2019年高中英语Module1 British and American English（教案练习）（打包10套）（含解析）外研版必修5

Module 1 British and American English
Although people still talk about different types of English — American English, Australian English, and Indian English — it is interesting to notice how close they are to each other nowadays. Any native speaker reading or listening to another “type” of English will understand almost every word.
However, largely because of global communication, cinema, television and especially the Internet, different types of English have influenced each other a lot recently. This is coming in one side — from the US to Britain — and it has changed our daily language so much. Teens and young adults in Britain use American vocabulary that has crossed the Atlantic all the time — things that young speakers like a lot are described as cool or awesome, and, as a way to refuse to do something impossible, we often hear the phrase No way!
I was fortunate enough to work on a vocabulary research project, which is called the English Vocabulary Profile. What did we find out? There are some words that are still British or American. British people have biscuits with their cup of tea or coffee, but Americans have cookies. We also have cookies in Britain, but they are a certain type of biscuits, such as chocolate chip cookies, where the original recipe is American. Americans who are wearing pants definitely have their legs covered, but if a British person is dressed only in pants, they are in their underwear!
Phrasal verbs (verbs with two or more words like “take off” or “live up to”) are another area of difference, and there are slightly fewer of them in American English. When British and American speakers, for example, talk of a relationship breaking up, Americans will not use this phrasal verb to mean “finishing a school term” as we do in Britain.
Overall, the 10 most common words (the, of, to, and, a, in, that, is, for and I) are the same in both countries, and the vast majority of the 5,000 most common words in the UK are also in the USA's top 5,000.
Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre?reading



Words, words, words
British and American English are different in① many ways. The first and most obvious② way is in the vocabulary.There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic, or which are used with a different meaning③. Some of these words are well known — Americans drive automobiles down④ freeways and fill up with⑤ gas; the British drive cars along motorways⑥ and fill up with petrol⑦. As a tourist, you will need to use the underground⑧ in London or the subway⑨ in New York, or maybe you will prefer to⑩ get around? the town by taxi (British) or cab (American)．

①be different in在……方面不同
be different from与……不一样
②obvious/'?bvi?s/adj.显然的，显而易见的
③which引导两个定语从句，均修饰words。
④drive ...down ...沿……驾驶……；相当于drive ...along ...
⑤fill up (with)(用……)装满，填满
⑥motorway/'m??t??weI/n.(英)高速公路
⑦petrol n．(英)汽油， gas n．(美)汽油
⑧underground/'?nd??ɡra?nd/n.(英)地铁
⑨subway/'s?b?weI/n.(美)地铁
⑩prefer to do ...更愿意/喜欢做……
prefer ...to ...意为“喜欢……胜过……”。其中to为介词。
?get around四处走动(旅行)

[第1段译文]词，词，词
英式英语和美式英语在很多方面是不同的。首先最明显的是在词汇方面。有数以百计的不同的词在大西洋彼岸不被使用，或者以一种不同的意思被使用着。其中一些单词是人们所熟知的——美国人在freeways上驾驶的是automobiles，给车加gas；英国人在motorways上驾驶的是cars，给车加petrol。作为游客，你在伦敦要乘坐的地铁叫underground，而在纽约则叫subway，或者你更愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。

Chips or French fries?
But other words and expressions are not so well known. Americans use a flashlight?， while? for the British, it's a torch. The British queue? up; Americans stand in line?.Sometimes the same word has a slightly? different meaning, which? can be confusing?. Chips, for example?， are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets. The British call these crisps. The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic.
?flashlight/'fl???laIt/n.(美)手电筒；火把
?while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，此处表示前后两种情况的对比。
?queue/kju?/ vi.(英)排队(等候)
queue up (for ...)排队(等候……)
?stand in line排队等候
?slightly adv.略微，稍微，此处修饰different。
?which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。
?confusing/k?n'fju?zI?/adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
?for example例如
常作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。

[第2段译文]Chips还是French fries?
但是其他词和表达方式却没有这么广泛地为人所知。美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人则叫它torch。“排队”在英式英语中用queue up，而在美式英语中用stand in line。有时候同一个单词的含义有微小的差别，这让人很困惑。例如，chips在英国是指热的炸薯条，在美国却指非常薄而且装在纸袋里出售的薯片——英国人把这种东西称为crisps。英国人熟悉而且喜欢的薯条在大西洋彼岸被称为French fries。


Have or have got?
There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British say Have you got ...? while Americans prefer Do you have ...? An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British person would say My friend has just arrived. Prepositions?， too, can be different: compare on the team， on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British). The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them (I'll see you Monday; Write me soon！)．
?preposition/?prep?'zI?n/n.介词
compare/k?m'pe?/vt.比较
compare ...with ...把……与……相比
该结构常用其非谓语形式compared with作状语，此时可与compared to互换。
compare ...to ...把……与……相比；把……比作……
on the team (美)是队里的一员
in the team (英)是队里的一员
on the weekend (美)在周末
at the weekend (英)在周末
where引导地点状语从句。
omit/??'mIt/vt.省略
[第3段译文]Have还是have got?
在语法上，英式英语和美式英语也有一些区别。英国人说“Have you got ...？”，而美国人更喜欢说“Do you have ...？”，美国人可能会说“My friend just arrived”，但是英国人会说“My friend has just arrived”。介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on the team, on the weekend(美式)和in the team, at the weekend (英式)。英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候会省略(I'll see you Monday; Write me soon！)。

Colour or color?
The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. American spelling seems simpler: center, color and program instead of centre, colour and programme. Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago. The accent, which is most similar to British English， can be heard on the East Coast of the US. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. But are they really so important? After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
variety/v?'raI?ti/n.种类
a variety of/varieties of各种各样的
differ/'dIf?/vi.不同，有区别
differ常与介词from, in连用。
“in＋关系代词which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词areas，其中differ in中的介词前移了。
seem看来，似乎(作连系动词)
seem后常与动词不定式to do或形容词连用，或构成固定句式It seems that ...。
instead of代替，而不是
instead adv.相反；而，却
influence vt.& n．影响
have an influence on对……有影响
settler/'setl?/n.移民；定居者
be similar to与……相似
be similar in在……方面相似
which引导非限制性定语从句，指代the accent。
remark/rI'mɑ?k/n.评论；讲话
variation/?ve?rI'eI?n/n.变化
have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
[第4段译文]Colour还是color?
这两种英语的另外两个方面的区别是拼写和发音。美式英语的拼写看上去更简单一些：center, color和program是美式拼法，而centre, colour和programme是英式拼法。自从400年前第一批移民到来，有很多因素影响了美式英语的发音。在美国东海岸能听到与英式英语非常相似的口音。当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳说“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族”这句名言的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。但是这些区别真的如此重要吗？毕竟，两个国家境内的口音差别可能跟两国之间的口音差别一样多。伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。


Turn on the TV
Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together. For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed steadily. Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. This non?stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.
However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents — American, British, Australian, and even Spanish. One of the best?known faces, Monita Rajpal, was born in Hong Kong, China, and grew up Speaking Chinese and Punjabi， as well as English.
This international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many “Englishes”， not just two main varieties. But the message is “Don't worry.” Users of English will all be able to understand each other — wherever they are.
steadily/'stedIli/adv.不断地；持续地
satellite/'s?t??laIt/n.卫星
画线部分为“it＋be＋adj.＋to do ...”结构，it为形式主语，而真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。
flick/flIk/n.轻打；轻弹；抖动
at the flick of轻轻一按/弹……
switch/swIt?/n.开关
switch还可以作动词，常与off和on连用。
make it＋adj./n.(for sb.) to do ...为固定结构。it为形式宾语，其后的动词不定式为真正的宾语。
lead to引起；导致
其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
structure/'str?kt??/n.结构；体系
画线部分为结果状语从句，so that意为“以至于”。该状语从句中又包含了believe的宾语从句。
disappear vi.消失
turn on打开
switch on (用开关)打开
find sth./sb. doing ...“发现某物/某人在做……”为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
现在分词短语作伴随状语。
suggest v．暗示，表明
be able to能够……
wherever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter where。
[第5～7段译文]打开电视机
一些专家相信这两种语言变体正在越来越接近。一个多世纪以来，大西洋两岸的交流稳步发展。自从20世纪80年代以来，随着卫星电视和互联网的使用，轻轻一按开关就能听到英式英语和美式英语已经成为可能。专家们认为，这种不间断的交流已使得英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。但这也导致了大量美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语，以至于现在有一些人认为英式英语将会消失。
然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员都操着不同的口音——美国的、英国的、澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。其中最熟悉的面孔之一——出生于中国香港的慕妮塔·让治派，从小到大说的是汉语、一种印度土语和英语。
这种国际程度表明，在未来将有很多种“英语”，而不仅仅是主要的两种。但其实大家不用担心。无论在哪里，英语使用者们都能彼此理解。



Pre?reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．accent　 A．a person who goes to live in a new country or region
2．obvious B．different sorts of the same thing
3．queue C．easy to see or understand
4．compare D．difficult to understand, not clear
5．confusing E．to examine and note the similarities or differences of people or things
6．omit F．to wait in a line of people or vehicles, etc. in order to do sth.
7．variety G．something that you say or write which expresses an opinion, a thought, etc. about sb./sth.
8．differ H．national, local way of pronouncing words
9．remark I．to be different from sb./sth.
10．settler J．to not include sth./sb. either deliberately or because you have forgotten it/them
1～5　________　6～10　________
答案：1～5　HCFED　6～10　JBIGA
Lead?in
We have learnt English for a long time. Do you know in which countries people speak English？The following pictures can help you.

A：England　B：America　C：Canada　D：Australia
E：New_Zealand　F：South_Africa

While?reading

Fast?reading
1．First read the title of the passage and the subheadings (小标题) of each paragraph, and then skim (浏览) the first or the first two sentences of each paragraph, and then tell us the main idea of the passage.
The passage is mainly about the_differences_between_British_English_and_American_English.
2．Match the following paragraphs with their main ideas.
(1)Paras.1～2　　 A．Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together. Users of English will all be able to understand each other — wherever they are.
(2)Para.3 B．The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. But there are some words and expressions not so well known.
(3)Para.4 C．British English and American English are different in spelling and pronunciation.
(4)Paras.5～7 D．There are a few differences in grammar.
(1)～(4)__________
答案：(1)～(4)　BDCA
Careful?reading
Choose the best answers according to the text.
1．Which of the following words comes from American English?
A．Programme.　　　　　　 B．Centre.
C．Gas. D．Underground.
2．Why do some experts say the two varieties of English are moving closer?
A．Because the people of the two countries are moving together.
B．Because the communications between the two countries have developed steadily for over 100 years.
C．Because many American words and structures have passed into British English.
D．Because people from the two countries can listen to British and American English on TV.
3．What's the main idea of the last two paragraphs?
A．In the future, there are only two varieties of English.
B．Newsreaders and weather forecasters all speak American English.
C．In the future, it will be difficult for users of English to understand each other.
D．There will be more than two varieties of English in the future.
4．Which of the following is NOT right according to the last part “Turn on the TV”？
A．Television and the Internet have made it easier for the British and Americans to understand each other.
B．A large number of people believe British English will disappear.
C．In fact newsreaders and weather forecasters all speak with different accents in CNN programmes.
D．People using different “Englishes” in the future can still understand each other well.
5．From the passage we can infer ________.
A．more and more words have different meanings between American and British English
B．British English turns popular with more people all over the world
C．announcers in the United States are required to have standard pronunciation
D．British English and American English have had an influence on each other
答案：1～5　CBDBD
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences.






[句式分析]

[尝试翻译]　当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳说“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族”这句名言的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。
2．This non?stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.
[句式分析]　made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other属于“make it＋adj./n.＋for sb./sth. to do sth.”结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语，形容词或名词作宾语补足语，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。句子的主语是this non?stop communication, the experts think作插入语。
[尝试翻译]　专家们认为，这种不间断的交流已使得英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。
3．However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents — American, British, Australian, and even Spanish.
[句式分析]　本句为主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句，从句中the American TV network为CNN的同位语；主句中破折号后的内容为different accents的同位语。you find newsreaders ...even Spanish为主句，其中含有find的复合结构，all speaking with different accents为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。
[尝试翻译]　然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员都操着不同的口音——美国的、英国的、澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting.
When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”， I didn't know what it meant. Realizing I didn't follow her, she used another word. I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word came up when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted_down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was engaged.
Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk.
Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was filling out a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didn't follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber.
In order to communicate well with the British, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between American English and British English.
语篇解读：作者通过生活中的一些例子告诉我们英式英语和美式英语中一些词在使用上的差异。
1．When Lily used the word “larder”， she was probably looking for a ________.
A．cup　　　　　　　　　　 B．ladder
C．cupboard D．cooker
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food.”可知，莉莉在寻找一个“橱柜”。
2．What does the underlined phrase “jotted down” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Wrote down. B．Left behind.
C．Looked for. D．Settled down.
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“in her diary” 以及“while I marked my calendar”可知，莉莉把日期和时间记在了日记本上。write down“记下，写下”。
3．Last week, Lily regretted sending her boys to watch a tennis game mainly because ________.
A．she thought the game was boring
B．she wanted to spend time with her boys
C．she didn't dress her boys in thick clothes
D．her boys got lost
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“an early morning tennis game”和“I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those.”可推断，莉莉后悔送她的孩子们去看网球比赛是因为她没给孩子们穿厚一点的衣服。
4．According to the passage, in British English ________.
A．the word “pissed” means “angry”
B．the word “jacket” is often used
C．the word “engaged” means “tired”
D．the word “rubber” means “eraser”
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber”可知，选D。
B
British English and American English are almost the same. But there are slight differences between British and American English in vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling and grammar.
The first difference between British and American English is in vocabulary. Almost all of the words used in British English and American English are exactly the same. Only a very small number of words are used disparately. For example, Americans would say “apartment”， but the British would say “flat” to talk about the place where they live. In addition to some common words, many idiomatic(惯用的) expressions are different. In England people might say “I'll ring you up tonight”， but in the US, people might say “I'll call you up tonight”．
The second difference between British and American English is in pronunciation. The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels (元音). Some American dialects and some British dialects use vowels in different ways. Sometimes, Americans and the British don't understand each other's pronunciation. But most of the time, the British and Americans do understand each other's pronunciation because most of the sounds of the two dialects are the same.
The third difference is very small. This is the difference in spelling. A few types of words are spelled differently in British and American English. The most common example is in a word like “center”. In British English, this word would be spelled C?E?N?T?R?E, while in American English the same word would be spelled C?E?N?T?E?R. Another example is “or” vs “our”. The word “color”is spelled C?O?L?O?U?R in Britain but C?O?L?O?R in the US.
There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British may say “Have you got ...？” while Americans prefer “Do you have ...？” An American might say “my friend just arrived”， but a British would say “my friend has just arrived”. Sometimes function words are used differently: the British may say “at the weekend”， but Americans would say “on the weekend”．
语篇解读：本文是一篇关于英式英语和美式英语差异的文章。
5．What is this passage mainly about?
A．The development of American English.
B．Differences between British and American English.
C．The influences of British English on American English.
D．The causes of the differences between British and American English.
解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知文章是关于英式英语和美式英语差异的。
6．What does the underlined word “disparately” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Frequently.　　　　　　　 B．Regularly.
C．Eventually. D．Differently.
解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据该词前面的“Almost all of the words used in British English and American English are exactly the same. Only a very small number of words are used disparately.”可知disparately应该与same意思相反。
7. According to Paragraph 3, Americans and the British may find it hard to understand each other because of________.
A．the different ways of using vowels
B．the different idiomatic expressions they use
C．the differences in grammar
D．the differences in spelling
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段“The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels (元音)．”可知答案为A。
8．Which of the following words probably belong to the American English vocabulary?
a．flavour　b．theater　c．humor　d．centre　e．kilometer
f．honour　g．color
A．a, b, c, e B．b, c, d, e
C．b, c, e, g D．d, e, f, g
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段关于拼写的差异，可知是C。
C
American English began in the 17th century. At the beginning of the 17th century, the English language was brought to North America by colonists (殖民者) from England. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, the language used by Shakespeare.

In order to exploit new resources in America, British colonists settled down there and from 1607 to 1732 set up thirteen colonies, including Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. In these thirteen areas, English was a common language used by all people. The first colonists established the English form in America. They continued to speak as they had done in England.
As time went by, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. Foreigners longing for wealth set foot on the coastal area to trade. The Americans adopted many words from foreign languages and invented numerous new words to meet their commercial (贸易的) needs.
Following American Independence, famous people like Thomas Jefferson, the president, began to consider that the country should have a language of its own. Noah Webster compiled (编纂) three elementary books on English. Later, he expressed the idea that as an independent nation, America should have a system of its own in language as well as in government. After the second half of the 19th century, many great writers such as Mark Twain helped the development of American English.
English in America has developed a character of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people. Since the rise of the United States to a position of world importance, American English has been developing and changing. There is no doubt that American English will enrich the English language greatly. With the rapid development of modern mass media and the common needs of economic, cultural and political exchanges, American English will be more widely used in the world than British English.
语篇解读：本文简要介绍了美式英语的发展史，并预测了其在世界上的影响力将越来越深远。
9．What can you infer from Paragraph 3?
A．People from the seaside were more willing to learn English.
B．The English language changed as a result of inner culture shock.
C．New words occurred in American English as a result of local invention.
D．International business and trade contributed to the development of American English.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Foreigners longing for wealth set foot on the coastal area to trade. The Americans adopted many words from foreign languages and invented numerous new words to meet their commercial needs.”可知，因为国际贸易的交往，美式英语从他国语言中进行了大量借鉴，由此可以推断出国际贸易促进了美式英语的发展。
10．What do we know about American English?
A．It came into being at the end of the 17th century.
B．It hardly makes contributions to the development of English.
C．Its development has a close relationship with American people's life.
D．It has been more widely used than British English from the beginning.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“English in America has developed a character of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people.”可知，美式英语发展出了自己的特色，它的发展与美国人民的生活密不可分。
11．What's the best title for the passage?
A．The Development of American English
B．Language and Business
C．The Difference between American English and British English
D．The Birth of American English
解析：选A　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了美式英语的发展历程，并对美式英语的未来发展进行了展望。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. __1__ However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.
Some people say we live in a dog?eat?dog world. __2__ They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.
__3__ This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.
__4__ People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard (废品场) dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.
Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. __5__
A．Still, people say every dog has its day.
B．We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.
C．Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways.
D．Dogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people.
E．There are many other expressions waiting for you to explore.
F．That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.
G．They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care.
答案：1～5　GFACB







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Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points

一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.accent n．口音 2.subway n. (美)地铁 3.queue vi. (英)排队(等候) 4.omit vt. 省略 5.remark n. 评论；讲话 6.steadily adv. 不断地；持续地 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的→obviously adv.明显地，显而易见地 2.confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confused adj.感到困惑的；难懂的→confuse v．使混乱；使困惑→confusion n．困惑；混乱；混淆 3.compare vt.比较；对比→comparison n．比较；对比 4.variety n．种类；变化；多样性→vary v．变化；改变；不同→various adj.各种各样的；不同的 5.differ vi.不同，有区别→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同 6.settler n．移民；定居者→settle v．决定；定居→settlement n．殖民；开拓 1.linguist n．语言学家[记法]　lingu(＝language语言)＋?ist(人) [联想]　?ist后缀指人的名词集锦 ①artist艺术家　　②scientist科学家 ③typist打字员 ④pianist钢琴家 ⑤novelist小说家 ⑥specialist专家 2.preposition n．介词 [联想]　?tion后缀的名词小结 ①attention注意 ②introduction介绍 ③description描写 ④intention目的，意图 ⑤communication交流 ⑥pronunciation发音 3.satellite n．卫星 [联想]　识记“天体”相关词①universe宇宙 ②planet行星③galaxy星系 ④space太空⑤solar system太阳系 ⑥the Milky Way银河 [词块]　①satellite communication卫星通信②satellite television卫星电视③satellite navigation卫星导航④satellite remote sensing卫星遥感；卫星遥感测量






二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.have ...in common　　　　　有相同的特点 2.make a difference 有影响，使不相同 3.get around 四处走动(旅行) 4.queue up/stand in line 排队 5.compare ...with ... 把……与……相比 6.be similar to 与……相似 7.have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 8.lead to 引起；导致 1.on the other side of the Atlantic　在大西洋彼岸2.make the famous remark 说这句名言 3.two nations divided by a common language 被同一种语言分开的两个民族 4.develop steadily 平稳发展 5.since the 1980s 自从20世纪80年代以来 6.at the flick of a switch 轻轻一按开关 7.pass into British English 传入英式英语 8.one of the best?known faces 最熟悉的面孔之一

三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.It doesn't make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English. 老师讲英式英语还是讲美式英语没有太大的差别。 你来不来参加派对并不重要。 it用作形式主语，真正的主语是由whether引导的主语从句。 It_doesn't_matter_whether you will attend the party or not.
2.Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it's a torch. 美国人把手电筒称为“flashlight”， 而英国人叫它“torch”。 许多学生热衷于电脑游戏，而李华却喜欢踢足球。 while用作并列连词，表示对比，意为“然而”。 Many students are hot on playing computer games, while Li Hua likes playing football.
3.This non?stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. 专家们认为，这种不间断的交流已使得英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。 电视音乐选秀节目让草根一族能更容易实现自己的梦想。 make it＋adj./n.＋for sb./sth. to do sth.，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语。 The TV music talent shows make_it_easier for the grass roots to realize their dreams.





1．(教材P1)We have really everything in common with America nowadays, except of course, language.
我们今天与美国真的一切都相同了，当然除了语言。
?have sth. in common (with sb./sth.) (和某人或某物)有相同/共同的特点
have much/a lot/everything in common
有很多共同之处
have not much/little/nothing in common
没有多少/(几乎)没有共同之处
in common with 与……一样
in common 共同，共有
①They have a lot in common and get along well with each other.
他们有很多相同之处，相处得很融洽。
②They are twin sisters, yet they have_little_in_common in their hobbies.
她们是孪生姐妹，但是她们的业余爱好几乎没有相同之处。
③In_common_with other companies, they advertise widely as well.
和其他公司一样，他们也广泛地做广告。
2．(教材P1)It doesn't make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.
老师讲英式英语还是讲美式英语没有太大的差别。
?make a difference有影响，使不相同，起重要作用
make no/little/some/much/a great difference (to)
(对……)没有/几乎没有/有些/有很大影响
tell the difference　辨别，区分
①(2016·北京高考)Little people can make a big difference.
小人物能有大作为。
②What you said just now made_no_difference to him.
刚才你说的话对他没有什么影响。
③The twins look so similar that you can hardly tell_the_difference_between them.
这对双胞胎看起来太像了，你简直无法把他们区分开来。
[联想发散]　“make＋a＋n.”短语归纳：
①make a choice　　　　　　　作选择
②make a decision 作决定
③make a face 扮鬼脸
④make a journey 旅行
⑤make a joke 说笑话，开玩笑
⑥make a living 谋生
3．(教材P2)The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary.
首先最明显的是在词汇方面。
?obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的
(1)It is obvious that ...　显然……
be obvious to sb. 对某人来说……是显然的/易于理解的
(2)obviously adv. 显然地，明显地
①It might be obvious to you, but it isn't to me.
这对你来说也许很容易理解，但对我却并非如此。
②It_is_obvious_that the two Englishes have much in common.
显然，这两种英语有很多共同之处。
③Obviously (obvious), American spelling is simpler than British spelling.
很显然，美式拼写要比英式拼写简单。
4．(教材P2)As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American)．
作为游客，你在伦敦要乘坐的地铁叫underground，而在纽约则叫subway，或者你更愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。
?get around四处走动(旅行)；传播，流传
get away from　摆脱；逃离
get over 克服；从(疾病、震惊等)中恢复常态
get through 用完；完成；接通(电话)
get on/along (with) 进展；相处
get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)……；开始认真对待……
①Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news gets around quickly.
好事不出门，坏事传千里。
②It's time I got down to some serious work.
我该认真干点正事了。
③I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn't get through.
昨天我试着给你打过几次电话，但是没有打通。
[名师点津]　get around/round意为“在各处；到各处”，主语为人时，常表示“旅行；到过很多地方”，相当于get about；主语为news等名词时，常表示“流传开来；众所周知”，此时get around没有被动语态。
5．(教材P2)Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing.
有时候同一个单词的含义有微小的差别，这让人很困惑。
?confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
(1)confuse vt.　　 使迷惑，混淆
confuse ...with/and ... 把……和……混淆
(2)confusion n. 混乱，困惑
in confusion 困惑地，混乱地
(3)confused adj. 感到困惑的
be confused about 对……感到迷惑
①Don't confuse Austria with/and Australia.
不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混了。
②A man in confusion (confuse) cannot focus on the required work.
思绪混乱的人不可能集中精力做他被要求做的工作。
③The confused look on his face suggested that he was confused about the confusing questions asked by his parents.(confuse)
他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。
[语境串记]　They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.
他们问了一大堆令人费解的问题，把我难住了。我完全困惑了，迷茫地站在那里，全然不知所措。
[名师点津]　v．?ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“……的；令人……的”；v.?ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，常用来描述人，意为“感到……的”。另外，修饰face, look, expression, voice等时，常用v.?ed形式的形容词。
6．(教材P2)Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British)．
介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on the team, on the weekend (美式) 和in the team, at the weekend (英式)。
?compare v．比较，对比

compare A with B　　　　把A和B比较一下
compare A to B 把A比作B
compare with ... 与……相匹敌
compared with/to ... 和……相比(通常作状语)
beyond/without compare 无与伦比；举世无双
①A teacher is often compared to a candle. That's because their devotion to work is beyond compare.
老师常被喻为蜡烛。那是因为他们对工作的奉献精神是无与伦比的。
②The girl who wants to become more beautiful often compares her skin with mine.
那位想变得更美的女孩总是把她的皮肤和我的相比。
③Compared_with/to me, you are much luckier.
和我相比，你幸运多了。
7．(教材P2)The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.
两种英语的另外两个方面的区别是拼写和发音。
?variety n．种类，品种；变化，多样性
(1)a variety of＝varieties of　各种各样的
(2)various adj. 各种各样的；不同的
(3)vary v. (使)变化，不同
vary from ... to ... 由……到……情况不等
①A variety of food is sold at a supermarket.
在超市，各种各样的食物均有出售。
②Our customs vary_from place to place.
我们的风俗习惯因地而异。
③Everyone arrived late at the party for various (vary) reasons.
由于种种原因，每个人到达聚会都很晚。
[名师点津]　a variety of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
?differ vi.不同，有区别
(1)differ in　　　　　在……方面不同
differ from 不同于，和……意见不一致
differ with sb. on/over/about sth.
与某人在某问题上的意见不同
(2)different adj. 不同的，有区别的
be different in 在某方面不同
be different from 不同于，与……有区别
(3)difference n. 区别，差别
①We differ with your opinion on/over/about that point.
在那个问题上我们和你的意见不一致。
②Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.
→Things in the world are_different_from each other in a thousand ways.
世界上的事物是千差万别的。
8．(教材P2)A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。
?have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
have some/much/a lot of/great/no difficulty (in) doing sth.　　　　做某事有些/很多/很大/没有困难
have some/much difficulty with sth.
在某事上有些/有很多困难
There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.
做某事有些/没有困难
①(2016·北京高考)She had more difficulty keeping focused.
她集中注意力更加困难。
②He has much difficulty with his English pronunciation.
他在英语发音方面有很大困难。
③There is no difficulty (in) finding (find) his house.
找到他的家毫不费力。
[名师点津]　这些句型中difficulty为不可数名词，difficulty可用trouble, a problem或problems代替。
9．(教材P3)But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.
但这也导致了大量美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语，以至于现在有一些人认为英式英语将会消失。
?lead to引起；导致；通向
(1)lead sb. to do sth.　　　　使某人做某事
lead sb. to/into ... 领着某人去/进入……
lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活
(2)in the lead 带头，处于领先地位
take the lead 带头
①(2017·江苏高考书面表达)Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.
结果，一些观众不再去电影院，导致(票房)增长缓慢。
②The invention of the new type of machine led to him/his winning (win) the prize.
这种新型机器的发明使他赢得了这个奖。
③After last night's win, Johnson has_taken_the_lead in the championship table.
昨天晚上赢了比赛后，约翰逊已在冠军排行榜上领先。
④The waiter led_me_to_a_table then gave me a brochure, which led_me_to_believe this was the best hotel I had stayed in.
那位服务员领我到一张桌子旁，然后给我一本小册子，这让我认为这是我住过的最好的旅馆。
[联想发散]　lead to中的to为介词，含介词to的动词短语我们还学过：
①be used to　　　　　　习惯于
②pay attention to 注意
③look forward to 期望，盼望
④refer to 提到，谈到，参考
⑤adapt to 适应

1．It doesn't make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.
老师讲英式英语还是讲美式英语没有太大的差别。
(1)为了保持句子平衡，本句中it作形式主语，代替后面whether引导的主语从句。
①It doesn't matter whether you win or not and the most important thing is to take part.
输赢不重要，重在参与。
②It's clear that learning English well is very important to us.
显然，学好英语对我们来说很重要。
(2)it作形式主语，除了代替从句外，还可以代替不定式或v.?ing形式。
③It is hard to_please (please) all.
众口难调。
④It is no use crying (cry) over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
2．This non?stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.
专家们认为，这种不间断的交流已使得英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。
make it＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do ...是固定句型，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，其中的形容词作宾语补足语。
①Timely return of a loan makes it easier to borrow a second time.
有借有还，再借不难。
(1)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：

(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等
②The old man found himself in hospital when he woke up.
那位老人醒来时发现自己在医院里。
③We should all make_it_clear_that success comes from diligence.
我们都应该明白成功源于勤奋。
④Foreigners find it difficult to_learn (learn) Chinese.
外国人觉得汉语很难学。



Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Professor Jordan gave us a most confusing lecture this afternoon and most of us were confused.(confuse)
2．I don't think it possible to_master (master) a foreign language without much memory.
3．Compared with/to other good students, the teacher thinks Hank is a more satisfying student.
4．When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble thinking (think) of the right things to say.
5．Obviously (obvious), the girl was confused when she was asked by the teacher.
6．There is no doubt that the increase in demand leads to the rise in prices.
7．We're going to get around hutongs of Beijing. Would you like to join us?
8．However small the contribution is, it will make a difference to the life of the people in the earthquake?stricken area.
Ⅱ.选词填空
have ... in common， be similar to， get around， a variety of， lead to， make a difference， queue up， have difficulty ?in? doing sth.
1．We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only leads_to violence.
2．To my surprise, I found I had a lot in_common with this stranger so we talked a lot.
3．Graduates should be optimistic that they can make_a_difference in our world if they do something good.
4．There are a_variety_of books in the library, and many people like to go there.
5．It is difficult for him to get_around because he doesn't know about the city.
6．Every day I have to queue_up at the bus stop to go to work.
7．Some students have_difficulty_in finding jobs after graduation, which is a concern of many people.
8．I am glad that your views on education are_similar_to mine.

一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We had to queue (排队) for an hour for the tickets.
2．The satellite (卫星) will be sent into space.
3．These two regions differ (不同) greatly in climate.
4．I compared (比较) the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.
5．The customers made a number of rude remarks (评论) about the goods on sale.
6．To his sadness, his health is getting steadily (持续地) worse.
7．There are a variety (不同种类) of animals in the zoo, and children like to come here.
8．Judging from your accent (口音), you come from Beijing.
9．Obviously (显而易见地), he is good at English.
10．“I have decided to become a linguist (语言学家)，” he wrote.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It is unclear that the meeting will go ahead as planned.that→whether
2．He thought he had no difficulty understand Americans.understand→understanding
3．The sea air has made the difference to his health.the→a
4．Wherever he is, he made a rule to take part in physical labour.made后加it
5．From his confusing look on his face, we knew that he didn't understand much of the lecture.confusing→confused
6．They had a lot in common with in grammar.去掉with
7．In his opinion, people's accents differ from with each other.去掉with
8．The discovery of new evidence leads to the thief be caught.be→being
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Although they are good friends, they_have_little_in_common.
尽管他们是好朋友，但他们几乎没有共同之处。
2．The boy leading the way, we_had_no_difficulty_finding_his_home.
这个男孩领着路，我们毫不费事地找到了他的家。
3．Many people believe that they don't have the ability to make_a_difference in the world.
许多人认为他们没有能力使这个世界有所不同。
4．The country is very quiet compared_with_the_town.
与市镇相比，农村显得非常安静。
5．The difference between us often leads_to quarrels.
我们之间的不同经常导致争吵。
6．Tom often smiles and is pleasant to deal with while_his_wife_is_serious and hard to get along with.
汤姆总是微笑，很好相处，然而他的妻子很严肃且难以相处。
7．Springs are very short where_she_lives.
在她住的地方春天很短暂。
8．They think it_necessary_to_avoid_making_mistakes.
他们认为避免犯错误是必要的。(用it作形式宾语)
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
There're four ways 1.that British and American English differ from each other. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. In grammar there're a few 2.differences (differ). The British say “Have you got ...？” 3.while Americans prefer “Do you have ...？” The British use prepositions 4.where Americans sometimes omit them. The other two areas 5.in which the two varieties are different are spelling and 6.pronunciation (pronounce). However, with communications 7.developing (develop) steadily for over a century, some experts believe that the two 8.are_moving (move) closer together due to satellite TV and the Internet. On 9.the other hand, English is spoken with different accents; in the future, there are going to be many other “Englishes”. In spite of this, users of English will have no difficulty 10.understanding (understand) each other.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
汤姆和杰克是兄弟，但是他们之间毫无共同之处(have nothing in common)。汤姆喜欢四处走动(get around)，然而(while)杰克喜欢待在室内。这对他们的生活影响(make a difference)很大。与杰克相比(compared with)，汤姆比较活泼，因此他交了很多朋友，但是杰克难以与其他人相处(have difficulty doing ...)。这使他们的父母很困惑(confusing)，于是他们决定帮助他克服(get over)这个问题。
Tom_and_Jack_are_brothers,_but_they_have_nothing_in_common._Tom_likes_getting_around,_while_Jack_likes_staying_indoors._It_makes_a_great_difference_to_their_life._Compared_with_Jack,_Tom_is_more_active,_so_he_has_made_many_friends._But_Jack_has_some_difficulty_getting_along_with_others._It_is_confusing_for_their_parents_so_they_decide_to_help_him_to_get_over_the_problem.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
For the next seven months, I will be working as an English language assistant in Perpignan, a city in southern France. It is located very close to the Spanish border, __1__ I can travel to Spain easily.
I love the fact that it appears as if there are two cultures __2__ into one in this small but diverse (多样的) city. I think the city is a __3__ place for a linguist like me, who is __4__ in studying both French and Spanish. Here, I can travel between France and Spain in less than two hours. This gives me the __5__ to explore Spain at the weekends after spending my __6__ in France. What a perfect __7__！
In fact, Salvador Dali, a very famous Spanish artist, said that the __8__ station in Perpignan is “the center of the earth”. Having now been there, I totally __9__ with Dali, as it is extremely easy to __10__ the best of both cultures once you board the train. It is very __11__ for one to travel from Perpignan to Barcelona, a large city in northeast Spain, and vice versa (反之亦然). You can take a day trip or a weekend holiday, which is __12__ yourself.
In fact, I have only been here for two and a half weeks so far. In the __13__， I found it quite difficult for me to __14__. I missed all my family and friends __15__. However, day by day, I am __16__ falling in love with this city. I even consider Perpignan a hidden gem (宝石), which is waiting for more people to __17__. I am looking forward to spending more time __18__ around France and Spain. Of course, I am involving myself in both cultures. I hope that with time going by, __19__ learning more about the two cultures, I will be able to __20__ my French and Spanish in both listening and speaking.
语篇解读：作者来到佩皮尼昂工作，这是一个法国南部的城市，临近西班牙。作者希望在这里能体验两国文化，提高自己的语言水平。
1．A.or　　　　　　　　　 B．but
C．if D．so
解析：选D　根据上文的“It is located very close to the Spanish border”，可知，此处为因果关系。
2．A.collected B．put
C．combined D．divided
解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者在此处表示两种文化被合二为一于这个小却多样化的城市里。
3．A.safe B．wonderful
C．beautiful D．quiet
解析：选B　因为法国佩皮尼昂市融合了法国和西班牙两国的文化，故对于一位像作者一样的语言学者而言是极好的一个地方。
4．A.interested B．disappointed
C．lucky D．honest
解析：选A　根据语境可知，作者对于学习法语和西班牙语很感兴趣。
5．A.space B．message
C．result D．opportunity
解析：选D　佩皮尼昂市的地理位置给了作者机会在法国和西班牙两国之间旅行。
6．A.weekdays B．holidays
C．months D．ages
解析：选A　根据上文“explore Spain at the weekends”以及作者在法国工作的事实可知，作者的工作日在法国度过。
7．A.business B．chance
C．balance D．exercise
解析：选C　根据上文的内容可知这是一个完美的平衡。
8．A.ship B．plane
C．bus D．railway
解析：选D　根据下文的“once you board the train”可知，此处应指火车站。
9．A.connect B．agree
C．compare D．argue
解析：选B　根据语境可知，我非常同意萨尔瓦多·达利的说法。
10．A.imagine B．demand
C．experience D．share
解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者在法国和西班牙两国之间旅行，可以体验两种文化。
11．A.convenient B．boring
C．satisfying D．important
解析：选A　乘坐火车，在法国的佩皮尼昂和西班牙的巴塞罗那两个城市之间往来非常方便。
12．A.looking after B．depending on
C．showing up D．learning from
解析：选B　根据上文的“You can take a day trip or a weekend holiday”，可知，是进行一天的旅行还是一个周末的旅行，取决于你自己。
13．A.past B．future
C．beginning D．end
解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者刚到这个地方的时候，还不太适应。
14．A.settle in B．set off
C．give up D．calm down
解析：选A　初到一个地方，比较难以适应(settle in)。
15．A.completely B．suddenly
C．greatly D．differently
解析：选C　作者刚开始的时候非常想念自己的家人和朋友。
16．A.strangely B．gradually
C．recently D．immediately
解析：选B　根据上文“However, day by day”，可知，作者逐渐喜欢上了这里。
17．A.design B．choose
C．order D．discover
解析：选D　根据上文“I even consider Perpignan a hidden gem (宝石)”可知，作者认为佩皮尼昂是一块被掩藏的宝石，等待着更多的人来发现。
18．A.working B．traveling
C．moving D．appearing
解析：选B　作者期待着有更多的时间在西班牙和法国旅行，让自己融入到两种文化中。
19．A.besides B．for
C．within D．until
解析：选A　根据语境可知，此处表示除了更多地了解两国文化之外。
20．A.face B．change
C．forget D．improve
解析：选D　根据语境可知，作者希望自己法语和西班牙语的听力和口语技能都能得到提高。
Ⅱ.短文改错
It's time to say goodbye. I can't help recalling those beautiful days we spent them together. You are the very person who gives me the hand when I need help. You are the more considerate person who knows exactly that I need. Do you still remember that night two years ago? When I suddenly fall ill, it was you who carried me on your back to the hospital. You took well care of me when I was in hospital. Later, you managed help me with my lessons. With your help, I would have failing in the exams. I still have hundreds of story to share with you. I still have thousands of blessings for you. May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last forever!
答案：第二句：去掉them
第三句：第二个the→a
第四句：more→most; that→what
第六句：fall→fell
第七句：well→good
第八句：managed后加to
第九句：with→without; failing→failed
第十句：story→stories







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Section Ⅲ Grammar— 复习动词时态（Ⅰ）
?语法图解

?探究发现
①It doesn't make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.
②I've already decided to join the theatre group.
③Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago.
④A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
⑤Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together.
⑥Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch.
⑦This international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many “Englishes”， not just two main varieties.
⑧Users of English will all be able to understand each other — wherever they are.
[我的发现]
(1)①、④句用了一般现在时态。
(2)②、③、⑥句用了现在完成时态，表示该动作发生在过去，持续到了现在。
(3)⑤句用了现在进行时态，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
(4)⑦、⑧句用了一般将来时态，⑦句表示有征兆、迹象会发生某事，而⑧句表示将要发生的动作或状态。

一、一般现在时
1．表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。常和often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week等时间状语连用。
I often read books in my spare time.
业余时间我经常看书。
He always sleeps with the window open.
他总是开着窗户睡觉。
[即时演练1]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
(2017·北京高考改编)People have (have) better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.
(2)翻译句子
①这家商店每天9点开门。
The_shop_opens_at_nine_every_day.
②他经常去看电影。
He_often_goes_to_the_cinema.
③汤姆一周给他父母打一次电话。
Tom_calls_his_parents_once_a_week.
2．表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
Mary is good at music.
玛丽擅长音乐。
He knows a lot of English.
他英语懂得很多。
3．表示客观事实或普遍真理。
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
Time and tide wait for no man.
岁月不等人(时不我待)。
4．在时间、让步和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.
等他来了，我们再开始讨论。
You'll make great progress if you work hard!
你如果努力学习，就会取得很大进步。
[即时演练2]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①I'll follow him wherever he goes (go)．
②Helen says she will leave the company if she is_punished (punish) for her carelessness.
③I will be a nurse and look after patients when I grow (grow) up.
(2)单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！came→comes
②My parents have promised to come to see me before I will leave for Africa.去掉will
③If you will look carefully you can just see our house from here.去掉will
5．表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事，通常限于表示动作趋向性或“位置转移”的非延续性动词(短语)，如go, come, leave, start, begin, open, close, arrive, take off等，其后常跟有表示将来的时间状语。
The train leaves at 7：25 this evening.
火车今晚7：25开。
Our summer vacation begins in early July.
我们的暑假七月初开始。
6．小说、故事、文学作品等的情节介绍、评论等。
Harry Potter is set in the modern world.
《哈利·波特》以现代世界为背景。
[即时演练3]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
A Midsummer Night's Dream opens (open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.
(2)翻译句子
①汽车将在下午6点钟离开伦敦。
The_bus_leaves_London_at_6_o'clock_in_the_afternoon.
②飞机将于下午4点起飞。
The_plane_takes_off_at_4_pm.
二、现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作。
(1)表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now, at present, at this moment等连用。
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作。常与these days, this week/month, recently等连用。
All the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now.
同学们正在教室里复习功课。
[即时演练4]　用所给词的适当形式填空
①Hurry up! Mark and Carol are_expecting (expect) us.
②We are_studying (study) French this semester (学期)．
③Now the situation is_becoming (become) worse because of her carelessness.
④The fact is that those scientists are_studying (study) this kind of disease these days.
2．现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly, forever等表示频度的副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，常含有厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。
She is always thinking of others instead of herself.
她总是想着别人而不是她自己。(赞扬)
The boy is constantly asking such silly questions.
那个男孩老是提这类愚蠢的问题。(不耐烦)
[名师点津]　现在进行时的这一用法与一般现在时的区别在于，后者只是说明事实，不含感彩。试比较：
He is constantly doing good work at school.
他在学校总是成绩优秀。(表扬)
He does good work at school.
他在学校成绩优秀。(事实)
3．在口语中，表示主语按计划将要进行的动作。常与come (来), go (去), leave (离开), depart (离开), arrive (到达), stay (逗留), start/begin (开始), lecture(做演讲), take off (起飞)等动词(短语)连用。
Mr Smith is leaving for Nanjing tonight.
史密斯先生今晚去南京。
The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.
会议在下午三点开始。
[即时演练5]　用现在进行时完成句子
①The mothers now are_always_sending_their_children (总是送她们的孩子) to all kinds of classes after school.
②Mr Gao is_lecturing (将进行演讲) on how to study English next week.
③We are_leaving_Beijing_for_Shanghai (将离开北京去上海) tomorrow.
三、一般将来时
一般将来时表示在现在看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
1．shall/will＋动词原形，表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态，特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下临时决定去做的事情只能用此结构。
I think they will help you if you tell them.
我认为只要你告诉他们，他们会帮助你的。
—Tom was injured badly in the accident yesterday.
—Oh, I didn't know. I will see him after work.
——汤姆在昨天的事故中受伤很严重。
——噢，我不知道。我下班后去看他。(临时决定)
2．will＋动词原形，表示习惯性动作或未来的倾向。
Wherever he goes, he will take an umbrella with him.
无论到哪儿，他总是带着一把伞。
Oil will float on water.
油总是浮在水上。
3．除“shall/will＋动词原形”构成一般将来时外，以下形式也可构成将来时：
(1)be going to do sth.
该结构表示“计划、打算去做某事”以及根据一些迹象判断要发生某事。
This is just what I am going to say.
这正是我想说的。
Look at the dark clouds; I guess it is going to rain this afternoon.
看这些乌云，我想今天下午要下雨了。
(2)be about to do sth.
该结构表示“即将、正要做某事”，强调近期内或马上要做，不与具体的时间状语连用。
Don't worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.
别担心。我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。
(3)be to do sth.
该结构表示“按计划、安排或打算要做某事”，有时强调决心。
She is to get married next month.
她将于下个月结婚。
[即时演练6]
(1)用将来时的表达法填空
①—Why did you buy paint?
—I am_going_to paint my house tomorrow.
②I was_about_to get on the bus when I heard someone calling me from behind.
③You are_to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.
④—How can I apply for an online course?
—Just fill out this form and we will see what we can do for you.
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空
We are confident that the environment will_be_improved (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
四、现在完成时
构成：have/has＋过去分词。其用法如下：
1．表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的影响或结果，常与already, yet, never, before, so far, up to now等连用。
I have already made a plan for my study ahead of time.
我已经提前制订了学习计划。
—Have you finished your homework yet?
—Yes, I have already finished it.
——你做完作业了吗？
——是的，我已经做完了。
[名师点津]
时态 区别
现在完成时 强调过去发生的动作产生的结果或对现在的影响——落脚点在现在
一般过去时 着重说明动作发生在过去，强调动作本身——落脚点在过去
试比较：
She has lived in Paris for twenty years.
她在巴黎住了20年了。(可能刚搬走，还可能继续住下去)
She lived in Paris for twenty years.
她在巴黎住了20年。(现在已经不在那儿住了)
[即时演练7]　用所给词的适当形式填空
①In recent years, learning Chinese has_become (become) popular among people around the world.
②His first novel has_received (receive) good reviews since it came out last month.
③I'm glad you have_made (make) great progress so far. Keep it up and you must be successful.
④—Oh no! We're too late. The train has_left (leave)．
—That's OK. We'll catch the next train to London.
2．表示从过去开始持续到现在并有可能持续下去的动作或状态，这时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：today, this week, lately, recently, these days, in the past few days, during the last two weeks, since, since two days ago, for a long time等。
We have learned English for eight years.
我们学英语八年了。
He's lived in London since three years ago.
自从三年前他就住在伦敦。
3．在“It/This is the first/second ... last time＋从句”与“It/This is the＋序数词或形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”这两个句型中，从句中的谓语要用现在完成时。
It is the first time I have driven a car.
这是我第一次开车。
This is the most interesting film he has made.
这是他拍的最有趣的电影。
[名师点津]　若It is the first/second ... that ...句型中is改为was，从句中的谓语动词应用had done形式。
4．在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中代替将来完成时。
I'll go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework.
我一完成作业就去参加聚会。
[即时演练8]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①It is the first time that he has_been_invited (invite) to Beijing.
②It is the second time that I have_been (be) in Shanghai.
③It is the most instructive lecture that I have_attended (attend) since I came to this school.
(2)完成句子
①Great changes have_taken_place in the small city in the last 20 years.
在过去的20年里这个小城发生了巨大的变化。
②Recently, lots of trees have_been_planted around the square.
最近广场周围新栽种了不少树。
③Since I left college, I have_not_seen him.
自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I'm sorry I have_lost (lose) my key. I can't open the door.
2．Hurry up, Jerry! We all are_waiting (wait) for you.
3．This is the first time that I have_seen (see) this kind of film.
4．The teacher told us that light travels (travel) faster than sound.
5．We will lose money this year unless the new economic plan of yours works (work) miracle.
6．This song sounds very pleasant. Let's go upstairs and see who is_singing (sing)．
7．—I thought I had reminded you to take out the rubbish.
—Oh, I forgot. I will_do (do) it right now.
8．The telephone has_rung (ring) five times in the last two hours, and each time it was for my father.
9．The little girl is very happy, because she has_sold (sell) out all the flowers.
10．I think they will_help (help) you if you tell them.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I'm_writing_to_invite you to see the Chinese paper?cutting exhibition. It is a Chinese folk art with a long history.
我写信邀请你参观中国剪纸艺术展。它是中国的一种民间艺术形式，有着悠久的历史。
2．(2017·天津高考书面表达)The 13th National Games will_take_place in Tianjin at the end of August.
第十三届全运会将于8月底在天津举行。
3. We will_meet_at_the_school_gate at 9：00 on Sunday morning and back at 17：30.
我们将在星期天的上午9点钟在学校大门口见面，在17：30返回。
4．I've learnt that your website is_organizing_an_activity,_and there are two kinds of participating ways.
我了解到你们网站正在组织一个活动，并且有两种参加途径。
5．The Internet is_playing_a_more_and_more_important_part in our daily life.
在日常生活中，互联网起着越来越重要的作用。
6．In a word, the Internet has_made_our_life_more_colorful and will_be_used more commonly in our life.
总之，互联网使我们的生活更加丰富多彩，并将会在我们生活中被更普遍地应用。
7．I have_taught_some_foreigners_Mandarin,_which makes me have much experience in teaching.
我已经教过一些外国人普通话，这使我在教学方面有许多经验。
8．Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is_going_to_visit_Beijing this summer.
史密斯医生和他的妻子及女儿今年夏天将去参观北京。
Ⅲ.短文改错
According to the World Forum on Water Resource, all the countries in the world, especial developing countries are facing the lack of water, that is leading to many serious problems. It even threatens the healthy of people. It is time to take action.
I think we should do all we can to save water. Firstly, we should not to leave the tap running while we brush our tooth, wash our hands or clean vegetables. Secondly, we can wash vegetables and fruits on a basin rather than under a running tap so that the leftover water can be using for watering flowers or cleaning the floor. Never thought that these things are not worth do. Every drop counts and we can make difference.
答案：第一句：especial→especially; that→which
第二句：healthy→health
第五句：去掉to; tooth→teeth
第六句：on→in; using→used
第七句：thought→think; do→doing
第八句：difference前加a







PAGE



1









Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module


[原文呈现]
The Man Who Made Spelling Simple
In English the spelling of words does not always① represent② the sound. So people say/raIt/but spell it right, or write, or even rite. Combinations③ of letters (like ough) may be pronounced in a number of ways④. And some words just seem to have too many letters.
For Americans things are a little bit⑤ easier, thanks to⑥ the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from⑦ Yale University in 1778⑧. As a young man⑨ he had fought against⑩ the British in the American War of Independence, and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive?“American” look?.
[读文清障]
①not always并不总是，表示部分否定。
②represent vt.代表；象征
③combination/?k?mbI'neI?n/n.组合；结合
④in a number of ways以多种方式
⑤a little bit稍微
⑥thanks to幸亏，多亏
⑦graduate from毕业于
⑧a teacher是Noah Webster的同位语，who引导定语从句，修饰a teacher。
⑨as a young man年轻时，注意as不要直译为“作为”。
⑩fight against与……作斗争；为反对……而斗争
fight for为……而斗争
?distinctive/dI'stI?ktIv/adj.与众不同的
?look/l?k/n.外观；外表；样子
用作复数时，意为“相貌”。
简化拼写的人
[第1～2段译文]
在英语中单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。所以人们说/raIt/，但是拼写成right或write，甚至rite。字母的组合(如ough)可能有很多发音方式，并且一些单词看上去有太多的字母。
对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚·韦伯斯特的人，他是一位1778年毕业于耶鲁大学的教师。年轻时，他就参加过反对英国的美国独立战争，并且他觉得书面英语在新独立的美国应该有明显的“美国”特色。
So he began his work on American English. His first book, The Elementary Spelling Book, suggested? simplifying? the spelling of English words. The book was extremely? popular. By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making? it one of the most popular school books ever?.
Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted?. Center instead of centre, program instead of programme, and flavor instead of flavour. Others, however, such as removing silent letters? like the s in island or the final e in examine, were not.
Webster is best known for? his American Dictionary of the English Language, which first appeared in 1828. It introduced lots of new American words, with information about their pronunciation and use, and, of course, the new spelling. The British criticised the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. Today, Webster's dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American students.
?suggest doing ...建议做……
?simplify/'sImplIfaI/vt.简化
?extremely adv.尤其，非常
?现在分词短语在此处作结果状语。
?ever与最高级连用，意为“空前，有史以来”；与比较级连用，意为“曾经，以往任何时候”，用来加强语气。
?adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养
注意形似词adapt，意为“使适应，改编”。
?silent letters不发音的字母
?be best known for因……而最著名
原级：be well known for
which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词American Dictionary of the English Language。
introduce vt.引进
pronunciation n．发音， pronounce v．发音
criticise/'krItI?saIz/vt.批评
criticise sb. for sth.因某事批评某人
standard/'st?nd?d/adj.标准的
reference/'ref?r?ns/n.参考；查阅
a reference book参考书
第3～5段译文]
因此他开始了美式英语的工作。他的第一本书，《基础拼读教材》，建议简化英语单词的拼写。这本书非常受欢迎。到19世纪50年代，每年售出100万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。,许多建议很快被采纳了。center代替了centre， program代替了programme， flavor代替了flavour。然而，其他的，例如去掉island中不发音的字母s和examine中的最后一个字母e，则没有被采纳。,韦伯斯特最出名的是他的《美国英语词典》，这本词典在1828年首次出版。书中引进了大量新的美式单词，且带有它们的发音和用法，当然也有新的拼写方式。英国人批评该词典，但是在美国它却很快成为标准的参考书。今天，韦伯斯特的词典对于美国学生来说依然是头号重要的词典。


Read the passage The Man Who Made Spelling Simple and choose the best answers.
1．What is Webster best known for?
A．The Elementary Spelling Book.
B．Fighting against the British.
C．Simplifying some English words.
D．American Dictionary of the English Language.
2．Why did Noah Webster begin his work on American English?
A．Because he graduated from Yale University.
B．Because he fought against the French as a young man.
C．Because he thought written English in the new country should have a distinctive “American” look.
D．Because the newly independent country had no written English.
3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
A．Webster was a teacher.
B．He fought against the British.
C．He wrote The Elementary Spelling Book.
D．He led the American War of Independence.
4．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．British spelling seems simpler than American spelling.
B．Webster graduated from Yale University.
C．American Dictionary of the English Language first appeared in 1828.
D．American Dictionary of the English Language is still of great use.
答案：1～4　DCDA


这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.rapidly adv.　　迅速地 2.edition n. (广播、电视节目的)期；版 3.cute adj. 逗人喜爱的 4.present vt. 陈述；提出(观点、计划等) 5.attempt n. 努力；尝试 6.distinctive adj. 与众不同的 7.look n. 外观；外表；样子 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.announcement n．声明；宣告→announce vt.宣布；宣告 2.add vt.加；增加→addition n．增添；添加 3.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的 4.combination n．组合；结合→combine v．使结合 5.reference n．参考；查阅→refer v．参考；查阅 1.rapidly adv.迅速地[同义]　①quickly adv.迅速地，很快地 ②fast adj.迅速的，快速的　adv.迅速地 ③directly adv.直接地；立即；马上 ④swiftly adv.很快地 2. edition n．(广播、电视节目的)期；版 [记法]　词根edit(编辑)＋?tion(名词后缀) [联想]　盘点后缀?tion名词 ①situation情况；形势；处境　②starvation饿死；挨饿 ③operation手术 ④reaction反应，感应 3.distinctive adj.与众不同的 [联想]　后缀?tive形容词荟萃①attractive吸引人的 ②creative有创造性的③active活跃的 ④instructive有教育意义的

二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.on the air 　　　　　 　正在广播 2.get used to 习惯于 3.so far 迄今为止 4.a couple of 两三个 5.pick up (偶然)学会；捡起；搭载 6.wear off 磨损；慢慢消失 7.belong to 属于 8.in favour of 同意；支持 9.refer to ...as ... 称……为…… 10.thanks to 由于；幸亏，多亏 1.as you know　　　　　　　　　正如你所知道的2.give your views on the subject 说明你对这个话题的观点 3.most native speakers of English 大多数以英语为母语的人 4.communicate with non?native speakers as well as native speakers和非本地人交流，同样也和本地人交流 5.varieties of Chinese 汉语的变体 6.one fifth of the world's population　世界人口的五分之一 7.a little bit easier 稍微容易些 8.a standard reference book 一本标准的参考书

三、这样记句式

先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.As you know, every week on this programme we discuss an aspect of the way we live now ... 正如大家所知道的，本栏目每个星期都要讨论我们现在生活的一个方面…… 你应该像我那样去传球。 当the way作先行词且在从句中作状语时，定语从句可以用that/in which或省略关系词。 You should pass the ball the_way_(that/_in_which)_I_did_it.
2.I'm getting on just fine, now that I understand the local accent. 由于我懂得了当地方言，所以一切都很顺利。 既然你已经长大了，就不应该依赖父母了。 now that意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句。 Now_that_you_have_grown_up,_you should not rely on your parents.
3.By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever. 到19世纪50年代，每年售出100万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。 中国建了更多的高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更便利了。 现在分词短语作结果状语。 More highways have been built in China, making_it_much_easier_for_people_to_travel from one place to another.



1．(教材P7)If Callum picked up the local accent he started to use it.
如果凯乐姆学会当地口音，他就会开始使用它。
?pick up (偶然)学会；开车(接某人)；接收(节目、信号)；买到某物；改进，(身体)好转；捡起，举起
[一词多义]　写出下列句中pick up的含义
①You will soon pick up after a day or two in bed.好转
②When living in England, he picked up some English.(偶然)学会
③You can pick up BBC News with a short?wave radio.接收
④We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.开车(接某人)
⑤We managed to pick up a few bargains at the auction.买到某物
[联想发散]　常见的“动词＋up”型短语还有：
①put up修建，举起，张贴　 ②go up上升，上涨
③turn up出现，把声音调大 ④take up占据
⑤give up放弃 ⑥bring up提出；教育；培养
2．(教材P8)Now add some more ideas in favour of your chosen variety.
现在再补充一些观点来支持你所选择的种类。
?add vt.加；增加；补充说
add ... to ...　　　　　在……中加上……
add to 增加；增添
add up 加起来
add up to 总计，总共有
①“I quite agree to your plan.” he added.
他补充说：“我十分同意你的计划。”
②The bad weather only added_to our difficulties.
恶劣的天气更增加了我们的困难。
③Will you add more sugar to the coffee?
咖啡里你需要再加些糖吗？
④He added_up those numbers and they added_up_to 5,050.
他把那些数字加起来，它们合计为5 050。
?in favour of 同意；支持
　　帮某人一个忙
请求某人帮忙
in sb.'s favour 有利于某人
①Are you in favour of his opinion that British English will disappear?
你赞成他的英式英语会消失的观点吗？
②Could you do_me_a_favour to favour us? If so, the situation will be in_our_favour.
你能帮我一个忙来支持我们吗？如果这样的话，局势会对我们有利。
[联想发散]　类似in favour of的“in＋n.＋of”结构的短语还有：
①in place of代替　　　　②in charge of负责，管理
③in case of万一 ④in need of需要
⑤in face of面对，面临 ⑥in search of 寻找
3．(教材P8)Present your ideas to the rest of the class.
向班里其他同学陈述你的想法。
?present
(1)vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；赠给
present sth. to sb.　　　向某人提出/陈述某事；向某人颁发某物
present sb. with sth. 向某人颁发/赠送某物
①Some girl students presented the foreign visitors with flowers/presented flowers to the foreign visitors as soon as they arrived.
这些外国参观者一到达，一些女学生就向他们赠送了鲜花。
(2)adj.
the present day/situation　　现在/现状
at the present time 目前
be present at 出席，到场
②The practice has continued from medieval times to the_present_day.
这种做法从中世纪时期一直延续至今。
(3)n.礼物；目前
for the present　　　　　　就目前来说，暂时
up to the present 直到现在
at present 目前，现在
③I've got enough money for_the_present,_but I must go to the bank tomorrow.
我的钱暂时还够用，但我明天必须去银行。
④I'm sorry he's out at_present.
很抱歉他这会儿不在。
[语境串记]　The boss was not satisfied with the present plan, so he asked the engineers present at the meeting to present a new one in a day.
老板对当前的计划不满意，所以他要求出席会议的工程师们在一天之内提出一个新的计划。
4．(教材P8)The Chinese refer to their language as Han, as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty.
中国人把自己的语言称为汉语，是因为该语言早在汉朝就在人们中流行了。
?refer to ... as ...称……为……
refer to　　　　　参考，查阅；提到，涉及；与……相关
reference n. 提及，谈到；参考；查阅
for quick/easy/further reference
以便快速/容易/日后查阅
reference book 参考书
①People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”．
那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。
②We all agreed never to refer_to_the_matter again.
我们一致同意永远不再提这件事。
③A vocabulary index is included for_easy_reference.
附有词汇索引以便查阅。
[联想发散]　我们还学过以下表示“把……看做/称为……”的短语：regard ... as, look on ... as, treat ... as, think of ... as, consider ... as等。
5．(教材P9)Can you see any similarities between Webster's work and attempts to simplify Chinese?
你能找出韦伯斯特的工作同简化汉语的尝试之间的相同点吗？
?attempt n．努力；尝试 vt.试图，企图；尝试
make an attempt to do/at doing sth.试图做某事
at one's/the first attempt 某人第一次尝试
attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事
attempted adj. 未遂的，企图的
①She made an attempt to get/at getting them on the telephone, but nobody was home.
她试着与他们取得电话联系， 但家里没有人。
②He was as proud as a peacock when he passed his driving test at_his/the_first_attempt.
当在第一次尝试中通过驾照考试时，他得意洋洋。
③He attempted to_work (work) out the question, but failed, which made him a bit blue.
他试图算出那道题，但没算出来，这使他有点郁闷。
④A prisoner is being questioned in reference to the attempted (attempt) escape last night.
昨晚逃跑未遂的一个犯人正在被审问。
[辨析比较]　attempt, manage
attempt 表示试图做某事，但不一定有结果，与try同义，但比try正式
manage 表示设法成功做成某事
选用以上单词填空
⑤They attempted to climb the steepest part of the mountain, but failed. They didn't lose heart and tried again. At last, they managed to get to the top of the mountain.
6.(教材P9)For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778.
对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚·韦伯斯特的人，他是一位1778年毕业于耶鲁大学的教师。
?thanks to幸亏，多亏(多作状语)；由于
①Thanks to the timely help, many lucky people survived the earthquake.
多亏了及时的帮助，很多幸运的人得以在地震中幸存下来。
②Thanks_to the disease, I have the opportunity to improve my character.
由于疾病，我有机会磨炼自己的意志。
[名师点津]　thanks to表示原因时暗含“感激”之意，其中to是介词。
常见的其他表示“原因”的短语：
because of　　　　　　因为，由于
due to 因为，由于(作表语或状语)
owing to 因为，由于(作状语)
as a result of 由于
on account of 由于
③He had to retire because_of ill health.
他因为健康问题不得不退休。
④Our delay was due_to the heavy traffic.
我们的延误是因为交通拥堵。

1．As you know, every week on this programme we discuss an aspect of the way we live now, and today's topic is the language we speak — English.
正如大家所知道的，本栏目每个星期都要讨论我们现在生活的一个方面，今天的话题是我们所说的语言——英语。
本句中the way后接定语从句，省略了引导词that。此时that为关系副词，相当于in which，在从句中作方式状语。
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。
①No one likes the way (that/in which) he treats the child.
没人喜欢他对待那个孩子的方式。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。
②The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.
在会议上提出的方法不切实际。
(3)way表示“方式，方法”时，其后还可接不定式或“of＋doing sth.”的形式。
③Can you show us the way to keep apples?
＝Can you show us the_way_of_keeping apples?
你能教我们保存苹果的方法吗？
2．By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.
到19世纪50年代，每年售出100万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。
(1)句中making it one of the most popular school books ever为现在分词短语作结果状语，是由上文的原因推出的一个必然结果。
①By 1820, the population of New York had grown to about 125,000, making it the largest city in the USA.
到1820年，纽约的人口增长到大约125 000人，使它成为美国最大的城市。
②She left the room so hurriedly, leaving (leave) the lights on for the whole night.
她离开房间时太匆忙了，结果(忘了关灯而)让灯亮了整整一个晚上。
(2)表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后面，其前常用逗号隔开，分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或therefore (因而，因此)。
③Carbon burns in oxygen or air, thus forming carbon dioxide.
碳在氧气或空气中燃烧，这样就形成了二氧化碳。
[名师点津]　 现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然、顺理成章的结果；而动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，有时为了加强语气，还在其前面加only。
④He hurried to the booking office, only to_be_told (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.
他匆匆去了售票处，却被告知票已售完。



Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Material about recent research added (add) to this new edition has attracted many readers.
2．Here's a tip I picked up from my mother.
3．He dropped the glass on the ground, breaking (break) it into pieces.
4．The group planned to present this plan to the president.
5．The player made an attempt at the world record, but failed.
6．There are several reference (refer) books for you to choose from.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He picked_up_a_wallet on the way to picking_up_his_daughter yesterday.
昨天他在接他女儿的路上捡到一个钱包。
2．Please add_up_the_numbers and I'm sure they will add_up_to_more_than_2,000.
请把这些数字加起来，我相信总数将会超过2 000。
3．It's reported that thirty people were_present_at_the_meeting yesterday.
据报道，昨天有30人出席了会议。
4．It was silly of him to_refer_to_his_notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.
他在那次重要测试中查阅笔记是非常愚蠢的，结果他受到了惩罚。
5．It was thanks_to_Jenny's_timely_help that we accomplished the task on time.
正是由于珍妮的及时帮助，我们才按时完成了任务。
6．What really matters at a debate is not what you say but the_way_(that/in_which)_you_say_it.
在辩论中重要的不是你说了什么而是你说话的方式。

一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The little girl is so cute (逗人喜爱的) that everyone likes her.
2．She has a very distinctive (与众不同的) way of walking.
3．A new chapter is included in the second edition (版)．
4．We would like to present (提出) some suggestions which will help settle the question.
5．After repeated attempts (尝试) they finally succeeded.
6．Try to simplify (简化) your explanation for the children.
7．Generations of students have learnt to repeat the standard (标准的) explanations.
8．He carried on the business in combination (联合) with his friends.
9．He criticised (批评) me for failing to complete the work on time.
10．The library contains a large number of foreign language reference (参考) books.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It's surprising that your brother picked out Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.out→up
2．You'd better add up to your scores and see if you have passed the exam.去掉to
3．A new stadium is being built in present in our city. Work on it will complete in another two months.第一个in→at
4．If you come across an unknown English word, you can refer with your e?dictionary to find its meaning.with→to
5．Thank to your help, I got the first in the final?term English examination.Thank→Thanks
6．The bell indicated the end of the period rang, interrupted our heated discussion.interrupted→interrupting
Ⅲ.选词填空
in favour of， refer to ... as ...， make an attempt， in combination with， thanks to， in reference to， pick up， get used to
1．We've reached our goal of D|S50,000, thanks_to the generosity (慷慨) of the public.
2．Are you in_favour_of my plan or against it?
3．I made_an_attempt to talk to him but he took no notice of me.
4．Never take this medicine in_combination_with alcohol (酒) or you will die.
5．The man likes to refer_to his cat as his girlfriend.
6．Young people are picking_up some Internet words.
7．These kids used to live in a small village. It took them almost a year to get_used_to living in a large city.
8．She kept saying horrible things in_reference_to the film.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They find it very difficult to finish their work in two days.
2．My friend suggested that I (should)_make (make) more efforts to improve my oral English.
3．The shocked (shock) look on her face suggested that she couldn't believe what her manager said.
4．He's giving her French lessons in exchange for her teaching him English.
5．Natural disasters have obviously (obvious) contributed to the continent's economic crisis.
6．It's a headache trying to get around in a strange town. I will just take a taxi and avoid all the trouble.
7．Unless some extra money is_found (find), the theatre will close.
8．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers are_repairing (repair) one of the main pipes.


Ⅱ.完成句子
1．As we all know, the earth travels_around_the_sun.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
2．She is always helping_other_people.
她总是帮助别人。
3．The students will_have_five_English_classes per week this term.
本学期学生每周要上五节英语课。
4．Jim is_going_to_be_a_scientist when he grows up.
吉姆长大后要当科学家。
5．I was_about_to_go_to_have_dinner when he called me up.
我正要去吃饭，这时他给我打电话。
6．So far, the disease has_not_been_so_terrible as it seems to be.
到目前为止，这种疾病没有它看起来那么糟糕。
7．Any change in lifestyle will make_a_difference_to_your_health.
生活方式的任何变化都会影响你的健康。
8．Though he came from a family similar_to_mine,_we have little similarity in taste.
虽然他和我来自相似的家庭，但我们的嗜好没有相似之处。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Uploading countless selfies (自拍照), writing personal status updates, and checking your messages every other minute seem like just a part of modern daily life, right? These are the markers of the relationship we all have with social media now, which started out just as a way to communicate with one another.

According to a recent study by experts at the University of Georgia, there may be more to it than that. The findings suggested some unmistakable correlations between social media use and what's known as “grandiose narcissism (浮夸的自恋)”. People crazily post their pictures and update their personal status online to make themselves known to others. Their posts are always in their very best light. After all, it's a quick and easy way to get some much?needed attention.
When does social media use become a problem? The University of Georgia carried out the research according to the following questions: How long do people spend on social media? How often do they tweet or update statuses? How many friends or followers do they have? How many selfies do they tend to post? If you do all the above things, it likely sends signals about your personality. All of these online actions have one thing in common: They are all ways in which we try to promote ourselves online. Therefore, it's how you use the platform that counts.
Then, exactly how much time spent online is too much? The researchers didn't measure. However, another study from Baylor University listed SALIENCE (social platforms becoming necessary in your daily life) and EUPHORIA (the feeling of excitement when you use them) among other things as signs of addiction. That is to say, if you are always busy with social media on a daily basis, it could be a sign that you have a harmful relationship with it.
Therefore, it's how you use the platform that matters. Social media itself means no harm. Instead, more benefits can be got if you use it carefully and wisely.
语篇解读：很多人在日常生活中已离不开社交媒体，社交媒体在一定程度上已变成一个展示自我的平台。
1．According to the author, what's the original purpose of social media?
A．To post selfies.
B．To make new friends.
C．To share personal life.
D．To exchange information.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“which started out just as a way to communicate with one another”可知，社交媒体出现的最初目的是方便人们交流信息。
2．According to research of the University of Georgia, ________.
A．social media has become a stage to show oneself
B．most social media users have become addicted to it
C．what appears on social media is not always trustworthy
D．it's necessary for us to check our messages from time to time
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“People crazily post their pictures and update their personal status online to make ... much?needed attention.”可知，调查发现，社交媒体已成为人们自我展示的平台。
3．What can we know from the last but one paragraph?
A．Nowadays most people use social media too much.
B．We should get rid of social media from our daily life.
C．Whether one has social media addiction can be measured.
D．Scientists have given the suggested time spent on social media.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, another study ... among other things as signs of addiction.”可推断，研究人员已有判断对社交媒体的使用是否上瘾的标准。
4．From the passage, we can know that the author thinks social media ________.
A．can be a useful tool in our life
B．shouldn't be used by teenagers
C．can give us more friends
D．has brought much harm to society
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为如何使用社交媒体是关键，使用得当，可以给我们带来很多益处。
Ⅱ.语法填空
At each stage of our life, we meet different kinds of people. Some are funny; some teach us lessons in life while others occupy a special space in our heart. The people __1__ (call) “best friends” are just these special friends.
In our childhood, “best friends” might have meant the persons who are always by our side, __2__ it may be in the classroom or in the dining hall. However, as we are getting __3__(old) than before, our definition (定义) of “best friends” changes. In my opinion, best friends are those who love you __4__ who you are and help you become who you should be. People in our life come and go, but some people stay. They are the people we should never lose.
True friends are those who will never abandon you when you need them most. They are always there __5__ (wait) for you and they love you when you forget to love __6__ (you). The best feeling in the whole world is knowing that there is __7__ person who always prays for us and always keeps us in their thoughts. Friendship may not __8__ (necessary) be based on age, but it is based on __9__ (understand). Even our parents can be our best friends! So let us build our friendship and try our best __10__ (see) the good side of everyone!
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.called　2.whether　3.older　4.for　5.waiting　6.yourself　7.a　8.necessarily　9.understanding
10．to see







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Section Ⅴ Writing— 介绍型说明文

本单元的写作要求是根据提供的信息写一篇介绍型说明文——介绍一种语言。
一、基本结构
说明文一般由三个部分组成：
第一部分：阐明文章的主题，即文章想要说明的主要内容。该部分可以用一个句子完成，也可以用一个篇幅不长的段落完成。
第二部分：对文章的主题进行展开说明。该部分可由若干的段落组成。常见的说明方法有：
1．罗列法。常用firstly, secondly ...and finally对所要说明的内容加以罗列。
2．比较法。即对两个事物的相同点或不同点进行比较。
3．例证法。即用具体例子进行说明。常用for example等短语引出具体的例子。
4．顺序法。顺序法包括时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序、认知顺序等。
一篇说明文可能只需要使用一种说明方法，有时也需要几种说明方法共用。
第三部分：文章的结尾。说明文的结尾段应该对全文所说明的内容加以总结，并与该文的第一部分内容形成呼应。
二、增分佳句
1．Rome was not built in a day ...
冰冻三尺非一日之寒……
2．Another case in point is that of ..., (who attributed ...to ...，) as ( he ) put it this way ...
另一个例子是……，(归结于……，)正如他所说的……
3．In a word ...
总之……
4．In conclusion, it is essential that ...
总之，……是有必要的。
5．According to a latest study, it can be predicted ...
根据最近的研究，可以预测……
6．There is no sufficient evidence to show that ...
没有充足的证据来说明……
7．All available evidence points to the fact that ...
所有现存的证据指向这一事实……
8．An example given leads me to conclude that ...
一个给出的例子使我推断出……
9．It reveals the unquestionable fact that ...
它暴露了一个无可辩驳的事实……
10．All the facts suggest that ...
所有的事实表明……

[题目要求]
请根据以下要点提示，为英语报社写一篇介绍汉语的英语短文。
汉语简介 汉语标准语又被称作普通话，是世界上最为古老的语言之一，很多国家和地区的人们都讲汉语
汉语的国际地位和发展 汉语是联合国的工作语言之一，世界上越来越多的人在学习汉语，很多著名的大学开设了汉语学科，汉语在国际交流方面起着越来越重要的作用
呼吁大家积极学习汉语

注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：汉语标准语standard Chinese
普通话Putonghua/Mandarin
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文是一篇说明文；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称，尾段应为第一人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时和一般将来时。
二、构思
第一段：阐述文章的主题，即简要介绍汉语。
第二、三段：对文章的主题进行展开说明。利用顺序法介绍汉语的国际地位及发展。
第四段：本段为文章的结尾，号召人们积极学习汉语，点明主题。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．ancient　　　　　　　　　　古老的
2．more_and_more 越来越多
3．at_present 目前，当今
4．working_language 工作语言
5．the_United_Nations 联合国
6．play_a_more_important_part_in在……方面起更重要的作用
7．international_communications 国际交流
8．offer_Chinese_courses 开设汉语课程
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．汉语是世界上最古老的语言之一。(主系表结构)
Chinese_is_one_of_the_most_ancient_languages_in_the_world.
2．英语在全世界被使用，但是目前越来越多的人讲汉语。(被动语态；用but连接并列句)
English_is_used_all_around_the_world,_but_more_and_more_people_speak_Chinese_at_present.
3．在许多国家和地区，你会听到有人在说汉语。(宾语从句；被动语态)
You_will_hear_that_Chinese_is_spoken_in_many_countries_and_areas.
4．汉语也是联合国的工作语言之一。(主系表结构)
Chinese_is_also_one_of_the_working_languages_of_the_United_Nations.
5．中国正变得更强大，因此汉语在国际交流中肯定将会起更重要的作用。(用so连接并列句；比较级)
China_is_becoming_stronger,_so_Chinese_will_certainly_play_a_more_important_part_in_international_communications.
6．世界上越来越多的人开始学习汉语，许多著名的大学开设了汉语课程。(用and连接并列句；现在进行时；现在完成时)
More_and_more_people_in_the_world_are_beginning_to_learn_Chinese_and_many_famous_universities_have_offered_Chinese_courses.
7．我确信对于来自其他国家的人学习汉语是一个好主意。(宾语从句；it作形式主语)
I'm_sure_that_it_is_a_good_idea_for_people_from_other_countries_to_learn_Chinese.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用although改写句2
Although_English_is_used_all_around_the_world,_more_and_more_people_speak_Chinese_at_present.
2．用过去分词作宾语补足语改写句3
You_will_hear_Chinese_spoken_in_many_countries_and_areas.
3．用now that改写句5
Now_that_China_is_becoming_stronger,_Chinese_will_certainly_play_a_more_important_part_in_international_communications.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
The_language_of_Chinese
Standard_Chinese_is_also_called_Putonghua_(or_Mandarin),_which_is_one_of_the_most_ancient_languages_in_the_world._Although_English_is_used_all_around_the_world,_more_and_more_people_speak_Chinese_at_present._You_will_hear_Chinese_spoken_in_many_countries_and_areas.
Chinese_is_also_one_of_the_working_languages_of_the_United_Nations.
Now_that_China_is_becoming_stronger,_Chinese_will_certainly_play_a_more_important_part_in_international_communications._More_and_more_people_in_the_world_are_beginning_to_learn_Chinese_and_many_famous_universities_have_offered_Chinese_courses.
I'm_sure_that_it_is_a_good_idea_for_people_from_other_countries_to_learn_Chinese.








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单元加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Mrs. Thompson, a primary school teacher, noticed that Teddy didn't play with the other children, that his clothes were dirty, and that Teddy could be __1__.
However, when she __2__ his past records she was in surprise. Teddy's first?grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is a bright child. He does his work neatly and has good __3__ ...He is a joy to be around.”
His second?grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is an excellent student, well liked by his classmates. But he is __4__ because his mother is seriously ill.”
His third?grade teacher wrote, “His mother's __5__ is a great shock to him. He tries to do his best but his__6__ doesn't care for him ...”．
Teddy's fourth?grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is __7__ and doesn't show much interest in school. He doesn't have many friends and sometimes __8__ in class.”
By then, Mrs.Thompson __9__ the problem. Then she quit teaching reading and writing. __10__， she began to teach children how to be a man. She paid __11__ attention to Teddy. As she worked with him, his mind seemed to come alive. The __12__ she encouraged him, the faster he responded. Gradually Teddy became one of the smartest children in the class.
Several years later a __13__ from Teddy came, __14__ that he got his bachelor's degree and that she was still the best and __15__ teacher he ever had.
That spring at Teddy's wedding ceremony, they hugged each other, and Teddy __16__ in Mrs.Thompson's ear, “Thank you for __17__ me. Thank you so much for making me feel __18__ and showing me that I could make a difference.”
With tears in her eyes, Mrs.Thompson said, “Teddy, you were the one who __19__ me that I could make a difference. I didn't know how to teach __20__ I met you.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Teddy是一个不讨人喜欢的五年级学生。Thompson夫人通过档案知道Teddy原来并非如此，从此她改变自己的教学方式，对Teddy悉心教导，终于让他从各方面取得了进步，最终成才。多年后，在Teddy的婚礼上，师生彼此表达了对方对自己的重要性。
1．A.unfortunate　　　　　　 B．unpleasant
C．unfriendly D．hopeless
解析：选B　根据前文Teddy不和其他孩子一起玩，衣服是脏的可知，Teddy不讨人喜欢。unfortunate“不幸的”；unpleasant“使人不快的”；unfriendly“不友好的”；hopeless“没有希望的”。故B项正确。
2．A.presented B．copied
C．sent D．read
解析：选D　根据下文一年级老师对Teddy的评价可知，Thompson夫人在看他过去的档案。故D项符合语境。
3．A.manners B．examples
C．opinions D．methods
解析：选A　根据下文的“He is a joy to be around.”可知与他在一起很开心，因此可推知他待人有礼貌。good manners“有礼貌”。故A项正确。
4．A.troubled B．moved
C．pleased D．welcomed
解析：选A　根据“But”可知上下文构成转折关系，他的同班同学们都很喜欢他，不过母亲的病重让他感到不安。troubled“不安的，烦恼的”，符合语境。故A项正确。
5．A.action B．control
C．attention D．death
解析：选D　由语境可知，母亲的去世对他是个很大的打击。action“行动”；control“控制”；attention“注意”；death“死亡”。故D项正确。
6．A.sister B．father
C．teacher D．brother
解析：选B　根据生活常识可知，尽管他努力向上，但他的父亲并不关心他。故B项正确。
7．A.active B．distant
C．lonely D．strange
解析：选C　联系上文可知，Teddy没有了母亲，而且缺少父爱，因此他是孤独的。active“积极的”；distant“冷淡的”；lonely“孤独的”；strange“奇怪的”。
8．A.lies B．laughs
C．chats D．sleeps
解析：选D　由语境并结合选项可知，Teddy没有多少朋友，并且他有时在课堂上睡觉。故D项正确。
9．A.realized B．found
C．thought D．proved
解析：选A　联系语境可知，Thompson夫人意识到了问题所在。realize“认识到，理解”；find“发现”；think“认为”；prove“证明”。故A项正确。
10．A.Otherwise B．Anyhow
C．Instead D．Yet
解析：选C　由语境可知，她不再教阅读和写作，而是开始教孩子们如何做人。otherwise“否则”；anyhow“无论如何”；instead“反而”；yet“但是”。故C项正确。
11．A.frequent B．unknown
C．little D．particular
解析：选D　联系上下文可知，Thompson夫人对Teddy特别关注。故D项正确。
12．A.least B．more
C．most D．less
解析：选B　根据下文可知，她越鼓励他，他的反应就越快。故B项正确。
13．A.work B．report
C．letter D．gift
解析：选C　根据下文内容可知，几年后Teddy给Thompson夫人寄来了一封信。故C项正确。
14．A.declaring B．expressing
C．describing D．explaining
解析：选D　Teddy在信中说他获得了学士学位。declare“宣布”；express“表达”；describe“描述”；explain“说明”。故D项正确。
15．A.favorite B．worst
C．cleverest D．first
解析：选A　联系上文Thompson夫人对Teddy的态度可知，他认为她是最好的、他最喜欢的老师。故A项正确。
16．A.warned B．repeated
C．shouted D．whispered
解析：选D　根据空后的ear可知Teddy低声在老师耳边说。warn“警告”；repeat“重复”；shout“叫喊”；whisper“小声说，低声说”。故D项正确。
17．A.enriching B．hearing
C．trusting D．leaving
解析：选C　enrich“使丰富”；hear“听”；trust“信任”；leave“离开”。根据语境可知C项正确。
18．A.important B．ambitious
C．perfect D．free
解析：选A　联系上文可知，Thompson夫人让Teddy觉得自己重要。important“重要的”；ambitious“有雄心的”；perfect“完美的”；free“自由的”。故A项正确。
19．A.ordered B．taught
C．impressed D．guided
解析：选B　此处指Thompson夫人认为是Teddy教会她认识到自己可以有所作为。order“命令”；teach“教”；impress“给……留下深刻的印象”；guide“引导”。故B项正确。
20．A.unless B．after
C．when D．until
解析：选D　由语境可知，在遇到Teddy以后，Thompson夫人才知道了怎样去教书。not ...until ...“直到……才……”。故D项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
As a kid, I wanted to be a naturalist. When I got to college, I chose what I thought was a more practical path, studying physics along with public policy. That combination led me to atmospheric sciences. Now I'm studying low clouds.
But I didn't really notice low clouds until I started my study at the University of Washington, in Seattle. That city had a lot of low clouds. I suddenly realized how important their reflection of heat back into space was for Earth's climate. I continued studying low clouds at the University of Colorado in Boulder. There I earned my PhD.
Seattle's skies may be home to plenty of low clouds, but there are even better places to spot these little clouds. The greatest gatherings tend to occur off the coasts of places like Namibia, in Africa, and northern Chile. These places are home to some of Earth's driest deserts. And I like visiting such places.
The more I learned about these little clouds, the more fascinating I found them. I'm really interested in the various ways these low clouds respond to their environment. Because there are so many low clouds and they help keep Earth cool by reflecting heat, anything that affects them can also affect overall climate. It feeds back to the whole energy balance of the planet.
Lately I've been exploring how smoke that drifts (漂浮) over clouds might change the way that these clouds absorb or reflect sunlight. Such smoke — from burning trees and grasses — can drift thousands of kilometers. If that smoke affects clouds, it might also affect climate. Last year, I spent a month on distant Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean setting up instruments to track the interaction (相互作用) between low clouds there and smoke from southern Africa.
I appreciate the diversity in my work. Besides the occasional trip to distant islands, I also teach and work with other scientists to better understand Earth's climate system. Along the way, I'm helping bring one type of low clouds to the attention it deserves.
语篇解读：作者是一位研究低云的科学家，她正在研究低云对气候的影响。
A．She learnt three majors at the same time in college.
B．She wanted to study low clouds when she was a kid.
C．She knew the importance of low clouds when in university.
D．She was always worried about climate change in the world.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“But I didn't really notice low clouds until ... I suddenly realized how important their reflection of heat back into space was for Earth's climate.”可知，作者在大学时知道了低云对气候变化的重要性。
2．Why does the author like visiting places like Namibia and northern Chile?
A．Because she enjoys views of deserts.
B．Because she loves visiting beautiful coasts.
C．Because she has got tired of Seattle's skies.
D．Because they're great places for observing low clouds.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段的“The greatest gatherings tend to occur off the coasts of places like Namibia, in Africa, and northern Chile.”可推断，作者喜欢去这些地方是因为这些地方很适合观察低云。
3．What was the author's purpose in spending a month on Ascension Island?
A．To study smoke's effect on low clouds.
B．To find the real causes of climate change.
C．To set up instruments for other scientists.
D．To study the influence of low clouds on climate.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段的“Last year, I spent a month on ... between low clouds there and smoke from southern Africa.”可知，作者在Ascension Island待了一个月是为了研究烟对低云的影响。
4．What does the underlined word “diversity” in the last paragraph mean?
A．The fact of being very special.
B．The fact of working by oneself.
C．The fact of being respected by others.
D．The fact of including some different things.
解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据最后一段的“Besides the occasional trip to distant islands, I also teach and work with other scientists to better understand Earth's climate system.”可知，作者的工作包括多方面的内容，因此可推测，画线词意为“多样性”。
单元加餐练(二)　主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Xi'an No.1 Middle School, which was established in 1947 and __1__ (current) located at No.3 Iron Tower Temple Road Xi'an Shaanxi PRC, is a public government high school directly administrated by the Xi'an Municipal Bureau of Education.
Xi'an No.1 Middle School is a top?level provincial standardized high school with fully __2__ (equip) teaching facilities and elegant living environment.
There are 31 classes, over 1,400 students in our school. The rate of students entering key __3__ (university) is 98.3%. Since the school __4__(build), more than 20,000 qualified country builders have been cultivated (培养), among __5__ are pillars of society and backbone of the country.
Xi'an No.1 Middle School has high?quality __6__(profession) teaching faculty and staff. All 143 teachers have noble virtues, exquisite (精湛的) teaching skills and great scientific research abilities. Many teachers are outstanding ones with __7__ high reputation in our province.
Xi'an No. 1 Middle School attaches great importance __8__ cultivating students' development of core literacy (核心素养), in addition to the national curriculum, a rich school?based curriculum is included as well. More than 30 students' societies are opened in the purpose of __9__ (lay) a solid foundation for students' lifelong development. At the end of 2017, our school happily celebrated the __10__ (seventy) anniversary.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.currently　2.equipped　3.universities　4.was built　5.whom　6.professional　7.a　8.to　9.laying　10.seventieth
Ⅱ.短文改错
When I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station, I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.
Before long, a train inspector comes to check our tickets. A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.
No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket?owner before. Yet, they offered the strangers their help so quickly. If we could show concern to others in need, the world would be a better place to live on.
答案：第一句：去掉had; noise→noisy
第二句：comes→came
第三句：but→and
第四句：searching后加for; his→its/the
第五句：a→the
第六句：previous→previously
第七句：strangers→stranger
第八句：on→in
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，刚才你在笔友微信群里看到Ted发的如下信息：
I can speak fluent Chinese after learning Chinese for five years. I thought I could travel around China without a translator. Now I'm in Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province, but here I can't follow what the native people speak. Why?
请你给他回信息，内容须包括：
1．肯定他的汉语水平；
2．汉语的种类(数百种)：
(1)官方：普通话(中国和联合国六大官方语言之一)；
(2)地方话(方言)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：dialect方言
Hello, Ted，
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Wish you a good stay in Yunnan!
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Hello, Ted，
There's no doubt that your Chinese is excellent. Sometimes we Chinese can't follow some natives, let alone you. The following are the reasons.
As a country with fifty?six peoples, there are several kinds of dialects. Actually, it's estimated that there are hundreds of varieties of Chinese. However, standard Chinese, Putonghua, as you have learned, is the official language of China. Moreover, it is one of the six official languages of the United Nations.
Different regions in China have different dialects. Even people in the same region speak different dialects, so it is not surprising that one who can speak Putonghua well can not understand the locals.
Wish you a good stay in Yunnan!

Yours，
Li Hua






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Module 1 British and American English
单元小结
The linguists, who study linguistics, say American English has a lot in common with British English. That is, the former is similar to the latter. But in fact they differ in many ways. First, they have differences in vocabulary. For example, people get around in London by underground, while in New York by subway. Besides, the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. Second, the differences between them exist in grammar and prepositions. Americans use in the team, while the British use on the team. Third, there are also differences between the two varieties in spelling and pronunciation. Compared with British English's spelling, American English's spelling seems simpler. The work of Noah made a difference, leading to this variation. Noah simplified some words' spelling and made them have a distinctive American look. He wrote a dictionary, introducing lots of new American words, pronunciation, use and new spelling. Although British criticised it and weren't in favour of these changes, it rapidly became popular among Americans thanks to Noah's attempt. The dictionary became a standard reference book in the USA.
　　语言学家，即研究语言学的人说美式英语和英式英语有很多共同特点。也就是说，前者与后者很相似。但事实上它们在许多方面不同。首先，两者在词汇方面不同。比如，人们乘地铁(underground)在伦敦四处走动，而在纽约人们乘地铁(subway)走动。而且，同一个单词在意思上也有稍微不同，这可能令人感到困惑。第二，两者之间的不同还存在于语法和介词中。美国人用in the team，而英国人用on the team。第三，这两个不同种类在拼写和读音上也有所不同。与英式英语拼写相比，美式英语的拼写似乎更简单。诺亚的工作产生了很大影响，导致了这种变化。诺亚简化了一些单词的拼写，使它们有明显的美国面貌。他写了一本词典，引进了很多新的美国单词、读音、用法以及新的拼写。尽管英国人批评这本字典，不支持这些变化，但多亏了诺亚的努力，它很快在美国人中流行起来。这本词典已成了美国的一本标准的参考书。
加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Mrs. Thompson, a primary school teacher, noticed that Teddy didn't play with the other children, that his clothes were dirty, and that Teddy could be __1__.
However, when she __2__ his past records she was in surprise. Teddy's first?grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is a bright child. He does his work neatly and has good __3__ ...He is a joy to be around.”
His second?grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is an excellent student, well liked by his classmates. But he is __4__ because his mother is seriously ill.”
His third?grade teacher wrote, “His mother's __5__ is a great shock to him. He tries to do his best but his__6__ doesn't care for him ...”．
Teddy's fourth?grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is __7__ and doesn't show much interest in school. He doesn't have many friends and sometimes __8__ in class.”
By then, Mrs.Thompson __9__ the problem. Then she quit teaching reading and writing. __10__， she began to teach children how to be a man. She paid __11__ attention to Teddy. As she worked with him, his mind seemed to come alive. The __12__ she encouraged him, the faster he responded. Gradually Teddy became one of the smartest children in the class.
Several years later a __13__ from Teddy came, __14__ that he got his bachelor's degree and that she was still the best and __15__ teacher he ever had.
That spring at Teddy's wedding ceremony, they hugged each other, and Teddy __16__ in Mrs.Thompson's ear, “Thank you for __17__ me. Thank you so much for making me feel __18__ and showing me that I could make a difference.”
With tears in her eyes, Mrs.Thompson said, “Teddy, you were the one who __19__ me that I could make a difference. I didn't know how to teach __20__ I met you.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Teddy是一个不讨人喜欢的五年级学生。Thompson夫人通过档案知道Teddy原来并非如此，从此她改变自己的教学方式，对Teddy悉心教导，终于让他从各方面取得了进步，最终成才。多年后，在Teddy的婚礼上，师生彼此表达了对方对自己的重要性。
1．A.unfortunate　　　　　　 B．unpleasant
C．unfriendly D．hopeless
解析：选B　根据前文Teddy不和其他孩子一起玩，衣服是脏的可知，Teddy不讨人喜欢。unfortunate“不幸的”；unpleasant“使人不快的”；unfriendly“不友好的”；hopeless“没有希望的”。故B项正确。
2．A.presented B．copied
C．sent D．read
解析：选D　根据下文一年级老师对Teddy的评价可知，Thompson夫人在看他过去的档案。故D项符合语境。
3．A.manners B．examples
C．opinions D．methods
解析：选A　根据下文的“He is a joy to be around.”可知与他在一起很开心，因此可推知他待人有礼貌。good manners“有礼貌”。故A项正确。
4．A.troubled B．moved
C．pleased D．welcomed
解析：选A　根据“But”可知上下文构成转折关系，他的同班同学们都很喜欢他，不过母亲的病重让他感到不安。troubled“不安的，烦恼的”，符合语境。故A项正确。
5．A.action B．control
C．attention D．death
解析：选D　由语境可知，母亲的去世对他是个很大的打击。action“行动”；control“控制”；attention“注意”；death“死亡”。故D项正确。
6．A.sister B．father
C．teacher D．brother
解析：选B　根据生活常识可知，尽管他努力向上，但他的父亲并不关心他。故B项正确。
7．A.active B．distant
C．lonely D．strange
解析：选C　联系上文可知，Teddy没有了母亲，而且缺少父爱，因此他是孤独的。active“积极的”；distant“冷淡的”；lonely“孤独的”；strange“奇怪的”。
8．A.lies B．laughs
C．chats D．sleeps
解析：选D　由语境并结合选项可知，Teddy没有多少朋友，并且他有时在课堂上睡觉。故D项正确。
9．A.realized B．found
C．thought D．proved
解析：选A　联系语境可知，Thompson夫人意识到了问题所在。realize“认识到，理解”；find“发现”；think“认为”；prove“证明”。故A项正确。
10．A.Otherwise B．Anyhow
C．Instead D．Yet
解析：选C　由语境可知，她不再教阅读和写作，而是开始教孩子们如何做人。otherwise“否则”；anyhow“无论如何”；instead“反而”；yet“但是”。故C项正确。
11．A.frequent B．unknown
C．little D．particular
解析：选D　联系上下文可知，Thompson夫人对Teddy特别关注。故D项正确。
12．A.least B．more
C．most D．less
解析：选B　根据下文可知，她越鼓励他，他的反应就越快。故B项正确。
13．A.work B．report
C．letter D．gift
解析：选C　根据下文内容可知，几年后Teddy给Thompson夫人寄来了一封信。故C项正确。
14．A.declaring B．expressing
C．describing D．explaining
解析：选D　Teddy在信中说他获得了学士学位。declare“宣布”；express“表达”；describe“描述”；explain“说明”。故D项正确。
15．A.favorite B．worst
C．cleverest D．first
解析：选A　联系上文Thompson夫人对Teddy的态度可知，他认为她是最好的、他最喜欢的老师。故A项正确。
16．A.warned B．repeated
C．shouted D．whispered
解析：选D　根据空后的ear可知Teddy低声在老师耳边说。warn“警告”；repeat“重复”；shout“叫喊”；whisper“小声说，低声说”。故D项正确。
17．A.enriching B．hearing
C．trusting D．leaving
解析：选C　enrich“使丰富”；hear“听”；trust“信任”；leave“离开”。根据语境可知C项正确。
18．A.important B．ambitious
C．perfect D．free
解析：选A　联系上文可知，Thompson夫人让Teddy觉得自己重要。important“重要的”；ambitious“有雄心的”；perfect“完美的”；free“自由的”。故A项正确。
19．A.ordered B．taught
C．impressed D．guided
解析：选B　此处指Thompson夫人认为是Teddy教会她认识到自己可以有所作为。order“命令”；teach“教”；impress“给……留下深刻的印象”；guide“引导”。故B项正确。
20．A.unless B．after
C．when D．until
解析：选D　由语境可知，在遇到Teddy以后，Thompson夫人才知道了怎样去教书。not ...until ...“直到……才……”。故D项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
As a kid, I wanted to be a naturalist. When I got to college, I chose what I thought was a more practical path, studying physics along with public policy. That combination led me to atmospheric sciences. Now I'm studying low clouds.
But I didn't really notice low clouds until I started my study at the University of Washington, in Seattle. That city had a lot of low clouds. I suddenly realized how important their reflection of heat back into space was for Earth's climate. I continued studying low clouds at the University of Colorado in Boulder. There I earned my PhD.
Seattle's skies may be home to plenty of low clouds, but there are even better places to spot these little clouds. The greatest gatherings tend to occur off the coasts of places like Namibia, in Africa, and northern Chile. These places are home to some of Earth's driest deserts. And I like visiting such places.
The more I learned about these little clouds, the more fascinating I found them. I'm really interested in the various ways these low clouds respond to their environment. Because there are so many low clouds and they help keep Earth cool by reflecting heat, anything that affects them can also affect overall climate. It feeds back to the whole energy balance of the planet.
Lately I've been exploring how smoke that drifts (漂浮) over clouds might change the way that these clouds absorb or reflect sunlight. Such smoke — from burning trees and grasses — can drift thousands of kilometers. If that smoke affects clouds, it might also affect climate. Last year, I spent a month on distant Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean setting up instruments to track the interaction (相互作用) between low clouds there and smoke from southern Africa.
I appreciate the diversity in my work. Besides the occasional trip to distant islands, I also teach and work with other scientists to better understand Earth's climate system. Along the way, I'm helping bring one type of low clouds to the attention it deserves.
语篇解读：作者是一位研究低云的科学家，她正在研究低云对气候的影响。
A．She learnt three majors at the same time in college.
B．She wanted to study low clouds when she was a kid.
C．She knew the importance of low clouds when in university.
D．She was always worried about climate change in the world.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“But I didn't really notice low clouds until ... I suddenly realized how important their reflection of heat back into space was for Earth's climate.”可知，作者在大学时知道了低云对气候变化的重要性。
2．Why does the author like visiting places like Namibia and northern Chile?
A．Because she enjoys views of deserts.
B．Because she loves visiting beautiful coasts.
C．Because she has got tired of Seattle's skies.
D．Because they're great places for observing low clouds.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段的“The greatest gatherings tend to occur off the coasts of places like Namibia, in Africa, and northern Chile.”可推断，作者喜欢去这些地方是因为这些地方很适合观察低云。
3．What was the author's purpose in spending a month on Ascension Island?
A．To study smoke's effect on low clouds.
B．To find the real causes of climate change.
C．To set up instruments for other scientists.
D．To study the influence of low clouds on climate.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段的“Last year, I spent a month on ... between low clouds there and smoke from southern Africa.”可知，作者在Ascension Island待了一个月是为了研究烟对低云的影响。
4．What does the underlined word “diversity” in the last paragraph mean?
A．The fact of being very special.
B．The fact of working by oneself.
C．The fact of being respected by others.
D．The fact of including some different things.
解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据最后一段的“Besides the occasional trip to distant islands, I also teach and work with other scientists to better understand Earth's climate system.”可知，作者的工作包括多方面的内容，因此可推测，画线词意为“多样性”。
加餐练(二)　主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Xi'an No.1 Middle School, which was established in 1947 and __1__ (current) located at No.3 Iron Tower Temple Road Xi'an Shaanxi PRC, is a public government high school directly administrated by the Xi'an Municipal Bureau of Education.
Xi'an No.1 Middle School is a top?level provincial standardized high school with fully __2__ (equip) teaching facilities and elegant living environment.
There are 31 classes, over 1,400 students in our school. The rate of students entering key __3__ (university) is 98.3%. Since the school __4__(build), more than 20,000 qualified country builders have been cultivated (培养), among __5__ are pillars of society and backbone of the country.
Xi'an No.1 Middle School has high?quality __6__(profession) teaching faculty and staff. All 143 teachers have noble virtues, exquisite (精湛的) teaching skills and great scientific research abilities. Many teachers are outstanding ones with __7__ high reputation in our province.
Xi'an No. 1 Middle School attaches great importance __8__ cultivating students' development of core literacy (核心素养), in addition to the national curriculum, a rich school?based curriculum is included as well. More than 30 students' societies are opened in the purpose of __9__ (lay) a solid foundation for students' lifelong development. At the end of 2017, our school happily celebrated the __10__ (seventy) anniversary.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.currently　2.equipped　3.universities　4.was built　5.whom　6.professional　7.a　8.to　9.laying　10.seventieth
Ⅱ.短文改错
When I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station, I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.
Before long, a train inspector comes to check our tickets. A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.
No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket?owner before. Yet, they offered the strangers their help so quickly. If we could show concern to others in need, the world would be a better place to live on.
答案：第一句：去掉had; noise→noisy
第二句：comes→came
第三句：but→and
第四句：searching后加for; his→its/the
第五句：a→the
第六句：previous→previously
第七句：strangers→stranger
第八句：on→in
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，刚才你在笔友微信群里看到Ted发的如下信息：
I can speak fluent Chinese after learning Chinese for five years. I thought I could travel around China without a translator. Now I'm in Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province, but here I can't follow what the native people speak. Why?
请你给他回信息，内容须包括：
1．肯定他的汉语水平；
2．汉语的种类(数百种)：
(1)官方：普通话(中国和联合国六大官方语言之一)；
(2)地方话(方言)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：dialect方言
Hello, Ted，
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Wish you a good stay in Yunnan!
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Hello, Ted，
There's no doubt that your Chinese is excellent. Sometimes we Chinese can't follow some natives, let alone you. The following are the reasons.
As a country with fifty?six peoples, there are several kinds of dialects. Actually, it's estimated that there are hundreds of varieties of Chinese. However, standard Chinese, Putonghua, as you have learned, is the official language of China. Moreover, it is one of the six official languages of the United Nations.
Different regions in China have different dialects. Even people in the same region speak different dialects, so it is not surprising that one who can speak Putonghua well can not understand the locals.
Wish you a good stay in Yunnan!
Yours，
Li Hua







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课时跟踪练（二）Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We had to queue (排队) for an hour for the tickets.
2．The satellite (卫星) will be sent into space.
3．These two regions differ (不同) greatly in climate.
4．I compared (比较) the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.
5．The customers made a number of rude remarks (评论) about the goods on sale.
6．To his sadness, his health is getting steadily (持续地) worse.
7．There are a variety (不同种类) of animals in the zoo, and children like to come here.
8．Judging from your accent (口音), you come from Beijing.
9．Obviously (显而易见地), he is good at English.
10．“I have decided to become a linguist (语言学家)，” he wrote.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It is unclear that the meeting will go ahead as planned.that→whether
2．He thought he had no difficulty understand Americans.understand→understanding
3．The sea air has made the difference to his health.the→a
4．Wherever he is, he made a rule to take part in physical labour.made后加it
5．From his confusing look on his face, we knew that he didn't understand much of the lecture.confusing→confused
6．They had a lot in common with in grammar.去掉with
7．In his opinion, people's accents differ from with each other.去掉with
8．The discovery of new evidence leads to the thief be caught.be→being
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Although they are good friends, they_have_little_in_common.
尽管他们是好朋友，但他们几乎没有共同之处。
2．The boy leading the way, we_had_no_difficulty_finding_his_home.
这个男孩领着路，我们毫不费事地找到了他的家。
3．Many people believe that they don't have the ability to make_a_difference in the world.
许多人认为他们没有能力使这个世界有所不同。
4．The country is very quiet compared_with_the_town.
与市镇相比，农村显得非常安静。
5．The difference between us often leads_to quarrels.
我们之间的不同经常导致争吵。
6．Tom often smiles and is pleasant to deal with while_his_wife_is_serious and hard to get along with.
汤姆总是微笑，很好相处，然而他的妻子很严肃且难以相处。
7．Springs are very short where_she_lives.
在她住的地方春天很短暂。
8．They think it_necessary_to_avoid_making_mistakes.
他们认为避免犯错误是必要的。(用it作形式宾语)
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
There're four ways 1.that British and American English differ from each other. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. In grammar there're a few 2.differences (differ). The British say “Have you got ...？” 3.while Americans prefer “Do you have ...？” The British use prepositions 4.where Americans sometimes omit them. The other two areas 5.in which the two varieties are different are spelling and 6.pronunciation (pronounce). However, with communications 7.developing (develop) steadily for over a century, some experts believe that the two 8.are_moving (move) closer together due to satellite TV and the Internet. On 9.the other hand, English is spoken with different accents; in the future, there are going to be many other “Englishes”. In spite of this, users of English will have no difficulty 10.understanding (understand) each other.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
汤姆和杰克是兄弟，但是他们之间毫无共同之处(have nothing in common)。汤姆喜欢四处走动(get around)，然而(while)杰克喜欢待在室内。这对他们的生活影响(make a difference)很大。与杰克相比(compared with)，汤姆比较活泼，因此他交了很多朋友，但是杰克难以与其他人相处(have difficulty doing ...)。这使他们的父母很困惑(confusing)，于是他们决定帮助他克服(get over)这个问题。
Tom_and_Jack_are_brothers,_but_they_have_nothing_in_common._Tom_likes_getting_around,_while_Jack_likes_staying_indoors._It_makes_a_great_difference_to_their_life._Compared_with_Jack,_Tom_is_more_active,_so_he_has_made_many_friends._But_Jack_has_some_difficulty_getting_along_with_others._It_is_confusing_for_their_parents_so_they_decide_to_help_him_to_get_over_the_problem.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
For the next seven months, I will be working as an English language assistant in Perpignan, a city in southern France. It is located very close to the Spanish border, __1__ I can travel to Spain easily.
I love the fact that it appears as if there are two cultures __2__ into one in this small but diverse (多样的) city. I think the city is a __3__ place for a linguist like me, who is __4__ in studying both French and Spanish. Here, I can travel between France and Spain in less than two hours. This gives me the __5__ to explore Spain at the weekends after spending my __6__ in France. What a perfect __7__！
In fact, Salvador Dali, a very famous Spanish artist, said that the __8__ station in Perpignan is “the center of the earth”. Having now been there, I totally __9__ with Dali, as it is extremely easy to __10__ the best of both cultures once you board the train. It is very __11__ for one to travel from Perpignan to Barcelona, a large city in northeast Spain, and vice versa (反之亦然). You can take a day trip or a weekend holiday, which is __12__ yourself.
In fact, I have only been here for two and a half weeks so far. In the __13__， I found it quite difficult for me to __14__. I missed all my family and friends __15__. However, day by day, I am __16__ falling in love with this city. I even consider Perpignan a hidden gem (宝石), which is waiting for more people to __17__. I am looking forward to spending more time __18__ around France and Spain. Of course, I am involving myself in both cultures. I hope that with time going by, __19__ learning more about the two cultures, I will be able to __20__ my French and Spanish in both listening and speaking.
语篇解读：作者来到佩皮尼昂工作，这是一个法国南部的城市，临近西班牙。作者希望在这里能体验两国文化，提高自己的语言水平。
1．A.or　　　　　　　　　 B．but
C．if D．so
解析：选D　根据上文的“It is located very close to the Spanish border”，可知，此处为因果关系。
2．A.collected B．put
C．combined D．divided
解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者在此处表示两种文化被合二为一于这个小却多样化的城市里。
3．A.safe B．wonderful
C．beautiful D．quiet
解析：选B　因为法国佩皮尼昂市融合了法国和西班牙两国的文化，故对于一位像作者一样的语言学者而言是极好的一个地方。
4．A.interested B．disappointed
C．lucky D．honest
解析：选A　根据语境可知，作者对于学习法语和西班牙语很感兴趣。
5．A.space B．message
C．result D．opportunity
解析：选D　佩皮尼昂市的地理位置给了作者机会在法国和西班牙两国之间旅行。
6．A.weekdays B．holidays
C．months D．ages
解析：选A　根据上文“explore Spain at the weekends”以及作者在法国工作的事实可知，作者的工作日在法国度过。
7．A.business B．chance
C．balance D．exercise
解析：选C　根据上文的内容可知这是一个完美的平衡。
8．A.ship B．plane
C．bus D．railway
解析：选D　根据下文的“once you board the train”可知，此处应指火车站。
9．A.connect B．agree
C．compare D．argue
解析：选B　根据语境可知，我非常同意萨尔瓦多·达利的说法。
10．A.imagine B．demand
C．experience D．share
解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者在法国和西班牙两国之间旅行，可以体验两种文化。
11．A.convenient B．boring
C．satisfying D．important
解析：选A　乘坐火车，在法国的佩皮尼昂和西班牙的巴塞罗那两个城市之间往来非常方便。
12．A.looking after B．depending on
C．showing up D．learning from
解析：选B　根据上文的“You can take a day trip or a weekend holiday”，可知，是进行一天的旅行还是一个周末的旅行，取决于你自己。
13．A.past B．future
C．beginning D．end
解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者刚到这个地方的时候，还不太适应。
14．A.settle in B．set off
C．give up D．calm down
解析：选A　初到一个地方，比较难以适应(settle in)。
15．A.completely B．suddenly
C．greatly D．differently
解析：选C　作者刚开始的时候非常想念自己的家人和朋友。
16．A.strangely B．gradually
C．recently D．immediately
解析：选B　根据上文“However, day by day”，可知，作者逐渐喜欢上了这里。
17．A.design B．choose
C．order D．discover
解析：选D　根据上文“I even consider Perpignan a hidden gem (宝石)”可知，作者认为佩皮尼昂是一块被掩藏的宝石，等待着更多的人来发现。
18．A.working B．traveling
C．moving D．appearing
解析：选B　作者期待着有更多的时间在西班牙和法国旅行，让自己融入到两种文化中。
19．A.besides B．for
C．within D．until
解析：选A　根据语境可知，此处表示除了更多地了解两国文化之外。
20．A.face B．change
C．forget D．improve
解析：选D　根据语境可知，作者希望自己法语和西班牙语的听力和口语技能都能得到提高。
Ⅱ.短文改错
It's time to say goodbye. I can't help recalling those beautiful days we spent them together. You are the very person who gives me the hand when I need help. You are the more considerate person who knows exactly that I need. Do you still remember that night two years ago? When I suddenly fall ill, it was you who carried me on your back to the hospital. You took well care of me when I was in hospital. Later, you managed help me with my lessons. With your help, I would have failing in the exams. I still have hundreds of story to share with you. I still have thousands of blessings for you. May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last forever!
答案：第二句：去掉them
第三句：第二个the→a
第四句：more→most; that→what
第六句：fall→fell
第七句：well→good
第八句：managed后加to
第九句：with→without; failing→failed
第十句：story→stories






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课时跟踪练（三）Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The little girl is so cute (逗人喜爱的) that everyone likes her.
2．She has a very distinctive (与众不同的) way of walking.
3．A new chapter is included in the second edition (版)．
4．We would like to present (提出) some suggestions which will help settle the question.
5．After repeated attempts (尝试) they finally succeeded.
6．Try to simplify (简化) your explanation for the children.
7．Generations of students have learnt to repeat the standard (标准的) explanations.
8．He carried on the business in combination (联合) with his friends.
9．He criticised (批评) me for failing to complete the work on time.
10．The library contains a large number of foreign language reference (参考) books.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It's surprising that your brother picked out Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.out→up
2．You'd better add up to your scores and see if you have passed the exam.去掉to
3．A new stadium is being built in present in our city. Work on it will complete in another two months.第一个in→at
4．If you come across an unknown English word, you can refer with your e?dictionary to find its meaning.with→to
5．Thank to your help, I got the first in the final?term English examination.Thank→Thanks
6．The bell indicated the end of the period rang, interrupted our heated discussion.interrupted→interrupting
Ⅲ.选词填空
in favour of， refer to ... as ...， make an attempt， in combination with， thanks to， in reference to， pick up， get used to
1．We've reached our goal of D|S50,000, thanks_to the generosity (慷慨) of the public.
2．Are you in_favour_of my plan or against it?
3．I made_an_attempt to talk to him but he took no notice of me.
4．Never take this medicine in_combination_with alcohol (酒) or you will die.
5．The man likes to refer_to his cat as his girlfriend.
6．Young people are picking_up some Internet words.
7．These kids used to live in a small village. It took them almost a year to get_used_to living in a large city.
8．She kept saying horrible things in_reference_to the film.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They find it very difficult to finish their work in two days.
2．My friend suggested that I (should)_make (make) more efforts to improve my oral English.
3．The shocked (shock) look on her face suggested that she couldn't believe what her manager said.
4．He's giving her French lessons in exchange for her teaching him English.
5．Natural disasters have obviously (obvious) contributed to the continent's economic crisis.
6．It's a headache trying to get around in a strange town. I will just take a taxi and avoid all the trouble.
7．Unless some extra money is_found (find), the theatre will close.
8．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers are_repairing (repair) one of the main pipes.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．As we all know, the earth travels_around_the_sun.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
2．She is always helping_other_people.
她总是帮助别人。
3．The students will_have_five_English_classes per week this term.
本学期学生每周要上五节英语课。
4．Jim is_going_to_be_a_scientist when he grows up.
吉姆长大后要当科学家。
5．I was_about_to_go_to_have_dinner when he called me up.
我正要去吃饭，这时他给我打电话。
6．So far, the disease has_not_been_so_terrible as it seems to be.
到目前为止，这种疾病没有它看起来那么糟糕。
7．Any change in lifestyle will make_a_difference_to_your_health.
生活方式的任何变化都会影响你的健康。
8．Though he came from a family similar_to_mine,_we have little similarity in taste.
虽然他和我来自相似的家庭，但我们的嗜好没有相似之处。
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Uploading countless selfies (自拍照), writing personal status updates, and checking your messages every other minute seem like just a part of modern daily life, right? These are the markers of the relationship we all have with social media now, which started out just as a way to communicate with one another.

According to a recent study by experts at the University of Georgia, there may be more to it than that. The findings suggested some unmistakable correlations between social media use and what's known as “grandiose narcissism (浮夸的自恋)”. People crazily post their pictures and update their personal status online to make themselves known to others. Their posts are always in their very best light. After all, it's a quick and easy way to get some much?needed attention.
When does social media use become a problem? The University of Georgia carried out the research according to the following questions: How long do people spend on social media? How often do they tweet or update statuses? How many friends or followers do they have? How many selfies do they tend to post? If you do all the above things, it likely sends signals about your personality. All of these online actions have one thing in common: They are all ways in which we try to promote ourselves online. Therefore, it's how you use the platform that counts.
Then, exactly how much time spent online is too much? The researchers didn't measure. However, another study from Baylor University listed SALIENCE (social platforms becoming necessary in your daily life) and EUPHORIA (the feeling of excitement when you use them) among other things as signs of addiction. That is to say, if you are always busy with social media on a daily basis, it could be a sign that you have a harmful relationship with it.
Therefore, it's how you use the platform that matters. Social media itself means no harm. Instead, more benefits can be got if you use it carefully and wisely.
语篇解读：很多人在日常生活中已离不开社交媒体，社交媒体在一定程度上已变成一个展示自我的平台。
1．According to the author, what's the original purpose of social media?
A．To post selfies.
B．To make new friends.
C．To share personal life.
D．To exchange information.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“which started out just as a way to communicate with one another”可知，社交媒体出现的最初目的是方便人们交流信息。
2．According to research of the University of Georgia, ________.
A．social media has become a stage to show oneself
B．most social media users have become addicted to it
C．what appears on social media is not always trustworthy
D．it's necessary for us to check our messages from time to time
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“People crazily post their pictures and update their personal status online to make ... much?needed attention.”可知，调查发现，社交媒体已成为人们自我展示的平台。
3．What can we know from the last but one paragraph?
A．Nowadays most people use social media too much.
B．We should get rid of social media from our daily life.
C．Whether one has social media addiction can be measured.
D．Scientists have given the suggested time spent on social media.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, another study ... among other things as signs of addiction.”可推断，研究人员已有判断对社交媒体的使用是否上瘾的标准。
4．From the passage, we can know that the author thinks social media ________.
A．can be a useful tool in our life
B．shouldn't be used by teenagers
C．can give us more friends
D．has brought much harm to society
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为如何使用社交媒体是关键，使用得当，可以给我们带来很多益处。
Ⅱ.语法填空
At each stage of our life, we meet different kinds of people. Some are funny; some teach us lessons in life while others occupy a special space in our heart. The people __1__ (call) “best friends” are just these special friends.
In our childhood, “best friends” might have meant the persons who are always by our side, __2__ it may be in the classroom or in the dining hall. However, as we are getting __3__(old) than before, our definition (定义) of “best friends” changes. In my opinion, best friends are those who love you __4__ who you are and help you become who you should be. People in our life come and go, but some people stay. They are the people we should never lose.
True friends are those who will never abandon you when you need them most. They are always there __5__ (wait) for you and they love you when you forget to love __6__ (you). The best feeling in the whole world is knowing that there is __7__ person who always prays for us and always keeps us in their thoughts. Friendship may not __8__ (necessary) be based on age, but it is based on __9__ (understand). Even our parents can be our best friends! So let us build our friendship and try our best __10__ (see) the good side of everyone!
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.called　2.whether　3.older　4.for　5.waiting　6.yourself　7.a　8.necessarily　9.understanding
10．to see







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课时跟踪练（一）Introduction & Reading —Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting.
When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”， I didn't know what it meant. Realizing I didn't follow her, she used another word. I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word came up when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted_down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was engaged.
Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk.
Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was filling out a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didn't follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber.
In order to communicate well with the British, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between American English and British English.
语篇解读：作者通过生活中的一些例子告诉我们英式英语和美式英语中一些词在使用上的差异。
1．When Lily used the word “larder”， she was probably looking for a ________.
A．cup　　　　　　　　　　 B．ladder
C．cupboard D．cooker
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food.”可知，莉莉在寻找一个“橱柜”。
2．What does the underlined phrase “jotted down” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Wrote down. B．Left behind.
C．Looked for. D．Settled down.
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“in her diary” 以及“while I marked my calendar”可知，莉莉把日期和时间记在了日记本上。write down“记下，写下”。
3．Last week, Lily regretted sending her boys to watch a tennis game mainly because ________.
A．she thought the game was boring
B．she wanted to spend time with her boys
C．she didn't dress her boys in thick clothes
D．her boys got lost
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“an early morning tennis game”和“I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those.”可推断，莉莉后悔送她的孩子们去看网球比赛是因为她没给孩子们穿厚一点的衣服。
4．According to the passage, in British English ________.
A．the word “pissed” means “angry”
B．the word “jacket” is often used
C．the word “engaged” means “tired”
D．the word “rubber” means “eraser”
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber”可知，选D。
B
British English and American English are almost the same. But there are slight differences between British and American English in vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling and grammar.
The first difference between British and American English is in vocabulary. Almost all of the words used in British English and American English are exactly the same. Only a very small number of words are used disparately. For example, Americans would say “apartment”， but the British would say “flat” to talk about the place where they live. In addition to some common words, many idiomatic(惯用的) expressions are different. In England people might say “I'll ring you up tonight”， but in the US, people might say “I'll call you up tonight”．
The second difference between British and American English is in pronunciation. The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels (元音). Some American dialects and some British dialects use vowels in different ways. Sometimes, Americans and the British don't understand each other's pronunciation. But most of the time, the British and Americans do understand each other's pronunciation because most of the sounds of the two dialects are the same.
The third difference is very small. This is the difference in spelling. A few types of words are spelled differently in British and American English. The most common example is in a word like “center”. In British English, this word would be spelled C?E?N?T?R?E, while in American English the same word would be spelled C?E?N?T?E?R. Another example is “or” vs “our”. The word “color”is spelled C?O?L?O?U?R in Britain but C?O?L?O?R in the US.
There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British may say “Have you got ...？” while Americans prefer “Do you have ...？” An American might say “my friend just arrived”， but a British would say “my friend has just arrived”. Sometimes function words are used differently: the British may say “at the weekend”， but Americans would say “on the weekend”．
语篇解读：本文是一篇关于英式英语和美式英语差异的文章。
5．What is this passage mainly about?
A．The development of American English.
B．Differences between British and American English.
C．The influences of British English on American English.
D．The causes of the differences between British and American English.
解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知文章是关于英式英语和美式英语差异的。
6．What does the underlined word “disparately” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Frequently.　　　　　　　 B．Regularly.
C．Eventually. D．Differently.
解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据该词前面的“Almost all of the words used in British English and American English are exactly the same. Only a very small number of words are used disparately.”可知disparately应该与same意思相反。
7. According to Paragraph 3, Americans and the British may find it hard to understand each other because of________.
A．the different ways of using vowels
B．the different idiomatic expressions they use
C．the differences in grammar
D．the differences in spelling
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段“The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels (元音)．”可知答案为A。
8．Which of the following words probably belong to the American English vocabulary?
a．flavour　b．theater　c．humor　d．centre　e．kilometer
f．honour　g．color
A．a, b, c, e B．b, c, d, e
C．b, c, e, g D．d, e, f, g
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段关于拼写的差异，可知是C。
C
American English began in the 17th century. At the beginning of the 17th century, the English language was brought to North America by colonists (殖民者) from England. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, the language used by Shakespeare.

In order to exploit new resources in America, British colonists settled down there and from 1607 to 1732 set up thirteen colonies, including Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. In these thirteen areas, English was a common language used by all people. The first colonists established the English form in America. They continued to speak as they had done in England.
As time went by, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. Foreigners longing for wealth set foot on the coastal area to trade. The Americans adopted many words from foreign languages and invented numerous new words to meet their commercial (贸易的) needs.
Following American Independence, famous people like Thomas Jefferson, the president, began to consider that the country should have a language of its own. Noah Webster compiled (编纂) three elementary books on English. Later, he expressed the idea that as an independent nation, America should have a system of its own in language as well as in government. After the second half of the 19th century, many great writers such as Mark Twain helped the development of American English.
English in America has developed a character of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people. Since the rise of the United States to a position of world importance, American English has been developing and changing. There is no doubt that American English will enrich the English language greatly. With the rapid development of modern mass media and the common needs of economic, cultural and political exchanges, American English will be more widely used in the world than British English.
语篇解读：本文简要介绍了美式英语的发展史，并预测了其在世界上的影响力将越来越深远。
9．What can you infer from Paragraph 3?
A．People from the seaside were more willing to learn English.
B．The English language changed as a result of inner culture shock.
C．New words occurred in American English as a result of local invention.
D．International business and trade contributed to the development of American English.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Foreigners longing for wealth set foot on the coastal area to trade. The Americans adopted many words from foreign languages and invented numerous new words to meet their commercial needs.”可知，因为国际贸易的交往，美式英语从他国语言中进行了大量借鉴，由此可以推断出国际贸易促进了美式英语的发展。
10．What do we know about American English?
A．It came into being at the end of the 17th century.
B．It hardly makes contributions to the development of English.
C．Its development has a close relationship with American people's life.
D．It has been more widely used than British English from the beginning.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“English in America has developed a character of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people.”可知，美式英语发展出了自己的特色，它的发展与美国人民的生活密不可分。
11．What's the best title for the passage?
A．The Development of American English
B．Language and Business
C．The Difference between American English and British English
D．The Birth of American English
解析：选A　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了美式英语的发展历程，并对美式英语的未来发展进行了展望。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. __1__ However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.
Some people say we live in a dog?eat?dog world. __2__ They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.
__3__ This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.
__4__ People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard (废品场) dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.
Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. __5__
A．Still, people say every dog has its day.
B．We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.
C．Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways.
D．Dogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people.
E．There are many other expressions waiting for you to explore.
F．That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.
G．They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care.
答案：1～5　GFACB







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