人教版英语初中九年级上册知识讲解，巩固练习（教学资料，补习资料）：Unit 6 When was it invented? 第2课时Section B（含答案）

重点
1. in the end 最后；最终 (Page 45 1c)
其后不接of短语，相当于at last, finally。此短语强调经过许多变化莫测的情况之后某事才发生。
?They were out of danger in the end. 他们最后脱险了。
【拓展】（1）at the end of...后接地点名词时，表示＂在……尽头＂；后接表示时间的名词时，表示＂在……结束时＂。
?Walk along the street and you’ll find the hospital at the end of the street. 沿着这条街走，在街道的尽头你就会找到那家医院。
（2）by the end of...意为＂在……以前； 到……为止＂，常用于将来时态或过去完成时态的句子中。
?We will finish the work by the end of this year. 我们在今年年底以前就会完成这项工作。
2. Canadian adj. 加拿大的；加拿大的 (Page 46 2b)
?Her sister is a Canadian teacher. 她的姐姐是一位加拿大教师。
【拓展】Canadian用作可数名词，意为＂加拿大人＂。其复数形式为Canadians。
?Two Canadians are taking photos in the park. 两名加拿大人正在公园里拍照。
【助记】Canada(加拿大) Canadian (加拿大人)
Australia (澳大利亚) Australian (澳大利亚人)
America (美国；美洲) American （美国人；美洲人）
3. divide...into把……分开 （Page 46 2b）
其被动结构为 be divided into，意为＂被分为……＂。
?Let’s divide ourselves into several groups. 让我们分成几个小组吧。
divide 及物动词，意为＂分开；分散＂，指把整体分成若干部分。
?He divided the cake among the children. 他把这个蛋糕分给了孩子们。
【典例】My P. E. teacher ____________ us ____________ (把……分成) two teams and asked us to play games.
4. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 （Page 46 2b）
?The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
【拓展】encourage sb. in sth. 意为＂在……方面助长某人的某种行为/鼓励某人＂。
?Don’t encourage him in laziness. 别助长他的懒惰行为。
【典例】Jessica’s parents always encourage her ____________ out her opinions.
A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak
5. nearly adv. 几乎；差不多；将近 （Page 48 Self Check）
?It took nearly two hours to get there. 到那里花了将近两个小时。
【辨析】nearly与almost
两者均有＂几乎；差不多；将近＂之意，有时可通用，具体区别如下表：
nearly
几乎；差不多；将近
可以和not连用，not nearly 意为＂远非，绝不是＂；nearly前可用very，pretty等词修饰。
almost
几乎；差不多
可以和no, never, nothing等表示否定意义的词连用，但不与not连用
?We’ve saved some money, but it’s not nearly enough. 我们存了一点儿钱，但还远远不够。
?I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。
6. at a low price 以低价
?This sweater is on sale at a low price. 这件毛衣正以低价出售。
low形容词，意为＂低的＂。
?She jumped over the low wall. 她跳过了那堵矮墙。
【拓展】＂高低贵贱＂的用法：
low
低
主语是价格，不能是物品本身
high
高
cheap
廉价；便宜的
主语不能是价格，必须是物品本身
expensive
昂贵的；花钱多的
?Today in Tokyo the lowest temperature is 16℃, and the highest is 28℃. 今天东京的最低气温是16℃，最高气温是28℃。
?The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格很高。
?The price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说不低。
?This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。
?This cloth doll is very cheap. 这个布娃娃很便宜。
【典例】At present, the price of the houses in Urumqi ____________ than before. I can afford ____________ a large one.
A. are cheaper; to buy B. is cheaper; buy
C. are lower; buy D. is lower; to buy
【答案】D
7. translate /tr?ns’le?t/ v. 翻译
translate... into ...意为＂把……翻译成……＂，既可用于主动语态中，也可用于被动语态中。
?Don’t translate everything into Chinese when you read English articles. 当你阅读英语文章时，不要把所有的东西都翻译成汉语。
?Will the book be translated into English as soon as possible? 这本书会尽快翻译成英文吗？
【典例】Do you know Mo Yan? His books ____________ into English a few years ago.
A. were translated B. translated
C. are translated D. translates
【答案】A
【解析】本题用语法判定法解题。句意：你知道莫言吗？他的书几年前被翻译成英文。本句为被动语态，根据句中的时间状语a few years ago可知用一般过去时。
【拓展】translation n. 翻译 translator n. 翻译家
8. by mistake 错误地；无意中
?I took your bag by mistake. 我错拿了你的包。
【注意】by 与mistake之间不加冠词，是介词短语，在句中作状语。
【典例】—Where is my book?
—Oh, sorry! I have taken yours ____________ mistake.
A. by B. by a C. with D. with a
【答案】A
【解析】by mistake 错误地；无意中。
9. the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会
与the Olympic Games同义，作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
【典例】The 30th Olympics ____________ in London in 2012.
A. held B. will be held
C. were held D. has been held
【答案】C
【解析】此题用主谓一致法。主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。主语与hold为动宾关系，要用被动语态，再由时间状语可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。
10. stop ...from ... 阻止……做某事
stop sb.from doing sth.相当于prevent sb.from doing sth.，在主动语态中，两者中的from均可省略，但在被动语态中不可省略。
?No one can stop us (from) carrying out the plan. 没有人能阻止我们实施这个计划。
?The water must be prevented from polluting by us. 我们必须阻止水被污染。
【典例】I will try my best to stop my son from ____________ the same mistake.
A. make B. made C. makes D. making
【答案】D
11. not only... but also... 不但……而且……
以not only ...but (also)... 连接的句子，当not only置于句首时往往引起部分倒装。
?Not only can I do it but (also) I can do it best. 我不仅能做到而且我能做得最好。
not only ... but also... 应连接两个对称的并列成分，连接两个主语时谓语动词要采用就近原则。
?Not only Mr. Lin but also his son loves the movie. 不但林先生而且他的儿子也喜欢这部电影。
【拓展】常见的就近原则的结构有：
(1) neither...nor... 既不……也不…… (两者都不)
?Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
(2) either...or...不是……就是…… (两者中的一个)
?Either you or Lily is a student. 不是你就是莉莉是学生。
(3) there be结构
?There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。
12. look up to 钦佩；仰慕
?I looked up to Thomas Edison when I was a child.当我是个孩子的时候我很钦佩托马斯·爱迪生。
其反义短语是look down on 看不起，鄙视。
【拓展】look的常用短语：
look up 向上看；查阅(词典) look down 向下看
look after 照看；照顾 look around 环顾四周
look for 寻找 look forward to 盼望
【典例】马云很成功，许多年轻人仰慕他。(look)
Ma Yun is so successful that many young people ____________ him.
【答案】look up to
13. hero /’h??r??/ n. 英雄
?It is believed that all astronauts are real heroes. 人们认为所有的宇航员都是真正的英雄。
hero的复数形式是在其后加-es构成的。
【魔法记忆】巧记以o结尾加-es变复数的名词：
黑人(Negro) 英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿 (tomato) 炒土豆(potato)。
14. This is because... 这是因为……
系动词之后是表语，表语是由一个句子充当的，即称为表语从句，连接表语从句的词有：because，why，that，what，who，when，where，which，whether，how等。
?All the cars are going slowly. This is because there is a thick fog. 所有的车都开得很慢，这是因为有浓雾。
?His bike was broken. That is why he came to school on foot. 他的自行车坏了。那就是他步行来学校的原因。
【典例】You have spent too much time playing computer games. That’s ____________ your eyes hurt.
A. why B. how C. what D. when
基础训练
一、根据句意和汉语注释，写出单词的正确形式。
1. A true friend can help you get out of ________ (sad) when you’re unhappy.
2. Our great leader Deng Xiaoping passed away in his ________ (90).
3. Our school sports meeting was ________ (success) held two weeks ago.
4. Make careful ________ (choose) before taking action, please.
5. Don’t worry. I have made much ________ (进步) in learning English.
二、单项选择。
1.—Sorry, Tony.I took your school uniform ________.
—It doesn’t matter.
A. by mistake B. by accident C. on sale D. on display
2. Mum added lots of ________ on the food but it still wasn’t ________.
A. salt; enough salt B. salt; salty enough
C. salty; enough salt D. salty; salt enough
3. —What kind of potato chips do you like?
—I like________ones because they are hard, dry and easily broken.
A. crispy B. sweet C. soft D. sour
4. To be healthy, one must have at least _____ sleep every day.
A. eight hours B. eight hour’s C. eight-hour’s D. eight hours’
5. He is________to lift the bag full of rice onto the truck.
A. enough strong B. too strong C. so strong D. strong enough
6. She put back the book she had taken ________ mistake.
A. in B. up C. to D. by
三、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
1. Dr.Naismith d________ the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play basketball.
2. These green oranges are s________. They are not sweet.
3. It’s impossible to get water from a well(井) with a b________.
4. Jordan(乔丹) used to be a p_________ basketball player.
5. The people who buy things are usually called c________.
四、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Mum put lots of salt on the fish. It was really ________(salt).
2. Dr. Bethune is a ________(Canada). He helped the Chinese a lot.
3. The ________(popular) of table tennis has risen all over the world.
4. The news made him very ________(worry).
5. Lin Zexu was one of the most famous national ________ (hero) in recent history.
6. Do you know any ________ (Canada) singers?
7. ________(final), he put lots of sugar into the food.
8. Wow, the soup tastes really ________(salt).
9. The Chinese regard Yang Liwei, Fei Junlong and Wang Yaping as ________(hero).
10. Will Beijing and Zhangjiakou hold the winter______________ (Olympic) in 2020?
五、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
1. If you go shopping, you will be the ________(顾客).
2. This orange is very ________ (酸的).
3. Can you ________(分开) the watermelon with the knife?
4. You can bring a ________ (篮子) to buy vegetables.
5. Hurry up. It is ________(几乎) eight o’clock. Or you will be late.
六、用适当的介词填空。
1. All animals ________ men feed on plants or other animals.
2. The noodles are salty because my mother sprinkled too much salt ________ them.
3. The change of the plan led ________ another result.
4. Badminton is played by millions of people in ________ 200 countries.
5. Players ________ the same team must work toge-ther to get the ball in the other team’s basket.
七、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Tim’s father made him __________ (not watch) TV at night.
2. You should stop the students from ________ (run) in the hallways.
3. Not only Mary but also her mother ________ (go) shopping on weekends.
4. My father encouraged me ________ (work) harder.
5. The book ________ (buy) for me last Sunday.
八、用方框里所给短语的适当形式填空。
by mistake, the number of, look up to, think of, in the end
1. You’re a popular teacher, Mr. Brown, and a lot of the younger ones ________ you.
2. ________ handworkers becomes smaller and smaller.
3. We were surprised that the two boys didn’t forgive each other ________.
4. To be honest, I can’t ________ a worse way to spend my holiday.
5. It is said that potato chips were invented ________.
能力提升
一、完形填空。
Dear teacher,
I was a student of yours in Grade Six, and I hope you still remember me. I’m 1 this letter because I want to let you know that the school year with you was important and special to me.
I know I 2 be very quiet in your class， and you never said much to me. But you did something that made a big 3 in my life. You see, all through my first year in schools, I hated to read. Books were just words that had 4 to do with me, and I felt bored while reading them. I’ll never 5 the first day of Grade Six when you took out a thick book and began to read the story to our class. It 6 that your voice changed with the people in the story, and you drew pictures in my mind as you read 7 . After that day, I always waited for the time that you read to the class. You 8 us all kinds of wonderful stories.
During the summer after my year in your class, I missed the stories you read. So one day I picked up a book and
9 it all by myself. I found out that I could make the words 10 , too. Now, I love to read! Thank you for opening the world of books for me.
Yours,
Linda
1. A. watching B. reading C. writing D. getting
2. A. used B. used to C. was used D. was used to
3. A. difference B. mistake C. decision D. progress
4. A. nothing B. everything C. something D. anything
5. A. remember B. know C. forget D. understand
6. A. liked B. looked C. looked like D. seemed
7. A. loud B. quiet C. aloud D. silently
8. A. told B. wrote C. borrowed D. taught
9. A. drew B. listened to C. read D. kept
10. A. boring B. patient C. necessary D. interesting
二、阅读理解。
A
Famous Inventions and Their Inventors
X-rays were discovered in 1895 by a German professor, Wilhelm Roentgen. People all over the world were amazed by his invention, the X-ray machine. This invention was so important that Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901.
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell, a doctor and speech teacher. The first phone call was made by Bell in 1876. He got acid(酸) on his pants by accident and wanted his partner, Thomas Watson, to help him. The first words spoken on the telephone were ＂Mr. Watson, come here! I need you!＂
Television was invented in 1926 by John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor. Baird’s television certainly didn’t look like a television today! Electronic televisions like the ones we have today were invented by Vladimir Zworykin in the 1920s in the United States.
The first computer was built in 1946 by two American engineers, J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly. It was developed for the army, and it was so large that it took up the whole room! Later, in 1971, the ＂microchip＂ was invented, and small home computers were first produced for personal use. Today computers are involved in almost everything we do and are found almost everywhere we go.
根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。
1. X-rays were discovered by a Scottish inventor in 1901.
2. Wilhelm Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize for Physics.
3. The telephone was invented by a German professor.
4. The first television and the ones we have today looked the same.
5. Two American engineers built the first computer in 1946.
B
＂I don’t like my parents.They always tell me I should do this, and should not do that.It sometimes makes me angry,＂said Zhang Hua,a middle school student in Guangzhou.Do you have the same problem? Perhaps your parents had the same problem when they were your age long ago.Why does it seem that some parents are not so friendly in their children’s eyes?
One of the biggest problems is when someone becomes a parent, he/she likes worrying about things.They worry about everything about you from the time you were born. They do a lot for you, though something would make you angry, because they care about you and worry about you.They worry about your choice of friends, food you eat, your work at school, how much sleep you get, etc. All these things are part of your life.They want you to grow up healthily and happily.
So how can you make things easier on yourself? It’s easier than you think. Just make sure your parents know what you’re doing. Get them to know your friends. Phone them if you stay somewhere else late so that your parents don’t call every hospital in the phone book looking for you. Say sorry to them when you make mistakes. Take responsibility(责任) for what you have done. Talk about your ideas with them. They may talk about theirs with you.
Most of all, try to think about why your parents do this or do that.They are still practicing being parents and need help you can give them.Some day, when you become a parent, they may be able to help you know how to get on with your children.
6. The writer thinks one of the biggest problems for parents is to ________.
A. worry about themselves B. worry about their children
C. hate their children D. be friendly with their children
7. All the things that parents do is to ________.
A. make their children angry
B. want their children to love them
C. want their children to grow up healthily and happily
D. want their children to do everything well in the future
8. The writer thinks we should ________ if we go back home later than usual.
A. tell our friends B. tell the teacher
C. say sorry to our parents D. make a telephone call to our parents
9. The writer thinks ________.
A. it’s wrong for parents to worry about their children too much
B. some parents are unfriendly, which makes their children angry
C. children should do everything as their parents say
D. parents love their children very much and the children should understand them
10. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Parents’ responsibility B. How to get on with parents
C. Zhang Hua’s problem D. What are parents worrying about
C
Many people ask me what my favorite invention is. I find it very hard to answer them, because there are so many things in my life that I can choose. However, I have chosen a pen. Don’t you think it’s surprising?
I know that to most people a pen is very boring, but, to me, it stands for possibility(可能). There are so many things you can do with a pen. You can write a novel or a song, record information, or draw a picture.
A pen is like the beginning of something amazing to me.Every day. I write a new page with my pen, and I am slowly making a path(路) for my future. Maybe I will be a scientist and change the world with my discoveries. Maybe I’ll become a musician and touch people’s hearts with my music. Or perhaps I will be a writer and move people through words, or a teacher to help children grow into the kind of people that they want to be.
There are so many possibilities as to what I will do with my life, but I know that with the pen in my hand, I will write a good future for myself.Tell me what future you will write for yourself.
11. People may feel ________ after they know the writer’s choice.
A. bored B. interested C. excited D. surprised
12. The writer thinks a ________ can move people through words.
A. scientist B. musician C. writer D. teacher
13. The underlined word ＂discoveries＂ means ＂________＂ in Chinese.
A. 力气 B. 汗水 C. 理智 D. 发现
14. The writer wants to tell us ________.
A. why a pen is the most important invention for him
B. what a pen can help him do
C. why he wants to have a good pen
D. what person he will become in the future
15. Where does the passage most probably come from?
A. A grammar book. B. A science website.
C. A dictionary. D. A sports magazine.
真题练习
1. （2019 ? 东营中考）—Good news! You’ve passed the PE test.
—Hooray! _______ , I am worrying about it.
A. All in all B. To be honest C. Without doubt D. In my opinion
2. （2019 ? 青海西宁中考）—Lisa, don’t let _______ in. I am too busy to meet anyone this moming.
—OK. I _______ .
A. nobody; will B. anybody; won’t C. somebody; don’t D. anybody; don’t
3. （2018 ? 安徽中考）Yuan Longping is _______ regarded as the greatest scientist in rice planting.
A. suddenly B. patiently C. hardly D. generally
4. （2018 ? 内蒙古包头中考）He was once _______ killed in a car accident several years ago.
A. completely B. sadly C. exactly D. nearly
5. （2019 ? 湖北黄冈中考）—Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader?
—The reader, of course. _______ I _______ my brother likes it.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
6. （2019 ? 内蒙古包头中考）Terry, _______ from your cell phone when your father is talking to you.
A. look up B. look around C. look down D. look out
参考答案
K基础
一、根据句意和汉语注释，写出单词的正确形式。
1. sadness 2. nineties 3. successfully 4. choice 5. progress
二、单项选择。
1. A【解析】by mistake错误地。
4. D【解析】句意：为了健康，一个人每天至少得有八小时的睡眠。故选D。
5. D【解析】enough修饰形容词时放在其后。句意：他足够强壮，可以将那个装满大米的袋子举到卡车上。
6. D【解析】考查短语搭配。句意：她把拿错的书放回了原处。by mistake意为＂错误地；无意中＂。其他三个选项不合题意。
三、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
1. divided 2. sour 3. basket 4. professional 5. customers
四、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. salty 2. Canadian 3. popularity 4. worried 5. heroes
6. Canadian 7. Finally 8. salty 9. heroes 10. Olympics
五、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
1. customer(s) 2. sour 3. divide 4. basket 5.nearly
六、用适当的介词填空。
1. including
2. on【解析】用寻找关键词法解题。sprinkle...on...把……洒到……上。
3. to【解析】本题用词语运用法解题。lead to导致。
4. over【解析】over 200 countries 200多个国家。
5. on【解析】on the same team在同一个队。
七、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
八、用方框里所给短语的适当形式填空。
1. look up to【解析】本题用题眼法解题。根据＂popular teacher＂可以判断Mr.Brown受到很多人的尊重。
2. The number of【解析】本题用逻辑推理法解题。the number of ……的数量。题干的意思是＂手工劳动者的数量变得越来越少。＂。
3. in the end【解析】本题用词语运用法解题。in the end最后，最终。
4. think of【解析】本题用正确把握语境法解题。think of 想出来，相当于come up with。题干的意思是＂老实说，我不能想出一个更糟糕的方式去度假。＂。
5. by mistake【解析】本题用词语运用法解题。by mistake错误地，无意中。
K能力
一、完形填空。
文章大意：本文叙述了作者给老师写的一封信，在老师的影响下作者从不爱看书到喜欢上了读书。
1. C【解析】考查动词的用法及语境的理解。句意：我写这封信，因为我想让你知道，和你一起在学校的一年里对我来说是很重要和特殊的。根据句意，写信用write，故选C。
2. B【解析】考查短语的用法及语境的理解。句意：我知道我过去在你的课堂上很安静，你从来没有对我说太多。根据句意，过去常常，故选B。
3. A【解析】考查形容词的用法及语境的理解。A. difference影响差异；B. mistake错误；C. decision决定；D. progress进步。句意：但你做了一件事，在我的生活中有很大的变化。根据句意，故选A。
4. A【解析】考查形容词的用法及语境的理解。A. nothing没有任何；B. everything 一切；C. something 一些；D. anything任何的。句意：书是一些词汇，与我无关，而阅读他们时，我觉得无聊。根据句意，故选A。
5. C【解析】考查动的用法及语境的理解。A. remember记得；B. know知道；C. forget 忘记；D. understand理解。句意：我永远不会忘记六年级的第一天，当你拿出一本厚厚的书，开始给我们班同学读故事。根据句意，故选C。
6. D【解析】考查动词的用法及语境的理解。A. liked像……；B. looked看；C. looked like看起来 像；D. seemed似乎是。句意：似乎你的声音随着故事中的人发生变化。根据句意故选D。
8. A【解析】考查动词的用法及语境的理解。A. told告诉；B. wrote写；C. borrowed借；D. taught教给。句意：你给我们讲了各种各样的精彩故事。表示讲故事，用动词tell,故选A。
9. C【解析】考查动词的用法及语境的理解。A. drew画；B. listened to听；C. read读；D. kept保持。句意：所以有一天，我拿起一本书，自己一个人读。根据句意，故选C。
10. D【解析】考查动词的用法及语境的理解。A. boring无聊的；B. patient病人；C. necessary必要的；D. interesting有趣的。句意：我发现我可以把这些话变得也很有趣。根据下文，我也热爱阅读了可知此处应该填有趣，故选D。
二、阅读理解。
A
文章大意：这篇短文讲述了X射线；电话；电视和第一台计算机的发明。
1.F【解析】细节理解题。根据文中X-rays were discovered in 1895 by a German professor可知答案是错误的。故选F
2.T【解析】细节理解题。根据文中This invention was so important that Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901.可知Wilhelm Roentgen是第一个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的。故选T。
3.F【解析】细节理解题。根据文中可知Television was invented in 1926 by John Logie Baird,电话的发明是John Logie Baird，故选F。
4.F【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Baird’s television certainly didn’t look like a television today! Electronic 可知现在的电话和Baird发明的电话不同。故选F。
5.T【解析】细节理解题。根据文中The first computer was built in 1946 by two American engineers可知第一台电脑是由两个美国工程师发明的。故选T。
B
文章大意：父母所做的一切都是为了孩子健康快乐的成长，有些孩子却不理解父母的良苦用心，甚至还憎恨自己的父母。作者建议孩子要理解自己的父母，要学会与父母相处，更多地与父母沟通交流。并在倒数第二段介绍了作为子女所能做的一些事情，供大家分享。
7. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文中的句子＂All these things are part of your life. They want you to grow up healthily and happily.＂可知，父母所做的一切都是为了孩子健康快乐的成长，故答案为C。
8. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文中的句子＂Phone them if you stay somewhere else late so that your parents don’t call every hospital in the phone book looking for you.＂可知，如果我们不能按时回家，要及时给父母打电话，免得让他们担心，故答案为D。
9. D【解析】推理判断题。通过短文的最后一段可以得知，父母所做的一切都是为了孩子，他们非常爱自己的孩子，作为孩子要理解自己的父母。故答案为D。
10. B【解析】主旨大意题。作者认为父母所做的一切都是为了孩子健康快乐的成长，有些孩子却不理解父母的良苦用心，作者建议要理解自己的父母，并在倒数第二段介绍了作为子女所能做的一些事情，要学会与父母相处，故B答案最符合主旨大意。
C
文章大意：短文是谈论有关发明的话题。作者阐述了钢笔是自己最喜欢的发明，并提出可能会令许多人感到吃惊，作者用大量的篇幅解释了自己持有这种观点的原因。
11. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文中的句子＂However, I have chosen a pen. Don’t you think it’s surprising?＂可知，对于作者的选择，人们可能会感到吃惊，故答案为D。
12. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文中的句子＂Or perhaps I will be a writer and move people through words＂可知，一名作家通过文字可能会让人感动，故答案为C。
13. D【解析】词义猜测题。通过句子＂Maybe I will be a scientist and change the world with my discoveries.＂判断，作为一名科学家更有可能通过发明创造来改变整个世界，故答案为D。
14. A【解析】主旨大意题。第一段作者阐述了钢笔是自己最喜欢的发明，并提出可能会令许多人感到吃惊，作者用大量的篇幅解释了自己持有这种观点的原因，故选A。
15. B【解析】推理判断题。A. A grammar book.语法书；B. A science website .xx网站；C. A dictionary.字典；D. A sports magazine.体育杂志。短文是谈论有关发明的话题，因此可推断它最有可能发表于xx网站，故选B。
K真题
1. B【解析】句意：——好消息！你通过了体育考试。——万岁！说实话，我很担心。A. All in all总之；B. To be honest说实话；C. Without doubt毫无疑问；D. In my opinion依我看来。Hooray! 表示通过体育考试激动的心情，结合语境理解可知，答案为B。
3. D【解析】句意：袁隆平通常被认为是在水稻种植上最伟大的科学家。A. suddenly突然；B. patiently 有耐心的；C. hardly几乎不；D. generally通常，普通的；根据句意应是普遍认为；故选D。
4. D【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：他曾在几年前的一次车祸中险些丧命。completely完全地；sadly伤心地；exactly正确地；nearly几乎，将近。根据句意：＂他曾在几年前的一次车祸中_______丧命＂，结合选项，可知D选项符合题意，故选D。
5. D【解析】句意：——《跑男》和《朗读者》，你更喜欢哪一个节目？——当然是《朗读者》，不仅我，而且我哥哥都喜欢它。both...and...＂……和……都＂，连接并列主语，谓语用复数形式。此处谓语likes是第三人称单数，故排除A项。Neither;nor＂既不，也不＂，根据The reader, of course可知此处表示喜欢《朗读者》，故排除B项。Either, or＂或者，或者＂，根据句意我和哥哥两个人都喜欢它，不是我们中的一个人喜欢它。故排除C项。Not only, but also＂不仅，而且＂连接并列主语，谓语用就近原则，离谓语最近的主语my brother是第三人称单数，故谓语likes是第三人称单数。故选D。
礼貌的），结合选项，可知A选项符合题意，look up from意思是＂从……抬头看＂，故答案选A。