Section Ⅰ Listening and speaking & Listening and Talking
Step One: Speaking
Look at the following pictures, would you like to visit them? Discuss with your partners which official languages are spoken in these countries.
Spain: Spanish
India: English
Germany: _German
France：French
America: English
Canada: English
Britain：English
Russia: Russian
Step Two: Listening
Ⅰ.Listen to a speech and tick the two languages with the most native speakers. Choose the official languages of the United Nations (UN)． (教材P60)
( ) Russian ( ) Chinese ( ) Korean ( ) Japanese ( ) Spanish ( ) Arabic ( ) English ( ) French
The most native speakers: Chinese,_Spanish
The official languages of the United Nations (UN): Arabic;_Chinese;_English;_French;_Russian;_Spanish
听力材料：
Exploring languages around the world
To some students, it seems that the only foreign language to learn is English. There are, however, nearly 7,000 languages in the world. After Chinese, the language with the most native language speakers isn't English — it's Spanish! Learning English is very useful, but it is wise to learn at least one other foreign language, if possible.
There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language. Many students choose to study one of the languages that are spoken at the UN. As they think it means better job chances in the future. The UN has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. They are spoken by around 2.8 billion people as their native or second languages.
Some students, though, choose to study a language because of family or friends. One American girl chose to learn Danish because her grandparents were from Denmark. When she was little, her grandpa used to read letters to her in Danish from their relatives in Denmark. Another young lady started learning French because she had several friends from African countries where French is spoken.
What do you think? Which other language would you choose to study and why?
Ⅱ.Listen to the speech again and answer the questions.
1．What is the main topic of this speech?
答案：It_is_mainly_languages_around_the_world.
2．How many languages are there in the world?
答案：Nearly_7,000.
3．How many billion people speak the UN's official as their native or second language?
答案：2.8_billion.
4．What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning?
答案：He_believes_learning_foreign_languages_is_very_useful.
Listening Tips
1．注意细节
Before listening to the text, look through the exercises quickly and find out the key points according to the exercises.
2．巧判人物关系，身份与职业
人物关系、职业、身份等相关方面的听力试题要求在某一特定环境下，对说话人的身份进行推理与判断。该项内容的考查多是以who或what开头的特殊疑问句，其常问方式有：
What is the man (woman)?
What's the man's (woman's) occupation (职业)?
Who is the man speaker?
What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?
另外，我们可根据以上内容所提供的称呼语并结合生活常识进行判断。同时，熟悉特定的场景用语和关键词，便于我们更好地解答有关人物关系、对话发生地点的题目。
即时训练 听下面一段对话，回答问题。
1．What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A．Friends.
B．Wife and husband.
C．Business partners.
答案：A
2．Where does the woman work now?
A．In a school.
B．In a restaurant.
C．In a travel agency.
答案：C
3．What are the two speakers going to do?
A．To take a trip.
B．To have a coffee.
C．To attend a meeting.
答案：B
听力材料：
W：Peter? Hi, how are you? I haven't seen you for ages!
M：Hello, Mary. Well, it must be at least five years. What are you doing here?
W：I came for a meeting. Business trip, you know. Anyway, how are you?
M：I'm good, thanks. I still work in a school. What about you?
W：I have a new job now, so I have to travel a lot.
M：What do you do?
W：I work for a travel agency. Working in a restaurant was just too boring.
M：Your new job sounds interesting! Have you got time for a coffee? So we could catch up.
W：Sure, why not?
M：Oh, there's a nice cafe about two minutes' walk from here.
W：Let's go then.
Step Three: Discussing
Ⅰ. 根据录音在空格处填入合适的内容
English is a language spoken all around the world. 1.It's_reported_that English is used by almost a billion people in the world and 83% of the world's emails 2.are_written_in_English.
Now the number of people who learn English 3.as_a_foreign_language is more than 750 million. Now, everywhere in the world children go to school to learn English. Most of them learn English for five or six years at high school.
Lee is studying English because he wants to be a scientist and he knows that 4.English_is_the_international_language_of science. Most scientists write in English. Wei Ling wants to work for an airline when she 5.leaves_school. She needs to learn English because English is the international language used on airlines and all pilots speak English. Her teacher told her to go on an English course this summer 6._to_improve_her_English.
I think with so many people 7.communicating_in_English every day, it will become more and more important to 8.have_a_good_knowledge_of_English.
话题积累：
1．the number of ……的数量
2．have a good knowledge of 精通……
Ⅱ. With the world becoming a global village, it is a must for us to have a good knowledge of English. So discuss with your partner about English.
1．How much do you know about English?
(1)It_is_the_official_language_of_many_countries,_such_as_America,_England,_Canada_and_so_on.
(2)It_has_a_long_history.
(3)There_are_mainly_two_kinds_of_English：American_English_and_British_English.
(4)Many_Chinese_are_learning_English.
2．Do you know that there is something about American English and British English?
There_are_some_differences_in_spelling_and_pronunciation_between_American_English_and_British_English.
For example：
3．Can you give us some advice on how to learn English well?
(1)My_suggestion_is_that_we_should_listen_to_English_every_day_and_practice_speaking_it_if_possible.
(2)We_should_memorize_more_words_and_expressions_to_have_your_vocabulary_enriched,_which_is_of_great_importance_to_English_learning.
(3)_It_is_a_good_idea_to_communicate_more_with_foreigners_in_English.
(4)_We_should_take_an_active_part_in_the_English_Corner,_which_broadens_our_view_and_improves_our_interest_in_English.
(5)We'd_like_to_attend_English_lectures,_from_which_we_can_get_more_information_on_British_and_American_culture.
(6)_We_should_hold_more_interesting_English_activities,_such_as_debates_and_speech_competitions.
(7)There_is_no_doubt_that_keeping_an_English_diary_helps_you_a_lot_with_my_written_English.
(8)We_should_do_more_reading_to_improve_our_reading_ability.
课时作业 16
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I was so fortunate today to be able to offer my love and help to an older lady at my local supermarket. I saw her standing there. I felt quite strange about such a situation.
What was she looking at? As I looked, I found it was a “Shredded Pork Bun Meal Kit”， which is a service that sends customers food ingredients and recipes for them to prepare their own fresh meals. “That's new，” I thought. Then I watched as the lady began to dig into her handbag and tried to pull out one of the biggest magnifying glasses (放大镜) I had never seen in my whole life! “Oh, she can't read it，” I realized.
So I stood there and continued watching her. The voice in my mind often asks me to do the right thing. It told me to help her. But I argued back saying, “No. I won't offer help. It will only embarrass her and she is OK now anyway. She has the world's biggest magnifying glass to help her！”
And I stood there longer. But the voice came back, “Help her, Nicole. Don't be embarrassed. Just do it. Offer your help.” So I did it. I read and explained all the things that were included in that box. I read out the ingredients, the instructions on how to cook it and so on.
She didn't end up buying it, but she was still quite grateful. I walked away knowing that I had helped her and made the right choice. Mostly, I had reminded her that people in this world still care about the old.
She was seen. She was loved. And she mattered so much that a complete stranger took time to help her. And that stranger was me, a person who argued and didn't want to do so in the beginning.
So grateful I am when I choose to listen to the voice in my heart. It is because of love. Love is all that ever really matters. I also get happiness through helping her.
【语篇解读】 作者在超市碰到了一位老太太，她想买一种食物却看不清说明上的文字，作者想帮助她却内心矛盾，最后还是遵照自己内心的指引做出了善举。
1．What was the lady's problem?
A．She couldn't find her glasses.
B．She couldn't hear the writer clearly.
C．She couldn't see the instructions clearly.
D．She couldn't understand the instructions.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。从文章第二段对老太太拿老花眼镜的动作描述可知，她看不见要买的食物包装上的说明。从最后一句“‘Oh, she can't read it，’I realized.”可直接找到答案。
2．Why didn't the writer want to help the lady at first?
A．Because she had some other things to do.
B．Because she considered it a difficult thing.
C．Because she didn't want to make the lady embarrassed.
D．Because she had the same problem with the old lady.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“It will only embarrass her and she is OK now anyway.”可知，作者一开始不想帮助老太太是因为她不想让老太太尴尬。
3．How did the writer get happiness?
A．By following a stranger's voice.
B．By spending time talking with the lady.
C．By stopping the lady from buying the food.
D．By persuading herself to help the lady.
答案与解析：D 判断推理题。文章最后一句说到作者从帮助老太太中获得快乐，而第三段讲到刚开始时作者犹豫是否帮她，作者经历了说服自己的过程。
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．An Unlucky Day B．The Leading Voice
C．A Scary Experience D．The Best Choice
答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。文章中作者帮助老人的一系列举动都是遵循自己内心的声音，在自己矛盾时，是这个声音指引着她做出了正确的选择。故选“The Leading Voice”。
B
Learning a second language
Some people learn a second language easily. Other people have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.
The first step is to feel confident about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You don't have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes.
The second step is to practise your English. For example, write in a diary every day. You will get used to writing in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. After several weeks, you will see that your writing is improving. Besides, you must speak English every day. You can practise with your classmates after class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.
The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your diary. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand anything the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult，but you tried to understand it. Write these achievements (成就) in your diary.
You must be active in learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practise every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will have more confidence in yourself.
【语篇解读】 有人学习一门外语很容易，但是有的人很难学好一门外语。本文就怎样学习英语，使它更有趣、更容易提出了几点建议。
5．When you learn English, you do not need to ________.
A．be patient
B．make mistakes
C．express your ideas in English
D．understand everything at once
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文中第二段“You don't have to understand everything all at once.”可知，当你学习英语时，你不需要立即理解所有的东西。所以选D。
6．What is NOT helpful for you to enjoy learning English?
A．To communicate in English.
B．To worry about making mistakes.
C．To think about what you did after each class.
D．To make a record of the achievements.
答案与解析：B'细节理题解。根据文中第二段“It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes.”可知，学习英语不要担心犯错误，从错误中我们能学到知识，所以担心犯错是学不好英语的。所以选B。
7．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．It is very important to learn English.
B．Some people learn English easily while other people do not.
C．There are ways to help you learn English more easily.
D．Don't worry about making mistakes when learning English.
答案与解析：C'主旨大意题。文章第一段中的“There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.”就写出了本文的主要内容，所以选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I took my son to a popular restaurant for a lunchtime treat. And it seems everyone else had the same __1__. The place was full of __2__！
I drove around the small parking lot (停车场) for 10 minutes __3__ a spot (位置). Finally I __4__ one. A lady was returning to her car so I __5__ her and waited patiently. As I did this I looked in my rear vision mirror (后视镜) and __6__ a young man quickly pull up behind me. As soon as he saw my indicator (转向灯) on for the spot, he seemed very __7__ and began hitting his steering wheel (方向盘). I knew this wasn't directed at me but at the disappointment that he had __8__ a spot. I felt his __9__. I too had been __10__ the place for ages.
As the lady left I __11__ something that surprised even me. I turned off my indicator and drove straight past. I let the man __12__ the spot.
The man behind me was __13__， unsure what to do. __14__ I lowered my window and gave him a(n) __15__ to take it, calling out at the same time “It's yours.”
I __16__ driving further down the road to another car park, where although I had to walk quite a bit further, I was __17__ I could. Perhaps the man couldn't walk easily as his __18__ wasn't as good as mine? I will __19__ know. But I knew the spot __20__ more to him than it did to me, when I saw him react the way he did.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。作者在停车场等待了很久终于找到了一个车位，然而当看到紧随其后的一名司机因为没抢到车位的失望表现时，作者决定将车位让给他。
1．A.experience B．dream
C．idea D．chance
答案与解析：C 由“the same”可知，设空处指“to a popular restaurant for a lunchtime treat”这一想法，故填idea。
2．A.people B．noise
C．pleasure D．peace
答案：A
3．A.calling for B．looking for
C．asking for D．paying for
答案：B
4．A.borrowed B．found
C．bought D．accepted
答案与解析：B 由上文中的“it seems everyone else had the same”以及文中的“I drove around the small parking lot for 10 minutes”可知，这个地方“人(people)”很多，“我”在停车场绕了十分钟想“找(looking for)”个车位，最后终于“找到(found)”一个。
5．A.followed B．helped
C．guided D．met
答案与解析：A 由本句中的“A lady was returning to her car”以及“waited patiently”可知，“我”“跟着(followed)”她，耐心地等待着。
6．A.suggested B．noticed
C．made D．required
答案与解析：B 由本句中的“I looked in my rear vision mirror”可知，“我”“注意到(noticed)”一名年轻的男子快速地在“我”后面停下车。
7．A.serious B．interested
C．angry D．careful
答案与解析：C 由本句中的“As soon as he saw my indicator on for the spot”以及“began hitting his steering wheel”可知，这名男子似乎很“生气(angry)”。
8．A.refused B．chosen
C．reached D．missed
答案与解析：D 由上文中的“As soon as he saw my indicator on for the spot”以及“I knew this wasn't directed at me”可知，这名男子之所以有这种表现是因为他“错过(missed)”了一个车位，感到很失望。
9．A.fear B．pain
C．courage D．wish
答案：B
10．A.circling B．protecting
C．keeping D．changing
答案与解析：A 由上文中的“I drove around the small parking lot for 10 minutes __3__ a spot”可知，“我”能感受到他的“痛苦(pain)”，因为“我”也在这个地方“绕了(circling)”许久才找到一个车位。
11．A.saw B．heard
C．did D．said
答案与解析：C 由下文中的“I turned off my indicator and drove straight past”可知，“我”“做了(did)”一件让自己都感到惊讶的事。
12．A.search B．pass
C．leave D．have
答案与解析：D 由上文中的“I turned off my indicator and drove straight past”以及下文中的“I lowered my window... calling out at the same time ‘It's yours.’”可知，“我”让这名男子“占用(have)”那个车位。
13．A.worried B．surprised
C．tired D．pleased
答案与解析：B 由本句中的“unsure what to do”可知，这名男子很“惊讶(surprised)”。
14．A.But B．So
C．Again D．Still
答案与解析：B “The man behind me was __13__ unsure what to do”与“I lowered my window... calling out at the same time ‘It's yours.’”之间是因果关系，故填So。
15．A.sign B．order
C．reason D．promise
答案与解析：A 由上文中的“I let the man __12__ the spot”以及本句中的“I lowered my window and... calling out at the same time ‘It's yours.’”可知，“我”摇下车窗，“示意他(gave him a sign)”使用那个车位。
16．A.stopped B．minded
C．gave up D．ended up
答案与解析：D 由下文中的“although I had to walk quite a bit further”可知，“我”“后来(ended up)”开车到一个较远些的停车场。end up意为“最终成为，最后处于”。
17．A.hopeful B．sorry
C．thankful D．afraid
答案与解析：C 由本句中的“I had to walk quite a bit further”以及下文中的“Perhaps the man couldn't walk easily”可知，此处指虽然“我”得走一段路，但“我”很“感激(thankful)”自己可以走路。
18．A.job B．car
C．luck D．health
答案与解析：D 由“Perhaps the man couldn't”可知，“我”在猜想也许他的“身体状况(health)”不如“我”。
19．A.seldom B．never
C．surely D．often
答案与解析：B 由下文中的“But I knew”可知，此处表示“我”将“不会(never)”知道。
20．A.proved B．brought
C．showed D．meant
答案与解析：D 结合全文可知，“我”将自己等了许久找到的车位让给那名男子，因为“我”知道那个车位对他来说“更重要(meant more)”。
课件23张PPT。Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.核心单词
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词
1．billion/'b?lj?n/n.十亿
2．native/'ne?t?v/adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
3．attitude/'?t?tju?d/n.态度；看法
4．system/'s?st?m/n.体系；制度；系统
5．despite/d?'spa?t/prep.即使；尽管
6．factor/'f?kt?(r)/n.因素；要素
7._symbol/'s?mbl/n.符号；象征
8._carve/kɑ?v/vt.& vi.雕刻
9．dynasty/'d?n?sti/n.王朝；朝代
10._means/mi?nz/n.方式；方法；途径
11._classic/'kl?s?k/adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著
12．regard/r?'ɡɑ?d/n.尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
13．character/'k?r?kt?(r)/n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
14．calligraphy/k?'l?ɡr?fi/n.书法；书法艺术
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词，并牢记拓展词汇
1．refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫…… 求助于→reference (n.)参考；参照；涉及
2．base_ vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据→based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→vary vt.&vi.使多样化；变化
4．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majority n．多数
5．global_ adj.全球的；全世界的→globe (n.)球体；地球仪；地球
6._appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会→appreciation (n.)欣赏；感激；感谢
Ⅲ.重点短语
根据汉语意思补全短语
1．refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2．ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
3．date back (to...) 追溯到
4．the attitude_to/towards... 对……的态度
5．pay attention_to 注意
6．do business with sb. 与某人做生意
7．be known_for 因……而出名
8．lead to 导致
9．varieties of 各种各样的
10．be of_great importance 很重要
11．be connected with 和……有联系
12．play a．.. role in 起着……的作用
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．That was a time when...那是……的时期
Over the years, it developed into different forms because that was a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
随着时间的推移，它发展成不同的形式，因为那时中国人民在地理上分裂，导致许多方言和文字出现。
2．No matter how/what/when...，引导让步状语从句
Even today, no_matter_where_Chinese_people_live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们仍然可以用书面交流。
3．as 引导状语从句，意为“随着”
As_China_plays_a_greater_role_in_global_affairs,_an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
随着中国在国际事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种令人惊叹的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。
?第一步|速读——了解教材课文(P62)主题和段落大意
1．What is the text mainly about ?
A．The development of Chinese writing system
B．The effect of Chinese writing system
C．The important role of Chinese writing system
D．The development and effect of Chinese writing system
答案：D
2．Please match the main idea of paragraphs.
Paragraphs 1～4： A．China's present is connected with its past by written Chinese.
Paragraph 5： B．Many foreigners learn Chinese culture and history through the Chinese written system.
Paragraph 6： C．How did the Chinese writing system develop?
答案：Paragraphs 1～4：C Paragraph 5：A Paragraph 6：B
?第二步|细读——把握教材课文(P62)关键信息
1．What do you think is one of the main factors that has helped the Chinese language and culture survive?
A．Chinese writing system
B．Chinese wisdom
C．Chinese hard work
D．Chinese spoken language
答案：A
2．What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A．How did people carve symbols on bones and shells?
B．What did the symbols on bones and shells mean?
C．When did the picture－based language begin?
D．A picture－based language, the earliest written Chinese.
答案：D
3．Why did the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction?
A．People wanted to live in peace.
B．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country.
C．People were willing to communicate in a language.
D．People were divided geographically.
答案：B
4．How does foreigners appreciate the China's culture and history?
A．Classic works B．Music
C．The Chinese language D．A picture-based language
答案：C
?第一板块|核心词汇诠释
1．native adj.本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人
(教材P60) How many billion people speak the UN's official languages as their native or second language? 有多少亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言？
(1)be native to 原产于
one's native country/land/language 某人的祖国/故乡/母语
(2)be a native of... ……的人；原产于……的动物或植物
①Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
②As a matter of fact, French is not my native language.事实上，法语不是我的母语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)Is her uncle a native of Shanghai, or just a visitor?
(2)The researcher says the tiger is native to India.,
发散思维：
one's native language 母语
official language 官方语言
2.attitude n．态度； 看法； 姿态
(教材P60)What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning?
说话者对外语学习的态度是什么？
attitude to/towards... 对……的态度/看法
have/take a(n)．..attitude to/towards... 对……持……的态度/采取……的态度
①We each should develop a positive attitude to life.
我们每个人都应该培养积极的人生态度。
②Try to have a positive attitude to/towards everything and stop complaining.
尽力对每件事情都持积极的态度，停止抱怨。
[即学即练] 单句写作
是你对生活的不好态度使父母生气。
It was your_bad_attitude_towards/to your work that made your parents angry.
名师指津：attitude后常用介词“to/towards”哟！
3.despite prep.即使；尽管
(教材P62) China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.
中国以其悠久的文明而闻名，尽管历史上有过许多起起落落，但中国一直延续到现代。
despite 即使；尽管， 为介词，后常跟名词或v.-ing
even if 即使；尽管，为连词，后跟从句
①My parents love me despite my shortcomings.
尽管我有很多缺点，但是父母还是喜欢我的。
②John is a good basketball player despite being short and thin.
尽管约翰身材矮小，他依然是个优秀的篮球运动员。
[即学即练] even if 与despite对比填空
(1)Despite the fact that Mr.Li is very rich, he leads a simple life.
(2)Even_if I fail many times, I won't give up.
发散思维：
despite同义词为：in spite of
Despite/In spite of failure, he didn't lose heart.
尽管失败了，他没有灰心。
4.refer to 提及；查阅；参考；谈到；提交；把……称作……；指的是
(经典例句)He had been well prepared for his speech so that he didn't refer to his note book while delivering his speech.
他已经为他的演讲做了充分的准备，所以他在演讲时没有看笔记本。
一词多义——写出下列句中refer to的含义
(1)Since the boy has been punished, please don't refer to that matter again.提及
(2)If you don't know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.参考
(3)When I said some people were stupid I wasn't referring to you.指的是
(4)As far as I know, he is referred to as a living Lei Feng.把……称作
(1)refer to...as... 把……称作……
(2) reference n． 言及，提及；参考；查阅
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference (refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
(2) What really surprised us was that the president spoke at the meeting for nearly two hours without referring (refer) to his notes.
名师指津：不一样的“查字典”：
look up the word in the dictionary
refer to the dictionary
consult the dictionary
5.based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
(教材P62)At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.
最初，书面汉语是一种以象形文字为基础的语言。
(1)be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据
(2) base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础
n. 底部；根据
base...on... 以……为基础
(3)basic adj. 基础的
①In my diary, I set down a series of things that are all based on facts.
在我的日记里，我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。
②One should always base his opinion on facts.
一个人应该始终以事实为根据发表自己的观点。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)Based (base) on a true story, the film is very popular.
(2)They have to have a basic (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology.
(3) The restaurant is based on trust, and it is working all right.(升级句式)
→Based_on_trust,_the restaurant is working all right.(分词短语作状语)
名师指津：base 常用过去分词作状语哟！
6.date back (to...)追溯(到……)
(教材P62)It dates back to several thousand years to longgu.
它可以追溯到几千年前的龙骨。
(1)date back to＝date from 追溯到……
(2)out of date 过时的，陈旧的
①As far as I know, the old town dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。
②I'd like to buy a new coat, because this one is out of date.
我想买一个新外套，因为这个外套已经过时了。
[即学即练] 单句写作
每天有许多游客在这座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。
Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower, which_dates_back_to as early as 800 years ago.
名师指津：牢记 date back to只用一般现在时哟！
7.variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
(经典佳句) One of the advantages is that we can find varieties of topics, such as science, culture and history.其中优势之一是我们能够找到各种主题，如：科学、文化、历史等。
(1)a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的
(2)various adj. 不同的；各种各样的
for various reasons 由于种种原因
(3)vary vt.&vi. 改变；变化
vary from... to... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
① In my free time, I'd like to take exercise, such as swimming, running and various/a variety of ball games.在业余时间，我喜欢锻炼，例如：游泳、跑步和各种球类运动。
②All languages change over time and vary from place to place because of the local accent.
所有的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化，并且由于地方口音的不同而有所不同。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)It is a pity that some people can't go back home at the Spring Festival for a variety (various) of reasons.
(2)The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages vary_ (various) from 10 to 15.
(3)Our school has built a new stadium. It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities.
→Our school has built a new stadium, which_has_various/varieties_of/a_variety_of_ well-equipped facilities. (升级加黑词； 升级为定语从句)
名师指津：不一样的“各种各样”：
a variety of；
varieties of；
various；
all kinds of
8.major/'me?d??(r)/adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究
(教材P62)Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
秦始皇统一了七大诸侯国，形成了一个统一的郡，中国的文字系统开始朝一个方向发展。
(1) major in 主修……；以……为专业
(2) majority n. 大多数；大半
the majority of 大多数……
be in the majority 构成大部分/大多数
①I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.我猜想这里可能有个大的误会。
②When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is of great importance.当涉及教育，大部分人认为教育很重要。
[即学即练] 单句写作
随着中国在国际事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，学好汉语对我们来说非常重要。因此，我的父母想让我在大学主修中文。
As China plays_a_more_and_more_important_role_in_global affairs, it is very important for us to have a good knowledge of Chinese. As a result, my parents wants me to_major_in_Chinese at college.
发散思维：
表示“主要的；首要的”的形容词一览
①major 主要的；重要的
②main 主要的
③chief 首要的
9.means n．方式；方法；途径
(教材P62)Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。
(1) a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具
(2)by this means 通过这种方法
by means of 用……办法；借助……
by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
mean vi. 意味着
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
①There is no doubt that Wechat is an important means of communication.
毫无疑问，微信是一种重要的交流工具。
②Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing part-time jobs.
学生有时借助兼职工作养活自己。
③By no means can you give up when you are in trouble.
处境困难时绝对不能放弃。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)Every possible means has_been_tried (try), but none has worked.
(2)All possible means have_been_tried (try), but none has worked.
(3)Missing the bus means waiting (wait) for another two hours.
温馨提示：
means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。
10.regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
(教材P62)The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form which has become an important part of Chinese culture: Chinese calligraphy.
汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展，已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分：书法。
(1)regard/consider... as... 认为……是……
(2)have high/no regard for... 高度关注/无视……
with/in regard to sth. 关于某事
①I regard this novel as one of the best novels I have ever read.
我认为这是我读过的最好的小说中的一部。
②She has no regard for other people's feelings. 她无视别人的感受。
③In regard to his suggestions, we shall discuss them fully.
关于你的建议，我们将充分讨论。
[即学即练] 一句多译
众所周知，李健被认为是最著名的音乐人之一。
(1)As we all know, Li Jian is_considered_as_one of the most famous musicians.
(2)It is known to us that Li Jian_is_regarded_as one of the most famous musicians.
名师指津：复数“regards”意为“问候，致意”
Please give my reagrds to your parents. 请向你父母转达我的致意。
11.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值
(教材P62)As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
随着中国在国际事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种令人惊叹的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n． 欣赏； 感激
express one's appreciation to sb. for sth. 表达对某人的感激之情
①Many people can't fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise.
许多人没有充分认识到定期锻炼的重要性。
②I'd appreciate your writing me back as soon as possible.你尽早回信我将感激不尽。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
(2)I appreciate being_given (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
(3)I'd_appreciate_it_if_you could take my suggestions into consideration.
如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。
名师指津：“感谢某人”荟萃：
thank sb.
express one's thanks to sb.
express one's appreciation to sb.
?第二板块|重点句型解构
1．句型公式：That/This was a time when...这是……的时期
(教材P62) Over the years, it developed into different forms because that was a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
随着时间的推移，它发展成不同的形式，因为那时中国人民在地理上分裂，导致许多方言和文字出现。
This/That is/was a time when... 这是一个……的时期
There was a time when... 曾有一段时间……
①That was a time when the girl lost the power of speech.
那是这个女孩不能说话的一段时间。
②There was a time when women were not allowed to go to school.
曾经有一段时间，女性不被允许去上学。
[即学即练] 单句写作
这是一段汤姆的妈妈很容易生气的时期。
This_was_a_time_when Tom's mother got angry very easily.
名师指津：牢记There was once a time when... 一定要用when 引导定语从句哟！
2.句型公式： No matter how/what/when…，引导让步状语从句
(教材P62) Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们仍然可以用书面交流。
(1)no matter how意为“不管；无论如何”，引导让步状语从句，相当于however。
(2)“no matter＋特殊疑问词(如who/what/where/when等)”均可引导让步状语从句，可与特殊疑问词-ever等词互换。
①No matter how difficult it is, I'm going to finish the work ahead of time.
无论有多么困难，我打算提前完成工作。
②No matter what/Whatever you say, I won't believe you any longer.
无论你说什么，我再也不相信你了。
[即学即练] 一句多译
不管有多晚，他母亲总是等他。
(1)No_matter_how_late_it_is,_his mother is always waiting for him.
(2)However_late_it_is,_his mother is always waiting for him.
名师指津：分析句子成分是确定no matter what/when/how/who的关键。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As a matter of fact, French is not my native(本国的)language.
2．As is known to us all, the valuable painting dates back to the Ming Dynasty (朝代)．
3．The film which is_based (以……为基础)on a true love story is very popular with young people.
4．The weather could be a major factor (因素) in tomorrow's game.
5．After three years of study, she knows the dialect (方言) here well.
6．As we all know, cars have become a popular means (途径，方法) of transport.
7．As you know, smoking is one of the major (主要的) causes of cancer, so you'd better give it up.
8．Practising Chinese Kungfu can not only build up your body but also can develop your character (品质，个性)．
9．As you get older, your attitude (态度) towards life changes.
10．Like many young people, he prefers pop music to classical (古典的) music.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．You'd better learn some basic (base) Chinese before you come to our school. Only in this way can you get used to the life here soon.
2．Our school lies in Tianjin city, which is beautiful. In autumn, it is neither too hot nor too cold.
3．As a result, we often take part in varieties (various) of after-school activities.
4．As is known to us, China is widely known for its ancient civilization.
5．Henry told me that there was a time when_he stayed up every night going over his lessons.
6．My mother won't allow me to lie to her no matter what happens.
7．Sometimes I enjoy playing (play) the piano, but sometimes I find it is really boring.
8．All possible means have _been_tried_ (try) to find a way to settle the problem.
9．What is your attitude towards/to senior high students taking up a part-time job?
10．As is known to us, the panda is native_to China.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．如果您能给我一些关于如何解决这些问题的建议，我将不胜感激。
I_would_appreciate_it_if you could give me some advice on how to solve these problems.
2．随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
As_time_went_by,_I have been used to the school life.
3．不管他多忙，他总是乐意帮助别人。
No_matter_how_busy_he_is,_he is ready to help others.
4．如今，互联网在人们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用。
Nowadays, the Internet plays_a_very_important_role_in people's daily life.
5．由于世界已成为一个地球村，掌握好英语对我们大家都很重要。
As the world has become a global village, learning English well is_of_great_importance_to us all.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The main reason 1.why China's ancient civilization has continued all the way through into modern times has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language, which 2.dates_ (date)back several thousand years to longgu.
Symbols 3.were_carved (carve)on animals bones and shells by ancient Chinese people. Over the years, there was 4.a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically, 5.leading (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country, making the Chinese writing system begin to develop 6.in one direction. It was of great 7.importance (important)in uniting the Chinese people and culture. People in modern times can read the classic 8.works (work) written by Chinese in ancient 9.times. Nowadays, Chinese calligraphy has become an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in 10.global (globe) affairs, a large number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this 11.amazing_ (amaze)language.
课时作业 17
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes? Let's have a look.
People wear pants to cover the lower part of their bodies. We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants (蚂蚁) in their pants. Sometimes, people may get caught with their pants down. They are found doing something they should not be doing. And, in every family, one person takes control. Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do. Then we say she wears the pants in the family.
Pants usually have pockets to hold things. Money that is likely to be spent quickly can burn a hole in your pocket. Sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants. If you have less money than usual, you may have to tighten your belt.
I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much. I really take my hat off to them. Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I instantly spend it.
Boots are a heavy or strong kind of shoes. People who are too big for their boots think they are more important than they really are. I dislike such people. My father is an important person. He runs a big company. He wears a suit and tie, and a shirt with sleeves (衣袖) that cover his arms. Some people who do not know him well think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly. But I know that my father wears his heart on his sleeve.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，主要介绍了有关衣物类的英语谚语及其用法和含义。
1．Which of the following expressions can show someone is nervous?
A．Get caught with one's pants down.
B．Have ants in one's pants.
C．Wear the pants in the family.
D．Burn a hole in one's pocket.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants (蚂蚁) in their pants.”可知，当一个人很紧张时，我们可以用“Have ants in one's pants.”来表述。故选B项。
2．If we say someone has to tighten his belt, we probably mean he ________.
A．has done something wrong
B．used to live a rich life
C．has put on the wrong pants
D．is short of money
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的最后一句“If you have less money than usual, you may have to tighten your belt.”可知，“... someone has to tighten his belt...”主要用来描述一个人钱不够花、很拮据的情景。故选D项。
3．Someone who spends his money at the drop of a hat most probably ________.
A．doesn't save money
B．earns much money
C．never wastes his money
D．spends more than he earns
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I instantly spend it.”可知，“Someone who spends his money at the drop of a hat...”意味着一个人花钱大手大脚，不节省。故选A项。
4．We can use the expression “wear one's heart on one's sleeve” to describe someone who ________.
A．gets angry easily
B．looks very serious
C．shows his feelings openly
D．often wears a suit and tie
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Some people who do not know him well think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly. But I know that my father wears his heart on his sleeve.”可知，“wear one's heart on one's sleeve”用来指一个人敞开胸怀表达自己的情感。故选C项。
B
Schoolgirl Lorna O'Brien was in her kitchen when she looked out of the window and was terrified (惊恐的) at what she saw. “Help！” she shouted. “There's smoke and fire coming out of the kitchen window opposite.”
Her father, John, ran across to the house while her 15-year-old brother Paul called the fire service. Lorna, 16, rushed across and caught up with her dad, who had just kicked open the front door. They looked upstairs where they saw smoke coming out of the top flat. Lorna followed her father into the flat, where they found a pan (平底锅) on fire in the kitchen and the young mother, Mane Linn, who had been asleep, passed out (失去意识) in the smoke-blackened sitting room. Lorna's dad threw a wet cloth over the pan and then turned off the stove (炉子) before starting to help Mane through the smoke down the stairs to safety.
Suddenly Mane started crying, “My baby, my baby！”“Where's the baby？”asked Lorna. “In the bedroom，” Mane shouted back. While John pulled the crying mother from the house, Lorna, without a thought for her own safety, turned back to search for the baby. She found the little girl, 14-month-old Ann, lying with her eyes closed.
Lorna quickly took the baby, rushed downstairs through the fire and smoke. “It didn't cross my mind at the time that I was near to dying when I rushed through the smoke，” said Lorna. “I was just thinking of the baby. Even after I came out of the house, I wasn't frightened.”
When help arrived, baby Ann and her mum were taken to hospital for treatment. It was only when Lorna got back into the safety of her own house that she realised the danger she had faced. “I started shaking all over and thought of what could have happened to me，” she said.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。女孩儿偶然间发现邻居家里着火，她不顾自身安危，与父亲一起将邻居母女救出失火房屋。
5．What did Lorna's dad choose to do first when he entered the flat?
A．Put out the fire. B．Turn off the stove.
C．Open the windows. D．Help Mane downstairs.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“They looked upstairs... down the stairs to safety”可知，Lorna的父亲进入失火公寓之后，首先扑灭了火源。
6．What was the cause of the fire?
A．Mane fell asleep while cooking.
B．Ann was careless when playing with fire.
C．Mane suddenly passed out while cooking.
D．There was something wrong with the stove.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。由第二段中的“they found a pan... smoke-blackened sitting room”可知，厨房的平底锅着火，而Mane在客厅睡着，并因浓烟失去意识。因此可推断，Mane在做饭时睡着导致平底锅着火。
7．Which of the following can best describe Lorna when she saved the baby?
A．Careful. B．Patient.
C．Brave. D．Clever.
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。由第三段中的“Lorna, without a thought for her own safety, turned back to search for the baby”和第四段中的“It didn't cross my mind at the time that I was near to dying when I rushed through the smoke”可知，Lorna救孩子时非常勇敢，一刻也没有想到自己的安危。
8．How did Lorna feel after returning to her house?
A．Worried. B．Frightened.
C．Proud. D．Relaxed.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“It was only when... she had faced”以及Lorna所说的话可知，Lorna安全回到自己家之后才意识到救人时她面临了很大的危险，并对可能出现的严重后果感到害怕，全身颤抖。
Ⅱ.七选五
Simple ways to improve your written English
Many people think it is really difficult to improve (提高) their writing in English. Don't worry, though. Here are some simple steps that you can take to improve your written English.
?Increase your vocabulary.
To express yourself clearly, you need a good active vocabulary. That's not just being able to know lots of words — it means actually being able to use them correctly. __1__
Tip: When you learn a new word, try to learn all the forms of that word.
?__2__
People often say that we learn to write best by reading. Reading in English is useful in many ways. It is a great way to get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly.
Tip: __3__ Learning shouldn't be boring. Read each text several times to make sure you understand how to use new words and expressions in the text.
?Improve your grammar.
Grammar is very important because it improves the quality (质量) of your writing.
Tip: __4__ The first time, look for general mistakes and the second time look for mistakes with the grammar point you are studying at the moment.
?Just do it!
The best way to improve your writing is to get a pen and paper and write. Be prepared to write several versions (版本) of each text.__5__
A．Know your readers.
B．Read widely and often.
C．Always check your writing twice.
D．Remember, practice makes perfect!
E．Choose books or articles that interest you.
F．Use simpler language and shorter sentences to show your ideas.
G．Do this by learning new words with example sentences, not just word lists.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了几种提高英文写作的简单方法。
1．答案与解析：G G项中的“learning new words with example sentences”与该空前的“it means actually being able to use them correctly”相呼应。本段是说增加词汇量并不仅仅是知道单词的意思，而是要懂其用法。
2．答案与解析：B 由下文解释的“get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly”可知，本段讲阅读对写作的帮助。故选B项。
3．答案与解析：E 由上文的“learn to write best by reading”和该空后的“Learning shouldn't be boring”可知，阅读有助于写作，但要选择那些让你感兴趣的书籍或文章。故选E项。
4．答案与解析：C C项中的“check your writing twice”与该空后的“The first time... general mistakes”和“the second time... mistakes with the grammar point”相呼应。
5．答案与解析：D 由本段小标题“Just do it！”和下文中的“get a pen and paper and write. Be prepared to write several versions of each text”可知，想要提高写作就要多动笔写，俗话说得好，熟能生巧。
课件75张PPT。Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
Grammar — 定语从句(Ⅱ)
[新知导引]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．(教材P62)There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
2．(教材P62)Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3．(教材P64)I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country where German was spoken.
4．(教材P64)I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give up.
5．(教材P68)Then I saw an advertisement that offered a wonderful summer course, and that was the day when I decided to take on a new language.
6．The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
[共性呈现]
1．所有画线部分都是关系副词引导的定语从句。
2．关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(第5、6句)。
3．关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(第2、3句)。
4．关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语(第1、4句)。
[语法精释]
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词
先行词
功能
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
reason
原因状语
1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.
我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。
The day when we get together will come soon.
我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。
We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
[名师点津] 若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)
2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
He is now working in the factory where his father worked.
现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。
[名师点津] 若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。
The school (which/that) we visited yesterday is newly built.
我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。
(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)
3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。
The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.
他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。
Can you tell me the reason why you didn't come to his birthday party?
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
[名师点津] reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。
I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)
[即学即练1] 对比填空：that, which, when, where, why
(1)I will never forget the days that/which we spent together.
(2)I will never forget the days when we stayed together.
(3)The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was not sound.
(4)The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.
(5)Keep the book in a place where you can find it easily.
(6)This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
二、关系代词作介词的宾语
关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom或whose。
1．介词的选用
“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)
This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.
这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)
[名师点津] (1)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。
I still remember the time when (＝in which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。
This is the hotel where (＝in which) they stayed.
这就是他们待过的旅馆。
This is the reason why (＝for which) he left in a hurry.
这就是他匆匆离去的原因。
(2)有些“动词＋介词”短语，如look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。
The doctor that you sent for has not come.
你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。
2．关系代词的选择
“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。
This is the student for whom I bought a book.
这就是我给其买书的那个学生。
This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘的船。
3．“名词/数词/代词等＋介词of＋关系代词”结构。有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。
The river, the banks of which are covered with trees, flows to the sea.
这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。
He has three sons, two of whom are teachers.
他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。
Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series.
玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
(1)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which_has been proved.
(2)My computer, without which_I can't surf the Internet, broke down yesterday.
(3)The girl to whom you talked just now is our English teacher.
(4) I have about 10 books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The reason why/for_which she changed her mind is quite clear.
2．The days when they travelled together meant a lot to him.
3．I saw a house, the windows of which were broken.
4．She has two sons, both of whom graduated from Harvard University.
5．Nobody knows the reason for which she didn't attend the meeting.
6．We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
7．The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.
8．We visited the car factory where my uncle once worked three years ago.
9．This is the factory that/which I visited last year.
10．The old man has two sons, and both of them are lawyers.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．We settled down in a small village.In front of the village ran a winding river.
→We settled down in a small village in_front_of_which ran a winding river.
2．She has three sons.All of her sons are abroad now.
→She has three sons and all_of_them are abroad now.
→She has three sons, all_of_whom are abroad now.
3．There are sixty students in our class.Thirty of the students in our class are girls.
→There are sixty students in our class, thirty_of_whom are girls.
4．The school lies in the east of the town.He once studied in the school.
→The school where he once studied lies in the east of the town.
5．Do you remember the days？On those days we played together.
→Do you remember the days when we played together?
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．The reason why_he_could_not_go_there was that he was ill in bed.
他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
2．We are living in an age when_many_things_are_done on computer.
我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
3．After graduation he returned to the small town where/in_which_he_grew_up.
毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。
4．I don't like the way _(that/in_which)_you_speak_to_your_parents.
我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。
5．The house which_was_destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired.
那间在大火中被毁坏的屋子已经被重新修好了。
6．I'll never forget the days when_I_worked_together_with_you.
我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。
7．We made a survey among the students, 78%_of_whom_vote Lee their monitor.
我们在学生中进行了一次调查，78%的学生投票支持Lee来当班长。
8．He is one of my old schoolmates, who_I_came_across the other day in the street.
他是我的一个老同学，我前几天在街上偶然遇见了(come across)他。
课件24张PPT。Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Ⅰ.核心单词
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词
1．specific/sp?'s?f?k/adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
2．struggle/'str?ɡl/n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
3._tongue/t??/n.舌头；语言
4．semester/s?'mest?(r)/n.学期
5．gas/ɡ?s/n.汽油；气体；燃气
6．petrol/'petr?l/n.(gas)汽油
7．subway/'s?bwe?/n.(underground)地铁
8．apartment/?'pa?tm?nt/n.公寓套房
9．gap/ɡ?p/n.间隔；开口；差距
10._demand/d?'mɑ?nd/n.要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要
vi.查问
11．vocabulary/v?'k?bj?l?ri/n.词汇
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词，并牢记拓展词汇
1._equal/'i?kw?l/n.同等的人；相等物
adj.相同的；同样的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
2．description/d?'skr?p?n/n.描写(文字)；形容→describe (vt.)描述；形容；描绘
3．relate/r?'le?t/vt.联系；讲述→relation n. 关系
Ⅲ.重点短语
根据汉语意思补全短语
1．point_of view 观点；看法
2．relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
3．give_up 放弃
4._feel like 感觉像
5．used to 过去常常
6．get/be used to 适应，习惯于
7．compare... with ……与……相比较
8．depend on 依靠，取决于
9．be senior to 比……年长
10．aside from 除了……之外
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”意为“越……，就越……”
It was exercise for the brain: the_more_I learnt of a language, the_more my brain would grow.
这是对大脑的锻炼：我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就会增长得越多。
2．have trouble with sth./in doing sth.做某事有困难
I used to get high marks in English, but now I'm having_a_lot_of_trouble_with my listening. 我以前英语成绩很好，但是现在我的听力有很多问题。
3．动词＋疑问词＋to do 结构
I can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can't remember_how_to_use_them all properly.
我不能把所有的新词汇都记在脑子里，当然我也记不得如何正确地使用它们。
Read the text on page 66 and then choose the best answer.
1．What is Liu Wen's biggest problem of learning English?
A．Speaking B．Listening
C．Reading D．Writing
答案：B
2．To get used to how fast native speakers talk, Jia Xin does except________.
A．Listening to English radio programmes.
B．Repeating what he hears.
C．Recording his voice.
D．Asking the radio host for help.
答案：D
3．What does the word “ bridge” in the sentence “..., so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.”
A．消除，填补 B．架桥
C．桥梁 D．减少
答案：A
?第一板块|核心词汇诠释
1．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
( 教材P64)When I started studying German, it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，这是一场奋斗。
struggle for 努力争取……；为……而斗争
struggle against/with 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
①We have to struggle with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。
②After the accident, Tom struggled to his feet and dialed 119.
出事后，汤姆挣扎着站起来并拨打了119。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)Workers are struggling for a clean canteen and healthy food.
(2)She never gave up and struggled to_live (live) an active life.
(3)It was in 1862 that the American slaves won their struggle for freedom.,
名师指津： struggle 记住可用作n. 奋斗；难事”
It was a struggle for her to make him understand.让他理解对她来说真是难事。
2.point of view 观点；看法
( 教材P64)I had finally come to a place where I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view.
我终于来到了一个可以用外语思考的地方，我可以从一个不同的角度看世界。
依某人看来
①From my point of view, you should turn to your teacher for help.
依我看来，你应该向老师求助。
②I respect your point of view, but I'm not sure I agree with you. 我尊重你的观点，但我还是不敢苟同。
[即学即练] 一句多译
在我看来，通过这些活动你可以更好地了解春节。
(1)In_my_opinion/view,_you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
(2)As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
(3)From_my_point_of_view,_you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
名师指津：一定记住写作时“from my point of view; as far as I'm concerned”比in my opinion 高频哟！
3.equal n．同等的人；相等物； adj.相同的；同样的
( 教材P66)Our relationship is close and we're equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 我们的关系很亲密，我们是平等的，所以我只需要几句话来弥补我们之间的差距。
(1)be equal to 等于
be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任(做)某事
(2)A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上B
(3) without equal 无人可比，无敌
equally adv. 同样地；平等地
①I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
我知道，这会帮我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。
②Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.
曲折离奇的故事结尾给阅读者的喜悦是无与伦比的。
③Beethoven was a world-famous musician, who had no equal in music.
贝多芬是世界著名的音乐家，在音乐方面无人能比。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)As far as I know, he is quite equal to the job.
(2)As far as I'm concerned, men and women must be treated equally_ (equal) in education.
(3)I don't think he is equal to doing (do) this kind of work.
发散思维：“适合做某事”大团圆：
be fit for sth.
be suitable for sth.
be equal to doing sth.
4.demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问
( 教材P66)But if I'm talking to someone who isn't very close to me, I must make my request longer — and I must make it a question, not a demand, e．g...
但是如果我和一个不是很亲近的人谈话，我必须使请求更长些——我必须是一个问题，而不是要求，比如……
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet one's demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that...(should) do... 要求……
(3)demanding adj. 高要求的；要求严格的
①First, science graduates are in greater demand than art ones in China.
首先，在中国，对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。
②The manager promised that they would try to meet their customers' demands.
经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)They think learning English well is one of the demands (demand) of modern society and will do good to us.
(2)The teacher demanded that the students should_be (be)on time to every class.
[链接写作] 词汇升级
普通表达The manager asked the workers to work hard to finish the task ahead of time.
高级表达The manager demanded_that the workers (should) work hard to finish the task ahead of time.
名师指津
牢记”meet one's demands” demands一定要用复数形式哟！
demand that …should ＋do 形式， should 可省略。
5.description n．描写(文字)；形容
( 教材P67)Does the writer give a clear description of the problem?
作者是否清楚地描述了这个问题？
(1)beyond description 无法形容；难以描述
(2)describe vt. 描述；形容；描绘
①He gave us a short description of the city.
他给我们简短地介绍了这个城市。
②It is difficult to describe how I feel now.很难形容我现在的感受。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The beautiful sight of Mount Huangshan is beyond description.
(2)He gave us a clear description (describe) of the accident.
名师指津：give a．.. description of...描绘……要牢记该用法哟！
He gave us a short description of the accident.
他给我们简短地描述了这次事故。
6.relate vt.联系；讲述
( 教材P67)Does each sentence relate to the main idea? 每句话都与主旨有关吗？
(1)relate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述
relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
(2)be related to 与……有关
(3)relation n. 关系；联系
in relation to 关于
①He later related the whole story to me. 他后来给我讲了整件事的来龙去脉。
②I have a lot to say in relation to this affair.关于这件事，我有很多话要说。
[即学即练] 单句写作
据说这部英文短片主要与我们学校发展有关。
It is said that the short English film is_mainly_related_to the development of our school.
名师指津： “relate”一大家族：
relate vt. 联系；讲述
related adj. 与……有关
unrelated adj. 不相关的
relation n. 关系
relationship n. 关系；联系
?第二板块|重点句型解构
1．句型公式： the＋比较级， the＋比较级 越……，就越……
(教材P64) It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.
这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就越灵活。
(1)the＋比较级， the＋比较级 越……，就越……
(2)the more..., the less... 越……，越不……
the more...the better... ……越多，……就越好
①The more he explained, the more confused I became.
他越解释我就越迷惑。
②As is known to us, the lazier a person is, the more things he needs to do tomorrow.
众所周知，一个人越懒，他明天要做的事情越多。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The harder you work, the greater (great) progress you will make.
(2)The more careful you are, the fewer (few) mistakes you will make.
名师指津：看到”the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，就越……”句式，要注意特殊比较级的形容词。
good, well→better; best
bad; badly→worse; worst
many; much →more, most
little→less; least
far→farther; farthest
2.句型公式： have trouble with sth./in doing sth.做某事有困难
(教材P66) I used to get high marks in English, but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening. 我以前英语成绩很好，但是现在我的听力有很多问题。
have trouble/difficulty with sth. 做某事有困难
have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有麻烦/困难
①I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.
眼下我和班上的同学有点儿麻烦。
②If you have some trouble in getting along with your friends，you can write to them.
如果你在与朋友的相处上有问题，你可以给他们写信。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)With the guide leading the way, we had no trouble finding (find) your house.
(2)He knows little about Russian, so he has some difficulty communicating (communicate) with the natives.
名师指津：要注意have trouble/difficulty in doing sth. 的变形哟！
You can't imagine what difficulty in getting used to the new school life.
你无法想象适应新的学校生活有多难。
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．His demand_(要求)was that we (should) go to the training centre at once.
2．My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run out of petrol_ (汽油)．
3．We must finish all these courses in this semester (学期)．
4．I'd appreciate it if you can give us some specific (确切的) examples.
5．We all have equal_ (平等的) chances of working and living in this country.
6．It is a good idea to read English novels to enlarge your vocabulary_ (词汇)．
7．As is known to us, there is a generation gap (间隔，差距) between the young and the old.
8．It was when I got back to my apartment_(公寓) that I first came across my new neighbours.
9．In our daily life, we must struggle (斗争) against natural disasters and lead a miserable life for lack of nutrition.
10．I'd like to go to work every day by subway (地铁)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Compared (compare) with my deskmate, I am proud of what I did.
2．Having a good knowledge of English means (mean) we can see the world through a new window.
3．Faced with so many new things to learn, I was at a loss what to_do (do) next.
4．In my opinion, nobody but him is equal to the job, for he has good skills in it.
5．They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals.
6．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global_(globe) warming.
7．He has got used to living (live) in the quiet village.
8．When I listen to native English speakers _talking (talk) in a video, I can understand only a few words.
9．Reading (read) classic books opened a window for me to another world.
10．I really appreciate having (have) time to relax with you on this nice island.
Ⅲ.选词填空
date back to； ups and downs； pay attention to； lead to； be known for； be related to； aside from； give up
1．Once you have made up your mind to do something, you'd better not give_up.
2．Generally speaking, lung cancer is_related_to smoking.
3．Aside_from improving creativity, learning music will be useful to children throughout their lives.
4．Generally speaking, we will experience ups_and_downs before we succeed.
5．As far as I know, most of the Great Wall dates_back_to the Ming Dynasty.
6．We should pay_attention_to his culture and customs when visiting a friend.
7．As we all know, all roads lead_to Rome.
8．It is well known that the West Lake is_known_for_its beautiful scenery.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．环境状况正在恶化，那是因为我们人类违反了自然规律。
We humans go against nature, that's_why the environment is getting worse and worse.
2．这辆新车给他们添了很多麻烦，这使他们很生气。
They are having_a_lot_of_trouble_with the new car, which makes them angry.
3．事实上，一个学生越受鼓励，他越努力学习。
As a matter of fact, the_more_a student is encouraged, the_harder he will learn.
4．书店有那么多的书，我不知道选择哪一个。
There are so many books in the bookstore, I don't know which one_to_choose.
5．对我来说很难适应新学校的生活。
It is difficult for me to get_used_to_the_new_school_life.
6．我很荣幸和大家交流在高中要学习什么的看法。
It is a great honor for me to share my opinions with you on what_to_learn in senior high school.
课时作业 18
阅读理解
A
It's 11 p．m., and I'm still sitting here writing this article for the school magazine! I've had two weeks to write it, and my teacher, Julia, wants it tomorrow. She's always complaining (抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute. Maybe she's right.
A month ago I made a decision to be more efficient (有效率的) this year. Well, I've clearly failed. I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now. I've started going to the health club. I've even been going to bed earlier. But I'm not feeling any fitter, just a little unhappier. I miss my bad habits. Why is leading a better life so hard?
I've just read an article on a website, and I've discovered that it isn't my fault (过错)! In fact, it isn't anyone's fault. It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits. There's nothing we can do. Scientists have done experiments that show we use one part of our brain when we think about ourselves and another when we think about other people. However, when we think about ourselves in the future, we use the same part of the brain that we usually use to think about other people. In other words, the brain sees the “future you” as a different person than your “present you.” That's why we don't always find it easy to make good decisions for ourselves in the future.
But that's not all. Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit. That's the amount (数量) of time the brain needs to accept new behavioral patterns (形式). The good news is that once you make it to ten weeks, everything becomes a lot easier. The bad news is that ten weeks is a really long time, so it's easy to give up what you want to do before then.
So even when we want to change our ways and become better people, our brains won't let us. Or is this just an excuse? Look — I've finished my article on time! Anything is possible!
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。作者分析了为何习惯不容易被改变。
1．In Julia's eyes, what kind of person is the author?
A．A bit lazy. B．Quite smart.
C．Very healthy. D．Truly honest.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Julia... always complaining that I leave things till the last minute”可知，作者总是把事情拖到最后时刻才做，故在老师Julia眼里，他有点懒散。
2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．Why we can't have a better life.
B．How our brain sees ourselves in the future.
C．How our brain helps us make good decisions.
D．Why it is not easy for us to change our habits.
答案与解析：D 段落大意题。由第二段可知，作者想改掉以前的习惯却发现很难。第三段承接上段内容，由其中的“It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits”可知，作者在本段介绍他看到的一篇关于大脑在人们做决定时如何运转的文章，旨在告诉读者为何改变旧的习惯是如此之难。
3．According to scientists, in order to form the habit of taking exercise, the author needs to take about ________.
A．another two weeks B．another four weeks
C．another six weeks D．another ten weeks
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。由第二段中的“I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now”和倒数第二段中的“Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit”可知，根据科学家的研究，已锻炼四周的作者，再需要大约六周的时间就能养成锻炼的好习惯。
B
Australia was first used as an island prison by Britain to solve their problem of having a fast growing prison population. These early settlers were those who were sent from all over Great Britain, including Ireland, Wales, and Scotland. Later events, such as the gold rush, caused several waves of immigration (移居) from Europe, Asia and other parts of the world. It is commonly thought that Australians are offspring (后代) of those criminals (罪犯)! In fact, only a part of Australians are those criminals' offspring. Also, in those days, people could be put into prison or sent to Australia for small crimes, like stealing a loaf of bread. Today Australia is home to the largest Greek and Italian communities in the world, outside Greece and Italy. This has helped the Australian accent develop.
Australian English was created by the first generation of children born in the new area. Since they talked with people who have different accents, they began to speak a distinct dialect of English that was to become the language of the nation. These differences were first noted by late arrivals in the early 1800s, and the language sounds like Cockney English, spoken by the working-class in London.
Soon, words from native languages were to become part of the Australian English. Here are some words you may consider them to be Standard English. In fact, they are from native Australian languages!
△The names of many places and animals, including Canberra (the Australian capital, meaning “meeting place” in a local language)．
△Hard yakka — meaning “hard work”， coming from the language of the Brisbane area.
△Cooee — a call used traditionally by native Australians to attract attention, because the sound can travel long distances.
△Bung — meaning “dead”， but also used to mean broken or useless, for example, “He has a bung eye”．
【语篇解读】 澳大利亚英语是怎么发展而来的呢？有哪些词是从土著语转变过来的呢？本文简单介绍了其历史和一些土著词汇。
4．What is commonly believed according to Paragraph 1?
A．Australians are offspring of those criminals.
B．Some Australians are children of those criminals.
C．Small crimes meant going to prison in Australia.
D．Australians are offspring of the British people.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段的“It is commonly thought that Australians are offspring of those criminals！”可知，人们普遍认为澳大利亚人是那些罪犯的后代。
5．What does the underlined word “distinct” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Interesting. B．Different.
C．Beautiful. D．Difficult.
答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“These differences were first noted by late arrivals in the early 1800s...”可知，画线词在这里意为“不同的”。
6．What do the words mentioned in the last paragraph have in common?
A．They are all Standard English.
B．They all mean places and animals.
C．They are only used by Australians.
D．They are all from native Australian languages.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“... words from native languages were to become part of the Australian English.”可知，这些词都是来自澳大利亚的土著语言。
C
I traveled to London, England in the spring of 2016. Actually, I traveled with CAPA International Education on a study program. At that time, I did a full three-month program but I traveled on weekends and during breaks.
I used to live in a small town outside New York. The idea of big cities has always excited me and I wanted to take advantage of that once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. It was a great opportunity for me to see how independent I could be in another country, because I hope to travel a lot more in the future.
I lived in a flat in Ealing Broadway with several other students from different American schools. The biggest surprise I found there was the culture shock I experienced. I had expected traveling to London to be an easy transition (转变) for me because I thought their culture was close to that of America. But you know the language and the people were greatly different from what I had expected. They had different accents. In fact, they were noisy and more free-thinking than most Americans I knew.
However, I tried to take part in their giant Chinese New Year celebration in Trafalgar Square. I went to several Jewish society holiday celebrations and actively participated in any cultural activities I knew at that time. It was great to be able to truly put myself in their culture. These are experiences I couldn't get anywhere else.
I would suggest people hoping to follow in my footsteps not let anything hold them back from exploring the foreign cultures presented to them. Yes, you are there for school, but your number one priority (优先) is yourself. So make sure you go home with no regrets. Do not miss anything!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在去英国参加学习项目期间，利用周末和假期旅游，努力融入当地文化，并且感受到了将学习与探索外国文化融为一体的重要意义。
7．What was the author's main purpose in going to London?
A．To go sightseeing.
B．To visit some relatives.
C．To join in a study program.
D．To experience the life in a big city.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“I traveled to London, England in the spring of 2016. Actually, I traveled with CAPA International Education on a study program.”可知，作者去伦敦的主要目的是参加一个学习项目。
8．What did the author think of the opportunity of traveling to London?
A．It would change his life.
B．It would test his independence.
C．It would make his dream come true.
D．It would help improve his communication ability.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段“It was a great opportunity for me to see how independent I could be in another country...”可知，我把赴英国学习的机会看作对自己独立能力的一次检验。
9．What was beyond the author's expectation after arriving in London?
A．Culture differences. B．Unfriendly students.
C．His living conditions. D．Some strange accents.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段“The biggest surprise I found there was the culture shock I experienced.”可知，作者在英国经历的文化冲击是作者意料之外的。
10．In the last paragraph, the author mainly advises people studying abroad to ________.
A．explore more interesting places for traveling
B．try to receive more international education
C．combine study with exploring foreign cultures
D．look for more ways to deal with the culture shock
答案与解析：C 写作意图题。在最后一段，作者建议那些希望像他一样赴英国学习的人们不要让任何事情阻止他们探索呈现在他们面前的外国文化。
课件48张PPT。Section Ⅴ Writing — 海报
技法指导
英文海报通常含有通知性，所以主题应该明确，一目了然。它还包含广告的某些特点，要求内容简明扼要，形式新颖美观。
1．明确海报的类型
明确你要写的海报是活动宣传、招聘广告还是人物介绍。
2．把握海报的语言特点
海报要求用最少的文字包含最多的信息，以达到醒目的效果，因此海报多用省略句、缩略语、短语表达。
3．突出海报的重要信息
为进一步增强海报的醒目性，一些重要信息常常被分行突出，并且在其前面用粗点、星号等特殊符号加以强调，有时还配有图片以增加吸引力。
[亮点句式]
(1)开头语：第一句话用来交代活动的内容和时间
①Professor Wang will deliver a speech on how to learn English this weekend.
王教授这个周末将作如何学好英语的报告。
②There is a piece of news that we'll hold an English speech contest on July 16th.
有消息说我们将于七月十六日举行一次英语演讲比赛。
③Our school is holding an English party at seven in the concert hall this evening.
我们学校将于今晚七点在校音乐厅举行英语晚会。
(2)正文：交代活动的地点及其他相关内容
①The match will be wonderful.
比赛会非常精彩。
②You can buy tickets online, and the price is 2 yuan for each.
可以网上订票，每人两元。
③Call Lily at 51542636 or email...
请致电莉莉51542636或发电邮……
(3)结束语：用一些鼓励性语言激发读者的兴趣
①Please come and cheer for them.
快来给他们加油吧。
②All are warmly welcome.
热烈欢迎各位。
③Take the chance, or you will regret.
抓住机会，不会后悔。
精品展示
为提高我校学生的英语口语水平，我们将举办英语演讲比赛(English-speaking contest)，请你根据下面的信息，以学生会(the Students' Union)的名义写一份海报，欢迎全校同学参加，届时特邀本校美籍教师史密斯先生颁奖。
报名时间
9月30日以前(报名：sign up)
报名地点
学生会办公室
比赛时间
10月9日晚7：00～9：00
比赛地点
学校大会议室
奖励
前8名
[审题谋篇]
第一步：明确要求
该写作属于应用文海报写作，有提示将举办英语演讲比赛，故用一般将来时和一般现在时为主；人称为第一人称。
第二步： 确定段落
第一段：介绍将要举行英语演讲比赛及举行的时间、地点。
第二段：介绍可参赛的人员，比赛报名的时间、地点。
第三段：介绍比赛的颁奖人及奖励情况。
第三步： 提炼要点
1．improve_spoken_English 提高英语口语
2．have_an_English-speaking_contest 举行英语演讲比赛
3．take_part_in 参加
4．sign_up 报名
5．the_Students'_Union 学生会
6．sb._is_welcome_to_do_sth. 欢迎某人做某事
7．be_invited_to_do_sth. 被邀请做某事
8．be_awarded_by 由……颁奖
第四步：句式升级
1．我们想提高我们的英语口语。我们要举行全校英语演讲比赛。
(一般表达)We want to improve our spoken English.
We are going to have an English-speaking contest for all the students of our school.
I often stayed up late and took little physical exercise. I became too fat and often fell ill.
(高级表达)In_order_to_improve_our_spoken_English,_we_are_going_to_have_an_English-speaking_contest_for_all_the_students_of_our_school. (in order to do sth.作目的状语)
2．比赛将于十月九日晚七点至九点在学校大会议室举行。
(一般表达)We will hold the contest from 7：00 p．m. to 9：00 p．m. on Oct. 9 in our school meeting hall.
(高级表达)The_contest_will_be_held_from_7：00_p．m._to_9：00_p．m._on_Oct._9_in_our_school_meeting_hall. (一般将来时的被动语态)
3．想参加比赛的学生在九月三十日之前到学生会办公室报名。
(一般表达)The students should come to sign up at the office of the Students' Union before Sept. 30. The students want to take part in the contest.
(高级表达)The_students_who_want_to_take_part_in_the_contest_should_come_to_sign_up_at_the_office_of_the_Students'_Union_before_Sept._30. (定语从句)
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
English-speaking Contest
In order to improve our spoken English, we are going to have an English-speaking contest for all the students of our school. It will be held from 7：00 p．m. to 9：00 p．m. on Oct. 9 in our school meeting hall. The students who want to take part in the contest should come to sign up at the office of the Students' Union before Sept. 30. All the students are welcome to attend it. At the appointed time, Mr Smith who works in our school will be invited to attend the contest, and the first eight winners will be awarded by Mr Smith.
The Students' Union
Sept. 10
单元检测卷(六)
选择题部分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Who washed the vegetables?
A．The man. B．The woman.
C．The man's mother.
2．How much cheaper is the blue one than the white one?
A．$10. B．$20.
C．$30.
3．What does the man suggest the woman do?
A．Go back home. B．Bring an umbrella.
C．Check the weather report.
4．What are the speakers talking about?
A．A museum's paintings. B．A famous painter.
C．A museum.
5．What does the man want to eat today?
A．Fish and cabbage. B．Chicken and fish.
C．Chicken and a salad.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．How old is the man?
A．16. B．17.
C．18.
7．How does the man improve his English now?
A．By seeing the movies.
B．By watching TV shows.
C．By reading English books.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What does the man think of Frank Jones?
A．Humorous. B．Serious.
C．Smart.
9．What kind of questions is the woman good at?
A．Ones about music or stars.
B．Ones about math or science.
C．Ones about history or geography.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What did the club send to each member last month?
A．A magazine. B．A pen.
C．A video.
11．How often does the club hold a competition?
A．Once a week. B．Once a month.
C．Once a year.
12．How much should a member pay half a year?
A．Five pounds. B．Four pounds.
C．Three pounds.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．How did Robert go on holiday?
A．By train. B．By car.
C．By bike.
14．Who spent the summer on an island?
A．Michael. B．Helen.
C．Katy.
15．Where did Harry spend his holiday?
A．On the beach. B．In the mountains.
C．On the farm.
16．What does the woman think of Emma's holiday plan?
A．Strange. B．Interesting.
C．Boring.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What can people find on Main Street?
A．A bookstore. B．A bank.
C．A cinema.
18．Where can people buy a used CD?
A．In Market Square. B．In The Palisade.
C．In Bohemia.
19．What does the speaker say about The Show-ground?
A．People can see a film there.
B．It's mainly for children.
C．It covers three floors.
20．How long will the sale last?
A．Five days. B．Six days.
C．Seven days.
答案：
1～5 ABBAC 6～10 CCACB 11～15 CCACC
16～20 BACAC
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：These dishes taste very good. Did you make them?
M：No. My mother was here this morning. She cooked all of them. I just washed the vegetables.
W：You should learn cooking from her.
(Text 2)
W：What about this white bike? It's very cheap. It is 100 dollars.
M：But the blue one is even cheaper. It is only 80 dollars.
W：But it is not as nice as the white one.
(Text 3)
M：Jane, don't forget your umbrella! The weather report said it is supposed to be rainy this afternoon.
W：But I left my umbrella at my room. I will go back upstairs. Wait here, please.
M：Alright.
(Text 4)
M：How did you like the paintings in the museum?
W：Most of them were amazing. But some of them were so difficult that I didn't quite understand them well. And they looked very strange.
M：I totally agree.
(Text 5)
W：Sir, would you like some fish? It is very fresh.
M：Thanks, but I just had some fish yesterday. And today I want to try something else. I would like fried chicken and a cabbage salad.
W：Certainly, Sir. Would you like anything to drink?
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
(Text 6)
W：Sam, your English is very good. How long have you learned it?
M：I began to learn it when I was fifteen years old.
W：That's hard to believe. You've learned it for only three years and you can speak it so well now. So how do you usually learn it?
M：I have an old video recorder and I used to record movies and other TV shows. Then I watched them later. But now I like reading Harry. Potter books. It's a very successful method for me.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
(Text 7)
M：Sophie! Did you see that show last night, the one presented by Frank Jones?
W：No. Was it any good?
M：It was great. Frank Jones always makes me laugh.
W：I think he should be more serious. All the questions are really easy, and just about pop music or movie stars I'm not interested in.
M：Actually, they start off a bit easy but they get harder and harder as the show goes on.
W：Usually I'm not bad at general knowledge questions — especially ones about history or geography.
M：Yeah, you're good at those subjects, but I'm better at math and science.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
(Text 8)
W：Hello, Children's Fun Club.
M：Oh, hello! My name's Paul. Could you tell me where your offices are?
W：Our offices are in England, but we have members in other countries.
M：What's the club about?
W：We want to help children get better at school, mainly in reading and writing.
M：What do you send to the members?
W：This month, it's a magazine about films and videos. A month ago everyone got a red pen. It's always something different.
M：How nice. Are there any competitions?
W：Yes.
M：Are they every month too?
W：Just once a year, and this year's competition is next week!
M：Great! And how much does it cost?
W：For twelve months it's six pounds. So for six months it's half-price.
M：OK, thanks.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
(Text 9)
M：Jane, most of our classmates had a very good holiday this year. Robert went with his family to the beach.
W：Did he go by car with his family?
M：No, his father was too tired after work, so they went by train.
W：Did Michael go on holiday in the summer?
M：Yes, he cycled to the mountains.
W：And what about Helen?
M：No, she stayed at home this year.
W：Did Katy do anything interesting this year?
M：Yes, she always does. She spent the summer on a small island.
W：I think Harry visited his grandma in the summer, didn't he?
M：Yes. His grandma lives on a farm. He likes to go and help look after the farm.
W：And what about Emma?
M：She wants to be a pilot when she grows up, and she told me that in the holidays she was going to travel in space! It's strange.
W：But it sounds really funny.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
(Text 10)
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Our new Merry Center is opening this September. It has 2,000 car parking spaces, so it is convenient. The center has five areas. The first is Main Street. It's a shopping area on three floors. Here, you can buy all the big names. There is also a large bookstore. Then, located on two levels, Market Square is where you can find traditional stores. Next, we have Bohemia. Here, you'll find some shops selling everything from second-hand music to clothes.
The fourth part is The Palisade. There is a children's playground. You'll find two banks and a post office just along The Palisade.
Last, we have The Showground. Here, you'll find different food from around the world. There is also an eight-screen cinema.
And if that is not enough, we are offering you ￡10 off if you do some shopping in the Merry Center between 10th and 16th September. You can't afford to miss it!
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
When I was in college, one of my professors told me, “Kids don't care about how much you know until they know how much you care.” This has always been with me, and the longer I teach, the more I agree with him.
I've learned that many times what my students need most is to know that they are loved, and that someone cares about them and believes in them. When this happens, they feel safe to take risks and make mistakes. I always tell my students, “It's OK to make mistakes. That's how we learn.” Then, progress starts to happen, their confidence begins to grow, and they start believing in themselves.
Over the years, I have received many gifts from my students and their families. Most of them are handwritten “thank-you” notes. These simple notes are so meaningful. I have saved these notes over the years and have often taken them out to reread them, especially on those challenging days when I need some encouragement.
My most unforgettable gift came from a student four years ago. She came in one morning with a huge smile on her face and gave me an apple and a pen (that didn't work) with a hair tie wrapped (包裹) around it. That was my most memorable gift, because it broke my heart and encouraged me at the same time. Why? Because she didn't have much, but she gave me what she had, and she did it happily! She knew that I cared about her, and in return, she wanted to find a way to show that she cared about me.
This gift reminded (提醒) me that the most important part of teaching is not found in any lesson plan, but it's helping our students understand that they are loved. Our lessons become meaningful when students realize their lives have meaning. And that is why teaching can be so challenging and so meaningful.
【语篇解读】 作者通过自己当老师的经历告诉读者：老师应该让学生感觉到他们是被老师关爱的。
21．What does the author most probably think of what his professor once said?
A．Interesting. B．Unimportant.
C．Easy to do. D．Helpful in teaching.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段的“This has always been with me, and the longer I teach, the more I agree with him.”可推断，作者认为这个观点在教学中很有用。
22．According to Paragraph 2, what should teachers make students believe?
A．It doesn't matter to make mistakes.
B．Teachers all like good students.
C．Students shouldn't make mistakes.
D．Their progress mainly depends on their confidence.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“When this happens, they feel safe to take risks and make mistakes. I always tell my students, ‘It's OK to make mistakes. That's how we learn.’”可知，老师应该让学生明白犯错误是很正常的行为。
23．What does the author mainly want to tell us?
A．Being thankful is really important.
B．Teaching can be very challenging.
C．Teachers should make their students feel loved.
D．Developing students' confidence requires patience.
答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲老师们应该让学生感觉到他们是被关爱的。
B
If you were to travel back in time to the tenth century, you probably wouldn't be able to understand a sentence that anyone said to you. They'd be speaking Old English. Talking to a tenth-century Englishman, you'd probably only be able to understand a few words like “a” or “the”. Only about one-sixth of today's English words have an Old English root (词根), with the rest having foreign influences.
Gradually Old English turned into the Middle English that Chaucer wrote in — but still the official language of England was French! It was only in 1362, during Chaucer's lifetime, that English was used at the opening of Parliament (议会) for the first time. During the same year a law called the “Statute of Pleading” was passed, making English the official language in Parliament. In 1399, King Henry IV became the first king of England after the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue was English.
English was still a language of low status (地位)— especially when it came to writing poetry (诗歌). During the 14th century, the Italians and French were creative. Great poets like Dante were writing in totally new ways. But English had no such great writers. This was where Chaucer made a difference. He took the language of the man in the street and turned it into many famous works, such as The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer proved poetry written in English could be every bit as good as books in French.
Of course, the English language has continued to change since Chaucer's day. For example, Shakespeare's English is quite different from Chaucer's. And it is still changing now. Until just a few years ago, “C U L8R”(see you later) was just a set of letters and numbers, but now most people know what it means!
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了英语语言从古英语到现代英语的变迁。
24．What happened during Chaucer's lifetime?
A．Old English began to turn into the Middle English.
B．English's status was greatly improved.
C．English was used only in Parliament.
D．English kings usually spoke English.
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It was only in 1362... making English the official language in Parliament”可知，在乔叟时代，英语的地位得到显著提高。
25．Why did the author give the example of Shakespeare's English?
A．To explain English is always changing.
B．To explain how the Middle English changed.
C．To show Shakespeare's English is unusual.
D．To show how people respond to new words.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。最后一段主题句是首句“the English language has continued to change”，作者举这个例子是为了说明英语一直在变化。
26．How is the text developed?
A．By space. B．By comparison (比较)．
C．By importance. D．By time.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。分析全文结构及文中的1362、1399、now可知，本文是按照时间顺序展开的。
C
Should high school students do volunteer work? If your answer is “no”， then think again. Here are some reasons why doing volunteer work is worth your time and effort.
In college, you will have to work on a group project. If you're lucky, most of the students in your group will care about what they are doing and actually work as a team, but that's not always the case. This is where volunteer experience can pay off. When you volunteer for an event, you don't always know who you will be working with, but you know that the job needs to be completed on time. Working with strangers will actually teach you how to play to your strengths (发挥强项) in order to get the best results.
If you are not confident, volunteering will likely change that very quickly. Since many organizations depend on their volunteers to get things done, it's not uncommon for you to work as a leader when working on a project. When you work on a project, your confidence will grow and others will look to you for advice. The volunteering experience will surely serve you well in college and your future employment.
In high school, we are with people who share the same values and cultural backgrounds. When you head off to college, you may find yourself living with someone from another country or someone who has completely different values. You may feel confused. One important thing you can learn from volunteering is never to judge (判断) someone by the way he or she looks — get to know the person first.
Volunteering will increase your ability to_think_outside_the_box. You will need to come up with creative solutions for many problems. Volunteering before college can take the word “cannot” out of your vocabulary.
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。作为高中生，参加志愿者活动有很多益处，本文介绍了其中的一些。
27．According to Paragraph 2, what does doing volunteer work mean?
A．Learning to work as a team.
B．Creating a team of your own.
C．Knowing your own strengths.
D．Getting paid off in the long run.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，做志愿者工作可以让你学会团队协作。
28．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Many organizations have hard-working volunteers.
B．A good leader is a person who likes volunteering.
C．Our confidence may get improved when we do volunteer work.
D．We'd better do volunteer work as a leader.
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段的“If you are not confident, volunteering will likely change that very quickly.”可知，参加志愿者活动可以增强自信心。
29．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Thinking very carefully
B．Thinking in creative ways.
C．Thinking about many different things.
D．Thinking as if you had great abilities.
答案与解析：B 句意猜测题。根据末段的“You will need to come up with creative solutions for many problems.”可知，画线部分的意思是指创新思维。
30．What is the passage mainly about?
A．How students can perform better at college.
B．Why high school students should do volunteer work.
C．Why high school students like doing volunteer work.
D．How students can make their school life better.
答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲高中生为什么要做志愿者工作。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you learn a new subject, you may always consider how much time you need to truly understand it all. Here we give you some advice about how to study, so you'll be able to take on more information with shorter study sessions (时段)．
?Study in small sessions. Our ability to store the information we take reduces (降低) after around 30 minutes, so you'd better cut your studying sessions into smaller parts. __31__
?Find a study area. Don't study in a place where you sleep! Don't study in your bed, where you play games, or in front of the TV. Why? __32__ You need to program your mind to study in a place where you always study and nowhere else.
?Take good notes. __33__ And review them after class to increase your understanding.
?__34__ To be a good student, you should be a good teacher. You cannot teach something you do not know.
?Read your textbook effectively(有效地). Always use the SQ3R method. You need to survey, question, read, recite (背诵), review to actively remember the information. __35__
A．Train your mind.
B．Just reading it is not enough.
C．Be ready to teach what you've learned.
D．It's a good idea to study in a familiar place.
E．You can do some fun activities during your breaks.
F．Find a note-taking method that works best for you.
G．Doing so will only mix up your mind as to what to do.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了几种有效学习的方法。
31．答案与解析：E E项中的“do some fun activities during your breaks”与该空前的“Our ability... reduces after around 30 minutes... cut your studying sessions into smaller parts”相呼应，此处作者建议读者在休息时做一些有趣的事来调整自己。
32．答案与解析：G 由该空后的“need to program your mind”可知，G项中的“mix up your mind as to what to do”是对前文不能在床上或电视机前学习的解释。
33．答案与解析：F F项中的“Find a note-taking method”和本段小标题Take good notes相呼应。
34．答案与解析：C C项中的“teach what you've learned”和下一句中的“You cannot teach something you do not know”相呼应。
35．答案与解析：B 由本段小标题Read your textbook effectively和下一句的“Always use the SQ3R method”可知，读书只读是不够的，还需要用方法有效率地读，故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
If you put all of your books on the street outside your house, you might think they will disappear very quickly. But one man in Manila tried it and was __36__ to find that the number of the books had increased. That man is called Hernando Nanie Guanlao whose __37__ is reading books. Hernando set up a(n) __38__ outside his home to share his __39__ of reading with his local community.
In 2000, his parents died. Hernando was very __40__. But soon he decided to turn his home into a library __41__ his parents, because he had inherited (继承) their love of reading. He put less than 100 books outside his home for anyone who wanted to __42__ them. Readers can take as many books as they want, for as long as they want. There are no __43__ for borrowing and returning. “I saw my old books upstairs and then decided to have the __44__ use them，” Hernando says. However, he found they not only __45__ the books they had taken away, but also __46__ his collection.
You'd think the books would disappear soon, because no one was __47__ them. In Manila, books are __48__ to get, because the price of a book is about 300 pesos and children's books are even more __49__. Besides, libraries are not __50__ in Manila. Even the national library there does not __51__ people to borrow books.
Since Hernando's library was __52__， a lot of people have __53__ Hernando by adding their own books to his collection. These days, there are __54__ everywhere in and around Hernando's house. His car has been forced out of the garage to make more __55__ for those books.
【语篇解读】 在马尼拉，Hernando Nanie Guanlao拿出自己的书放在门外供人们借阅，由此引发其他人的积极参与，图书馆的规模因此越来越大。
36．A.embarrassed B．upset
C．surprised D．lucky
答案与解析：C 根据文章首句以及“But... to find that the number of the books had increased.”可知，Hernando Nanie Guanlao“惊讶地”发现书的数量竟然增长了。
37．A.task B．job
C．homework D．hobby
答案与解析：D 根据下文的“... he had inherited their love of reading.”可知，他的“爱好”就是读书。
38．A.company B．library
C．organization D．system
答案与解析：B 根据下文的内容可知，Hernando Nanie Guanlao建了这个“图书馆”。
39．A.method B．dream
C．joy D．art
答案与解析：C 根据上文他的爱好就是读书以及下文的“... he had inherited their love of reading.”可知，joy是最佳选项。他在他家外面建这个图书馆的目的就是为了与周围的人分享读书的“乐趣”。
40．A.sad B．angry
C．bored D．nervous
答案与解析：A 根据上文的“In 2000, his parents died.”可知，Hernando Nanie Guanlao当时很“伤心”。
41．A.thanks to B．in place of
C．instead of D．in memory of
答案与解析：D 根据语境可知，但是不久后，他决定将他的家改造成一家图书馆，以此来“纪念”他的父母。
42．A.buy B．borrow
C．sell D．throw
答案与解析：B 根据语境可知，他在家外面放了不超过100本书供任何想“借阅”的人使用。
43．A.tips B．advantages
C．rules D．problems
答案与解析：C 根据上文的“Readers can take as many books as they want, for as long as they want.”可知，这里对于借书和还书没有任何“规则”。
44．A.public B．poor
C．friends D．farmers
答案与解析：A Hernando Nanie Guanlao说：“我看到楼上的旧书，然后决定让‘公众’使用它们。”
45．A.translated B．reviewed
C．destroyed D．returned
答案与解析：D 根据However可知，他发现人们不仅仅“归还”了书，而且还为他的收藏中添加了书。
46．A.looked into B．gave away
C．added to D．made up
答案与解析：C 根据下文的“... by adding their own books to his collection.”可知，这里选added to。
47．A.watching over B．thinking over
C．looking for D．learning from
答案与解析：A 你会认为这些书很快就会消失，因为没有人“看管”它们。
48．A.possible B．hard
C．important D．necessary
答案与解析：B 根据下文的“... because the price of a book is about 300 pesos...”可知，在马尼拉，书是很“难”得到的，因为一本书的价格大约300比索。
49．A.interesting B．popular
C．useful D．expensive
答案与解析：D 而且儿童书会更“贵”。
50．A.strange B．common
C．new D．famous
答案与解析：B 另外，在马尼拉，图书馆并不是“常见的”。
51．A.advise B．force
C．allow D．expect
答案与解析：C 甚至那儿的国家图书馆也不“允许”人们借书。
52．A.born B．lost
C．designed D．marked
答案与解析：A 自从Hernando Nanie Guanlao的图书馆建成后，故选born。
53．A.forgotten B．supported
C．refused D．recognized
答案与解析：B 根据上下文可知，许多人通过将自己的书免费赠送给图书馆的方式“支持”Hernando Nanie Guanlao。
54．A.books B．cars
C．neighbors D．children
答案与解析：A 根据上下文可知，他房子周围和房子里到处都是“书”。
55．A.land B．furniture
C．money D．room
答案与解析：D 为了给书腾出“空间”Hernando Nanie Guanlao把车都移出了车库。
非选择题部分
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
My heart is full of love. 56.________ (recent), I am so grateful for the support and friendship of a very dear friend of 57.________ (my). With his help, I can realize my dream of 58.________ (make) a kind acts project.
We live in Johannesburg, South Africa, where, as you all know, poverty (贫穷) and unemployment are huge 59.________ (problem). I have been looking forward to opening a soup kitchen for many years. I want to try my best to help those people in need.
We have created a Facebook page 60.________ (call) Shadows and we usually share our kind acts activities with our friends on it. These days, I am making hearty soup while my friend is handing out blankets to 61.________ homeless. There are so many people 62.________ (live) on the street, which shocks me a lot.
We are calling on more people to join us. The act of love by giving has touched my heart greatly. Sometimes I'm 63.________ (exhaust) at the end of the day, 64.________ I still love the journey I'm on. Because 65.________ the project, my life becomes so beautiful. I just know what I'm doing now may make a difference to some people's life.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和她的一个朋友为无家可归的人提供食物和毛毯的善举。
56．答案与解析：Recently 考查副词。此处用副词作状语。
57．mine 考查代词。根据of可知，此处应用名词性的物主代词，所以填mine。a friend of mine表示“我的一个朋友”。
58．making 考查非谓语动词。of是介词，所以后面应该接动名词。
59．problems 考查名词复数形式。problem是可数名词，所以此处用其复数形式。
60．called 考查非谓语动词。Facebook page是call的承受者，此处用过去分词作后置定语修饰Facebook page，意为“一个叫……的脸书主页”。
61．the 考查冠词。“the＋形容词”表示一类人。该句表达的意思为：这些天，我负责做汤而我朋友为那些无家可归的人分发毛毯。
62．living 考查非谓语动词。people与live是逻辑主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。
63．exhausted 考查形容词。根据上下文语境可知，此处想表达有时候一天下来会很累，结合句意该句中系动词后面应该接形容词，所以填exhausted。
64．but 考查连词。空格前后两句存在逻辑上的转折关系，所以用连词but。
65．of 考查介词。because of是固定搭配，意为“因为，由于……”。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华，对自己的英语学习感到很苦恼，你感到生词难记，而且你的英语听力又差。请你给伦敦好友Eric写一封电子邮件，希望得到他的帮助。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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答案：
Dear Eric，
I'm writing the letter to ask for your help with my English study.
Recently I have met two problems. One is memorizing new words. There are too many new words and expressions for me to memorize. Even though I memorized some of them, I would forget them after a few days. The other is listening. I don't know how to catch the important information from the texts and can't understand what the speakers are saying. Those two problems make me upset. Would you like to give me some advice on how to deal with them?
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 概要写作(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
When you are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. When you read, you can not only learn some new words, but also you can learn how to use these English words. When you read, it gives you a good example for writing.
Read something that you can (more or less) understand. If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting. Reading books with a reasonable number of new words is very important. If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook. But you don't have to write them while you read. Instead, try to guess their meaning as you read, and mark them with a pen. Then come back when you have finished reading to look them up in a dictionary and write them in your own vocabulary book. Then try to remember them.
You should develop a good habit of reading. For example, read for a short time once a day. Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday. Fix (固定) a time to read and keep to it. You could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed, or when you get up or at lunchtime.
There are a variety of books in the bookstore, so what kinds of books should you choose? Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it. So, choose an interesting book. You can also read newspapers. There are many English newspapers in China, for example, 21st Century Teens. It is easy enough for you to understand it. There is something interesting in it.
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答案：
Reading is an important way to help you learn English well. Here are a few tips on reading books. Firstly, while reading books at the right level, you should try to increase the number of your new words. Besides, it's very important for you to read regularly and form a good reading habit. Lastly, you should choose the books and newspapers that interest you most.
课件14张PPT。课时作业 16
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I was so fortunate today to be able to offer my love and help to an older lady at my local supermarket. I saw her standing there. I felt quite strange about such a situation.
What was she looking at? As I looked, I found it was a “Shredded Pork Bun Meal Kit”， which is a service that sends customers food ingredients and recipes for them to prepare their own fresh meals. “That's new，” I thought. Then I watched as the lady began to dig into her handbag and tried to pull out one of the biggest magnifying glasses (放大镜) I had never seen in my whole life! “Oh, she can't read it，” I realized.
So I stood there and continued watching her. The voice in my mind often asks me to do the right thing. It told me to help her. But I argued back saying, “No. I won't offer help. It will only embarrass her and she is OK now anyway. She has the world's biggest magnifying glass to help her！”
And I stood there longer. But the voice came back, “Help her, Nicole. Don't be embarrassed. Just do it. Offer your help.” So I did it. I read and explained all the things that were included in that box. I read out the ingredients, the instructions on how to cook it and so on.
She didn't end up buying it, but she was still quite grateful. I walked away knowing that I had helped her and made the right choice. Mostly, I had reminded her that people in this world still care about the old.
She was seen. She was loved. And she mattered so much that a complete stranger took time to help her. And that stranger was me, a person who argued and didn't want to do so in the beginning.
So grateful I am when I choose to listen to the voice in my heart. It is because of love. Love is all that ever really matters. I also get happiness through helping her.
【语篇解读】 作者在超市碰到了一位老太太，她想买一种食物却看不清说明上的文字，作者想帮助她却内心矛盾，最后还是遵照自己内心的指引做出了善举。
1．What was the lady's problem?
A．She couldn't find her glasses.
B．She couldn't hear the writer clearly.
C．She couldn't see the instructions clearly.
D．She couldn't understand the instructions.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。从文章第二段对老太太拿老花眼镜的动作描述可知，她看不见要买的食物包装上的说明。从最后一句“‘Oh, she can't read it，’I realized.”可直接找到答案。
2．Why didn't the writer want to help the lady at first?
A．Because she had some other things to do.
B．Because she considered it a difficult thing.
C．Because she didn't want to make the lady embarrassed.
D．Because she had the same problem with the old lady.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“It will only embarrass her and she is OK now anyway.”可知，作者一开始不想帮助老太太是因为她不想让老太太尴尬。
3．How did the writer get happiness?
A．By following a stranger's voice.
B．By spending time talking with the lady.
C．By stopping the lady from buying the food.
D．By persuading herself to help the lady.
答案与解析：D 判断推理题。文章最后一句说到作者从帮助老太太中获得快乐，而第三段讲到刚开始时作者犹豫是否帮她，作者经历了说服自己的过程。
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．An Unlucky Day B．The Leading Voice
C．A Scary Experience D．The Best Choice
答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。文章中作者帮助老人的一系列举动都是遵循自己内心的声音，在自己矛盾时，是这个声音指引着她做出了正确的选择。故选“The Leading Voice”。
B
Learning a second language
Some people learn a second language easily. Other people have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.
The first step is to feel confident about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You don't have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes.
The second step is to practise your English. For example, write in a diary every day. You will get used to writing in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. After several weeks, you will see that your writing is improving. Besides, you must speak English every day. You can practise with your classmates after class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.
The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your diary. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand anything the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult，but you tried to understand it. Write these achievements (成就) in your diary.
You must be active in learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practise every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will have more confidence in yourself.
【语篇解读】 有人学习一门外语很容易，但是有的人很难学好一门外语。本文就怎样学习英语，使它更有趣、更容易提出了几点建议。
5．When you learn English, you do not need to ________.
A．be patient
B．make mistakes
C．express your ideas in English
D．understand everything at once
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文中第二段“You don't have to understand everything all at once.”可知，当你学习英语时，你不需要立即理解所有的东西。所以选D。
6．What is NOT helpful for you to enjoy learning English?
A．To communicate in English.
B．To worry about making mistakes.
C．To think about what you did after each class.
D．To make a record of the achievements.
答案与解析：B'细节理题解。根据文中第二段“It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes.”可知，学习英语不要担心犯错误，从错误中我们能学到知识，所以担心犯错是学不好英语的。所以选B。
7．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．It is very important to learn English.
B．Some people learn English easily while other people do not.
C．There are ways to help you learn English more easily.
D．Don't worry about making mistakes when learning English.
答案与解析：C'主旨大意题。文章第一段中的“There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.”就写出了本文的主要内容，所以选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I took my son to a popular restaurant for a lunchtime treat. And it seems everyone else had the same __1__. The place was full of __2__！
I drove around the small parking lot (停车场) for 10 minutes __3__ a spot (位置). Finally I __4__ one. A lady was returning to her car so I __5__ her and waited patiently. As I did this I looked in my rear vision mirror (后视镜) and __6__ a young man quickly pull up behind me. As soon as he saw my indicator (转向灯) on for the spot, he seemed very __7__ and began hitting his steering wheel (方向盘). I knew this wasn't directed at me but at the disappointment that he had __8__ a spot. I felt his __9__. I too had been __10__ the place for ages.
As the lady left I __11__ something that surprised even me. I turned off my indicator and drove straight past. I let the man __12__ the spot.
The man behind me was __13__， unsure what to do. __14__ I lowered my window and gave him a(n) __15__ to take it, calling out at the same time “It's yours.”
I __16__ driving further down the road to another car park, where although I had to walk quite a bit further, I was __17__ I could. Perhaps the man couldn't walk easily as his __18__ wasn't as good as mine? I will __19__ know. But I knew the spot __20__ more to him than it did to me, when I saw him react the way he did.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。作者在停车场等待了很久终于找到了一个车位，然而当看到紧随其后的一名司机因为没抢到车位的失望表现时，作者决定将车位让给他。
1．A.experience B．dream
C．idea D．chance
答案与解析：C 由“the same”可知，设空处指“to a popular restaurant for a lunchtime treat”这一想法，故填idea。
2．A.people B．noise
C．pleasure D．peace
答案：A
3．A.calling for B．looking for
C．asking for D．paying for
答案：B
4．A.borrowed B．found
C．bought D．accepted
答案与解析：B 由上文中的“it seems everyone else had the same”以及文中的“I drove around the small parking lot for 10 minutes”可知，这个地方“人(people)”很多，“我”在停车场绕了十分钟想“找(looking for)”个车位，最后终于“找到(found)”一个。
5．A.followed B．helped
C．guided D．met
答案与解析：A 由本句中的“A lady was returning to her car”以及“waited patiently”可知，“我”“跟着(followed)”她，耐心地等待着。
6．A.suggested B．noticed
C．made D．required
答案与解析：B 由本句中的“I looked in my rear vision mirror”可知，“我”“注意到(noticed)”一名年轻的男子快速地在“我”后面停下车。
7．A.serious B．interested
C．angry D．careful
答案与解析：C 由本句中的“As soon as he saw my indicator on for the spot”以及“began hitting his steering wheel”可知，这名男子似乎很“生气(angry)”。
8．A.refused B．chosen
C．reached D．missed
答案与解析：D 由上文中的“As soon as he saw my indicator on for the spot”以及“I knew this wasn't directed at me”可知，这名男子之所以有这种表现是因为他“错过(missed)”了一个车位，感到很失望。
9．A.fear B．pain
C．courage D．wish
答案：B
10．A.circling B．protecting
C．keeping D．changing
答案与解析：A 由上文中的“I drove around the small parking lot for 10 minutes __3__ a spot”可知，“我”能感受到他的“痛苦(pain)”，因为“我”也在这个地方“绕了(circling)”许久才找到一个车位。
11．A.saw B．heard
C．did D．said
答案与解析：C 由下文中的“I turned off my indicator and drove straight past”可知，“我”“做了(did)”一件让自己都感到惊讶的事。
12．A.search B．pass
C．leave D．have
答案与解析：D 由上文中的“I turned off my indicator and drove straight past”以及下文中的“I lowered my window... calling out at the same time ‘It's yours.’”可知，“我”让这名男子“占用(have)”那个车位。
13．A.worried B．surprised
C．tired D．pleased
答案与解析：B 由本句中的“unsure what to do”可知，这名男子很“惊讶(surprised)”。
14．A.But B．So
C．Again D．Still
答案与解析：B “The man behind me was __13__ unsure what to do”与“I lowered my window... calling out at the same time ‘It's yours.’”之间是因果关系，故填So。
15．A.sign B．order
C．reason D．promise
答案与解析：A 由上文中的“I let the man __12__ the spot”以及本句中的“I lowered my window and... calling out at the same time ‘It's yours.’”可知，“我”摇下车窗，“示意他(gave him a sign)”使用那个车位。
16．A.stopped B．minded
C．gave up D．ended up
答案与解析：D 由下文中的“although I had to walk quite a bit further”可知，“我”“后来(ended up)”开车到一个较远些的停车场。end up意为“最终成为，最后处于”。
17．A.hopeful B．sorry
C．thankful D．afraid
答案与解析：C 由本句中的“I had to walk quite a bit further”以及下文中的“Perhaps the man couldn't walk easily”可知，此处指虽然“我”得走一段路，但“我”很“感激(thankful)”自己可以走路。
18．A.job B．car
C．luck D．health
答案与解析：D 由“Perhaps the man couldn't”可知，“我”在猜想也许他的“身体状况(health)”不如“我”。
19．A.seldom B．never
C．surely D．often
答案与解析：B 由下文中的“But I knew”可知，此处表示“我”将“不会(never)”知道。
20．A.proved B．brought
C．showed D．meant
答案与解析：D 结合全文可知，“我”将自己等了许久找到的车位让给那名男子，因为“我”知道那个车位对他来说“更重要(meant more)”。
课时作业 17
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes? Let's have a look.
People wear pants to cover the lower part of their bodies. We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants (蚂蚁) in their pants. Sometimes, people may get caught with their pants down. They are found doing something they should not be doing. And, in every family, one person takes control. Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do. Then we say she wears the pants in the family.
Pants usually have pockets to hold things. Money that is likely to be spent quickly can burn a hole in your pocket. Sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants. If you have less money than usual, you may have to tighten your belt.
I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much. I really take my hat off to them. Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I instantly spend it.
Boots are a heavy or strong kind of shoes. People who are too big for their boots think they are more important than they really are. I dislike such people. My father is an important person. He runs a big company. He wears a suit and tie, and a shirt with sleeves (衣袖) that cover his arms. Some people who do not know him well think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly. But I know that my father wears his heart on his sleeve.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，主要介绍了有关衣物类的英语谚语及其用法和含义。
1．Which of the following expressions can show someone is nervous?
A．Get caught with one's pants down.
B．Have ants in one's pants.
C．Wear the pants in the family.
D．Burn a hole in one's pocket.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants (蚂蚁) in their pants.”可知，当一个人很紧张时，我们可以用“Have ants in one's pants.”来表述。故选B项。
2．If we say someone has to tighten his belt, we probably mean he ________.
A．has done something wrong
B．used to live a rich life
C．has put on the wrong pants
D．is short of money
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的最后一句“If you have less money than usual, you may have to tighten your belt.”可知，“... someone has to tighten his belt...”主要用来描述一个人钱不够花、很拮据的情景。故选D项。
3．Someone who spends his money at the drop of a hat most probably ________.
A．doesn't save money
B．earns much money
C．never wastes his money
D．spends more than he earns
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I instantly spend it.”可知，“Someone who spends his money at the drop of a hat...”意味着一个人花钱大手大脚，不节省。故选A项。
4．We can use the expression “wear one's heart on one's sleeve” to describe someone who ________.
A．gets angry easily
B．looks very serious
C．shows his feelings openly
D．often wears a suit and tie
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Some people who do not know him well think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly. But I know that my father wears his heart on his sleeve.”可知，“wear one's heart on one's sleeve”用来指一个人敞开胸怀表达自己的情感。故选C项。
B
Schoolgirl Lorna O'Brien was in her kitchen when she looked out of the window and was terrified (惊恐的) at what she saw. “Help！” she shouted. “There's smoke and fire coming out of the kitchen window opposite.”
Her father, John, ran across to the house while her 15-year-old brother Paul called the fire service. Lorna, 16, rushed across and caught up with her dad, who had just kicked open the front door. They looked upstairs where they saw smoke coming out of the top flat. Lorna followed her father into the flat, where they found a pan (平底锅) on fire in the kitchen and the young mother, Mane Linn, who had been asleep, passed out (失去意识) in the smoke-blackened sitting room. Lorna's dad threw a wet cloth over the pan and then turned off the stove (炉子) before starting to help Mane through the smoke down the stairs to safety.
Suddenly Mane started crying, “My baby, my baby！”“Where's the baby？”asked Lorna. “In the bedroom，” Mane shouted back. While John pulled the crying mother from the house, Lorna, without a thought for her own safety, turned back to search for the baby. She found the little girl, 14-month-old Ann, lying with her eyes closed.
Lorna quickly took the baby, rushed downstairs through the fire and smoke. “It didn't cross my mind at the time that I was near to dying when I rushed through the smoke，” said Lorna. “I was just thinking of the baby. Even after I came out of the house, I wasn't frightened.”
When help arrived, baby Ann and her mum were taken to hospital for treatment. It was only when Lorna got back into the safety of her own house that she realised the danger she had faced. “I started shaking all over and thought of what could have happened to me，” she said.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。女孩儿偶然间发现邻居家里着火，她不顾自身安危，与父亲一起将邻居母女救出失火房屋。
5．What did Lorna's dad choose to do first when he entered the flat?
A．Put out the fire. B．Turn off the stove.
C．Open the windows. D．Help Mane downstairs.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“They looked upstairs... down the stairs to safety”可知，Lorna的父亲进入失火公寓之后，首先扑灭了火源。
6．What was the cause of the fire?
A．Mane fell asleep while cooking.
B．Ann was careless when playing with fire.
C．Mane suddenly passed out while cooking.
D．There was something wrong with the stove.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。由第二段中的“they found a pan... smoke-blackened sitting room”可知，厨房的平底锅着火，而Mane在客厅睡着，并因浓烟失去意识。因此可推断，Mane在做饭时睡着导致平底锅着火。
7．Which of the following can best describe Lorna when she saved the baby?
A．Careful. B．Patient.
C．Brave. D．Clever.
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。由第三段中的“Lorna, without a thought for her own safety, turned back to search for the baby”和第四段中的“It didn't cross my mind at the time that I was near to dying when I rushed through the smoke”可知，Lorna救孩子时非常勇敢，一刻也没有想到自己的安危。
8．How did Lorna feel after returning to her house?
A．Worried. B．Frightened.
C．Proud. D．Relaxed.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“It was only when... she had faced”以及Lorna所说的话可知，Lorna安全回到自己家之后才意识到救人时她面临了很大的危险，并对可能出现的严重后果感到害怕，全身颤抖。
Ⅱ.七选五
Simple ways to improve your written English
Many people think it is really difficult to improve (提高) their writing in English. Don't worry, though. Here are some simple steps that you can take to improve your written English.
?Increase your vocabulary.
To express yourself clearly, you need a good active vocabulary. That's not just being able to know lots of words — it means actually being able to use them correctly. __1__
Tip: When you learn a new word, try to learn all the forms of that word.
?__2__
People often say that we learn to write best by reading. Reading in English is useful in many ways. It is a great way to get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly.
Tip: __3__ Learning shouldn't be boring. Read each text several times to make sure you understand how to use new words and expressions in the text.
?Improve your grammar.
Grammar is very important because it improves the quality (质量) of your writing.
Tip: __4__ The first time, look for general mistakes and the second time look for mistakes with the grammar point you are studying at the moment.
?Just do it!
The best way to improve your writing is to get a pen and paper and write. Be prepared to write several versions (版本) of each text.__5__
A．Know your readers.
B．Read widely and often.
C．Always check your writing twice.
D．Remember, practice makes perfect!
E．Choose books or articles that interest you.
F．Use simpler language and shorter sentences to show your ideas.
G．Do this by learning new words with example sentences, not just word lists.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了几种提高英文写作的简单方法。
1．答案与解析：G G项中的“learning new words with example sentences”与该空前的“it means actually being able to use them correctly”相呼应。本段是说增加词汇量并不仅仅是知道单词的意思，而是要懂其用法。
2．答案与解析：B 由下文解释的“get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly”可知，本段讲阅读对写作的帮助。故选B项。
3．答案与解析：E 由上文的“learn to write best by reading”和该空后的“Learning shouldn't be boring”可知，阅读有助于写作，但要选择那些让你感兴趣的书籍或文章。故选E项。
4．答案与解析：C C项中的“check your writing twice”与该空后的“The first time... general mistakes”和“the second time... mistakes with the grammar point”相呼应。
5．答案与解析：D 由本段小标题“Just do it！”和下文中的“get a pen and paper and write. Be prepared to write several versions of each text”可知，想要提高写作就要多动笔写，俗话说得好，熟能生巧。
课时作业 18
阅读理解
A
It's 11 p．m., and I'm still sitting here writing this article for the school magazine! I've had two weeks to write it, and my teacher, Julia, wants it tomorrow. She's always complaining (抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute. Maybe she's right.
A month ago I made a decision to be more efficient (有效率的) this year. Well, I've clearly failed. I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now. I've started going to the health club. I've even been going to bed earlier. But I'm not feeling any fitter, just a little unhappier. I miss my bad habits. Why is leading a better life so hard?
I've just read an article on a website, and I've discovered that it isn't my fault (过错)! In fact, it isn't anyone's fault. It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits. There's nothing we can do. Scientists have done experiments that show we use one part of our brain when we think about ourselves and another when we think about other people. However, when we think about ourselves in the future, we use the same part of the brain that we usually use to think about other people. In other words, the brain sees the “future you” as a different person than your “present you.” That's why we don't always find it easy to make good decisions for ourselves in the future.
But that's not all. Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit. That's the amount (数量) of time the brain needs to accept new behavioral patterns (形式). The good news is that once you make it to ten weeks, everything becomes a lot easier. The bad news is that ten weeks is a really long time, so it's easy to give up what you want to do before then.
So even when we want to change our ways and become better people, our brains won't let us. Or is this just an excuse? Look — I've finished my article on time! Anything is possible!
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。作者分析了为何习惯不容易被改变。
1．In Julia's eyes, what kind of person is the author?
A．A bit lazy. B．Quite smart.
C．Very healthy. D．Truly honest.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Julia... always complaining that I leave things till the last minute”可知，作者总是把事情拖到最后时刻才做，故在老师Julia眼里，他有点懒散。
2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．Why we can't have a better life.
B．How our brain sees ourselves in the future.
C．How our brain helps us make good decisions.
D．Why it is not easy for us to change our habits.
答案与解析：D 段落大意题。由第二段可知，作者想改掉以前的习惯却发现很难。第三段承接上段内容，由其中的“It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits”可知，作者在本段介绍他看到的一篇关于大脑在人们做决定时如何运转的文章，旨在告诉读者为何改变旧的习惯是如此之难。
3．According to scientists, in order to form the habit of taking exercise, the author needs to take about ________.
A．another two weeks B．another four weeks
C．another six weeks D．another ten weeks
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。由第二段中的“I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now”和倒数第二段中的“Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit”可知，根据科学家的研究，已锻炼四周的作者，再需要大约六周的时间就能养成锻炼的好习惯。
B
Australia was first used as an island prison by Britain to solve their problem of having a fast growing prison population. These early settlers were those who were sent from all over Great Britain, including Ireland, Wales, and Scotland. Later events, such as the gold rush, caused several waves of immigration (移居) from Europe, Asia and other parts of the world. It is commonly thought that Australians are offspring (后代) of those criminals (罪犯)! In fact, only a part of Australians are those criminals' offspring. Also, in those days, people could be put into prison or sent to Australia for small crimes, like stealing a loaf of bread. Today Australia is home to the largest Greek and Italian communities in the world, outside Greece and Italy. This has helped the Australian accent develop.
Australian English was created by the first generation of children born in the new area. Since they talked with people who have different accents, they began to speak a distinct dialect of English that was to become the language of the nation. These differences were first noted by late arrivals in the early 1800s, and the language sounds like Cockney English, spoken by the working-class in London.
Soon, words from native languages were to become part of the Australian English. Here are some words you may consider them to be Standard English. In fact, they are from native Australian languages!
△The names of many places and animals, including Canberra (the Australian capital, meaning “meeting place” in a local language)．
△Hard yakka — meaning “hard work”， coming from the language of the Brisbane area.
△Cooee — a call used traditionally by native Australians to attract attention, because the sound can travel long distances.
△Bung — meaning “dead”， but also used to mean broken or useless, for example, “He has a bung eye”．
【语篇解读】 澳大利亚英语是怎么发展而来的呢？有哪些词是从土著语转变过来的呢？本文简单介绍了其历史和一些土著词汇。
4．What is commonly believed according to Paragraph 1?
A．Australians are offspring of those criminals.
B．Some Australians are children of those criminals.
C．Small crimes meant going to prison in Australia.
D．Australians are offspring of the British people.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段的“It is commonly thought that Australians are offspring of those criminals！”可知，人们普遍认为澳大利亚人是那些罪犯的后代。
5．What does the underlined word “distinct” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Interesting. B．Different.
C．Beautiful. D．Difficult.
答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“These differences were first noted by late arrivals in the early 1800s...”可知，画线词在这里意为“不同的”。
6．What do the words mentioned in the last paragraph have in common?
A．They are all Standard English.
B．They all mean places and animals.
C．They are only used by Australians.
D．They are all from native Australian languages.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“... words from native languages were to become part of the Australian English.”可知，这些词都是来自澳大利亚的土著语言。
C
I traveled to London, England in the spring of 2016. Actually, I traveled with CAPA International Education on a study program. At that time, I did a full three-month program but I traveled on weekends and during breaks.
I used to live in a small town outside New York. The idea of big cities has always excited me and I wanted to take advantage of that once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. It was a great opportunity for me to see how independent I could be in another country, because I hope to travel a lot more in the future.
I lived in a flat in Ealing Broadway with several other students from different American schools. The biggest surprise I found there was the culture shock I experienced. I had expected traveling to London to be an easy transition (转变) for me because I thought their culture was close to that of America. But you know the language and the people were greatly different from what I had expected. They had different accents. In fact, they were noisy and more free-thinking than most Americans I knew.
However, I tried to take part in their giant Chinese New Year celebration in Trafalgar Square. I went to several Jewish society holiday celebrations and actively participated in any cultural activities I knew at that time. It was great to be able to truly put myself in their culture. These are experiences I couldn't get anywhere else.
I would suggest people hoping to follow in my footsteps not let anything hold them back from exploring the foreign cultures presented to them. Yes, you are there for school, but your number one priority (优先) is yourself. So make sure you go home with no regrets. Do not miss anything!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在去英国参加学习项目期间，利用周末和假期旅游，努力融入当地文化，并且感受到了将学习与探索外国文化融为一体的重要意义。
7．What was the author's main purpose in going to London?
A．To go sightseeing.
B．To visit some relatives.
C．To join in a study program.
D．To experience the life in a big city.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“I traveled to London, England in the spring of 2016. Actually, I traveled with CAPA International Education on a study program.”可知，作者去伦敦的主要目的是参加一个学习项目。
8．What did the author think of the opportunity of traveling to London?
A．It would change his life.
B．It would test his independence.
C．It would make his dream come true.
D．It would help improve his communication ability.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段“It was a great opportunity for me to see how independent I could be in another country...”可知，我把赴英国学习的机会看作对自己独立能力的一次检验。
9．What was beyond the author's expectation after arriving in London?
A．Culture differences. B．Unfriendly students.
C．His living conditions. D．Some strange accents.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段“The biggest surprise I found there was the culture shock I experienced.”可知，作者在英国经历的文化冲击是作者意料之外的。
10．In the last paragraph, the author mainly advises people studying abroad to ________.
A．explore more interesting places for traveling
B．try to receive more international education
C．combine study with exploring foreign cultures
D．look for more ways to deal with the culture shock
答案与解析：C 写作意图题。在最后一段，作者建议那些希望像他一样赴英国学习的人们不要让任何事情阻止他们探索呈现在他们面前的外国文化。
