译林版英语选修6Unit 4　Helping people around the world（课件+教案+练习）

勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之！人们的小小善举，让世界充满爱并变得更美好。
About a year ago，a couple with three children moved into the apartment next door to me.I never heard any noise from the children，but the parents were always yelling at them.
We often met.I always spoke，but the only answer I ever got was a hello from a four-year-old girl.
One day when I returned，they were just coming back to their apartment and the little girl was holding the door in the hall open for the others.I remained in the car doing unnecessary things.The parents were telling her to hurry.I looked up and saw the little girl was still holding the door open，waiting for me.I hurried as much as I could and thanked her.She was smiling from ear to ear.
That afternoon I was at the K-Mart and saw a white Teddy bear.I thought of the little girl and said to myself，“I bet she would like it.”So I bought it for her.
The next day there was a knock on the door and it was the little girl and her father.She was so proud of her bear and thanked me.Then I noticed her mother and the other children were there in the hall，too.
Now when we meet in the hall，we all speak in a friendly manner.Last night we had about four inches of snow.The temperature was below zero.When I opened the outside door，there was my car with all the snow removed.The man next door was the only person I knew in the whole building，so when I saw him the next day，I asked him if he was the nice person that removed the snow.He said NO.He wanted to，but his wife said she wanted to do it.
Isn't it amazing that the small kind act of a four-year-old girl can change so many things for the better?
[阅读障碍词]
1．proud adj.　 骄傲的，自豪的
2．manner n. 方式
3．inch n. 英寸
4．temperature n. 温度
5．amazing adj. 令人震惊的
[诱思导读]
1．Why was the little girl holding the door in the hall open?


2．Who removed the snow on the author's car?


[答案]　1.Because she was doing so to let the others in.
2．The wife of the man next door did.
Section Ⅰ　Reading (Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
(　　)1.lack　　　　 A．adj.令人敬重的；值得的
(　　)2.description B．vt.购得；获得，得到
(　　)3.worthy C．n.& vt.缺乏
(　　)4.equal D．vi.& vt.扩展；扩大，增强
(　　)5.voluntary E．adj.志愿的；自愿的
(　　)6.contribute F．adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得
花时间
(　　)7.acquire G．n.描写(文字)，形容，说明
(　　)8.expend H．adj.紧急的，紧迫的
(　　)9.worthwhile I．vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠；促成，导致
(　　)10.urgent J．adj.平等的n.相等物 vt.与……相
同或相等
[答案]　1－5　CGAJE　6－10　IBDFH
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A.引起某人的注意　 B.建立，成立
C．除……以外(还)　 D．在……保护下
E．查阅；抬头看 F．谈到；提到
(　　)1.In addition to a good diet，she keeps on taking exercise to keep fit.
(　　)2.The newly-published book，which refers to basic English grammar，is intended only for beginners.
(　　)3.I beg that you draw your attention to the fact that the boy is underate.
(　　)4.Many previously separate groups are now operating under the umbrella of a single authority.
(　　)5.You may look up the new word in the dictionary.
(　　)6.He set up a charity organization to help the poor children.
[答案]　1－6　CFADEB
The UN — bringing everyone closer together
I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to(谈及，提到)①.The UN is an international organization made up of countries that want to promote world peace②.I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador (亲善大使) for them.Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN operates programmes to help people③.I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.Later I shall tell you about some of the work I have done④.First I should give you a short description (描写) of the UN.
So，when was the United Nations set up？It was set up just after the Second World War，in October 1945 by 51 countries.Today，nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN—192 countries altogether.The UN has four main functions：to keep international peace; to develop friendly relationships among nations; to work together in solving international political (政治的) conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights; and to be a centre for organizing the actions or work of different nations.
联合国——让每个人靠得更近
我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。联合国是一个国际组织，由愿意促进世界和平的国家组成。我很高兴被选为联合国亲善大使。作为一名亲善大使意味着我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。能够担当这个角色，我感到很荣幸。我会在后面告诉你们我所做的一些工作。首先我向你们简单介绍一下联合国的情况。
那么，联合国是什么时候成立的呢？联合国是在第二次世界大战之后于1945年10月由51个国家联合组建而成。今天，世界上几乎每一个国家都是联合国的成员——共有192个国家。联合国有四大功能：维护国际和平；发展各国之间的友好关系；协作以解决国际间的政治冲突和促进对人权的尊重；充当一个组织各国行动或工作的中心。
[助读讲解]　①as引导的是原因状语从句。②that引导定语从句修饰先行词countries，先行词在定语从句中作主语。③that引导的是宾语从句，在从句中又含有where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词countries。④I have done为省略关系代词that/which的定语从句。
As you know⑤，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.The organization is helping end some of the world's most horrible conflicts.The UN does not have its own army.Instead，it borrows soldiers from different countries that belong to the UN⑥.With the help of these armies and other worthy (令人敬重的) organizations，the UN assists the victims (受害者) of wars and disasters.In addition (此外)，the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws，for example，those on child labour and on equal (平等的) rights for minorities and women.
That is a little about the UN.Now let me tell you about the work I have been doing with them⑦.My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary (自愿的)，and as I said before，I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people⑧.So，how do I help by visiting these countries？Well，if I visit these countries⑨，the television and press will follow and record my visits.This will increase people's knowledge of the work of the UN.In addition，my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw local people's attention to (使当地人察觉到) the situation.
正如你们所知，联合国触及世界各地人们的生活。该组织正在协助终止世界上一些最恐怖的冲突。联合国没有自己的军队，而是向所属各成员国借用士兵。在这些军队和其他一些可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。此外，联合国还协助保护人权，致力于改进国际法律，如有关童工和保护少数民族、妇女享有平等权利的法律。
以上是对联合国的简单介绍。现在我要跟大家谈谈我一直在联合国所做的工作。我参与做的联合国的工作不是有偿的，而是志愿的，正如我前面所说的那样，我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。那么，我如何通过访问这些国家来达到帮助的目的呢？是这样的，如果我访问这些国家，电视和报刊等媒体就会跟随我，并记录我的访问过程。这会增加人们对联合国工作的认识。此外，我的访问会鼓励那些致力于联合国项目的人，吸引当地人对有关状况的关注。
[助读讲解]　⑤as引导的是定语从句，as指代后面主语意思是在从句中作know的宾语。⑥that引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries。⑦省略that/which的定语从句修饰先行词the work是在从句中作doing的宾语。⑧where引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries。⑨if引导条件状语从句。
I have visited many countries in Africa.Recently，I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa，where I met some women who have organized themselves into a group⑩.They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed (捐助) by the government.With this，the women have enough money to acquire (获得) materials to make baskets.They then sell these at the market for a profit.With luck their group will be able to expand (扩大) and maybe set up a shop.Such programmes can transform
people's lives by giving them the ability to provide for themselves and their families.There are lots of worthwhile (值得的) programmes like this under the umbrella of (在……的管理下) the UN that have helped millions of people across the world?.
Apart from the urgent (紧急的) problems caused by wars and conflicts，the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education，starvation (饥饿)，disasters，AIDS and other diseases.At a UN meeting in 2000，all of its members agreed to try and meet eight development goals by the year 2015.One of the goals is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone，as in many places water is not safe to drink unless it is boiled(烧开)．?Another is to ensure all children complete primary education.For more information，you may like to look it up on the UN website.So you see，with the work of the UN the world has been brought closer together.
我已访问了非洲的许多国家。最近我够幸运，去了一次南非，在那里我见到了一些妇女，她们自发组成了一个团体。她们每天从每个成员那里募集大约1.35元，将这些钱和政府资助给她们的一些钱加在一起。这样，这些妇女就凑够了钱去购买做篮子的材料。之后，她们就将编织好的篮子拿到市场上销售赚钱。运气好的话，她们的团体会进一步扩大，或许还能开一个店铺。这些项目可以改变人们的生活，使他们有能力为自己和家人提供生活所需。在联合国的管理体系中还有很多此类的重要的项目，它们已经为全世界数以百万计的人提供了帮助。
除了由战争和冲突所引起的各种紧急问题外，联合国还帮助许多国家解决其他问题，如教育缺失、饥饿、灾难、艾滋病和其他疾病。在2000年召开的一次联合国会议上，所有的成员国都同意，到2015年争取实现8个发展目标。目标之一是保证每个人都能够喝到干净的水，因为在很多地方得把水煮沸后才能放心饮用。另外一个发展目标是保证所有的孩子都能够完成小学教育。如果你们想知道更多的情况，你们可以浏览联合国的相关网页。所以你看，由于联合国的工作，全世界的人被拉得更近了。
[助读讲解]　⑩where引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词South Africa，在从句中又含有who引导的定语从句修饰先行词some women。?that引导定语从句，修饰先行词programmes，that在从句中作主语。?that引导宾语从句，其中又含有as引导的原因状语从句，在原因状语从句中又含有unless引导的条件状语从句。
第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P50－51教材课文，选择最佳答案/匹配段落大意
1．Which of the following is NOT the UN's main purpose?
A．To keep international peace.
B．To develop friendly relationships among nations.
C．To co-operate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights.
D．To be a centre of economy and culture in the world.
[答案]A
2．Paras.1～3　 A．The problems the UN helps to
solve and the goals they will reach.
3. Paras.4～5 B．Working as a UN Goodwill
Ambassador and a brief introd-uction to
the UN.
4．Para.6 C．The work which the author has
Been doing with the UN.
[答案]　2－4　BCA
第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P50－51教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．When was the UN set up?
A．In October 1945.　 B．In November 1945.
C．In October 1950. D．In November 1950.
2．Which of the following is NOT the UN's main purpose?
A．To keep international peace.
B．To develop friendly relationships among nations.
C．To work together in solving international political conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights.
D．To be the centre of economy and culture in the world.
3．What occupation does Tang Ning take up in the UN?
A．The Secretary-General.
B．A Goodwill Ambassador.
C．The spokesman.
D．A clerk.
4．How much money does she earn by doing the job?
A．She earns a lot.
B．She gets no salary for the job.
C．She earns some，though not much.
D．It isn't mentioned in the article.
5．What project or projects has she been involved in?
A．She helps develop the world's education.
B．She helps deal with such problems as poverty and disasters.
C．She visits countries where the UN has programmes to help people.
D．She visits the poorest areas in the world.
【答案】　1－5　ADBBC
第三步　研读——能力升华　接轨高考
根据P50－51课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The UN is an international organization 1.consisting(consist)of countries that want 2.to promote(promote)world peace.It was set up just after the Second World War by 51 countries 3.while today 192 countries altogether.The UN has four main functions：to keep international peace；to develop 4.friendly(friend)relationships among nations；to work together in solving international political conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights；and to be a centre for 5.organizing (organize) the actions or work of different nations.
Apart from the urgent problems 6.caused(cause)by wars and conflicts，the UN helps countries 7.with other problems such as lack of education，starvation，disasters，AIDS and other 8.diseases (disease)．At a UN meeting in 2000，all of its members agreed to try and meet eight 9.development(develop)goals by the year 2015，one of 10.which is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone and another is that all children complete primary education.
课件42张PPT。Unit 4　Helping people around the worldSection Ⅰ　Reading (Ⅰ)(Welcome to the
unit & Reading)
consistingto promotewhilefriendlyorganizing
causedwithdiseasesdevelopmentwhichThank you for watching !Section Ⅱ　Language points(Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1．Owing to lacking (缺少) experience，he did not do the job well.
2．Would you give me a general description (描写) of your present job?
3．The accident victims (受害者) have been taken into intensive care.
4. Many young workers gave up their days off to do voluntary (志愿的) labour.
5．He has made an important contribution (贡献) to the company's success.
6．They have acquired many skills in these few years.
7．China exports many raw materials to foreign countries every year.
8．You'd better spend your time on some worthwhile reading.
9．I am afraid you have not realized how urgent the matter is.
10．All over the world many people still suffer from starvation．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．politics n．政治→ political adj. 政治的；政府的
2．describe vt.描述 →description n．描写(文字)，形容，说明
3．contribute v．捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→contribution n．贡献；捐赠
4．urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的→urgency n．紧急；迫切
5．starve v．(使)挨饿→ starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死
v.＋-ation→n.
admiration n．钦佩；赞赏
expectation n．期望；盼望
preparation n．准备；预备
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．take on　　 担当(某一角色)
2．under the umbrella of 在……的保护下
3．refer to 谈到，提到；与……相关，
涉及；查阅，参考
4．feel honoured 感到荣幸
5．in addition 除……以外(还)，此外
6．add...to．.. 把……加到……
7．look up 查阅；抬头看
8．draw one's attention to 引起某人的注意；使某人觉察到
9．be available to 可被……利用或得到的
10．set up 建立；成立
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
2．There are many shops around the railway station.In addition，there are some newly-built hotels there.
3．This paragraph refers to the events of last year.
4．The Congress set up a special committee to investigate the matter.
5．He drew my attention to a point I had overlooked.
take＋adv.→动词短语
set＋adv.→动词短语
take out 带出去
take up 开始从事
take back 收回
set off 出发；动身
set down 放下
set apart 使分开
1．This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
过去这块地难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。
[记句式结构]
此处为“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，其中不定式作状语。
[仿写促落实]
His handwriting is difficult to make out．
他的笔迹很难辨认。
2．I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.
能够担当这个角色，我感到很荣幸。
[记句式结构]
句中的to have been...是不定式短语作原因状语。
[仿写促落实]
She was pleased to have overcome the difficulty．
她很高兴已经克服了这个困难。
3．Neither did I.
我也不知道。
[记句式结构]
“neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语”结构表示前面所述否定情况也适用于后者。
[仿写促落实]
If you don't go to see the movie，neither will I．
如果你不去看电影，我也不去。
4．Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN operates programmes to help people.
作为一名亲善大使意味着我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。
[记句式结构]
-ing短语作主语，谓语动词为单数。
[仿写促落实]
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们来帮忙对我们来说是很大的鼓舞。
lack n．&vt.缺乏
(教材P49)When there is a lack of food，there is hunger.
哪里缺乏粮食，哪里就有饥荒。
(1)(a)lack of　 缺少，不足；没有
(2)lack sth. 缺少某物
lack for 缺少；需要
(3)lacking adj. 缺乏的，不足的
be lacking in 缺乏，不足
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五)This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.
这种情况就是动力或动力的缺乏所导致的。
②The plant died for lack of water.
这株植物因缺水而枯死了。
③Vital information is lacking in the report.
报告中缺少至关重要的信息。
refer to谈及；提到；与……相关；
涉及；查阅；参考
(教材P50)I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.
我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。
　写出下列句中refer to的含义
①We can refer to an encyclopedia (百科全书)for information about this subject.
查阅，参考
②Don't refer to this matter again，please.
提到
③The new law does not refer to land used for farming.
涉及
④What he said at the meeting doesn't refer to you.
指的是
(1)refer...to...　 把……提交给……；向……请教
refer to...as... 把……称作……
(2)reference n. 谈到，提及；参考
in/with reference to 关于
⑤I don't want to refer this patient to an irresponsible doctor.
我不想把这个病人交给一个不负责任的医生。
⑥This book refers to Asian problems.
这本书涉及亚洲的问题。
⑦Smoking is usually referred to as a bad habit.
抽烟通常被认为是坏习惯。
[名师点津]　
①短语refer to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语。
②refer to表示“查阅，参考”时，相当于consult，其宾语为词典、书籍等名词，而look up表示“参考，查阅”时的宾语是查阅的内容。
honour v．使……感到荣耀，给……荣誉，尊敬
n．敬意，荣誉
(教材P50)I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.
能够担当这个角色，我感到很荣幸。
(1)be/feel honoured to do 做……感到荣幸
(2)honour n. 荣幸；尊敬
do sb.honour＝do honour to sb.
对某人表示敬意；成为……的荣誉
do sb.the honour of doing 给予某人……的荣幸；
做……而给予某人面子
have the honour of doing/to do
有做……的荣幸
in honour of 为了表示对……的敬意，为纪念……
it's an honour to do sth. 很荣幸做某事
①There's a party tonight in honour of our new president.
今晚有个庆祝新总统就任的聚会。
②We would be honoured if you would visit us.
＝Would you honour us by visiting us?
承蒙光临寒舍，不胜荣幸。
③It is a great honour to receive (receive) that prize.
能得到那个奖是无上的荣耀。
description n．描写(文字)，形容，说明
(教材P50)First I should give you a short description of the UN.
首先我向你们简单介绍一下联合国的情况。
(1)give a description of 形容；描述
beyond description 无法形容；难以描述
(2)describe vt. 描述
describe...as... 把……描述成……；把……说成……
①We asked her to describe what kind of things she did in her spare time.
我们请她描述一下她业余时间都在做什么。
②He gave me a good description of what he had seen in Japan after the big earthquake.
他把他看到的日本大地震后的一切向我做了充分的描述。
③The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful beyond description.
西湖风景美得难以形容。
equal adj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物
vt.与……相同或相等
(教材P50)In addition，the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws，for example，those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women.
此外，联合国还协助保护人权，致力于改进各种国际法律，如有关童工和保护少数民族、妇女享有平等权利的法律。
(1)be equal to 等于；胜任
be equal in 在……方面相同；相等
equal rights 平等的权利
(2)without equal 无与伦比
(3)A equal(s)B A与B相等；比得上
(4)equally adv. 同样地，平等地
①He is a player without equal.
他是个无与伦比的运动员。
②We don't think he is equal to his new job.
我们认为他无法胜任他的新工作。
③She treats the people who work for her as her equals (equal)．
她把为她工作的人作为她的同等的人来对待。
④We should be treated equally(equal)．
我们应该受到同等的对待。
draw(sb.'s)attention to使(某人)察觉到
(教材P51)In addition，my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw local people's attention to the situation.此外，我的访问还会鼓励那些致力于联合国项目的人，吸引当地人对有关状况的关注。
catch/attract sb.'s attention 吸引某人的注意力
bring sth.to sb.'s attention 使某人关注某事
turn sb. 's attention to 把某人的注意力转向
pay attention to 注意
①The news shocked the public，attracting people's attention to students' safety at school.
这个消息震惊了公众，吸引了人们对学生在校安全的关注。
②Our teachers always pay attention to combining (combine) theory with practice.
我们的老师们经常注重理论联系实际。
contribute vt.&vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致
(教材P51)They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.
她们每天从每个成员那里募集大约1.35元，将这些钱和政府资助给她们的一些钱加在一起。
(1)contribute...to... 把……贡献给……
contribute to 有助于，促成，是……的成因之一
(2)contribution n. [C]贡献；捐款
make a contribution/contributions to
对……做出贡献；为……捐献
①It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum of money to the Red Cross.
她很大方，向红十字会捐助了这么大一笔钱。
②Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
诚实加苦干有助于获得成功和幸福。
③He made a very positive contribution (contribute) to the overall success of the project.
他对项目的全面成功做出了非常积极的贡献。
[图形助记]　contribute用法多
捐款，贡献　　　　导致，促成　　　　投稿
Kind-hearted people contributed money to the poor kid，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote an article about this and contributed it to a magazine.
好心人为这个贫穷的孩子捐钱，这使得他能够重返校园，一位作家为此写了一篇文章，并向某一杂志投了稿。
acquire vt.购得；获得，得到
(教材P51)With this，the women have enough money to acquire materials to make baskets.
这样，这些妇女就凑够了钱去购买做篮子的材料。
acquire sth.　　　 学到；获得
acquire a taste for sth. 开始喜欢
acquire a knowledge of 学会……
acquire a habit of 养成……的习惯
①We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English.我们必须努力以便学好英语。
②How long does it take to acquire (acquire) a habit?
养成一种习惯需要多长时间？
expand vi.&vt.扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强
(教材P51)With luck their group will be able to expand and maybe set up a shop.
运气好的话，她们的团体会进一步扩大，或许还能开一个店铺。
expand into/to 使扩大，变大，将……扩展(充)成……
expand on/upon 详述；详细阐明
①He expanded his short story into a book.
他把他的短篇小说扩充成了一本书。
②The manager asked you to expand on/upon your opinion.
经理让你详述你的看法。
worthwhile adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
(教材P51)There are lots of worthwhile programmes like this under the umbrella of the UN that have helped millions of people across the world.
在联合国的管理体系中还有很多此类的重要的项目，它们已经为全世界数以百万计的人提供了帮助。
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.做……是值得的
①High prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad.
英国的高价足以使买主把视线转向国外。
②It's worthwhile to visit/visiting (visit) the Great Wall.
长城很值得游览。
[明辨异同]　worthwhile/worthy/worth
worthwhile
在句中可作表语、定语和定语补足语。常用句式：
①It is worthwhile＋to do/doing sth.
②主语＋动词＋it＋worthwhile＋doing/to do sth.
worthy
在句中可作表语和宾语。常用句式：
①be worthy of＋n./being done
②be worthy＋to be done
worth
在句中只作表语。常用句式：
①be worth＋钱数/名词
②be(well)worth＋doing sth.
　worthwhile/worthy/worth
③Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
④It is worthwhile asking him to join the club.
⑤In my opinion，the film is worthy of being seen.
(教材P50)I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them.我很高兴被选为联合国亲善大使。
[要点提炼]　句中“to have been chosen”是动词不定式的完成时的被动式，表示被动和完成。
如果动词不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式表示的动作的承受者而非发出者，就要用动词不定式的被动形式。动词不定式一般式的被动时由“to be＋动词的过去分词”构成，动词不定式的完成时的被动式由“to have been＋动词的过去分词”构成。
①It is crazy of him to have done such a thing.
他干了这样一件事真是疯狂。
②He asked to be sent(send) to work in a middle school.
他要求被派到一所中学工作。
③He is said to have been admitted(admit)to Peking University.
据说他已经被北京大学录取了。
(教材P53)Neither did I．我也不(知道)。
[要点提炼]　此句属于“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一主语”句型，意为“……也不……”。
①I didn't go there and neither/nor did Mary.
我没去那儿，玛丽也没去。
②My father has never been to Britain and nor has my mother.
我爸爸从没有去过英国，我妈妈也没去过。
(1)“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一主语”这一倒装结构说明前面所述的情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也一样”。
(2)“so＋同一主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示对前面所说的情况进一步肯定或确认，意思是“确实如此，正是那样”。
(3)So it is with...＝It is the same with...意为“……也一样”，上文中含有不同的谓语或既有肯定也有否定的内容。
③The boy failed to pass the exam.So did his sister.
那个男孩没有通过考试。他妹妹也是。
④—It was careless of you to do that.
——你那样做很粗心。
—So I was．
——的确如此。
⑤He is a student and studies in No.1 Middle School.So it is with Mary．
他是一名学生，在一中学习。玛丽也是。
1．(教材P50)Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN operates programmes to help people.
[分析]　句中主语是动名词短语being a Goodwill Ambassador，谓语是means，that引导宾语从句，且该从句中含有where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词countries。
[翻译]　作为一名亲善大使意味着我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。
2．(教材P51)My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary，and as I said before，I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.
[分析]　句中and作并列连词，连接两个并列分句：第一分句为简单句My job with...voluntary；第二分句为复合句，as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话的内容，主句为I visit countries...，其中又含有where引导的限制性定语从句。
[翻译]　我参与做的联合国的工作不是有偿的，而是志愿的，正如我前面所说的那样，我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．My feeling at that moment was beyond description (describe)．
2．Two men volunteered to search (search) for the missing climber.
3．No delay! We urgently (urgent)need these books.
4．Armed with the information you have gathered，you can set about preparing your business plan.
5．—Is your uncle still working here?
—I'm afraid not.He is said to have left (leave) the company already.
6．When I mentioned the problem，I wasn't referring to all of you.
7．The teacher asked if there was someone who was voluntary (volunteer)to help these who were in poverty.
8．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be equally (equal) respected.
9．It is said that this work is under the umbrella of the National Research Center.
10．He has made an important contribution (contribute) to the company's success.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．No one equals him to strength.
to→in
2. In addition French，he can also speak English.
French前加to
3．Be sure to pay attention to protect the environment and think of others while travelling.
protect→protecting
4．Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and lack of exercise.
lack前加a
5．I don't think he is equal to do this kind of work，so I can't hire him.
do→doing或去掉do
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Tom不相信她说的每句话，警方也不相信。
Tom didn't believe a word she said，and neither did the police．(neither)
2．这套公寓住起来很舒适。
The flat is comfortable to live in．(comfortable)
3．人的能力并不都是一样的。
Not all men are equal in ability．(equal)
4．我尽量不让他们察觉到我论证中的弱点。
I tried not to draw their attention to the weak points in my argument.(draw)
5．帮助了你我十分高兴。
I am only too glad to have helped you．(help)
课件70张PPT。Unit 4　Helping people around the worldSection Ⅱ　Language points(Ⅰ)(Welcome
to the unit & Reading)victimslackingdescription
exportsvoluntarycontributionacquiredstarvationworthwhileurgent
politicaldescriptioncontributeurgentstarvation
onoftofeel
intouptotouprefers totake onIn additiondrew my attention toset upis difficult to make out to have overcome the difficulty neither will I Their coming to help
ofin提到查阅，参考指的是涉及
as to receive beyondofequallyequalscombining contributiontoto acquire on/uponintoto visit/visiting
worthworthworthwhileworthyto have been chosen to have been admittedto be sentNeither did I So it is with MarySo I wasaboutdescriptionto searchurgentlyvoluntaryto have lefttocontributionequallyunderto→inFrench前加toprotect→protectinglack前加ado→doing或去掉doare equal in abilityneither did the policeis comfortable to live into have helped youto draw their attention to点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅲ　Grammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.If you had asked him yesterday，you would know what to do now.
2.He looks as if he had seen a ghost.
3.He looks as if he were an artist.
4.If only the alarm clock had rung.
5.If only I were you！
6.I wish he had visited us last night.
7.I would rather (that) I had not seen it.
8.I would rather you painted the wall green next time.
9.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
10.It is time that the children went/should go to bed.
1.句1中从句的谓语动词为had asked，是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；主句的谓语动词为would know，是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
2.由句1、2、3、4可以看出，as if从句和if only后的句子常用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟用过去完成时，如句2、4；表示对现在的虚拟用一般过去时(be动词常用were)，如句3、5。
3.由句6、7、8可以看出，wish和would rather后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟用过去完成时，如句6、7；would rather后接的宾语从句中若表示对将来的虚拟用一般过去时，如句8。
4.在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的词如suggest，order，command，require等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词常用(should)＋动词原形，如句9。
5.由句10可以看出，在句型“It is time that...”中，从句的谓语动词既可以使用一般过去时，也可以使用should＋动词原形。
一、错综时间条件句(混合条件句)
当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now.
如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。
If he were free today，we would have sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话，我们就派他去北京了。
[即时训练1]　用所给词的适当形式填空
①If you had studied (study)hard before，you would be (be)a college student now.
②If you hadn't lost the map，we would be (be)back in the hotel now.
二、含蓄虚拟条件句
有时虚拟的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而是暗含在单词、短语或上下文中，这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断此时需要采用的形式。常用词或短语有：with，without，but for，or else，or，otherwise等。
But for her help，they couldn't have run over the mountain in such a short time.
要不是她的帮助，他们不会在那么短的时间内翻过那座山。
I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
我那天病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。
He must have been there，or he never could know the place so well.
他一定去过那儿，否则他决不会如此了解那个地方。
[名师点津]　
有些句子中没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气，这时，要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么是隐含在上下文中。
I would do anything for her.
我会为她做任何事情。(省略了if I could)
We would have given out an urgent message.
我们本来可以发布一则紧急通知的。(省略了but we were uncertain about it)
[即时训练2]　句型转换
①What would you do if you had a million dollars?
→What would you do with a million dollars?
②We would not have finished the work on time if you had not helped us.
→We would not have finished the work on time without your help.
③If there were no electricity，life would be quite different today.
→ Without electricity，life would be quite different today.
④If it had not been for the rain，we would have finished the work.
→ But for the rain，we would have finished the work.
三、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
(一)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1．wish后的宾语从句
时间
谓语动词的虚拟形式
对现在的虚拟
一般过去时(be用were)
对将来的虚拟
would/could＋动词原形
对过去的虚拟
过去完成时
I wish(that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.(现在)
我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。
I wish I hadn't made such a mistake.(过去)
我希望我没有犯过这样的错误。
I wish I would live up to the expectations of my parents and teachers in the College Entrance Examinations.
我希望在高考中我不会辜负父母和老师的期望。
[即时训练3]　用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I wish I had slept (sleep)longer this morning，but I had to get up and come to class.
②I wish your company expanded (expand)the business.
2．在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用一般过去时来表示对现在或将来的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
I would rather I had attended the party yesterday.
我情愿我昨天去参加那个聚会了。
I would rather they left next week.
我宁愿他们下周离开。
[即时训练4]　用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I would rather you came (come) with us.
②I would rather I had returned (return)the book yesterday.
3．在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
一坚持：insist
二命令：order，command
三建议：suggest，propose，advise
四要求：request，require，demand，ask
The doctor advised that he (should) take more exercise.
医生建议他多锻炼。
His health required that he (should) go to bed early.
他的健康状况要求他早睡。
[名师点津]　 suggest表“暗示，表明”，insist表“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不用虚拟语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。
[即时训练5]　完成句子
①医生建议病人立即被送往医院。
The doctor suggested that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay.
②天空中的乌云表明即将要下雨了。
The dark clouds in the sky suggested that it was going to rain.
③她坚持要求预订座位。
She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.
④那位年轻人坚持说他从未见过那个钱包。
The young fellow insisted that he had never seen the wallet.
(二)虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
1．“It is important(necessary，strange，natural，a pity等)＋that从句”句型中，从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
It is necessary that I (should) return it right now.
我有必要马上把它还回去。
It's a pity that he (should) have failed in the exam.
他考试竟没有及格，真是遗憾。
2．“It is ordered(suggested，requested，required，proposed等)＋that从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language.
学生们被要求应当学一门外语。
[即时训练6]　完成句子
①真奇怪他竟然那样对待他的父母。
It's strange that he (should) have acted toward his parents like that.
②人们建议会议推迟到下周。
It's suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.
(三)虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用
在表示建议、命令、要求、愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。这类名词有：advice，suggestion，order，demand，proposal，request，desire等。
He made the demand that we (should) go at once.
＝His demand was that we (should) go at once.
他要求我们马上去。
[即时训练7]　
将下面两个句子合并为一个含同位语从句的复合句
We all agreed to his suggestion.
He suggested us going to Dalian for sightseeing.
→We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.
(四)虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用
1．even if(though)，as if(though)从句以及if only后的句 子常用虚拟语气
时间
谓语动词的虚拟形式
对过去的虚拟
had＋过去分词
对现在的虚拟
一般过去时(be动词常用were)
对将来的虚拟
would/could/might＋动词原形
It sounds as if you had a good time.
听起来你好像过得很愉快。
If only I had seen the film!
我要是看了那部电影多好啊！
[名师点津]　
even if(though)如果叙述的是事实，as if (though)如果有明显的迹象表示“有可能实现的事实”时，不用虚拟语气。
It is so cloudy.It looks as if it is going to rain.
天阴得很，似乎要下雨。
2．It's (high/about) time后的从句用虚拟语气
从句谓语动词常用过去时，也可用should＋动词原形，should一般不能省略。
It's time (that) we had/should have a meeting to talk about the problem.
该开个会讨论一下这个问题了。
[即时训练8]　单句改错
①If only I have taken your advice earlier.
have→had
②Even if he was here，he couldn't solve the problem.
was→were
③He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he is a Chinese.
is→were
④It is high time you go to school.
go→went/should go
3．其他常见的用虚拟语气的情况
由lest(以免)，for fear that(生怕，唯恐)和in case(以防)引导的状语从句可用虚拟语气，谓语形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。
The little boy hid himself behind a big tree for fear that his father (should) see him.
小男孩把自己藏在一棵大树后，恐怕他的父亲会看到他。
I let them go out lest I (should) be bothered.
我让他们去了外面，免得他们打扰我。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is time that the government took/should take (take) measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
2．The order is that everyone (should) give (give)a five-minute talk in class.
3．He talks as if he had been (be)in the USA for many years.
4．If only you had told (tell) me the truth before.
5．Without cars，people's life would be (be)very inconvenient today.
6．I'd rather you had seen (see)the film yesterday.
7．His smile suggested that he had succeeded (succeed)in this exam.
8．It is required that middle school students (should) take (take)at least one hour to do exercise every day.
9．The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students (should)be given (give)two weeks to prepare for the exam.
10．He insisted that they (should)show (show)him their passports.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．He talks as if he knows all about it.
knows→knew
2．If only I can speak several foreign languages！
can→could
3．I wish I am rich.
am→were
4．I insisted that he be wrong.
be→was
5．Her expression suggested that she be angry.
be→was
6．It is high time that you teach him a lesson.
teach→taught/should teach
7．If I was you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night.
was→were
8．I would rather he has passed the driving test.
has→had
9．They insisted the boy went with them.
went→go
10．But for the rain，we have finished the work.
we后加would
课件43张PPT。Unit 4　Helping people around the worldSection Ⅲ　Grammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)
过去现在过去完成时一般过去时wereshould＋动词原形过去完成时一般过去时(should)＋动词原形It is time that...一般过去时would behad studiedwould be
withoutwithBut for the rainWithout electricity
expandedhad slepthad returnedcameit was going to(should) be senthad never seen(should) be booked(should) have acted(should) be put offWe all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing. go→went/should gohave→hadwas→wereis→werehad toldtook/should take(should) givehad beenwould behad seenhad succeeded(should)show(should) take(should)be givenknows→knewcan→couldam→werebe→wasbe→wasteach→taught/should teachwas→werehas→hadwent→gowe后加wouldThank you for watching !Section Ⅳ　Language points(Ⅱ) (Word power，Grammar and usage & Task)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1．He is faced with two alternatives (选择)：continuing his studies or finding a job.
2．He spent his childhood in the remote (遥远的) mountain area.
3．Unfortunately，they lost all their possessions (财产) in the fire.
4．It seemed that the mountainous (山一般的)waves would turn the ship over.
5．We should unite to fight poverty (贫穷)and disease.
6．This is by no means a good way to make a living.
7．Primitive man-made tools from sharp stones and animal bones.
8．We have obtained permission from the directors to use some of our funds.
9．These troublesome things have made him restless.
10．The waiters get good tips over and above their wages．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．possess vt.拥有，具有→possession n．个人财产；拥有，具有
2．mountain n．山→mountainous adj.多山的
3．contain vt.容纳，包含→container n．容器，集装箱
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．consist of　 由……组成
2．aim to do sth. 力争做某事
3． even if 即使
4．if only 但愿；要是……就好了
5．ahead of 在……之前；领先
6．break down 出故障；抛锚
7．be faced with 面临，面对
8．by means of 通过……方式
9．in need 需求
10．thanks to 幸亏
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．If only I had a sister like you!
2．My bike broke down when I went to school.
3．The club consists of more than 200 members.
4．Don't give up when you are faced with difficulties.
5．Even if there are many challenges in our daily life，we still overcome them.
1．I would rather you hadn't told me about it.
我宁愿你还没有把那件事告诉我。
[记句式结构]
would rather后接从句，从句要用虚拟语气。
[仿写促落实]
I would rather you hadn't told him the news that day.
我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。
2．...it is clear that UNICEF would not be so popular had it not done so much for children.
……很明显，如果联合国儿童基金会没有为孩子们做了这么多事情，它就不会如此地受欢迎。
[记句式结构]
it is＋adj.＋that...句型，其中it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
[仿写促落实]
It is very important that everybody keeps the rules.
大家都遵守规则是很重要的。
3．There is little money coming to their families and often they cannot afford...
他们几乎没有什么家庭收入，时常买不起……
[记句式结构]
句中含有there be句型，该句型中，现在分词短语作定语。
[仿写促落实]
There is a boy at the door waiting for you．
门口有个小男孩在等着你。
4．...and there is often only one teacher to teach all the children even though they are of different ages.
……而且常常只有一位老师教不同年龄的所有孩子。
[记句式结构]
此处为“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构，表示一类人或事物。
[仿写促落实]
His opinion is considered to be of great value．
他的意见被认为很有价值。
consist of由……组成/构成
(教材P55)It consists of the first letters of each word of the name.它是由该名称的每个单词的首字母构成。
(1)consist in　　 在于；存在于
consist with 与……一致；符合
(2)consistent adj. 一致的；始终如一的
be consistent with 和……一致；相符
①The true wealth does not consist in what we have，but in what we are.
真正的财富不在于我们拥有什么，而在于我们是什么样的人。
②That consists with our principle.
那与我们的原则相一致。
[名师点津]　
①consist of不用于进行时和被动语态，相当于be made up of 或be composed of。
②consist in相当于lie in。
alternative adj.可供替代的
(教材P57)If I had taken an alternative path and studied medicine，I would know a lot of medical knowledge.如果我选择别的道路，去学医的话，我会了解很多的医学知识。
(1)alternative n．　 可供选择的事物
have no alternative but to do 除了……外别无选择
(2)alternatively adv. 要不，或者，两者挑一地
①Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?
你有别的办法来解决这一问题吗？
② We have no alternative but to go (go) on.
除了继续下去，我们别无选择。
③The agency will make travel arrangements for you.Alternatively (alternative)，you can organize your own transport.
旅行社将为你安排旅行，或者你也可以自行安排交通工具。
if only 但愿，要是……就好了；只要
(教材P57)If only there were more people donating money to charities!
要是能有更多的人为慈善机构捐款就好了！
(1)if only...意为“要是……就好了”。主要用于虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。表示与现在相反的愿望用过去时；表示与过去相反的愿望用过去完成时；表示与将来相反的愿望用would/could/might＋do。
(2)only if...意为“只有……才……”。only是副词，if引导的是条件状语从句；only if...放在句首，主句用倒装。
①I am sure you will succeed if only you try hard.
我确信，只要你努力，必定会成功。
②Only if another 300，000 yuan is available can he buy the small house.
只有再拿30万元，他才买得起那栋小房子。
③If only I had (have) the chance!
我要是有这次机会就好了！
④If only she would marry (marry) me!
她要是能和我结婚该多好！
possession n．个人财产；拥有，具有
To save his daughter，he can give up all his possessions.为救女儿，他可以放弃他的所有财产。
(1)in possession of　 占有，控制
in the possession of 被……占有，在……控制之下
have/take possession of 拥有，占有
(2)possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配
be possessed by 被……拥有
①He is in possession of a small company.
＝He takes possession of a small company.
他拥有一家小公司。
②He was arrested and charged with possessing(possess) an offensive weapon.
他被捕并被控拥有攻击性武器。
means n．手段，方法；财富，钱财
(教材P59)Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages—no one has the means to pay them.
医疗保健是非常有限的，因为在村子里没有医生和护士——谁都没钱付给他们。
by means of　 用……；凭借……
by all means 可以，当然行；没问题
by no means 一点也不；绝不
by this/that means 用这/那种方法
a man of means 有钱人
live beyond one's means 入不敷出
live within one's means 量入为出
①All means have been tried.
一切办法都试过了
②People should pay according to their means.
人们应该按照各自的负担能力来消费。
③She is by no means poor：in fact，she's quite rich.
她可不穷，其实她很富。
④Try to live within your means.
要尽可能量入为出。
[名师点津]　
①作为“方法，手段”，means单复数相同。当means由every/each/any/a修饰作主语时，谓语动词用单数；当means由these/those/all修饰作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
②作为“财富，钱财”，means是复数名词。
obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；获取
(教材P59)The trees around the villages are gone，so people have to walk further and further away to obtain wood for cooking and heating.村庄周围的树木都消失了，所以人们不得不走越来越远的路以获得做饭和取暖的木材。
(1)obtain sth.by doing sth. 通过做某事获取某物
obtain sth.from sb./sth. 从某人/物获得某物
(2)obtainable adj. 可获得的；可得到的
①He obtained a driver's license after three-month training.
培训三个月之后，他获得了驾照。
②Details can be obtained from the Department of Education.可以从教育部获知详情。
break down出故障；抛锚；(计划)失败，谈判破裂；分解
(教材P59)However，if the pump breaks down，repairing it can be troublesome，as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.然而，如果水泵坏了，修理它可能会很麻烦，因为必须找住得最近的工程师来修理。
①Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。
②A big fire broke out last night，but luckily，all the people escaped.昨晚爆发了一场大火，但幸运的是，所有人都逃出来了。
③The famous singer broke through the crowd and went into the hall.
那位著名的歌手挤过了人群进入了大厅。
(教材P56)I would rather you hadn't told me about it.我宁愿你还没有把那件事告诉我。
【要点提炼】　would rather后接从句，从句要用虚拟语气。一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况，过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。would rather中rather是副词，所以would rather后接动词原形。
①He is a writer，or rather a novelist.
他是一位作家，更确切地说是一位小说家。
②I would rather he paid(pay)us the money tomorrow.
我宁愿他明天付给我那些钱。
③I would watch TV at home rather than go(go)to the cinema.
我宁可在家看电视也不愿去看电影。
[名师点津]　
①would do...rather than do...结构中，有时为了表示语气上的强调，可将rather than置于句首。
②would rather后还可接动词的完成式，表示主语要做某事，而结果却事与愿违。
(教材P57)From what you have said，it is clear that UNICEF would not be so popular had it not done so much for children.根据你所说的，很明显如果联合国儿童基金会没有为孩子们做这么多事情，它就不会如此地受欢迎。
[要点提炼]　what引导宾语从句，作from的宾语；it作形式主语，that引导主语从句作真正主语，该从句又是虚拟条件句，其中的状语从句had it not...是倒装句。
(1)It＋be＋形容词(certain，clear，good，funny，natural，likely，obvious，possible，probable，true，wonderful，etc.)＋that从句(常用陈述语气)
(2)It＋be＋形容词(important，necessary，essential，etc.)＋that从句(用虚拟语气)
①It was clear that he wasn't interested in your speech.
很明显他对你的演讲不感兴趣。
②It is important that he (should) attend(attend) meetings every day.
他每天都要出席会议，这很重要。
③It is necessary that we should obey(obey)the rule.
我们有必要遵守这条规则。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is known to all that a baseball team consists of nine players.
2．Listen! The song being sung (sing) is very popular with the students.
3．The keys are in the possession (possess) of the caretaker.
4．If only I had (have) more money，I could buy the computer.
5．Thoughts can be expressed by means of music.
6．Negotiations between the two sides have broke down．
7．The professor is a man of short height.
8．It is important that students (should) attend (attend) all the lectures.
9．There is a man sitting (sit) on the bench over there.
10．Full details are obtainable (obtain) from any post office.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．I think your plan is very good，but do you have an alternative of replacing it？
of→to
2．The fact is that the big house is in possession of my uncle.
in后加the
3．He let himself down slowly by the means of listening to a song.
去掉the
4．I had to break in the room as I had lost the key.
in→into
5．If only I did not left there so early yesterday.
did→had
6．It is certain they will come next week.
certain后加that
7．Every means have been used to deal with it.
have→has
8．Success consists of diligence.
of→in
9．He had no alternative but wait.
but后加to
10．There are 500 people attend the conference.attend→attending
课件50张PPT。Unit 4　Helping people around the worldSection Ⅳ　Language points(Ⅱ) (Word power，Grammar and usage & Task)alternativespossessionsremote
mountainouspovertymeansPrimitivewagesobtainedtroublesomecontainerpossessionmountainous
ofaimevenif
ofdownwithofintoEven ifIf onlybroke downconsists ofare faced withhadn't told him the news It is very important that waiting for you to be of great value with Alternativelyto gowould marryhadpossessing withinby no meansfrom through outwould rather gopaidit is clear that should obey(should) attendbyofbeing sungpossessionhad
downof(should) attendsittingobtainableof→toin后加the去掉thein→intodid→hadcertain后加thathave→hasof→inbut后加toattend→attending点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅴ　Reading(Ⅱ)(Project)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
(　　)1.commitment　　 A．adj.空着的，未被占用的
(　　)2.colleague B．n.住所；藏身之处
(　　)3.assistant C．vt.提醒，使想起
(　　)4.vacant D．n.承诺，保证；投入，奉献
(　　)5.damp E．n.障碍，隔阂；屏障
(　　)6.shelter F．adj.潮湿的
(　　)7.crowd G．n.角度
(　　)8.remind H．n.同事
(　　)9.barrier I．n.人群 vi.& vt.挤满，塞满
(　　)10.angle J．n.助理，助手adj.助理的，副的
[答案]　1－5　DHJAF　6－10　BICEG
Ⅱ.选择下列句子中词组的汉语意思
A．处于混乱状态 B．有作用(关系，影响)　C．挤满
D．让人想起 E．回想　F．得到；抓住
(　　)1.She never likes to be reminded of the past.
(　　)2.The kitchen was in chaos，because she had no time to clean it.
(　　)3.He got hold of a railway timetable and looked up all the trains to London.
(　　)4.I agree that everyone can make a difference as long as he tries to.
(　　)5.Sitting by the table and looking at the photographs，I began to think back to my schooldays.
(　　)6.Mount Tai is crowed with people in the National Day every year.
[答案]　1－6　DAFBEC
第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P62－63教材课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Which of the following activities wasn't the author involved in?
A．The burial of dead bodies.
B．The comforting of local people.
C．The cleaning of the health centre.
D．The building of a comfortable hospital.
2．The author arrived at the island to find everything was ．
A．in order　　　　 B．in chaos
C．in danger D．in good condition
3．While in Sudan，the author and the other members of the medical team gave children shots to stop them dying from diseases in ．
A．cities B．villages
C．schools D．hospitals
4．When the author thinks back to what she has done since joining Doctors without Borders，she feels ．
A．nervous B．sorry
C．lucky D．surprised
5．It can be learned from the text that ．
A．the staff in Doctors without Borders were seldom in danger
B．the author felt afraid when giving shots to local people
C．many people in the flooded area had psychological problems
D．the damage to the island was repaired soon by the local government
[答案]　1－5　DBBCC
第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P62－63教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)。
1．The situation the author stayed was extremly bad. (　　)
2．Walls and damp weather made cuts and wounds difficult to recover. (　　)
3．Crowds of people fought with each other for a lack of food. (　　)
4．The author was good at communicating with local people. (　　)
5．What the author does now changes the whole world. (　　)
[答案]　1－5　TFTTF
第三步　研读——能力升华　接轨高考
根据P62－63教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When we arrived，everything was 1.in chaos.The hospital is in a mess and can't 2.be used(use)at the moment.It's difficult 3.to travel(travel)because the whole island is flooded.4.Luckily(luck)，we found a vacant health centre yesterday and we are going to set up a temporary clinic there.Medicine is in great need.Meanwhile，shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.
One good thing is 5.that many people can speak English or French.So it is 6.easier (easy) to communicate with them.It seems that most people need to talk and 7.be listened(listen)to.As a result，I work more than a nurse，I also act as a 8.listener(listen). 9.Thinking(think)back to all the experience，I find 10.it worthwhile and helpful.
课件16张PPT。Unit 4　Helping people around the worldSection Ⅴ　Reading(Ⅱ)(Project)Luckilyinbe usedto travel
thateasierbe listenedlistenerThinkingitThank you for watching !Section Ⅵ　Language points(Ⅲ)(Project)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1. I made a commitment (承诺) to him to pay all of the debt.
2．The teacher said that he would like to choose an assistant (助手) among us.
3．When the post finally fell vacant (空缺的)，they offered it to Bob.
4．We drove along a muddy (泥泞的) lane to reach the farmhouse.
5．The umbrella is a poor shelter (遮蔽物) from heavy rain.
6．The avenues of the area were crowded with visitors.
7．At every moment I was reminded of the difficulties we have.
8．The teaching staff of this school are excellent.
9．They soon overcame the language barrier．
10．He can always get on well with his colleagues．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．commit v．承诺；投入；犯(错误)→commitment n．承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事
2．vacant adj.空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的→vacancy n．空缺；空处
3．crowd n．人群 vt.挤满，塞满，使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
4．remind vt.提醒，使想起→reminder n．提醒者
n.＋-ous→adj.
v.＋-(e)d→adj.
dangerous adj.危险的
humorous adj.幽默的
poisonous adj.有毒的
balanced adj.平衡的
interested adj.感兴趣的
moved adj.感动的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．in chaos　　 处于混乱状态
2．in a mess 杂乱不堪
3．put on weight 发胖
4．from place to place 从一地到另一地
5．get hold of 得到；抓住
6．remind sb.of 让人想起……，提醒某人
7．think back to 回想
8．make a difference 有作用(关系、影响)
9．be crowded with 挤满
10．be limited to doing sth. 在做某事上被限制
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．When I think back to my days in the remote village，I feel warm.
2．The photos often remind him of the golden years of his life.
3．It makes a difference to me what you will say about my performance.
4．Where can I get hold of some stamps?
5．He has put on weight since he gave up smoking.
get＋adv.＋prep.→动词短语
prep.＋n.→副词短语
get away of 逃避
get along with 进展；相处
get down to 着手做某事
at war 在交战中
at peace 在和平中
under control 在控制中
1．However，that campaign was conducted in villages where there was lots of fighting，far from the city.
然而，那次活动是在战乱频繁的乡村进行的，那儿远离城市。
[记句式结构]
where引导限制性定语从句，修饰villages，并在从句中作状语。
[仿写促落实]
We shall visit the school tomorrow where your father has worked for many years.
我们明天去参观你父亲工作了很多年的学校。
2．...there is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.
……到处一片泥泞，使得从一个地方到另一个地方的行程变得很困难。
[记句式结构]
“动词＋形式宾语it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”结构。
[仿写促落实]
The cold weather made it difficult to walk around that morning.
那天上午寒冷的天气使行走变得困难。
3．It seems that many people here just need to talk...
在这里，很多人似乎只是需要交谈……
[记句式结构]
It seems that...“似乎，好像……”，it作形式主语。
[仿写促落实]
It seems that you've made a mistake.
好像你犯了个错误。
commitment n．[C，U]承诺，保证；[C]已承诺的事，不得不做的事；[U]投入，奉献(常与介词to连用)
(教材P62)Changing the world—my commitment
改变世界——我的承诺
(1)make a commitment(to sb./sth.)
　　　　　　　　　　 (对……)做出承诺
carry out one's commitment 履行承诺
a commitment to do/doing 做……的承诺
(2)commit vt.&vi. 承诺；犯(错误、罪)；
忠于；全心全意投入
commit oneself/sb.to(do/doing)sth.
承诺做某事
commit to sb./sth. 全身心地投入……
①We've made a commitment to help，and we will.
我们已经答应帮忙，并且一定会做到。
②If you commit a crime you can never escape being punished.
你要是犯罪就逃脱不了受惩罚。
③The President is committed to reforming (reform) health care.
总统承诺改革卫生保健制度。
[名师点津]　
表示“承诺；保证”，commit常用于被动语态。
in chaos处于混乱状态
(教材P62)Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.
到达这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。
in chains　 在囚禁中
in rags 衣衫褴褛
in ruins 废墟
in tears 泪眼汪汪
in return 作为报答
in a mess 杂乱不堪
①I found them in tears contrary to my expectation.
我出乎意料地发现他们在哭。
②Walking in the street，I often see beggars in rags.
走在大街上，我经常看到一些衣衫褴褛的乞讨者。
get hold of得到；抓住
(教材P62)One of the health problems is that people who need to take medicines regularly cannot get hold of them in a disaster such as this.有关健康的问题之一是，在像这样的灾难中，那些需要定期服药的病人无法得到药品。
catch hold of　 抓住，捉住，握住；占有
get rid of 除去；摆脱
get away with 逃避
get along with 进展；相处
get down to sth./doing sth. 着手做某事，开始做某事
①He caught hold of my arm and dragged me home.
他抓住我的胳膊，把我拽回家。
②Bad habits are not easy to get rid of once they are developed.
坏习惯一旦养成，就很难改掉。
remind vt.提醒，使想起
(教材P63)It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.这使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间，当时人们哄抢食物，有好几名无国界医生组织的工作人员受到了攻击。
remind sb.of/about sth.　 提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind(sb.)＋that/how/what...
提醒
①The old picture reminded him of his childhood.
那张老照片使他想起了童年。
②Please remind me that I must call him up before noon.
请提醒我在中午前给他打个电话。
③I must remind you to call (call) me at 7：00 tomorrow morning.
我得提醒你明天早晨七点给我打电话。
[名师点津]　
与remind sb.of sth.结构类似的短语还有很多，如rob sb.of sth.，inform sb.of sth.，convince sb.of sth.，warn sb.of sth.，accuse sb.of sth.等。
think back to回想，回顾
(教材P63)When I think back to all the experiences that I have had around the world since joining Doctors without Borders，I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile.回想起我加入无国界医生组织以来在世界各地的所有经历，我觉得自己非常幸运，能够帮助别人，做一些有价值的事情。
think of　 考虑；想出；想象
think up 想出；编造出
think highly/well of 高度评价
think little/badly of 认为不好；评价不好
①Can't you think up a better excuse than that?
难道你想不出一个比那更好的借口吗？
②Most of us think highly of him.
我们大多数人对他评价很高。
make a difference有作用(关系，影响)
(教材P63)I know I can't change the whole world，but I'm proud that I can help here and there，and make a difference to people's lives.我知道我无法改变整个世界，但我很自豪，因为我能处处给人们提供帮助，改变他们的生活。
make some difference to 与……有些关系
make much difference to 与……有很大关系
make all the difference to 对……关系重大；使大不相同
make no difference to 与……没有关系
①It makes no difference to me whether you are rich or poor.你是富是穷与我毫无关系。
②The weather makes much difference to the production.
天气对产量有较大的影响。
(教材P62)．..there is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.
……到处是一片泥泞，使得从一个地方到另一个地方的行程变得困难。
[要点提炼]　本句为简单句，making...为分词短语在句中作结果状语。
make it difficult to travel为make的复合结构：it是形式宾语，后边的不定式短语是真正的宾语。英语中有些动词，如：find，feel，think，make等后面可跟复合结构，在这种复合结构中，真正的宾语可以是不定式、动名词或that从句等，而it作形式宾语。
①He made it a rule to check his homework carefully before handing it in.
他总是把家庭作业仔细检查一遍才上交。
②I think it important to learn English well.
我觉得学好英语是很重要的。
③Do you consider it necessary to send more people over there?
你认为有必要再派一些人去那儿吗？
(教材P63)It seems that many people here just need to talk，so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse.
在这里，很多人似乎只是需要交谈，所以，我发现我的工作不仅仅是做护士。
[要点提炼]　(1)这是一个并列复合句。so连接两个分句，第一个分句中it seems that为固定句型，表示“似乎，好像”，it充当形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。
(2)第二个分句中that引导一个宾语从句作finding的宾语。
It seems that...　　　看起来……
It seems as if... 看起来……，似乎……
There seems to be... 好像有……
①It seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller.＝The world seems to be getting smaller and smaller.世界好像正在变得越来越小。
②It seems as if it were autumn.
现在看起来就像是秋天一样。
③There seemed to be a voice in the distance.
似乎远处有人说话。
[名师点津]　
it seems that可转换成：
sb./sth.seem(s)to do sth.
sb./sth.seem(s)to be doing sth.
sb./sth.seem(s)to have done sth.
1．(教材P62)One of the health problems is that people who need to take medicines regularly cannot get hold of them in a disaster such as this.
[分析]　句中that引导的是表语从句；who引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词people。
[翻译]　有关健康的问题之一是，在像这样的灾难中，那些需要定期服药的病人无法得到药品。
2．(教材P63) It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.
[分析]　where引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词Sudan；as引导的是原因状语从句。
[翻译]　这使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间，当时人们哄抢食物，有好几名无国界医生组织的工作人员受到了攻击。
3．(教材P63) When I think back to all the experiences that I have had around the world since joining Doctors without Borders，I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile.
[分析]　when引导的是时间状语从句，其中又含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词experiences；主句中feel后的that引导的是宾语从句。
[翻译]　回想起我加入无国界医生组织以来在世界各地的所有经历，我觉得自己非常幸运，能够帮助别人，做一些有价值的事情。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When he fell into the river，he got hold of a log and climbed up.
2．Be sure to remind her to come (come) back early.
3．There are three candidates for the vacancy(vacant)．
4．Football is played in more than 160 countries，making (make) it popular all over the world.
5．Both sides committed themselves to settling (settle) the dispute peacefully.
6．Shops were crowded (crowd) with customers looking over the colourful displays.
7．I make it a rule to take a short walk after supper.
8．After the earthquake，the area was in chaos：no electricity，roads blocked，injured people everywhere.
9．Your support will certainly make a difference (differ) in our cause.
10．They walked along a muddy (mud) road and there was a lot of mud on the road.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．I've committed to attend the farewell dinner for a long time.
committed前加been或to前加myself
2．I was reminded for what I have seen in Chicago when hearing the song.
for→of/about
3．It will make difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
make后加a
4．That tone makes me think back my childhood.
back后加to
5．A number of new machines were installed in the factory，thus result in an increase in production.
result→resulting
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．他们发现和我们中国人在一起工作很愉快。
They found it pleasant to work with us Chinese.(find)
2．年轻人都到大城市打工去了，家里只留下老人和孩子。
The young people go to work in big cities，leaving the elderly and their kids at home．(leave)
3．我匆匆忙忙去了学校，结果发现是周日。
I hurried to school，only to find that it was Sunday.(only)
4．和他们会面并不表示我们会承诺什么。
Meeting them doesn't mean that we'll commit ourselves to anything．
5．转学对我的一生有着重大影响。
Changing schools made a big difference to my life．
课件53张PPT。Unit 4　Helping people around the worldSection Ⅵ　Language points(Ⅲ)(Project)
vacantcommitmentassistant
muddysheltercrowdedremindedstaffbarriercolleagues
commitmentvacantcrowdremind
ininonfromtoof
oftoawithto
think back toremindofmakes a differencehas put on weightget hold ofwhere your father has worked made it difficult to walk around It seems that reforming in of thatto callof to making it difficult to travel it necessary to sendit important to learnthatIt seems thatThere seemed to be
ofto comevacancymakingsettlingcrowdeditinmuddydifferencecommitted前加been或to前加myselffor→of/aboutmake后加aback后加toresult→resultingfound it pleasant to workleaving the elderly and their kids at homemade a big difference to my lifeonly to findwe'll commit ourselvesto anything点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅶ　Writing——如何写建议信
[文体指导]
建议信是针对某事向收信人提出建议和忠告的一种文体。建议信有可能是写给个人——就遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法，也可能是写给某个组织或机构——就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。建议信要写明写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由，提出的理由要合情合理，语气一定要和缓。
基本结构
1．首段：表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。
2．主体段落：提出具体建议。同时用事实来证明建议的正确性和必要性。
3．尾段：对提出的建议进行总结，表达希望建议得以采纳，问题得以解决的愿望。
1．开头：
I'm sorry to know that you have some trouble/difficulty/problems in...after reading your letter.
You asked me for my advice on ...and it's my great pleasure to give you some suggestions/advice/tips.
Thanks for trusting me.I'd like to give you some advice.
I am writing to express my views concerning...
I am writing to share some advice on...with you.
However，the situation is easy to change if you take my advice.
Here are a few suggestions/tips which I think may be helpful to you.
2．给出建议：
I feel that it would be more beneficial/helpful if you could ...
I would like to suggest that...
In my opinion，you should...
It is better to...
I strongly recommend that you...
It does help if you...
It is a good idea for you to...
If I were you，I would...
You'd better ...
3．建议的理由：
The reason why...is that...
It not only can...but also can...
It is because...
The reason for it is that ...
4．结尾：
These are personal suggestions，but I do hope that they will be of some help.
I hope you will make great progress in...as time goes by.
I will be more than happy to see improvements you can make in...
I am looking forward to your good news.
I hope you will find these suggestions/this advice of some use/help.
I will be ready to discuss this matter in more detail.
If you have more problems，please don't hesitate to contact me.
5．常用衔接词：
(1) firstly/first，secondly/second，last but not least，to start with，finally，in the end；(2) on the one hand，on the other (hand)；not only...but also；(3)what's more，in addition (to)，besides
假如你是李华，请根据下表内容给中国野生动物保护协会CWCA(China Wildlife Conservation Association)的会长写一封建议信。
问题
1990年藏羚羊(antelope)的数量大约为100万只，现在只剩不到10万只，数量急剧减少
原因
为了获取藏羚羊的皮毛，牟取暴利，非法捕杀藏羚羊的现象仍然时有发生
建议
利用贵协会的影响力加大对藏羚羊保护的宣传力度；增加用于藏羚羊保护的资金；建议贵协会派出一些志愿者来协助保护藏羚羊
注意：词数100左右。
体裁
建议信
时态
一般现在时
主题
建议保护藏羚羊
人称
第一、三人称
结构
第一步：表明写作意图，陈述事由。
第二步：提出具体建议。同时用事实来证明建议的正确性和必要性。
第三步：对提出的建议进行总结。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．wool n．　 (羊等的)绒，毛
2．by means of 凭借
3．obtain 获得
4．illegal adj. 非法的
5．as a result 结果
6．make a great difference 产生大的影响
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．据报道，为了羊毛，大量的藏羚羊正被非法猎杀。
It is reported that too many Tibetan antelopes are being hunted and killed illegally for their wool.
2．显而易见，那些非法捕猎者可以获得大量利润。
Clearly，the illegal hunters can obtain great profits．
3．我建议一些志愿者被派往那里帮助保护藏羚羊。
I suggest that some volunteers should be sent there to help protect the Tibetan antelopes.
4．但愿我的建议对藏羚羊更好的未来会有重大影响。
If only my suggestions could make a big difference to the better future of the Tibetan antelopes.
(二)句式升级
5．用It is clear that...结构改写句2
It is clear that the illegal hunters can obtain great profits.
6．用that引导表语从句改写句3
My suggestions is that some volunteers (should) be sent there to help protect the Tibetan antelopes.
7．用I hope that...改写句4
I hope my suggestions could make a big difference to the better future of the Tibetan antelopes.















[参考范文]　
Dear President，
I'm writing to give some suggestions to further protect the Tibetan antelopes.It is reported that too many Tibetan antelopes are being hunted and killed illegally for their wool.It is clear that the illegal hunters can obtain great profits by means of selling the wool.As a result，the number of the Tibetan antelopes is decreasing rapidly from about 1，000，000 in 1990 to less than 100，000 at present.
Immediate measures must be taken to solve the present problem.First，the importance of protecting the Tibetan antelopes should be publicized through your association.Second，would you provide more money for the conservation of the Tibetan antelopes？Last but not least，my suggestion is that some volunteers (should) be sent there to help protect the Tibetan antelopes.
These are my suggestions and I hope they could make a big difference to the better future of the Tibetan antelopes.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
课件25张PPT。Unit 4　Helping people around the worldSection Ⅶ　Writing——如何写建议信
woolby means ofobtainillegalas a resultmake a great differencecan obtain great profitsIt is reported thatmy suggestions could make a big differenceshould be sent there to help It is clear that the illegal hunters can obtain great profits. My suggestions is that some volunteers (should) be sent there to help protect the Tibetan antelopes. I hope my suggestions could make a big difference to the better future of the Tibetan antelopes.点击右图进入…点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时分层作业(十)　Section Ⅰ、Ⅱ
(建议用时：35分钟)
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The island is equally (equal)attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.
2．The lecture is worth listening (listen) to，though it is rather long.
3．Many millionaires and billionaires are keen on contributing to charities.
4．The death and destruction were beyond description (describe)．
5．His elder sister is lacking (lack)in patience.
6．The woman always referred (refer) to his husband as “my old man” when he was alive.
7．So far as I know，English is not difficult to learn (learn)．
8．I am sorry to have kept (keep)you waiting for such a long time.
9．He's uncertain whether he is equal to the task.
10．In addition (add)，you should pay attention to your pronunciation.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．I hope your suggestions will contribute the solution to the problem.
contribute后加to
2．Frances is hard to get on.
on后加with
3．Where do you believe he put the book？
he后加has
4．He is a very worth man.
worth→worthy
5．He has made great contribution to a space development program.
made后加a
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A millionaire took some of his upper-class friends yachting(乘游艇)．They passed a deserted island where a man with a long beard and worn clothes stood，waving his arms and screaming in their direction.“Who is that？” asked a friend.“I don't know，”said the host，“but every time we sail by he goes crazy.”
That may be an exception to a universal rule，which is that most people are happy to help if they can.But there is another universal principle—unless you are stranded(使滞留)on a deserted island，you are probably unwilling to ask for help，especially from a stranger.Thankfully，most of the time，we are not coping with a “mayday”emergency.
I recently learned that the word “mayday”has nothing to do with the month of May.Instead，it comes from the French word“m'aidez”，which means“help me”．But it is used only as a last choice.The plane is nose-diving.The ship is badly wounded.“Mayday！Mayday! Mayday！”a voice screams over the radio.If help doesn't arrive quickly，all will be lost.
In truth，most people do not easily ask for the help they need.They wait until they are hopelessly lost or a simple job has become a nightmare before they seek help.And it is also true that help is not usually too hard to get.But we have to ask for it.
A businessman，Brian Tracy，puts it well，“Ask for what you want.Ask for help，ask for input，ask for advice and ask for ideas—never be afraid to ask.You don't always get what you ask for，but you never get what you don't ask for.”
Do you need help？It may be easier to get than you think.Just ask for it.
【语篇解读】　作者以一个反例开篇，告诉人们应该敢于向他人寻求帮助。
1．What can we learn about the man on the deserted island?
A．He was the millionaire's friend.
B．He wanted to get to know the millionaire.
C．He was likely in great trouble.
D．He wanted to join the millionaire in yachting.
C　[推理判断题。从第一段的“with a long beard and worn clothes”可知此人的情况不太好，可能有麻烦。]
2．We know from the second paragraph that ．
A. people often don't want to help strangers
B．most people won't refuse to help someone in need
C．people usually are too careful to actively offer help
D．most people don't know how to deal with an emergency
B　[细节理解题。从第二段的“most people are happy to help if they can”可知B项正确。]
3．Brian Tracy's words were quoted to ．
A．call on people to help others
B．point out when to ask for help
C．show it is easy to get help
D．encourage people to ask for help
D　[推理判断题。根据Brian Tracy说的话可知他是在劝告人们要勇于寻求帮助。]
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．A millionaire's holiday
B．An introduction to “mayday”
C．Where to get help
D．Be brave and ask for help
D　[标题归纳题。文章用一个反例开篇，旨在告诉人们只有向别人寻求帮助才有可能得到回应，文章的中心思想是劝告人们及时向他人求助。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Camping is an American tradition，and especially important for families. 1
★Time together
Camping allows you to spend quality time as a family.Most family members are too caught up in their everyday lives to stop and spend time with each other.At home there are just too many distractions，such as televisions. 2 On a camping trip one can spend time with one's kids and form a real relationship.
★ 3
Another great reason to go on a camping trip is to teach kids things like respect for nature and outdoor survival skills—things that just can't be learned adequately from books.
★Camping is cheap
4 You will save on air travel，accommodations，food，and other expenses.
★Outdoor activities
On camping trips，people don't just stay in their tents the whole day. 5 These include bird watching，wildlife viewing，hiking，mountain climbing，fishing，swimming，and playing games with kids.
A．Camping trips are inexpensive compared to regular vacations.
B．Instead of doing activities together，they may just sit there and watch TV.
C．They can do lots of enjoyable and worthwhile activities.
D．Learning
E．Enjoying nature and relaxing
F．Here are four important reasons.
G．Activities should be colorful.
【语篇解读】　对美国家庭来说，野营是一项非常重要的活动。野营也已经成为美国人的习俗，本文简短地介绍了原因和这一活动的由来。
1．F　[考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。通读全文，第一段介绍说野营在美国的重要性，下文主要说明产生这一现象的原因，F选项承上启下，符合题意。]
2．B　[考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文介绍说，美国人很少有机会能够享受和孩子在一起的时光，下句说野营时，父母能够与孩子培养感情，形成稳定的亲情。此处缺少一个转折关系的句子，B选项符合题意。]
3．D　[考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据第三段中to teach kids things可知，本段主要内容为介绍野营对孩子的教育功能，故D选项正确。]
4．A　[考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段标题Camping is cheap可知，本段主要介绍野营的花费很低，“和常规活动相比，野营是很便宜的活动。”故答案为A。]
5．C　[考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段标题Outdoor activities可知，本段主要介绍野营时的户外活动，下句These include...可知，此处缺少的是承上启下的成分，故C项符合题意。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Being an astronaut and exploring outer space might possibly be the most exciting and coolest thing.Strangely enough，many astronauts face the opposite of 1.
(excite)—boredom.
You might wonder 2. astronauts could possibly get bored in space.Actually，it's possible 3. (get) bored with just about anything.Imagine spending six months on the International Space Station.The first few days and even weeks would be filled with 4. (vary) new experiences.Sooner or later，5. ，you'll get bored spending all your time in the same place，eating the same food，and doing the same things over and over again.
There 6. (be) many ways astronauts deal with boredom in space.Although they don't have many 7. (choice) we have on the earth，they can do many of the same things we do to avoid boredom.They might talk to family and friends on the Internet.They could read books，listen to music，watch movies and play cards.Sometimes they 8. (simple) look out of the windows，watching the earth from a great distance.
Is it 9. big problem that astronauts get bored? Absolutely.Longtime boredom can lead to astronauts 10. (suffer) from serious health problems.
【语篇解读】　成为一名航天员去探索太空可能会被认为是一件非常激动人心、非常酷的事。但事实上，长时间的太空飞行会让航天员感到枯燥乏味，有很多方法可以应对枯燥乏味。
1．excitement　[空白处所填词在句中作介词of的宾语，故需用excite的名词形式。]
2．how　[句意：你可能好奇宇航员在太空怎么可能会感到枯燥无聊。此处填how，引导宾语从句。]
3．to get　[It is＋adj.＋to do sth.表示“做某事是……的”，不定式短语作句子真正的主语]
4．various　[空白处所填词在句中修饰名词experiences，故需用vary的形容词形式。]
5．though/however　[本句与上一句存在转折关系，故此处填表示转折意义的副词though或however。]
6．are　[根据上下文语境可知，此处用一般现在时；be动词后面接的是可数名词复数形式，故填are。]
7．choices　[many修饰可数名词复数，故填choice的复数形式。]
8．simply　[空白处所填词在句中修饰谓语动词，故用simple的副词形式。]
9．a　[句意：宇航员感到无聊是个大问题吗？]
10．suffering　[本句中 astronauts suffering from serious health problems是动名词复合结构作lead to的宾语。]
课时分层作业(十一)　Section Ⅲ、Ⅳ
(建议用时：35分钟)
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If only I had given (give) him a hand when he was in trouble.
2．Is (be) there any means of containing him?
3．The class consisting (consist)of 80 students is hard to manage.
4．It is certain that most of the farmers have earned a lot of money.
5．He insisted that they (should) show (show) him their passports.
6．The last chance has been lost.How he wishes he would have (have) one more!
7．Chongqing is a mountainous (mountain) city of China.
8．The telephone system has broken (break)down，so I can't give him a call.
9．Without your financial support，they would not have overcome (overcome) the setbacks.
10．How did the painting come into your possession (possess)?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．经理说如果他们提交的计划不被接受，他们还有一个替代计划。
The manager said that they had an alternative plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.
2．看我的困境，我要是听你的建议就好了。
Look at the trouble I am in！If only I had followed your advice．
3．这个小组由十个人组成。
The group consists of ten people．
4．确保在你走之前关上收音机。
Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out.
5．他对待这个小女孩就像她是自己的亲生女儿一样。
He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter．
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Once again，I was in a new school.So was a girl in my class named Paris.That's where the similarities ended.I was tall and she was short.I was one of the oldest in the class while she was the youngest.I was awkward (笨拙的) and shy.She wasn't.I couldn't stand her，considering her my enemy.But she wanted to be friends with me.
One day，she invited me over and I said yes－I was too shocked to say no.Actually no one had invited me over to play before.But this girl，who wore the latest fashions，wanted to see me.
She lived on the fourth floor in a two-room place with her mother，her stepfather，her two brothers and her sister.When we got to the room she shared with her sister，she took out a big case of Barbies which was my next surprise.I would have thought she'd outgrown (长大而放弃) them.I had never played with them.But we sat on the floor of a walk-in cupboard laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies.That's when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older.We both had wild imaginations.
We had a great day that afternoon.Our jaws (下巴) ached from smiling so much.She showed me her outfits(全套服装)，which had mostly come from a designer clothing store (时装设计店) down the block.The woman who owned it used her as a model sometimes for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange.
Paris had the whole neighborhood attracted.The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines，the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free pieces.Soon I was included in her magic world.We slept over at each other's houses，and spent every free moment together.My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall.
Paris，my first real friend since childhood，helped me get through the tough teenage years and taught me an amazing thing about making friends：your “worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend.
【语篇解读】　作者回忆了转学后，与女同学Paris由相识、敌对到和睦相处，最后成为最要好的朋友的过程以及作者内心的感受。
1．Which of the following is most probably the best title?
A．A story about Paris
B．An unlikely best friend
C．Life in a new school
D．A secret of how to make friends
B　[标题归纳题。作者在文中回忆了最初结识Paris的时候，觉得不能忍受她，所以把她当成自己的敌人，后来她们成了最要好的朋友。故选B。]
2．The writer and Paris were similar in that ．
A．both of them were new students
B．both of them were friendly
C．both of them were tall
D．both of them were the youngest in class
A　[细节理解题。从第一段中的“Once again，I was in a new school.So was a girl in my class named Paris.”可以看出两人都是刚到这所学校。故答案为A。]
3．In the article the writer describes Paris as a girl who was ．
A．awkward and shy
B．fashionable and proud
C．quiet and lonely
D．friendly and lovely
D　[推理判断题。从第二段对两人的对比及下文对Paris的描述中可以看出，Paris跟作者(“awkward and shy”)不同，她既友善又可爱。]
4．From the article，we can see that through her friendship with Paris，the writer ．
A．found she and Paris had more similarities than differences
B．was able to fit in at her new school with Paris' help
C．was not so awkward or shy as before
D．learned more about fashion herself
C　[推理判断题。从倒数第二段中的“My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall.”可以看出，和Paris的友谊对作者帮助很大，作者不再像以前那样害羞了。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
Living one's life is really like driving on a highway.First，to make a good driving，the driver must carefully examine the 1 of his car，just as he cares for his health for a good life.Once he enters into the highway，he must 2 certain rules for his own safety.It also can be said that he must obey certain rules of 3 when living as a decent(体面的)adult.For example，on the highway，he is 4 to keep a constant speed which can be compared with his 5 activities through his life.Neither driving nor living must be taken at too 6 a speed nor at too slow a speed.If he drives too 7 ，the police will give him a ticket，just as he will be arrested when he breaks the law. 8 too conservatively(保守地)，he will be called an out-of-date person 9 the others driving at the proper speed.When he wants to change his lanes，he must give careful 10 to every direction of his car.It is sometimes 11 to change the way of life 12 he can be sure of completion by doing so.He 13 not make any unnecessary changing of lanes which gives him only danger.Finally，he must 14 where he is now by recognizing some 15 appearing now and then.If he takes the wrong way，he must return to the right as 16 as he can.But he may thus lose 17 and energy both on the road and in life. 18 the whole，driving on a highway and living one's life are both hard work. 19 if he is careful and serious enough， 20 will provide him much pleasure.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章把人们应如何把握好自己的人生跟在公路上开车做了巧妙对比，生动形象，浅显易懂。
1．A.seat　　　　 B．condition
C．petrol D．passenger
B　[开车前首先检查车的“状况”，正如人们关心自己的健康一样。其他选项表示的意义都太片面。]
2．A.listen to B．find
C．follow D．insist on
C　[follow...rules“遵守……规则”。]
3．A.society B．school
C．group D．highway
A　[由常识可知，人们要生活得好，必须遵守“社会”准则。]
4．A.glad B．required
C．made D．anxious
B　[require sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，被动语态为be required to do sth.。]
5．A.broken B．outdoor
C．good D．continuous
D　[与前文的constant形成对照，人一生“连续不断”的活动正像在高速路上连续不断的开车。]
6．A.large B．high
C．limited D．expected
B　[由后面的too slow可知，人们无论是开车还是生活都应保持适当的速度，不能太“快”，也不能太慢。]
7．A.speedily B．slowly
C．orderly D．willingly
A　[由后面遭到“罚款”可知，此处是车速“太快(speedily)”。]
8．A.Doing B．Acting
C．Going D．Working
B　[此处指人们如果“行为”太保守，就会影响他人。]
9．A.persuading B．getting
C．interrupting D．refusing
C　[生活中“行为(act)”过于保守就会落伍，就像开车太慢也会“阻止、中断(interrupt)”别人的行程一样。]
10．A.notice B．attention
C．signs D．regards
B　[开车时，人们必须集中“注意力”，看好每一个方向。故用give careful attention to＝pay careful attention to，其他选项都不合题意。]
11．A.dangerous B．worthy
C．unfit D．troublesome
A　[在生活中，有时随便改变方向是“危险的”。]
12．A.if B．when
C．unless D．because
C　[开车要换车道时，须“小心、注意(give careful attention to)”车的方向，正如人生要改变目标时一样是“危险的”，“除非”有把握。]
13．A.dare B．need
C．may D．should
D　[有风险时，人们“不应该”改变车道。]
14．A.think B．discover
C．prove D．look
B　[开车时必须要“发现”自己的位置所在。]
15．A.signs B．roads
C．posters D．people
A　[人们应不时地辨认“标志”，来“发现”自己所处的位置。]
16．A.possible B．soon
C．much D．hard
B　[如果走错了路，人们应“尽快”回到正确的路线上来。]
17．A.money B．luck
C．time D．trust
C　[走错了方向时应“尽快”改变，但消耗“时间和精力”在所难免。]
18．A.In B．With
C．About D．On
D　[on the whole“总的说来”。]
19．A.Therefore B．But
C．And D．Then
B　[与前文形成转折关系。从正反两方面说明人们怎样才能生活得好，因此此处只能用转折连词but。]
20．A.it B．he
C．they D．you
C　[they指的是driving on a highway and living one's life这两件事情。]
课时分层作业(十二)
(建议用时：35分钟)
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The old valuable castle used to be in the possession of the Smiths.
2．There is a heated (heat) debate on the role of education throughout the country nowadays.
3．After the meal，she placed a little box containing (contain)an old pen in my hand.
4．Faced (face)with a difficult situation，he decided to ask his parents for some advice.
5．How terrible the man injured! If only he had obeyed (obey)the traffic rule!
6．My wife asked me to pick up our children on my way home from work，because the bus was too crowded (crowd)．
7．He always came to my assistance (assist)when I was in trouble.
8．—Where would you like to have your dinner，in the restaurant or at home?
—Either is OK.It makes no difference to me.
9．There is only one way accessible (access) to the old castle.
10．The photos on the wall reminded my mother of those happy old days when a large family lived together.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．During the war，the country was at chaos.
at→in
2．Most of us think high of him.
high→highly
3．The picture reminded me my schooldays.
my前加of
4．His father died，left him a lot of money.
left→leaving
5．His house was broken in last night.
in→into
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
At home，ordering food from a menu is a normal，everyday routine.I don't even give it a second thought.In China，it's a whole other story! Here，ordering is a fun game of trial and error，and the adventure begins before the food is even served!
Many restaurants in central Beijing advertise “English-language menus”，but the translations can just add to the confusion.Although accompanying pictures can be a helpful relief，the translations often make the whole experience even more amusing.During my first few weeks in China I tried some delicious dishes with strange names.As an experiment，my friends and I would order things like“students addicted to chicken gristle(软骨)”and “red burned lion head”．It was always fun to see what landed on our table.Eventually we learned that “lion head”was actually pork，and “students”are “addicted”to diced(切碎的) chicken with green pepper.
Recently，I came across a busy restaurant down a narrow side street in a Beijing hutong.It was lunchtime and the small room was packed with people sitting on small stools(凳子) eating noodles.I was hungry and cold，and the steaming bowls looked irresistible! I sat myself down and called out for a “caidan”！In response，the waitress pointed to a wall at the back of the restaurant.The wall was full of Chinese characters describing numerous dishes.There was only one sentence in English：“crossing over the bridge noodles”．
I had never heard of the dish and had no idea what it would taste like.I took a gamble and ordered one bowl of “crossing over the bridge noodles”．A few minutes later the waitress carried over a heavy bowl full of broth (肉汤) and I quickly dug in.It was the best bowl of noodles I had ever tasted! I have been back again and again and each time I point at the one English sentence—“crossing over the bridge noodles”．I always enter a restaurant in China feeling excited and a little nervous.Who knows what the next ordering adventure will reveal?
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者作为外国人，在北京餐馆订餐吃饭时遇到的一些趣事。他认为，很多北京餐馆的英文菜单虽然有时让人困惑，但是同时给人带来了很多乐趣。
1．How does the writer find the English-language menus in many of Beijing's restaurants?
A．Confusing but amusing.
B．Easy to understand.
C．Boring and annoying.
D．Accurate and helpful.
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...but the translations can just add to the confusion.”和“...the translations often make the whole experience even more amusing.”可知，作者认为，北京很多餐馆所提供的英文菜单让人有些困惑但是又让人感觉很有趣。故选A。]
2．The underlined word “gamble”in the last paragraph probably means “ ”．
A．taste　　　　 B．look
C．step D．risk
D　[词义猜测题。根据最后一段前两句话可知，作者当时根本没有听说过“crossing over the bridge noodles”(过桥米线)，也不知道尝起来会怎样，但是作者还是订了一份。由此可判断出，作者当时是冒险赌了一次，“gamble”应意为“冒险，风险”，与risk意思接近。故选D。]
3．The passage mainly deals with ．
A．the author's favorite Chinese dishes
B．the fun the author had ordering food in China' s restaurant
C．a comparison between Western food and Chinese food
D．the correct way to translate the names of Chinese dishes into English
B　[主旨大意题。根据全文内容可判断出，本文作者主要介绍自己在北京餐馆订餐吃饭时的一些趣事。故选B。]
4．The passage is developed mainly in the form of ．
A．examples and statements
B．comparison and conclusion
C．causes and effects
D．time and description
A　[推理判断题。根据后三段作者对自己在餐馆订餐的经历的描述可判断出，作者主要是通过具体事例来说明自己在北京餐馆吃饭的乐趣。故选A。]
B
It's easy to see how to help some people，but what about those whose needs are not so obvious？This story may have happened long ago，but it is a lesson which has stayed with me and helped me ever since.
It was Thanksgiving and I was volunteering with my parents at a shelter for the needy.We stood behind the counter giving hot food to whoever came in.Most of our dinners looked like they had been having hard times.Their clothes were worn out and they were dirty.In short，they looked needy!
Then，a man came in，who looked anything but needy.He was well dressed—he wore an expensive suit.I wondered what he was doing there and my jaw dropped in amazement when he joined the line for food.The closer he came to my service station the angrier I got.What was this man doing？Surely he wasn't going to take away food which was meant for those who were really in need!
Then my mother quietly took me to one side.She said，“You have assumed (假设)that the needs of the people who come here must be physical.And this gentleman doesn't seem to have any of those problems like hunger and lack of clothing.But what if his needs are emotional？What if he needs comfort，friends，or just to be among other human beings？”Her words hit me like a ton of bricks! I felt like I should apologize to the man.
About a week later the shelter received a large donation from an unknown source.I can't help but wonder if it came from that man.
Now，whenever I meet someone I remember my mother's lesson and try to send kindness their way，regardless of how they look.Needs aren't always obvious，but kindness always makes a difference.
【语篇解读】　有一次作者在避难所做志愿者时，从遇到的事情和母亲的一番话中明白了一个道理。
5．During Thanksgiving，the shelter helped the needy by ．
A．finding jobs for them
B．offering them food
C．giving them new clothes
D．listening to their complaints
B　[细节理解题。从第二段的“I was volunteering with my parents at a shelter...giving hot food to whoever came in”可知，避难所通过给穷人们提供食物来帮助他们。]
6．How did the author feel when the man first came in?
A．Sad.　　　　 B．Hopeful.
C．Surprised. D．Worried.
C　[细节理解题。从第三段的“a man came in，who looked anything but needy...I wondered what he was doing there and my jaw dropped in amazement”可知，一位男士刚进来时，作者感到惊奇。]
7．The author's mother mainly wanted to tell her that ．
A．she shouldn't hate rich people
B．she shouldn't jump to conclusions
C．she should be polite to strangers
D．she should treat everyone equally
B　[推理判斯题。第四段中母亲告诉作者不能随便假设，虽然有人表面上看起来不需要帮助，但是他们心理上可能很需要帮助，所以不能草率地下结论。]
8．What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To discuss how to help emotionally needy people.
B．To call on people to make contributions to a shelter.
C．To give tips on how to be volunteers.
D．To share a lesson in kindness.
D　[作者意图题。文章主要讲述了作者的一段经历，并阐述了作者从中得到的教训，此后作者对任何人都提供帮助，所以本文的主要目的是用作者的亲身经历来传递这个教训。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
Last Tuesday Dan Robinson received a letter for the local police.In the letter she was asked to call at the station.Dan wondered what he was wanted by the police，but he went to the station yesterday and now he was not worried any more.At the station，he was told by a smiled policeman that his bicycle had found.The bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred mile away.It is now being sent to his home by the train.Dan was mostly surprised when he heard the news，because he never expected the bicycle to be found.It was stolen twenty years ago that Dan was a boy of fifteen!
[答案]
Last Tuesday Dan Robinson received a letter the local police.In the letter was asked to call at the station.Dan wondered he was wanted by the police，but he went to the station yesterday and now he not worried any more.At the station，he was told by a policeman that his bicycle had found.The bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred away.It is now being sent to his home by train.Dan was surprised when he heard the news，because he never expected the bicycle to be found.It was stolen twenty years ago Dan was a boy of fifteen!