2020届江苏中考英语复习课件 专题十七　阅读理解（328张）

课件328张PPT。 中考英语（江苏专用）专题十七　阅读理解Passage 1(2019连云港,C)You think it's “cool”to carry your backpacks and head out to school. But if you don't know exactly how to
choose, load, lift and wear them—these all-important accessories(配件)can be a pain in the back. Not to mention the neck, head and shoulders.A组 2015—2019年江苏中考题组Backpacks can influence your health. Carrying a heavy load improperly can lead to poor body position; and even hurt the spinal column(脊柱). This can cause muscle strain, headaches, back, neck and arm pain.
For example, if it is carried on one shoulder, a heavy backpack forces the muscles and spine to balance the un-equal weight. This may increase the possible back problems later in life.
More than 50 percent of young people suffer back pain by their teenage years. Research shows that this could be mainly caused by improper use of backpacks.
Here's some advice to help you carry backpacks comfortably and safely.
Choose the right backpack. Forget leather(皮革)! It looks great, but it's far too heavy. Go for canvas(帆布). Pick a pack that has two wide, adjustable, comfortable shoulder straps(带子), along with a hip or waist strap, and plenty of pockets. Make sure the pack fits properly and its size is suitable for the wearer's body.
Packing it properly. Only put in the pack what is needed for that day. It's a good idea to know what each object weighs. The total weight of the filled pack should be no more than 10 to 15 percent of the wearer's own body weight. Pack heaviest objects close to the body, and place little ones outside, away from the back.
Putting the backpack on. Put the pack on a smooth surface, at waist height. Put on the pack, one shoulder at a time, then adjust(调整)the straps to fit comfortably. Remember when lifting a backpack, or anything, to lift using the arms and legs and to bend at the knees.
The right way to wear a backpack. Both shoulder straps should be used, and adjusted so that the pack fits the body, without hanging to one side. Backpacks should never be worn over just one shoulder. You should be able to move your hands between the backpack and your back. The waist strap should also be worn.
Take the above advice, and you may not complain back pain, numbness or weakness in your arms and legs any more.1.What could mainly cause some young people to suffer back pain by their teenage years?
A.Too much homework.　????
B.Poor treatment for backs.
C.Improper use of backpacks.
D.Unhealthy sleep position.
2.Which of the following does the writer suggest?
①Choose leather backpacks because it looks“cool”to go to school.
②Pick a pack that its size is suitable for the wearer's body.
③Make sure the backpack contains only what is needed for that day.
④Pack heaviest objects close to the body, and place little ones outside.
⑤Put the pack on a smooth surface, above the waist height.
A.①②④　　B.①③⑤　　C.②③④　　D.②③⑤3.If a boy weighs 40kg, how heavy should his filled backpack be at most?
A.About 4kg.　　 B.About 6kg.
C.About 10kg.　　D.About 15kg.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Some problems that teenagers face in their study at school.
B.The suitable backpack material that you should choose.
C.The good influence that backpacks have on your health.
D.Some advice on how to carry backpacks comfortably and safely.答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了不恰当地背双肩背包可能带来的危害以及一些关于如何舒服、安全地背双肩包的建议。
1.C　细节理解题。题干意为:什么可能是导致年轻人在十几岁时就背疼的主要原因?根据文中第四段可知,不恰当地使用双肩背包可能是导致背疼的主要原因。故本题选C。
2.C　细节理解题。根据文中第六段第二句可知不要背皮革制的背包,故排除A、B两项;根据倒数第三段第二句Put the pack on a smooth surface, at waist height.可知,背包应该在腰的位置,而不是比腰高的位置,故排除D项。故本题选C。
3.B　推理判断题。根据文中第七段第四句可知,书包的总重量不应该超过背包人体重的10%到15%,题目中说男孩重40千克可知,书包的重量最多不应该超过6千克。故本题选B。
4.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了如何正确背双肩背包,故本题选D。长难句
Pick a pack that has two wide, adjustable, comfortable shoulder straps, along with a hip or waist strap, and plen-
ty of pockets. 选一个有两个宽的、可调节的、舒服的肩带,而且有臀带或腰带和许多口袋的背包。
本句是主从复合句。本句主句为祈使句,that引导定语从句,修饰先行词pack。Passage 2(2019扬州,D)
Trees in cities “live fast but die young” compared to forests in the countryside, warns a new study.
Researchers found that trees in cities die younger than ones in the countryside because of the higher levels of CO2.
City-living trees suffer (遭受) a loss of carbon storage (碳储量). That means trees produce less energy from the air.
Now researchers say more must be done to deal with the situation. Ian Smith, a PhD student of Boston Universi-ty in the United States, said, “Cities are in the important position in fighting against rising temperatures and in-creasing CO2.” “We find that tree planting alone may not be enough to keep and increase city canopy cover (树冠覆盖率). Because of the age and size of the present canopy, efforts to improve and protect tree health are badly needed for increasing city tree cover and canopy cover.”
The research team used a model to watch changes among street trees for several planting and management meth-ods. Researchers also used the model to watch tree growth, death and planting rates (率) both among trees in Boston City and forests in the countryside in Massachusetts.It was discovered that rates of carbon cycling and growth rates among city trees were nearly four times faster than those in the countryside. However, loss of carbon storage and death rates are also higher, especially death rates are more than double higher than those in countryside forests.
The study, published in PLOS ONE, has reminded scientists to encourage communities to do more to plant and protect trees. It is important to increase city canopy cover and carbon storage.
Researchers say planting and protecting will be needed to make sure cities can develop healthily, but more needs to be done to have a better understanding of city trees—which may be different from countryside forests.
1.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A.The more carbon storage loses, the more energy the trees produce from the air.
B.The higher the levels of CO2 are, the harder it will be for the plants to survive.
C.If we plant enough trees, we are sure to increase city canopy cover.
D.Cities do better in fighting against rising temperatures and increasing CO2.2.Paragraph 4 mainly tells us 　　????.
A.the results of the study
B.the discoveries from the researchers
C.the methods of the study
D.the suggestions from the researchers
3.What does “those” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A.Death rates. B.Rates of carbon cycling.
C.Growth rates. D.Loss of carbon storage.
4.The writer's main purpose of writing the passage is 　　????.
A.to teach us how to improve and protect tree health
B.to warn us that trees in cities live fast but die young
C.to let us have a better understanding of city treesD.to tell us to take action to increase city canopy cover 答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市树木面临的问题及原因,目的是让人们对城市树木有一个更好的理解,以便更好地种植和保护城市树木。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Researchers found that trees in cities die younger than ones in the coun-tryside because of the higher levels of CO2.可知,城市里二氧化碳含量高,造成树木较早死亡,也就是二氧化碳含量越高,树木越难存活,故选B项。
2.C　主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句The research team used a model to watch changes among...可知,第四段主要介绍了研究的方法,但是没有提到研究的结果和发现,也没有提出建议,故选C项。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句...especially death rates are more than double higher than those in countryside forests.可知,是同类事物之间的比较,主语是death rates,所以those指代death rates,故选A项。
4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的but more needs to be done to have a better understanding of city trees可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是让我们对城市树木有一个更好的理解,故选C项。Good Neighbours
Mr. and Mrs. March lived together with their four daughters. Amy was very shy. Beth
loved being at home. Meg looked very pretty. Jo was tall and thin and she was a tomboy
(假小子). Their home was always busy and full of noise and people. Next to them lived
old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie. They lived in a very large and comfortable
house. But it was a house without life.
One day, Jo saw Laurie standing at an upstairs window in his house and looking down at their garden. Jo's sis-ters were playing in the snow there. They were throwing snowballs and having a lot of fun. But Laurie's face was very sad.
“Poor boy!” Jo thought. “He's all alone. He needs some friends.” She couldn't stop thinking about him. She wanted to go and see him, but how could she go to his house without an invitation?
Then one snowy afternoon, she saw Laurie's grandpa go out. This gave her an idea. She took a broom from the kitchen.Passage 3(2019宿迁,D) “What are you going to do, Jo?” asked her sister Meg.
“To clear the garden path,” answered Jo.
When Laurie saw Jo from the window, a big smile changed his pale, sad face.
Jo laughed and shouted,“How are you? Are you ill?”
Laurie opened the window and said, “I'm better now, thank you. I had a bad cold and had to stay inside for a week”.
“I'm sorry,” said Jo. “Are you bored?”
“Yes, very,” he replied.
“Don't your friends come to visit you?”
“No. But I don't want to see anybody. Boys are noisy and they give me a headache.”
“Girls are quiet.”
“I don't know any girls.”
“You know us.”“That's true! Can you come and visit me?” cried Laurie.
“I'm not quiet, but I'd like to come,” replied Jo. “I must ask Mother first.” She ran back into her house.
A few minutes later, she returned and rang the bell on the door of Laurie's house. A servant took her upstairs.
“Here I am!” she said brightly. “Mother sends her love and my sisters gave me this blancmange (牛奶冻) for you.”
“That looks delicious,” Laurie said. He was very happy to see Jo.
Jo looked around. There were lots of books on the shelves.
“A nice room!” she said. “I can read to you if you like.”
“No, let's talk,” replied Laurie.
“All right,” said Jo. “I can talk for hours. My sisters say I never know when to stop.”
“You have three sisters—Amy, Beth and Meg.” Laurie continued.
“How do you know that?” Jo was surprised.
“You call each other's name when you are in the garden. Sometimes I can see you all around the table with your mother. She has a very kind face. I like looking at her. I haven't got a mother.”Jo felt sad when she heard this.
“Why don't you come and visit us?” she said. “It isn't good for you to stay in this house all the time.”
“Thank you. I'd like to come very much,” said Laurie.
“We know all our neighbours except you,” Jo said. “I'm glad we're friends now.”
She told him about all the interesting things in her life. She said, “Besides (除了……之外还) plays, I also love books.” Laurie loved books too, and offered to show her the library in the house. The library was a wonderful room. Jo loved it.
“Wow!” she said. “All those books!”
Laurie said, “A person needs more than books.”
Just then the bell rang and a servant came in...
(Adapted from Little Women)1.From the first paragraph, we know 　　????.
A.Jo's family had five members
B.Jo and Laurie were neighbours
C.Laurie and his grandpa were busy
D.the four sisters had the same hobby
2.Jo wanted to visit Laurie because 　　????.
A.she wanted to visit his large house
B.Laurie invited her to play with snowballs
C.she felt he was lonely and needed friends
D.Laurie was seriously ill and needed her care
3.What might be the correct order of what happened in the story?
a.Jo saw Laurie standing at an upstairs window in his house.
b.Jo and Laurie were having a talk happily at Laurie's home.c.Jo went to Laurie's home after telling her mother.
d.Jo couldn't stop thinking about Laurie.
A.a-b-c-d　　B.b-a-c-d
C.b-d-a-c　　D.a-d-c-b
4.Which words can best describe Jo and her sisters?
A.Kind and friendly.　　B.Generous but rude.
C.Quiet and smart.　　 D.Funny but careless.
5.What does Laurie mean by saying “A person needs more than books.”?
A.People need to stay in their own houses.
B.People should learn much more from books.
C.People need love and friendship besides books.
D.People should relax themselves besides reading答案????
[语篇解读]　本文改编自美国女作家路易莎·梅·奥尔科特的长篇小说《小妇人》。本文介绍了热心善良的Jo帮助孤独自闭的Laurie获得爱和友谊的故事。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Next to them lived old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie.可知,Jo和Laurie是邻居,故选B项。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Poor boy!” Jo thought. “He's all alone. He needs some friends.”可知,Jo想去看Laurie是因为她觉得他很孤独,需要朋友。故选C项。
3.D　细节理解题。根据本文内容:先是Jo看见Laurie站在他家楼上的窗户前俯视着花园;再是Jo无法停止想起Laurie,她认为他需要一些朋友;然后Jo征求母亲同意来到Laurie家;最后他们一起在Laurie家愉快地聊天。由此可知,a-d-c-b顺序正确,故选D项。
4.A　推理判断题。根据Jo刚到Laurie家中所说的话Mother sends her love and my sisters gave me this blancmange for you.可知,Jo的家人们都很善良、友好,故选A项。
5.C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后三句Next to them lived old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie. They lived in a very large and comfortable house. But it was a house without life.和后来Laurie 说的话 “Thank you. I'd like to come very much”的对比可知,Laurie明白了人需要爱和友谊。故选C项。
长难句
Next to them lived old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie.紧挨着他们住着老Laurence先生和他的孙子Laurie。
这是一个倒装句。介词短语放在了句首,起强调作用,正常的语序是Old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Lau-rie lived next to them。
重点词汇　invitation n.邀请;offer v.主动给予;reply v.答复
词汇积累　besides adv.此外;tomboy n.假小子Passage 4(2019苏州,B)
People all over the world eat eggs. Most of the eggs we eat come from hens. Eggs are easy to cook. They can be cooked in lots of ways such as fried or hard-boiled. Eggs can be used with other things to make cakes and ice-cream.
?答案????
[语篇解读]　本文为一篇说明文,介绍了鸡蛋的蛋壳、蛋黄和蛋清这三个组成部分,并介绍了如何用一锅水测出鸡蛋的新鲜程度。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Eggs can be used with other things to make cakes and ice-cream.可知,鸡蛋可以和其他东西一起用来做蛋糕和冰激凌,说明此处提到蛋糕和冰激凌是为了描述鸡蛋的用处,故选C项。
2.A　细节理解题。根据Yolk部分The colour depends on what the hen eats.可知,蛋黄颜色取决于母鸡吃的食物,故选A项。
3.D　主旨大意题。根据表格中的标题The fresh test及第一句...to find out how old your egg is.可知,该表格是向读者介绍如何检测鸡蛋的新鲜程度。故选D项。Passage 5(2018苏州,B)
Two little boys
Two little boys had two little toys
Each had a wooden horse.
Joyfully they played each summer's day
Soldiers(士兵)both, of course.
Then Jack broke off his horse's head,
Sad for his toy, then cried with joy
As his young friend Joe said:
?Did you think I would leave you crying
When there's room on my horse for two?
Climb up here, Jack, and don't be crying
I can go just as fast with two
When we grow up we'll both be soldiers
And our horses will not be toys
And I wonder if we'll remember
When we were two little boys.
Long years past, war came so 　　????
Bravely they marched away.
Guns roared loud and in the mad crowd
Wounded and dying lie
Up goes a shout, a horse rushes outOut from the crowd, to where Joe lay
Then came a voice he knew:
Did you think I would leave you dying
When there's room on my horse for two?
Climb up here, Joe, we'll soon be flying
I can go just as fast with two.
Now we are both real soldiers
And our horses are not toys
And I remember
When we were two little boys.答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一首歌词。两个小男孩都有一匹木头小马玩具,两人整个夏天都在玩士兵游戏,有一天Jack的马头摔坏了,Joe把他的小马玩具和Jack一起分享。长大后,两人都成了真正的士兵。在战场上,Joe受伤了,Jack骑着马冲到Joe身边救了他。两人都记着年少时的承诺:Did you think I would leave you crying?
1.A　细节理解题。根据Then Jack broke off his horse's head可知,他的玩具马头摔断了,故选A项。
2.A????推理判断题。根据歌词押韵的特点可知,设空处的词应与past押韵,再根据句意,战争这么快就来了,故选A项。
3.D　主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,本文描述的是两个小男孩之间从小到大的友谊。A、B、C三个选项在文中都被提到,但只能概括某一部分的内容,不够全面。故选D项。长难句
And I wonder if we'll remember when we were two little boys.并且我想知道是否我们会记得我们两个是小男孩的时候。
本句是主从复合句,if引导宾语从句,从句中又有when引导的另一个宾语从句。
重点词汇　wooden adj.木头的;room n.空间;rush out冲出来
词汇积累　soldier n.士兵;break off折断;joyfully adv.喜悦地Passage 6(2018盐城,C)My first home was a beautiful meadow with a pond of clear water. There were some
large trees near the pond. On one side of the meadow was a field and on the other
was the house of our master, Farmer Grey. He was a kind man.
My mother and I had a happy life. She worked during the day. I played with the other young horses and had great fun. At night I lay next to her.
One day, my master sold me to Squire Gordon. He lived with his family in a big house.
“You're a beautiful horse,” he said.“You have a beautiful black coat. I shall call you Black Beauty.”
I learned to carry my master on my back and pull a coach. I learned to wear reins (缰绳) and a bit in my mouth. I did not like them, but all the horses had to wear them.
My master had two horses. One of them was Merrylegs. He was very friendly. The other was Ginger. She was not friendly. She bit and kicked people.
Ginger and I pulled a coach together. The coachman's name was John Ginger and I worked very hard. We be-came friends.Ginger told me about her life when she was young. She told me, “My master was not kind to me. My reins and bit hurt me. My master did not care.”
Squire Gordon and his men felt sorry for Ginger. They were always kind to her. She stopped biting and kicking people. She became a happy horse.
One day in autumn Squire Gordon went on a long journey. John went with him and I pulled the coach. The weather was rainy and windy. Mr Gordon and John could not see well in the rain. We came to a bridge. I stopped. “Something is wrong,” I thought. I did not want to go on to the bridge. Mr Gordon and John wanted me to go on to the bridge. I did not move. Just then a man saw us.“Hey there! Stop!” he cried.
“What is it?” shouted Squire.
“The bridge is broken in the middle,” he answered. “If you go on to it, you are all going to drown in the riv-er.”
“Thank God!” said Squire. “Thank you, Beauty!” said John. We turned around and went along the road by the river. For a long time no one said anything. Then John said,“Black Beauty saved our lives. He knew the bridge was dangerous.”
When we returned home, Squire told Mrs Gordon:
“We are all safe, thanks to Black Beauty!”
That night I was glad, though I was very tired.
1.Who named the horse Black Beauty?
A.Farmer Grey.　　B.Squire Gordon.
C.Mrs Gordon.　　D.John.
2.What do the underlined words “coach” and “drown” probably mean in the passage according to the given English-English dictionary entries (词条)?
coach
1[C] a person who trains a person or team in sport
2[C] a comfortable bus for carrying passengers over long distances
3[C] a large closed vehicle with four wheels, pulled by horses, used in the past for carrying passengersdrown
1[V] to die because you have been underwater too long and you cannot breathe;to kill sb. in this way
2[V] to make sth. very wet;to completely cover sth. in water or another liquid
3[V] to be louder than other sounds so that you cannot hear them
A.1;2　　B.3;1　　C.1;3　　D.3;3
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Black Beauty lived a hard life with Mum.
B.Ginger was unhappy when she was young.
C.Some horses did not wear reins or bits.
D.Mr Gordon went on a long journey alone.
4.How did Black Beauty save his master's life?
A.By fixing the bridge.
B.By asking other horses for help.C.By crossing the bridge.
D.By refusing to step onto the bridge.
5.What might happen that night from the passage?
A.Black Beauty was sent away from home.
B.Mr Gordon sold Black Beauty to others.
C.Black Beauty got good food and a nice bed.
D.Mr Gordon had Black Beauty do extra work.答案????
[语篇解读]????本文为英国作家Anna Sewell的小说Black Beauty(《黑骏马》)中的片段。该片段叙述了这匹黑骏马被卖给了新主人,逐渐适应新生活并救了自己新主人的故事。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第四段“You're a beautiful horse,” he said. “You have a beautiful black coat. I shall call you Black Beauty.”可知,是这匹马的新主人Squire Gordon给这匹马取的名字。故选B项。
2.B　语义猜测题。根据第七段画线词所在句Ginger and I pulled a coach together.的结构及意思可知,coach作动词pulled的宾语,故coach应是一种车辆而不是人,这辆车由马在拉,选3,可排除A、C两项;根据倒数第五段画线词所在句...you are all going to drown in the river.的语境可知,此处的drown表示的动作和掉进水里有关,选1,可排除D项。故选B项。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句My mother and I had a happy life.可知,我和妈妈过着幸福的生活,A项错误;根据第八段Ginger told me about her life when she was young. She told me, “My master was not kind to me...”可知,Ginger小时候主人对她不好,她很不愉快,B项正确;根据第五段最后一句...but all the horses had to wear them.可知,所有的马都要带缰绳和马嚼子,C项错误;根据第十段第一、二句...John went with him and I pulled the coach.可知,Mr Gordon带着John一起去的,D项错误。故选B项。
4.D　推理判断题。根据第十段中I stopped. “Something is wrong,” I thought...I did not move.可知,Black Beauty发现桥有些不对劲,因此拒绝过桥,以此挽救了主人的生命,而不是通过修桥、向别的马求助等方式。故选D项。
5.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“We are all safe, thanks to Black Beauty!”可知,Mr Gordon觉得自己得救,多亏了Black Beauty,因此,Mr Gordon不可能把Black Beauty送走或卖给别人,也不会让Black Beauty 干额外的活,只会给Black Beauty美味的食物和一张好床作为奖励。故选C项。
长难句
On one side of the meadow was a field and on the other was the house of our master, Farmer Grey.在草地的一边是一片田地,另一边是我们的主人——农夫Grey的家。
本句为and连接的并列句。两个分句都是介词短语在句首构成的倒装句。
重点词汇　lie v.躺;master n.主人;thanks to多亏了……
词汇积累　meadow n.草地,牧场;rein n.缰绳;drown v.淹死In the past, scientists have used man-made materials, animal parts and even dead people as scaffolds. But that has proved to be difficult and expensive.
Pelling and his team, however, found the apple to be a cheap and easy-to-use scaffold.
They first cut an apple into the shape of an ear. Then they used a special way to take out the apple's cells and make it a scaffold. The team then added human cells to the apple, and watched it grow.
“You can implant these scaffolds into the body, and the body will send in cells and a blood supply and actually keep these things alive,” Pelling said during a Ted Talk speech.
The team put the apple scaffold inside a living mouse and the mouse's cells slowly took over the pieces of the apple.
Now Pelling is thinking of other fruit, plants or vegetables to use.
He says that the shape of flower petals could be perfect for repairing skin. And asparagus(芦笋) could fix a bro-ken spine(脊柱).
Now, Pelling and his team are trying hard to put these crazy ideas into reality.1.Pelling's idea of man-made ear seems crazy because he used　　????as scaffolds.
A.animal parts　????
B.dead people
C.man-made materials　????
D.ordinary apples
2.The underlined word “implant” in Paragraph 7 probably means　　????.
A.pick　　 B.put　????
C.produce　　D.protect
3.Which is the right order of making an ear out of an apple according to the passage?
a.put the apple scaffold inside a mouse
b.add human cells to the apple scaffold
c.cut an apple into the shape of an ear
d.make the apple ear a scaffolde.take out the apple's cells in a special way
A.a-b-c-d-e　　B.b-c-d-a-e
C.c-e-d-b-a　　D.c-d-a-e-b
4.From the last three paragraphs, we can infer that Pelling will experiment with other fruit, plants or vegetables　　????.
A.to make human ears
B.to repair burnt skin
C.to fix a broken spine
D.to make human body parts答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇科普说明文。加拿大生物物理学家Andrew Pelling使苹果长出人耳,他还考虑在未来用其他水果、植物或蔬菜修复人体部位。这听起来很疯狂,但是Pelling和他的团队正在把这个想法变成现实。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Imagine having an ear made out of an apple.以及第五段Pelling and his team, however, found the apple to be a cheap and easy-to-use scaffold.可知,Pelling的人造耳朵的想法很疯狂是因为他用普通的苹果做支架。故选D项。
2.B　语义猜测题。根据第八段The team put the apple scaffold inside a living mouse...可知,他们将支架放入老鼠体内。在Pelling的演讲中,他表达的是相似的意思:你可以把这些支架放入体内……。implant相当于put,故选B项。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知,他们首先将苹果切成耳朵的形状,然后用特殊的方法取出苹果细胞,使其成为一个支架,再把人类细胞注入这个苹果支架,观察其生长;再根据第八段The team put the apple scaffold inside a living mouse...可知,最后他们将支架放入一只老鼠体内。故选C项。4.D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句He thinks fruit and vegetables can be used to cheaply repair human body parts in the future.可推断,Pelling用其他水果、植物或蔬菜做实验,不仅仅是用来修复耳朵、皮肤或脊柱,也会用来修复人的各个身体部位。故选D项。
长难句
Imagine having an ear made out of an apple.想象一下,用一个苹果做成一个耳朵。
本句是一个祈使句。make sth. out of sth.由某物制成某物;句中made out of an apple为过去分词短语作定语,修饰ear。
重点词汇　crazy adj.疯狂的;replace v.代替;add v.添加;fix v.使固定,修补
词汇积累　supply n.供应,供给;take over接管,取代;reality n.现实room and dived into bed.
He heard Mama coming down the hall.
“Did you do this?”his mother asked. Calvin looked out from under the covers. His mother stood over him, holding a rubber spider.
“Do what?”he asked.
“You put that thing in my bed,”Trudy told him, stepping out from behind Mama.
“Don't think that just because it's your birthday you can get away with something like this,”Mama scolded(责骂).
“You do want your present, don't you?”That wiped the smile off Calvin's face.
“Course I do,”he said.
“Then you apologize(道歉).”
Calvin dropped his head. “Sorry Trudy,”he muttered(嘟囔).
“Here,”Mama said. “Happy birthday.”At the breakfast table she handed Calvin an envelope. Inside were tickets to the matinee show of Lomax the Magnificent, the world-famous magician and hypnotist. “You've got two tickets there,”Mama said, “and I know someone who'd really love to go along.”She smiled at Trudy.
“You don't mean here, do you?”Calvin asked, eyeing his little sister.
“Well, that would be really nice. But those tickets are yours. If you want to ask somebody—”Calvin didn't wait for his mother to finish. He rushed out of the house to tell Rodney, his pal next door, that the two of them were going to see Lomax the Magnificent.
1.Who screamed at the beginning?
A.Calvin.　　 B.Calvin's sister.
C.Calvin's friend.　　D.Calvin's mother.
2.Calvin apologized to Trudy 　　????.
A.unwillingly　　 B.truly
C.happily　 　D.excitedly3.Calvin received his present 　　????.
A.in the kitchen　　 B.in his bed
C.inside the theatre　　D.outside his house
4.Calvin's mother really wanted Calvin to 　　????.
A.ask his friend to the show
B.find out what his friend thought
C.do what she thought was right
D.watch the show without his sister
5.What is the best title for this passage?
A.Trudy's Spider　　 B.Mother's Tickets
C.Calvin's Birthday　　D.Rodney's Present答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇小说节选。文章主要介绍了Calvin生日当天发生的事情。
1.B　细节理解题。通过前五段可知,Calvin搞了个恶作剧,在他妹妹Trudy的床上放了只橡胶蜘蛛,使她吓了一跳,并尖叫了起来,随后妈妈带着Trudy去质问Calvin。故选B项。
2.A　推理判断题。根据第十段Calvin dropped his head. “Sorry Trudy,” he muttered.可推断出,他道歉的时候是很不情愿的。故选A项。
3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第二句At the breakfast table she handed Calvin an envelope.可知,他收到生日礼物时是在厨房。故选A项。
4.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段倒数第一、二句“...and I know someone who'd really love to go a-long.” She smiled at Trudy.可知,妈妈想让Calvin带Trudy去看表演。故选C项。
5.C????主旨大意题。综合全文可知,文章主要讲的是Calvin的生日,妈妈送给了他两张票作为生日礼物。故选C项。答案????
[语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的广告形式——Flogo。Flogo由肥皂泡混合少量的氦气组成,可以做成各种形状,飘浮在空中。由于它的原材料都是从植物中提炼,所以它无毒无害。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的It's a new form of advertising in the sky that's never been used before.可知,Flogo主要用于在天空做广告。故选A项。
2.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的because the soap used to make the Flogo comes from plants and leaves可知,Flogo的原材料来自植物和树叶,因此百分之百环保。故选D项。
3.C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Flogos are only white now...可知,Flogo现在只有白色的,排除B项;根据第二段最后一句The machine, which can be rented for $2,500 a day, can make a Flogo...可知,制作Flogo广告成本不低,排除D项;根据第三段第二句They can last from a few minutes to an hour anywhere in the sky, depending on the weather conditions.可知,它们不是一天几个小时在天空,只可以持续几分钟到1个小时,这取决于天气状况,由此可见Flogo会受到天气的影响,排除A项,选C项。
4.B　主旨大意题。文章介绍了一种新的广告形式——Flogo。而第一段第二句中的a Flogo—a logo that
flies对Flogo进行了定义,B项内容与之相符。故选B项。长难句
These funny logos are made with soap bubbles mixed with a little helium gas, which makes them lighter than air and float in the sky.这些有趣的标识是用肥皂泡和一些氦气混合成的,氦气能使它们比空气轻,并且使得它们飞上天空。
本句逗号后为which引导的非限制性定语从句,主句中mixed with a little helium gas为过去分词短语作定语,从句中lighter和float作makes的宾语补足语。
高级语块　depend on依赖,依靠,取决于,由……而定;in the near future在不久的将来Passage 10(2015苏州,C)
It was Christmas Eve.When everyone went to bed,Bunny couldn't fall asleep.He still couldn't think of what he wanted as a special Christmas present.He wondered how Santa—Father Christmas would know what to bring him if he didn't know himself.
As he was sitting up in bed,Bunny heard a big noise on the roof(屋顶) and a sound downstairs.It was Santa Claus,he realized.Bunny jumped out of bed and ran down the hall to the stairs.He hoped to take a look at the old man before Santa left for his next stop.
By the time Bunny was at the bottom of the stairs,everything was silent again.Lots of presents were put under the Christmas tree,but Santa was gone.A little disappointed(失望的),Bunny turned to climb back upstairs when he heard a cry.
“Hello,” said Bunny.“Is somebody there?”
He was answered by another cry.Bunny looked around the big pile of presents to see what was making the noise.Right under the tree was a funny looking brown animal with big feet and sad eyes.It also had antlers(鹿角) on its head.Bunny almost mistook it for a dog.
“Are you a reindeer?” asked Bunny.
“Yes,” replied the brown animal with antlers.“My name is Ralph.”
“And you were pulling Santa's sled(雪橇)?”
“I was until I got airsick,” replied Ralph.“Santa had to leave me here and go on with the other seven rein-deer.”
“Isn't it a bit unusual for a reindeer to get airsick? I mean,isn't flying what reindeer are famous for?”
“Not me,I'm afraid.It makes me scared.I always feel sick when it comes to flying,” replied Ralph.“But ev-eryone wanted me to pull Santa's sled,so when it was my turn I gave it a try.I'm afraid I just wasn't cut out for the job.Now I'm stuck here and I don't know how to get back to the North Pole.”
“Well,if you like,you can stay with us as a friend,” said Bunny.As he made the offer,Bunny suddenly realized the special present he wanted from Santa was a new friend!1.Why couldn't Bunny fall asleep on Christmas Eve?
A.He wanted to take a close look at Santa Claus.
B.He was waiting for his special present from his father.
C.He was thinking about what present to get from Santa.
D.He was woken up by a noise on the roof of his house.
2.The underlined phrase “cut out” probably means　　????.
A.suitable　　B.famous　　C.ready　　D.bad
3.What can we learn from the article?
A.Ralph is a brown dog with antlers.
B.Ralph is afraid of flying in the air.
C.Bunny got a sled as a Christmas present.
D.Bunny sent Ralph back to the North Pole.4.This article seems to tell us that　　????.
A.Santa lives in the South Pole with his reindeer
B.Santa usually puts Christmas presents on the roofs
C.Santa uses dogs to bring children presents on Christmas Eve
D.Santa knows what presents children want without being told答案????
[语篇解读]　圣诞前夕,Bunny难以入眠,思索着他想要什么作为一份特别的圣诞礼物。突然,屋顶上的响声告诉他圣诞老人到了,他匆忙跳下床,跑到楼梯处,看到的却是一只驯鹿。随着与这只驯鹿交谈的深入,Bun-ny终于懂得了圣诞老人的良苦用心。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句He still couldn't think of what he wanted as a special Christmas pre-sent.及最后一句He wondered how Santa—Father Christmas would know what to bring him if he didn't know himself.可知,他在想自己要从圣诞老人那里得到什么作为一份特别的圣诞礼物,因此睡不着。故选C项。
2.A　语义猜测题。根据倒数第四段的I got airsick及倒数第二段驯鹿所说的话可知,这只驯鹿不适合给圣诞老人拉雪橇。故选A项。
3.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Not me,I'm afraid.It makes me scared.I always feel sick when it comes to flying可知,这只驯鹿害怕在空中飞行。故选B项。
4.D　推理判断题。从文章开头Bunny期待从圣诞老人那里得到一份特殊的圣诞礼物,到驯鹿的突然出现,再到Bunny和Ralph的交谈可知,圣诞老人总能给孩子们带去他们想要的礼物。故选D项。长难句
He wondered how Santa—Father Christmas would know what to bring him if he didn't know himself.他想知道如果他自己都不知道要什么礼物,圣诞老人怎么会知道要带给他什么礼物呢。
本句中how引导宾语从句,宾语从句中又含有if引导的条件状语从句。
高级语块　be gone消失了, 去世了;mistake...for...错把……当作……;give it a try试一试Passage 1(2019北京,C)
　　Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn't need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological(心理学的)processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we're exposed(接触)to new envi-ronments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.
It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situa-tions, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.
How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.
Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experi-B组　2015—2019年全国中考题 组ences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new infor-mation, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加)our experience of time.
Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience—to what we are see-ing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.
To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It's possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.
1.According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by 　　????.
A.going to bed on time
B.traveling to new placesC.having dinner as usual
D.printing the same materials
2.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.
B.Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.
C.We can take in more information by living through our senses.
D.We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Slow Down Time　????
B.Only Time Will Tell
C.Race Against Time　????
D.Time Will Not Come Twice答案????
[语篇解读]　本文为一篇说明文,主要介绍了心理学意义上可以让时间慢下来并提出了扩展时间体验的建议。
1.B　推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down.可知,体验新鲜事物可以延长时间体验,故选B。
2.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole at-tention to an experience—to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. 可知,通过感官来感受身边的事物可以接收到更多信息, 故选C。
3.A　主旨大意题。第一段的最后一句提出了心理学意义上可以让时间慢下来,并在第五段和第六段提出了如何扩展时间体验让时间慢下来的建议。故选A。Passage 2(2019重庆,B)
?
1.You can enjoy a film 　　???? on Thursday afternoon.
A.in the school hall　 　B.in Computer Room Four
C.in Biology Lab Two　　D.in Science Center2.On Friday,　　???? will tell you why we can't grow to be 3 meters.
A.Mr. Wang　　B.Miss Yang
C.Doctor Hu　　D.Mr. Zhu
3.From 2:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. on Monday, you can　　????.
A.watch a film
B.enjoy 3D-printed products
C.listen to a talk
D.experience what 5G is like
4.The material above is probably 　　????.
A.a notice　　B.a poem　　C.a map　　D.a diary答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是应用文,分别向我们介绍了科学周的四项活动。
1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一条信息(左上)最后一句中的“on Thursday in the school hall”可知本题选A。
2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二条信息(左下)中的“Speaker: Doctor Hu”可知,胡医生将向我们揭示人类不能长到三米的原因,故选C。
3.D　细节理解题。根据文章第三条信息(右上)中的“5G is coming! Come and experience what it is like!/Time:2:30 p.m.—4:30 p.m./Day:Monday”可知,在星期一的下午两点半至四点半,可以体验5G,故本题选D。
4.A　推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容可知,这是一则公告或通知,故本题选A。长难句
Come and experience what it is like!来体验一下它是什么样的吧!
本句是一个祈使句,其中又包含一个由what引导的宾语从句。
重点词汇　science n.科学　product n.产品
词汇积累　black hole n.黑洞Passage 3(2019湖北武汉,C)
Don't Judge a Book by Its Cover
Ever since I was a little girl, I've loved reading crime and detective(侦探)novels, so I guess it was pretty normal that I started writing them when I was older. However, my family is very big on having a traditional career(职业)and so when I said that I wanted to go to college and study writing, my parents told me that I couldn't. They told me that I had to study for a degree so that I would achieve a career, and not something as risky as writing. I sup-pose I could have studied journalism(新闻专业), but I didn't want to lose interest in writing because it would be something I would do every day for work, not for pleasure. I thought that teaching looked like a pretty good compromise(妥协), especially because of the long holidays. It was a good choice:by the time I was twenty-five, I'd already finished two novels and had an agent.
To be honest, I never meant to keep my being a crime writer a secret or anything, and my friends have always known. One of the reasons most people don't know is because my agent told me that my name Hazel sounded too much like a romance(浪漫)novelist for older women. She suggested Brooke Lane and I thought,“Well, if you think it'll make me successful, okay.” I'd totally forgotten about it until I walked into school one day and saw one of my workmates reading my novel. I asked her some questions about it, and it was so clear that she had no idea that I'd written it—she even offered to lend it to me after she'd finished! Of course, sometimes I won-der what my students would think if they knew that their teacher was going home on the weekend to write about murders and dead bodies, but I think my parents probably did me a favor: my teaching job keeps me in touch with the real world.
1.Hazel is probably　　????.
A.an agent　 　B.a journalist
C.a teacher and artist　　D.a teacher and writer
2.The underlined words“is very big on” in the passage most probably mean 　　????.
A.to give no advice
B.to like something very much
C.to have more experiences答案????
[语篇解读]　不能通过封皮来评判一本书,也不能通过一个人的职业来了解他的爱好。这篇文章就向我们诠释了这个道理。
1.D????细节理解题。通过文章第一段最后两句和第二段的第二句可知,Hazel既是教师又是作家, 故本题选择D。
2.B　语义猜测题。由第一段第三句可知“我”的父母希望“我”能够有一个不像写作那样有风险的职业。可以猜出此处的意思是“非常喜欢”, 故本题选择B。
3.B　细节理解题。通过文章第二段的第三句可知,Hazel接受了Brooke Lane作为笔名, 故本题选择B。
4.A　细节理解题。从文章最后“但是我认为我的父母很可能帮了我一个忙:我的教师工作使得我可以接触真实的世界”可以判断出来,父母在职业方面的建议是有帮助的, 故本题选择A。
5.C　推理判断题。从第二段的第四、五句可知,Hazel的代理人建议换过笔名之后,有同事对Hazel的书籍非常感兴趣, 故本题选择C。Passage 4(2019广西北部湾经济区,B)
AI(人工智能)makes our lives easier and better. Let's see the amazing AI.　　根据短文内容,选择最佳选项。
1.The fact about Apolong is that 　　????.
A.there is a driver in it
B.the door is opened by the passenger
C.there are 24 seats in it
D.it stops every time it sees a stop light
2.Xiaoice CAN'T 　　????.
A.go out to play with you
B.talk with you if you feel lonely
C.be your friend
D.sing, write poems or tell stories
3.The painting is 　　????.
A.a work painted by Vincent van GoghB.worth about 3,000,000 yuan at an auction
C.studied by three French artists over 15,000 times
D.among the most beautiful paintings in the world
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Xiaoice is a 17-year-old girl.
B.The AI anchor can only speak English.
C.The AI anchor can work 24 hours without mistakes.
D.The AI artist is one of the most popular artists in China.
5.We can probably see the passage in 　　????.
A.a guidebook　　B.a notice
C.a novel　 　D.a newspaper答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人工智能的运用。
1.D　细节理解题。题干意为:关于Apolong的事实是　　????。根据文中第一个框中的“Wait, where is the driver? Here is a new kind of driverless bus called Apolong.”及“It stops every time it sees a stop light.”可知,Apolong实际上是一辆无人驾驶的汽车,它每次看到红灯都停下来。故本题选D。
2.A　细节理解题。题干意为:Xiaoice不能　　????。根据文中第二个方框中“If you feel lonely, you can talk with me. I'm good at singing, writing poems and telling stories. I want to be your friend!”可知,Xiaoice可以和你聊天,可以唱歌、写诗、讲故事及成为你的朋友,但是不能陪你出去玩。故本题选A。
3.B　细节理解题。题干意为:这幅画是　　????。根据文中第四个方框中第一段的第三句“But it is not a work by a famous painter, such as Vincent van Gogh.”可知,这幅画不是像梵·高这样有名的画家画的,故A选项不正确;根据该部分第二段可知C、D两项不正确;根据该部分第一段第二句话“It sold for about 3,000,000
yuan!”可知,这幅画在拍卖会上的拍卖价格是大约三百万元,故B选项符合题意。4.C　细节理解题。题干意为:根据文章内容下列哪一项是正确的?根据文章中第三个方框第二段的第三句
“It can work 24 hours without any mistakes.”可知,它可以24小时工作,而且不犯错误。故C选项符合题意。
5.D　推理判断题。题干意为:我们可能在　　????看到这篇文章。根据全文内容可知,文章描述的是人工智能在生活中的运用,这样的文章我们不会在旅游指南、通知或小说中看到。因此,只有D选项正确。
长难句
It can seat 14 people and doesn't need a driver. 它可以坐14人,而且不需要司机。
seat用作名词时,意为“座位”,但在这个句子中,seat用作动词,意为“能容纳……人”。Passage 5(2018重庆A卷,C)
Scientists in Britain and the United States have made a new kind of enzyme(酵素) that eats plastics(塑料). With its help, plastics can be turned into smaller parts and go away quickly. Scientists believe that, in the future, it could solve the problem of plastic pollution.
The enzyme is able to break down PET, a form of plastic. PET was first made in the 1940s and is now widely used to make plastic bottles. It can remain in the environment for many years and pollute large areas of land and water. So it has always been a headache to deal with the waste from PET and other plastics.
The researchers made the discovery(发现) while examining the structure of a natural enzyme in Japan. They found that the natural enzyme was helping to break down PET plastics. So, they decided to make small changes to the enzyme by adding some amino acids(氨基酸). It made the natural enzyme's plastic-eating abilities work faster and better.
John McGeehan, one of the lead researchers, said, “We've made an improved enzyme. It's better than the nat-ural one. And we are trying to make more improvements to it.” He went on, “The enzyme is not harmful to 答案????
[语篇解读]????本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种能分解塑料的酵素。它对环境无害,可以大规模应用以解决塑料污染问题。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的it could solve the problem of plastic pollution可知,酵素可以解决塑料的污染问题,故选D项。
2.D????语义猜测题。上文提到这类酵素能解决塑料污染问题,而只有分解塑料才能解决塑料污染问题,故选D项。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句The researchers made the discovery while examining the structure of a natural enzyme in Japan.可知,研究人员在日本发现了酵素能分解塑料,故选C项。
4.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的we are trying to make more improvements可知,研究人员还在努力改善酵素;根据倒数第二段最后两句The enzyme is not harmful to humans or animals, and it is friendly to the envi-ronment.可知,天然酵素对人、动物、环境无害,排除B、D两项;根据倒数第二段中We've made an improved enzyme. It's better than the natural one.可知,改良过的酵素比天然的更好,排除C项。故选A项。长难句
With its help, plastics can be turned into smaller parts and go away quickly.在它的帮助下,塑料能被转变成更小的部分并且很快消失。
本句中With its help作状语。
重点词汇　pollution n.污染;natural adj.自然的;improvement n.提高,改善
词汇积累　structure n.结构Passage 6(2018山东潍坊,B) 1.Who plays the leading role in making decisions?
A.Cat.　　 B.Marc.
C.Iggy.　 　D.Barney.
2.The underlined word “awesome” probably means　　????.
A.awful　 　B.crazy
C.nervous　　D.fantastic
3.What do we know about the Island Club?
A.It's a new place for the three friends.
B.It's one of the top clubs of UK.
C.Coffee is always free there.
D.Iggy prefers to eat there.答案????
[语篇解读]　这是一个群聊的聊天记录。几个朋友在商量外出活动的事情。
1.C　细节理解题。根据聊天记录,可以看出Iggy为主要发言人,其他人都在问他的意见,另外,聊天记录最后一条Iggy说“I just always have the best ideas.”,故选C项。
2.D　语义猜测题。根据下一句Yeah,my mate Barney knows it, says there's a great DJ, amazing dance music.可知The Island Club有很棒的DJ和舞曲,可以推测awesome应该表示“很棒”的意思。故选D项。
3.A　细节理解题。根据第六个发言框中的Found out about a new place last night, check this out.可知,这对于他们来说是一个新地方。其他三项内容文章都没涉及。故选A项。
重点词汇　contact v.联系;awful adj.糟糕的;violent adj.暴力的
词汇积累　awesome adj.令人惊叹的,极好的Passage 7(2018辽宁沈阳,C)
Imagine having a simple app(应用程序)that works like this:When you need help, just open the app, touch the “notOK”button and a text message will be sent to five pre-selected(预先选定的)people, along with a location(位置)to show where you are. The message reads,“Hey, I'm not OK. Please call me, text me, or come to find me.”
US teenagers Hannah Lucas, 15, and her brother Charlie,13, have created an app called notOK. People just need to pay $1.99(12.5 yuan)each month to use it.
Hannah was inspired(启发)to create the app during a dark time in her life last year. She suffered from a disease that caused her to pass out at school. Other kids sometimes bullied(欺凌)her about this. She felt sad and wanted to find an app that would allow her to get help when she wasn't feeling OK.
She asked her brother Charlie, whose nickname is“Tech Support”, to find such an app. When they couldn't find one, they decided to create one themselves.
They came up with some designs for the app first. Charlie took a programming class last summer and built a website for the app. Hannah also shared her idea in her summer business class. Some app developers showed in-terest and decided to help her. At last, the app came out in the US and Canada on January 31.
Hannah is happy that her app is helping others.“It makes everything I went through last year worth it,”she said.
1.Who will know you're in trouble when you touch the“notOK”button?
A.Five pre-selected people.
B.Five family members.
C.Five app developers.
D.Five close friends.
2.What do the underlined words“text me”in Paragraph One probably mean?
A.Send me a report.　　 B.Send me an email.
C.Send me a message.　　D.Send me an exam.答案????
[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了notOK这一应用程序的发明过程。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中...touch the “notOK”button and a text message will be sent to five pre-se-lected people...可知,但你按下“notOK”按钮时,这个应用程序预先设定好的五个人知道你在困境中。故选A项。
2.C　语义猜测题。根据第一段中...a text message will be sent to five pre-selected people...可知,短信将被发送给预设好的人。此处text用作动词,表示“给……发送短信”。故选C项。
3.D　细节理解题。根据第一、三和六段的内容可知,此应用程序的发明就是为了让人及时获取帮助。故选D项。
4.C　细节理解题。第三段写了Hannah因去年患病受启发要发明一款应用程序,第四段写了Hannah和Char-lie找不到可以获取帮助的应用程序,第五段写了Charlie去年夏天参加了编程课,最终,这款应用程序一月在美国和加拿大发行。文章是按照这个顺序来记叙事情经过的。故选C项。
5.A　推理判断题。根据文章描述可知,此应用程序只需按按钮发出求助短信即可,既简单又有用。而dan-
gerous和 interesting文中未提及。故选A项。长难句
When you need help, just open the app, touch the“notOK”button and a text message will be sent to five pre-selected(预先选定的)people, along with a location(位置)to show where you are.当你需要帮助的时候,只要打开此应用程序,按notOK键,短信便会发送到五个预先选定的人那里,同时会显示你的位置在哪里。
这是一个并列复合句。and连接两个并列分句;前面的分句包括一个when引导的时间状语从句,后面的分句包含一个where引导的宾语从句。
重点词汇　along with连同……一起;create v.创造;allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事;come up with想出;share v.分享,把(想法、秘密等)向别人诉说;come out推出,发行Passage 8(2017安徽,B)
　　Still remember the following poems? Memories return every time I read or hear them.答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是三首关于爱和家庭生活的诗歌。
1.A　推理判断题。根据第一首诗歌中Hush now, my little one和Go to sleep可知,这是一首哄宝宝睡觉的诗歌。故选A项。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第二首诗歌第四行The last thing I kiss every night is her face.以及her指代前文的mama可知,我每晚最后一件事就是亲吻妈妈的脸,故选B项。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第三首诗歌中I can set the table. I can sweep the floor. I can wash my clothes...可知,我在家能做许多家务活。helpful 有帮助的;lucky 幸运的;crazy 疯狂的;shy害羞的。故选A项。
4.C　主旨大意题。第一首诗歌写的是母亲唱的摇篮曲,第二首诗歌赞美温暖的母爱,第三首诗歌写“我”会做许多家务。这些都是关于家庭和爱的。故选C。Passage 9(2016河南,B)Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place?
Lots of people do. And now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they know why. They found that one-half of the brain “remains more awake” than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place.
The sleep findings were reported in Current Biology by Brown University. In their report, the researchers said many people report they have a harder time sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their home. They call it “first-night influence”. “In Japan they say, ‘If you change your bed, you can't sleep,'”said Yuka Sasaki, one of the report's writers. “You don't sleep very well in a new place. We all know about it.”
The researchers measured brain waves(测量脑波) for 35 volunteers over two nights in a laboratory. The two nights were a week apart(间隔). They found during the first night the left half of the brain was more active than the right half. This was during the first deep-sleep period, the researchers said.
Sasaki said a lot of questions remain.
Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long. So, they don't know if the left half keeps “watch” all night, or whether it “works in shifts(轮换) with the right half later in the night”. They also do not know why the brain activity, at least during the first period of deep sleep, is always on the left half.
For some, this research may be calming. It is good to know that our brain is “looking out for us” in a new place. But it may not help with sleep. That brain activity, at least according to this new research, makes it harder to get the sleep people need to wake up well rested in the morning.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1.How many times did the researchers measure brain waves for 35 volunteers?
A.Once.　　B.Twice.　????
C.Three times.　　D.Four times.
2.The researchers found　　????during the first deep-sleep period.
A.the brain waves remained the same
B.the brain activity helped with sleep
C.the right half of the brain kept “watch”
D.the left half of the brain was more active
3.Which of the following is one of the questions that remain?
A.Whether the new bed keeps you from sleeping.
B.How you have trouble sleeping in a new place.
C.Why the brain activity is always on the left half.D.What people can do when they can't sleep well.
4.The underlined word “calming” has the closest meaning to “　　????”.
A.pleasing　　B.different
C.serious　　 D.strange
5.What is the text mainly about?
A.What we will have to do to sleep well.
B.How researchers measure brain waves.
C.Who doesn't sleep well in a new place.
D.Why it's harder to sleep in a new place.答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究者通过对志愿者做测量脑波的实验,了解到在第一个深度睡眠阶段,左脑比右脑积极。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句The researchers measured brain waves for 35 volunteers over two nights in a laboratory. The two nights were a week apart.可知,研究人员在实验室里为35名志愿者在两个夜里测量脑波。这两个夜晚间隔了一周,即一共两次。故选B项。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句They found during the first night the left half of the brain was more active than the right half. This was during the first deep-sleep period, the researchers said.可知,他们发现在第一夜,左脑比右脑积极,这是在第一个深度睡眠阶段。故选D项。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句They also do not know why the brain activity, at least during the first period of deep sleep, is always on the left half.可知,他们不知道为什么大脑的活动总在左脑上,故选C项。
4.A　语义猜测题。根据画线词下一句It is good to know that our brain is “looking out for us” in a new place.可知,知道我们的大脑在一个新的地方关照我们是一件令人愉快的事。由此推断画线词和pleasing意
义最接近。故选A项。
5.D　主旨大意题。文章开头通过设问“你曾经在一个新地方有睡眠的困难吗?”,接着文章围绕这个话题展开,探讨为什么在一个新地方入睡比较困难。故选D项。
Passage 10(2015天津,C)
Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific.It is one of the smallest countries in the world.But for those who are interested in adventure and sport,there is a lot to do.Vanuatu's islands offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world:volcano(火山)surfing and land diving.
Volcano Surfing
On Tanna Island,Mount Yasur rises 300 meters into the sky.Yasur is an active volcano,and it erupts(爆发)almost every day,sometimes several times a day.For centuries,people have climbed this mountain to visit the top.Re-cently,people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano.In some ways,volcano surfing is like surfing in the sea,but in other ways it's very different.Volcano surfers try to escape the erupting volcano—without get-ting hit by flying rocks!It's fast,fun and dangerous—the perfect extreme sport(极限运动).
Land Diving
Most people are familiar with bungee jumping,but do you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old?The activity,first called land diving,is part of a religious ceremony(宗教仪式).A man ties tree vines(树藤)to his legs.He then jumps head-first from a high tower to touch the earth with the top of his head—without breaking the vine.Every spring,island natives(men only)still take part in this amazing activity.
1.In Line 2,what does the word “those” mean?
A.People.　　 B.Animals.
C.Activities. 　　D.Islands.
2.According to the passage,Mount Yasur 　　????.
A.is no longer active
B.is on Pentecost Island
C.erupts almost every day
D.rises 800 meters into the sky
3.Why have people recently started climbing Mount Yasur?
A.People can climb it easily.B.People can make money.
C.People can watch snow on it.
D.People can surf the volcano.
4.Which of the following about land diving is true?
A.It is not dangerous at all.
B.It was first called “bungee jumping”.
C.It is a traditional activity in Vanuatu.
D.It came to Vanuatu from another country.
5.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell people not to do dangerous sports.
B.To explain what volcano surfing and land diving are.
C.To talk about the world's best volcano surfer and land diver.
D.To compare activities in Vanuatu with sports in New Zealand.答案????
[语篇解读]　瓦努阿图是南太平洋上的一个岛国,它有两个运动项目吸引着游客。
1.A　语义猜测题。根据该词所在段落及本句句意可知,对于那些对冒险和运动有兴趣的人们来说,有很多事情可以做。此处指代people。故选A项。
2.C　细节理解题。根据Volcano Surfing部分第二句Yasur is an active volcano,and it erupts almost every day,sometimes several times a day.可知,Yasur火山几乎每天都在喷发。故选C项。
3.D　细节理解题。根据Volcano Surfing部分第四句Recently,people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano.可知,人们爬Yasur火山是为了火山冲浪。故选D项。
4.C　细节理解题。根据Land Diving部分第一、二句...but do you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old?The activity,first called land diving...可知,这是Vanuatu一项有着悠久历史的传统项目。故选C项。
5.B　推理判断题。文章第一段告诉了我们本文的目的是介绍两种活动。故选B项。长难句
He then jumps head-first from a high tower to touch the earth with the top of his head—without breaking the vine. 然后他头朝下从高塔上跳下,用头碰触地面,而不把(绑在腿上的)树藤弄断。
head-first副词作状语;to touch...不定式作目的状语;with the top of...介词短语作方式状语;破折号起解释作用。Passage 1(2018湖北黄冈,A)
Chinese has been added to the graduation exam list by Sophie Scholl, an Italian high school and 29 students will take the test this year. This high school is mainly about language in northeastern Italy. It has become the first school in the country to list Chinese as a graduation exam subject. The Chinese course has been taught at this I-talian school for 5 years, and 145 of its 910 students have chosen to study Chinese. Maria, director of the school, said Chinese will become a global(全球的) language in the future and they set up the course because many stu-dents had asked for it. “There were only a few schools in Italy which provided Chinese courses then, but now, Chinese courses have become an important part of our teaching plan,” she said.
Robert is a student in this school. He is going to take the Chinese test this year. He said that speaking Chinese was not so difficult, but it was difficult for them to understand the same word in different sentences and read Chinese poems, and writing Chinese characters (汉字) was the most difficult part of learning the language. “Al-though learning Chinese is difficult for Italian students, when considering looking for better jobs abroad, China must be my top choice,” he said.C组　教师专用题组1.How many students will take the Chinese test this year according to the text?
A.5.　　B.29.　　C.145.　　D.910.
2.Why have many Italian students chosen to study Chinese?
A.They think Chinese will become a global language in the future.
B.Learning Chinese is easy for Italians.
C.They want to travel to China.
D.They think they can find good jobs only in China.
3.What is the most difficult thing for Italian students to study Chinese?
A.Speaking Chinese.
B.Reading Chinese poems.
C.Understanding the same word in different sentences.
D.Writing Chinese characters.4.Which of the following is not true according to the text?
A.Sophie Scholl is a high school mainly about Chinese.
B.Sophie Scholl has become Italy's first school to list Chinese as a graduation exam subject.
C.Chinese courses have become an important part of their teaching plan.
D.There were only a few schools in Italy which provided Chinese courses then.答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,以意大利一所中学把汉语列为毕业考试科目开头,说明了越来越多的外国人学习汉语以及汉语的国际影响力的提高。
1.B　细节理解题。题干句意:根据这篇文章,今年有多少学生将参加汉语测试?根据第一段第一句可知,汉语被意大利一所中学列为毕业考试科目,今年有29名学生将参加测试,故本题选择B。
2.A　细节理解题。题干句意:为什么许多意大利学生已经选择学习汉语?根据本文第一段学校主管所说内容可知本题选择A。 D项为干扰项,片面强调只能在中国找到好工作,与第二段最后一句中的“当考虑去国外寻找更好的工作时,中国一定是我的首选”不符。
3.D　细节理解题。题干句意:对于意大利学生来说,学习汉语最困难的事是什么?根据第二段中的writing...the language可知,书写汉字是学习汉语最困难的部分,故本题选择D。A选项“说汉语”与第二段中的speaking Chinese was not so difficult(说汉语不是很难)不符;B和C为干扰项,“读中文诗”和“理解不同句子中的同一个词是困难的”与题干中“最困难的”不符,故可以排除。
4.A　 推理判断题。题干句意:根据这篇文章,下面的说法中的哪一个是不正确的?由第一段第二句This high school is...in northeastern Italy.可知,这所中学是意大利东北部主要教授语言的学校,而非主要教授汉语,故本题选择A。
长难句
“There were only a few schools in Italy which provided Chinese courses then, but now, Chinese courses have become an important part of our teaching plan,”she said.她说:“那时候在意大利只有几个提供汉语课程的学校,但是现在,汉语课程已经成了我们教学计划的一个重要部分。”
本句直接引语部分中的but连接前后两个并列分句,前一分句中which引导定语从句,修饰schools。
重点词汇　list n.列表,清单;graduation n.毕业;set up 设置,建立
词汇积累　global adj.全球的;Chinese character汉字Passage 2(2018山东青岛,C)
When your dream is to become a footballer and play for Barcelona, nothing should get in your way—even if you have no feet.
An 11-year-old schoolboy Gabriel Muniz, who was born without feet, will fly from his home in Brazil to take part in the Spanish club's summer training camp. Although he is disabled, Muniz is one of the top players at the school and captain of his gym class. He can run, dribble (运球), pass and strike the ball as well as any of his able-bodied teammates. He spends all his spare time on the football pitch.
His best friend Lucas Santos spoke about his abilities on a video for The Sun, “He is skillful, he goes after it, he is fearless and he knows how to organize plays. He also makes good passes.” Mum Sandra was thrilled that her son would achieve his dreams. She said, “He started walking before he was one. We would go after him, ex-pecting him to keep falling, but he never fell.” Muniz's gym teacher added, “He is challenging the social norms (标准). When he arrived there, no one believed in him.” But he showed to everyone that he could play as well as any other boy. So he was invited to go to Spain to show his talent.The Spanish La Liga soccer club has offered to fly Muniz to Spain in September, where he'll be able to show off his “fancy footwork” and meet his idol, Bar?a soccer player Lionel Messi.
Muniz wears a prosthetic (假体的) ankle and foot to help him get around in rainy weather. He knows that his disability means he'll never be able to play for a professional football team and so Muniz is hoping that football will one day become a Paralympic (残奥会的) sport.
1.Who praised Muniz's football abilities?
A.His idol, Messi.　 　B.His best friend.
C.His mum, Sandra.　　D.His gym teacher.
2.The underlined word “thrilled” in paragraph 3 has the similar meaning to　　????.
A.excited　　 B.worried　????
C.disappointed　　D.interested
3.The time order of the following sentences is Muniz　　????.
①played football well and became captain of his school gym class②could walk without falling when he was very little
③was asked to fly to Spain for a summer training camp
A.①②③　　B.③②①　　C.②①③　　D.②③①
4.We can tell that Muniz　　????according to the passage.
A.has difficulty in living a normal life
B.dreams to play for a professional football team
C.will play football for the Spanish La Liga soccer club
D.hopes that playing football will be part of Paralympic Games
5.Which saying can express the spirit of the passage?
A.Failure is the mother of success.
B.Never put off tomorrow what we can do today.
C.Where there is a will, there is a way.
D.A good beginning