitat recovery on both public and private lands.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为拯救危难之中的北美帝王蝶，一些组织请愿将帝王蝶列为濒危物种，美国相关部门正在对此进行审议。
21．The purpose of the petition is probably to ask the U．S. government to ________.
A．take measures to stop monarchs moving
B．provide new natural habitats for monarchs
C．add monarchs to the list of protected species
D．work out how many monarchs there are
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“it would take a year to decide whether the butterflies should be considered an endangered or a threatened species”以及“By officially labeling monarchs as endangered”可知，由于北美帝王蝶数量的骤减，一些组织向美国政府请愿，请求把帝王蝶纳入到濒危物种名单中，从而使政府制定计划来使帝王蝶的数量回升。
22．Each fall, monarch butterflies ________.
A．change their color from orange to black
B．need a lot of milkweed to feed themselves
C．die in large numbers because of the weather
D．travel long distances to look for warmer habitats
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“known for their impressive, almost 3,000?mile migration each fall”可知，帝王蝶每年秋天都会从北美洲飞行约3 000英里到墨西哥和加利福尼亚州过冬。
23．Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly discuss ________.
A．the habitats monarchs prefer
B．the hard times monarchs are facing
C．the food monarch caterpillars feed on
D．the places where monarchs are first born
解析：选B 段落大意题。第四段和第五段主要分析了帝王蝶数量急剧下降的原因，即帝王蝶如今所面临的困境——除草剂的使用使得帝王蝶幼虫的食物遭到破坏；帝王蝶赖以生存的栖息地遭到严重破坏。
24．If officials label monarchs endangered, Sarina Jepsen will be very ________.
A．proud B．pleased
C．nervous D．surprised
解析：选B 推理判断题。Sarina Jepsen来自于向政府请愿的组织the Xerces Society，因此如果政府官员同意把帝王蝶纳入濒危物种名单中，他一定会很高兴。
B
While most school?aged kids are returning to classes with stories of summer hiking and camping, a 9?year?old boy in northern Michigan is sharing the story of how he broke a world record.
Braden Dubois, a student at Inland Lakes Elementary, was able to set a new world record this summer as the youngest stock car driver on the planet. According to The World Record Academy, Dubois has met the requirements to officially become the world’s youngest stock car racer.
“When my father told me that I had a chance to set the record, I wanted to go for it，” Braden said.
Braden’s parents, Krista and Jim Dubois, own the Onaway Speedway and made it possible for Braden to race by allowing him to compete in the 12?year?old age class. Having long been racing fans, the couple purchased the speedway about three years ago and said they enjoyed running it with their family since.
“I was a little nervous about him racing at first，” Krista said. “Once Jim worked with him and I saw how safe and responsible he was I felt much better.”
Krista said the safety gear (装置) they had installed (安装) in Braden’s car is very similar to the equipment used in Nascar races. Braden drives a 1996 Chevy Cavalier, with a four?cylinder (汽缸) engine. The car was purchased for him to race in and is the car he drove to set the record, completing the whole season.
“I spun out a couple of times in it，” Braden said. “The first time I was frightened, but I get used to it.”
Braden is one of the top racers in his league at Onaway Speedway and has received three awards for top?5 finishes this season.“You can’t just get in a car and race，” Braden said. “It’s important to know that you have to learn first, and be safe.”
语篇解读：密歇根州北部9岁的小学生布雷登·杜布瓦正在分享他打破世界纪录的故事：在这个夏天他正式成为世界上最年轻的赛车手。
25．The best title for the passage is ________.
A．Braden Dubois, a Student at Inland Lakes Elementary
B．The World’s Youngest Stock Car Racer — Braden
C．Nine?year?old Braden Dubois and His Parents
D．How School?aged Kids Spend Their Summer
解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据第一、二段可知本文主要讲述一个9岁男孩正式成为世界上最年轻的赛车手的故事，故选B项。
26．According to the passage we can learn that Braden’s parents________.
A．are the owners of Onaway Speedway
B．have been racing fans for nine years
C．were nervous when Braden broke the world record
D．allowed him to compete in the 12?student class
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知布雷登的父母拥有一个赛车道，故选A项。
27．The underlined word “spun” in Paragraph 7 is the closest in meaning to “________”．
A．broke down B．put down
C．belonged to D．drove quickly
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子可知布雷登已经数次开车疾驰，故选D项。
28．We can learn from the passage that Braden is________.
A．afraid of failure B．fond of challenges
C．often nervous D．good at science
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段布雷登所说的话可知一旦他得知自己有机会创造纪录，就去做这件事，因此他是乐于接受挑战的，故选B项。
C
The Winter Olympics are also called the White Olympics. At this time, many colorful stamps are published to mark the great games. The first stamps marking the opening came out on January 25,1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From then on, publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.
During the 4th Winter Olympic Games, a group of stamps were published in Germany in November 1936. The five rings of Olympics were drawn on the front of the sportswear. It was the first time that the five rings appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics.
In the 1950’s, the stamps of this kind became more colorful. When the White Olympics came, the host countries (东道国) as well as the non?host countries published stamps to mark those games. China also published four stamps in February 1980, when the Chinese sportsmen began to take part in the White Olympics.
Japan is the only Asian country that has ever held the White Olympics. Altogether 14,500 million stamps were sold to raise money for this sports meet.
Different kinds of sports were drawn on these small stamps. People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some sportsmen.
语篇解读：本文介绍了冬奥会的一些情况。想更多地了解冬奥会吗？那就读读本文吧。29．The Winter Olympics are held once________.
A．every two years B．every three years
C．every four years D．every five years
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章内容在1932年举行第三届冬季奥林匹克运动会，在1936年举行第四届冬季奥林匹克运动会，由此推知每四年举行一次。
30．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Only the host countries can publish stamps to mark those games.
B．Only the non?host countries can publish stamps to mark those games.
C．All the countries can publish stamps to mark those games.
D．Japan can’t publish stamps to mark those games.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“When the White Olympics came, the host countries (东道国) as well as the non?host countries published stamps to mark those games.”可知答案为C。
31．What may appear on the stamps of the White Olympics?
A．Basketball. B．Table tennis.
C．Football. D．Skating.
解析：选D 推理判断题。文章的主题是冬季奥林匹克运动会，所以最可能出现在邮票上的是skating (滑冰)。
D
Not every parent looks at education in the same light. Some prefer the public school approach, while other parents would rather take their child’s learning experience into their own hands at home.
Reports state there has been a 75 percent increase in homeschooling in the US since 1999. Over two million American children are homeschooled now. Parents can tailor (定做) their children’s classes, environment and schedule in order to fit the needs of the family, which is very convenient.
There is a dark side to this educational freedom, though. Homeschooling is completely legal, but in most states parents are only required to sign a paper expressing their intention to homeschool their child. It is only when there is doubt of misconduct or mistreatment that officials will look more into the authenticity (可靠性) of the level of education and care of the child within the home.
Blindly trusting parents to give their kids a proper learning experience at home without any outside intervention (干预) is putting children at risk for losing out on a basic standard education. There is no confirmed statistic that shows homeschooled children do any better in study than those in public and private schools. A study in 2013, in fact, showed homeschoolers can be at a disadvantage and pointed out a serious educational gap.
Homeschooling can also create more opportunities for mistreatment in households that struggle with home violence. One frightening case in particular involved 10?year?old Raashanai Jones, who was found dead in her home, where her mother was supposed to be providing a safe haven and a basic education for her. Raashanai was 55 pounds, and neighbors didn’t even know she existed because they had never seen her outside.
Many times when there is a problem with a child, whether it being mental, physical or educational, teachers and peers are the first to take notice. Taking this opportunity away from the child without giving back is a huge harm to the child and the community at large.
语篇解读：在美国，很多父母选择在家里教育孩子们，但作者对此表达了自己的担忧。32．According to Paragraph 2, some parents prefer homeschooling because ________.
A．homeschooling can save much money
B．they can control their children’s education
C．they want their children to stay in a safer place
D．they want their children to help them with housework
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Parents can tailor (定做) their child’s classes, environment and schedule in order to fit the needs of the family, which is very convenient.”可知，许多家长选择在家教育孩子是因为他们能够掌控孩子的教育。
33．What can be inferred about homeschooling in Paragraph 3?
A．It should be made illegal in the US.
B．It has more disadvantages than advantages.
C．It has no authenticity of the level of education.
D．It’s easy for parents to get the permission for that.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段的“but in most states parents are only required to sign a paper expressing their intention to homeschool their child”可知，可推断，申请在家教育孩子并没有什么门槛。
34．Why does the author give the example of 10?year?old Raashanai Jones?
A．To show her mother is cruel.
B．To show children should go outdoors.
C．To show homeschooling may not be safe for kids.
D．To show home violence is dangerous.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第五段的“One frightening case in particular involved 10?year?old Raashanai Jones, who was found dead in her home, where her mother was supposed to be providing a safe haven and a basic education for her.”可知这个例子能够表明在家教育形式可能会让孩子陷入危险。
35．What’s most probably the author’s attitude towards homeschooling?
A．Supportive. B．Concerned.
C．Scared. D．Uninterested.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据文中的“One frightening case ...”和最后一段最后一句“Taking this opportunity away from the child without giving back is a huge harm to the child and the community at large.”等信息，可以看出作者对在家教育感到担忧。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Being able to do things yourself without the help of experts can save you a lot of money in the long run. Here are the areas where you should consider improving your DIY skills!
__36__ And there are lots of areas to consider here: electricity, roofing, painting, etc. While there are some simple jobs you can take on, you should also acknowledge when a job is a little too dangerous for you, or requires the skills you don’t have.
Car repairs are another matter. Getting car maintenance (维修) done by others can become very expensive. What we’re talking about here are the basic tasks you can often complete. __37__ These aren’t things you need to leave to the professionals.
Home cooking is often seen as the most expensive way to get your daily food in the US. But when you can get food from your own land, home cooking can save you hundreds of dollars every year. __38__ This also ensures that you get the freshest food ingredients.
Easter, Halloween and Christmas — these holidays may cost you a lot every year. Of course you can bring the DIY mindset to holidays. __39__ And if you are skilled enough, you can get the quality your family want on special days.
Sewing (缝纫) is a DIY skill that a lot of people think they don’t need. You may have holes in your socks and pockets, tears in your shirts and splits in your pants. __40__ However, when you can fix these things, you can end up saving much money.
A．Think about how to cut unnecessary costs.
B．The common solution is to simply buy new clothes.
C．Try checking tire pressure, changing oil or testing brakes.
D．Consider growing whatever produce your garden can handle.
E．Try things like making bookshelves and wood tables yourself.
F．When most people think about DIY，they think about home repairs.
G．It is a good choice to make gifts, decorations and costumes yourself.
答案：36～40 FCDGB
第三部分 语言知识运用 (满分45分，限时30分钟)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I have been driving for over 30 years, but I can still remember my first time behind the wheel as if it were yesterday.
It was a Sunday morning. My mom drove our big blue Buick to a(n) __41__ road and parked it. She knew there was little chance of meeting any __42__ on it. With a smile she gave me the keys and __43__ seats with me. Then she told me to __44__ the car, put it into drive, and gently push on the gas pedal (踏板). I was so __45__ that I misunderstood what “gently” meant. I pushed on the gas pedal __46__， the car sped forward, and __47__ I could turn the wheel I heard the noise of metal against the roadside stone wall. I stopped the car and __48__ my mom. Her face was __49__ and her hands were shaking. Slowly she __50__ her door and looked at the damaged paint along the side of the car. Then she walked __51__ around the car to the driver’s side door. I kept waiting for her to __52__ at me but she just said, “Well, that’s enough for today. We’ll try again tomorrow.”
As I look back on that day, I am amazed at the amount of kindness and __53__ my mom showed me then. I terrified her, __54__ her car, and probably __55__ a thousand gray hairs to her head. Yet she __56__ me and continued to teach me how to drive. She gave me a wonderful example of the __57__ and forgiveness that day.
In the years that followed, I made __58__ many times. Often I felt that I didn’t __59__ to be forgiven, but each time I could hear my mom’s gentle voice saying, “We’ll try again tomorrow.” Then I would immediately __60__ to my feet and be ready to try again tomorrow.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者第一次学车撞到了路基，车严重受损。母亲并没有责怪作者，而是鼓励作者明天继续练习。每当作者遭受挫折的时候，母亲的话语“明天继续”就会在耳边响起，激励作者不断前进。
41．A.awful B．empty
C．busy D．narrow
解析：选B 根据上下文可知，母亲开着车来到一个“空荡荡的”路上。
42．A.traffic B．stranger
C．friend D．transport
解析：选A 根据上文可知，这里很少有机会遇见“车辆”。
43．A.took B．gave
C．changed D．exchanged
解析：选D 根据上下文可知，母亲教作者学车，要和作者“交换”主驾驶位置。
44．A.stop B．start
C．use D．drive
解析：选B 根据上下文可知，母亲告诉作者“启动”车，使车行驶。
45．A.surprised B．relaxed
C．excited D．embarrassed
解析：选C 根据上下文语境，当时的作者正处于“兴奋”之中。
46．A.hard B．gently
C．fast D．carefully
解析：选A 根据上下文可知，作者由于兴奋误解了轻轻踩踏板的意思，反而“用力”踩踏板。
47．A.when B．until
C．before D．while
解析：选C 根据下文撞到路基上可知，作者当时还没来得及打方向盘。
48．A.looked forward to B．looked down on
C．looked up to D．looked over at
解析：选D 根据下文“Her face was __49__ and her hands were shaking.”可知，作者刹住车并“望着”母亲。
49．A.red B．blue
C．grey D．pale
解析：选D 根据下文母亲的手在打颤可知，母亲的脸色因害怕而变得“苍白”。
50．A.pulled B．closed
C．opened D．broke
解析：选C 根据下文母亲下了车可知，她缓缓地“打开”了车门。
51．A.quietly B．happily
C．angrily D．nervously
解析：选A 根据下文母亲非常温和地安慰作者，没有任何的训斥，可以排除C和D。鉴于当时的场景，也不可能是高兴的，故选A。
52．A.call B．shout
C．stare D．smile
解析：选B 根据下文“but she just said, ’Well, that’s enough for today. We’ll try again tomorrow.’”可知妈妈并没有朝作者“大吼”。
53．A.strictness B．patience
C．carefulness D．expectation
解析：选B 根据上文可知，母亲对作者表现出很大的“耐心”。
54．A.damaged B．borrowed
C．sold D．stole
解析：选A 根据上文可知，母亲的车严重“受损”。
55．A.moved B．grew
C．sent D．added
解析：选D 作者的行为让母亲“添”了无数白发。
56．A.praised B．beat
C．forgave D．scolded
解析：选C 根据上文母亲没有责备作者并劝作者明天继续练可知，母亲“原谅”了作者犯的错。
57．A.love B．fear
C．worry D．trouble
解析：选A 那天母亲给作者树立了一个“爱”与宽容的榜样。
58．A.success B．progress
C．excuses D．mistakes
解析：选D 根据下文可知，在接下来的几年里，作者又犯了很多“错误”。
59．A.regret B．deserve
C．pretend D．appreciate
解析：选B 根据下文推测，作者经常感觉自己不“值得”被原谅。
60．A.run B．lead
C．rise D．rush
解析：选C rise to one’s feet意为“站起身”。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the days following the destruction from last week’s tornadoes (龙卷风), we’ve collected several stories of people helping each other in the town. Well before there were __61__ (organize) rescue efforts, people had done __62__ they could to make sure their neighbors were fine.
Armstrong is a worker and always has his toolbox __63__ him. He was at a barber shop in a now __64__ (heavy) damaged shopping mall before the tornado came. It was when he noticed the roofs fell off the buildings that he realized what happened. He knew that a lot of people __65__ (be) inside the buildings, so he devoted all his efforts to __66__ (help) those in need. “It was my time to be active and see what I could do __67__ (get) people out of here，” he said. A few blocks away, a mother lost everything a day before her son’s 6th birthday. Some college __68__ (student) provided decorations, cakes, and gifts for the family __69__ they could still celebrate. The child’s mother, Britney Tolbert, said she __70__ (touch) by all they had done for her son. No matter how they helped, everyone said it’s just what they had to do.
61．________ 62.________ 63.________ 64.________
65．________ 66.________ 67.________ 68.________
69．________ 70.________
答案：61.organized 62.what/whatever 63.with
64．heavily 65.were 66.helping 67.to get
68．students 69.so 70.was touched
第四部分 写作 (满分35分，限时35分钟)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I have a lot of neighbors, but here I only talk with the family who lives next door. The host, calling Luan, is a postman and his wife is a mathematics teacher. They have a lovely daughter, whom is six years old. Mr. Luan is a very helpful man. Whenever we have letters to post, he will post it for us. Mrs. Luan works in a high school. Although she is very busy, but whenever I have problem with my homework, she’ll help me. She had taught me a lot of things. What’s more, she is a good cook and enjoy baking delicious cakes for her family and neighbors. I am very luckily that I have such good neighbor.
答案：第一句：with→about
第二句：calling→called
第三句：whom→who
第五句：it→them
第七句：去掉but; problem→problems
第八句：had→has
第九句：enjoy→enjoys
第十句：luckily→lucky; such后加a
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
请你以学生会(Students’ Union)的名义，写一则通知张贴在校门口的布告牌上。内容包括：
1．根据天气预报今晚有大雨，最后离开的同学务必关好门窗。
2．原定明天举行的运动会再定时间，天气转晴后会另行通知，明天照常上课。
3．明天较冷，同学们要穿暖和点。
4．骑车上学的同学骑车时不要打伞。
5．请大家相互转告。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Notice
Boys and girls，
The weather forecast is calling for heavy rain tonight. So whoever leaves the classroom last must ensure that all the windows and doors are well closed. Moreover, the sports meet, which was planned to be held tomorrow, will be rescheduled. Further notice will be given when it clears up. Tomorrow, we will have classes as usual, so remember to be here on time.
It will be colder tomorrow, so please wear warmer clothing. Those who come to school by bike had better not ride with an open umbrella in case any accident happens.
Please inform those who haven’t heard about or read this notice.
Students’ Union
(模块综合)
第一部分 听力 (满分30分，限时20分钟)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the man doing?
A．Booking two tickets.
B．Taking a class.
C．Checking his baggage.
2．Where are the woman and Mike going during the vacation?
A．To London. B．To Boston. C．To Beijing.
3．Why is it a pity for the man?
A．He missed the news on TV.
B．He can’t travel to the South.
C．He can’t visit his friends.
4．What does the man mean?
A．He wants the fish and a side salad.
B．The fried fish is his favorite.
C．He isn’t very hungry.
5．What are the speakers talking about?
A．A hospital. B．A city. C．A river.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the man’s plan?
A．To take a dress design course.
B．To watch a football game.
C．To take a trip to London.
7．Who is going to pick the man up?
A．The woman’s son.
B．The woman’s brother.
C．The woman.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What is wrong with the woman?
A．She has a stomachache.
B．She has a headache.
C．She has a bad cold.
9．What does the man want to do for the woman?
A．Buy her some medicine.
B．Give her a ride home.
C．Help with her homework.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What did the woman do tonight?
A．She went to the movies.
B．She attended a party.
C．She visited her friends.
11．How does the man feel?
A．Surprised. B．Disappointed. C．Angry.
12．What did the woman forget to do?
A．To call her father.
B．To ask for permission.
C．To review the rules.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Which law is the same in both of the speakers’ countries?
A．The law about drinking.
B．The law about smoking.
C．The law about teen health.
14．What does the man think of the traffic rules in England?
A．Interesting. B．Unusual. C．Helpful.
15．How many laws are mentioned in the conversation?
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.
16．What is the last law that the woman mentioned?
A．Not damaging the litter bins.
B．Leaving litter once a week.
C．Not leaving litter in public places.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Which of the following do most English people today prefer for breakfast?
A．Hot or cold grain.
B．Baked beans.
C．Mushrooms.
18．What is the usual time for lunch in England?
A．From 11：30 to 1：00.
B．From 12：00 to 1：30.
C．From 11：30 to 1：30.
19．Where do English people usually put their fish and chips?
A．In a plastic bag.
B．In a paper box.
C．In a piece of paper.
20．Which of the following is the old?fashioned meaning of “tea”？
A．A time to snack.
B．The last main meal of a day.
C．A time to have tiny cakes and sweets.
答案：1～5 ACBAC 6～10 CBABB
11～15 CAABB 16～20 CABCB
听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Are there train tickets to London on September 1st? I’d like two tickets for the first?class cabin.
W：Let me check. Yes, there are.
(Text 2)
M：I’ll leave for London next Monday, and then I’ll fly to Boston from there. Do you have any vacation plans, Michelle?
W：Mike and I will travel to Beijing to see my parents for the Spring Festival.
(Text 3)
W：Have you seen the news on TV that there’s been serious flooding in the South?
M：Yes, I have. My friends and I have got to cancel our travel plans.
W：What a pity! I know you’ve been looking forward to it for months.
(Text 4)
W：Are you ready to place your order?
M：I haven’t decided yet. Can you give me some advice?
W：Sure! Our special today is the fried fish with rice.
M：The fish sounds nice. Can I get that with a side salad?
(Text 5)
W：Is the River Thames still polluted?
M：It certainly used to be. I remember it used to smell awful, and if you fell in, you had to be taken to hospital.
W：That sounds terrible!
M：But in the 1960s, they cleaned it up, and in fact it’s now one of the cleanest city rivers in the UK.
(Text 6)
W：Hello, Jack! It’s Emily.
M：Hi, Emily! How has your dress designing been going in London?
W：Pretty good. And how was your football game in Paris?
M：It was great. We won — and I was named the best player of the game.
W：Congratulations! You’re always the best.
M：Thanks. Oh, did I tell you about my trip to London?
W：Yes. When are you coming?
M：I will be arriving at around 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.
W：Oh, dear. I can’t meet you at the airport because I have an appointment with my son’s headmaster then, but I can ask my brother Bob to pick you up.
M：That’s good. Thanks a lot!
(Text 7)
W：I am sorry, but I cannot stay for the rest of class today.
M：Why do you need to leave early?
W：I don’t feel so good.
M：What seems to be the matter?
W：I feel sick to my stomach.
M：Perhaps you should get checked out at the Student Health Center before you go home.
W：I have some medicine at home that I could take.
M：Would you like me to give you a ride, or would you like someone to go with you?
W：Thank you, but the bus stop is right beside my house.
M：I hope that you feel better soon. E?mail me if you have any questions. Make sure you check the website for your homework.
(Text 8)
M：Do you realize what time it is? I’ve already finished a whole movie.
W：I’m sorry; I didn’t realize that it was so late. We were enjoying ourselves at the party and ... and I forgot the time.
M：Do you honestly believe that is a good excuse?
W：Not really. I’m telling the truth. I think most of my friends got home late tonight.
M：Haven’t I asked you to call if you’re going to be home late?
W：Yeah, you did. I just forgot to call.
M：That’s beside the point. You still should have called.
W：You’re right. I’m sorry.
M：Next time you come in late without calling, don’t even bother coming home.
W：You would really make me spend the night outside?
M：Yes. Maybe then you’ll figure out how to follow the rules.
W：Dad, I promise this won’t happen again.
(Text 9)
W：Welcome to England, and I hope your visit here will be a pleasant one. I’d like to draw your attention to a few of our laws.
M：Thanks.
W：UK drinking law forbids people under the age of 18 from buying alcohol, as well as friends from buying it for them.
M：Ah, yes. It’s the same in our country. What about smoking?
W：It is against the law to buy cigarettes or tobacco if you’re under 16.
M：That’s a good law. Most countries have many teens that smoke.
W：Yes, it has actually become a serious social problem for us here. Okay, the biggest thing you’ll need to watch out for is our traffic, as it’s quite different from that in other countries. You should be careful when crossing the road, as the traffic moves on the left side of the road here. Always use the crossing for walking.
M：Yes, it’s really unique!
W：And don’t take any chances when crossing the road. I think the last thing you should be aware of is littering. It is against the law to throw away rubbish on the streets or in other public places. Whenever you have something to throw away, just put it in one of the litter bins along the road, or just put it in your pocket and throw it away at home.
M：Thanks so much for telling me all this.
(Text 10)
Hello, everyone. Today, I’m going to share with you a little about the kinds of foods that English people eat.
A traditional English breakfast consists of eggs, fried bread, mushrooms, bacon, tomatoes and baked beans, but most English people today prefer a breakfast of hot or cold grain, juice, and a warm drink of either tea or coffee.
The English lunch is normally eaten between 12：00 noon and 1：30 pm, and most often consists of a sandwich. Along with the sandwich, an English person might have a bag of potato chips, fruit or biscuits. A glass of beer might also be added to lunch if the person eats in one of the many pubs; otherwise, a tea or coffee. Fish and chips, often wrapped in a piece of paper, are still a favorite among English diners.
The afternoon tea is simply a time to snack on a bag of potato chips or a few biscuits, and drink a quick cup of tea or coffee. Tiny cakes and sweets are often eaten as well. Tea is also an old?fashioned term for dinner; some English people still say “tea” when they mean the last main meal of the day.
第二部分 阅读理解 (满分40分，限时35分钟)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
San Francisco Bus Tour
Ferry Building (Tour Start Location)
The Ferry Building is the start of all of our tours. Here you will meet up with your tour guide and the rest of the group. Do give yourself extra time to check out the Ferry Building before your tour. Remember you will meet your tour guide outside in front of the Ferry Building (20 minutes ahead)．
Duration of stop: 30 minutes
Restrooms: Yes
Palace of Fine Arts (Go Inside)
As the only building remaining from San Francisco’s 1915 World’s Fair, it is the most popular place in the city for wedding photos! You’ll see how its beauty is reflected in the lake in front.
Duration of stop: 10 minutes
Restrooms: Not available
Alamo Square Park (Famous Victorian Homes)
This San Francisco park is a popular place because it is home of those famous Victorian Homes known as Postcard Row. Your tour guide will tell you about the history of Alamo Square Park as well as many movies and TV shows made there. Make your own postcard row picture on this wonderful tour stop.
Duration of stop: 12 minutes
Restrooms: None
Sausalito — via Ferry Cruise (One Hour for Exploring)
You will board a Ferry Cruise to (or from) Sausalito among all of our 5?hour tours. On the Ferry Cruise, you will see Alcatraz and Angel Island, Golden Gate Bridge and Bay Bridge from inside the bay. Sausalito is a beautiful town with houses on the hillsides overlooking (俯视) the water. Many restaurants, cafes, clothing shops and art galleries line streets.
Duration of stop: 1 hour
Restrooms: Yes
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了在旧金山的公共汽车之旅。
21．Which place will the tourists stop for the shortest time?
A．Ferry Building.
B．Palace of Fine Arts.
C．Alamo Square Park.
D．Sausalito.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据每个景点的“Duration of stop”可知游客在“Palace of Fine Arts”停留的时间最短。
22．What can we know about Sausalito?
A．It is the ending of the bus tour.
B．The living environment there is pleasant.
C．We can make our own postcard row picture there.
D．It is a good place to know the history of Victorian arts.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Sausalito is a beautiful town with houses on the hillsides overlooking (俯视) the water.”可知Sausalito依山傍水，景色宜人，适合人类居住。
23．Who will most likely show interest in this passage?
A．An old couple who is planning a vacation.
B．A group of teenagers who are seeking adventures.
C．A hotel manager who will look for some waiters.
D．A tour guide who wants to attract tourists.
解析：选A 推理判断题。纵览全文，这篇文章介绍了旧金山公共汽车游，很适合老年人等人群。
B
Mildred Rugur met Elaine Lu through Literacy Volunteers of Chemung and Schuyler Counties and considers their friendship a gift.
They met 15 years ago when Elaine requested a tutor to help her learn and speak English, about three years after Elaine became a U．S.citizen.
“It doesn’t seem that long. We’re very good friends，” Mildred said.
Elaine, 59, a native of China, came to the United States in 1993, after she married an American college librarian. Mildred, 99, a retired school teacher and long?time tutor was there to help.
“It’s a very rewarding thing to do，” Mildred said.
When Elaine first arrived in the U．S., she spoke no English. Learning the language was difficult, particularly the different sounds of the vowels, she said.
“I only knew the alphabet，” Elaine said.
Mildred and Elaine, who both live in Elmira, meet for 90 minutes each week and go over lessons, exchange ideas and talk about the books they read.
Through the years, Elaine tried to teach Mildred a bit of Chinese, too.
“I can ask how you are in Chinese, but I’m not sure I’d understand your answer，” Mildred said.
Overcoming the language barrier has helped Elaine in many ways. Mildred and Elaine visited London and Paris together last month, where Elaine learned first?hand how convenient it is to speak English.
So they encourage people to volunteer their time to Literacy Volunteers.
The programme offers basic literacy or English as a second language skills and is in desperate need of tutors, said Nancy Esty, programme director. The demand for instruction seems to increase each month.
Tutors don’t need a special degree to help.
“The only degree you need is a degree of caring，” Nancy said.
“We simplified the process to get people up and running, so they can start affecting people’s lives，” Nancy said.
“It’s_a_good_feeling_knowing_you_made_a_difference_in_someone’s_life，” Mildred said.
语篇解读：年龄大了照样可以做自己喜欢和有价值的工作。99岁高龄的Mildred作为一名家庭教师辅导来自中国的Elaine，帮助Elaine掌握了英语，并且与她共同游览伦敦和巴黎。
24．What can be the best title for the text?
A．99?year?old Literacy Teacher Is Making a Difference
B．Mildred Rugur and Elaine Lu Are Good Friends
C．Literacy Volunteers Are Changing Their Lives
D．A Degree of Tutor Is Important for Elaine
解析：选A 标题归纳题。文章介绍了Mildred作为家庭教师帮助Elaine掌握了英语，并且与她共同游览伦敦和巴黎的故事，鼓励更多的人来做家庭教师帮助其他人。因此“99岁的文学教师正在影响其他人”这一标题合适。
25．What was the most difficult thing for Elaine when she became a U．S. citizen?
A．Finding a good job.
B．Having a driving license.
C．Visiting around the world.
D．The different sounds of the vowels.
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章第六段中提到Elaine学习语言有困难，尤其是元音的不同发音。
26．From the text, we know tutors ________.
A．all belong to Literacy Volunteers
B．need a special degree
C．only need a degree of caring
D．all are familiar with Mildred Rugur
解析：选C 细节理解题。文章倒数第三段提到作为一名家庭教师唯一需要的就是一定程度的关心。
27．What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A．Helping others’ lives makes Mildred feel happy.
B．Gaining the ability of teaching a language makes Mildred happy.
C．Having a different life makes Mildred feel good.
D．Mildred values the friendship with Elaine.
解析：选A 句意理解题。根据文章中对Mildred帮助Elaine学习语言的过程描述可知，Mildred认为帮助其他人和影响其他人的生活是令她感到幸福的。
C
Believe me, improving spoken English is a matter of practice and right guidance (指导)．
For improving your communication skills, you should first of all be comfortable with grammar.Grammar is what we studied in our starting school days, and used to think of it as a very boring subject, but this grammar is important to get a good hold of what you speak.So for all those who are weak in grammar, I suggest that you go and get a grammar book.Don’t worry if you can’t remember everything.No one can remember everything in grammar.Just get a good hold of it.That should be enough for the basic preparation.
Speak in English with people around you.Try to talk as much as possible with your teachers and professors in English.This will help you get self?confidence.Break all barriers which hold you from doing so.Make good company (伙伴), and speak with them in English.
If it is possible, join an English course.This is often helpful as the teacher will drive you for good communication skills.Moreover, you get to have good company with your classmates, with whom you can converse freely and no feeling of shame is there, and the learning process is very fast.
Reading English also helps as you get used to different English words and your grammar gets improved.Get a proper English book to start reading.A novel in English is also helpful, but many times novels have many slang words (俚语), which might have a bad influence on your grammar.But anyhow I suggest going for it.In this world there is nothing free, and if you are learning something, then you have to accept the disadvantages of it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要向读者介绍了提高英语口语能力的一些有效方法。28．If you want to improve your spoken English, you’d better ________.
A．practise more B．do it on your own
C．ask others for help D．learn more slang words
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，提高英语口语能力的关键在于练习和正确的指导，因此A项正确。
29．We can try to read an English novel because ________.
A．it is written in good grammar
B．we can learn something useful from it
C．it is much better than its Chinese version
D．there are a large number of slang words in it
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为看英文小说对英语学习也有帮助。虽然小说中可能会有很多不合语法规则的英语俚语，但我们还是能够从中学到有用的知识，故B项正确。
30．What does the underlined word “converse” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Talk. B．Move.
C．Laugh. D．Think.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。第四段主要讲了作者建议人们参加英语课程以提高交流技能。在英语课上，你可以与同学自由交流且不会感到难为情。由此可推知，converse的意思与talk接近。
31．The main purpose of the passage is to tell us ________.
A．how important English is
B．why we should learn English grammar
C．how to communicate with other people
D．what to do to improve our spoken English
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据第二段至第五段每一段的第一句可以推知，本文主要介绍了一些提高英语口语能力的有效方法，包括学习语法、多与人用英语交流、参加英语课程学习以及读英文小说等。因此，D项正是本文主旨。
D
It doesn’t matter how old you are and where you live, YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE! It only takes one smile, one encouragement, one hand, one listening ear, to give hope and value to another. You can take something you are passionate (热情的) about, like music,
gardening or books, and turn it into a programme to serve others. I believe that everyone has something important to contribute; there is no contribution too small or insignificant.
A volunteer giving their time and talents brings societies together and unifies humanity.By celebrating our differences and embracing our similarities, we not only become unique individuals, we also stay connected to one another. I founded Kids For A Better World, Inc., a non?profit organisation to encourage the empowerment (力量发展) of youth. When youth are encouraged to use their skills and talents in ways that serve others, they learn how to look beyond themselves, to see the possibilities and create change.
As a leader, I want to inspire and motivate others to see what is possible by bringing communities together and enabling individuals to live peaceful and productive lives. I believe volunteering is an important step in developing character and enriching society as a whole.
Opportunity is the key. The youth of today are facing a variety of challenges. Many are tr
课时跟踪练(十八) Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She aims (目标) to achieve her goal in two years.
2．The football match will be broadcast live (现场直播的) tonight.
3．There are seven wonders (奇迹，奇观) in the world.
4．Don’t waste (浪费) your money on silly things.
5．The cuckoo lays (产卵，下蛋) its eggs in other birds’ nests.
6．The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.
7．The bank has branches in all parts of the country.
8．Each student’s progress is closely monitored.
9．She always wants to be the focus of attention.
10．Young people usually have more energy than the old.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I have no idea what these three letters stand for.
2．Some children tend to be distracted by new things so that they cannot focus on their study.
3．Students in the school can have easy access to the library.
4．While Mr Smith was on vacation last month, he asked his secretary to keep an eye on the business of his company.
5．I know that such deer feed (feed) mainly on green grass.
6．You are not supposed to_take (take) the book out of the reading room.
7．The boy laid (lay) the flowers on the table, walked in and found his little brother lying (lie) in bed.
8．On arrival at the top of the hill, they set out to_put (put) up tents.
Ⅲ.选词填空
aim at， be concerned about， keep an eye on， feed on， only if， focus on， a waste of， set up
1．A fund (基金会) will be set_up for the dead men’s families.
2．Hold the camera and focus_on the subject when you are taking pictures.
3．Can you keep_an_eye_on my bag while I am away?
4．It is a_waste_of time to listen to his insignificant talk.
5．Only_if you walk quickly can you catch up with her.
6．It shows that your friends haven’t stopped being_concerned_about you.
7．Businesses will have to aim_at long?term growth, not the present profit.
8．Bats fly at night and feed_on insects (昆虫)．
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句改错
1．Please don’t worry about your daughter any more. She is out danger and in the charge of a good nurse.out后加of
2．Finally the hunter shot at the big animal. But it struggled with its feet before falling down.with→to
3．We should do something to protect the plant for the cold weather.for→from
4．The room was full of children, two of them were from America.them→whom或two前加and或去掉were
5．The writing brushes are made from bamboo and animals’ hair.from→of
6．Roads in this mountain area used to be in poor conditions; people found it hard to travel here.conditions→condition
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I will tell you everything (that)_I_know.
我将把我所知道的每一件事都告诉你。
2．In our class there are 56 students, of_whom_35_are_boy_students.
我们班有56名学生，其中35名是男生。
3．She mentioned a magazine, the_title_of_which/whose_title I’ve forgotten.
她提到过一本杂志，其名称我忘记了。
4．Such songs as_you_just_sang are very popular now.
像你刚才唱的歌现在很流行。
5．All the neighbors admire this family, where_the_parents_treat_their_child like a friend.
所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里父母对待孩子就像朋友一样。
6．Last Sunday, I organized a survey, whose_topic_is “Which safety problem is the one you are most concerned about”．
上周日，我组织了一次民意调查，其主题是“你最关注的安全问题是什么”。
7．Parents usually have_a_great_effect_on their children.
通常父母对孩子的影响是巨大的。
8．There was a time when_there_were_no_radios,_telephones or TV sets here.
这儿曾经有一段时间既没有广播，也没有电话和电视。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Animal Conservation
Many animal and plant species have become extinct and many more are in critical danger. Finding ways to protect the earth’s wildlife and conserve the natural world they inhabit (居住) is now more important than ever.
The Dodo (渡渡鸟)
The Dodo is a classic example of how human caused damage to the earth’s biology. The flightless Dodo was native to the Island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. The easily controlled bird became a source of food for sailors and was attacked by animals introduced to the island by humans such as pigs, monkeys and rats. The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.
Rhinos (犀牛)
The Rhino horn is a highly prized item for Asian medicine. This has led to the animal being hunted in its natural habitat. Once widespread in Africa and Eurasia, most rhinos now live in protected natural parks and reserves. Their numbers have rapidly decreased in the last 50 years, and the animals remain under constant threat from poachers.
The Giant Panda
The future of the WWF’s symbol is far from certain. As few as 1,000 remain in the wild. The Chinese government has set up 33 panda reserves to protect these beautiful animals. However, the panda’s distinct black and white patched coat fetches a high price on the black market and determined poachers still pose (造成) one of the most serious threats to the animals.
Whales
Despite the fact that one?third of the world’s oceans have been declared whale sanctuaries (保护区), 7 out of 13 whale species remain endangered. Hunted for their rich supply of oil, their numbers have decreased to just 300. Collisions (碰撞) with ships, poisonous pollution and being caught in fishing nets are other major causes of whale deaths.
Tigers
The last 100 years has seen a 95% reduction in the numbers of remaining tigers to between 5,000 and 7,000 and the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers are already extinct. The South China tiger is precariously close to disappearing, with only 20 to 30 still alive. Like the Rhino horn, tigers’ bones and organs are sought after for traditional Chinese medicines. These items are traded illegally along with tiger skins.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了五种野生动物及其?濒临?灭绝的原因。
1．Which group of the following animals has already ceased to exist according to the text?
A．The Dodo, Rhino and Giant Panda.
B．The Rhino, Whale and South China Tiger.
C．The Rhino, Panda, Whale and Tiger.
D．The Dodo and the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.” 一句可判断渡渡鸟是灭绝的动物之一，再根据最后一段中的“the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers are already extinct” 一句可得出其他几种。
2．________ can serve as a cure for certain diseases.
A．The whale’s rich oil
B．The panda’s black and white patched coat
C．The Rhino horn and tigers’ bones and organs
D．The Dodo’s delicious meat
解析：选C 细节理解题。文章的第三段和最后一段提到“犀牛角和虎骨及器官”有很高的药用价值。
3．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．The number of South China tigers has reached crisis point.
B．Many animals are threatened with extinction as a result of human activity.
C．People hunt for the endangered animals for high profit.
D．The whale is the representing mark for the WWF.
解析：选D 推理判断题。从第四段中的“The future of the WWF’s symbol is far from certain.” 一句可得出“世界自然保护基金组织”的图案标志是“大熊猫”，而不是“鲸”。
4．Which of the following is mentioned in all the descriptions of those wild animals?
A．The way of their life.
B．The reason for their extinction or being in danger.
C．Why they are hunted.
D．Punishment for hunting wild animals.
解析：选B 细节理解题。针对五种野生动物介绍，内容不尽相同，有的介绍了人们为什么猎取它们；有的介绍了这些野生动物剩余的数量；有的介绍了对于猎取野生动物的惩罚手段，但有一点是相同的，即渡渡鸟灭绝的原因以及其他四种野生动物濒临灭绝的原因。
Ⅱ.语法填空
For years, parents were urged to stop children from eating snacks between meals. To keep young bodies and minds __1__ (perform) well over the course of a long day filled with school, homework and activities, nutritionists (营养师) __2__ (definite) saw the need for snacks throughout the day.
As children will gladly tell you, they need something in their bellies (肚子) to tide them over between meals, and __3__ (old) kids often need extra energy for sports practice and other activities. But what should children be eating at snack time?
While nutritionists agree that after school snacks can be a good way __4__ (provide) needed energy, they also stress the __5__ (important) of serving healthy snacks. Healthy snacks provide nutrients, help develop healthy eating habits, and help prevent __6__ wide range of illnesses. High?calorie, high?sugar, and high?fat snacks should __7__ (avoid), including sugary sodas, snack chips, candy sweets, and processed foods low __8__ nutritional value. In addition, __9__ (focus) on snacks that provide healthy carbohydrates (碳水化合物) for energy and proteins that build muscles. Fruits and vegetables are highly recommended snacks __10__ most children fail to eat enough fruits and vegetables each day. They contain important nutrients, such as vitamins and fiber, and help prevent health problems, such as heart attack and cancer.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
语篇解读：一直以来，父母们总是严格禁止孩子们吃零食。但实际上，如果选对了零食，孩子们也可以健康度过每一天。
1．performing 现在分词在这里作宾语补足语。
2．definitely 修饰动词saw需要副词，故填definitely。
3．older 此处与上文作比较，指年龄大些的孩子。
4．to provide 动词不定式作后置定语，意为“放学后吃零食可能是一种提供所需能量的好途径”。
5．importance 根据语境可知，stress后面接名词短语，故填importance。the importance of ... 指“……的重要性”。
6．a 这里表示泛指，a wide range of意为“大范围的；各种各样的”。
7．be avoided 根据语意可知，前面所列的零食应该要避免，为被动关系。
8．in 根据语境可知，加工食品的营养价值低，low in nutritional value。
9．focus 这里是祈使句，提出一个建议，故填动词原形。
10．because 根据语意可以判断，前后两个分句为因果关系，故填because。
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课时跟踪练(十六) Introduction & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Though much effort and many resources have been spent in protecting the endangered giant panda, research by an international team of scientists shows that much suitable panda habitat is outside the nature reserves and areas where the panda is reported to live.
“This research can help the Chinese government and international nongovernmental organizations develop full strategic (战略上的) plans for more effective conservation of the panda，” said Jianguo “Jack” Liu, MSU University Distinguished Professor of fisheries and wildlife.
“Overall, about 40 percent of the suitable habitat for pandas is inside the nature reserves，” said Andres Vina, a specialist. “But we have also identified potentially suitable habitat outside the reserves.”
The giant panda is the rarest member of the bear family. Pandas once ranged throughout most of China, northern Vietnam and northern Myanmar. Today, fewer than 1,600 giant pandas live in the wild in three Chinese provinces: Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan. Human actions — including logging (伐木), residential development and the expansion of farming — are considered the main reasons for the dramatic decrease of the giant panda’s habitat.
The research team developed habitat models using geographical and environmental information gathered by satellites overlaid with information on panda occurrence. After analyzing six mountain regions in the three provinces where pandas are known to live, the scientists developed a habitat suitability index (索引) for the entire 48,328 square?mile area. The range?wide habitat analysis model gives the government and other agencies a new tool as they develop conservation strategies not only for pandas but also for many other endangered species.
“The Chinese government plans to add about 69,500 square miles of land to the country’s nature reserve system between 2010 and 2020，” said Ouyang Zhiyun, director of the Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. “So opportunities exist to create new reserves, to expand existing reserves and to create pathways that increase the connectivity among the reserves. On the basis of our results, we suggest some new areas be included in China’s nature reserve system.”
语篇解读：中国的大熊猫是一种珍贵的濒临灭绝的动物。那么造成它们濒临灭绝的原因有哪些？我们该采取什么措施来保护大熊猫呢？
1．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．China has made lots of efforts to protect the giant panda.
B．Pandas live better only outside the nature reserves.
C．More plans should be created to protect the giant pandas.
D．Liu Jianguo is a professor who devotes himself to fisheries and wildlife.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Though much effort”可知A项正确；根据第二段的“develop full strategic (战略上的) plans for more effective conservation of the panda”可知C项正确；根据第二段的“Professor of fisheries and wildlife”可知D项正确；第一段说自然保护区外还有许多适合大熊猫生存的栖息地，并没说大熊猫在外面生活得更好，故选B。
2．The purpose of developing habitat models is ________.
A．to know where pandas actually live in China
B．to build a larger nature reserve for the pandas
C．to develop conservation strategies for endangered species
D．to give governments a warning
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“...not only for pandas but also for many other endangered species.”可知答案为C项。
3．The underlined word “overlaid” in the fifth paragraph probably means “________”．
A．covered B．connected
C．coped D．varied
解析：选A 词义猜测题。此处表达：由卫星收集的信息覆盖着熊猫出现的信息。be overlaid with“被……覆盖着”。
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Ouyang Zhiyun hopes more areas will become nature reserves in China.
B．China has about 69,500 square miles of nature reserves now.
C．The existing reserves will remain the same.
D．The existing reserves shouldn’t be expanded.
解析：选A 推理判断题。从最后一段的“to create, to expand, be included”可以推断出他希望在中国有越来越多的保护区出现，故选A项。
B
George was a game warden (猎物繁殖和保护区的管理员) in Kenya. One day, he found three tiny lions beside a dead lioness. They were so little that their eyes had not yet opened. Sadly, he took the three little lions and drove back home.
When George got out of the car with the baby lions, his wife Joy Adamson immediately took over. Joy had cared for many young animals over the years, but she had never tried to raise baby lions! However, she was determined to save these babies.
The lions grew rapidly. But as the lions grew bigger and stronger, Joy and George realized they could not keep three large lions. They decided to present two of the lions to a zoo; they would keep the smallest lion, which they named Elsa.
Joy and George taught Elsa to hunt and to protect herself. Elsa liked to play with her human friends, but as Elsa grew to her adult size, this play became dangerous. More than once, Elsa knocked Joy to the ground, scratching (抓伤) her. Joy and George both realized that it was time to find Elsa a new home. They knew she needed a wild home where she could live the life she was born to lead. Finally, Joy and George decide to set Elsa free in Meru Park at the foot of Mt. Kenya.
Elsa never forgot Joy and George. Whenever they camped nearby, Elsa would come to visit, rubbing her head against their legs in greeting.
Joy missed Elsa, but was happy that she had made a successful life as a wild lion. Joy wrote a book about Elsa, Born Free, which became an international bestseller. Joy traveled all over the world, talking about the importance of saving the wild animals of the world.
Joy lived out her life in Africa, working with wild animals. She wrote more books about her experiences. Her heartfelt interest in animals and her great love for Elsa helped inspire (激发) a worldwide movement to protect wildlife. For Joy Adamson, there was no greater gift than the beauty and spirit of wild animals, living free.
语篇解读：文章主要讲述了Joy Adamson和三只被收养的狮子幼崽之一Elsa的故事，以及她为保护野生动物所做出的贡献。
5．When George took the three lions home, his wife________.
A．advised him to give them to a zoo
B．was frightened by their appearance
C．was unwilling to care for them
D．had a great love for them
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Joy Adamson immediately took over” 以及下文描述Joy多年来一直照料其他小动物可知，Joy第一眼看到三只狮子幼崽时就对它们爱不释手。
6．Joy and George set Elsa free because________.
A．Elsa scratched Joy
B．there wasn’t enough food for Elsa
C．Elsa was big and strong
D．Elsa was a danger to their neighbors
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“as Elsa grew to her adult size”以及“They knew she needed ... to lead”可知，随着Elsa长大，Joy和George的家已经限制了Elsa的成长，而且Elsa对他们也很危险，不再适合她继续待下去。
7．What do we know about the book Born Free from the text?
A．It became very popular.
B．It is mainly about Joy’s experiences in Meru Park.
C．It focuses on wild animals in Kenya.
D．It helped change people’s attitude towards wildlife.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“which became an international bestseller”可知选A项。
8．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Joy Adamson: living with lions
B．Elsa: lion raised by a human
C．Born Free: a wonderful book
D．George: a game warden
解析：选A 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了Joy Adamson和三只被收养的狮子幼崽之一Elsa的故事，以及她为保护野生动物所做出的贡献，由此可知A项标题最贴切、全面。
C
A few years ago, I read about an eight?year?old girl who studied elephant poaching(偷猎) in school and made a poster for her local grocery store. The slogan read, “Save the elephants. Don’t buy Ivory Soap, or they will die out.” What the girl had done taught me a lesson. Since then, I have looked at eight?year?olds in a different way. As an environmental educator, I used to teach eight?year?olds about the harm of elephant poaching, rainforest destruction, and global warming. I had a degree in natural science — but not in child development. What did I think I was accomplishing by putting my environmental concerns on the shoulders of kids who still believe in fairy tales (童话故事)．
Kids develop the fear of nature when their primary contact with the natural world is hearing bad news about the environment. If I wanted to inspire conservation action, I needed to change my ways, but how? I came across some research by psychologist Louise Chawla. She wanted to know what had gone on in the childhoods of adults who are good environmental citizens. She found two things most common. They had free time to explore the rivers or woods down the street, and they had an adult in their lives who was enthusiastic about the natural world. I understand now that what turned me into a good person today was a childhood spent playing in the field and having a dad who knew that finding a lobster(龙虾)under a rock was better than finding treasure.
So that’s what I was doing when I was eight years old — looking under rocks, climbing trees, and picking wild flowers. I didn’t know a thing about the Clean Air Act that was being debated in congress at that time. I didn’t hear a lot of environmental problems. But I built a relationship with nature and I grew up to care. Now I treat my own kids like the child I was. My kids turn off the water when they brush their teeth and turn off the lights when they leave a room.
语篇解读：人类赖以生存的大自然正在被严重破坏，保护环境应该从孩子抓起，帮助孩子从小建立与自然的关系。
9．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?
A．The author felt very proud of herself.
B．The author took action to save the elephants.
C．The author thought her teaching was a failure.
D．The author doubted the natural science.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“What did I think ... believe in fairy tales (童话故事)？”以及第二段的“I needed to change my ways”可知，作者认为自己的教育方法是不可取的。
10．How do children react when learning about environmental problems?
A．They tend to ignore the problems.
B．They become scared of nature.
C．They hate to learn natural science.
D．They want to help solve the problems.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Kids develop the fear ... bad news about the environment.”可知，让孩子们了解了环境问题会导致他们对大自然产生恐惧。
11．The author mentions the research in order to show ________.
A．how to have a happy childhood
B．what the best way to get close to nature is
C．how to change children’s bad behavior
D．what makes children care about the environment
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She wanted to know what ... environmental citizens.”可知，该研究主要解释了是什么影响了孩子，让他们长大后为保护环境出一份力。
12．What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A．The harm of hunting animals to the environment and mankind.
B．The causes of environmental problems we are facing.
C．The importance of encouraging kids to protect nature.
D．The right methods of developing children’s idea of nature.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。本文主要阐述了教育和环境保护之间的关系，作者通过实例论述了一个道理：让孩子拥有环保思想的正确教育方式不是让他们感到害怕，而是让他们心中充满对大自然的爱。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How many times has life overwhelmed (压垮) you? It’s okay. __1__ The world moves at a breathtaking speed and many people have similar feelings. Where do you start, and when will it end? Relax. Here are some magic tricks to simplify your life.
Choose to be happy. At a young age, we’re taught that there are winners and losers. Life becomes a game to earn the most points, often measured in dollars. __2___ I’m not saying that we shouldn’t set goals, just the opposite. This requires a decision to be happy, to live in the present. In other words, be grateful for what you have. Appreciate what is in front of you. When you can do that, it will be easier to achieve the impossible.
Imagine it’s the last day on Earth. __3__ What would you do, and who would you do it with? Would you quit your job, or spend the rest of the day with your family? Life is too short and you shouldn’t waste it in being miserable. So decide what is important, and let go of the rest.
__4__ Imagine you are in a building, and there is a tower next door right after a plane hits it. The lights go out. The room turns black. You’re halfway down the stairs when the stairwell (楼梯井) is damaged because of the collapse of the tower next door. You survive, but just narrowly. You escape with your life and nothing else. Your job is gone, and so are your friends and coworkers.
That’s the story of what happened to thousands of people after 9/11, and the lessons you can learn from them are many. __5__ No one can take away what is in your mind, the experiences you’ve had, or the wisdom you’ve gained. Everything else is just window dressing.
A．It happens to everyone.
B．Hang around with good people.
C．Along the way, we lose our soul.
D．What if the world is about to end?
E．Don’t listen to those who have given up.
F．The simple truth is that life is what matters.
G．Think about what you would do if you lost everything.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了几种让生活简单化的方法。
1．选A 本句对上一句的观点作进一步解释，说明不必担心的理由，后文的“many people have similar feelings”也可作为提示。
2．选C 根据本段主题句“Choose to be happy.”和后文的“This requires a decision to be happy”等信息可知，本句强调精神方面的，说明了在人生游戏中人们的一个结果：我们逐渐地失去了自己的灵魂。
3．选D 本句进一步解释了本段的主题句。
4．选G 本句为本段的主题句，综述了本段的主要内容。
5．选F 通过前面 “9·11事件”的例子，这里总结了一个简单的人生结论，且根据后文的“No one can take away ... you’ve gained.”可知，生命很重要。
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课时跟踪练(十七) Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A line of forts was built along the border to protect (保护) the country against attack.
2．The location of the new house is ideal (理想的)．
3．That mistake seriously endangered (危及) the future of the company.
4．There is always beautiful scenery in nature reserves (保护区)．
5．If we don’t protect this kind of animals, they will be extinct (灭绝的) soon.
6．The teacher confiscated Tom’s smartphone because she saw him playing it in class.
7．Many slaves were killed during their struggle against slave owners.
8．The doctor will see you again next week.Meanwhile,_you must rest as much as possible.
9．The sea is a habitat for many fishes and plants.
10．The labor union organized a 24?hour nationwide strike, demanding better working conditions.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．If we want to live in harmony with nature, we must protect the environment and the endanger animals and plants.endanger→endangered
2．The man struggled against his feet and then walked out of the room.against→to
3．Thanks for his timely help, we are out of danger now.for→to
4．Something must be done to protect the rare birds from be endangered.第二个be→being
5．The Palace Museum is well worth visited again.visited→visiting
6．George returned after the war, only find that his home had been destroyed.only后加to
7．He was hit by a falling tree that night and killed in the spot.in→on
8．Celebrating Valentine’s Day came into the fashion many years ago in China, and flower shops can sell dozens of roses at a time.去掉the
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．We should take measures to_protect_the_endangered_tigers.
我们应采取措施来保护濒临灭绝的老虎。
2．Although_small,_the kitchen is well designed.
厨房虽小，但设计巧妙。
3．When did that style of clothes come_into_fashion?
那种样式的衣服什么时候开始流行的？
4．The government has_decided_to_get_tough_with those who break the law.
政府已经决定采取强硬措施对付那些违法的人。
5．It rained heavily in Hubei on end, causing_a_serious_flood.
湖北连续下大雨，造成严重的洪涝。
6．That murderer was arrested by the police on_the_spot.
那名凶手被警察当场逮捕。
7．They seemed_to_be_looking_for something on the ground.
他们似乎正在地上寻找什么东西。
8．It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner; in_the_meanwhile,_I’ll set the table.
如果你到商店买来我们晚饭所需要的东西，这就算帮大忙了；在此期间，我将摆好餐桌。
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
On a 1.freezing (freeze) cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie gave his life to save the Tibetan antelope. By the 1990s, the number of the Tibetan antelopes 2.had_fallen (fall) from millions of them to about 50,000. The reason is 3.that the wool of the Tibetan antelope is the 4.most_expensive (expensive) in the world and brings huge profits to the poachers.
Often at night, whole herds of antelopes are shot and skinned 5.on the spot, 6.leaving (leave) only the babies. Then the wool is taken to India to make shawls, which are exported to rich countries in North America and Europe. In 7.the 1990s, the Chinese government began to protect the antelopes 8.actively (active). Over the next ten years about 3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated. Meanwhile, in those countries 9.where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers, making the antelope population increase 10.slowly (slow) since 1997.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
目前由藏羚羊毛制成的(made from)披肩又流行起来(come into fashion)，这使得一些商人非法偷猎藏羚羊。现在是该对他们采取强硬措施(get tough with)的时候了。警方在接到报警后几分钟之内就会来到现场(on the spot)。同时(meanwhile)，每个人都踊跃参加(take an active part in)保护这种濒危(endangered)动物的工作。其中很多人决心把自己的一生献给(give one’s life to)动物保护事业。
Nowadays_shawls_made_from_the_antelope_wool_have_come_into_fashion_again,_which_makes_some_dealers_poach_the_antelopes_illegally._It’s_high_time_to_get_tough_with_those_people._Police_will_be_on_the_spot_within_a_few_minutes_after_receiving_the_call._Meanwhile,_everyone_takes_an_active_part_in_protecting_the_endangered_animals,_many_of_whom_have_determined_to_give_their_own_life_to_it.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
There is a widespread belief that women are better at picking out gifts than men. This claim, __1__， has not been assessed on the basis of objective standard. The current studies __2__ show that women do make better gift __3__ for others, regardless of the gender(性别)of the __4__ and the type of relationship between the giver and the receiver.
As a result, the studies __5__ in this paper will make it clear to us. The researchers had men and women select __6__ that they would like best from some man?made items that both men and women tend to like __7__. Then they asked their partners to select gifts for them from the __8__ items. As predicted by the ___9___ idea, women indeed had a(n) __10__ of guessing what their partners would want. The researchers went on to try to __11__ why the women performed better. They __12__ two possible reasons. The first was that women are better at selecting gifts __13__ they are more interested in social interactions and __14__ it more important to pick out a good gift. The second was that, __15__ men, women put their emotion into the process, and therefore are better at selecting what the receiver would like. At the end of the whole __16__， it turns out that, although women did __17__ higher when tested for both, it was the social interest that actually associated with gift?choosing __18__. So there you have it — women are better at choosing gifts, and perhaps __19__ because they care more about it.
Next time when you are buying presents, it would be __20__to ask a female partner for advice.
语篇解读：人们普遍认为，女士比男士更善于挑选礼物，研究者们为了证明这一观点并找到内在的原因做了实验。实验证实了这个说法，且发现因为女士对挑礼物这件事看得更加重要一些，所以就更善于挑选礼物。
1．A.then B．otherwise
C．instead D．however
解析：选D 前后两句语意观点不同，此处应为表示转折的词，故选however。
2．A.absolutely B．exactly
C．personally D．curiously
解析：选B 后文对此说法是肯定的，“目前的研究确切地表明了”，故选“确切地”。
3．A.considerations B．selections
C．elections D．collections
解析：选B 根据第一句的“picking out”可以得知，女士更擅长选礼物，所以答案是selections“选择”。
4．A.giver B．organizer
C．receiver D．writer
解析：选C 女士送礼物时，不论收礼物的人的性别，故选receiver。
5．A.refused B．praised
C．ignored D．shown
解析：选D 根据上下文可知，此处指呈现在本文中的研究。
6．A.presents B．books
C．chances D．ideas
解析：选A 根据上下文可知，实验围绕选礼物展开。
7．A.equally B．differently
C．totally D．slightly
解析：选A 为保证公平，可挑选的物品应当是不论性别，同等喜爱的一些物件，所以选equally“同等地”。
8．A.extra B．opposite
C．same D．rest
解析：选C 根据语境可知，让同伴在同样的一些物品中挑选自己喜欢的物品。
9．A.originally?designed B．generally?accepted
C．self?centered D．narrow?minded
解析：选B generally?accepted“被普遍接受的”，对应第一段widespread，表示这个观点是大多数人都同意的。self?centered“以自我为中心的”，narrow?minded“心胸狭小的”。
10．A.habit B．challenge
C．air D．advantage
解析：选D have an advantage of“有……的优势”，根据句意，女士有猜测同伴喜欢什么礼物的优势。
11．A.get through B．turn over
C．figure out D．look through
解析：选C 根据上下文，研究者证实了说法的可靠性，下一步继续想要弄明白其中缘由，故选figure out。
12．A.explained B．offered
C．adopted D．tested
解析：选D 有两种可能的原因，根据下文的“women did __17__ higher when tested for both”也可知，研究者是对这两种假想的原因进行了测试。
13．A.unless B．because
C．while D．though
解析：选B 根据上下文可知，此处是因果关系。
14．A.make B．doubt
C．find D．consider
解析：选D “14_(consider) it more important to ...” 此处it为形式宾语，这里意为“女士把选择到好礼物看得更加重要”。
15．A.unlike B．rather than
C．as for D．besides
解析：选A 根据上下文可知，句意为“与男士不同，女士会在买礼物的过程中投入感情”，故选unlike。
16．A.competition B．conversation
C．experiment D．argument
解析：选C 根据语境可知，是在实验的最后。
17．A.score B．get
C．aim D．earn
解析：选A 根据上下文可知，这里指女性在测试中得分更高。
18．A.decision B．impression
C．ability D．quality
解析：选C 社交兴趣和挑选礼物的能力之间有联系，故选ability。
19．A.simply B．rarely
C．hardly D．fairly
解析：选A 根据上下文，女士有优势的原因只不过是她们更在乎选礼物这件事。
20．A.acceptable B．wise
C．helpless D．unique
解析：选B 全文证实了女士的优势，那么买礼物时有女同胞的建议自然是明智的。
Ⅱ.短文改错
A man has been waited at the bus stop. After a few minutes later, the bus arrived and did not stop. The man thought it would stop a little far, so he started running after the bus. Fortunately, the bus never stopped. The man kept follow the bus until he arrived home. The man was very glad that he could save a bit money. He happily told his wife, “Honey, today I ran after the buses until getting home. I didn’t have to pay the fee.” Surprisingly, the wife blamed her, “You fool! Do you know how many you could save if you ran after a taxi？”
答案：第一句：waited→waiting
第二句：去掉later; and→but
第三句：far→farther/further
第四句：Fortunately→Unfortunately
第五句：follow→following
第六句：bit 后加 of或bit→little
第七句：buses→bus
第八句：her→him; many→much
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