Module 4 Carnival
The carnival has been celebrated in the City of Cologne since ancient times. However, after a new government came into power in 1814, it was high time to “organise” the street carnival, which the new authority thought was getting out of hand. Therefore, in 1823 the Festival Committee was founded.
Over the years, certain new traditions and customs have emerged (出现), which become the feature of the modern Cologne Carnival: the indoor festivities and the street carnival. It is the task of the Festival Committee, representing over 100 Cologne carnival associations, etc., to organise, set common standards, and preserve the tradition of the carnival.
Traditionally, the carnival starts at 11：11, 11th, November! The carnival lasts for totally three months. On February 10,1823 Cologne celebrated the first Rose Monday, the craziest day of the carnival. Given its Christian roots, the date of Rose Monday is determined by the Church calendar: It takes place on the Monday before the carnival ends.
This carnival is known as one of the most important street parties of all times. This colorful celebration attracts over a million visitors from all over the world. The parades through the streets are organised by locals and school children. Thousands of people come to watch the great show. Millions of people stand on both sides of the street cheering. Germans let down their hair and have the time of their lives, drinking, singing and dancing. On Ash Wednesday, the day the carnival ends, it is a must to have fish — that is what you will get on the menu of all restaurants.
To learn more about the carnival, many people have visited the carnival museum of Cologne. The museum opened its gates in 2005 and was awarded the title of “2006 Location of Ideas and Innovations” in the following year. The exhibition has a wide variety of exhibits in the history of carnival in Europe. Visitors are amazed at the collection of medals from Cologne’s various carnival clubs or they can listen to the typical carnival music in k?lsch, a dialect (方言) spoken in Cologne.
Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre?reading
The Magic of the Mask
Think of① carnival②， and you think of crowds, costumes③， and confusion④. The sounds and sights change from one country to⑤ another but the excitement is the same everywhere.
“Carnival” comes from two Latin words, meaning “no more meat”⑥. In Europe, where it began⑦， carnival was followed by⑧ forty days without meat, as people prepared for the Christian⑨ festival of Easter⑩. People saw Carnival as? a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season. Having fun? meant eating, drinking, and dressing up?.
①Think of ... and you think of ...为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。
②carnival/'kɑ?nIvl/n.狂欢节
③costume/'k?stju?m/n.服装；戏装；化装服
④confusion/k?n'fju??n/n.杂乱；混乱
⑤change from ...to ...从……到……变化
⑥现在分词短语“meaning ...”作定语，相当于“which means ...”。
⑦where it began为定语从句，修饰先行词Europe。
⑧be followed by被……跟随；紧跟着
⑨Christian/'krIst??n/adj.基督教的
⑩as people prepared for the Christian为时间状语从句。
?see ...as ...把……看作……
?have fun过得愉快，动名词短语having fun作主语，mean doing表示“意味着做……”。
?dress up装扮；打扮
面具的魔力
[第1～2段译文]
想到狂欢节，你就会想到人群、各式各样的服装和热闹非凡的场面。 这种场面在每个国家所听到的和看到的各不相同，但人们的兴奋程度在各地都是相同的。
“狂欢节”这个词是由两个拉丁词演变而来的，意思是“禁肉食”。欧洲是狂欢节的发源地，在那里，狂欢节过后人们会有40天不吃肉，在这期间，人们为基督教的节日——复活节做准备。人们把狂欢节作为冬季结束前最后一次玩乐的机会。玩乐意味着吃、喝和乔装打扮。
The most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice. At the beginning?， it lasted for? just one day. People ate, drank, and wore masks. As time passed?， however, the carnival period was extended?， so that it began just after Christmas?. For weeks on end? people walked round the streets wearing masks, doing what they wanted without being recognised?. Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret. Many crimes went unpunished.
?at the beginning从一开始，起初(＝at first)
?last (for) 持续
?as time passed随着时间的推移
?extend/Ik'stend/vt.延长
?so that it began just after Christmas为结果状语从句。
?on end(时间)连续地；竖着
?现在分词短语wearing ...doing ...作伴随状语。而doing后what they wanted ...为宾语从句。
pretend/prI'tend/vi.假装
pretend to do sth.假装做某事
in secret秘密地(＝secretly)
go unpunished没有得到惩罚
[第3段译文]
欧洲?过去?最著名的狂欢节是在威尼斯。最初，狂欢节只持续一天。人们吃呀、喝呀，并戴上面具。然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间被延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。连续几个星期人们戴着面具走在街上，为所欲为而不会被认出来。普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。很多罪行逃脱了惩处。
The government realised that wearing masks had become a problem. Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century. Men were not allowed to wear masks at night; and they were not allowed to dress up as women. In later times more laws were passed. People who wore masks could not carry firearms； and no one could enter a church wearing a mask. If they broke the laws, they were put into prison for up to two years. Finally, when Venice became part of the Austrian empire， at the end of the eighteenth century, masks were banned completely, and carnival became just a memory.
But in the late 1970s the tradition was revived by students. They began making masks and organising parties, and threw bits of brightly coloured paper (called coriandoli) at tourists. The town council realised that carnival was good for business, and the festival was developed for tourists.,
that wearing masks had become a problem为宾语从句，其中动名词短语wearing masks在从句中作主语。
be limited by受……限制
date back to追溯到(＝date from)
以上两个短语没有进行时和被动语态。
of which ...为非限制性定语从句，修饰laws。
be allowed to do被允许做……
who wore masks为定语从句，修饰people。
firearm/'faI?r?ɑ?m/n.火器
put ...into prison把……关进监狱
up to达到(数量、程度等)
empire/'empaI?/n.帝国
ban v．(banned; banned)禁止；取缔
ban sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
memory/'mem?ri/n.记忆
in memory of为了纪念
in the late/early 1970s在20世纪70年代后/早期
revive/rI'vaIv/vt.复兴；再兴起；再流行
bits of小片的
called coriandoli为过去分词作定语，修饰paper。
throw ...at ...向……扔……
council/'ka?nsl/n.地方议会；政务委员会
[第4～5段译文]
政府意识到戴面具已成为一个问题。它们?面具?的使用受到法律的限制，最早的法律条文可追溯到14世纪。男子不准在夜间戴面具，并且不能假扮女性。之后，更多法律条文出台了。戴面具者不得携带火器，不得进入教堂。如果他们违反了法律，就要被判处长达两年的监禁。最后，在18世纪末，当威尼斯成为奥地利帝国的一部分时，面具被完全禁止了，狂欢节只成为一个记忆。
但在20世纪70年代后期，狂欢节这个传统节日又被学生们恢复了。他们开始制作面具，并组织聚会，还向游客扔小块的彩色纸片?叫“五彩纸片”?。市镇议会意识到狂欢节对商业是有好处的，因此这个节日得以发展，以吸引更多的游客。
Today, carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February. People arrive from all over Europe to enjoy the fun. Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes. German, French and English seem to be the main languages. But the spirit of Venice carnival is not quite the same as the great American carnivals. If the key to Rio is music and movement, then in Venice it is the mystery of the mask. As you wander through the streets, you see thousands of masks — elegant or frightening, sad or amusing, traditional or modern — but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like. Nobody takes them off. If the masks come off， the magic is lost.
book/b?k/vt.预订
作为动词用来指预订“房间、票、座位”等。
be crowded with挤满
quite为副词，此处用来加强语气。
be (not) the same as ...与……(不)一样
key n．关键；答案(常与介词to连用)
wander/'w?nd?/vi.漫步；闲逛
wonder v．想知道，纳闷
elegant/'elIɡ?nt/adj.优美的；高雅的
what the faces behind them look like为同位语从句，作idea的同位语。
take off除去，去掉，摘下
come off掉落，脱落，摘掉
magic/'m?d?Ik/n.魔力；魅力
[第6段译文]
如今，威尼斯狂欢节的庆祝活动在二月进行，历时五天。来自欧洲各国的人们在此尽情娱乐。旅店已被预订一空，狭窄的街道上挤满了身着华美服饰的人。德语、法语和英语似乎成为主要语言。但威尼斯狂欢节的本质与美洲狂欢节有所不同。如果在里约热内卢，狂欢节主要是音乐和游行的话，那么在威尼斯，则是面具的神秘。当你漫步街头时，你会看到成千上万张面具——高雅的、可怕的、忧伤的、有趣的、传统的或时尚的——但你并不知道面具后面的那些面孔是什么样。没有人摘下面具。如果面具摘掉了，其魔力也就消失了。
Pre?reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．elegant A．to behave as if something is true
2．book B．having special powers
3．magic C．to move slowly without a direction
4．wander D．to arrange with a hotel
5．Pretend E．the point from which sth. starts
6．origin F．very beautiful and gentle
7．costume G．a group of countries that are controlled by one ruler
8．empire H．clothes
1～5____________ 6～8____________
答案：1～5 FDBCA 6～8 EHG
Lead?in
Do you know some famous festivals in the world？And can you tell something about them?
参考答案：There_are_many_festivals_in_the_world,_such_as_New_Year’ s Day_in China,__
Women’s_Day,_April_Fools’Day,_Carnival_in_Europe,_etc._On_the festivals, people always
take_part_in_some_activities_in_memory_of_something._For_example,_on_New_Year’s_Eve, people_often_gather_together_to_celebrate_the_end_of_the_cold_winter_and_the beginning_of
another_year,_etc.
While?reading
Fast?reading
1．Read the passage quickly and choose the main idea.
A．Different carnivals.
B．The origins of carnival.
C．Special food.
D．Carnival in Venice.
答案：D
2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
(1)Para.1 A．the meaning of carnival and how it was celebrated
(2)Para.2 B．the law about wearing masks
(3)Para.3 C．the general impression of carnival
(4)Para.4 D．how carnival is celebrated today in Venice and the feature of it
(5)Para.5 E．carnival in Venice and the problems it caused
(6)Para.6 F．the revival of the tradition of celebrating carnival
(1)～(6)________________
答案：(1)～(6) CAEBFD
Careful?reading
Choose the best answers according to the text.
1．At carnival people ________.
A．don’t eat meat B．drink, eat and dress up
C．don’t wear masks D．don’t waste lots of money
2．The first carnival in Venice lasted for ________.
A．one day B．one week
C．forty days D．three days
3．The government in Venice didn’t allow people to wear masks because ________.
A．making masks wasted lots of money
B．they didn’t like people wearing masks
C．some of the masks looked very frightening
D．many crimes were committed by the people wearing masks
4．The main reason for the revival of Carnival was probably that ________.
A．both the young and the old liked it very much
B．masks were magical and attractive
C．Carnival contributed to the development of business
D．it was good for students to develop their communication skills
5．What is the spirit of the carnival in Venice?
A．The music and movement.
B．The mystery of mask.
C．The wonderful costumes.
D．The sounds and sights.
答案：1～5 BADCB
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．In Europe, where it began, carnival was followed by forty days without meat, as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 欧洲是狂欢节的发源地，在那里，狂欢节过后人们会有40天不吃肉，在这期间，人们为基督教的节日——复活节做准备。
2．As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间被延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。_
3．For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks, doing what they wanted without being recognised.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 连续几个星期人们戴着面具走在街上，为所欲为而不会被认出来。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Many Americans believe that our present national holiday called Thanksgiving originated with a feast celebrated by Pilgrims who arrived on the shores of America in 1620. Some people survived due to the help from a local Indian tribe. During the next spring the Indians taught them how to grow and cultivate the crops. In the fall of 1621 they simply celebrated a traditional English Autumn Harvest Festival. This is the credit of the first Thanksgiving.
As time went on, Thanksgiving was celebrated through various governmental announcements. Cities, counties and state governments continued their regional observance until 1863. The Battle of Gettysburg fought on July 4th, 1863 became a Union victory that represented the turning point of the American Civil War. In honor of this event, two national Thanksgivings were declared by President Lincoln. The first holiday honored the victory at Gettysburg on August 6th. The second event was celebrated on the last Thursday in November and became the permanent holiday with which we are familiar. Lincoln’s declaration was motivated by the efforts of Sarah Josepha Hale, an editor of a popular women’s magazine who started a national drive for Thanksgiving as early as 1827.
During the end of the 19th century, Thanksgiving with its New England influence was commonly represented by turkeys, a large feast and large family reunions. The Pilgrims were not in evidence during these early celebrations nor was there a cozy relationship with the Indians.
The dawn of the 20th century saw Thanksgiving develop into its present form. Now that the Indians were no longer a threat, pictures of Americans and Indians in their familiar congruent (相配的，符合的) setting emerged and became popular. The 300th anniversary of the Pilgrim’s landing in America in 1920 strengthened the modern symbolism and meaning that we attribute to our present day celebrations.
语篇解读：本文讲述了人们是怎样庆祝第一个感恩节的，让读者了解了感恩节的由来和人们庆祝感恩节的活动变化过程。
1．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．How to celebrate Thanksgiving around the world
B．The first Thanksgiving and its development
C．Various celebration activities of Thanksgiving around the world
D．Two national Thanksgiving declared by Lincoln
解析：选B 标题归纳题。由每段段首的句意可推知本文是按照时间的先后顺序来写的，纵观全文可知主要讲述第一个感恩节的由来和人们庆祝第一个感恩节的活动，故选B项。
2．Who celebrated the first Thanksgiving?
A．Indians. B．Europeans.
C．President Lincoln. D．Pilgrims.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段第一句可知许多美国人认为，现在所谓的感恩节起源于1620年抵达美国海岸的清教徒所庆祝的节日，故选D项。
3．Which is the right order of the events for the first Thanksgiving?
①Thanksgiving was represented by turkeys, a large feast and large family reunions.
②Two national Thanksgivings were declared by President Lincoln.
③Indians and Pilgrims celebrated a traditional English Autumn Harvest Festival.
④Pilgrims arrived on the shores of America.
A．④③②① B．④③①②
C．④②③① D．④②①③
解析：选A 推理判断题。由第一段可知先是一些清教徒来到美国海岸，受到印第安人的帮助，之后于1621年庆祝传统的英国秋收节，由此排除C、D两项，然后根据第二、三段内容可知，先是出现美国总统林肯宣布的两个全国性感恩节，才出现后来的以火鸡、大餐和家庭团聚为主要特征的庆祝活动。故选A项。
4．The year 2020 will be the ________ anniversary of Thanksgiving.
A．200th B．300th
C．400th D．500th
解析：选C 推理判断题。由文章最后一句“The 300th anniversary of the Pilgrim’s landing in America in 1920 ...”可知，1920年是感恩节300周年庆，可推知2020年将是400周年庆，故选C项。
B
There are a number of special days of the year that are celebrated in different countries. The origins of most of the days are unknown. They were certainly not created by individual people. Other days, however, especially those celebrated in western countries, often owe their origins to a particular person. One of the most popular of these, even though it is fairly recent, is Mother’s Day. Mothers have always been highly regarded in all cultures. The ancient Romans had a festival known as Hilario, during which children took presents to the temple of the “Mother of the Gods”. The Christian Church adopted this idea and called it Mothering Sunday. However, over the years this custom was gradually forgotten and almost disappeared by the end of the 19th century.
Born in 1864 in Virginia, USA, Anna Jarvis was a school teacher and believed children should show gratitude to their mothers for all their love and care. Encouraged by a friend, she wrote to thousands of important people — politicians, churchmen, doctors, city officials — and asked them to support her idea: a special day of the year for thanking mothers.
In 1910 the Governor of West Virginia introduced Mother’s Day into the state. The date chosen was May 10 — the second Sunday in May, which is still observed in America today. This date was chosen because May 10 was the date on which in 1908 Anna Jarvis’s mother had died. In 1914 President Woodrow Wilson made May 10 the official date for Mother’s Day throughout the United States.
Soon there was a Mother’s Day International Association and the custom began to be adopted in many countries of the world.
Anna Jarvis, a sad and disillusioned (失望的) woman, died in 1948. The custom she had worked so hard to establish and which had become almost universal had lost its original purpose. It had been taken over by business. As with Christmas, the giving of presents and the sending of cards had become a multi?million?dollar industry.
5．The story is about ________.
A．Mothering Sunday for Christmas
B．the origin of a special day for mothers
C．President Woodrow Wilson and Anna Jarvis
D．how people celebrate Mother’s Day
解析：选B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了母亲节的由来，而不是如何庆祝母亲节。
6．Anna Jarvis wanted to ________.
A．thank her mother for her care
B．introduce a celebration for mothers
C．meet thousands of important people
D．make her pupils celebrate her on Mother’s Day
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第二段“to support her idea: a special day of the year for thanking mothers”可知。
7．May 10 became the date for Mother’s Day because ________.
A．May is in the American spring
B．it was the second Sunday in May in 1910
C．President Woodrow Wilson liked the date
D．this was the date that Anna Jarvis’s mother died
解析：选D 细节理解题。从第三段“because May 10 was the date on which in 1908 Anna Jarvis’s mother had died”可知。
8．Unfortunately, Anna Jarvis was NOT happy with Mother’s Day when she died because ________.
A．her mother was not there to see it
B．she had never been a mother herself
C．people were too interested in making it a business
D．no one gave any presents or cards to their mothers
解析：选C 细节理解题。从最后一段“... had lost its original purpose. It had been taken over by business ... become a multi?million?dollar industry”可知。
C
Reducing some climate pollutants (污染物) could save millions of lives, says a new report by the World Health Organization (WHO). Gases, like smoke, or black carbon, are called “short?lived climate pollutants”. They affect the society in many aspects.
These climate pollutants can cause some serious diseases. These include heart disease, diseases connected with cancer, and infections. They are also responsible for many of the more than 7 million earlier deaths each year that are connected to air pollution.
The UN health group also says the pollutants can reduce agricultural crops. These pollutants exist both outdoors and indoors. WHO Environment Chief Maria Neira says the pollutants have a strong influence on climate change. The good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, which can remain for hundreds, or even thousands, of years.
WHO has a number of practical and affordable ways to reduce these short?lived climate pollutants. At the top of their list: cutting vehicle emissions (排放) by requiring higher emission standards. More emissions are given off when engines are running. Indoor air pollution also leads to bad health and earlier death. The WHO reports that nearly 3 billion low?income families rely on “dirty fuels”. Coal, wood and kerosene used for cooking and heating are examples. To use cleaner and more efficient stoves to heat or cook could cut down on the health risks.
Another way they say to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investments and policies for rapid transport. These include buses, trains, bicycles and road users, or walking routes. They say these investments could have many benefits, including safer travel, reducing health risks from noise and air pollution, and more physical activity. The WHO report also calls for encouraging high? and middle?income populations to include more plant?based foods in their diets. It says this could reduce heart disease and some cancers. It could also slow the gas production that comes with some animal?sourced foods.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。煤烟、炭黑、甲烷以及城市烟雾中的臭氧等气体，通常被称为“短期气候污染物质”。它们不仅影响了气候变化，而且会对人类身体健康造成损害。
9．The underlined word “They” in the second paragraph probably refers to “________”．
A．Climate pollutants B．Diseases
C．Deaths D．Infections
解析：选A 代词指代题。根据语境可推测出，该代词在此处指“气候污染物”。
10．What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A．Climate change is caused by the climate pollutants.
B．We don’t need to pay attention to the climate pollutants.
C．The climate pollutants are more harmful than carbon dioxide.
D．The climate pollutants are easier to disappear than carbon dioxide.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段，相比于二氧化碳，这些空气污染物在大气中停留时间较短，故更容易消失。
11．From the last paragraph we can know that ________.
A．all of the low?income families have a balanced diet
B．eating plant?based foods can stop the gas production
C．people hate to have animal?sourced foods in their diets
D．more efforts should be made to improve public transport
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一和第二句可知，为了减少大气污染物的排放，需要增加投资来改善公共交通。
12．What does this text mainly talk about?
A．A kind of pollutant that is difficult to deal with.
B．The climate pollutants can cause serious diseases.
C．WHO’s methods to control the climate pollutants.
D．The harm of the climate pollutants and ways to reduce them.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲了大气污染物的危害以及相应的治理措施。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Do you often feel stressed out with too much work? The trick is to organize your tasks and use your time efficiently. This can help you to reduce stress and do better at your workplace. Time management is a skill that takes time to develop and is different for each person. __1__ Use some tips listed below for few weeks and see if they can help you.
Prioritize (优先处理) work. Before the start of the day, make a list of tasks that need your immediate attention as unimportant tasks can cost much of your valuable time. Some tasks need to be completed on that day only. __2__ In short, prioritize your tasks to focus on those that are more important.
Avoid stress. Stress often happens when we accept more work than our ability. __3__ Instead, try to give some tasks to others and make sure to leave some time for relaxation.
Start early. Most of the successful men and women have one thing in common. __4__ When you get up early, you are more calm, creative, and clear?headed. As the day progresses, your energy levels start going down, which affects your efficiency and you don’t perform as well.
__5__ Whenever you find yourself for 10－15 minutes, take a break. Too much stress can have a had influence on your body and affect your efficiency. Take a walk, listen to some music or do some quick stretches. The best idea is to take off from work and spend time with your friends and family.
A．Set up time limits.
B．Take some breaks.
C．You just need to find what works best for you.
D．However, other unimportant tasks could be put off to next day.
E．The truth is that we do better when we concentrate on one thing.
F．They start their day early as it gives them time to sit, think, and plan their day.
G．The result is that our body starts feeling tired, which can affect our efficiency.
答案：1～5 CDGFB
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Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.costume n． 服装；戏装；化装服2.hide vt. 掩藏；躲藏 3.pretend vi. 假装 4.revive vt. 复兴；再兴起；再流行 5.book vt. 预订 6.wander vi. 漫步；闲逛 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.confusion n．杂乱；混乱→confuse vt.使……混乱→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confused adj.困惑的 2.extend vt.延长→extension n．延长；扩大 3.empire n．帝国→emperor n．皇帝 4.memory n．记忆→memorize vt.记住；熟记 5.elegant adj.优美的；高雅的→elegantly adv.高雅地→elegance n．高雅；优美6.magic n．魅力；魔力→magical adj.有魔力的，魔术的 1.revive vt.复兴；再兴起；再流行[记法] re?(再次)＋vive (life生命)→revive (复兴) [联想] ①review n．&vt.评论；复习；复查；检验 ②survive v．幸存，幸免于；比……活得长 2.book vt.预订 [同义] order v．订货；订购 [词块] ①book a ticket/seat订票/订座 ②order a meal订餐 3.wander vi.漫步；闲逛 [比较] wonder v．想知道 n．奇观 [串记] She was wandering about the house, wondering if he’d like to come to dinner. 她在房子里走来走去，想知道他是否愿意来吃晚饭。 4.extend vt.延长 [记法] ex?表示“出”“外”“由……中弄出”＋end(末端) [联想] ex?前缀高频词集锦 ①expand v．扩张，扩大 ②explore v．勘察；探索 ③export v．出口 ④explode v．爆炸
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.come out 出来；出版 2．dress up 装扮；打扮 3．originate from 起源于 4．come to an end 完结；结束 5．on end 连续地 6．in secret 秘密地 7．date back_to/from 追溯到 8．be crowded with 挤满 9．take off 脱掉 10．come off 脱落；脱离 1.have fun 玩得高兴 2．at the end of the winter season 冬季末 3．for weeks on end 一连几周 4．go unpunished 没受惩罚 5．at night 晚上 6．break the law 违反法律 7．put sb. into prison 把某人送进监狱 8．up to two years 长达两年 9．in the late 1970s 在20世纪70年代后期 10．have no idea 不知道
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.Think of carnival, and you think of crowds, costumes, and confusion. 想到狂欢节，你就会想到人群、各式各样的服装和热闹非凡的场面。 此句含有“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”的结构，它相当于“条件/时间状语从句＋主句”。 Do_more_practice,_and you’ll soon be skilled in it. 多做些练习，不久你就会很熟练的。
2.As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas. 然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间被延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。 句中as表示“随着，当……时”，引导时间状语从句。 As_children_get_older,_they become more and more interested in the things around them. 随着年龄的增长，孩子们对他们周围的事物变得越来越感兴趣了。
3.Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famouspeoplecould have romantic adventures in secret. 普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。 本句为并列句，由并列连词while连接，while表示对比、转折，意为“而，然而”。 Some people waste food while_others_don’t_have_enough. 有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。
1．(教材P31)Have you ever dressed up in special clothes?
你曾经用特别的衣服打扮过自己吗？
?dress up装扮；打扮；穿上盛装
dress up as 装扮成……
be dressed in 穿着
dress oneself/sb. 给自己/某人穿衣服
dress well 穿着得体
①Mr Green dressed up as a policeman in dark glasses.
格林先生装扮成一名戴墨镜的警察。
②The girl who is dressed in red is my daughter.
那个穿红衣服的女孩是我的女儿。
③The man wearing a black jacket is_dressing_the_boy.
穿黑夹克衣服的人正在给那个男孩穿衣服。
2．(教材P32)The original Venice carnival came to an end about 200 years ago.
最初的威尼斯狂欢节大约在200年前结束了。
?come to an end完结；终结；结束
bring/put ... to an end ＝ bring/put an end to ...
结束……
make ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出
on end 连续地；竖立着
end up doing sth. 结果做了某事
end with 以……结束
end up in 结果(处于……境地)
①As the Chinese saying goes, “All feasts must come to an end.”
就如中国俗话所说：“天下无不散的筵席。”
②The UN is to put an end to the dispute between the two countries.
联合国将要结束这两国之间的争端。
③You should learn to save and make_ends_meet.
你应该学会节约，做到收支平衡。
④The play is so successful that it has run for years on end.
这出戏非常成功，连演几年。
⑤If you don’t eat less, you’ll end up looking (look) like a whale!
如果你不少吃些，你最终会使自己看起来像一条鲸鱼！
3．(教材P32)If you wear this, it hides your face and your feelings.
如果你戴上它，就会掩藏你的脸和你的情绪。
?hide v．掩藏；躲藏；隐瞒 n．隐蔽处，藏身处
(1)hide sth. from sb. 向某人隐瞒某事
hide ...behind/under/in ...把……隐藏到……后面/下面/里面
hide away 把……隐藏
(2)hidden adj. 隐藏的；秘密的
①He tried to hide his feelings even from his friends.
他设法不在朋友的面前流露出自己的感情。
②I run swiftly up the stairs and hide behind my bed.
我快速跑上楼，躲在我的床后。
③There is a hidden (hide) world behind the one we all see, for all of us.
在我们所有人看到的世界背后都有一个隐秘的世界，为我们所有人所不知。
[名师点津] hiding和hidden作定语意思不同：a hiding place“一个藏身处”；a hidden place“一个秘密/隐蔽的地方”。
4．(教材P32)People saw Carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season.
人们把狂欢节作为冬季结束前最后一次玩乐的机会。
?see ...as把……当作；把……看作
①We should see failure as the way to success.
我们应当把失败看作是通往成功的道路。
②After he had been in prison Peter was regarded as the black sheep of the family.
彼得坐过牢之后，被看作是家庭中的不肖子孙。
③America is_considered (consider) as the land of opportunity.
美国被看成是一个充满机遇的国度。
④His colleagues think of him as a possible future director.
他的同事认为他有可能是未来的董事。
5．(教材P32)As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas.
然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间被延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。
?extend v．延长；延伸
①The headmaster extended our holiday by four days.
校长把我们的假期延长了四天。
②The cord has_been_extended (extend) between two bamboo poles.
在两根竹竿之间拉起了一根绳子。
[辨析比较] extend, expand, spread, stretch
extend “伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大以及长度、宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长
expand “展开，扩大”，仅指尺寸、数量的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大
spread “展开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大范围的传播，如传播(疾病)、散布(信息)等
stretch “伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长
选用以上单词填空
③Carl sat up in bed, yawned and stretched.
④News of the explosion spread swiftly.
⑤The population of the town expanded rapidly in the past ten years.
⑥He extended his hand to the new employee.
6．(教材P32)Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret.
普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。
?pretend vi.假装
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装做过某事
pretend (that) ... 假装……
①She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page.
她会打开书本，假装阅读，眼泪滴到打开的纸张上。
②The boy pretended to_be_doing (do) his homework when his mother came in.
他妈妈进来时，那个男孩假装正在做作业。
③She pretended to_have_worked (work) on the text, but she had not.
她假装学过了这篇课文，其实根本没有。
④I had been lying to myself, pretending_that everything was fine.
我一直对自己撒谎，假装一切都顺利。
[名师点津] pretend后面跟动词不定式作宾语，不跟动词?ing形式。
7．(教材P33)Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century.
它们(面具)的使用受到法律的限制，最早的法律条文可追溯到14世纪。
?date back to＝date from始于……；追溯到(一般只用现在时态，没有被动语态)
①The history of the pyramids in Egypt dates back to about 3,000 BC.
埃及金字塔的历史大约可以追溯到公元前3 000年。
②Paper making in China dates (date) back to about 200 BC.
中国大约在公元前200年就开始造纸了。
③The history of the Great Wall can date_back_to/date_from the Qin Dynasty.
长城的历史可以追溯到秦朝。
[辨析比较] date back to, date back
date back to 相当于date from/go back to，后面接时间点，意为“追溯到”，经常用现在分词短语形式作后置定语或状语
date back 相当于go back，后面接时间段，意为“追溯，上溯”
[语境串记] The history of their family dates back hundreds of years, and the house where they live dates back to the 18th century.
他们的家族已有几百年的历史，并且他们住的房子建于18世纪。
8．(教材P33)Finally, when Venice became part of the Austrian empire, at the end of the eighteenth century, masks were banned completely, and carnival became just a memory.
最后，在18世纪末，当威尼斯成为奥地利帝国的一部分时，面具被完全禁止了，狂欢节只成为一个记忆。
?memory n．记忆
(1)have a good/bad memory for sth.
对某事物记忆力好/差
in memory of/to the memory of
为了纪念(已故的某人)
(2)memorize v. 记住，记忆
memorial adj. 纪念的，悼念的
n. 纪念碑
①I have a good memory so I learn more quickly than others.
我记忆力很好， 因此学起来比别人快一些。
②The museum was built in_memory_of/to_the_memory_of the famous scientist.
这座博物馆是为了纪念这位著名的科学家而建立的。③I think it important to_memorize (memory) words and phrases.
我认为记忆单词和词组非常重要。
9．(教材P33)Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes.
旅店已被预订一空，狭窄的街道上挤满了身着华美服饰的人。
?book vt.预订(票、座位等)
①I have booked two seats for the theatre on Saturday.
我预订了两张星期六的戏票。
②I’ve booked_a_table_for_two at the restaurant tonight.
今晚我在这家饭店预订了两个人的桌子。
[辨析比较] book, order, reserve
book 意为“预订(票、座位等)”
order 意为“订货，订购”，常用作及物动词；还可以意为“点菜(饭、酒、饮料等)”，既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词
reserve 一般作“预留”讲，多用于房间、座位等的预订，不用预先付款
选用以上单词填空
③Will you promise to reserve the goods for us?
④There are no shirts left in this size but we could order one for you.
⑤Laurie said she had booked herself a flight home last night.
10．(教材P33)As you wander through the streets, you see thousands of masks — elegant or frightening, sad or amusing, traditional or modern ...
当你漫步街头时，你会看到成千上万张面具——高雅的、可怕的、忧伤的、有趣的、传统的或时尚的……
?wander
(1)vi.漫步；闲逛；游荡；走神；(思想)开小差
wander about/around 游荡，徘徊
wander through 穿过
wander off/from 偏离(正道)；迷路；走散
①I’ll just wander around the mall for half an hour.
我要在商场闲逛半个小时。
②The river wanders through some beautiful country.
这条河蜿蜒曲折地流经一些美丽的乡村。
③You might wander_from the subject if you don’t pay close attention.
如果你不认真的话，会离题的。
(2)n.[C]漫步，闲逛，徘徊
④I went to the park and had a wander around.
我去公园转了一圈。
[名师点津] wonder“想知道，惊讶，奇迹”和wander仅一个字母之差，使用时注意不要混淆。
形象记忆 He was wandering around the pyramid, wondering how on earth this wonder was built. 他在金字塔四周徘徊，想知道这座奇观究竟是怎样建成的。
11．(教材P33)Nobody takes them off.
没有人摘下面具。
?take off脱掉，除掉；起飞；休假；开始走红，成功；匆匆离开
[一词多义] 写出下列句中take off的含义
①The plane was noticed to take off at six o’clock.起飞
②I forgot to take off my make?up last night.除掉
③Her business has really taken off.成功
④I’m taking Monday off to go to London.休假
take back 收回
take down 写下，记下
take in 吸收；欺骗
take on 雇用；承担
take over 接管；接替
take up 占用；继续
⑤I’m sorry, I take back what I said.
对不起，我收回我说过的话。
⑥We find it difficult to take in what he teaches.
我们发现他教的东西很难理解。
12．(教材P33)If the masks come off, the magic is lost.
如果面具摘掉了，其魔力也就消失了。
?come off脱落，脱离，分开；实现，成功
come about 发生
come across 偶遇；偶然发现；被理解
come back 回来；复原；恢复
come down 倒下；跌落；传下来
come up 走近；长出；升起；出现；被提出
①I’ve tried to clean it, but the dirt won’t come off.
我试着把它洗干净，但这块污渍洗不掉。
②How did it come_about that she was late for class?
她怎么会上课迟到了呢？
③Never have I come_across such a difficult problem.
我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。
1．Think of carnival, and you think of crowds, costumes, and confusion.
想到狂欢节，你就会想到人群、各式各样的服装和热闹非凡的场面。
此句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，它相当于“条件/时间状语从句＋主句”。本句相当于“When you think of carnival, you think of crowds, costumes, and confusion.”。
(1)“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构中，and表示顺承关系，意为“那么，就”。
①Come early tomorrow, and you’ll be on time for the meeting.
＝If you come early tomorrow, you’ll be on time for the meeting.
明天早点来，你就能准时参加会议。
(2)与“祈使句＋and＋陈述句” 类似的三种结构
(1)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句
or/otherwise表示“否则”，前后之间是转折关系。
(2)名词词组＋and＋陈述句
名词词组相当于祈使句，常带有more, another等。
(3)祈使句＋破折号＋祈使句或者陈述句
破折号起到递进或附加说明的作用。
②Hurry up, or/otherwise you will be late.
快点，否则你会迟到的。
③A bit more effort, and you’ll succeed.
再努力一点，你就会成功。
④Do me a favour — invite Mary to my party.
帮我一个忙——邀请玛丽参加我的晚会。
2．As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas.
然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间被延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。
句中as表示“随着，当……时”，引导时间状语从句。
①The Chinese people are keener on volunteer services and charity as China is becoming more prosperous.
随着中国愈加繁荣，中国人民愈加热衷于志愿服务和慈善事业。
as的其他用法：
(1)“依照，按照”，引导方式状语从句。
②Leave the papers as they are.
别动那些文件。
(2)“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句。
③As_you_weren’t_there,_I left a message.
因为你不在那里，所以我留了个信儿。
(3)“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，相当于though。
④Try as/though he might, he couldn’t open the box.
虽然他想尽了办法，也没有打开这个箱子。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Keep on trying, and you’ll succeed sooner or later.
2．When I told her the news, she pretended to_have_known (know) it.
3．Their business has_been_extended (extend) into European countries in the last few years.
4．She and her family had_hidden (hide) away for two years before they were discovered.
5．I was_wandering (wander) through the street when I heard a cry for help.
6．If we had_booked (book) a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue.
7．Children dress up as Supermen to draw adults’ attention.
8．It’s hot today, so you’d better take off your coat.
9．The meeting is seen as the first step towards greater unity between the parties.
10．A number of questions came up at the meeting.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The tower dated from the Warring States is well worth visiting.dated→dating
2．With time passed, things seemed to get worse.With→As或passed→passing
3．The audience kept quiet till the concert came to end, when they gave a big applause.to后加an
4．When he played with the new toy, a lot of the paint came out.out→off
5．They will build a monument as memory of the national heroes.as→in
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词
1．We have booked two tables at our favourite restaurant this afternoon.
2．He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home.
3．In the Torch Festival, the Yi people danced in their national costumes.
4．He searched his memory but couldn’t recall where he’d seen her before.
5．After breaking out of jail, he hid himself from the police in a deserted farmhouse.
6．Superstitions (迷信) have recently been revived (使再流行) in some parts of the country.
7．You could feel the magic (魅力) of Shakespeare’s poetry.
8．The guests were deeply impressed with the girl’s elegant (优雅的) manners.
9．The main stem will extend (延长) to around 12ft, if left to develop naturally.
10．His younger sister stopped in confusion (困惑) when we turned to look at her.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Listen carefully, or/otherwise you’ll miss something important.
2．She pretended to_be_listening (listen) carefully, but in fact her mind has already wandered away.
3．Before the performance, the teachers were busy dressing up these children as little white rabbits.
4．We all know that the Great Wall dates from the third century B．C.
5．As time went by, the boy came to realize his mistakes.
6．I like coffee with cream while he prefers black coffee.
Ⅲ.选词填空
dress up， on end， date back to， come to an end， put into prison， in secret， wander around， come off
1．Her stay in the US was coming_to_an_end and she was thinking about going home.
2．She didn’t dress_up and went to the party as she used to.
3．The two young lovers decided to marry in_secret,_and they did so the very next day.
4．Corn prices will remain high for months on_end.
5．During the war, Marco was the captain of a warship but was caught by the enemy and put_into_prison.
6．The traditional friendship between our two countries dates_back_to ancient days.
7．When I tried to lift the kettle, the handle came_off in my hand.
8．When I was wandering_around my campus, someone patted me on the shoulder.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Think of carnival, 1.and you think of crowds, costumes, and confusion. “Carnival” comes from two Latin words, 2.meaning (mean) “no more meat”. People saw Carnival as a last chance 3.to_have (have) fun at the end of the winter season.
The most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice. For weeks 4.on end, people wearing masks did what they wanted without 5.being_recognised (recognise), so that many crimes went unpunished.
The government realised this problem and made laws 6.to_solve (solve) it. Masks were banned 7.completely (complete). But in 8.the late 1970s the tradition was revived by students.
Today, carnival in Venice 9.is_celebrated (celebrate) for five days in February. As you wander through the streets, you see thousands of masks. However, nobody takes them off. If the masks come 10.off,_the magic is lost.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
晚饭后当朱莉娅(Julia)在家附近的小路上漫步(wander around)时，她想起了两年前的一次聚会。所有人都为这次盛大的聚会乔装打扮(dress up)，戴着各式面具。他们装作(pretend)互不相识，尽情享乐(have fun)。聚会直到午夜才结束(come to an end)。
When_Julia_was_wandering_around_the_path_near_her_home_after_supper,_she_thought_of_a_party_held_two_years_ago,_for_which_all_people_dressed_up,_wearing_different_masks._They_pretended_not_to_have_met_each_other_before,_having_fun_as_much_as_possible._The_party_didn’t_come_to_an_end_until_midnight.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
I met a man yesterday and didn’t get his name. Our meeting seemed to be __1__ by something unknown.
He was a(n) __2__ man. His hair was totally white and his back was bent. I didn’t see him at first. I decided to search for the owner __3__ I found a very worn and old wooden walking stick, which was hanging outside of a shopping cart. I looked around and __4__ out to a man who was walking away. I __5__ it was his. It was. And he returned __6__ to get it. A short distance cost him a long time.
I was in a friendly __7__ to start a conversation. That was when the story between us began. I stood outside the supermarket with him for 10 minutes just __8__. And that was all he wanted — to be heard and to __9__ his story. I stood there feeling his __10__ over losing his first wife during childbirth to his only son and later his joys of __11__ this son on his own as well as traveling the world. He __12__ found his true love and married a childhood sweetheart, his second wife. He is very __13__ that he has an intact (完整的) family now.
At the end of our talk, this man held my hands, looked me in the eye and __14__ thanked me. And then he __15__ and walked away.
As he walked away, a strong feeling __16__ me. And I seemed to hear a __17__ in my mind that told me he was peaceful now.
Strangers are never strangers __18__ you open your heart to them. Often they dress up like __19__， waiting to bless you or to be blessed.
Yesterday I was __20__ — An angel to this man, yet at the same time, blessed by him.
语篇解读：本文讲述了作者在超市外偶遇一位陌生老人并倾听他的故事，陌生老人对作者心存感激，从而引发作者的一番感慨——只要敞开心扉，愿意倾听，陌生人也可以变成朋友。
1．A.ranged B．arranged
C．made D．united
解析：选B 根据语境可知，作者遇见了一位老人，但不知道他的名字，他们的相遇就像冥冥之中被安排好的一样。故答案选“arranged”。
2．A.poor B．elderly
C．strong D．handsome
解析：选B 根据下文“His hair was totally white and his back was bent”可知这是一位年迈的老人。故答案选“elderly”。
3．A.before B．until
C．when D．but
解析：选C 当我发现一根拐杖时，我决定去找到它的主人。故答案选“when”。
4．A.went B．called
C．broke D．worked
解析：选B 作者看到一个老人就叫了他一声。故答案选“called”。
5．A.decided B．remembered
C．guessed D．suggested
解析：选C 根据语境可知，作者只是猜测那根拐杖是那位老人的，结果的确是。故答案选“guessed”。
6．A.casually B．angrily
C．proudly D．slowly
解析：选D 根据上下文，他已年迈，很短的一段路都费了他不少时间，所以是慢慢地走。故答案选“slowly”。
7．A.station B．situation
C．mood D．condition
解析：选C 根据下文可知，作者表现出乐意(有心情)与这位老人交谈的样子。故答案选“mood”。
8．A.listening B．watching
C．laughing D．speaking
解析：选A 根据下文“to be heard”等信息可知，全程我都是在倾听这位老人讲述自己的经历。故答案选“listening”。
9．A.remark B．share
C．announce D．report
解析：选B 根据上下文可知，这位老人所需要的就是被聆听和分享他的故事。故答案选“share”。
10．A.worry B．pain
C．nervousness D．trouble
解析：选B 根据下文可知，他的妻子在生下唯一的儿子之后就去世了，所以他很痛苦。故答案选“pain”。
11．A.bringing out B．taking
C．teaching D．bringing up
解析：选D 根据上下文可知，他的第一位妻子过世后，他在独自养育儿子的过程中也得到了快乐。故答案选“bringing up”。
12．A.rarely B．eventually
C．frequently D．slightly
解析：选B 根据语境可知，他最终得到了真爱。故答案选“eventually”。
13．A.surprised B．confident
C．positive D．satisfied
解析：选D 根据句意可知，他现在有了一个完整的家庭，所以感到很满足。故答案选“satisfied”。
14．A.curiously B．sincerely
C．profoundly D．hurriedly
解析：选B 根据语境可知，谈话结束后，那位老人握着“我”的手，看着“我”的眼睛，真诚地感谢了“我”。故选“sincerely”。
15．A.came back B．turned back
C．stood back D．put back
解析：选B 根据句意，那位老人转身走了。turn back意为“转过身”；come back意为“回来”；stand back意为“后退”；put back意为“放回，推迟”。故答案选“turned back”。
16．A.came over B．came with
C．came through D．came across
解析：选A 根据句意，那位老人走后，一种强烈的感觉涌向“我”。come over意为“(一种强烈的情感突然)涌向我”。come with意为“伴随”；come through意为“经过”；come across意为“偶然遇见”。故答案为“came over”。
17．A.noise B．voice
C．song D．story
解析：选B 根据语境，“我”似乎听到有个声音告诉“我”，那位老人分享完他的故事后，内心得到了安宁。故答案为“voice”。
18．A.if B．unless
C．before D．though
解析：选A 根据语境可知，如果“我”们能敞开心扉，陌生人也能成为朋友。故答案为“if”。
19．A.strangers B．angels
C．friends D．ghosts
解析：选B 根据下文中的“Yesterday I was ... — An angel to this man”可知答案。
20．A.neither B．either
C．both D．all
解析：选C 根据上下文可知，昨天“我”既是这位老人的天使，同时，也得到了这位老人的祝福。故答案选“both”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
It is my son’s birthday two days ago. As I didn’t buy any gift for him, I gave him D|S10 for a birthday gift. Last night he used it take his cousin out for ice cream. It was turned out that these two kids were the last one in the shop for the day. So the cashier who wanted to finish her job quick told them their ice cream was free! They were exciting to hear it. Then I asked my son why he did with the money. To my joyful, he said that he gave it to the homeless man.
答案：第一句：is→was
第二句：for→as
第三句：take前加to
第四句：去掉was; one→ones
第五句：quick→quickly
第六句：exciting→excited
第七句：why→what
第八句：joyful→joy; the→a
PAGE
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Section Ⅲ Grammar— 复习被动语态
?语法图解
?探究发现
①Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes.
②They were put into prison because they had broken the law.
③Today, carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February.
④I think the problem can be solved soon.
⑤English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.
⑥Cars will be sent abroad by sea.
⑦He said all the task had been finished by last week.
⑧This kind of clothes washes easily and sells well.
[我的发现]
(1)找出①～⑦句中的被动语态结构
①are_booked ②were_put_into_prison
③is_celebrated ④can_be_solved
⑤are_being_broadcast ⑥will_be_sent
⑦had_been_finished
(2)以上句子中，⑧句是用主动形式表示被动意义。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象。一般来说，只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态，不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态。
使用被动语态的情况
Mr White, the cup with mixture was broken after class.
怀特老师，那个装有混合液的杯子课后被打破了。
The novel was written by a high school student.
这部小说是由一个高中生写的。
[巧学助记]
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。
动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。
二、各种时态的被动语态形式
时态名称 被动语态形式
一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词
一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词
一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋过去分词
过去将来时 would＋be＋过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词
过去进行时 was/were＋being＋过去分词
现在完成时 have/has＋been＋过去分词
过去完成时 had＋been＋过去分词
[即时演练1] 用所给动词的被动语态形式填空
①(2017·北京高考改编)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadn’t_been_invented (not, invent) yet.
②(2016·四川高考)The giant panda is_loved (love) by people throughout the world.
③(2015·福建高考改编)To my delight, I was_chosen (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
④This kind of chocolate has_been_made (make) several times so far.
⑤More students will_be_admitted (admit) to this university next year.
⑥A new road is_being_built (build) and is expected to open next month.
三、被动语态的特殊形式
1．含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”。
She should be taught how to operate the computer.
应该教给她如何操作电脑。
2．“get＋动词的过去分词”是被动语态的变形，强调结果。
The boy got hurt when he was riding to school.
那个男孩子骑车上学时受伤了。
3．动词不定式的被动语态
The book is said to be published soon.
据说这本书很快就会出版。
He seemed to have been told the bad news.
看起来已有人告诉过他这个坏消息了。
[即时演练2] 完成句子
①All the letters should_be_answered immediately.
所有信件均应立刻回复。
②The operation must_be_done at once.
必须马上做手术。
③Nobody got_hurt/injured in the accident.
没有人在这次事故中受伤。
④The computer seems to_have_been_used already. Can you give me a new one?
这台电脑好像已经被用过。你能给我一台新的吗？
四、主动形式表达被动意义
1．动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, seem, turn, fall, grow, keep, go, stay作系动词时，后跟名词或形容词作表语，表示主语的特点，此时用主动形式表达被动意义。
The building looks very beautiful.
这栋建筑看上去很美。
2．表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, open, stop, move等，用主动形式表达被动意义。
The shop opens at 8：00 in the morning every day.
商店每天上午八点开始营业。
3．表示主语属性、特性的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, lock等，用主动形式表达被动意义。
The new book of Guo Jingming sells well.
郭敬明的新书卖得很好。
4．be worth 后跟动名词形式，用主动形式表达被动含义；need, want, require 等词表示“需要……”，且物作主语时，后接 doing, 用主动形式表达被动含义，相当于 to be done。
The movie is worth seeing.
这部影片值得一看。
The rumour needs clarifying/to be clarified.
谣言需要澄清。
5．be to blame 或 be to let 也是主动形式表示被动意义。
He is to blame for the broken window.
因为打破了窗户他应该受到责备。
6．在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义；动词不定式在名词后作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，且和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
这种水不适合饮用。
I’ll give you something to read.
我将给你一些东西读。
[即时演练3]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①I have a lot of readings to_complete (complete) before the end of this term.
②In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to_deal (deal) with.
③With so much work to_do (do), I have no time to go to the cinema.
④The problem is worth discussing (discuss) again.
⑤The soup tastes (taste) a little sour and a little sweet.
(2)完成句子
①That driver was_to_blame for the accident.
那位司机应对此事故负责。
②The house needs repairing/to_be_repaired.
这座房子需要修理。
③He isn’t easy to_get_along_with.
他不易相处。
④The cloth washes_easily.
这布很好洗。
⑤The material feels_very_soft.
这种材料摸起来很软。
五、主动语态变成被动语态
1．将主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语，谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态，其后可接by介词短语，by后面是动作的发出者(有时by短语可以省略)。
The teacher asked him to answer the question.
老师让他回答问题。(变成被动语态)
→He was asked to answer the question by the teacher.
2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为“疑问词＋一般疑问句”。
Where did they grow vegetables?
他们在哪儿种菜？(变成被动语态)
→Where were vegetables grown by them?
3．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
一是将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)保持不变；
二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
He told us a story.
他给我们讲了一个故事。(变成被动语态)
→We were told a story by him.
＝ A story was told to us by him.
Her mother bought her a computer.
她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。(变成被动语态)
→A computer was bought for her by her mother.
＝ She was bought a computer by her mother.
4．若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语，在变为被动语态时，要将动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。
She will take good care of the children.
她将会照顾好这些孩子。(变成被动语态)
→The children will be taken good care of by her.
[即时演练4] 将下列句子改为被动句
①You must switch on the light when you enter the room.
→The_light_must_be_switched_on_when_you_enter_the_room.
②The boy made Jenny help work out the problem.
→Jenny_was_made_to_help_work_out_the_problem_by_the_boy.
③France produces a great deal of wine for export.
→A_great_deal_of_wine_is_produced_by_France_for_export.
④The boy’s good behaviour deeply impressed me.
→I_was_deeply_impressed_by_the_boy’s_good_behaviour.
⑤We expect you to finish the work in time.
→You_are_expected_to_finish_the_work_in_time_by_us.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．English is_spoken (speak) all over the world, so it is called the universal language.
2．The organization was_founded (found) by the government three years ago to help those homeless people.
3．Large quantities of money have_been_spent (spend) in searching for a cure for this terrible disease so far.
4．Over the past few years, a large number of houses have_been_built (build) for the low?income families.
5．An English talk about how to learn English well will_be_given (give) this Saturday. Would you like to listen to it?
6．The noodles which had_been_kept (keep) in the kitchen cupboard didn’t go bad.
7．—Why is Robert absent from school today?
—Oh, he got injured and is_being_treated (treat) for injuries in hospital now.
8．The car which is under repair belongs (belong) to Mr Green.
9．The Mid?Autumn Festival is_celebrated (celebrate) on August 15th in Chinese lunar calendar.
10．I have bought two ball pens, but neither of them writes (write) well.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．So far nothing has_been_made_clear about the meeting.
到目前为止，有关会议的事情一点也没明确。
2．Those villages are so small that they can’t_be_shown on the maps.
那些村子太小不可能标在地图上。
3．The problem is easy_to_solve with his help.
在他的帮助下，这个问题很容易解决。
4．The number of deaths from heart disease will_be_reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruits and vegetables.
如果人们被说服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。
5．The fields around us looked_like a golden sea when we were in the countryside.
当我们到乡下时，我们周围的田野看起来像金色的海洋。
6．In big cities, cleaning women usually get_paid_by_the_hour.
在大城市，女清洁工通常按小时得到报酬。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Last summer, my family went to Paris to see my relatives that we hadn’t seen them for over 7 years. We left with my dad because he had to work. The flight was very bored. After about three and the half hours, we finally arrived. One of my uncle picked us up at the airport and drove us to his house, when we had a big dinner. During the next few days, we invited to other relatives’ houses to eat. Also, we went through the Louvre, the museum of art to enjoy the Mona Lisa. There were so many people that I nearly got losing. In a word, the trip was very interesting and I look forward to go there again.
答案：第一句：去掉them
第二句：with→without
第三句：bored→boring
第四句：the→a
第五句：uncle→uncles; when→where
第六句：invited前加were
第七句：through→to
第八句：losing→lost
第九句：go→going
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Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
[原文呈现]
The Meaning of Carnival
Carnival today is an international, multicultural① experience②. But how did it become so? To understand what carnival is all about③， we need to look at the history of America and the meeting of two cultures — European and African.
The arrival of Europeans in America, and the opening of huge farms and plantations④ to grow cotton, fruit and vegetables, meant there was an immediate need⑤ for people to work on them⑥. This marked⑦ the beginning of the slave trade⑧. For more than two hundred years, until the beginning of the 19th century, when the trade was finally stopped, millions of people were taken by force⑨ from their homes in Africa and transported to the New World to work as slaves. Six million were taken to the Caribbean islands where? there were British and French landowners?.
[读文清障]
①multicultural/?m?lti'k?lt??r?l/adj.多元文化的；跨文化的
②experience n. 作“体验，经历”讲时，是可数名词；作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词。
③动词不定式短语 To understand ... 作目的状语。 what carnival is all about 为宾语从句。
④plantation/plɑ?n'teI?n/n.农庄；庄园
⑤an immediate need 急需
⑥The arrival ...on them.中，主语是 the arrival ... and the opening ..., 谓语是 meant, 宾语是 there be 结构，注意 there 前省略了引导宾语从句的 that。
⑦mark/mɑ?k/vt.标志(着)
⑧trade/treId/n.贸易
⑨be taken by force 被强行带走，注意其前 when 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the 19th century。
⑩transport/tr?ns'p??t/vt.运输；运送
?where ...为定语从句，修饰 the Caribbean islands。
?landowner/'l?nd???n?/n.地主；土地拥有者
狂欢节的意义
[第1～2段译文]
今天的狂欢节是一个国际性的、多元文化的节日。但是它是怎么变成这样的呢？为了了解狂欢节的全部意义所在，我们需要看一看美国的历史以及两种文化的混合——欧洲文化和非洲文化。
欧洲人到了美洲，开辟了栽种棉花、水果和蔬菜的大农场与大种植园，这意味着急需干活的人手。这标志着奴隶贸易的开始。200多年以来，成千上万的人被迫离开非洲老家，被运送到新大陆做奴隶，直到19世纪初期，奴隶贸易最终被禁止。600万人被带到加勒比海的岛屿去，那里有英国和法国的地主。
Naturally?， the Europeans also imported? their own festivals. So the slaves were forced to watch? as their masters? celebrated carnival with food, drink, and masked dances. In Trinidad?， the slaves began to hold their own carnival celebrations: they painted their faces white?， imitating their masters and making fun of? them?. But at the same time they were continuing their own African traditions — such as walking round a village wearing masks and singing — a custom which they thought would bring good luck.
?naturally adv.自然地，常作评注性状语。
?import/Im'p??t/vt.引进；进口
?be forced to do＝be forced into doing被迫做……
?master/'mɑ?st?/n.主人
?Trinidad/'trInId?d/特立尼达岛
?paint ... white 把……涂白
?make fun of 取笑
?现在分词短语 imitating ... and making ... 作伴随状语。
at the same time 同时
continue ... tradition(s) 保留……传统
which they thought would bring good luck 为定语从句，修饰 a custom。其中 they thought 为插入语。
bring good luck 带来好运
[第3段译文]
自然地，欧洲人也带去了他们自己的节日。所以当奴隶主用食物、饮料、戴面具的舞蹈来庆祝狂欢节时，奴隶们被迫观看。在特立尼达岛，奴隶们开始举行他们自己的狂欢节庆祝活动：他们把脸涂白，模仿他们的主人来取笑他们。但是同时他们一直保留着他们自己的非洲传统——例如戴着面具边绕村庄走边唱歌——一种他们认为会带来好运的传统。
When the slave trade was abolished in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival. It became more colourful and more exciting than it had been before. Magnificent costumes were made and musical bands created. Carnival became a celebration of freedom.
With the passing of time, the white inhabitants of the island began to take part in the carnival, too — and they were welcomed by their former slaves. Carnival became a way to unite different communities， as people forgot their everyday problems and enjoyed themselves eating, drinking, and dancing. Today, visitors from all over the world come to this small state in the Caribbean to join in the fun. Carnival has become a celebration of life itself.
abolish/?'b?lI?/vt.废除
take over 承袭，接管，接任
more colourful ...为比较状语从句，由 than 引导。
magnificent/m?g'nIfIsnt/adj.华丽的；富丽堂皇的
celebration/?sel?'breI?n/n.庆典；庆祝
in celebration of 庆祝，祝贺
freedom/'fri?d?m/n.自由
be welcomed by 受……欢迎
动词不定式 to unite different communities 作后置定语，修饰 way。
unite/ju?'naIt/vt.联合
community n．人群，团体
as people forgot their everyday ... and dancing 为原因状语从句，而 eating, drinking, and dancing 是现在分词作伴随状语。
join in 加入，参加
[第4～5段译文]
当奴隶贸易在1838年被废除时，原先的奴隶们把狂欢节保留了下来。它变得比以前更加丰富多彩和令人兴奋。人们制作了华丽的服装并创立了乐队。狂欢节成为了对自由的庆祝。,随着时间的推移，岛上的白人居民也开始加入到狂欢节中——他们受到了他们先前的奴隶们的欢迎。狂欢节成为了团结不同人群的一种方式，因为人们忘记了他们平时的种种问题，在吃、喝和跳舞中享受着快乐。今天，来自世界各地的游客来到加勒比海的这个小州体验快乐。狂欢节已经成为一种对生活本身的庆祝。
Step 1 Read the text and answer the following questions.
1．Carnival today is an international, multicultural experience. What is carnival all about? Please list at least 3 items to show what it is. (no more than 15 words)
A_celebration_of_freedom,_a_way_to_unite_different_communities,_a_celebration_of_life.
2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3？(no more than 5 words)
The_origin_of_carnival.
3．What were people like at carnivals？(no more than 15 words)
They_forgot_their_everyday_problems_and_enjoyed_themselves_eating,_drinking,_and_dancing.
Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the text.
1．Which of the following about carnival today is RIGHT?
A．It is celebrated only in Venice.
B．It has a long history more than 10 years.
C．After carnival people will celebrate the New Year.
D．It is an international and multicultural experience.
2．Where did the slaves come from?
A．They came from Italy.
B．They came from Venice.
C．They came from their homes in Africa.
D．They came from Brazil.
3．Which of the following is NOT the way that the slaves hold their celebrations?
A．They painted their faces white.
B．They imitated their masters.
C．They treated their masters as their family members.
D．They made fun of their masters.
4．What did the white inhabitants do?
A．They began to take part in the carnival, too.
B．They ordered the slaves to stop celebrations.
C．They weren’t welcomed by the slaves.
D．They took part in the celebration of their freedom.
答案：1～4 DCCA
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.whistle n． 哨子 2.multicultural adj. 多元文化的；跨文化的 3.mark vt. 标志(着) 4.trade n. 贸易 5.import vt. 引进；进口 6.abolish vt. 废除 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.relaxing adj.使人放松的→relaxed adj.感到放松的→relax vt.(使)放松→relaxation n．消遣，娱乐；放松 2.tasty adj.美味可口的→taste vt.& vi.品尝，尝起来 n．味道 3.transport vt.运输；运送→transportation n．运输 4.celebration n．庆典；庆祝→celebrate v．庆祝 5.freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的 6.unite vt.联合→united adj.联合的→union n．联盟；联合 7.origin n．起源→original adj.原始的；最初的 1.calendar n．日历；月历[词块] ①the solar calendar阳历 ②the lunar calendar阴历 2.flour n．面粉 [同音] flower n．花 3.multicultural adj.多元文化的；跨文化的 [记法] multi?为前缀，表示“众多的；多样的” [联想] multi?前缀词小结①multimedia n．多媒体 ②multiform adj.多种形式的 ③multiracial adj.多种族的 4.mark vt.标志(着)；用记号标明；留痕迹于；批阅 n．痕迹；污点；记号；分数 [联想] remark n．& v．评论 [词块] ①full marks满分 ②question mark问号 ③mark papers给试卷评分 5.transport vt.运输；运送 [记法] trans?(改变，转移)＋port(港口)→transport [联想] ①trans?＋plant(种)→transplant移植②trans?＋form(外形)→transform改变
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语 多积常用词块
1.consist of 由……组成；由……构成 2．as well as 除……之外还…… 3．pay attention to 注意 4．compare ...with ... 把……与……作比较 5．give up 放弃 6．go wild about 对……狂热 7．more or less 大约；或多或少 8．make fun of 取笑 9．at the same time 同时 10．take over 接管 1.enjoy oneself 过得快活 2．have a good time 玩得高兴 3．all over the world 遍布全世界 4．play all types of music 弹奏各种音乐 5．have a coffee 喝咖啡 6．an Internet café 网吧 7．the meeting of two cultures 两种文化的交汇 8．bring good luck 带来好运 9．musical band 乐队 10．with the passing of time 随着时间的流逝
三、这样记句式
先背熟 再悟通 后仿用
1.If possible, record yourself as you speak, and compare your version with the original. 如果可能的话，录下你自己的发音，并把你的和原声版本相比较。 if possible为状语从句的省略， if后省略了it is。 If_possible,_try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. 如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。
2.I’d rather have something with chocolate. 我宁愿吃一些带有巧克力的食品。 would rather do sth.表示“宁愿做某事”。 Iwould_rather_do_some_reading at home on Sundays. 星期天我倒宁愿待在家里读点书。
3....meant there was an immediate need for people to work on them. ……这意味着急需干活的人手。 There is/was ...need (for sb.) to do sth.意为“需要某人做某事”。 As the campus is small, there_is_a_need to restrict the number of students. 由于校园小，有必要限制学生的人数。
1．(教材P35)a food that consists of a tube of skin containing meat mixed with herbs
一种把带有香料的肉灌进肠里的食物
?consist of (＝be made up of)由……组成；由……构成
consist of ＝ be made up of ＝ be composed of
由……组成/构成
consist in ＝ lie in 在于，存在于
consist with 符合；与……一致
①(2015·浙江高考)Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
因此，聆听是一种积极主动的行为，而不是被动接受，它包括听、理解和记忆。
②The beauty of the picture consists in its balance of colours.
这幅画的美在于其色彩的协调。
③The politician’s actions do not consist with the promises in his speech.
这个政治家的所作所为与他在演讲中的承诺并不一致。
[语境串记] Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle.
生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。
[名师点津] consist of一般用表示整体概念的词作主语，表示“整体由部分组成”，该短语没有被动语态和进行时态。
2．(教材P38)In fact, there aren’t any spectators — everybody who is here is part of the celebrations.
事实上，这里根本就没有观众——这里的每个人都是节日庆典的一部分。
?celebration n．[C]庆典；庆祝，庆祝会
(1)in celebration of 为了庆祝……
hold a celebration 举行一个庆祝活动
(2)celebrate v. 庆祝
①We will hold a celebration for our motherland on National Day.
我们要在国庆节为我们的祖国举行庆典活动。
②They hold a party in celebration of their victory.
他们举行晚会以庆祝胜利。
③We celebrated_the_New_Year with a dance party last year.
去年我们举行跳舞晚会庆祝新年。
[辨析比较] celebrate, congratulate
celebrate 指以行动(如送礼、聚会等)来庆祝生日、节日等，一般指祝贺某件事情
congratulate 指对个人经过努力获得成功的祝贺，以言语表达祝贺之意，一般是祝贺某人
选用以上单词填空
④Today is his birthday, so we’re going to celebrate.
⑤I congratulate you on your great discovery.
3．(教材P38)Calypso is great — it’s exciting and relaxing at the same time!
卡里普索队是很棒的——它既让人兴奋又使人放松！
?relaxing adj.使人放松的；轻松的(一般修饰物)
relax vt. (使)放松
relaxation n. 放松；消遣，娱乐
relaxed adj. 放松的，轻松的，冷静的(一般修饰人)
①(2016·北京高考)I really enjoy listening to music because it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
我真的喜欢听音乐，因为听音乐能帮助我放松，并且让我免受一天中其他的纷扰。
②I find stamp collecting relaxing (relax) and it takes my mind off my work.
我觉得集邮使人放松，它可以使我的注意力从工作中转移开来。
③Take a deep breath, and you will feel relaxed (relax)．
深深地吸一口气，那样你会觉得轻松。
④Try to keep a balance between work and relaxation (relax)．
尽量保持工作与休闲娱乐之间的平衡。
[巧学助记] 一言巧记relax家族
I find swimming relaxing, so swimming is my favorite relaxation and in fact I do feel relaxed after swimming.
我发现游泳能使人放松，所以游泳是我最喜欢的休闲娱乐方式，事实上游泳后我的确感到轻松。
4．(教材P39)This marked the beginning of the slave trade.
这标志着奴隶贸易的开始。
?mark vt.标志着；做记号；评分 n．分数；标志；斑点
[一词多义] 写出下列句中mark的词性及含义
①Prices are marked on the goods.v.做记号
②His death marked the end of an era.v.标志着
③I have twenty essays to mark tonight.v.评分
④Who made these dirty marks on my new book？n.斑点
⑤She got 80 marks out of 100 for geography.n.分数
⑥Politeness is a mark of civilization.n.标志
(1)mark ...on ... 在……上标记……
mark ...with ... 用……标记……
(2)get a low/high mark 得低/高分
get full marks 得满分
make a mark 做记号
⑦Mark the place with a cross on the map.
在地图上用十字标出这个地方。
⑧Prices are marked on the goods.
价格标在商品上。
⑨Mary got_a_good_mark in maths but she got_a_poor_mark in English.
玛丽数学获得高分但英语获得低分。
?trade n．贸易 vi.& vt.做生意；交易，交换
trade in ... 做……生意
trade with sb. 与某人进行贸易
trade ...for ... 以……换……
①Trade is always good over the Christmas period.
圣诞节期间生意一向很好。
②Early explorers traded directly with the Indians.
早期的探险者与印第安人直接进行交易。
③The famous company trades in furniture.
这家著名的公司做家具生意。
5．(教材P39)When the slave trade was abolished in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival.
当奴隶贸易在1838年被废除时，原先的奴隶们把狂欢节保留了下来。
?take over接管，接收，接替，控制
take in 欺骗；吸入；包括；理解；领会
take off 脱掉；起飞；(事业)成功
take on 呈现；承担(工作、责任等)
take place 发生
take up 占据；开始从事；继续
①Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives.
科学技术是对我们有帮助的，但我们决不允许它来控制我们的生活。
②Be cautious, or you will be taken_in by the false advertising.
谨慎点，否则你会被虚假广告欺骗的。
③His career took_off at last.
他的事业最终成功了。
④I’m sorry to have taken_up so much of your valuable time.
占用了你那么多宝贵时间，真抱歉。
1．If possible, record yourself as you speak, and compare your version with the original.
如果可能的话，录下你自己的发音，并把你的和原声版本相比较。
if possible表示“如果可能的话”，是一个省略句，等于if it is (was) possible。
①I would prefer to go out for a picnic, if possible.
如果可能的话，我更乐意外出野餐。
②I would like to make a phone call, if possible.
如果可能的话，我想打个电话。
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有过的话
if any 如果有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
③Have you got a free evening next week? If_so,_let’s have dinner.
下周你哪个晚上有空？要是有空，我们一块吃晚饭吧。
④Correct the errors in the following sentences, if_any.
如果下列句子中有错，请改正。
2．I’d rather have something with chocolate.
我宁愿吃一些带有巧克力的食品。
本句中的would rather表示“宁愿”，其常见用法如下：
(1)would rather do表示“宁可做，宁愿做”。
①I would rather have some tea, if you do not mind.
如果你不介意的话我宁愿喝茶。
(2)would rather do ...than do ... 或would do ... rather than do ...意为“宁愿……也不愿……；与其……倒不如……”。
②She would walk there rather than take a bus.
＝She would rather walk there than take (take) a bus.
她宁愿步行去那儿，也不愿意坐汽车去。
(3)would rather后也可跟从句，这时从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在和将来的愿望；用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。
③I’d rather you met (meet) her at the airport tomorrow morning.
我希望你明天早上能在机场接她。
④I’d rather you hadn’t_told (not, tell) him the news that day.
我真希望你那天没有把那消息告诉他。
3．...meant there was an immediate need for people to work on them.
……这意味着急需干活的人手。
There is/was ...need (for sb.) to do sth.意为“需要某人做某事”。
①There is a great need for Jim to deal with the problem.
很需要吉姆处理这个问题。
There is no possibility to do sth. 没有可能做某事
There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……
There is no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事
There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.
做某事没有意义
②There is no need for you to_worry (worry) about it.
你没必要为此担心。
③There_is_no_doubt_that our team will win the game.
毫无疑问我们队会赢得比赛。
④There is no point in advising (advise) him to change his mind.
劝说他改变主意是毫无意义的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As we all know, soft music can make you relaxed (relax)．
2．The party was held in celebration of the couple’s silver wedding.
3．On the way we’ll get out to stretch our legs and my son will take over the driving.
4．China has been trading with India for many years.
5．The United Nations Organization consists of over 160 nations.
6．Time flying, his face is_marked (mark) with deep wrinkles.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I want to avoid the rush hour traffic, if_possible (如果可能的话)．
2．There_is_an_immediate_need_for_the_government_to_take_steps (急需政府采取措施) to stop the rising prices.
3．I_would_rather_you_began (我希望你开始) to do the work at once by yourself.
4．There_is_no_doubt_that (毫无疑问) our experiment will succeed.
5．I’ll trade_my_camera_for (用我的相机交换) your drill.
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.根据汉语或首字母提示拼写单词
1．They had to travel into the town to trade (做……的买卖) the product from their farm.
2．The earth was here long before the origin (起源) of the human species.
3．The passage pointed out that all the countries united (联合) to fight global recession.
4．This kind of apple is more expensive because they are imported (进口) from abroad.
5．The Rio Grande marks (标志着) the border between Mexico and the USA.
6．Do something relaxing (使人放松的) before going to bed — read a book, or take a hot bath.
7．African people were fighting for the freedom and independence of their countries.
8．The seeds are transported by the wind.
9．We gathered for the celebration of her birthday.
10．Your habit of smoking should be abolished.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It is no doubt that he is one of the top students in our class.It→There
2．The old man would rather stay indoors than to go out for a walk every day.去掉to
3．As far as I’m concerned, sweet music is relaxed for most people.relaxed→relaxing
4．I think there’s a train at midday.If some, you’ll have to wait till 12：30.some→any
5．The flat consists in a living room, a kitchen, a bathroom and two bedrooms.in→of
6．You are wasting your words. There is no point of persuading him, for he never changes his mind.of→in或去掉of
Ⅲ.选词填空
1.When he was young, he went_wild_about playing basketball.
2．I’ve more_or_less finished reading the book.
3．He has given_up smoking.
4．In fact, he took_over my job while I was on holiday.
5．The medical team consists_of five doctors and ten nurses.
6．Let’s hold a ball in_celebration_of his success.
7．They tried to put down the rebellion (叛乱) by_force.
8．Do you feel_like going to the pub with me tonight?
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Tom found a hiding place in the trees to keep himself hidden from his friends.(hide)
2．Everyone hopes that the boring discussion can come to an end as soon as possible.
3．If appearance did not count, why would people dress up for such interviews?
4．Most people are familiar with the idea that matter consists of very small atoms.
5．This museum is built in memory of the great author, Lu Xun.
6．The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to_understand (understand)．
7．I can’t believe that he got full marks (mark) in his midterm exams.
8．Having worked hard for many years, his career took off at last.
9．There were lively New Year celebrations (celebrate) all over the town.
10．Travelling by train is more relaxing (relax) than driving.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It was an immediate need to inform the boss of the absence of some clerks.It→There
2．A year after graduation, he offered a position teaching a writing class.offered前加was
3．The football team consisted of 20 players was defeated last week.consisted→consisting
4．I would rather you told me the truth yesterday.told前加had
5．Taking care, or you will be in danger.Taking→Take
6．It’s said that the old temple dated back to the Ming Dynasty.dated→dates
7．It’s reported that Guo Jingming’s new book will be come out next month.去掉be
8．The silk bought in the shop was felt softer.去掉was
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Songkran, also called Water Festival, is the Thai New Year’s festival which starts on April 13th every year and lasts for 3 days. April 13th is Maha Songkran Day or the day to mark the end of the old year. April 14th is Wan Nao which is the day after and April 15th is Wan Thaloeng Sok when the New Year begins. At this time, people from the countries who are working in the city usually return home to celebrate the festival. The festival is also for rain because it is the hottest season in Thailand and they expect a better harvest.
The Songkran celebration is rich with symbolic customs. Mornings begin with visiting local temples and offering food to the Buddhist monks (僧人). On this special occasion, performing water pouring on Buddha statues is considered a tradition for this holiday. During the festival, people who have moved away usually return home to their loved ones and elders no matter how far away they are living. As a way to show respect, younger people often practice water pouring over the palms of elders’ hands. Paying respect to ancestors is also an important part of Songkran tradition. During the festival, people also do some things such as releasing (释放) fish or birds and other animals from their cages, which shows that they try to be kind.
The holiday is known for its water festival which is mostly celebrated by young people. Major streets are closed to traffic, improving the traffic conditions at the moment, and the streets are used for water fights. People, young and old, take part in this tradition by pouring water on each other. People who get wet actually don’t get furious. On the contrary, they will feel happy because they know it represents washing away of their bad luck. In addition, traditional parades are held in some places where participants are clothed in traditional Thai dress.
Songkran festival is also celebrated yearly by Thai people living in foreign countries all over the world. No matter where they are, they will never abandon this tradition.
语篇解读：在泰国，宋干节又称为“泼水节”，在节日期间，人们举行各种各样的活动来庆祝。
1．What can we know about Songkran Festival?
A．It is only celebrated by the young.
B．It is considered a symbol of a new year.
C．It is also a traditional festival all over the world.
D．It is only celebrated in the Thai countryside.
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第一段中的“and April 15th is Wan Thaloeng Sok when the New Year begins”可知，宋干节在泰国标志着新年的开始。
2．During Songkran Festival, the Thai people ________.
A．will have a shower to wash away their bad luck
B．wish for a warm season
C．visit temples and ask monks for help
D．set animals free to show their kindness
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“During the festival, people also some things such as releasing(释放) fish or birds and other animals from their cages, which shows that they try to be kind.”可知，泰国人在宋干节期间会释放一些动物，来证明自己想成为一个善良的人。
3．What does the underlined word “furious” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Confused. B．Cross.
C．Stressful. D．Delighted.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“On the contrary, they will feel happy because they know it represents washing away of their bad luck.”可推测，画线词在此处意为“生气的”。这道题同时考查了cross一词的熟词生义。
4．What does the writer think of Songkran Festival?
A．It brings people wealth.
B．It makes people’s life better.
C．It is a festival of family get?together.
D．It improves traffic conditions in the long term.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“During the festival, people who have moved away usually return home to their loved ones and elders no matter how far away they are living.”可知，在宋干节期间，无论人们离家多远，都会回来和家人一起庆祝这一节日。所以，宋干节也是一个家人团聚的节日。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Jack Mook is a police detective in Pittsburgh. He is a person who loved the single life, __1__ (do) what he wanted while he was not at work. He often went to the gym, where he boxed (拳击) and volunteered to teach kids boxing. He became __2__ (particular) close to two brothers, who came almost every week for several years to learn __3__ Mook.
One day, they just __4__ (stop) showing up, and Mook knew something was wrong. Mook found the older brother Josh at his school; he was __5__ (worry) when the boy explained the conditions under __6__ he and his brother lived at his foster parents’ (养父母) house. The boy asked if Mook could foster him and his brother. Mook immediately made up his mind to bring up the boys. This was a very good __7__ (decide) not only for the boys but also for Mook __8__ (he)．
Mook says the boys have changed his life. __9__ man who was single back then is now not only the dad of two teenagers, but he’s also happily married and has three step?children. That’s because after his big?hearted story spread on the Internet, women were lining up __10__ (meet) and marry this ordinary superhero.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.doing 2.particularly 3.from 4.stopped
5．worried 6.which 7.decision 8.himself 9.The 10. to meet
PAGE
1
Section Writing—介绍节日
本模块的写作任务要求以电子邮件的形式介绍节日。介绍节日时要注意讲明其日期及参与庆祝的人员。描述节日的气氛要具有感染力，有时还需阐发自己的感受，以让读者感同身受。
一、基本内容
因不同的节日具有不同的风俗及特点，介绍节日时一般应包括以下内容：
1．节日的名称和日期；
2．节日的起源；
3．节日的习俗，一般包括节日饮食、人们的活动等；
4．节日的意义，可包括节日的传统地位及其现实意义等。
二、注意事项
1．对节日进行介绍时，一般采用说明文的体裁，要说明所要介绍的节日的日期、主题、起源、庆祝方式、活动内容、文化内涵等，常用一般现在时态。
2．文章结构要清晰，逻辑性要强；句式结构不宜过于复杂，要吸引读者的注意。
3．语言方面以说明性文字为主，写作时，可适当地多选用形容词和副词来丰富语言，并以描写的手法来做具体说明，可使描写更加生动、说明更加形象、节日的特征及活动更加鲜明。
三、增分佳句
1．The Chinese Duanwu Festival, also known as the Dragon Boat Festival, is one of the most significant traditional Chinese festivals.
端午节，也叫做龙舟节，是中国最重要的传统节日之一。
2．Although Christmas is a western holiday, truly, I love it.
虽然圣诞节是一个西方的节日，但是我真的很喜欢它。
3．The festival is said to be in honour of Qu Yuan, a great poet, who gave his life for his country by drowning himself in a river.
这个节日据说是为了纪念伟大的诗人屈原而设立的，他为了他的祖国而投河自尽。
4．It falls on August 15th of the Chinese lunar calendar, when people of a family get together and enjoy the dinner together.
它定在中国阴历的8月15日，这是一个全家人团聚共进晚餐的时刻。
5．The whole family sit around a table to have a big dinner in the evening.
全家人围桌而坐，共进晚餐。
6．There are lots of dishes on the table, which are all tasty.
餐桌上有许多菜，都很美味。
7．It’s a day when the whole family reunite.
这是一个举家团圆的日子。
8．Today is fifteenth, August of lunar calendar. It’s the Mid?Autumn Festival, a most important Chinese festival.
今天是农历八月十五中秋节，一个非常重要的中国节日。
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你的笔友 Mike 发邮件想要了解一下中国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)。请你根据以下要点给他回一封邮件：
节日名称 端午节
时间 农历五月初五
典型食物 粽子
主要活动 赛龙舟
意义 纪念伟大诗人屈原
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：糯米glutinous rice 芦苇reed
金字塔形状的pyramid?shaped
Dear Mike，
How are you doing? I’m glad to have received your email. I will tell you something about the Dragon Boat Festival.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文要求写一篇介绍节日的说明文；
2．确定人称：以第三人称为主；
3．确定时态：以一般现在时为主。
二、构思
1．节日的名称和日期；
2．节日的起源；
3．节日的习俗，一般包括节日所吃的食物、人的活动等；
4．表达愿望。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．ancient 古代的
2．wrap 包裹
3．celebrate 庆祝
4．be_made_of 由……制成
5．in_memory_of 为了纪念
6．be_known/famous_for 因……而出名
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．龙舟节又称为端午节。(被动语态)
The_Dragon_Boat_Festival_is_also_called_the_Duanwu_Festival.
2．端午节在每年农历第五个月的第五天。(fall on)
The_Duanwu_Festival_falls_on_the_fifth_day_of_the_fifth_lunar_month_every_year.
3．大多数人说庆祝它是为了纪念屈原——中国古代一个伟大的诗人。(宾语从句；同位语)
Most_people_say_that_it_is_celebrated_in_memory_of_Qu_Yuan,_a_great_poet_in_ancient_China.
4．在那天，中国人民制作和吃粽子——由糯米、肉等制成的金字塔形状的包在芦苇叶里的饺子。(过去分词作后置定语)
On that day, Chinese people prepare and eat zongzi, a pyramid?shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice, meat and so on wrapped in reed leaves.
5．这个节日因赛龙舟而最出名，尤其是在河流和湖泊众多的中国南方。(where引导的定语从句)
The_festival_is_best_known_for_its_dragon_boat_races,_especially_in_southern_China_where_there_are_many_rivers_and_lakes.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用过去分词作定语连接句1和句2
The_Dragon_Boat_Festival,_also_called_the_Duanwu_Festival,_falls_on_the_fifth_day_of_the_fifth_lunar_month_every_year.
2．用when引导的定语从句升级句4
It_is_a_day_when_Chinese_people_prepare_and_eat_zongzi,_a_pyramid?shaped_dumpling_made_of_glutinous_rice,_meat_and_so_on_wrapped_in_reed_leaves.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Dear Mike，
How are you doing? I’m glad to have received your email. I will tell you something about the Dragon Boat Festival.
The_Dragon_Boat_Festival,_also_called_the_Duanwu_Festival,_falls_on_the_fifth_day_of_the_fifth_lunar_month_every_year._Most_people_say_that_it_is_celebrated_in_memory_of_Qu_Yuan,_a_great_poet_in_ancient_China._It_is_a_day_when_Chinese_people_prepare_and_eat_zongzi,_a_pyramid?shaped_dumpling_made_of_glutinous_rice,_meat_and_so_on_wrapped_in_reed_leaves._The_festival_is_best_known_for_its_dragon_boat_races,_especially_in_southern_China_where_there_are_many_rivers_and_lakes.
I_hope_you_can_come_and_celebrate_it_with_me_some_time_in_the_future.
Best_wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
1
单元加餐练（一）完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
All you will leave behind for the world to remember is your legacy (遗产), but what legacy will you leave? I had a philosophy (哲学) professor, whose untidy appearance was highlighted (突出) by a __1__ sport coat and poor?fitting thick glasses, which often __2__ on the tip of his nose. Every now and then, as most philosophy professors do, he would go off on one of those hard?to?understand “What’s the meaning of __3__” discussions. Many of those discussions went __4__， but there were a few that really hit home (切中要害). This was one of them.
“__5__ to the following questions by a __6__ of hands，” my professor instructed.
“How many of you can tell me something about your parents？” everyone’s hand __7__.
“How many of you can tell me something about your grandparents？” About three?fourths put up their hands.
“How many of you can tell me something about your great?grandparents？” Two out of sixty students __8__ their hands.
“Look around the room，” he said, “In just two short generations __9__ any of us even know __10__ our own great?grandparents were. Oh sure, maybe we have an old photograph in a musty (发霉的) cigar box. __11__ maybe we know the classic family __12__ about how one of them walked five miles to school barefoot. But how many of us __13__ know who they were, what they thought, what they took pride in, what they were afraid of, or what they dreamed about? Think about that. Within three generations our ancestors are all but forgotten. Will this __14__ to you？”
“Here’s a better question. Look __15__ three generations. You are long __16__. Instead of you sitting in this room, now it’s your great?grandchildren. What will they have to say __17__ you? Will they know about you? Or will you be __18__， too？”
“Is your life going to be a __19__ or an example? What legacy will you leave? The __20__ is yours. Class dismissed.”
Nobody rose from their seats for five minutes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他的哲学教授给学生上的一堂令人深思的哲学课。
1．A.well?designed B．well?worn
C．well?ironed D．well?cut
解析：选B 他的不修边幅突出表现在穿着一件“破旧的”运动服，戴着非常不合适的厚眼镜。well?worn“穿旧了的”。
2．A.ran B．stood
C．rested D．lay
解析：选C 眼睛经常是“搁在”鼻尖上。rest意为“使支撑在，使搁在……”。
3．A.life B．family
C．work D．study
解析：选A 由下文可知，是开展关于“生命”的意义的讨论。
4．A.somewhere B．anywhere
C．everywhere D．nowhere
解析：选D 很多这样的讨论都是走向了“毫无结果”。
5．A.Answer B．Respond
C．Contribute D．Relate
解析：选B 教授要求学生用举手来回答问题，respond to回答的意思，answer后面不需要用to，其他两个选项意义不相符。
6．A.show B．clap
C．touch D．rub
解析：选A 根据下文，老师希望学生举手“show”回答老师提出的问题，而不是通过拍手“clap”回答问题。
7．A.went down B．went up
C．went around D．went forward
解析：选B 每个人的手都举了起来。go up(上升，提高)符合语境。
8．A.rose B．arose
C．raised D．aroused
解析：选C rise“升起”，为不及物动词；raise“举起”，为及物动词；arise“出现”；arouse“唤起”。C项符合语境。
9．A.almost B．nearly
C．no D．hardly
解析：选D 仅仅隔了两代人，我们所有人都几乎不(hardly)知道我们的太祖父母是谁。
10．A.what B．where
C．which D．who
解析：选D 此处应填宾语从句的连接词。由上下文可知，选择who。
11．A.Or B．And
C．But D．So
解析：选A 根据上下文，对祖父母的了解仅限于一张发霉的照片或者是一个经典的家人熟悉的故事。
12．A.history B．story
C．tree D．song
解析：选B 根据下文，如何光着脚走五英里应该是关于太祖父母的一个故事。
13．A.simply B．roughly
C．generally D．really
解析：选D 根据句意应选择really。
14．A.happen B．belong
C．refer D．pass
解析：选A 句意“这样的事情会发生在你的身上吗？”happen to发生。
15．A.back B．ahead
C．for D．around
解析：选B 根据下文，哲学老师让大家想象三代后，大家的子孙想起自己时会说些什么，因此需要大家向前展望，因此选择ahead。
16．A.ready B．alive
C．gone D．lost
解析：选C gone作形容词使用，表示“消失了，不见了”，这里指三代过后，人已经不在了。
17．A.to B．for
C．behind D．about
解析：选D 根据句意，此处应表示“关于”。
18．A.forgotten B．remembered
C．respected D．scolded
解析：选A 根据上文“Within three generations our ancestors are all but forgotten.”可知此处应为“被忘记”。
19．A.learning B．meaning
C．warning D．turning
解析：选C 根据上下文，你的生活对后人来说是一个警醒还是一个榜样。or连接意义相反的两个词，此处应该选择warning，意思上与example相呼应。
20．A.way B．reason
C．explanation D．choice
解析：选D 根据上下文，此处的意思是“选择的权利在你自己的手中”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The custom of celebrating from the end of January until mid?February has long been popular in Quebec City, Canada. The first large Winter Carnival here, in the world’s snow capital, took place in 1894. Faced with winter’s hardships, the city’s population made this popular tradition into a winter celebration that warmed the hearts of all people.
Interrupted by two wars and then the economic crisis of 1929, the Carnival was held from time to time until the second half of the 20th century. In 1954, a group of business people restarted the festivities. That year, Bonhomme was born and was elected the event’s representative.
The next year, the first official Quebec Winter Carnival took place. The Carnival snowballed into a big event and was important for tourism and economic activity in the city.
From one winter to the next, the Carnival enriched its activity programme. They have since added even more popular activities, such as winter sports, snow sculptures (雕塑), and activities based on the traditional Quebec lifestyle, such as dogsled (狗拉雪橇) races. The Quebec Winter Carnival is the largest winter carnival in the world today, and is third on the list of Top Carnivals after the famous carnivals in Rio and New Orleans.
1960
The people living along Rue Sainte?Therese created many snow or ice sculptures, and this location became known as Carnival Street.
1964
The name of Bonhomme Carnival and his image became registered trademarks.
1970
A new tradition was born: closing the event with a firework display.
1975
A new activity, called The Break, was created, on Friday from noon till midnight. Many employers gave their employees time off so they could go dancing at the Quebec City Convention Centre. The event continued to be held until 1986, sometimes late into the night.
1977
Until 1991, the Carnival offered a children’s sculpture competition.
1987
The snow bath became part of the programme.
1999
Because of the importance of volunteers, the human resources department was created to improve organisation.
语篇解读：文章介绍了世界上最大的冬季嘉年华的历史。
1．We can know from the passage that Quebec City ________.
A．is very cold all year round
B．is known as the world’s snow capital
C．has the largest population in Canada
D．holds several carnivals each year
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第一段的第一、二句可知B项正确。
2．The first official Quebec Winter Carnival was held in ________.
A．1894 B．1895
C．1954 D．1955
解析：选D 细节理解题。从第二段的第二句和第三段第一句可知答案为D项。
3．In 1976, which of the following activities were held during the Quebec Winter Carnival?
①The snow bath.
②The Break.
③A children’s sculpture competition.
④A firework display at the end of the event.
A．①② B．①③
C．②④ D．①④
解析：选C 细节理解题。从1970和1975两段的描述中可知“The Break”和活动结束时放烟花的活动在1976年举行了。
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．History of the Quebec Winter Carnival
B．Welcome to the Quebec Winter Carnival
C．Activities During the Quebec Winter Carnival
D．Importance of the Quebec Winter Carnival
解析：选A 标题归纳题。文章前四段讲述了魁北克冬季嘉年华发展到现在的历程和现状，后面的部分重点介绍了历史上的重要事件，文章以“History of the Quebec Winter Carnival”为题最合适。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top __1__ (attract)．
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not?for?profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I __2__ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600?acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __3__ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back __4__ my days on a TV show in the mid?1980s, __5__ I was the first Western TV reporter __6__ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include __7__ (introduce) British visitors to the 120?plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three?month?old twin that had been rejected by __8__ (it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few __9__ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle?fed, __10__ other is with mum － she never suspects.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.attraction 2.was allowed 3.officially 4.to 5.then 6.permitted 7.introducing 8.its 9.days 10.the
Ⅱ.短文改错
I’m gladly to receive your novel. Thank you for such lovely a gift, for I had been expecting it for a long time. This novel offers to me more understanding of American society and daily life. I know you’re interesting in Chinese festivals, therefore I have chosen an album of paper?cutting for you. Paper?cutting is unique form of Chinese cultural relics, that is often used as a decoration for a joyful atmosphere. I hope it will bring happiness and lucks to your family as it always did in China.
I’m expecting you to come to China and experience the rich culture on person.
答案：第一句：gladly→glad
第二句：such→so; had→have
第三句：去掉to
第四句：interesting→interested
第五句：unique前加a; that→which
第六句：lucks→luck; did→does
第七句：on→in
Ⅲ.书面表达
中秋节即将到来，假定你是李华，你们班将举行中秋节庆祝晚会，你给你的美国朋友Julia写一封邮件邀请她来参加。内容包括：
1．时间和地点；
2．活动：品月饼、表演节目、赏月等。
3．提示：准备节目。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，
3．邮件的格式已给出，不计入总词数。
Hi, Julia，
Yours truly，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Hi, Julia，
As you know, the Mid?Autumn Festival is just around the corner. Our class plans to hold a Mid?Autumn Festival party. I’d like to invite you to join us.
The party will begin at 7：30 pm on the school playground, during which we will enjoy some performances, like cross talk and dance. There’s no doubt that we will taste various mooncakes with different kinds of fillings while admiring the full moon and watching the wonderful performances. As a foreign guest, I think you may be invited to give performances, so you’d better prepare ahead of time.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
PAGE
1
Module 4 Carnival
单元小结
Many countries have a traditional carnival, which isn’t a Christian festival. Today, carnival is an international multicultural experience. Most carnivals fall in February or March. The origins of carnivals are ancient. It dates back to Europe in the Middle Age. The most famous carnival in Europe is in Venice, where people can wear different costumes and masks, dressing themselves up as anyone, even ghost. They use masks and costumes to hide their real identities, pretend to be rich or poor men and do whatever they want in the confusion. At the beginning, carnival in Venice only lasted for one day, later it was extended. Because someone did bad things, carnival was banned and became just a memory for many people. Carnival wasn’t revived until the late of 1970s by some students. Every year, large numbers of visitors come to Venice to take part in the great parade. If you want to go there, you must book the hotel in advance. Wandering through the crowded streets, you can enjoy the mystery of the mask and feel very relaxed. It’s said that the masks have miraculous magic.,
许多国家都有一个传统的狂欢节，它不是一个基督教的节日。今天，狂欢节是一个国际性的多文化的体验。大多数狂欢节在2、3月份。它的起源很古老，可以追溯到中世纪的欧洲。欧洲最著名的狂欢节在威尼斯，人们可以穿着不同的化装服，戴着不同的面具，把自己化装成任何人，甚至是鬼。他们用化装服和面具掩盖他们的真实身份，假装是穷人或富人，趁着混乱做他们想做的任何事情。起初，威尼斯的狂欢节只持续一天，后来被延长了。因为有人做坏事，狂欢节曾被禁止过，仅仅成为很多人的回忆。直到20世纪70年代后期狂欢节才由一些学生恢复。每年，大量的游客来到威尼斯参加盛大的游行。如果你想去的话，你必须提前预订旅馆。漫步在拥挤的街道上，你可以享受面具的神秘，感到很轻松。据说面具具有神奇的魔力。
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
All you will leave behind for the world to remember is your legacy (遗产), but what legacy will you leave? I had a philosophy (哲学) professor, whose untidy appearance was highlighted (突出) by a __1__ sport coat and poor?fitting thick glasses, which often __2__ on the tip of his nose. Every now and then, as most philosophy professors do, he would go off on one of those hard?to?understand “What’s the meaning of __3__” discussions. Many of those discussions went __4__， but there were a few that really hit home (切中要害). This was one of them.
“__5__ to the following questions by a __6__ of hands，” my professor instructed.
“How many of you can tell me something about your parents？” everyone’s hand __7__.
“How many of you can tell me something about your grandparents？” About three?fourths put up their hands.
“How many of you can tell me something about your great?grandparents？” Two out of sixty students __8__ their hands.
“Look around the room，” he said, “In just two short generations __9__ any of us even know __10__ our own great?grandparents were. Oh sure, maybe we have an old photograph in a musty (发霉的) cigar box. __11__ maybe we know the classic family __12__ about how one of them walked five miles to school barefoot. But how many of us __13__ know who they were, what they thought, what they took pride in, what they were afraid of, or what they dreamed about? Think about that. Within three generations our ancestors are all but forgotten. Will this __14__ to you？”
“Here’s a better question. Look __15__ three generations. You are long __16__. Instead of you sitting in this room, now it’s your great?grandchildren. What will they have to say __17__ you? Will they know about you? Or will you be __18__， too？”
“Is your life going to be a __19__ or an example? What legacy will you leave? The __20__ is yours. Class dismissed.”
Nobody rose from their seats for five minutes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他的哲学教授给学生上的一堂令人深思的哲学课。
1．A.well?designed B．well?worn
C．well?ironed D．well?cut
解析：选B 他的不修边幅突出表现在穿着一件“破旧的”运动服，戴着非常不合适的厚眼镜。well?worn“穿旧了的”。
2．A.ran B．stood
C．rested D．lay
解析：选C 眼睛经常是“搁在”鼻尖上。rest意为“使支撑在，使搁在……”。
3．A.life B．family
C．work D．study
解析：选A 由下文可知，是开展关于“生命”的意义的讨论。
4．A.somewhere B．anywhere
C．everywhere D．nowhere
解析：选D 很多这样的讨论都是走向了“毫无结果”。
5．A.Answer B．Respond
C．Contribute D．Relate
解析：选B 教授要求学生用举手来回答问题，respond to回答的意思，answer后面不需要用to，其他两个选项意义不相符。
6．A.show B．clap
C．touch D．rub
解析：选A 根据下文，老师希望学生举手“show”回答老师提出的问题，而不是通过拍手“clap”回答问题。
7．A.went down B．went up
C．went around D．went forward
解析：选B 每个人的手都举了起来。go up(上升，提高)符合语境。
8．A.rose B．arose
C．raised D．aroused
解析：选C rise“升起”，为不及物动词；raise“举起”，为及物动词；arise“出现”；arouse“唤起”。C项符合语境。
9．A.almost B．nearly
C．no D．hardly
解析：选D 仅仅隔了两代人，我们所有人都几乎不(hardly)知道我们的太祖父母是谁。
10．A.what B．where
C．which D．who
解析：选D 此处应填宾语从句的连接词。由上下文可知，选择who。
11．A.Or B．And
C．But D．So
解析：选A 根据上下文，对祖父母的了解仅限于一张发霉的照片或者是一个经典的家人熟悉的故事。
12．A.history B．story
C．tree D．song
解析：选B 根据下文，如何光着脚走五英里应该是关于太祖父母的一个故事。
13．A.simply B．roughly
C．generally D．really
解析：选D 根据句意应选择really。
14．A.happen B．belong
C．refer D．pass
解析：选A 句意“这样的事情会发生在你的身上吗？”happen to发生。
15．A.back B．ahead
C．for D．around
解析：选B 根据下文，哲学老师让大家想象三代后，大家的子孙想起自己时会说些什么，因此需要大家向前展望，因此选择ahead。
16．A.ready B．alive
C．gone D．lost
解析：选C gone作形容词使用，表示“消失了，不见了”，这里指三代过后，人已经不在了。
17．A.to B．for
C．behind D．about
解析：选D 根据句意，此处应表示“关于”。
18．A.forgotten B．remembered
C．respected D．scolded
解析：选A 根据上文“Within three generations our ancestors are all but forgotten.”可知此处应为“被忘记”。
19．A.learning B．meaning
C．warning D．turning
解析：选C 根据上下文，你的生活对后人来说是一个警醒还是一个榜样。or连接意义相反的两个词，此处应该选择warning，意思上与example相呼应。
20．A.way B．reason
C．explanation D．choice
解析：选D 根据上下文，此处的意思是“选择的权利在你自己的手中”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The custom of celebrating from the end of January until mid?February has long been popular in Quebec City, Canada. The first large Winter Carnival here, in the world’s snow capital, took place in 1894. Faced with winter’s hardships, the city’s population made this popular tradition into a winter celebration that warmed the hearts of all people.
Interrupted by two wars and then the economic crisis of 1929, the Carnival was held from time to time until the second half of the 20th century. In 1954, a group of business people restarted the festivities. That year, Bonhomme was born and was elected the event’s representative.
The next year, the first official Quebec Winter Carnival took place. The Carnival snowballed into a big event and was important for tourism and economic activity in the city.
From one winter to the next, the Carnival enriched its activity programme. They have since added even more popular activities, such as winter sports, snow sculptures (雕塑), and activities based on the traditional Quebec lifestyle, such as dogsled (狗拉雪橇) races. The Quebec Winter Carnival is the largest winter carnival in the world today, and is third on the list of Top Carnivals after the famous carnivals in Rio and New Orleans.
1960
The people living along Rue Sainte?Therese created many snow or ice sculptures, and this location became known as Carnival Street.
1964
The name of Bonhomme Carnival and his image became registered trademarks.
1970
A new tradition was born: closing the event with a firework display.
1975
A new activity, called The Break, was created, on Friday from noon till midnight. Many employers gave their employees time off so they could go dancing at the Quebec City Convention Centre. The event continued to be held until 1986, sometimes late into the night.
1977
Until 1991, the Carnival offered a children’s sculpture competition.
1987
The snow bath became part of the programme.
1999
Because of the importance of volunteers, the human resources department was created to improve organisation.
语篇解读：文章介绍了世界上最大的冬季嘉年华的历史。
1．We can know from the passage that Quebec City ________.
A．is very cold all year round
B．is known as the world’s snow capital
C．has the largest population in Canada
D．holds several carnivals each year
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第一段的第一、二句可知B项正确。
2．The first official Quebec Winter Carnival was held in ________.
A．1894 B．1895
C．1954 D．1955
解析：选D 细节理解题。从第二段的第二句和第三段第一句可知答案为D项。
3．In 1976, which of the following activities were held during the Quebec Winter Carnival?
①The snow bath.
②The Break.
③A children’s sculpture competition.
④A firework display at the end of the event.
A．①② B．①③
C．②④ D．①④
解析：选C 细节理解题。从1970和1975两段的描述中可知“The Break”和活动结束时放烟花的活动在1976年举行了。
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．History of the Quebec Winter Carnival
B．Welcome to the Quebec Winter Carnival
C．Activities During the Quebec Winter Carnival
D．Importance of the Quebec Winter Carnival
解析：选A 标题归纳题。文章前四段讲述了魁北克冬季嘉年华发展到现在的历程和现状，后面的部分重点介绍了历史上的重要事件，文章以“History of the Quebec Winter Carnival”为题最合适。
加餐练(二) 主观题规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top __1__ (attract)．
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not?for?profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I __2__ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600?acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __3__ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back __4__ my days on a TV show in the mid?1980s, __5__ I was the first Western TV reporter __6__ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include __7__ (introduce) British visitors to the 120?plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three?month?old twin that had been rejected by __8__ (it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few __9__ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle?fed, __10__ other is with mum － she never suspects.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.attraction 2.was allowed 3.officially 4.to 5.then 6.permitted 7.introducing 8.its 9.days 10.the
Ⅱ.短文改错
I’m gladly to receive your novel. Thank you for such lovely a gift, for I had been expecting it for a long time. This novel offers to me more understanding of American society and daily life. I know you’re interesting in Chinese festivals, therefore I have chosen an album of paper?cutting for you. Paper?cutting is unique form of Chinese cultural relics, that is often used as a decoration for a joyful atmosphere. I hope it will bring happiness and lucks to your family as it always did in China.
I’m expecting you to come to China and experience the rich culture on person.
答案：第一句：gladly→glad
第二句：such→so; had→have
第三句：去掉to
第四句：interesting→interested
第五句：unique前加a; that→which
第六句：lucks→luck; did→does
第七句：on→in
Ⅲ.书面表达
中秋节即将到来，假定你是李华，你们班将举行中秋节庆祝晚会，你给你的美国朋友Julia写一封邮件邀请她来参加。内容包括：
1．时间和地点；
2．活动：品月饼、表演节目、赏月等。
3．提示：准备节目。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，
3．邮件的格式已给出，不计入总词数。
Hi, Julia，
Yours truly，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Hi, Julia，
As you know, the Mid?Autumn Festival is just around the corner. Our class plans to hold a Mid?Autumn Festival party. I’d like to invite you to join us.
The party will begin at 7：30 pm on the school playground, during which we will enjoy some performances, like cross talk and dance. There’s no doubt that we will taste various mooncakes with different kinds of fillings while admiring the full moon and watching the wonderful performances. As a foreign guest, I think you may be invited to give performances, so you’d better prepare ahead of time.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
(Modules 3－4)
第一部分 听力 (满分30分，限时20分钟)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the woman’s son do most probably?
A．A postman. B．A policeman. C．A guard.
2．Why is the woman late?
A．The traffic was heavy.
B．The bus broke down.
C．She took the wrong bus.
3．What do we know from the conversation?
A．The woman lost her new book.
B．The man will buy a new book.
C．The man doesn’t care about the book.
4．How long does the man work every week?
A．For 50 hours. B．For 55 hours. C．For 66 hours.
5．Who travelled with the man last month?
A．Jeff and Richard.
B．The man’s dog.
C．No one.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where does this conversation probably take place?
A．In a store. B．In a restaurant. C．In a museum.
7．How much does the woman pay for the bowl?
A．60 dollars. B．80 dollars. C．90 dollars.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Why didn’t the father follow the old family recipe?
A．One page is missing.
B．He has his own recipe.
C．He can’t find the recipe.
9．What does the girl think of the pizza?
A．Terrible. B．Tasty. C．Unusual.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．How much did Laura earn a day for her first job?
A．8 pounds. B．12 pounds. C．40 pounds.
11．Why did Laura leave her first job?
A．The shoe shop closed down.
B．She had to study for her exams.
C．A new shoe shop was short of hands.
12．How long did Laura work in the shoe shops all together?
A．For 18 months.
B．For 21 months.
C．For two years.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What do we know about the house?
A．It is large.
B．It has one bedroom.
C．It needs fixing.
14．What is the man planning to buy?
A．A garden. B．A house. C．A farm.
15．What does the man suggest the woman growing?
A．Corn. B．Rice. C．Potatoes.
16．How do they get the money?
A．They will get a bank loan.
B．They have saved enough.
C．They will borrow from friends.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Which competition was held last year?
A．Singing Competition.
B．Reading Competition.
C．Dancing Competition.
18．What is the purpose of the Pet Competition?
A．To help students select suitable pets.
B．To teach students how to look after pets.
C．To tell students loving animals is important.
19．What will be at the Pet Competition?
A．A lesson on dogs.
B．A dog beauty contest.
C．A dog’s ability test.
20．What do we know about the Pet Competition?
A．Students will bring their pets.
B．Students can vote for the dogs.
C．Students need to pay for the competition.
答案：1～5 ACCCB 6～10 ABAAB
11～15 ABCCC 16～20 BBCBB
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Hello, this is Susan Howard. May I speak to my son, please?
M：I’m sorry. He’s still out on his duty delivering letters. Shall I take a message?
(Text 2)
W：I’m sorry I’m late.
M：Oh, that’s all right. I just wondered what was keeping you. The traffic?
W：No, it was the bus I took. I took the wrong one. That was a disaster for me.
(Text 3)
W：I’m sorry, but I can’t find the book you lent to me.
M：Oh, that’s all right.
W：I must apologize. I’ll buy you a new one tomorrow.
M：No, please don’t. I couldn’t let you do that. It’s an old book. Just let it go.
(Text 4)
W：What time do you start working?
M：I work from 9 to 3. Then I start again at 5：30 and work until 10：30, six days a week.
W：And do you have to work at the weekend?
M：Oh, yes, that’s our busiest time.
(Text 5)
W：Did you go on a trip alone or with your friends last month?
M：I was planning to go with Jeff and Richard, but they both couldn’t spare the time.
W：What did you do with your dog while you were away?
M：Oh, Tom is a good traveler, as long as he gets a chance to play.
(Text 6)
W：Excuse me. How much do you want for this bowl?
M：Don’t move it. It’s easy to break. That’s one piece of outstanding glass in perfect shape. It’s worth 150 dollars.
W：Oh, I couldn’t possibly pay that much.
M：Hold on, lady. I said it was worth 150 dollars but I can give it to you for only 120 dollars.
W：I’ll give you 60 dollars.
M：60! Come on, lady. You’ve got to be kidding. I paid more than that for it myself. Take it for 90 dollars. I can’t go any lower than that.
W：Well, maybe I could give you 80 dollars.
M：OK. Let me wrap it up for you. There you are, lady, a real bargain.
(Text 7)
M：Time to eat!
W：I’m starving. Oh, what’s that? Where is Mom?
M：Now, Mom put me in charge of dinner tonight.
W：But what is it? What’s the smell?
M：It’s pizza. I just followed an old family recipe here.
W：Let me see. Oh, Dad. You’re missing a page!
M：Well, I couldn’t find the second page of the recipe, but don’t worry. I have plenty of experience around the house.
W：That’s not what Mom said.
M：Here let us try a piece first. This is great.
W：Dad, you put a little too much salt in it. Besides, it’s burned. And what’s that?
M：That’s just part of my own recipe. I added some pumpkin.
W：Oh, not another one of your surprises. Pumpkin doesn’t go with pizza!
(Text 8)
M：Laura, what was your first job?
W：The first job I had was a sales assistant in a shoe shop. When I was fifteen, I got my first job and I used to work every Saturday for 8 hours a day and I used to earn 1.5 pounds per hour.
M：It doesn’t sound like very much.
W：No, so in England now, the minimum may be 5 pounds.
M：Oh, wow! So how long did you work at this job?
W：I worked all together in three different shoe shops. In the first one I worked for a year and then it closed down. After that they moved me to another one, the same company. Three months later they moved me to a new shoe shop because they were short of hands. But half a year later I left my job when I had to study for my exams at school.
(Text 9)
W：Oh, where are we going?
M：I want to show you something.
W：I know, but what is it?
M：A farm. It’s just down this road. It’s a small place, but at least it would be our own.
W：A farm? How can we afford to buy a farm?
M：It isn’t large, only 1 acre. We wouldn’t have to pay very much right now.
W：Is there a house on the farm?
M：A small one, two bedrooms, but it needs to be fixed up a little. I can do the job myself.
W：OK. Is there enough space for a kitchen garden?
M：There is about half an acre behind the house. That’s plenty of space. We can probably grow a lot of our own food.
W：What are you thinking about growing?
M：Well, it really isn’t big enough for corn. I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.
W：Do we have enough money to get all of these?
M：I think we’ve saved enough. We can also ask John about the money he borrowed from us.
(Text 10)
(W) Good morning, boys and girls. As we know, in the past years our school held many competitions successfully every year, like Singing Competition and Dancing Competition. In fact I do know most of the students will want to have the Reading Competition as was held last year. But, now we’ll have something that may be much more fun. It’s the Pet Competition! Well, in fact, it aims at letting all students know the importance of loving animals. Nowadays, too many people can’t treat animals so well. They do not think carefully before getting a pet.
At the competition, you will not be disappointed because our teachers will not give you boring lessons to ask you to love animals. Instead, we can all learn something from a relaxing environment. There’s a dog beauty contest and we will choose the best dog. The competition will be based on the dogs’ ability. Unfortunately this competition is not open to your pets this year. Our school has selected five dogs for this competition. That means, we can just sit back and enjoy. So please come to join this event and vote for your favorite dogs! How can you afford to miss such an educational and fun event of the year?
第二部分 阅读理解 (满分40分，限时35分钟)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Are you planning for your first ever international trip? No worries! We have a list of places that are perfect for first?time getaways.
Bali
Bali is ever charming. Photographs cannot describe the beauty of its beaches, coral reefs, temples and forest areas. The temples, especially Tanah Lot, are quite a sight. The Mt. Batur is another amazing experience.
Top attractions: Tanah Lot, Kuta Beach, Nusa Dua and Jimbaran Beach.
Maldives
Maldives is an amazing beach destination. Here you can spend quality time away from the city life. Its bright blue shoreline, clean air and white sand can make you start feeling as if you had landed in heaven. Then you get on a seaplane to the hotel that you have booked. The seaplane journey is an adventure that helps you see some of the most beautiful islands.
Top attractions: water sports, beach and outdoor activities, local markets and more.
Mauritius
Whether you are into scenic beauty, adventure, or food, this island will not disappoint you. Mark Twain said, “Mauritius was made first and then heaven.” You can spend an evening in Port Louis and have dinner in Namaste Restaurant. Spend all the other days visiting only the beaches. If you are visiting Ile Aux Cerfs, ensure you reach the island as early as possible as it closes at 4 pm.
Top attractions: Grand Bay, Blue Bay, skydiving and bird watching.
Singapore
Classical buildings stand tall with elegant skyscrapers (摩天大楼) all around the island?city, mixing perfectly with fancy shopping malls. This small country has good enough places for your 5－6 days’ stay.
Top attractions: shopping, street foods, museums and theme parks.
语篇解读：本文向初次进行海外旅行的人们推荐了几个不可错过的旅游目的地。
21．If you are interested in water skiing, which place is the best choice?
A．Bali. B．Maldives.
C．Mauritius. D．Singapore.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据Maldives部分的“Top attractions: water sports ...”可知，水上运动最适合在马尔代夫玩，滑水属于水上运动，故选B。
22．What do we know about Mauritius?
A．Mark Twain loved Mauritius more than his country.
B．Port Louis is not open at daytime.
C．Only beaches are worth visiting in Mauritius.
D．You can’t visit Ile Aux Cerfs at night.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据Mauritius部分的“If you are visiting Ile Aux Cerfs, ensure you reach the island as early as possible as it closes at 4 pm.”可知，Ile Aux Cerfs在下午四点关门，由此可知在晚上不能参观Ile Aux Cerfs。
23．What can we learn from this text?
A．You’re not allowed to take pictures in Bali.
B．People take seaplanes rather than ships in Maldives.
C．Singapore combines the classical and modern culture.
D．Summer is the best time to visit the four places.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Singapore部分“Classical buildings stand tall with elegant skyscrapers (摩天大楼) all around the island?city ...”可知新加坡融合了古典与现代文化。
B
People in the United States honour their parents with two special days: Mother’s Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father’s Day, on the third Sunday in June.
Mother’s Day was proclaimed a day for national observance by President Woodrow Wilson in 1914. Anna Jarvis from Grafton, West Virginia, had started the idea to have a day to honour mothers. She was the one who chose the second Sunday in May and also began the custom of wearing a carnation.
In 1909, Mrs Dodd from Spokane, Washington, thought of the idea of a day to honour fathers. She wanted to honour her own father, William Smart. After her mother died, he had the responsibility of raising a family of five sons and a daughter. In 1910, the first Father’s Day was observed in Spokane. Senator Margaret Chase Smith helped to establish Father’s Day as a national commemorative day in 1972.
These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care.
These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services to honour parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery. On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Father’s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章就父亲节和母亲节的由来进行了阐述，并就人们庆祝这两个节日的方式进行了描写。
24．According to the passage, which of the following about the second Sunday in May is NOT true?
A．It is a day to show love to mothers.
B．It is a day to wear carnations.
C．It is a day for people to visit the cemetery.
D．It is a day for many people to attend religious services.
解析：选C 细节理解题。C选项的说法不够准确。五月的第二个周日是母亲节，在这一天有些父母去世的人会去墓地祭拜父母。故选C项。
25．Choose the right time order of the following events.
a．The first Father’s Day was observed.
b．Mother’s Day was proclaimed a day for national observance.
c．Father’s Day became a day for national observance.
d．The idea of honouring fathers was brought up.
A．a, b, c, d B．d, a, b, c
C．b, a, c, d D．d, a, c, b
解析：选B 逻辑排序题。可根据第二段及第三段关于母亲节及父亲节形成的先后顺序来判断。
26．From the passage, we know in the U．S.________.
A．one should wear a red carnation if one’s mother passed away
B．on Mother’s Day, families often go out to have barbecues
C．on Father’s Day, people often stay at home to celebrate the special day
D．the purpose to have these two special days is to show love to parents
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段内容知，美国人以两个特殊的日子向父母表示敬意，这便是每年五月第二个星期日的母亲节和六月第三个星期日的父亲节。
27．The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to ________.
A．call on people to love and respect their parents
B．introduce Mother’s Day and Father’s Day
C．tell the difference between Mother’s Day and Father’s Day
D．show how important fathers and mothers are
解析：选B 写作意图题。写这篇文章的目的是介绍母亲节和父亲节。
C
Oriana Fallaci, born on June 29, 1929, was an Italian journalist, author, and political interviewer. She created a new method of interviewing. In her view, the best way of reporting is putting yourself in your report. “The reporter is also a center and an actor，” she once said. This original view helped her get the name of “the queen of news interviews”．
During World War Ⅱ， she had a long and successful journalistic career. Fallaci became famous worldwide for her reporting of war and revolution, and her interviews with many world leaders during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Her book Interview with History contains lots of natural, long and penetrating (犀利的) interviews with many leaders from all over the world. One of the leaders once described the interview with Fallaci as“the_single_most_unfortunate conversation I have ever had with any member of the press.”
Fallaci began her career in journalism during her teens, becoming a special reporter for an Italian paper in 1946. In 1967, she worked as a war reporter, covering many famous wars. “It is really an awful period for me. For many times, I thought my life would end in smoke and fires. At that moment, I just hoped those pictures and letters could be found by those who would find my body and make them known to the world.” Fallaci said.
Fallaci had received many awards in her life. On November 30, 2005, in New York City, Fallaci received the Annie Taylor Award for courage from the Center for the Study of Popular Culture. The Annie Taylor Award is annually awarded to people who have shown unusual courage in adverse (不利的) conditions and great danger. David Horowitz, the founder of the center, described Fallaci as “a General in the fight for freedom”．
Fallaci received much admiration as well as disapproval, but it cannot be denied that she is one of the most famous journalists, just like people honored her as“The female journalist of world No.1”．
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了20世纪一位伟大的女性记者奥莉娅娜·法拉奇，她以她独特的采访方式而闻名，也因此被誉为“20世纪新闻采访女王”。
28．What can we infer from the “the single most unfortunate conversation”？
A．Most leaders interviewed hated Fallaci.
B．Fallaci always made interviewees feel bored.
C．Fallaci’s interview was difficult to deal with.
D．Fallaci’s methods of interviewing were very terrible.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据句意可知，其中一位领导者认为法拉奇是唯一一个能让被采访者感到惊险的记者。可见，法拉奇的采访方式独特且犀利，很难应付。
29．From Paragraph 3, we can see Fallaci was ________.
A．courageous and selfless
B．ambitious and confident
C．proud and selfish
D．determined and easy?going
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段中法拉奇的自述可以看出，她是一个为事业无私奉献且勇敢的女性。
30．Why was Fallaci awarded the Annie Taylor Award?
A．Because of her selflessness to people.
B．Because of her interview with world leaders.
C．Because of the published book she had written.
D．Because of her courage to fight with difficulties and danger.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The Annie Taylor Award is annually awarded to people who have shown unusual courage in adverse (不利的) conditions and great danger.”可知，法拉奇获得这个奖的原因是她敢于与困难和危险作斗争。
31．What is the author’s attitude toward Fallaci?
A．Admired. B．Worried.
C．Dissatisfied. D．Uninterested.
解析：选A 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“but it cannot be denied that she is one of the most famous journalists, just like people honored her as ’The female journalist of world No.1’”可知作者对法拉奇持一种钦佩的态度。
D
The spirit of Thanksgiving is all about showing gratitude for your good fortune and giving to those who are less fortunate. Express your thanks this holiday season by involving the whole family in volunteering, donating, and spreading kindness. Try these great ideas to teach your children graciousness (仁慈) and goodwill. And don’t forget — you can use these ideas all year round!
Visit a hospital.
The hospital can be a very lonely place for patients, especially during the holidays. Spend some of your time this holiday season with those who aren’t able to be at home. You might visit the children’s hospital and hand out stuffed animals or treats to children who need the extra cheer. Ask your kids to pick out a gift they think a kid like them would love.
Volunteer at an animal shelter.
It’s important to keep your family and friends in mind during the holidays, but don’t forget the animals! Hundreds of homeless animals need your time, love, and hugs, too. Take your son or daughter to an animal shelter to volunteer for a day, or sign up to volunteer once a week to spread the love throughout the year. And if your family is ready for a pet, adopt one of your own!
Donate money or volunteer at a women’s shelter or an orphanage.
Give a Thanksgiving gift to one or more of the shelters or homes in your community. Your gift can be anything from a turkey to a homemade decoration or a toy. For an extra?special gift, take time out of your busy holiday schedule and help out by serving food at a homeless shelter. You undoubtedly will brighten many spirits, including your own.
Invite extra guests to join your family for dinner.
The holidays are a time for giving and togetherness. If you know someone who will be alone for the holidays, make them feel loved by inviting them to your family’s holiday dinner this year. The more, the merrier!
语篇解读：本文提倡我们在感恩节时教会孩子这样感恩：看望病人，在动物收容所当志愿者，去收容所或孤儿院做志愿者或捐钱，邀请独居者去你家聚餐等。
32．What does this passage mainly about?
A．How to give thanks this Thanksgiving.
B．What to do when visiting a hospital.
C．Ways to care for your neighbors.
D．What Thanksgiving is about.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。根据第一段第二、三句可知本文主要告诉读者如何在这个感恩节通过做善事来感恩，故选A项。
33．Who might be interested in this passage?
A．Scientists. B．Artists.
C．Managers. D．Parents.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段第三句中的your children以及第二段最后一句中的your kids等可知本文的潜在读者群为父母，故选D项。
34．Which of the following is RIGHT?
A．We can let our kids ask for gifts from others.
B．We can adopt one homeless animal if we’re ready.
C．We must donate a big sum of money to an orphanage.
D．For our safety, we can’t invite strangers to our home.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知如果家里人想养宠物，就可以收养一只，故选B项。
35．According to the author, helping homeless animals ________.
A．isn’t as important as helping people
B．is a little silly and a waste of time
C．is also very important to us
D．can help us become patient
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可知作者认为关爱无家可归的动物也很重要，故选C项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What’s the biggest problem with memory skills? __36__ There are many memory skills that work well, but you’ll forget them when you need them most — unless you make using them a habit.So when you take the time to learn a technique, use it until it becomes automatic. Here are some for you to have a try.
Use a story?list. As a child, I went to a party. There was a game that involved looking at a table covered in fifteen various items. __37__ Finally, one boy won the prize by remembering all fifteen items. Later, I learned why he won. His father taught him a simple trick that none of us other kids knew. The skill is to tie the items together in an imaginative story.
__38__ When you learn a person’s name, for example, tell yourself, “Remember that”. This signals your unconscious (潜意识的) mind to rank this input as more important.
Know why you want to remember something, and how you’ll remember it. To remember a person, for example, ask why they’ll be important to you in the future, imagine where you’ll see them next, and connect that to anything you notice about them. Seeing the importance of remembering really helps. __39__
Do you ever forget where you put your keys? You have probably tried retracing (追溯) your steps, at least doing it in your imagination. __40__ When you set the keys on the chair, see yourself walking in and setting the keys on the chair. You won’t forget where they are.
There are many more of these memory tricks. If you want them to be useful, though, don’t just read about them. Make one or two memory skills a habit and start today.
A．Tell yourself to remember.
B．Where can you pick up these skills?
C．The answer is remembering to use them.
D．It is not easy for us to learn memory techniques.
E．We had to write down as many items as we could remember.
F．Additional connections can set the memory more firmly in your brain.
G．This can work well, but even better is to prevent the forgetting beforehand.
答案：36～40 CEAFG
第三部分 语言知识运用 (满分45分，限时30分钟)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
England was one of the first countries to set aside a day to recognize mothers. In the eighteenth century, __41__ many people worked as household servants for the __42__，“Mothering Sunday” was __43__ for them to return home to be with their mothers. Though this __44__ stopped when the Industrial Revolution altered the working and living patterns of people, one __45__ for mothers was established as a holiday in the twentieth century.
In the United States, Mother’s Day did not become a(n) __46__ holiday until 1915. Its establishment was __47__ due to the perseverance and love of one __48__， Anna Jarvis. Anna’s mother had provided strength and support as the family __49__ their home in West Virginia and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania __50__ her father served as a minister.
When Mrs Jarvis died on May 5, 1905, Anna was determined to __51__ her. She asked a minister at the church in West Virginia to give a sermon (布道) __52__ memory of her mother. On the same Sunday in Philadelphia, ministers there honoured Mrs Jarvis and all mothers with a(n) __53__ Mother’s Day service. Anna Jarvis began writing to congressmen, asking them to __54__ a day to honour mothers. In 1910, the governor of West Virginia proclaimed the second Sunday in May as Mother’s Day and a year later every state __55__ it.
On Mother’s Day morning some American children __56__ the tradition of serving their mothers breakfast in bed. Other children will give their mothers __57__ which they have made themselves or bought in __58__. Adults give their mothers red carnations, the official Mother’s Day flower. If their mothers __59__， they may bring white carnations to their grave sites. This is the busiest day of the year for American __60__. On the special day, family members do not want Mom to cook dinner!
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在英国和美国母亲节的历史由来及美国人的庆祝方式。
41．A.before B．since
C．until D．when
解析：选D 句意：18世纪的时候，很多人的工作是当富人家里的佣人。分析句式可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为“the eighteenth century”，因定语从句中缺少时间状语成分，故应用 when 来引导。
42．A.poor B．rich
C．living D．injured
解析：选B 根据语境可知，应该是给“富人(the rich)”家里当佣人。定冠词 the 与形容词连用，可表示“一类人”。
43．A.protected B．changed
C．reserved D．persuaded
解析：选C 句意：“Mothering Sunday” 被留作为她们回家探望母亲的日子。A项意为“保护”；B项意为“改变”；C项意为“保留，预约”；D项意为“劝服”。 be reserved for ... 意为“为……留出，保留”，符合题意。
44．A.custom B．form
C．habit D．plan
解析：选A 根据上文内容可知，如果“Mothering Sunday” 一直被留作为回家探望母亲的日子而延续下来就会变为一种习俗。所以 custom “风俗，习俗”最符合语境。
45．A.Monday B．Wednesday
C．Friday D．Sunday
解析：选D 根据上文“’Mothering Sunday’ was __43__ for them ... their mothers.” 可知，星期天这一天是专门为母亲而设立的节日，所以应用 Sunday 一词。
46．A.ordinary B．official
C．regular D．common
解析：选B 根据第四段倒数第四句中“the official Mother’s Day flower”以及“official holiday”意为“法定假日”可知，答案选B。
47．A.nearly B．deeply
C．largely D．highly
解析：选C 根据下文内容可知，安娜·贾维斯对于母亲节的设立起了很大作用，largely 意为“在很大程度上”，因此应用 largely 一词。
48．A.daughter B．sister
C．mother D．waitress
解析：选A 根据下文中“Anna’s mother had provided ...”可知，安娜·贾维斯是这位母亲的女儿。
49．A.destroyed B．found
C．left D．made
解析：选D 句意：当他们一家在弗吉尼亚费城和宾夕法尼亚安家时，安娜的母亲提供了很大的帮助和支持。 make one’s home 意为“安家，安身”，符合语意。
50．A.when B．where
C．why D．how
解析：选B 句意：安娜的父亲在宾夕法尼亚担任牧师一职。分析句式可知，本句为定语从句，where 在从句中作地点状语。
51．A.reward ` B．award
C．honour D．inspire
解析：选C 根据文章第三段第三句中“ministers there honoured Mrs Jarvis ...”可知，答案选C。
52．A.in B．at
C．on D．for
解析：选A 句意：为了悼念她的母亲，安娜在弗吉尼亚的教堂里请了一位牧师来布道。此处表示“为了悼念她的母亲”，in memory of 意为“对……的纪念”，符合语意。
53．A.easy B．expensive
C．simple D．special
解析：选D 根据最后一段最后一句“On the special day, family ... cook dinner！”可知，答案选D。
54．A.put off B．give up
C．set aside D．take on
解析：选C 根据本文开头“England was one of ... to set aside a day to recognize mothers.”可知，答案选C。
55．A.understood B．celebrated
C．received D．prevented
解析：选B 联系语境可知，母亲节已被设定为一个节日，所以应为“celebrate”，故答案选B。
56．A.support B．refuse
C．accept D．follow
解析：选D 句意：在母亲节的早晨，美国的孩子会遵循传统，将早饭端到母亲床边。follow the tradition 意为“遵循传统，按照传统”，符合语意。
57．A.gifts B．letters
C．calls D．toys
解析：选A 句意：其他的孩子会给妈妈礼物，这些礼物或者是他们亲手制作的，或者是在商店里买的。A项意为“礼物”；B项意为“信件”；C项意为“电话”；D项意为“玩具”。根据句意可知，答案选A。
58．A.schools B．churches
C．hospitals D．stores
解析：选D 根据上文中“bought”可知，礼物应该在商店中买到，而A、B、C三项均与题意不符。
59．A.went ahead B．moved on
C．passed away D．stayed up
解析：选C 根据下文“they may bring white ... to their grave sites”可知，将康乃馨带去墓地可以推出，他们的母亲应该是去世了。
60．A.departments B．restaurants
C．offices D．markets
解析：选B 根据下文“On the special day, family members do not want Mom to cook dinner！” 可知，由于在这一天不想让母亲再去做饭，所以这一天对于“饭店”来说是最忙的一天。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What can keep your brain young and active? Marie Pasinski, __61__ doctor from Massachusetts General Hospital，says, “New experiences as well as a good snack.”
The next time you feel __62__ (bore) at the pool, play a board game or cards. Exercising your mind with a challenging game that requires brainpower, like chess or bridge (桥牌)，is more than just fun. These __63__(type) of games are so interesting __64__ they can build up working memory. Traveling, especially in the places where English isn’t spoken, can make you __65__(smart) and more intelligent. There is a great deal of recent research proving its benefits.
On the other hand，eat more nuts! Not only are nuts the perfect snack for a summer road trip, they also keep your mind sharp. Some nuts are rich in magnesium (镁), __66__ can improve learning skills and memory of mice. The research __67__(publish) in the Journal Neuron last month. Another study at New York State Institute also proved the point, __68__ (show) that mice who ate nuts made __69__ (improve) in learning，memory, emotional regulation and movements，compared with __70__(that)who didn’t eat nuts.
61．________ 62.________ 63.________ 64.________
65．________ 66.________ 67.________ 68.________
69．________ 70.________
答案：61.a 62.bored 63.types 64.that 65.smarter 66.which 67.was published 68.showing 69.improvements 70.those
第四部分 写作 (满分35分，限时35分钟)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
One day, our teacher told us that we could have an exam and asked us to go over our lessons careful. However, my friend Lisa spend too much time playing computer games. As the result, she had no time to prepare and wanted to copy my answers. I refused her and she became angry with them. In that exam, she got low scores by copying another student’s answers. She was happy but I advised her tell the teacher the truth. She was angrier. Later, she realized her fault and apologized to the teacher. From then on, I helped her a lot of with her studies and she made great progresses. Not until then did she understand that friendship was.
答案：第一句：could→would; careful→carefully
第二句：spend→spent
第三句：the→a
第四句：them→me
第五句：low→high
第六句：her后加to
第九句：去掉of; progresses→progress
第十句：that→what
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
假如你市将举行中学生演讲比赛，你作为校代表将参加比赛。请根据以下要点写一篇演讲稿。
1．过去的春节(花费大量金钱；节日前几天放假……)；
2．今年的春节(除夕前一天放假；注重有意义的文明活动，节俭)
3．你对今年春节的感想。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：节俭 thrift
All teachers, boys and girls，
The topic of my speech today is “A different and special spring festival in my hometown”．
That’s all. Thank you.
参考范文：
All teachers, boys and girls，
The topic of my speech today is “A different and special spring festival in my hometown”．
In the past, people and government used to spend lots of time and money making preparations for the Spring Festival. They decorated the houses, bought lots of delicious food and arranged many activities. People had holidays several days before the Eve of the Spring Festival. However, I think it is a waste of money and time.
In order to follow the new policy of thrift, people have changed the values of Spring Festival. People work at their position till the last day of the year. Instead of money?wasting activities, people choose to do meaningful and civilized activities, like square dances and slimming exercises. We will be still in a joyful atmosphere. Personally, I like this kind of Spring Festival better.
That’s all. Thank you.
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课时跟踪练(十) Introduction & Reading — Pre-reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Many Americans believe that our present national holiday called Thanksgiving originated with a feast celebrated by Pilgrims who arrived on the shores of America in 1620. Some people survived due to the help from a local Indian tribe. During the next spring the Indians taught them how to grow and cultivate the crops. In the fall of 1621 they simply celebrated a traditional English Autumn Harvest Festival. This is the credit of the first Thanksgiving.
As time went on, Thanksgiving was celebrated through various governmental announcements. Cities, counties and state governments continued their regional observance until 1863. The Battle of Gettysburg fought on July 4th, 1863 became a Union victory that represented the turning point of the American Civil War. In honor of this event, two national Thanksgivings were declared by President Lincoln. The first holiday honored the victory at Gettysburg on August 6th. The second event was celebrated on the last Thursday in November and became the permanent holiday with which we are familiar. Lincoln’s declaration was motivated by the efforts of Sarah Josepha Hale, an editor of a popular women’s magazine who started a national drive for Thanksgiving as early as 1827.
During the end of the 19th century, Thanksgiving with its New England influence was commonly represented by turkeys, a large feast and large family reunions. The Pilgrims were not in evidence during these early celebrations nor was there a cozy relationship with the Indians.
The dawn of the 20th century saw Thanksgiving develop into its present form. Now that the Indians were no longer a threat, pictures of Americans and Indians in their familiar congruent (相配的，符合的) setting emerged and became popular. The 300th anniversary of the Pilgrim’s landing in America in 1920 strengthened the modern symbolism and meaning that we attribute to our present day celebrations.
语篇解读：本文讲述了人们是怎样庆祝第一个感恩节的，让读者了解了感恩节的由来和人们庆祝感恩节的活动变化过程。
1．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．How to celebrate Thanksgiving around the world
B．The first Thanksgiving and its development
C．Various celebration activities of Thanksgiving around the world
D．Two national Thanksgiving declared by Lincoln
解析：选B 标题归纳题。由每段段首的句意可推知本文是按照时间的先后顺序来写的，纵观全文可知主要讲述第一个感恩节的由来和人们庆祝第一个感恩节的活动，故选B项。
2．Who celebrated the first Thanksgiving?
A．Indians. B．Europeans.
C．President Lincoln. D．Pilgrims.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段第一句可知许多美国人认为，现在所谓的感恩节起源于1620年抵达美国海岸的清教徒所庆祝的节日，故选D项。
3．Which is the right order of the events for the first Thanksgiving?
①Thanksgiving was represented by turkeys, a large feast and large family reunions.
②Two national Thanksgivings were declared by President Lincoln.
③Indians and Pilgrims celebrated a traditional English Autumn Harvest Festival.
④Pilgrims arrived on the shores of America.
A．④③②① B．④③①②
C．④②③① D．④②①③
解析：选A 推理判断题。由第一段可知先是一些清教徒来到美国海岸，受到印第安人的帮助，之后于1621年庆祝传统的英国秋收节，由此排除C、D两项，然后根据第二、三段内容可知，先是出现美国总统林肯宣布的两个全国性感恩节，才出现后来的以火鸡、大餐和家庭团聚为主要特征的庆祝活动。故选A项。
4．The year 2020 will be the ________ anniversary of Thanksgiving.
A．200th B．300th
C．400th D．500th
解析：选C 推理判断题。由文章最后一句“The 300th anniversary of the Pilgrim’s landing in America in 1920 ...”可知，1920年是感恩节300周年庆，可推知2020年将是400周年庆，故选C项。
B
There are a number of special days of the year that are celebrated in different countries. The origins of most of the days are unknown. They were certainly not created by individual people. Other days, however, especially those celebrated in western countries, often owe their origins to a particular person. One of the most popular of these, even though it is fairly recent, is Mother’s Day. Mothers have always been highly regarded in all cultures. The ancient Romans had a festival known as Hilario, during which children took presents to the temple of the “Mother of the Gods”. The Christian Church adopted this idea and called it Mothering Sunday. However, over the years this custom was gradually forgotten and almost disappeared by the end of the 19th century.
Born in 1864 in Virginia, USA, Anna Jarvis was a school teacher and believed children should show gratitude to their mothers for all their love and care. Encouraged by a friend, she wrote to thousands of important people — politicians, churchmen, doctors, city officials — and asked them to support her idea: a special day of the year for thanking mothers.
In 1910 the Governor of West Virginia introduced Mother’s Day into the state. The date chosen was May 10 — the second Sunday in May, which is still observed in America today. This date was chosen because May 10 was the date on which in 1908 Anna Jarvis’s mother had died. In 1914 President Woodrow Wilson made May 10 the official date for Mother’s Day throughout the United States.
Soon there was a Mother’s Day International Association and the custom began to be adopted in many countries of the world.
Anna Jarvis, a sad and disillusioned (失望的) woman, died in 1948. The custom she had worked so hard to establish and which had become almost universal had lost its original purpose. It had been taken over by business. As with Christmas, the giving of presents and the sending of cards had become a multi?million?dollar industry.
5．The story is about ________.
A．Mothering Sunday for Christmas
B．the origin of a special day for mothers
C．President Woodrow Wilson and Anna Jarvis
D．how people celebrate Mother’s Day
解析：选B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了母亲节的由来，而不是如何庆祝母亲节。
6．Anna Jarvis wanted to ________.
A．thank her mother for her care
B．introduce a celebration for mothers
C．meet thousands of important people
D．make her pupils celebrate her on Mother’s Day
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第二段“to support her idea: a special day of the year for thanking mothers”可知。
7．May 10 became the date for Mother’s Day because ________.
A．May is in the American spring
B．it was the second Sunday in May in 1910
C．President Woodrow Wilson liked the date
D．this was the date that Anna Jarvis’s mother died
解析：选D 细节理解题。从第三段“because May 10 was the date on which in 1908 Anna Jarvis’s mother had died”可知。
8．Unfortunately, Anna Jarvis was NOT happy with Mother’s Day when she died because ________.
A．her mother was not there to see it
B．she had never been a mother herself
C．people were too interested in making it a business
D．no one gave any presents or cards to their mothers
解析：选C 细节理解题。从最后一段“... had lost its original purpose. It had been taken over by business ... become a multi?million?dollar industry”可知。
C
Reducing some climate pollutants (污染物) could save millions of lives, says a new report by the World Health Organization (WHO). Gases, like smoke, or black carbon, are called “short?lived climate pollutants”. They affect the society in many aspects.
These climate pollutants can cause some serious diseases. These include heart disease, diseases connected with cancer, and infections. They are also responsible for many of the more than 7 million earlier deaths each year that are connected to air pollution.
The UN health group also says the pollutants can reduce agricultural crops. These pollutants exist both outdoors and indoors. WHO Environment Chief Maria Neira says the pollutants have a strong influence on climate change. The good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, which can remain for hundreds, or even thousands, of years.
WHO has a number of practical and affordable ways to reduce these short?lived climate pollutants. At the top of their list: cutting vehicle emissions (排放) by requiring higher emission standards. More emissions are given off when engines are running. Indoor air pollution also leads to bad health and earlier death. The WHO reports that nearly 3 billion low?income families rely on “dirty fuels”. Coal, wood and kerosene used for cooking and heating are examples. To use cleaner and more efficient stoves to heat or cook could cut down on the health risks.
Another way they say to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investments and policies for rapid transport. These include buses, trains, bicycles and road users, or walking routes. They say these investments could have many benefits, including safer travel, reducing health risks from noise and air pollution, and more physical activity. The WHO report also calls for encouraging high? and middle?income populations to include more plant?based foods in their diets. It says this could reduce heart disease and some cancers. It could also slow the gas production that comes with some animal?sourced foods.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。煤烟、炭黑、甲烷以及城市烟雾中的臭氧等气体，通常被称为“短期气候污染物质”。它们不仅影响了气候变化，而且会对人类身体健康造成损害。
9．The underlined word “They” in the second paragraph probably refers to “________”．
A．Climate pollutants B．Diseases
C．Deaths D．Infections
解析：选A 代词指代题。根据语境可推测出，该代词在此处指“气候污染物”。
10．What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A．Climate change is caused by the climate pollutants.
B．We don’t need to pay attention to the climate pollutants.
C．The climate pollutants are more harmful than carbon dioxide.
D．The climate pollutants are easier to disappear than carbon dioxide.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段，相比于二氧化碳，这些空气污染物在大气中停留时间较短，故更容易消失。
11．From the last paragraph we can know that ________.
A．all of the low?income families have a balanced diet
B．eating plant?based foods can stop the gas production
C．people hate to have animal?sourced foods in their diets
D．more efforts should be made to improve public transport
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一和第二句可知，为了减少大气污染物的排放，需要增加投资来改善公共交通。
12．What does this text mainly talk about?
A．A kind of pollutant that is difficult to deal with.
B．The climate pollutants can cause serious diseases.
C．WHO’s methods to control the climate pollutants.
D．The harm of the climate pollutants and ways to reduce them.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲了大气污染物的危害以及相应的治理措施。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Do you often feel stressed out with too much work? The trick is to organize your tasks and use your time efficiently. This can help you to reduce stress and do better at your workplace. Time management is a skill that takes time to develop and is different for each person. __1__ Use some tips listed below for few weeks and see if they can help you.
Prioritize (优先处理) work. Before the start of the day, make a list of tasks that need your immediate attention as unimportant tasks can cost much of your valuable time. Some tasks need to be completed on that day only. __2__ In short, prioritize your tasks to focus on those that are more important.
Avoid stress. Stress often happens when we accept more work than our ability. __3__ Instead, try to give some tasks to others and make sure to leave some time for relaxation.
Start early. Most of the successful men and women have one thing in common. __4__ When you get up early, you are more calm, creative, and clear?headed. As the day progresses, your energy levels start going down, which affects your efficiency and you don’t perform as well.
__5__ Whenever you find yourself for 10－15 minutes, take a break. Too much stress can have a had influence on your body and affect your efficiency. Take a walk, listen to some music or do some quick stretches. The best idea is to take off from work and spend time with your friends and family.
A．Set up time limits.
B．Take some breaks.
C．You just need to find what works best for you.
D．However, other unimportant tasks could be put off to next day.
E．The truth is that we do better when we concentrate on one thing.
F．They start their day early as it gives them time to sit, think, and plan their day.
G．The result is that our body starts feeling tired, which can affect our efficiency.
答案：1～5 CDGFB
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课时跟踪练(十二) Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.根据汉语或首字母提示拼写单词
1．They had to travel into the town to trade (做……的买卖) the product from their farm.
2．The earth was here long before the origin (起源) of the human species.
3．The passage pointed out that all the countries united (联合) to fight global recession.
4．This kind of apple is more expensive because they are imported (进口) from abroad.
5．The Rio Grande marks (标志着) the border between Mexico and the USA.
6．Do something relaxing (使人放松的) before going to bed — read a book, or take a hot bath.
7．African people were fighting for the freedom and independence of their countries.
8．The seeds are transported by the wind.
9．We gathered for the celebration of her birthday.
10．Your habit of smoking should be abolished.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It is no doubt that he is one of the top students in our class.It→There
2．The old man would rather stay indoors than to go out for a walk every day.去掉to
3．As far as I’m concerned, sweet music is relaxed for most people.relaxed→relaxing
4．I think there’s a train at midday.If some, you’ll have to wait till 12：30.some→any
5．The flat consists in a living room, a kitchen, a bathroom and two bedrooms.in→of
6．You are wasting your words. There is no point of persuading him, for he never changes his mind.of→in或去掉of
Ⅲ.选词填空
1.When he was young, he went_wild_about playing basketball.
2．I’ve more_or_less finished reading the book.
3．He has given_up smoking.
4．In fact, he took_over my job while I was on holiday.
5．The medical team consists_of five doctors and ten nurses.
6．Let’s hold a ball in_celebration_of his success.
7．They tried to put down the rebellion (叛乱) by_force.
8．Do you feel_like going to the pub with me tonight?
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Tom found a hiding place in the trees to keep himself hidden from his friends.(hide)
2．Everyone hopes that the boring discussion can come to an end as soon as possible.
3．If appearance did not count, why would people dress up for such interviews?
4．Most people are familiar with the idea that matter consists of very small atoms.
5．This museum is built in memory of the great author, Lu Xun.
6．The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to_understand (understand)．
7．I can’t believe that he got full marks (mark) in his midterm exams.
8．Having worked hard for many years, his career took off at last.
9．There were lively New Year celebrations (celebrate) all over the town.
10．Travelling by train is more relaxing (relax) than driving.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It was an immediate need to inform the boss of the absence of some clerks.It→There
2．A year after graduation, he offered a position teaching a writing class.offered前加was
3．The football team consisted of 20 players was defeated last week.consisted→consisting
4．I would rather you told me the truth yesterday.told前加had
5．Taking care, or you will be in danger.Taking→Take
6．It’s said that the old temple dated back to the Ming Dynasty.dated→dates
7．It’s reported that Guo Jingming’s new book will be come out next month.去掉be
8．The silk bought in the shop was felt softer.去掉was
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Songkran, also called Water Festival, is the Thai New Year’s festival which starts on April 13th every year and lasts for 3 days. April 13th is Maha Songkran Day or the day to mark the end of the old year. April 14th is Wan Nao which is the day after and April 15th is Wan Thaloeng Sok when the New Year begins. At this time, people from the countries who are working in the city usually return home to celebrate the festival. The festival is also for rain because it is the hottest season in Thailand and they expect a better harvest.
The Songkran celebration is rich with symbolic customs. Mornings begin with visiting local temples and offering food to the Buddhist monks (僧人). On this special occasion, performing water pouring on Buddha statues is considered a tradition for this holiday. During the festival, people who have moved away usually return home to their loved ones and elders no matter how far away they are living. As a way to show respect, younger people often practice water pouring over the palms of elders’ hands. Paying respect to ancestors is also an important part of Songkran tradition. During the festival, people also do some things such as releasing (释放) fish or birds and other animals from their cages, which shows that they try to be kind.
The holiday is known for its water festival which is mostly celebrated by young people. Major streets are closed to traffic, improving the traffic conditions at the moment, and the streets are used for water fights. People, young and old, take part in this tradition by pouring water on each other. People who get wet actually don’t get furious. On the contrary, they will feel happy because they know it represents washing away of their bad luck. In addition, traditional parades are held in some places where participants are clothed in traditional Thai dress.
Songkran festival is also celebrated yearly by Thai people living in foreign countries all over the world. No matter where they are, they will never abandon this tradition.
语篇解读：在泰国，宋干节又称为“泼水节”，在节日期间，人们举行各种各样的活动来庆祝。
1．What can we know about Songkran Festival?
A．It is only celebrated by the young.
B．It is considered a symbol of a new year.
C．It is also a traditional festival all over the world.
D．It is only celebrated in the Thai countryside.
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第一段中的“and April 15th is Wan Thaloeng Sok when the New Year begins”可知，宋干节在泰国标志着新年的开始。
2．During Songkran Festival, the Thai people ________.
A．will have a shower to wash away their bad luck
B．wish for a warm season
C．visit temples and ask monks for help
D．set animals free to show their kindness
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“During the festival, people also some things such as releasing(释放) fish or birds and other animals from their cages, which shows that they try to be kind.”可知，泰国人在宋干节期间会释放一些动物，来证明自己想成为一个善良的人。
3．What does the underlined word “furious” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Confused. B．Cross.
C．Stressful. D．Delighted.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“On the contrary, they will feel happy because they know it represents washing away of their bad luck.”可推测，画线词在此处意为“生气的”。这道题同时考查了cross一词的熟词生义。
4．What does the writer think of Songkran Festival?
A．It brings people wealth.
B．It makes people’s life better.
C．It is a festival of family get?together.
D．It improves traffic conditions in the long term.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“During the festival, people who have moved away usually return home to their loved ones and elders no matter how far away they are living.”可知，在宋干节期间，无论人们离家多远，都会回来和家人一起庆祝这一节日。所以，宋干节也是一个家人团聚的节日。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Jack Mook is a police detective in Pittsburgh. He is a person who loved the single life, __1__ (do) what he wanted while he was not at work. He often went to the gym, where he boxed (拳击) and volunteered to teach kids boxing. He became __2__ (particular) close to two brothers, who came almost every week for several years to learn __3__ Mook.
One day, they just __4__ (stop) showing up, and Mook knew something was wrong. Mook found the older brother Josh at his school; he was __5__ (worry) when the boy explained the conditions under __6__ he and his brother lived at his foster parents’ (养父母) house. The boy asked if Mook could foster him and his brother. Mook immediately made up his mind to bring up the boys. This was a very good __7__ (decide) not only for the boys but also for Mook __8__ (he)．
Mook says the boys have changed his life. __9__ man who was single back then is now not only the dad of two teenagers, but he’s also happily married and has three step?children. That’s because after his big?hearted story spread on the Internet, women were lining up __10__ (meet) and marry this ordinary superhero.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.doing 2.particularly 3.from 4.stopped
5．worried 6.which 7.decision 8.himself 9.The 10. to meet
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课时跟踪练(十一) Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词
1．We have booked two tables at our favourite restaurant this afternoon.
2．He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home.
3．In the Torch Festival, the Yi people danced in their national costumes.
4．He searched his memory but couldn’t recall where he’d seen her before.
5．After breaking out of jail, he hid himself from the police in a deserted farmhouse.
6．Superstitions (迷信) have recently been revived (使再流行) in some parts of the country.
7．You could feel the magic (魅力) of Shakespeare’s poetry.
8．The guests were deeply impressed with the girl’s elegant (优雅的) manners.
9．The main stem will extend (延长) to around 12ft, if left to develop naturally.
10．His younger sister stopped in confusion (困惑) when we turned to look at her.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Listen carefully, or/otherwise you’ll miss something important.
2．She pretended to_be_listening (listen) carefully, but in fact her mind has already wandered away.
3．Before the performance, the teachers were busy dressing up these children as little white rabbits.
4．We all know that the Great Wall dates from the third century B．C.
5．As time went by, the boy came to realize his mistakes.
6．I like coffee with cream while he prefers black coffee.
Ⅲ.选词填空
dress up， on end， date back to， come to an end， put into prison， in secret， wander around， come off
1．Her stay in the US was coming_to_an_end and she was thinking about going home.
2．She didn’t dress_up and went to the party as she used to.
3．The two young lovers decided to marry in_secret,_and they did so the very next day.
4．Corn prices will remain high for months on_end.
5．During the war, Marco was the captain of a warship but was caught by the enemy and put_into_prison.
6．The traditional friendship between our two countries dates_back_to ancient days.
7．When I tried to lift the kettle, the handle came_off in my hand.
8．When I was wandering_around my campus, someone patted me on the shoulder.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Think of carnival, 1.and you think of crowds, costumes, and confusion. “Carnival” comes from two Latin words, 2.meaning (mean) “no more meat”. People saw Carnival as a last chance 3.to_have (have) fun at the end of the winter season.
The most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice. For weeks 4.on end, people wearing masks did what they wanted without 5.being_recognised (recognise), so that many crimes went unpunished.
The government realised this problem and made laws 6.to_solve (solve) it. Masks were banned 7.completely (complete). But in 8.the late 1970s the tradition was revived by students.
Today, carnival in Venice 9.is_celebrated (celebrate) for five days in February. As you wander through the streets, you see thousands of masks. However, nobody takes them off. If the masks come 10.off,_the magic is lost.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
晚饭后当朱莉娅(Julia)在家附近的小路上漫步(wander around)时，她想起了两年前的一次聚会。所有人都为这次盛大的聚会乔装打扮(dress up)，戴着各式面具。他们装作(pretend)互不相识，尽情享乐(have fun)。聚会直到午夜才结束(come to an end)。
When_Julia_was_wandering_around_the_path_near_her_home_after_supper,_she_thought_of_a_party_held_two_years_ago,_for_which_all_people_dressed_up,_wearing_different_masks._They_pretended_not_to_have_met_each_other_before,_having_fun_as_much_as_possible._The_party_didn’t_come_to_an_end_until_midnight.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
I met a man yesterday and didn’t get his name. Our meeting seemed to be __1__ by something unknown.
He was a(n) __2__ man. His hair was totally white and his back was bent. I didn’t see him at first. I decided to search for the owner __3__ I found a very worn and old wooden walking stick, which was hanging outside of a shopping cart. I looked around and __4__ out to a man who was walking away. I __5__ it was his. It was. And he returned __6__ to get it. A short distance cost him a long time.
I was in a friendly __7__ to start a conversation. That was when the story between us began. I stood outside the supermarket with him for 10 minutes just __8__. And that was all he wanted — to be heard and to __9__ his story. I stood there feeling his __10__ over losing his first wife during childbirth to his only son and later his joys of __11__ this son on his own as well as traveling the world. He __12__ found his true love and married a childhood sweetheart, his second wife. He is very __13__ that he has an intact (完整的) family now.
At the end of our talk, this man held my hands, looked me in the eye and __14__ thanked me. And then he __15__ and walked away.
As he walked away, a strong feeling __16__ me. And I seemed to hear a __17__ in my mind that told me he was peaceful now.
Strangers are never strangers __18__ you open your heart to them. Often they dress up like __19__， waiting to bless you or to be blessed.
Yesterday I was __20__ — An angel to this man, yet at the same time, blessed by him.
语篇解读：本文讲述了作者在超市外偶遇一位陌生老人并倾听他的故事，陌生老人对作者心存感激，从而引发作者的一番感慨——只要敞开心扉，愿意倾听，陌生人也可以变成朋友。
1．A.ranged B．arranged
C．made D．united
解析：选B 根据语境可知，作者遇见了一位老人，但不知道他的名字，他们的相遇就像冥冥之中被安排好的一样。故答案选“arranged”。
2．A.poor B．elderly
C．strong D．handsome
解析：选B 根据下文“His hair was totally white and his back was bent”可知这是一位年迈的老人。故答案选“elderly”。
3．A.before B．until
C．when D．but
解析：选C 当我发现一根拐杖时，我决定去找到它的主人。故答案选“when”。
4．A.went B．called
C．broke D．worked
解析：选B 作者看到一个老人就叫了他一声。故答案选“called”。
5．A.decided B．remembered
C．guessed D．suggested
解析：选C 根据语境可知，作者只是猜测那根拐杖是那位老人的，结果的确是。故答案选“guessed”。
6．A.casually B．angrily
C．proudly D．slowly
解析：选D 根据上下文，他已年迈，很短的一段路都费了他不少时间，所以是慢慢地走。故答案选“slowly”。
7．A.station B．situation
C．mood D．condition
解析：选C 根据下文可知，作者表现出乐意(有心情)与这位老人交谈的样子。故答案选“mood”。
8．A.listening B．watching
C．laughing D．speaking
解析：选A 根据下文“to be heard”等信息可知，全程我都是在倾听这位老人讲述自己的经历。故答案选“listening”。
9．A.remark B．share
C．announce D．report
解析：选B 根据上下文可知，这位老人所需要的就是被聆听和分享他的故事。故答案选“share”。
10．A.worry B．pain
C．nervousness D．trouble
解析：选B 根据下文可知，他的妻子在生下唯一的儿子之后就去世了，所以他很痛苦。故答案选“pain”。
11．A.bringing out B．taking
C．teaching D．bringing up
解析：选D 根据上下文可知，他的第一位妻子过世后，他在独自养育儿子的过程中也得到了快乐。故答案选“bringing up”。
12．A.rarely B．eventually
C．frequently D．slightly
解析：选B 根据语境可知，他最终得到了真爱。故答案选“eventually”。
13．A.surprised B．confident
C．positive D．satisfied
解析：选D 根据句意可知，他现在有了一个完整的家庭，所以感到很满足。故答案选“satisfied”。
14．A.curiously B．sincerely
C．profoundly D．hurriedly
解析：选B 根据语境可知，谈话结束后，那位老人握着“我”的手，看着“我”的眼睛，真诚地感谢了“我”。故选“sincerely”。
15．A.came back B．turned back
C．stood back D．put back
解析：选B 根据句意，那位老人转身走了。turn back意为“转过身”；come back意为“回来”；stand back意为“后退”；put back意为“放回，推迟”。故答案选“turned back”。
16．A.came over B．came with
C．came through D．came across
解析：选A 根据句意，那位老人走后，一种强烈的感觉涌向“我”。come over意为“(一种强烈的情感突然)涌向我”。come with意为“伴随”；come through意为“经过”；come across意为“偶然遇见”。故答案为“came over”。
17．A.noise B．voice
C．song D．story
解析：选B 根据语境，“我”似乎听到有个声音告诉“我”，那位老人分享完他的故事后，内心得到了安宁。故答案为“voice”。
18．A.if B．unless
C．before D．though
解析：选A 根据语境可知，如果“我”们能敞开心扉，陌生人也能成为朋友。故答案为“if”。
19．A.strangers B．angels
C．friends D．ghosts
解析：选B 根据下文中的“Yesterday I was ... — An angel to this man”可知答案。
20．A.neither B．either
C．both D．all
解析：选C 根据上下文可知，昨天“我”既是这位老人的天使，同时，也得到了这位老人的祝福。故答案选“both”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
It is my son’s birthday two days ago. As I didn’t buy any gift for him, I gave him D|S10 for a birthday gift. Last night he used it take his cousin out for ice cream. It was turned out that these two kids were the last one in the shop for the day. So the cashier who wanted to finish her job quick told them their ice cream was free! They were exciting to hear it. Then I asked my son why he did with the money. To my joyful, he said that he gave it to the homeless man.
答案：第一句：is→was
第二句：for→as
第三句：take前加to
第四句：去掉was; one→ones
第五句：quick→quickly
第六句：exciting→excited
第七句：why→what
第八句：joyful→joy; the→a
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