高中英语新教材人教（2019）必修一Unit 4　Natural disasters（课件+学案+课时作业）

Section Ⅰ　Listening and speaking & Listening and Talking
Step One: Speaking
Speaking
As is well known to us, there are some signs before an earthquake happens. Discuss with your partners about what happens before an earthquake.
Signs before the earthquake
The water in the wells rose and fell. And some deep cracks could be seen in the well walls. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.
The chickens, the dogs and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
Mice ran out of the fields looking_for places to hide.
Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. People could see bright lights in the sky.
Step Two: Listening
Ⅰ.Listen to the following news reports and choose the correct answers. (课文P48)
Ⅰ.Listen to the news reports and tick the disasters that you hear.
(√) earthquake　　(√) tornado　 (　) wildfire　 (　) drought　　(√) landslide　　 (　) tsunami　 (√) flood　
(　) volcanic eruption
听力材料：
NEWS REPORT 1
A＝Anchor A
A：Good morning, it's 17 April. A strong earthquake hit Ecuador yesterday. The 7.8-magnitude earthquake damaged many buildings, and early reports said that about 230 people were killed and more than 1,500 were injured. Volunteers and rescue workers are helping the survivors.
NEWS REPORT 2
B＝Anchor B
B：Good evening. Today is 27 March. More news about the floods in central China. The government is helping more than 12,000 people in Hunan and Jiangxi get away from the rising water. Homes and land have been destroyed, but no one has been killed. Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are safe. They are also bringing food and water to those whose homes were lost in the disaster.
NEWS REPORT 3
C＝Anchor C
C：Breaking news, Saturday 12 August. A tornado was just seen in southern Memphis, the USA. Eyewitnesses said that at 9：25 am, the tornado destroyed four homes. A police officer tells us that at least one person has died. More tornados are possible, and the police advise avoiding the area.
NEWS REPORT 4
D＝Anchor D
D：And is Seoul, a landslide damaged a library and a supermarket in a southern neighbourhood. The landslide was caused by the heavy rain that has fallen is Seoul over the past week. According to the police, no one was injured in the landslide but several cars were damaged. Those are the top news for today, Wednesday 21 July.
Ⅱ. Listen to the following conversations. Circle the key words in the questions below and write the kind of information they refer to. Then listen again and answer the questions.
1．What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Ecuador?
答案：7.8_magnitude_earthquake
2．How many people were killed or injured in Ecuador?
答案：230_people__were_killed_and_more_than_1500_people_were_injured.
3．Where was the floods?
答案：In_central_China
4．What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?
答案：They_not_only_make_sure_people_are_safe_but_also_bring_food_and_water_to_those_whose_homes_were_lost_in_the_disaster.
5．When did people see the tornado in Memphis?
答案：Saturday_12_August
6．Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?
答案：A_library_and_a_supermarket.
7．What caused in landslide in Seoul?
答案：The_landslide_was_caused_by_the_heavy_rain.
Listening Tips
1．注意细节
Think about what you are listening for before you listen: numbers, dates, times, addresses, activities, people or places, reasons, etc.
2．巧辨连读
听力中有很多连读，如果不知道很容易听不清或者听错，所谓连读，指的是词与词之间交界的两个音会经常连在一起，发音时好像连成了一个较长的单词。听力中常见的连读形式：
(1)辅元连读：在一个句子或短语中，前一个单词以辅音结尾，后一个单词以元音开头时，需要将辅音和元音在一起连读。如：if I, for a walk, on a winter's day。
(2)元元连读：第一种，在一个句子或短语中，前一个单词的发音以/i/或/ai/结尾，后一个单词以元音开头时，中间加一个半元音/j/，如：I am...第二种，在一个句子或短语中，前一个单词的发音以/u/或/u：/结尾，后一个单词以元音开头时，加一个半元音/w/，如：you are, who are。
即时训练　听下面3段对话回答问题，并辨别对话中的连读。
1．What should Wendy do now?
A．Play. B．Exercise.
C．Study.
答案：C
2．How much change will the woman receive?
A．$4.50. B．$ 5.00.
C．$ 5.50.
答案：C
3．Where is the camera probably now?
A．In the car. B．In their home.
C．In the shop.
答案：B
听力材料：
Text 1
W：Look! Wendy's in the playground, doing sports with her classmates.
M：But it's time for her to finish her schoolwork now.
Text 2
W：Excuse me. How much is this hat?
M：It's fourteen dollars and fifty cents.
W：Good. I'll take it. Here is a twenty.
Text 3
W：The camera is not in the car! You must have left it somewhere while shopping.
M：Take it easy. I remember clearly that you put it on the sofa in our living room.
Step Three: Discussing
Ⅰ. 根据录音在空格处填入合适的内容
Grave news, it's 26 April. A strong earthquake 1.shook the east of at 1：25 a．m. on April 16,2019, at a depth of about 10 km, and another earthquake happened at 9：26 p．m. on April 27,2019, at a depth of about 11 km. The two earthquakes 2.killed at least 40 people and more than one thousand people 3.got_injured. With so many buildings falling down and 4.catching_fire,_a great number of people have moved out of their homes. Soldiers and rescue workers 5._are_sent_to_the_disaster areas immediately. We hope that people in the disaster area can lead a normal life and have their beautiful homes 6.rebuilt_ soon.
话题积累：
1．at a depth of 深度……
2．lead a normal life 过着正常的生活
Ⅱ.
Work in group and discuss the following questions：
1．What should you do when an earthquake happens?
(1)In_my_opinion,_we_should_drop_down_on_our_hands_and_knees;_cover_our_head_with_our_hands;_stay_away_from_glass,_windows;_hide_under_a_desk_or_table_and_so_on.
(2)In_my_view,_we_should_find_an_open_space_away_from_buildings,_trees_and_power_lines_as_soon_as_possible.
2．What should you do if you are trapped after an earthquake?
Keep_calm_and_use_a_cell_phone_to_call_for_help._You_can_also_tap_on_a_pipe_or_a_wall_or_whistle_for_help.
课时作业 13
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
There was an earthquake this morning. I was working in front of my computer when it hit the city. The quake started with a sudden loud noise. I thought that something heavy in a neighbor's house probably had fallen. However, the walls and the floor began to shake. I finally realized it was an earthquake.
My son Zac, a sixteen-year-old boy, was sleeping with his door locked. Being sixteen, he can sleep through any kind of noise. “Zac！” I shouted. “Are you OK？” But nobody replied. I was a little worried. I couldn't imagine that someone was able to get such a deep sleep. The house was dancing. There were waves in the swimming pool. I was afraid the house would come down. “Zac！” I yelled, knocking on his door with an open palm (手掌). “Zac! Wake up! It's an earthquake! We need to get out！”
My son finally emerged in his underpants. We looked around the room. I knew that we should hide under a table to stop things from falling on us and stay away from glass. Unfortunately, none of our furniture was designed for hiding under. “Should we go into the garden？” Zac asked. “No, trees could fall on us！” I said. Actually, Zac had done earthquake drills (训练) at school. He must have been told to hide under a desk and cover his head. But we had nothing to cover our heads in the house.
Luckily, before we took any action, the windows stopped moving and the pool calmed down. Everything went back to normal soon. But both my son and I knew what we should do, because we knew if there had been a really big earthquake this morning, we couldn't have escaped from it.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。一场地震让作者和她儿子知道要防患于未然。
1．When the earthquake started, the author ________.
A．didn't hear anything
B．was repairing her computer
C．didn't consider it an earthquake
D．was sleeping with her door locked
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“I thought that something heavy in a neighbor's house probably had fallen. However, the walls and the floor began to shake. I finally realized it was an earthquake.”可知，作者一开始没有意识到发生了地震。
2．According to Paragraph 2, why was the author worried?
A．Because her son seemed to be in pain.
B．Because she couldn't wake her son up.
C．Because her son was locked in his room.
D．Because she couldn't solve her son's sleep problem.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“But nobody replied. I was a little worried.”可知，作者担忧是因为她无法叫醒儿子。
3．What problem did the author and her son face?
A．They couldn't get out of the house.
B．They couldn't stop things from falling.
C．They couldn't find anything to hide under.
D．They couldn't remember what to do in an earthquake.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Unfortunately, none of our furniture was designed for hiding under.”可知，她们家里没有任何可躲避的地方。
4．The author and her son most probably realized they should ________.
A．replace their furniture
B．build a stronger house
C．receive earthquake drills
D．watch the weather report often
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段的“But both my son and I knew what we should do, because we knew if there had been a really big earthquake this morning, we couldn't have escaped from it.”可推断，作者和她儿子在这次地震中意识到应该未雨绸缪，为地震做好准备，故很有可能换家具。
B
Making employees feel happy and healthy at work is good for many businesses. But it isn't always an easy thing. A research suggests that just 33% of the U．S. employees consider themselves fully engaged (投身于) at work, while 16% are actively disengaged, and 51% are just showing up.
But there is an exception. When it comes to employee engagement, it seems that employees in small companies are doing better. According to the same research, the largest U．S. companies have the lowest levels of engagement, while companies with fewer than 25 employees have the highest. And in one recent report, 75 percent of small business workers surveyed said they were “very” or “extremely” satisfied with their role as a small company employee.
Unlike big companies, small companies are often short of resources but the employees can get more surprises there. Small companies offer excellent career opportunities to their employees. The bosses often know their staff very well and understand their personal needs. Employees of small companies are more likely to receive free meals, paid leave, and they can even bring their pets to work.
But of course, there're many other draws in small businesses. One of the top draws is flexible scheduling (弹性工时). Another is being able to really see the fruits of one's labor. Besides, non-cash award is also a big draw. This could be something small that reflects employees' interests and lifestyles.
While a parental leave might lead to some financial problems, small companies may do something to improve it. “It may be impossible for a five-person team to be reduced to four for six months，” writes Camilla Velasquez, head of HR management platform Justworks. “But it could be possible to allow new parents to take on reduced hours in a work-from-home environment.” This kind of method has been realized in some small companies.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了小型企业的员工比大型企业员工的幸福感更强，并分析了原因。
5．What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A．Employees can develop better in small companies.
B．Employees can earn more money in small companies.
C．Employees in big companies are hard to be satisfied.
D．Employees in small companies are more engaged at work.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“When it comes to employee engagement, it seems that employees in small companies are doing better.”可知，相对于大公司的员工来说，小公司的员工更能很好地投入到工作中。
6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The benefits of working for small companies.
B．The differences between small and big companies.
C．What challenges staff in small companies may face.
D．Why small companies are short of resources.
答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Small companies offer excellent career opportunities...”可知，这些都是在小公司工作的好处，所以可知答案。
7．What does the underlined word “draws” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Choices. B．Attractions.
C．Difficulties. D．Competitions.
答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据下文的“flexible scheduling”， “being able to really see the fruits of one's labor”及“non-cash award”等推测，该词义为“吸引人的东西”。
8．What can be most probably inferred from the passage?
A．Small companies may have more employees with much happiness.
B．Big companies should learn from some small companies.
C．Employees should have their own hobbies and lifestyles.
D．Employers should pay more attention to the staff's needs.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。本文主要讲了跟大型企业相比，小型企业的员工可以享受更多更好的待遇，因而他们的幸福感更强。再根据第二段的“And in one recent report, 75 percent of small business workers surveyed said they were ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ satisfied with their role as a small company employee.”所以可推测，小型企业的员工幸福感更强。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Luckily, I got four turkeys this holiday. I __1__ only one of them. I __2__ my neighbor was going through a hard time, so I decided to give one to them as a __3__.
That still __4__ me with two extra (额外的) turkeys. I __5__ to cook one of them, make sandwiches and __6__ them to an area of town where many people seem to be in need of food and a little __7__.
While I was waiting for the bus to get there, I saw two people that I thought might __8__ sandwiches. The moment they came near, I __9__ them each a sandwich, along with a smile card, and told them to have a good day. I received __10__ in return.
On the bus, a young mother got on with her little girl. I offered her a sandwich, and she __11__ accepted. Then I started giving them to other __12__， along with smile cards, and they also __13__ with smiles. By this point, I was __14__ happiness and couldn't help smiling. I felt __15__ because of that.
When we got to the bus terminal (终点), I had given away five sandwiches. The act of __16__， the care shared and the __17__ smiles just made my heart filled with so much __18__. I think what I have done is good for everyone, __19__ I will do this again soon.
Giving not only makes you feel wonderful but it also __20__ happiness to others.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文，主题语境是社会服务。作者向陌生人赠送火鸡三明治，陌生人投以微笑，彼此都感到快乐。
1．A.needed B．noticed
C．ordered D．saved
答案与解析：A　根据上文的“got four turkeys this holiday”及下文的“I decided to give one to them”和“two extra turkeys”可知，作者只需要一只火鸡。
2．A.meant B．showed
C．knew D．proved
答案与解析：C　由“neighbor”及“I decided to give one to them”可知，作者知道邻居家有困难。
3．A.prize B．gift
C．choice D．wish
答案与解析：B　根据上文的holiday及give可知，作者决定把一只火鸡作为礼物送给邻居家。
4．A.filled B．upset
C．provided D．left
答案与解析：D　根据上文作者需要一只，送给邻居一只及下文“two extra turkeys”可知，作者还有两只火鸡。
5．A.learned B．waited
C．helped D．decided
答案与解析：D　根据第二段第一句可知，作者决定把火鸡做成三明治带给其他人。
6．A.mail B．lend
C．sell D．take
答案与解析：D　参考上题解析。
7．A.time B．kindness
C．luck D．experience
答案与解析：B　根据“an area of town where many people seem to be in need of food”可知，作者决定把做好的三明治带到这个城镇最需要食物和善意的地方。
8．A.have B．make
C．like D．buy
答案与解析：C　根据下文作者送给这两个人三明治可知，作者认为这两个人也许喜欢三明治。
9．A.cooked B．offered
C．found D．paid
答案与解析：B　由下文“along with a smile card, and told them to have a good day”可知，作者主动赠给这两个人火鸡三明治。
10．A.money B．advice
C．smiles D．presents
答案与解析：C　从下文“they also __13__ with smiles”可知，这两个人用微笑回报作者。
11．A.gladly B．secretly
C．seriously D．suddenly
答案与解析：A　根据下文“they also __13__ with smiles”可知，这对母女高兴地接受了。
12．A.passengers B．shoppers
C．neighbors D．drivers
答案与解析：A　作者在公交车上，所以把三明治送给其他乘车的人。
13．A.refused B．tried
C．accepted D．explained
答案与解析：C　由下文“with smiles”可知，其他乘客也高兴地接受了。
14．A.expecting B．requesting
C．recording D．achieving
答案与解析：D　根据下文“and couldn't help smiling”可知，作者收获着幸福。
15．A.busy B．great
C．safe D．nervous
答案与解析：B　根据上文“I was __14__ happiness and couldn't help smiling”可知，给陌生人赠送三明治让作者觉得棒极了。
16．A.thinking B．love
C．giving D．bravery
答案与解析：C　由最后一段的Giving可知，这是一种给予行为。
17．A.surprised B．sad
C．forced D．weak
答案与解析：A　作者给陌生人火鸡三明治，当然会让他们感到惊讶，所以他们的笑容也是惊讶的。
18．A.joy B．calmness
C．courage D．worry
答案与解析：A　由上文“I was __14__ happiness and couldn't help smiling”可知，作者内心充满喜悦。
19．A.if B．though
C．but D．so
答案与解析：D　作者认为她所做的对每个人都有好处，所以她会不久再做一次。
20．A.returns B．brings
C．teaches D．serves
答案与解析：B　根据上文可知，给予也能给他人带来快乐。
课件25张PPT。Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.核心单词
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词
1．disaster/d?'zɑ?st?(r)/n.灾难；灾害
2．rescue/'reskju?/n.& vt.营救；救援
3．damage/'d?m?d?/vt.损害；破坏　n．损坏；损失
4．destroy/d?'str??/vt.摧毁；毁灭
5．affect/?'fekt/vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
6．shelter_/'?elt?(r)/n.避难处；居所；庇护　vt.保护；掩蔽　
vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
7．ruin/'ru??n/n.& vt.破坏；毁坏
8．electricity/??lek'tr?s?ti/n.电；电能
9．trap/tr?p/vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套　n．险境；陷阱
10．bury/'beri/vt.埋葬；安葬
11．effort/'ef?(r)t/n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
12．wisdom/'w?zd?m/n.智慧；才智
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词，并牢记拓展词汇
1．survive/s?'va?v/vi.生存；存活； vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivor n．幸存者；生还者→survival n. 幸存
2．death/deθ/n.死；死亡→dead adj. 无生命的
3._shock/??k/n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
4．breathe/bri?e/vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n. 呼吸
5．revive/r?'va?v/vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
6．unify_/'ju?n?fa?/vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体→unite vi.& vt.团结
7．suffer/'s?f?/vt.遭受；蒙受
vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；苦难
Ⅲ.重点短语
根据汉语意思补全短语
1._as_if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．in_shock 震惊；吃惊
4．set_up 建立
5．as_usual 像往常一样
6．come to an end 结束
7．the number of... ……的数量
8._instead_of 而不
9．dig_out 挖掘
10．a home to ……的家园
11．go through 经历
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．too＋adj.＋to...“太……不……”
Chickens and even pigs were too_nervous_to_eat,_and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍去。
2．It seems/seemed as if...　看起来似乎……
It_seemed_as_if the world were coming at an end!
好像世界末日到了！
3．everywhere引导让步状语从句
Everywhere_survivors_looked,_there was nothing but ruins.
幸存者无论往哪里看，看到的都是废墟。
4．with复合结构
With_strong_support_from_government_and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
在政府的大力支持和人民的不懈努力下，一座崭新的唐山在地震废墟上建成了。
?第一步|速读——了解教材课文(P50)主题和段落大意
1．What's the main idea of the text?
The passage is mainly about a_terrible_earthquake_of_Tangshan.
2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 　 　A．The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.
Para.2　 B．The earthquake happened and caused deaths or injuries in Tangshan.
Para.3　 C．Rescue and revival after the earthquakes.
Para.4～5 D．Warning signs before the earthquake.
答案：Part 1—D　Part 2—B　Part 3—A　Part 4～5—C
?第二步|细读——把握教材课文(P50)关键信息
1．All the following unusual things happened before the earthquake except that________.
A．the water in the village wells rose and fell
B．the chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat
C．Mice ran out of the fields looking for hiding place
D．Fish swam in the water as usual
答案：D
2．Before the earthquake people were asleep as usual because ________.
A．they didn't notice anything strange happening
B．they knew well about earthquakes
C．something strange happened in many places
D．they didn't realize the arrival of an earthquake
答案：D
3．The title“A Night The Earth Didn't Sleep” means ________.
A．the earth was awake all night long
B．a terrible earthquake happened that night
C．people on the earth couldn't fall asleep that night
D．animals on the earth couldn't fall asleep that night
答案：B
4．What's the meaning of the last sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.”？
A．People weren't sad any more.
B．The life in Tangshan began to return to normal.
C．The earthquake finally came to an end.
D．Those who were trapped were saved.
答案：B
?第一板块|核心词汇诠释
1．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
(教材P48)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?
救援人员和士兵在洪水灾区做什么？
come to/go to sb.'s rescue＝rescue sb.　　　　 援救某人
rescue...from...　 把……从……营救出来
①When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
②The firefighters rescued five children from the burning house yesterday.
昨天，消防人员把5个孩子从失火的房子中解救出来。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)At midnight we finally rescued (rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valley.
(2)A large number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue (rescue) those trapped in the building.
巧学助记：
As soon as the accident happened, the rescue team came to the victims' rescue, and they didn't give up any hope of rescuing them from danger.
事故一发生，救援队就来营救受害者了，并且他们没有放弃使他们脱离危险的任何希望。
2.damage vt.损害；破坏　n．损坏；损失
(教材P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?
首尔哪些建筑被毁？
(1)　　　　　　　　　　对……造成损害
(2) damage one's health　 损害某人的健康　
①This could cause serious damage to our environment.
这可能会对我们的环境造成严重的破坏。
②Damage caused by the earthquake disaster is very terrible.
地震灾害造成的破坏太严重了。
[即学即练]　单句写作
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。(一句多译)
(1)As we all know, smoking can do/cause_damage_to_our_health. (damage n．)
(2)It is well known that smoking can damage_our_health.(damage vt.)
巧学助记：
Mary was very angry because someone had done damage to her car. What's worse, when she arrived home, she found her house lay in ruins because a big fire completely destroyed the building. 玛丽非常生气，因为有人把她的汽车弄坏了。更糟的是，当她到家时，她发现她的房子沦为一片废墟，因为一场大火完全摧毁了建筑物。
3.survive vi.生存；存活　vt.幸存；艰难度过
(经典佳句) Unluckily, no one survived the terrible accident.
不幸的是，没有人从这个可怕的事故中幸存。
(1)survive sth.　　　　　 　　　　 　　　　　幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
A survive B (by...)　 A比B活得长……
survive on　 依靠……生存下来
survive from...　 从……存活下来，流传下来
(2)survivor n．　 幸存者
survival n．　 [U] 幸存；[C] 残存物
①Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two survived.
在这次可怕的事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
②Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.
有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers by ten years.
(2)I don't know how you all manage to survive on such little money.
巧学助记：
After he survived the earthquake, the old man became one of the few survivors of the family. 那位老人在地震中幸存下来，成为这个家庭中为数不多的幸存者之一。
4.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
(经典例句)As far as I'm concerned, following others' advice without thinking will affect our decision.
显而易见，不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们的决定。
affect sb./sth.　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　影响某人/某事
be deeply affected by　 被深深打动了
①As a matter of fact, your opinion will not affect my decision.
事实上，你的意见不会影响我的决定。
②The disease is beginning to affect his eyesight.
疾病开始侵袭他的视力。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)Most people present at the meeting were deeply affected (affect) by his speech.
(2)With the government's help, those people affected (affect) by the earthquake have moved for the new settlements.
(3)Around 540 million people are_affected (affect) by second-hand smoke, which causes 100,000 deaths per year.
名师指津：“对……有很大影响”
affect sb. greatly.
have a great effect on sb.
have a great influence on sb.
5.ruin n．废墟；毁灭　vt.毁灭；使破产
(教材P50)In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了废墟。
(1)be/lie in ruins　　　　　　　　 　　　　　成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruin　 成为废墟；破败不堪
(2)ruin one's hope/chance　 使某人的希望破灭/机会失去
ruin oneself　 自我毁灭
①The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。
②A large number of buildings fell into ruin after the earthquake.
地震后，许多建筑都毁了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Heavy smoking ruins (ruin) your health, so you should give up smoking.
(2)It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining (ruin) our holiday.
(3)Ever since the earthquake, this temple has been in ruins.
(4)In my opinion, his stubborn character and shortcomings in his work will ruin_his_future.
依我看来，他固执的性格和在工作中的缺点会毁掉他的前途的。
名师指津：in ruins“成为废墟”ruin一定要用复数形式哟！
6.shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克　vt.(使)震惊
(教材P50) People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.
人们都很震惊——然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。
(1)be a shock to...　　　　　　　　　　　　使……吃惊
(2)shocked adj.　 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by　 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth.　 做某事很吃惊
(3)shocking adj.　 令人震惊的
①The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students' safety at school.
这个消息使公众震惊，导致了对在校学生安全的担心。
②His situation was a great shock to us all.
他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。
③We are shocked that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.
我们感到震惊的是，如此多的人在地震中伤亡。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)I'm shocked (shock) at his determined attitude towards this matter.
(2)Her falling in love with the poor young man was a shock to us.
(3)I was shocked to_hear (hear) that our factory would have to close.
巧学助记：
The shocking news shocked all the people around, which was also a great shock to people all over the country.
这个让人震惊的消息震惊了周围的人们，也震惊了全国各地的人们。
7.trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套　n．险境；陷阱
(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震发生后不久，军队派遣了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。
(1)be trapped in　　　　　　　　　　　　　　困在……中； 陷在……中
trap sb. into (doing) sth.　 诱使某人做某事
(2) fall into a trap　 落入圈套/陷阱
①When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued.
旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。
②If you choose this way, you're likely to fall into a trap.
如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)There was a power failure, they were_trapped (trap) in the lift.
(2)Trapped (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude.
(3) By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth.
名师指津：trap 过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为：trapped; trapped; trapping
8.bury vt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏
( 经典例句)Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work.
自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。
(1)bury...in... 把……埋到……里
bury one's face in hands　 双手掩面
(2) 埋头于；专心于，沉浸于
①She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
②In the past three weeks, we have been burying ourselves in study because the exam is drawing near.
在过去的三个星期里，我们专心致志地学习，因为考试即将到来。
[即学即练]　单句写作
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。(一句多译)
(1)Buried (bury) in his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.
(2)Burying (bury) himself in his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.
(3)Because he was_buried_ (bury) in his study, he didn't know that all the others had left
图形助记：
一词多义的“bury”
9.effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
(教材P50)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下，一个新唐山在废墟上建立了起来。
spare no effort to do sth.　　　　　　 不遗余力
make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
①I do believe that all your efforts will pay off sooner or later.
我的确相信你的努力迟早会有所回报。
②As far as I'm concerned, you should make a greater effort to study hard.
依我看来，你应该更加努力学习。
[即学即练]　词汇升级
(低频词汇)If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance, I will try my best to finish the task.
(高频词汇)If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance, I will spare_no_effort_to finish the task.(升级加黑词汇)
名师指津：学会高频词汇“spare no effort to do sth.”代替“try one's best to do sth.”哟！
10.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受　vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
(教材P51)What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need?
你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？
(1)suffer from　　　　　　　　　　 患……病；因……而受苦
suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒
(2)suffer pains/hardship 遭受痛苦/困难
suffering n．　 苦难，痛苦
sufferer n．　 受难者
①As far as I know, he has ever suffered from a serious illness.
据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。
②The company suffered a great loss as a result of the accident.
由于那次事故，该公司才遭受了重大损失。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)The people in this country have suffered (suffer) a lot because of the war.
(2)The old man is said to have gone through all kinds of sufferings (suffer) during the war.
巧学助记：
We all want to do something to help those sufferers out of their sufferings.
我们都想做些事去帮助那些受苦者摆脱痛苦。
?第二板块|重点句型解构
1．句型公式：too＋adj.＋to...“太……不……”
(教材P50)Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。
too ＋ adj. ?for sb.? to do sth. ...意为 “太……而不能……”，表示否定意义
①I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.我太年幼，不理解这部电影的含义。
②The problem is too difficult for me to settle.这个问题太难了，我解决不了。
[即学即练]　一句多译
小男孩太小了不能去上学。
(1)The little boy is so_young_that_he can't go to school.
(2)The little boy is_too_young_to_go_to school.
名师指津：牢记too... to...表示否定意义，可以与so... that...句型相互转换。
2.句型公式： as if ＝ as though“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句
(教材P50)It seemed as if the world were coming at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！
?1?as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的
?2?as if从句用虚拟语气：
①从句用一般过去时?与现在的事实相反?
②从句用过去完成时?与过去的事实相反?
③从句用would/could/might do形式?与将来的事实相反?
①Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if it is going to rain. Let's hurry up.
看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。
②He talks to them as if they were children.他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。
[即学即练]　 单句语法填空
(1)The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were (be) their own mother.
(2)He opened his mouth as if he would_say (say) something.
名师指津：as if
解题的关键在于能明白是对现在、过去还是将来的虚拟；如果对现在的虚拟，系动词be不管是第几人称都用were。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A great number of people suffered (遭受) a great deal in the earthquake.
2．In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought back to life after death (死亡)．
3．A great deal of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods (洪水)．
4．Too much drinking will do damage (伤害) to your health; you should take the doctor's advice.
5．We should find a shelter (躲避处) from the wind.
6．Helicopters rescued (营救) nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.
7．I can't imagine a life without_electricity (电)．
8．All the listeners were greatly shocked (震惊的) when they heard the terrible news on radio.
9．His parents and his little brother lost their lives in the disaster_ (灾难)．
10．The well walls had deep cracks (裂缝) before the terrible earthquake happened.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．These old people have experienced all kinds of sufferings (suffer) in their difficult times.
2．He talks about Rome as if he had_been (be) there before.
3．Though suffering (suffer) such a heavy loss, the boss didn't lose the courage to go on with his business.
4．Trapped (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude.
5．I'm shocked (shock) at his determined attitude towards this matter.
6．It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining (ruin) our holiday.
7．Around 540 million people are_affected (affect) by second-hand smoke, which causes 100,000 deaths per year.
8．Buried (bury) under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened.
9．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy)．
10．When it was my turn to express my opinion, I was too nervous to say a word.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．我建议你应该待在这儿，好像什么事也没有发生过。
I suggest that you should stay here as_if_nothing_had_happened.
2．这顶帽子太大，没法戴。
The hat is_too_large_to_wear.
3．可怕的地震使整个城市在15秒内变成废墟。
The terrible earthquake_left_the_whole_city_in_ruins_in 15 seconds.
4．面对灾难，我们应该保持积极的心态，为更美好的未来重建家园。
In times of disaster, we should stay_positive_and_rebuild_for_a_brighter_future.
5．我很感激，你把我从困境中解救了出来。
I'm grateful that you have_rescued_me_from the difficult situation.
6．有这么多工作要做，我不能和你一起出去看电影。
With_so_much_work_to_do,_I can't go out to see a film with you.
Ⅳ.语法填空
Strange things happened before Tangshan Earthquake happened. The well walls had deep cracks. Some 1.smelly (smell) gas came out of them. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous 2.to_eat (eat). At 3：42 3.on the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to shake. 4.It seemed as if the world was coming at an end. Steam burst from holes in the ground and hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, the whole city lay in 5.ruins (ruin). Two thirds of people died or were 6.injured (injure). Everything in the city was destroyed. People were 7.shocked (shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 8.who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 9.survivors (survive). Fresh water was taken to the city. Slowly the city began to breathe again. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan 10.was_built (build) upon the earthquake ruins.
课时作业 14
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Earthquakes strike suddenly at any time of the day or night, but there's no way to tell when. If an earthquake happens, it may cause many deaths, injuries and damage. So you need a good preparation ahead of time. Decide how and where your family will get together if separated. Choose an out-of-state friend or relative that the family members can call after the quake to report where they are and how they are. Know the safe places in each room: under the strong tables, desks, or against inside walls. Keep enough food, water and other things, including a flashlight, a radio, medicines and clothing.
During the earthquake, you should keep a clear head and never be too nervous to know what to do. Protect your head and neck with your arms. If possible, take a book, a pillow or any other things to protect yourself from falling glass and ruins. If you are indoors, you must immediately lie under any strong furniture. If outdoors, move to an open area away from trees, buildings, walls or powerpoles. If you are in a narrow valley, move to the centre of it and look up for falling stones. If you are in a car, move to the side of the road and stop the car. Do not stop near buildings, power lines or on or under bridges. Stay in your car until the shaking stops.
Do not move a badly injured person unless he is in great danger after the earthquake. Do not use the telephone immediately unless there is a serious injury or fire. Turn on your radio for instructions and news reports. Be prepared for aftershocks. If you want to leave your home, post a message inside your home telling your family members where you can be found.
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了人们在地震前、地震中和地震后应该做的事情。
1．To prepare for an earthquake, we should make sure of ________.
A．when an earthquake may happen
B．the place where we can find our family
C．how to receive instructions and news reports
D．the money with which we can buy food and water
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第四句可知，要提前确定地震后家人会合的地点，故B项正确。
2．If we are driving when an earthquake happens, we should ________.
A．find a strong building to hide in
B．leave the car as soon as possible
C．go on driving quickly to leave the area
D．move to the side of the road and stop there
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，如果发生地震时你在开车，要把车开到路边停下，所以D项正确。
3．From the passage, we know that during an earthquake ________.
A．we should keep calm and know what to do clearly
B．the trees and walls can protect us if we are outdoors
C．we should protect our necks with a pillow or a book
D．falling glass can be used to help us
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，地震时，要保持头脑冷静，不能因为太紧张而不知所措，故正确答案为A项。
4．After an earthquake, we should ________.
A．move an injured person quickly
B．use the telephone immediately
C．turn on the TV to get news reports
D．leave a message before leaving home
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知，地震后，在离开家之前，要留下信息告诉家人去哪里能找到你，故D项正确。
B
All of us spend a large part of our lives at home — eating, sleeping, relaxing and communicating with our family members. Our home is a shelter for us, away from the noisy, busy, and polluted world outside — a place where we can let down our hair and dress casually. Eco-friendliness (环保) is a hot word today and we all know we should make our environment as eco-friendly as possible. This is not only good for our health, but also good for the outward environment. Here are some easy and helpful tips to make your home eco-friendly.
Kitchen
Plan the kitchen to be bright and airy so that you don't have to turn on the lights at daytime. Don't make wasteful use of the gas. Keep all ingredients for cooking ready before lighting the gas. Turn it to low when not required — always using it on “high” burns a lot of gas.
Indoor plants
Plants are extremely eco-friendly and can be used to make your home look lively. Apart from adding life to home, they give out O2, thus making the air inside fresh. You can keep plants in your home, but be sure to show them some sunlight regularly. Also, if they are kept outside, clean their leaves with a wet cloth, as dust may be added to them. A home decorated (装饰) with plants looks attractive. Plants are a natural home decorating gift that shows concern about the environment. A green plant is a wonderful gift which will protect the earth and is sure to be appreciated.
Saving water
Most of the time, we_take_water_for_granted — we keep water running while brushing our teeth or washing clothes. Needless to say, this is a huge waste of natural resources (资源). Try to recycle water. For example, the water used for washing vegetables can be used for watering plants; the soapy water used for washing clothes can be used to clean the bathroom and kitchen.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了如何营造环保的家园，从厨房节约能源、种植室内植物和节约用水三方面提出的建议。
5．Why is the importance of our home discussed in Paragraph 1?
A．To advise us to communicate more with our family members.
B．To show it's necessary to make our home eco-friendly.
C．To advise us to spend more time staying at home.
D．To show the outside world is noisy and polluted.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。文章主要介绍了如何营造环保的家园，因此可推断，第一段讨论家庭的重要性是为了表明创造环保家园是有必要的，从而引出下文。
6．What is advised to be done in the kitchen?
A．To open the window. B．To prepare simple meals.
C．To save energy. D．To turn down lights.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Don't make wasteful use of the gas.”可知，作者建议节约使用天然气，即在厨房要节约能源。
7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．We don't realize the importance of water.
B．We try our best not to waste water.
C．We don't use water frequently.
D．We make full use of water.
答案与解析：A　句意理解题。根据画线部分后的“we keep water running while brushing our teeth or washing clothes.”可知，我们在刷牙或洗衣服时让水一直流着，因此可推测，画线句的言下之意是我们并没有意识到水的重要性。
8．Which could be the best title for the text?
A．Live a relaxing life.
B．Create a clean and safe home.
C．Our home is a shelter for us.
D．Make your home eco-friendly.
答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。根据第一段尾句“Here are some easy and helpful tips to make your home eco-friendly.”可知，本文主要阐述如何营造环保的家园。
Ⅱ.七选五
Getting enough sleep can be difficult in today's world. __1__ If you have trouble going to sleep on time, there are a few things you can do.
Know how much sleep you need. __2__ Children need 9-11 hours of sleep per day. Teenagers require 8-10 hours of sleep each night. Adults generally need 7-9 hours of sleep per night. Knowing how much sleep you need each night will help you know when you need to set your bedtime.
Get ready for bed at the same time every night. Don't wait until you start to feel sleepy, as this may keep you up longer than you want to stay awake. __3__ Set a suitable bedtime goal that works for your schedule.
Have a bedtime tradition. Doing the same things every night before bed will help signal (发信号) to your body that it is time to start getting sleepy. Try to create a sleep time tradition that you can perform every night before bed so that you get into the habit. __4__ Your bedtime tradition could include things like brushing your teeth or washing your face.
__5__ In an effort to lower your stress at bedtime, it might be useful to spend a little time preparing yourself for what you have to do in the morning. Feeling ready for the next day will help you relax and fall asleep more quickly. You can do things like picking out your clothes for the next day or packing your lunch for work.
A．Prepare yourself for the next day.
B．Different people have different sleep needs.
C．This will help you go to bed at the expected time every night.
D．Stop working at least one hour before bed so that you can relax a bit.
E．Reading in bed is one of the best ways to relax yourself after a long day.
F．However, if you don't get enough sleep, you'll feel tired and unhappy all the day.
G．Besides, getting ready for bed may cost you much time and make you sleep later than your expected bedtime.
【语篇解读】　本文就如何按时睡觉提出了几点建议。
1．答案与解析：F　根据本空前的“Getting enough sleep can be difficult in today's world.”及本空后的“If you have trouble going to sleep on time, there are a few things you can do.”可知，此处需要填一个承上启下的句子，说的是如果你没有足够的睡眠，你整天都会感到疲惫且情绪低落。
2．答案与解析：B　根据本空后的“Children need 9-11 hours of sleep per day... Adults generally need 7-9 hours of sleep per night.”可知，此处是指不同的人有不同的睡眠需求。
3．答案与解析：G　根据本空前的“Don't wait until you start to feel sleepy, as this may keep you up longer than you want to stay awake.”可知，此处与前面是递进关系，说的是准备睡觉的过程也会花费你很多时间，使你睡得比预期的时间晚。
4．答案与解析：C　根据本空前的“Try to create a sleep time tradition that you can perform every night before bed so that you get into the habit.”可知，此处承接上文，说的是这样做的好处。
5．答案与解析：A　根据本段内容，特别是“Feeling ready for the next day will help you relax and fall asleep more quickly.”可知，本段讲的是睡前为第二天做好准备对睡眠的好处。
课件64张PPT。Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
Grammar — 定语从句(Ⅰ)
[新知导引]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．(教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.
2．(教材P50)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
3．(教材P50)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
4．(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
5．(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
6．(教材P52) A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
7．The boy whose father is a teacher is a new classmate of mine.
8. China is a country that/which has a long history.
[共性呈现]
1．第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who，在定语从句中作主语。
2．第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that，在定语从句中作主语。
3．第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom，在定语从句中作宾语。
关系代词who/whom常用来指代人；关系代词that/which常用来指代物；关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。
4．第5、7句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose，在定语从句中作定语，它既可以指人也可以指物。
[语法精释]
who (whom)，which，that，whose引导的定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。
从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why。
一、关系代词的基本用法
1．who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.
正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师。
The girl (who) I met yesterday is his sister.
我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。
2．whom指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
注意：(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。
The boy(who/whom/that) we saw yesterday is John's brother.
昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.
他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。
[即学即练1]　关系代词填空
(1)Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
(2)Those who want to see the film set down your names, please.
(3)This is the person who/whom you should thank for helping your son.
3．which只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.
桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train.
那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
4．whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在从句中作定语。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.
没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
5．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The woman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道，她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。
The report (that) Mr.Turner handed in was about the motor race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
[即学即练2]　关系代词填空
(1)Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet.
(2)Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?
(3)Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
二、用that不用which的情况。
1．当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything little，much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
3．当先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时。
Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.
聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5．当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
6．当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不是过去那个样子了。
[即学即练3]　完成句子
(1)这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
This is the most beautiful park that_I_have_visited.
(2)我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
We often talk about the persons and things that_we_remember.
(3)我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
I have found the very pen that_I_lost_yesterday.
三、用which不用that的情况
1．在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他住的房间。
2．引导非限制性定语从句时。
Tom came back, which made us very happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
3．在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一句的关系代词是that，那么后一句的关系代词就要用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
我给你看这本从新开的图书馆里借来的小说。
[即学即练4]　用关系代词填空
(1)The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
(2)Have you ever read the book, which was written by a young girl?
四、使用定语从句的注意事项
1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查理斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时which被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。
He said he was a Frenchman, which was not true.
他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。
2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。
3．关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。
(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
[即学即练5]　单句语法填空
(1)All things can be done_has (have) been done.
(2)The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies hard.
(3)He is one of the students who know Spanish.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He is the boy whose father is a professor.
2．This dictionary is the second one that I bought in the bookstore.
3．This is the girl who/whom he works with in the office.
4．His parents wouldn't marry her to anyone whose family was poor.
5．They talked about their classmates and things that they still remembered in middle school.
6．Finally the thief handed in everything that he had stolen to the police.
7．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
8．The first thing that he did after arriving home was doing his homework.
9．The number of people that/who_come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
10．This is the room which/that my grandma used to live in.
11．The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
12．The picture which/that was about the accident was terrible.
13．The children who/that were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
14．The woman who/that is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor.
15．This is the building_whose windows were all painted green.
16．That is one of the most interesting books_that_are sold in the bookshop.
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子
1．Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now.
→Do you know the man who/that_spoke_to_the_headmaster_just_now?
2．I have seen the film. They're talking about the film.
→I have seen the film that/which_they're_talking_about.
3．The book was written by Mark Twain. He was a famous American writer.
→The book was written by Mark Twain who_was_a_famous_American_writer.
4．Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.
→Last week Mary wore the dress that/which_I_gave_to_her.
5．The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese.
→The girl whose_father_is_a_Chinese is from America.
6．My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.
→My grandparents live in a house which/that_is_more_than_100_years_old.
Ⅲ.语法与写作
1．This is the very hotel _(that)_I_stayed_at when I was travelling here.
这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。
2．This is the very book that_I_am_looking_for.
这正是我要找的那本书。
3．The earthquake that/which_happened_in_Tangshan_in_1976 shocked the people all over the world.
发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。
4．She is one of the girls who_have_passed_the_exam.
她是通过考试的女孩之一。
课件30张PPT。Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Ⅰ.核心单词
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词
1．supply/s?'pla?/n.[pl.]补给品；供应(量)；补给
vt.供应；供给
2．tap_/t?p/vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
3．pipe/pa?p/n.管子；管道
4．whistle/'w?sl/vi.吹口哨；发出笛声
vt.吹口哨；n.哨子(声)；呼啸声
5．emergency/i'm??d??nsi/n.突发事件；紧急情况
6．calm/kɑ?m/adj.镇静的；沉着的
vt.使平静；使镇静
7．aid/e?d/n.援助；帮助；救援物资
vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
8．crash/kr??/vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击
n．撞车；碰撞
9．sweep/swi?p/vt.& vi.(swept, swept)打扫；清扫
10．wave/we?v/n.海浪；波浪
vi.& vt.挥手；招手
11．strike/stra?k/vi.& vt.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打
n．罢工；罢课；袭击
12．deliver/d?'l?v?(r)/vt.& vi.递送；传达
vt.发表
13._summary/'s?m?ri/n.总结；概括；概要
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词，并牢记拓展词汇
1．erupt (vi.)(指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption (n.)火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
2．power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的
3．effect/?'fekt/n.影响；结果；效果→effective adj.有效果的
4．length/le?θ/n.长；长度→long adj.长的
Ⅲ.重点短语
根据汉语意思补全短语
1．in the open air 　　　　　　露天；在户外
2．on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
3．sweep_away 消灭；彻底消除
4．put up 搭建，举起，张贴
5．stay_calm 保持冷静
6．in danger 处境危险
7．first of_all 首先
8．as many as 多达
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．v.-ing结构作结果状语
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing_more_than_6,500_people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia at least four other countries.
最强大的地震在过去的40年里引起了海啸，昨天亚洲海岸线被毁，造成印尼、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家6 500多人死亡。
2．be doing sth. when...正在做某事……这时……
I was_having_breakfast with three children when water started filling my home.
我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐这时家里开始充满了水。
3．make it＋adj.＋to do sth.中it为形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。
However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will_make_it_difficult_to_deliver_food_and_supplies.
然而，危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送食物和物资变得困难。
Read the text on page 54 and then choose the best answer.
1．What's the main idea of the passage ?
A．Something about the most powerful tsunami in Asia.
B．The cause of the most powerful tsunami in Asia.
C．The loss of the most powerful tsunami in Asia.
D．How to rescue ourselves in times of disaster.
答案：A
2．What caused the tsunami?
A．Hurricane B．Typhoon
C．Flood D．Earthquake
答案：D
3．What is a magnitude of the earthquake that happened on December 27, 2004?
A．7.0 B．9.0
C．7.5 D．6
答案：B
4．Why was food and supplies hard to deliver?
A．Because there were not enough food and supplies.
B．Because rescue teams dared not go.
C．Because conditions were hard and roads were destroyed.
D．Because governments didn't organize rescue teams.
答案：C
?第一板块|核心词汇诠释
1．supply n．[pl.]补给品；供应(量)；补给　vt.供应；供给
(教材P52)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
(1)school/medical supplies 　　　　　　　　　　学校用品/医疗用品
(2)supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物
supply sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
①The water supply has been cut off because the workers are repairing the main pipes.
因工人们在修主要管道水资源供应被切断。
②The Internet supplies a lot of information to us every day.
因特网每天给我们提供很多信息。
[即学即练]　一句多译
没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。
(1)There is no need to worry. We can supply/provide_you_with whatever you need.
(2)There is no need to worry. We can_supply whatever you need to you.
(3)There is no need to worry. We_can_provide whatever you need for you.
发散思维：
“给某人提供某物”表达种种：
provide sth. for sb.
provide sb. with sth.
supply sth. to sb.
supply sb. with sth.
2. power n．能力；力量；权力
(经典例句)As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。
(1)have the power to do sth.　　　　　　　具有做某事的能力
come to power　　　　　　　　 上台；执政(动作)
be in power　　　　　　　　　 执政；掌权(状态)
beyond one's power　　　　　　 力所不能及的
(2)powerful adj.　　　　 强有力的
①There was a time when the girl lost the power of speech.
曾经有一段时间，这个女孩不能说话。
②It is reported that the new president will settle a lot of problems the moment he comes to power.据报道，新总统一上台就要解决很多问题。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It has been two years since he came into_power.
(2)I'm very sorry; it is beyond_my power to finish such a difficult task.
(3)I do believe that encouragement is so powerful (power) that it can change a person.
(4)据我所知，这个政党执政两年了。
①As far as I know, it is two years since the party came_to_power.
②As far as I know, the party has_been_in_power for two years.
发散思维：
加词缀-ful名词变形容词荟萃：
(1)power→ powerful adj.强大的；有力的
(2)use→ useful adj.有用的；有益的
(3) wonder →wonderful adj. 精彩的
(4)help→helpful adj.有帮助的
3.calm vt.&vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定　adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
(经典佳句)It is of great importance to keep calm when a fire breaks out.
当火灾发生时保持冷静很重要。
(1)calm down　　　　 　　　　　　　　　平静下来
calm sb. down 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来
(2)keep calm 保持镇静
①Calm down! There is nothing to worry about.
镇静下来！没有什么可担心的。
②Calm yourself down；there is no need to feel upset about it.
让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。
[即学即练]　 单句写作
It is important to_keep_calm in face of danger.
在面临危险时，保持镇静是重要的。
图形助记：
意境巧记“安静”四兄弟
4.aid n. & vt.帮助；援助；资助
(经典佳句)I couldn't speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.
我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。
(1)give first aid to sb.　　　　　　　　　　对某人急救
with the aid of　 在……的帮助下
(2)aid sb.in (doing) sth.　 帮助某人做某事
aid sb.with sth.　 以某事/物帮助某人
aid sb.to do sth.　 帮助某人做某事
①With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform first aid.
在老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。
②I'd be very grateful if you can aid me with my English.
如果你能帮助我学习英语我将不胜感激。
[即学即练]　 单句语法填空
(1)Neighbours aided him with money when he almost lost everything in the fire.
(2)He is so kind a boy that he often aided his mother to_clean (clean) the house.
发散思维：with the aid of 的同义词：with the help of
5.wave n．波浪，波涛；挥手　v．波动；起伏；挥手
(教材P54)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被9级地震引起的巨浪卷走了。

①She refused my suggestion with a wave of her hand.她摆摆手拒绝了我的建议。
②He waved to/at us as the bus drove off.
→He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)The policeman waved the driver to_stop (stop)．
(2)At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out of sight.
图形助记：
6.strike vi.&vt.打； 撞击； 罢工； 突然想到；打动，迷住；(钟) 敲； 侵袭　n．罢工
一词多义——写出下列句中strike的含义
(1)The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.打动，迷住
(2)The clock struck twelve when I got home last night.钟(报时)
(3)A terrible earthquake struck Japan, making 30,000 people or so lose their lives.侵袭
(4)A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper.突然想到
(1)be struck by...　　　　　　　　　　　　　　被……打动
 某人突然想起……
(2) be/go on strike 举行罢工[即学即练]　单句写作
我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。
It_suddenly_struck_me_that I should pay a visit to my teacher.
名师指津：
(1) strike 过去式、过去分词分别为：struck; struck/stricken
(2)“某人忽然想起”固定句式： It hit/struck sb. that…
7.deliver vt. 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)
(经典佳句)I feel highly honoured to be invited to deliver a speech at the meeting.
被邀请在会议上演讲我感到莫大的荣幸。
deliver sth.to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　投递/运送某物给……
deliver a speech 发表演说
①It was very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning.
你考虑得非常周到，每天早上把牛奶送到我们家门口。
②Hans was asked to deliver a speech on the graduation in Harvard University.
汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)The speech delivered (deliver) by the headmaster at the meeting yesterday left a deep impression on his students.
(2)I wonder why you refused to_deliver (deliver) my letters to my home last week.
图形助记：
8.effect n．结果；效力
(经典佳句) When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking.
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。
(1)have an effect on/upon　　　　　　　　　　对……产生影响
come into effect　 生效
side effect　 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的； 有影响的
①There is no doubt that reading books can have a good effect on the children.
不可否认，阅读书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。
②The measures taken by the local government will come into effect next month.
当地政府采取的措施将于下月生效。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects_ (effect) have been positive.
(2)As we all know, smoking has a bad effect on our health.
发散思维：不同的“影响”：
affect vt.影响
influence n. 影响
effect n. 影响
impact n. 影响
?第二板块|重点句型解构
1．句型公式： v．-ing作结果状语
(教材P54)The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.
最强大的地震在过去的40年里引起了海啸，昨天亚洲海岸线被毁，造成印尼、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家6 500多人死亡。
现在分词作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果。
不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
①Unfortunately his father died, leaving him a homeless boy.
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使他成为一个无家可归的孩子。
②To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, becoming the most beautiful building in our school.
首先，一座新的体育馆被建立起来，成为我校最美的建筑物。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)He hurried to the theatre, only to_find (find) that the tickets had been sold out.
(2)He got up late in the morning, missing (miss) the early bus.,
名师指津：动词-ing作结果状语，可转化为定语从句，如：
(1)He is always late for class, making his teacher angry.
(2)He is always late for class, which made his teacher angry.
他总是上学迟到，这使老师很生气。
2.句型公式： be doing...when...　正在做……，就在这时……
(教材P54)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐，这时家里开始充满了水。
when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型有：
be doing...when...　　　　　　　　　　　正在做……，就在这时……
be about to do... when... 正要做……，就在这时……
had just done...when... 刚做过……这时……
①We were having a meeting when someone broke in.当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。
②We were about to set out when it began to rain.我们正要动身，这时开始下雨了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
(2)I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
(3)I was_watching (watch) TV when my little brother burst in.
名师指津：牢记when的3种固定句型是解题的关键，when意味“正在这时”，而不是“当……时候”。
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．It is very important to keep calm_ (镇静的) when an earthquake breaks out.
2．Global warming is having a great_effect(影响)on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
3．They waved (挥手) to us to stay where we were.
4．You have the_power (能力) to live it well.
5．You are likely to sing or whistle_ (吹口哨) when you are happy.
6．It was said that the typhoon (台风)had caused a lot of damage.
7．In the city, the water_pipes (管道) in some buildings cracked and burst.
8．What I did was (to) turn off the_tap (水龙头).
9．Several hours later, the little boy was rescued with the aid/help (帮助) of the police.
10．I'm very glad that you can write me a summary (概要) of this report.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture delivered (deliver) by a professor from the UK.
2．What's more, it is another effective (effect) way to deal with the problem.
3．They felt it difficult to_finish (finish) the work in such a short time.
4．Today the number of people learning English in China is_increasing (increase) rapidly.
5．A wonderful idea struck (strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street.
6．The dustman swept (sweep) up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday.
7．The length (long) of the article should be about 800 words.
8．I was_having_ (have) a discussion with my friend about how to improve my English when my mother called me.
9．It was reported that as many as 157 people died at the air crash.
10．Several hours later, the little boy was rescued with the aid of the police.
Ⅲ.选词填空
go through； sweep away； in shock； in the open air； put up； on hand
1．They had to sleep in_the_open_air after the earthquake.
2．Always have your dictionary_on_hand_when you study.
3．I looked at my husband in_shock,_waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.
4．We don't clean the house for a few days, because we don't want to sweep_away good luck.
5．A week before Earth Day, posters were_put_up around our school, calling on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
6．He must have gone_through many difficulties before he succeeded.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．我正要放弃的时候，我最好的朋友鼓励我继续。
I was_about_to_give_up_when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
2．我突然想到我应该给妈妈买一条项链作为生日礼物。
It_hit/struck_me_that_I should buy a necklace for my mother as a birthday gift.
3．我们发现在现代社会学习一门外语是很有必要的。
We find_it_necessary_to_learn a foreign language in modern society.
课时作业 15
阅读理解
A
As I stuck in the mud (泥), with my bike on top of me, I wondered what had forced me to come here. Madagascar is not a good place for a cycling holiday: one of the world's poorest countries, only 11 percent of roadway is paved (铺). South of the town of Antalaha, where I started, the road was in worse condition.
I appeared from a week in the wilderness and reached the start of the Route National 5 at Maroantsetra, but my dream of a smooth road and speed was suddenly destroyed by mud. The “worst road in the country” changed my bicycle into a burden (负担) for days. Finally, I_was_claimed_by_the_road. Tired. Alone.
As I wiped (擦) the mud from my face and looked upwards, I was greeted by a Malagasy man. He helped me stand up and smiled playfully while he pointed to my bike, which sat next to his. I started again. But I fell again in the mud. Angrily, I told him to go on, but if he understood he showed no sign of it. His smile forced me back onto the bike. We continued like this for hours. But I fell less. Studying my quick guide, slowly I learned. As we passed through a village, a group of children saw me and shouted loudly. His only words were: “Their parents tell them while people steal and eat them. Funny, no？”
I tried to ask why, but he had already set off. I tried to catch up; as I got closer, he took it as a challenge and sped up. We raced along the road. I rode a little faster and I was just behind, about to catch up with him. With a smile, he sped up and was away, leaving me breathless.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在非洲马达加斯加骑行遇到困难的时候，一位当地人激励自己继续骑行的故事。
1．What was in the author's mind when he was in the mud?
A．He considered his experience a special pleasure.
B．He made up his mind to continue challenging himself.
C．He tried to think out a new road for cycling in Antalaha.
D．He regretted having the cycling holiday in Madagascar.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I wondered what had forced me to come here”及下文对马达加斯加当地路况的介绍可知，作者来到这里骑行发现路况很差，这让他后悔不已。
2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．The author chose another road.
B．The author decided to ask for help.
C．The author lay on the road for a rest.
D．The author had no confidence to ride on.
答案与解析：D　句意理解题。根据第二段中的“but my dream of a smooth road... for days”及Tired可知，泥泞的道路使作者疲惫不堪，让他失去了继续骑行的信心。
3．How did the Malagasy man help the author?
A．By showing him the right way.
B．By wiping the mud from his bike.
C．By riding in front of him all the way.
D．By teaching him how to ride in the mud.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Studying my quick guide”及第四段中的“I tried to catch up; as I got closer, he took it as a challenge and sped up”可知，那个马达加斯加男人一直在作者前面骑行来鼓励他。
4．What's the best title for the text?
A．A lonely trip B．A bicycle race
C．A lesson in cycling D．A road in Madagascar
答案与解析：C　标题归纳题。根据文中作者在马达加斯加骑行遇到困难时受到一位当地人的帮助可知，作者从中受益匪浅。
B
Raccoons are smaller relatives of bears. They are native to North America, but they can also be found in Asia and Europe. Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water, but they can be often found near urban areas. There are about 7 different species of raccoons. Pygmy raccoon is the only endangered species.
Raccoons usually reach 40 to 70cm in length and weigh between 5-26kg. Raccoons that live in colder climates are larger and heavier. They have grayish fur, black masks around eyes and long tails covered with black and brown bands. Because of their tails, they are also called “ringtail”．
Raccoons_are_omnivores. They like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so on. Raccoon's hands look like human's. They each have five fingers and are used to collect food, open shells, door or trash cans. Raccoons often place food in water before they start to eat it. They have highly sensitive sense of touch and water increases their sensitivity even more. By touching the food, they get better insight about things they will eat.
They are easily adaptable (适应的) to various environments. They can live in hollow (中空的) trees equally happily like they can in useless cars. Raccoons live on their own and hunt at night. They don't hibernate (冬眠), but they spend the coldest days of winters in their holes.
Mating (交配) season takes place from January to mid March. Two months later, female will give birth to 3-4 babies. Their tails don't have bands, and the mask around eyes is still missing. Mother is very protective and she will teach them how to survive and what to eat as they become-ready to leave the hole. Raccoons usually can live only 1.8 to 3.1 years in the wild, but they can live up to 20 years at a zoo.
Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to home-raised animals and people, which is very dangerous. What's more, their waste often has roundworms.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了与浣熊有关的一些知识。
5．What do we learn about raccoons?
A．They love living near water.
B．They are at risk of dying out.
C．They love getting close to humans.
D．They only live in areas far from urban areas.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water”以及第三段的“Raccoons often place food in water before they start to eat it.”可推断，浣熊喜欢住在水边。
6．What does the author most probably mean by saying “Raccoons are omnivores”？
A．They don't hibernate.
B．They are very large animals.
C．They are sensitive to foods' tastes.
D．They feed on many different types of food.
答案与解析：D　句意理解题。根据第三段的“They like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so on.”可推测，作者是指：浣熊是杂食动物。
7．What are raccoons good at?
A．Finding food in deep water.
B．Using their feet to open food.
C．Adapting to a new environment.
D．Telling differences among smells.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段的“They are easily adaptable to various environments.”可知，浣熊很擅长在新的环境里生活。
8．After reading the text, we can say that ________.
A．raccoons like attacking humans
B．people consider raccoons very lovely
C．raccoons and bears have a lot in common
D．it's better that humans keep away from raccoons
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据末段的“Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to home-raised animals and people, which is very dangerous. What's more, their waste often has roundworms.”可推测，人还是不要接触浣熊比较好。
C
Angus, Doris, Gabriel and Kamil are some of the 21 names that have been chosen to be given to storms in the UK in the 2016/17 season.
The Met Office, the UK's national weather service, decided to give storms boys' and girls' names in 2015 in the same way as they did in America.
The Met Office hopes that naming big storms will mean people are more aware (意识到) of them and how dangerous they can be. Derrick Ryall, from the Met Office, said, “We have seen how naming storms elsewhere in the world raises people's awareness of storms before they break.”
In the past, the same UK storm could be given different names by different organisations. “We noticed that many organisations during the last couple of winters, when we have had bad storms, started giving names to them. Think back to the St Jude's Day storm in 2013, and the so-called Hurricane Bawbag in Scotland in 2011. But it led to confusion (混乱)，” a Met Office spokeswoman said.
According to the Met Office, there is a name for each letter of the whole alphabet (字母表), except for Q，U，X，Y and Z. That is the same as the naming tradition used in America. And not all storms will be big enough to get names — only those expected to cause great damage.
If there are more than 21 storms in a year, the Met Office will start again with another name beginning with “A”. However, according to Met Office spokeswoman Lindsay Mears, “It's unlikely we would get through the whole alphabet in one season. We had 14 storms in the very bad winter of 2013/14, and if the naming system had been in operation then we wouldn't have used the whole alphabet.”
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英国为暴风雨命名的情况。
9．Why are storms in the UK named?
A．To increase public awareness of them.
B．To remind people of their short stay.
C．To follow what other countries did.
D．To meet the needs of its people.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由第三段中的“naming big storms will mean people are more aware of them and how dangerous they can be”和“how naming storms elsewhere in the world raises people's awareness of storms before they break”可推断，英国为暴风雨命名是为了增强人们对暴风雨的了解和防范意识。
10．Examples are given in Paragraph 4 to show ________.
A．there're many storms to name in a year
B．organisations named storms differently
C．some storms' names are similar to others'
D．some storms' names are hard to understand
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。本段的主题句是“In the past, the same UK storm could be given different names by different organisations，”下文通过举例说明该主题。
11．What do we know about the names given to storms?
A．Storms will be given names whatever their sizes.
B．Serious storms will be given boy's names.
C．21 letters will be used to begin the names.
D．21 names will be given at most in a year.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“there is a name for each letter of the whole alphabet, except for Q, U, X, Y and Z”和最后一段中的“If there are more than 21 storms in a year”可知，在为暴风雨命名的时候，会以21个字母(字母表一共26个字母，除了Q，U，X，Y，Z之外还有21个)开头。
12．What can be learned from Lindsay Mears?
A．There are not too many big storms yearly.
B．Action will be taken to prevent storms.
C．There are usually 14 storms in a year.
D．The naming system will not change.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Lindsay Mears”所说的“It's unlikely we would get through the whole alphabet in one season. We had 14 storms in the very bad winter of 2013/14... we wouldn't have used the whole alphabet”可推断，她认为英国每年不会发生那么多暴风雨，因此不会使用完21个字母作为名字的开头来命名暴风雨。
课件55张PPT。Section Ⅴ　Writing — 如何写新闻报道
技法指导　　
新闻报道是记叙文的一种，其特点是以事实为依据，对人的经历或事件给予明确的、实事求是的报道。新闻报道和新闻评论有时候是结合在一起的，所以在讲述事实之后，可以发表作者的评论。
新闻报道的语言偏正式，要求具体、准确、精练。人称可以用第三人称或第一人称。在时态方面，叙述事件用过去时，评论常用一般现在时。
[谋篇布局]
新闻报道往往分四个部分来写。
第一部分：标题。
第二部分：导语。大体交代新闻事件，主要包含新闻事件发生的时间、地点、所涉及的人物及缘由等。
第三部分：主体。描述事件过程。
第四部分：结语。总结全文或发表评论。
[常用表达]
1．导语部分
①According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after graduation.根据最近的一项调查，大约78.9%的大学生想毕业后继续深造。
②The weather was fine, and a large number of people went to climb the West Hill.
天气很好，很多人去爬西山。
③Great changes have taken place in China.
中国发生了巨大的变化。
④Thanks to Project Hope, great changes have taken place in this western country school.多亏了希望工程，西部的这所乡村学校发生了巨大的变化。
2．主体部分
①To solve the problem, some measures should be taken.为了解决这个问题，(我们)应该采取一些措施。
②As we all know, the Internet is playing an important part in our everyday life.众所周知，互联网在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。
③The number of the injured in the accident has reached more than 12.
这场事故中受伤的人已经超过12个。
3．结束语部分
①We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
②With the rapid development of society, our country will surely have a brighter future.
随着社会的快速发展，我们的国家一定会有更光明的未来。
③I suggest that the government should do something more to solve the serious problems.
我建议政府应该做更多的工作来解决这些严重的问题。
④We have every reason to believe that the development will be a great success.
我们完全有理由相信这次发展会很成功。
精品展示　　
5月25日，你校学生会组织了为西藏地震灾区捐款的活动。同学们踊跃参加，共筹得善款35 000元。假如你是校英语报的记者李华，请按以下要点用英语写一则新闻报道。
1．时间、地点、任务、活动；
2．同学们的反应。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计入总词数)；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Students Donate Money to Disaster Area
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By Li Hua，
School Newspaper
[审题谋篇]
第一步：明确要求
该写作属于应用文新闻报道，主要报道为西藏地震灾区捐款的活动，故应该用一般过去时；以第一、三人称为主。
第二步： 确定段落
第一段：活动简介
第二段：活动背景及活动过程
第三段：心得感受
第三步： 提炼要点
1．donate_money_to_the_disaster_area 　　向受灾地区捐款
2．hold 举办
3．hit/shake　 袭击
4．be_destroyed 被破坏
5．show_great_concern_about 非常关心
6．take_part_in_the_donation_activity 参加捐款活动
7．a_great_number_of 许多
第四步：句式升级
1．学生会在5月25日举办了一场为灾区捐款的活动。
(一般表达)The Students' Union held an activity on May 25. The activity was to donate money to the disaster area.
(高级表达)In_order_to_donate_money_to_the_disaster_area,_the Students' Union held an activity on May 25. (不定式作目的状语)
2．一些西藏地区靠近尼泊尔的房子在事故中受到破坏。(定语从句)
(一般表达)Some houses in Tibet were destroyed in the accident. The houses are close to Nepal.
(高级表达)Some houses in Tibet，which_are_close_to Nepal, were destroyed in the accident.
3．我们都知道尼泊尔发生了大地震。
(一般表达)We all know that a big earthquake hit Nepal.
(高级表达)As_is_known_to_us , a big earthquake hit Nepal.(升级为定语从句)
4．许多学生参加了在我们图书馆举行的捐赠活动。
(一般表达)Many students took part in the donation activity. The activity was held in our library.
(高级表达)Many students took part in the donation activity held_in_our_library. (过去分词作定语)
[连句成篇]
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参考范文：
Students Donate Money to Disaster Area
In order to donate money to the disaster area, the Students' Union held an activity on May 25.
As we know, a big earthquake hit Nepal on April 25.And some houses in Tibet, which are close to Nepal, were destroyed in the accident. Therefore, to show our concern about the victims, a great number of students in our school took part in the donation activity held in our library. It started from eight o'clock and lasted two hours. In the end, 35,000 yuan was collected and given to the Red Cross in our city.
We were very glad to give our pocket money away.
By Li Hua，
School Newspaper
单元检测卷(五)
选择题部分
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man ask the woman to do?
A．Finish a report. B．Type a letter.
C．Type a report.
2．What do we know about the new English teacher?
A．He is strict. B．He is sick.
C．He is patient.
3．What is the woman going to do?
A．Post something. B．Look for friends.
C．Do some shopping.
4．What does the woman want to do?
A．Have a swim. B．Watch a game.
C．Look for someone.
5．What do we know from the dialogue?
A．There aren't many people in the street.
B．The weather is terrible today.
C．The traffic is heavy at the time.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What are the speakers going to do tonight?
A．See a movie. B．Have a meal together.
C．Chat on the Internet.
7．When do the speakers plan to meet?
A．At about 8：10 pm. B．At about 8：20 pm.
C．At about 8：30 pm.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What is wrong with the man?
A．He has a running nose and a fever.
B．He has a fever and a cough.
C．He has a cough and a running nose.
9．How long has the man been sick?
A．For one or two days.
B．For two or three days.
C．For three or four days.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What does the man want to do?
A．Return some books.
B．Borrow some books.
C．Buy some books.
11．Where are cultural books?
A．On the 2nd floor. B．On the 3rd floor.
C．On the 4th floor.
12．What can we know about the woman?
A．She works there.
B．She lives there.
C．She studies there.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Why did the woman buy the dress?
A．For a party. B．For a lecture.
C．For an interview.
14．How much was taken off the price of the dress?
A．10% B．20%
C．30%
15．What did the man think of the book?
A．Relaxing. B．Boring.
C．Helpful.
16．Where is probably Mike now?
A．At home. B．At school.
C．In hospital.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What was Phillip?
A．A poet. B．A teacher.
C．A doctor.
18．Why did that old man dial that number the first time?
A．He wanted to talk to Phillip.
B．He dialed the wrong number.
C．He was interested in poems.
19．How old was John when he knew Phillip?
A．60 years old. B．63 years old.
C．73 years old.
20．What do the two men like doing?
A．Going out with friends.
B．Talking over the phone.
C．Drinking coffee together.
答案：
1～5　BCAAC　6～10　ABCBC　11～15　CABCB
16～20　CBBAB
听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Could you possibly type this letter?
W：I'm sorry, but I can't. I have to finish this report for the boss.
M：All right.
(Text 2)
M：How do you like your new English teacher?
W：I like him very much. He's really patient.
(Text 3)
W：Excuse me. Could you please tell me if there's a post office nearby?
M：Yes. There's a post office two blocks up the street.
(Text 4)
W：Are people allowed to swim here?
M：No, they aren't.
W：Thanks.
(Text 5)
W：Traffic is terrible today, isn't it?
M：Excuse me?
W：I was just saying traffic is terrible today.
M：Oh, yes. It is.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
(Text 6)
M：Hey, Ann. Do you know when the movie starts tonight?
W：At half past eight. Where do you want to meet?
M：How about the KFC near my home? It'll be easier if we meet there.
W：OK. Let's meet about ten minutes before the movie begins.
M：OK. By the way, have you bought the tickets?
W：Yes. I've already bought them on the Internet. All we have to do is get them at the cinema.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
(Text 7)
W：Take a seat, young man. What's wrong with you?
M：Well, I have a terrible cough and a running nose.
W：I see. How long have you been feeling this way?
M：For about two or three days. It started the day after I went swimming with some friends on Monday.
W：I'm afraid you've got a cold. Do you have a temperature?
M：No. I don't think so.
W：OK. I'll just listen to your chest. Now breathe in and out slowly. And again. Good. That's it. Well, I don't think it's serious. You just need to take some medicine.
M：That's great. I was really worried.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
(Text 8)
W：Hi, can I help you?
M：Yes, please. I want to buy a book, but I don't know where it is.
W：What kind of book do you want? You know, different kinds of books are on different floors.
M：I'm look for a book on American culture.
W：In this case, you need to go upstairs. Cultural books are on the fourth floor.
M：Thanks. But I also need to find a math exercise book.
W：Exercise books are on the second floor. You need to go downstairs.
M：Thanks. It seems that you know the books here very well. Do you often buy books here?
W：No, I'm a volunteer here. It's my duty to put the books back in the right places.
M：No wonder. Well, thank you very much.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
(Text 9)
W：I've just bought a new dress. What do you think of it?
M：You look really great in it. So are you going to a job interview or a party?
W：No. I was invited to give a talk in my school.
M：So how much did you pay for it?
W：I paid just 70 dollars for it. I saved 30 dollars.
M：That's really a bargain.
W：You're right. Well, what did you do while I was out shopping?
M：I watched TV for a while and then I did some reading. It wasn't a very interesting book, so I just read a few pages. Then I took a shower.
W：I thought you said you were going to see Mike.
M：I'll go and visit him at his home tomorrow. He'll return home tomorrow morning.
W：I'm glad he can finally return home after that accident.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
(Text 10)
In February, 2005, my uncle Phillip was teaching his seventh-grade students a poem called Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. He liked the poem very much, so he recorded it on his home answering machine. When Phillip and his family returned home from their vacation, he listened to his voice messages. One old man said he dialed the wrong number. But, he added, he'd really enjoyed the poem. A few days later, that old man called. He said that he wanted to hear the poem again. The two men talked. John, now 73, who used to be a doctor, lived in another state. It turned out that his brother's number was almost the same as my uncle's. That was 13 years ago. They've spoken on the phone a few times a month ever since. They haven't gone to a game together or had a cup of coffee together. Their friendship is just to pick up the phone. And to them their best friend is someone they've never met.
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
My two daughters and I got into the car to spend our weekend in Florida. Autumn, the elder one, offered to drive. I sat next to her, and Amber sat in back. After setting off, the three of us sang to the radio at the top of our voice.
It was a great trip until the rain poured and the rain was too heavy. “I have to pull over，” Autumn said. She tried to enter the far right lane (车道) to find a place to stop, but trucks ran fast, making water onto our car. The car was out of control, then worse — it started to move left and right. Autumn fought to control it but it was too late. We ran into a truck. The girls jumped out of the car. My chest felt much pain.
“Get out, Mom. Come on！” Amber cried. “I can't，” I said. Autumn took out her cellphone, “There's been an accident. Send an ambulance (救护车)！” Amber and Autumn pulled me out of the car and helped me lie on my back in the grassy area by the roadside. I had to calm myself and looked up. A man held a large umbrella over me and other kind faces appeared above me. A woman helped to treat a cut over Amber's eye. Another woman came close to me and said, “No one in the truck was injured. Help was on the way.” The woman mentioned she was a nurse; the other woman who took care of Amber's cut was an eye specialist. We couldn't have asked for better care.
In the hospital the pain in my chest began to disappear. Later, the tests at the hospital made sure we had no serious injuries. We'd left all our troubles behind thanks to these kind people, who seemed to be angels (天使) in my eyes.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文，主题语境是生活。瓢泼大雨中作者的车子出了车祸。她们被好心人救护。后来雨过天晴，经检查，她们的伤势都不太严重。她认为那些帮助她们的人是天使。
21．How did the author and her two daughters feel after setting out?
A．They were worried about the weather.
B．They enjoyed themselves greatly.
C．They thought it was a long journey.
D．They felt lucky to take the journey.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。由第一段的“the three of us sang to the radio at the top of our voice”及第二段开头的“It was a great trip”可知，作者和她的两个女儿非常高兴。文中体现不出lucky，故D项错误。
22．What was Autumn going to do when the rain poured?
A．To stop by the roadside.
B．To follow the truck closely.
C．To get into the fast traffic lane.
D．To move the car left and right.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“She tried to enter the far right lane to find a place to stop”可知，雨下得非常大，Autumn想到路旁停车，所以她往最右边车道变道。
23．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Unexpected heavy rain
B．Leave our troubles behind
C．Kind angels saved the day
D．My two kind daughters
答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。作者一家在雨中遭遇了一场车祸，但一些陌生人尽力帮助她们。在她看来这些人就像天使一样出现在她们面前。
B
Our street is a short, one-way street, four blocks from the Charles River. It's lined with three-family homes, built at the turn of the century for people who worked at factories and needed places to live.
There are families and single people, older couples and students in this street. There are Greeks and Chinese and white Americans.
If you head down the street and make a left turn, you may run across Billy Davis. He was born on that street and is now a retiree (退休人士). He'll tell you all about Cambridge in the old days. He'll tell you how he couldn't act_up because there were so many watching mamas on his street and they all had eyes on the naughty (顽皮的) kids in the neighbourhood. He might do something wrong, but the minute he walked in his own house, his mum would say “Hey, what were you doing down at the park？” and it was all over. His stories need telling and we are eager (渴望的) listeners.
Walk over a block and you reach our neighbourhood mechanic, Phil. He's the best mechanic in all Cambridge and will give you fair prices and honest statements of what's wrong with your car.
Walk the other way to Central Square and you'll come across the Village Grill, run by Theo and Helen. It's a small neighbourhood restaurant. Whatever you order, you will always find it is worth every penny (便士). You don't just pay for food, but you pay for conversation and it is always interesting. Theo and Helen are Greek, so the conversation turns Greek sometimes.
I walk out of the house on this Monday morning, and smile at my neighbourhood. It's going to be a hot day, and tonight will see many of us at our front door, observing (观察) each other through plants.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了作者所居住的街区，包括街区的基本情况、街坊邻居、餐馆等。
24．What do the underlined words “act up” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Behave badly. B．Play games.
C．Travel alone. D．Give performances.
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。由下文中的“there were so many watching mamas... had eyes on the naughty kids”以及“He might do something wrong, but... it was all over”可知，邻居的女人们都会注意淘气孩子们的举动，一旦谁家的孩子做了错事，就会告诉他的家长；所以，Billy Davis小时候不敢做坏事，不然会被妈妈知道；因此，act up意为“举止不当”。
25．What does Billy Davis like to do?
A．Play jokes on people.
B．Walk around the street.
C．Tell stories about the old days.
D．Watch naughty kids in the street.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“He'll tell you all about Cambridge in the old days. He'll tell you how he couldn't act up”以及“His stories need telling and we are eager listeners”可知，Billy Davis喜欢讲旧日的故事。
26．What can we infer from Paragraph 5?
A．The author likes having meals in the Village Grill.
B．The restaurant owners have a good sense of humour.
C．The food in the Village Grill is expensive but delicious.
D．The restaurant owners usually talk with their customers.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。由第五段中的“You don't just pay for food, but you pay for conversation... turns Greek sometimes”可知，去该餐馆花钱吃饭的客人不仅能享受美食，还能享受有趣的聊天，而来自希腊的店主有时会让聊天变得颇具希腊特点；因此可推断，餐馆主人经常与食客聊天。
C
Sometimes people make history. George Washington became the first president of the United States and made history. Sometimes wars make history. The two World Wars are examples. Sometimes nature even becomes part of history. Shaking earthquakes are recorded in history books.
Thirteen years ago, nature caused just such a history-making event. In September 2005, Hurricane Katrina came ashore in New Orleans, Louisiana. The deadly storm flooded (淹没) New Orleans. Before Katrina, no other big American city had ever flooded in the history of the country. This natural disaster caused great harm and death.
New Orleans is located (位于) below sea level. This location places it at great risk. Levees were built to protect New Orleans from the ocean. (A levee is like a wall between the city and the ocean.) When Hurricane Katrina came ashore, water moved over the levees into the city. Flooding made it necessary for everyone to leave the city. Before Katrina, Creole food (a special kind of cooking only in Louisiana) filled the air with delicious smells. The sound of jazz music traveled through the streets. Now the city has to return to its former glory (辉煌)．
Before Katrina, the U．S. government had never made everyone leave a city. People in New Orleans had to find shelter quickly. Some had to stay at the Superdome Sports Center. Some rode on buses to other towns. Thousands drove their cars to get away from the storm. The roads and shelters filled up fast.
The lesson learned from Katrina was that cities must be better prepared for big storms and other terrible disasters caused by nature. Being prepared might have kept more people safe. Hurricane Katrina is one of the history-making events that will be remembered forever. Today, history is still being made that will shape the future.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了卡特里娜飓风给美国新奥尔良市所造成的改变。
27．What does the author tell us about New Orleans?
A．It was built above sea level.
B．It had few jazz musicians after Katrina.
C．It created a new way to cook after Katrina.
D．It was the first U．S. city that had been flooded.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由第二段中的“Before Katrina, no other big American city had ever flooded in the history of the country”可知，新奥尔良市是美国第一个被洪水淹没的城市。
28．What can we say about the levees?
A．They were almost useless for fighting Katrina.
B．They helped people leave New Orleans quickly.
C．They made New Orleans a special American city.
D．They should be built to match the size of New Orleans.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由第三段中的“When Hurricane Katrina came ashore, water moved over the levees into the city”可知，在对抗卡特里娜飓风的时候，防洪堤几乎没有什么作用。
29．What might the author advise city governments to do?
A．Put up more shelters in the city.
B．Build more levees around the city.
C．Teach people how to avoid floods.
D．Try to get ready for natural disasters.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“The lesson learned from Katrina was that cities must be better prepared for big storms and other terrible disasters caused by nature”可知，作者实际上是建议市政府应该努力为预防自然灾害做好准备。
30．What is the best title for the text?
A．Katrina makes history
B．Floods shape Louisiana
C．Storms are dangerous
D．History must be remembered
答案与解析：A　标题归纳题。由文章首段的关键词“make history”以及下文介绍说明卡特里娜飓风给新奥尔良市所造成的巨大改变可知，A项作标题可以全面概括本文主旨。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Go green
Are you worried about our earth? Do you want to do what you can to save it? __31__ It may seem like the actions of one person won't make a difference, but there are actually many ways you can help. Here are some of them.
Turn it off.
Turn off anything that uses electricity when not in use. __32__ If you leave your television on or don't turn off lights, it's wasting electricity. Remember to turn things off when you don't need them.
Start recycling(回收利用)．
It's not just paper, plastic and glass that can be recycled — clothes can be, too. __33__ It's good for the environment and you'll get a new look for free!
__34__
You don't have to travel far to get what you need, and products don't have to travel far to get to you, either. Shop at farmers' markets and buy food that was produced as close to your home as possible. And when you're online shopping, try to find things that won't have to travel long distances.
Save water.
If you don't let the water run when you're brushing your teeth and take showers instead of baths, you will be using less water and less energy — but you'll still be just as clean! __35__ Use a method that requires less water to get the dishes clean.
A．Buy things nearby.
B．Think before you eat.
C．It's hard to know where to start.
D．Turn short jeans you've grown out of into shorts.
E．Also, don't wash dishes with the water running continuously.
F．This goes for lights, televisions, computers, printers, and so on.
G．Bring a reusable water bottle with you when travelling or at work.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了几种保护环境的方法。
31．答案与解析：C　C项“It's hard to know where to start”和下文中的“but there are actually many ways you can help”在语意上构成转折，符合语境。
32．答案与解析：F　F项中的“lights, televisions, computers, printers”呼应上文中的“electricity”和下文中的“television”和“lights”。
33．答案与解析：D　D项中的jeans和shorts呼应上文中的clothes。且D项表达的内容符合上文中提到的“can be recycled”。
34．答案与解析：A　A项中的nearby呼应下文中的“don't have to travel far”和“as close to your home as possible”。
35．答案与解析：E　E项中的wash dishes呼应下文中的“get the dishes clean”。且E项中的“don't wash dishes with the water running continuously”和上文中的“you don't let the water run when you're brushing your teeth and take showers”构成并列关系，E项中的Also承接上文。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
After moving into my mother's home to look after her following an illness, I found myself thinking about my own __36__. It was clear that I __37__ to find something that would help me __38__ the house more often.
I found my __39__ while standing in line at the store checkout one sunny spring day. Red words on the cover of a magazine caught my __40__， “Walk Off Weight！”
After __41__ the advantages of walking, I knew I had found the perfect __42__ that would not only make me spend more time outdoors, but would also help me keep __43__.
I didn't start walking four miles right away; I began __44__. After a few weeks, I __45__ from walking two miles every day to between four and six miles every day. My __46__ increased from about three miles per hour to over four.
It wasn't long before I began to notice the many __47__ in both my physical and emotional (情绪的) health.
I lost __48__. The extra (额外的) fat I'd been carrying around my stomach disappeared. My body was __49__ and became more shapely. Even my back pain had __50__！
The advantages to my emotional health were also great. My spirits lifted with each passing day. I could hardly __51__ to get up each morning. With more self-confidence, I also found myself to be more sociable and that I began to __52__ meeting new people.
__53__ my mother became less of a tiring task. Feeling __54__， I was able to look after her with great enthusiasm (热情). I __55__ her to try to become as healthy and as happy as I felt.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者在照顾生病的母亲时开始关注自己的健康。偶然了解散步的好处后，作者开始坚持散步，不久就发现自己的身体和情绪方面有了很大的变化。
36．A.dream B．plan
C．health D．work
答案与解析：C　由本句中的“look after her following an illness”以及下文的描述可知，“我”发现“我”开始关注自己的“健康(health)”。
37．A.needed B．refused
C．failed D．forgot
答案：A
38．A.live in B．move into
C．get out of D．keep away from
答案与解析：C　由上文中的“I found myself thinking about”以及下文中的“make me spend more time outdoors”可知，“我”“需要(needed)”找一些能激励“我”“走出(get out of)”房间的事情来做。
39．A.purpose B．answer
C．job D．hobby
答案与解析：B　由上文中的“to find something... the house more often”以及下文中的“Walk Off Weight”可知，“我”找到了“解决办法(answer)”。
40．A.eye B．leg
C．hand D．arm
答案与解析：A　由上文中的“standing in line at the store checkout one sunny spring day”以及本句中的“Walk Off Weight”可知，一本杂志封面上红色的字“吸引了我的注意(caught my eye)”。
41．A.talking about B．reading about
C．hearing about D．writing about
答案：B
42．A.thought B．behavior
C．advice D．activity
答案：D
43．A.fit B．safe
C．quiet D．busy
答案与解析：A　由第二段以及下文的描述可知，“读了(reading about)”散步的种种好处后，“我”明白“我”找到了一项不仅能让自己多待在户外而且能帮助“我”保持“健康(fit)”的最佳“活动(activity)”。
44．A.suddenly B．quickly
C．slowly D．finally
答案：C
45．A.progressed B．left
C．followed D．ended
答案与解析：A　由上文中的“I didn't start walking four miles right away”可知，“我”开始很“慢(slowly)”。几周后，“我”从每天步行两英里“增加(progressed)”到每天四到六英里。
46．A.time B．speed
C．age D．size
答案与解析：B　由本句中的“three miles per hour to over four”可知，此处指的是“我”的步行“速度(speed)”。
47．A.changes B．differences
C．problems D．chances
答案与解析：A　由下文几段的描述可知，不久“我”开始注意到自己在身体和情绪方面的诸多“变化(changes)”。
48．A.touch B．interest
C．heart D．weight
答案与解析：D　由下文中的“The extra fat I'd been carrying around my stomach disappeared”可知，“我”“体重(weight)”减轻了。
49．A.held up B．brought up
C．given up D．built up
答案：D
50．A.appeared B．gone
C．returned D．increased
答案与解析：B　结合语境可知，“我”开始散步不久，就发现自己的身体有了积极的变化。因此，此处表示“我”的体质“增强了(built up)”，背部疼痛也“消失了(gone)”。
51．A.stop B．manage
C．wait D．promise
答案与解析：C　由上文中的“The advantages to... with each passing day”可知，“我”每天早上“迫不及待(could hardly wait)”地起床。
52．A.avoid B．enjoy
C．regret D．remember
答案与解析：B　由“With more... be more sociable”可知，“我”开始“喜欢(enjoy)”结识新朋友。
53．A.Waiting for B．Working for
C．Searching for D．Caring for
答案：D
54．A.lonely B．proud
C．lively D．worried
答案与解析：C　由第一段中的“After moving into my mother's home to look after her following an illness”以及最后一段中的“I was able to look after her with great enthusiasm”可知，“照顾(Caring for)”母亲不再是一件累人的工作。“我”感到“精力充沛(lively)”，因此能够以极大的热情照顾她。
55．A.encouraged B．forced
C．required D．allowed
答案与解析：A　由第一段的描述可知，“我”母亲生病了，因此，“我”“鼓励(encouraged)”母亲努力变得像“我”一样健康快乐。
非选择题部分
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
On September 19,2017, a deadly earthquake 56.________ (hit) Mexico, killing more than 300 people 57.________ destroying many buildings in the nation's capital, Mexico City. In the days that followed, rescue teams went out to search 58.________ people trapped by the earthquake. Among the humans digging through the ruins was a four-legged helper 59.________ (name) Frida.
Frida, a rescue dog, was named after Mexican painter Frida Kahlo. She is a sniffer dog (嗅探犬) with the Mexican Navy (海军). She is a 60.________ (value) member of her team, often getting into spaces that humans can't reach. According to the Navy, she has a “sixth sense” for 61.________ (find) humans, and that's unlike any other dog they've ever trained before. 62.________ is her job to sniff out people trapped by natural disasters. Frida has found 52 people after earthquakes and other disasters in Mexico, Haiti and Ecuador, and 12 of 63.________ (they) were found alive and 64.________ (successful) rescued.
Since the Mexican Navy shared a picture of the rescue dog on the Internet, Frida has been considered a hero. Like the rest of rescue 65.________ (worker), she is a hero to the victims (受害者) and their loved ones.
56．答案与解析：hit　考查一般过去时。由“On September 19,2017”可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，故填hit。hit在此意为“袭击，殃及”。
57．答案与解析：and　考查连词。设空处连接两个并列的动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，故填and。
58．答案与解析：for　考查介词。search for...意为“搜寻……，寻找……”。
59．答案与解析：named　考查过去分词作定语的用法。此处表示“一位叫Frida的帮手”，name与helper之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填named。
60．答案与解析：valuable　考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，修饰member，由“often getting into spaces that humans can't reach”可知，此处表示“宝贵的”，故填valuable。
61．答案与解析：finding　考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词for的宾语，故填finding。
62．答案与解析：It　考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是to sniff out people trapped by natural disasters，故填It。
63．答案与解析：them　考查代词。设空处作宾语，表示“他们”，故填宾格them。
64．答案与解析：successfully　考查副词。设空处作状语修饰过去分词rescued，表示“成功地”，故填successfully。
65．答案与解析：workers　考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，worker是可数名词，由the rest of可知，此处应用名词复数，故填workers。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是你校英语杂志特约小记者，上周你校开展了“爱心包裹”(Loving Parcels)捐赠活动，给地震灾区的学生捐赠物品。请根据以下内容，写一篇新闻报道：
活动内容：
1．全校师生捐赠物品；
2．填写爱心祝福卡片；
3．将包裹寄送给灾区学生。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
答案：
Loving Parcels
In order to help the students in the earthquake-hit area, our school held a “Loving Parcels” donation activity last week.
All of the teachers and students took an active part in the activity. They donated their clothes, books, and schoolbags. All of them were badly needed in the earthquake-hit area. In addition, they also wrote down the best wishes to them on cards, which would be collected and sent to the schools that were affected by the earthquake.
The activity not only helped us express our care for the students and send our sincere wishes to them but it also taught us that we should cherish what we have.
第二节　读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A big earthquake hit a small town. In the middle of the chaos, a father left his wife securely at home and rushed to the school where his_son was supposed to be, only to discover that the building was as flat as a pancake.
As he looked at the pile of debris (废墟) that once was the school, tears began to fill his eyes. After the initial sadness and shock, he remembered the promise he had made to his son, “No matter what happens, I'll always be there for you！” Remembering his son's classroom would be in the back right corner of the building, he rushed there and started digging through the stones.
As he was digging, other parents arrived, clapping hands to their chests, saying，“My son！”“My daughter！”Other well-meaning parents tried to pull him off what was left of the school, saying，“It's too late！”“They're dead！”“You're just going to make things worse！”
To each parent he answered with one line, “Are you going to help me now？”And then he kept digging for his son, stone by stone.
The fire chief (消防队长) showed_up and tried to pull him off the school's debris, saying, “Fires are breaking out. Explosions are happening everywhere. You're in danger. We'll take care of it. Go home.” This loving, caring father asked, “Are you going to help me now？”
The police came and said, “You're angry, mad and it's over. You put others in_danger. Go home. We'll handle it！” He replied, “Are you going to help me now？”No one helped. Courageously he dug alone because he needed to know for himself：“Is my boy alive or is he dead？”
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
He dug for 8 hours... 12 hours... 24 hours... 36 hours... and then, in the 38th hour, he pulled back a big stone and heard some noise.____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
“How many of you are there below？” he shouted._________
____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
答案：
Paragraph 1：
He dug for 8 hours... 12 hours... 24 hours... 36 hours... and then, in the 38th hour, he pulled back a big stone and heard some noise. He called out his_son's name, “Armand！” He heard a voice, “Dad？！ It's me, Dad！” It was his son! He was still alive! He felt wild with joy and shouted, “Armand, are you OK？” His son shouted loud back. “Dad, I'm OK. I know you'll come! I told the other kids not to worry. I told them that if my father were alive, he would save me. When he saved me, they would be saved. You promised, ‘No_matter_what_happens,_I'll_always_be_there_for_you！’You did it, Dad！”
Paragraph 2：
“How many of you are there below？” he shouted. “There are 14 of us left out of 33. We're scared and hungry. When the building fell down in the earthquake,_it made a triangle area, and it saved us.” “Come on out, boy！”“No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, because I know you'll get me! No matter what happens, I know you'll be there for me！”
课件16张PPT。课时作业 13
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
There was an earthquake this morning. I was working in front of my computer when it hit the city. The quake started with a sudden loud noise. I thought that something heavy in a neighbor's house probably had fallen. However, the walls and the floor began to shake. I finally realized it was an earthquake.
My son Zac, a sixteen-year-old boy, was sleeping with his door locked. Being sixteen, he can sleep through any kind of noise. “Zac！” I shouted. “Are you OK？” But nobody replied. I was a little worried. I couldn't imagine that someone was able to get such a deep sleep. The house was dancing. There were waves in the swimming pool. I was afraid the house would come down. “Zac！” I yelled, knocking on his door with an open palm (手掌). “Zac! Wake up! It's an earthquake! We need to get out！”
My son finally emerged in his underpants. We looked around the room. I knew that we should hide under a table to stop things from falling on us and stay away from glass. Unfortunately, none of our furniture was designed for hiding under. “Should we go into the garden？” Zac asked. “No, trees could fall on us！” I said. Actually, Zac had done earthquake drills (训练) at school. He must have been told to hide under a desk and cover his head. But we had nothing to cover our heads in the house.
Luckily, before we took any action, the windows stopped moving and the pool calmed down. Everything went back to normal soon. But both my son and I knew what we should do, because we knew if there had been a really big earthquake this morning, we couldn't have escaped from it.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。一场地震让作者和她儿子知道要防患于未然。
1．When the earthquake started, the author ________.
A．didn't hear anything
B．was repairing her computer
C．didn't consider it an earthquake
D．was sleeping with her door locked
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“I thought that something heavy in a neighbor's house probably had fallen. However, the walls and the floor began to shake. I finally realized it was an earthquake.”可知，作者一开始没有意识到发生了地震。
2．According to Paragraph 2, why was the author worried?
A．Because her son seemed to be in pain.
B．Because she couldn't wake her son up.
C．Because her son was locked in his room.
D．Because she couldn't solve her son's sleep problem.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“But nobody replied. I was a little worried.”可知，作者担忧是因为她无法叫醒儿子。
3．What problem did the author and her son face?
A．They couldn't get out of the house.
B．They couldn't stop things from falling.
C．They couldn't find anything to hide under.
D．They couldn't remember what to do in an earthquake.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Unfortunately, none of our furniture was designed for hiding under.”可知，她们家里没有任何可躲避的地方。
4．The author and her son most probably realized they should ________.
A．replace their furniture
B．build a stronger house
C．receive earthquake drills
D．watch the weather report often
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段的“But both my son and I knew what we should do, because we knew if there had been a really big earthquake this morning, we couldn't have escaped from it.”可推断，作者和她儿子在这次地震中意识到应该未雨绸缪，为地震做好准备，故很有可能换家具。
B
Making employees feel happy and healthy at work is good for many businesses. But it isn't always an easy thing. A research suggests that just 33% of the U．S. employees consider themselves fully engaged (投身于) at work, while 16% are actively disengaged, and 51% are just showing up.
But there is an exception. When it comes to employee engagement, it seems that employees in small companies are doing better. According to the same research, the largest U．S. companies have the lowest levels of engagement, while companies with fewer than 25 employees have the highest. And in one recent report, 75 percent of small business workers surveyed said they were “very” or “extremely” satisfied with their role as a small company employee.
Unlike big companies, small companies are often short of resources but the employees can get more surprises there. Small companies offer excellent career opportunities to their employees. The bosses often know their staff very well and understand their personal needs. Employees of small companies are more likely to receive free meals, paid leave, and they can even bring their pets to work.
But of course, there're many other draws in small businesses. One of the top draws is flexible scheduling (弹性工时). Another is being able to really see the fruits of one's labor. Besides, non-cash award is also a big draw. This could be something small that reflects employees' interests and lifestyles.
While a parental leave might lead to some financial problems, small companies may do something to improve it. “It may be impossible for a five-person team to be reduced to four for six months，” writes Camilla Velasquez, head of HR management platform Justworks. “But it could be possible to allow new parents to take on reduced hours in a work-from-home environment.” This kind of method has been realized in some small companies.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了小型企业的员工比大型企业员工的幸福感更强，并分析了原因。
5．What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A．Employees can develop better in small companies.
B．Employees can earn more money in small companies.
C．Employees in big companies are hard to be satisfied.
D．Employees in small companies are more engaged at work.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“When it comes to employee engagement, it seems that employees in small companies are doing better.”可知，相对于大公司的员工来说，小公司的员工更能很好地投入到工作中。
6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The benefits of working for small companies.
B．The differences between small and big companies.
C．What challenges staff in small companies may face.
D．Why small companies are short of resources.
答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Small companies offer excellent career opportunities...”可知，这些都是在小公司工作的好处，所以可知答案。
7．What does the underlined word “draws” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Choices. B．Attractions.
C．Difficulties. D．Competitions.
答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据下文的“flexible scheduling”， “being able to really see the fruits of one's labor”及“non-cash award”等推测，该词义为“吸引人的东西”。
8．What can be most probably inferred from the passage?
A．Small companies may have more employees with much happiness.
B．Big companies should learn from some small companies.
C．Employees should have their own hobbies and lifestyles.
D．Employers should pay more attention to the staff's needs.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。本文主要讲了跟大型企业相比，小型企业的员工可以享受更多更好的待遇，因而他们的幸福感更强。再根据第二段的“And in one recent report, 75 percent of small business workers surveyed said they were ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ satisfied with their role as a small company employee.”所以可推测，小型企业的员工幸福感更强。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Luckily, I got four turkeys this holiday. I __1__ only one of them. I __2__ my neighbor was going through a hard time, so I decided to give one to them as a __3__.
That still __4__ me with two extra (额外的) turkeys. I __5__ to cook one of them, make sandwiches and __6__ them to an area of town where many people seem to be in need of food and a little __7__.
While I was waiting for the bus to get there, I saw two people that I thought might __8__ sandwiches. The moment they came near, I __9__ them each a sandwich, along with a smile card, and told them to have a good day. I received __10__ in return.
On the bus, a young mother got on with her little girl. I offered her a sandwich, and she __11__ accepted. Then I started giving them to other __12__， along with smile cards, and they also __13__ with smiles. By this point, I was __14__ happiness and couldn't help smiling. I felt __15__ because of that.
When we got to the bus terminal (终点), I had given away five sandwiches. The act of __16__， the care shared and the __17__ smiles just made my heart filled with so much __18__. I think what I have done is good for everyone, __19__ I will do this again soon.
Giving not only makes you feel wonderful but it also __20__ happiness to others.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文，主题语境是社会服务。作者向陌生人赠送火鸡三明治，陌生人投以微笑，彼此都感到快乐。
1．A.needed B．noticed
C．ordered D．saved
答案与解析：A　根据上文的“got four turkeys this holiday”及下文的“I decided to give one to them”和“two extra turkeys”可知，作者只需要一只火鸡。
2．A.meant B．showed
C．knew D．proved
答案与解析：C　由“neighbor”及“I decided to give one to them”可知，作者知道邻居家有困难。
3．A.prize B．gift
C．choice D．wish
答案与解析：B　根据上文的holiday及give可知，作者决定把一只火鸡作为礼物送给邻居家。
4．A.filled B．upset
C．provided D．left
答案与解析：D　根据上文作者需要一只，送给邻居一只及下文“two extra turkeys”可知，作者还有两只火鸡。
5．A.learned B．waited
C．helped D．decided
答案与解析：D　根据第二段第一句可知，作者决定把火鸡做成三明治带给其他人。
6．A.mail B．lend
C．sell D．take
答案与解析：D　参考上题解析。
7．A.time B．kindness
C．luck D．experience
答案与解析：B　根据“an area of town where many people seem to be in need of food”可知，作者决定把做好的三明治带到这个城镇最需要食物和善意的地方。
8．A.have B．make
C．like D．buy
答案与解析：C　根据下文作者送给这两个人三明治可知，作者认为这两个人也许喜欢三明治。
9．A.cooked B．offered
C．found D．paid
答案与解析：B　由下文“along with a smile card, and told them to have a good day”可知，作者主动赠给这两个人火鸡三明治。
10．A.money B．advice
C．smiles D．presents
答案与解析：C　从下文“they also __13__ with smiles”可知，这两个人用微笑回报作者。
11．A.gladly B．secretly
C．seriously D．suddenly
答案与解析：A　根据下文“they also __13__ with smiles”可知，这对母女高兴地接受了。
12．A.passengers B．shoppers
C．neighbors D．drivers
答案与解析：A　作者在公交车上，所以把三明治送给其他乘车的人。
13．A.refused B．tried
C．accepted D．explained
答案与解析：C　由下文“with smiles”可知，其他乘客也高兴地接受了。
14．A.expecting B．requesting
C．recording D．achieving
答案与解析：D　根据下文“and couldn't help smiling”可知，作者收获着幸福。
15．A.busy B．great
C．safe D．nervous
答案与解析：B　根据上文“I was __14__ happiness and couldn't help smiling”可知，给陌生人赠送三明治让作者觉得棒极了。
16．A.thinking B．love
C．giving D．bravery
答案与解析：C　由最后一段的Giving可知，这是一种给予行为。
17．A.surprised B．sad
C．forced D．weak
答案与解析：A　作者给陌生人火鸡三明治，当然会让他们感到惊讶，所以他们的笑容也是惊讶的。
18．A.joy B．calmness
C．courage D．worry
答案与解析：A　由上文“I was __14__ happiness and couldn't help smiling”可知，作者内心充满喜悦。
19．A.if B．though
C．but D．so
答案与解析：D　作者认为她所做的对每个人都有好处，所以她会不久再做一次。
20．A.returns B．brings
C．teaches D．serves
答案与解析：B　根据上文可知，给予也能给他人带来快乐。
课时作业 14
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Earthquakes strike suddenly at any time of the day or night, but there's no way to tell when. If an earthquake happens, it may cause many deaths, injuries and damage. So you need a good preparation ahead of time. Decide how and where your family will get together if separated. Choose an out-of-state friend or relative that the family members can call after the quake to report where they are and how they are. Know the safe places in each room: under the strong tables, desks, or against inside walls. Keep enough food, water and other things, including a flashlight, a radio, medicines and clothing.
During the earthquake, you should keep a clear head and never be too nervous to know what to do. Protect your head and neck with your arms. If possible, take a book, a pillow or any other things to protect yourself from falling glass and ruins. If you are indoors, you must immediately lie under any strong furniture. If outdoors, move to an open area away from trees, buildings, walls or powerpoles. If you are in a narrow valley, move to the centre of it and look up for falling stones. If you are in a car, move to the side of the road and stop the car. Do not stop near buildings, power lines or on or under bridges. Stay in your car until the shaking stops.
Do not move a badly injured person unless he is in great danger after the earthquake. Do not use the telephone immediately unless there is a serious injury or fire. Turn on your radio for instructions and news reports. Be prepared for aftershocks. If you want to leave your home, post a message inside your home telling your family members where you can be found.
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了人们在地震前、地震中和地震后应该做的事情。
1．To prepare for an earthquake, we should make sure of ________.
A．when an earthquake may happen
B．the place where we can find our family
C．how to receive instructions and news reports
D．the money with which we can buy food and water
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第四句可知，要提前确定地震后家人会合的地点，故B项正确。
2．If we are driving when an earthquake happens, we should ________.
A．find a strong building to hide in
B．leave the car as soon as possible
C．go on driving quickly to leave the area
D．move to the side of the road and stop there
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，如果发生地震时你在开车，要把车开到路边停下，所以D项正确。
3．From the passage, we know that during an earthquake ________.
A．we should keep calm and know what to do clearly
B．the trees and walls can protect us if we are outdoors
C．we should protect our necks with a pillow or a book
D．falling glass can be used to help us
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，地震时，要保持头脑冷静，不能因为太紧张而不知所措，故正确答案为A项。
4．After an earthquake, we should ________.
A．move an injured person quickly
B．use the telephone immediately
C．turn on the TV to get news reports
D．leave a message before leaving home
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知，地震后，在离开家之前，要留下信息告诉家人去哪里能找到你，故D项正确。
B
All of us spend a large part of our lives at home — eating, sleeping, relaxing and communicating with our family members. Our home is a shelter for us, away from the noisy, busy, and polluted world outside — a place where we can let down our hair and dress casually. Eco-friendliness (环保) is a hot word today and we all know we should make our environment as eco-friendly as possible. This is not only good for our health, but also good for the outward environment. Here are some easy and helpful tips to make your home eco-friendly.
Kitchen
Plan the kitchen to be bright and airy so that you don't have to turn on the lights at daytime. Don't make wasteful use of the gas. Keep all ingredients for cooking ready before lighting the gas. Turn it to low when not required — always using it on “high” burns a lot of gas.
Indoor plants
Plants are extremely eco-friendly and can be used to make your home look lively. Apart from adding life to home, they give out O2, thus making the air inside fresh. You can keep plants in your home, but be sure to show them some sunlight regularly. Also, if they are kept outside, clean their leaves with a wet cloth, as dust may be added to them. A home decorated (装饰) with plants looks attractive. Plants are a natural home decorating gift that shows concern about the environment. A green plant is a wonderful gift which will protect the earth and is sure to be appreciated.
Saving water
Most of the time, we_take_water_for_granted — we keep water running while brushing our teeth or washing clothes. Needless to say, this is a huge waste of natural resources (资源). Try to recycle water. For example, the water used for washing vegetables can be used for watering plants; the soapy water used for washing clothes can be used to clean the bathroom and kitchen.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了如何营造环保的家园，从厨房节约能源、种植室内植物和节约用水三方面提出的建议。
5．Why is the importance of our home discussed in Paragraph 1?
A．To advise us to communicate more with our family members.
B．To show it's necessary to make our home eco-friendly.
C．To advise us to spend more time staying at home.
D．To show the outside world is noisy and polluted.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。文章主要介绍了如何营造环保的家园，因此可推断，第一段讨论家庭的重要性是为了表明创造环保家园是有必要的，从而引出下文。
6．What is advised to be done in the kitchen?
A．To open the window. B．To prepare simple meals.
C．To save energy. D．To turn down lights.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Don't make wasteful use of the gas.”可知，作者建议节约使用天然气，即在厨房要节约能源。
7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．We don't realize the importance of water.
B．We try our best not to waste water.
C．We don't use water frequently.
D．We make full use of water.
答案与解析：A　句意理解题。根据画线部分后的“we keep water running while brushing our teeth or washing clothes.”可知，我们在刷牙或洗衣服时让水一直流着，因此可推测，画线句的言下之意是我们并没有意识到水的重要性。
8．Which could be the best title for the text?
A．Live a relaxing life.
B．Create a clean and safe home.
C．Our home is a shelter for us.
D．Make your home eco-friendly.
答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。根据第一段尾句“Here are some easy and helpful tips to make your home eco-friendly.”可知，本文主要阐述如何营造环保的家园。
Ⅱ.七选五
Getting enough sleep can be difficult in today's world. __1__ If you have trouble going to sleep on time, there are a few things you can do.
Know how much sleep you need. __2__ Children need 9-11 hours of sleep per day. Teenagers require 8-10 hours of sleep each night. Adults generally need 7-9 hours of sleep per night. Knowing how much sleep you need each night will help you know when you need to set your bedtime.
Get ready for bed at the same time every night. Don't wait until you start to feel sleepy, as this may keep you up longer than you want to stay awake. __3__ Set a suitable bedtime goal that works for your schedule.
Have a bedtime tradition. Doing the same things every night before bed will help signal (发信号) to your body that it is time to start getting sleepy. Try to create a sleep time tradition that you can perform every night before bed so that you get into the habit. __4__ Your bedtime tradition could include things like brushing your teeth or washing your face.
__5__ In an effort to lower your stress at bedtime, it might be useful to spend a little time preparing yourself for what you have to do in the morning. Feeling ready for the next day will help you relax and fall asleep more quickly. You can do things like picking out your clothes for the next day or packing your lunch for work.
A．Prepare yourself for the next day.
B．Different people have different sleep needs.
C．This will help you go to bed at the expected time every night.
D．Stop working at least one hour before bed so that you can relax a bit.
E．Reading in bed is one of the best ways to relax yourself after a long day.
F．However, if you don't get enough sleep, you'll feel tired and unhappy all the day.
G．Besides, getting ready for bed may cost you much time and make you sleep later than your expected bedtime.
【语篇解读】　本文就如何按时睡觉提出了几点建议。
1．答案与解析：F　根据本空前的“Getting enough sleep can be difficult in today's world.”及本空后的“If you have trouble going to sleep on time, there are a few things you can do.”可知，此处需要填一个承上启下的句子，说的是如果你没有足够的睡眠，你整天都会感到疲惫且情绪低落。
2．答案与解析：B　根据本空后的“Children need 9-11 hours of sleep per day... Adults generally need 7-9 hours of sleep per night.”可知，此处是指不同的人有不同的睡眠需求。
3．答案与解析：G　根据本空前的“Don't wait until you start to feel sleepy, as this may keep you up longer than you want to stay awake.”可知，此处与前面是递进关系，说的是准备睡觉的过程也会花费你很多时间，使你睡得比预期的时间晚。
4．答案与解析：C　根据本空前的“Try to create a sleep time tradition that you can perform every night before bed so that you get into the habit.”可知，此处承接上文，说的是这样做的好处。
5．答案与解析：A　根据本段内容，特别是“Feeling ready for the next day will help you relax and fall asleep more quickly.”可知，本段讲的是睡前为第二天做好准备对睡眠的好处。
课时作业 15
阅读理解
A
As I stuck in the mud (泥), with my bike on top of me, I wondered what had forced me to come here. Madagascar is not a good place for a cycling holiday: one of the world's poorest countries, only 11 percent of roadway is paved (铺). South of the town of Antalaha, where I started, the road was in worse condition.
I appeared from a week in the wilderness and reached the start of the Route National 5 at Maroantsetra, but my dream of a smooth road and speed was suddenly destroyed by mud. The “worst road in the country” changed my bicycle into a burden (负担) for days. Finally, I_was_claimed_by_the_road. Tired. Alone.
As I wiped (擦) the mud from my face and looked upwards, I was greeted by a Malagasy man. He helped me stand up and smiled playfully while he pointed to my bike, which sat next to his. I started again. But I fell again in the mud. Angrily, I told him to go on, but if he understood he showed no sign of it. His smile forced me back onto the bike. We continued like this for hours. But I fell less. Studying my quick guide, slowly I learned. As we passed through a village, a group of children saw me and shouted loudly. His only words were: “Their parents tell them while people steal and eat them. Funny, no？”
I tried to ask why, but he had already set off. I tried to catch up; as I got closer, he took it as a challenge and sped up. We raced along the road. I rode a little faster and I was just behind, about to catch up with him. With a smile, he sped up and was away, leaving me breathless.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在非洲马达加斯加骑行遇到困难的时候，一位当地人激励自己继续骑行的故事。
1．What was in the author's mind when he was in the mud?
A．He considered his experience a special pleasure.
B．He made up his mind to continue challenging himself.
C．He tried to think out a new road for cycling in Antalaha.
D．He regretted having the cycling holiday in Madagascar.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I wondered what had forced me to come here”及下文对马达加斯加当地路况的介绍可知，作者来到这里骑行发现路况很差，这让他后悔不已。
2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．The author chose another road.
B．The author decided to ask for help.
C．The author lay on the road for a rest.
D．The author had no confidence to ride on.
答案与解析：D　句意理解题。根据第二段中的“but my dream of a smooth road... for days”及Tired可知，泥泞的道路使作者疲惫不堪，让他失去了继续骑行的信心。
3．How did the Malagasy man help the author?
A．By showing him the right way.
B．By wiping the mud from his bike.
C．By riding in front of him all the way.
D．By teaching him how to ride in the mud.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Studying my quick guide”及第四段中的“I tried to catch up; as I got closer, he took it as a challenge and sped up”可知，那个马达加斯加男人一直在作者前面骑行来鼓励他。
4．What's the best title for the text?
A．A lonely trip B．A bicycle race
C．A lesson in cycling D．A road in Madagascar
答案与解析：C　标题归纳题。根据文中作者在马达加斯加骑行遇到困难时受到一位当地人的帮助可知，作者从中受益匪浅。
B
Raccoons are smaller relatives of bears. They are native to North America, but they can also be found in Asia and Europe. Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water, but they can be often found near urban areas. There are about 7 different species of raccoons. Pygmy raccoon is the only endangered species.
Raccoons usually reach 40 to 70cm in length and weigh between 5-26kg. Raccoons that live in colder climates are larger and heavier. They have grayish fur, black masks around eyes and long tails covered with black and brown bands. Because of their tails, they are also called “ringtail”．
Raccoons_are_omnivores. They like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so on. Raccoon's hands look like human's. They each have five fingers and are used to collect food, open shells, door or trash cans. Raccoons often place food in water before they start to eat it. They have highly sensitive sense of touch and water increases their sensitivity even more. By touching the food, they get better insight about things they will eat.
They are easily adaptable (适应的) to various environments. They can live in hollow (中空的) trees equally happily like they can in useless cars. Raccoons live on their own and hunt at night. They don't hibernate (冬眠), but they spend the coldest days of winters in their holes.
Mating (交配) season takes place from January to mid March. Two months later, female will give birth to 3-4 babies. Their tails don't have bands, and the mask around eyes is still missing. Mother is very protective and she will teach them how to survive and what to eat as they become-ready to leave the hole. Raccoons usually can live only 1.8 to 3.1 years in the wild, but they can live up to 20 years at a zoo.
Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to home-raised animals and people, which is very dangerous. What's more, their waste often has roundworms.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了与浣熊有关的一些知识。
5．What do we learn about raccoons?
A．They love living near water.
B．They are at risk of dying out.
C．They love getting close to humans.
D．They only live in areas far from urban areas.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water”以及第三段的“Raccoons often place food in water before they start to eat it.”可推断，浣熊喜欢住在水边。
6．What does the author most probably mean by saying “Raccoons are omnivores”？
A．They don't hibernate.
B．They are very large animals.
C．They are sensitive to foods' tastes.
D．They feed on many different types of food.
答案与解析：D　句意理解题。根据第三段的“They like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so on.”可推测，作者是指：浣熊是杂食动物。
7．What are raccoons good at?
A．Finding food in deep water.
B．Using their feet to open food.
C．Adapting to a new environment.
D．Telling differences among smells.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段的“They are easily adaptable to various environments.”可知，浣熊很擅长在新的环境里生活。
8．After reading the text, we can say that ________.
A．raccoons like attacking humans
B．people consider raccoons very lovely
C．raccoons and bears have a lot in common
D．it's better that humans keep away from raccoons
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据末段的“Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to home-raised animals and people, which is very dangerous. What's more, their waste often has roundworms.”可推测，人还是不要接触浣熊比较好。
C
Angus, Doris, Gabriel and Kamil are some of the 21 names that have been chosen to be given to storms in the UK in the 2016/17 season.
The Met Office, the UK's national weather service, decided to give storms boys' and girls' names in 2015 in the same way as they did in America.
The Met Office hopes that naming big storms will mean people are more aware (意识到) of them and how dangerous they can be. Derrick Ryall, from the Met Office, said, “We have seen how naming storms elsewhere in the world raises people's awareness of storms before they break.”
In the past, the same UK storm could be given different names by different organisations. “We noticed that many organisations during the last couple of winters, when we have had bad storms, started giving names to them. Think back to the St Jude's Day storm in 2013, and the so-called Hurricane Bawbag in Scotland in 2011. But it led to confusion (混乱)，” a Met Office spokeswoman said.
According to the Met Office, there is a name for each letter of the whole alphabet (字母表), except for Q，U，X，Y and Z. That is the same as the naming tradition used in America. And not all storms will be big enough to get names — only those expected to cause great damage.
If there are more than 21 storms in a year, the Met Office will start again with another name beginning with “A”. However, according to Met Office spokeswoman Lindsay Mears, “It's unlikely we would get through the whole alphabet in one season. We had 14 storms in the very bad winter of 2013/14, and if the naming system had been in operation then we wouldn't have used the whole alphabet.”
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英国为暴风雨命名的情况。
9．Why are storms in the UK named?
A．To increase public awareness of them.
B．To remind people of their short stay.
C．To follow what other countries did.
D．To meet the needs of its people.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由第三段中的“naming big storms will mean people are more aware of them and how dangerous they can be”和“how naming storms elsewhere in the world raises people's awareness of storms before they break”可推断，英国为暴风雨命名是为了增强人们对暴风雨的了解和防范意识。
10．Examples are given in Paragraph 4 to show ________.
A．there're many storms to name in a year
B．organisations named storms differently
C．some storms' names are similar to others'
D．some storms' names are hard to understand
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。本段的主题句是“In the past, the same UK storm could be given different names by different organisations，”下文通过举例说明该主题。
11．What do we know about the names given to storms?
A．Storms will be given names whatever their sizes.
B．Serious storms will be given boy's names.
C．21 letters will be used to begin the names.
D．21 names will be given at most in a year.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“there is a name for each letter of the whole alphabet, except for Q, U, X, Y and Z”和最后一段中的“If there are more than 21 storms in a year”可知，在为暴风雨命名的时候，会以21个字母(字母表一共26个字母，除了Q，U，X，Y，Z之外还有21个)开头。
12．What can be learned from Lindsay Mears?
A．There are not too many big storms yearly.
B．Action will be taken to prevent storms.
C．There are usually 14 storms in a year.
D．The naming system will not change.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Lindsay Mears”所说的“It's unlikely we would get through the whole alphabet in one season. We had 14 storms in the very bad winter of 2013/14... we wouldn't have used the whole alphabet”可推断，她认为英国每年不会发生那么多暴风雨，因此不会使用完21个字母作为名字的开头来命名暴风雨。