Historical Background of The Ancient City of Pompeii
In the early afternoon hours of August 24，79 A．D.the summit of Mount Vesuvius exploded without warning.A black river of ash and lapilli ran from the crater of the volcano down through the city of Pompeii leaving death and destruction in its wake.The magnificent ancient city of Pompeii was left buried under about 20 feet of earth and ash.Pompeii was originally only 500 meters from the sea，but after the eruption the distance to the sea increased to two kilometers.
Oscans settled along the shore of the Tyrrhenian Sea on an elevated lavic spur that was created by an ancient eruption of Vesuvius during the 8th century B．C.The strategic location made Pompeii an object of great importance to the Estuscans.The Samnites arrived from the mountains of Irpinia in the 5th century，putting an end to the control of Campania by the Greeks and Etruscans.
It was inevitable that Pompeii would fall under the domination of Rome at the beginning of the Samnite Wars.Pompeii became a Roman colony in 80 B．C.，taking the name “Colonia Veneria Cornelia Pompeii” which refers to both her conqueror and to the goddess Venus.
Seventeen hundred years later，architect Domenico Fontana happened across some inscriptions while building a tunnel in the area.Some excavation was done near the amphitheater at that time，but no one suspected that an entire city was buried there.The first scientific exploration of the site took place in 1748，directed by Charles of Bourbon.In 1860 Giuseppe Fiorelli invented a system of pouring liquid plaster into the spaces left in the ash bed.
Victims had remained in the House of the Fugitives during the volcanic eruption and the fall of lapilli.Later they had tried to escape under the ashes，but suffocated.
The oldest buildings of Pompeii date back to the 6th century B．C.and likely only occupied a small part of the south-western area，between the main Forum and the Triangular Forum.Pompeii gradually expanded toward the east and the north.Most of the ruins date back to its establishment as a Roman colony in 80 B．C.
1．What buried the Ancient City of Pompeii in the early afternoon hours of August 24，79 A．D.?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2．Who found the Ancient City of Pompeii?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【答案】 1.A black river of ash and lapilli from the crater of the volcano.
2．The architect Domenico Fontana.
Section Ⅰ Reading(Welcome to the unit & Reading)
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．associate A．an opinion or a judgement about sb./sth. that has
been thought about very carefully
2．theft B．to make a connection between people or things in
your mind
3．friction C．to choose sb. for a job or position of responsibility
4．appoint D．disagreement or a lack of friendship among people
who have different opinions about sth.
5．steady E．developing，growing，etc. gradually and in an even
and regular way
6．assessment F．the crime of stealing sth.from a person or place
【答案】 1.B 2.F 3.D 4.C 5.E 6.A
Ⅱ.用下列短语的适当形式填空
have an influence on；in particular；seize control of；in honour of；give up；care about；associate with；cut off
1．It is obvious that tourists __________ the local environment.
2．We built a monument on the top of the hill ______ the dead soldiers in the battle.
3．He had to ________ his dream because of his bad health.
4．I love playing basketball ________．
5．We usually ______ lung cancer ______ smoking.
【答案】 1.have an influence on 2.in honour of 3.give up 4.in particular 5.associate；with
Ⅰ.阅读P18－19内容，从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Which of the statements is true according to the passage?
A．The ancient Greeks had a greater effect on Western civilization than others.
B．The marathon was created in honour of Marathon.
C．The Greek civilization lasted only 2，500 years.
2．How many main temples to Athena on top of the Acropolis?
A．Two. B．Four. C．Three.
3．What is not the factor that led to the damage to the Acropolis?
A．The earthquake.
B．The human being.
C．The marble.
【答案】 1－3 ACC
Ⅱ.阅读P18－19内容，完成下列表格
The Acropolis Now
Introduction
to the
Acropolis
●The greatest 1.________ of Athens.
●It was 2.________ in the 5th century B．C. in honour of Athena.
●There are three main temples to Athena.
3.________
done to the
Acropolis
●Damaged partly by natural 4.________ like earthquakes，and partly by man.
●Used to store their 5.________ of gunpowder by the Turks in 1458.
●6.________ by an attack from Italy.
●Many of the best sculptures were 7．________.
8.________
of the
Acropolis
●Establishing a committee to undertake this task.
●Continuing its work and hoping to bring the Acropolis back to its 9.________ glory.
●Undertaking important 10.________ work to teach people how to avoid damaging important historic buildings.
【答案】 1.symbol 2.constructed 3.Damage 4.forces 5.supply 6.Destroyed 7.stolen 8.Restoration 9.former 10.educational
Ⅲ.阅读P18－19内容，完成下面课文缩写
The ancient Greeks have had a 1.________ (great) influence on Western civilizations than others. They made many advances in various fields that 2.________ (influence) the world so far.
3．________ particular, we often associate ancient Greek civilization 4.________ the capital city of Athens, the greatest symbol of which is the Acropolis.5.________ was constructed in the 5th century BC in honour of Athena，6.________ there are three main temples to Athena.
But the Acropolis has been damaged partly by natural forces like earthquakes and partly by man. In 1458, the Turks 7.________(seize) control of Athens and used the Parthenon as a warehouse. In 1687, the large part of the building was destroyed 8.________ an attack from Italy caused the gunpowder to explode. In 1801, many of the best sculptures were stolen.
In a gesture to help preserve history, the Greek government appointed a committee to undertake 9.________ task. The committee is continuing its work and hopes to bring the Acropolis back to its 10.________ (form) glory.
【答案】 1.greater 2.have influenced 3.In 4.with 5.It 6.where 7.seized 8.because 9.the 10.former
课件21张PPT。Unit 2 Witnessing timeSection Ⅰ Reading(Welcome to the unit & Reading)Thank you for watching !Section Ⅱ Language points(Welcome to the unit & Reading)
become/be aware of意识到
(教材P17)While the pace of change in the modern world gets faster and faster，people are becoming more and more aware of the need to preserve the world's cultural heritage.
随着当今世界发展变化的步伐日益加快，人们也愈来愈意识到保护世界文化遗产的必要。
I do not become aware of my mistake until he warns me.
直到他给我警告我才觉察到我的错误。
He made for the dark alley without being aware of the danger ahead.
他朝那黑暗的巷口走去，根本没有意识到眼前的危险。
be aware ＋从句 意识到；知道
awareness n. 认识；意识；知道
raise awareness about/of 提高……的认识
develop an awareness of 逐渐懂得
The driver was perfectly aware that he was driving at seventy miles an hour.
司机完全知道他在以每小时70英里的时速开车。
It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used.
重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。
The campaign aims to raise awareness of the dangers of passive smoking.
这项运动的目的是要提高对被动吸烟危害的认识。
用aware的适当形式填空
①Most smokers are perfectly ______________ of the dangers of smoking.
②He seems __________________ of the trouble he's causing，otherwise he would stop it.
③The teacher has tried to make him raise ____________ about his pronunciation.
【答案】 ①aware ②unaware ③awareness
have an influence on对……产生影响
(教材P18)No one has had a greater influence on Western civilization than the ancient Greeks.
在对西方文明的影响方面，没有人能够和古希腊人相比。
The inflation will surely have a great influence on everyone's life.
通货膨胀毫无疑问会对我们每个人的生活产生重大影响。
Internet shopping has begun to have a serious influence on the traditional bookshops.
网上购物已开始对传统书店造成严重冲击。
对……产生影响
被……左右，由于……的作用
He has no influence over his children.
他对子女没有影响力。
完成句子
①这本书对它的读者影响很大。
The book ______________ its readers.
②他对这个公司有相当大的影响力。
He______________the company.
【答案】 ①has/had a great influence/impact on
②has considerable influence with/over
(教材P18)The Roman alphabet is a Greek invention，as is the marathon，a long distance race created in honour of a Greek soldier...
罗马字母表是希腊人的发明，马拉松赛跑也是。这项长跑比赛是为了纪念一名希腊战士而创立的……
(1)【要点提炼】 as is the marathon是as＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语的倒装句，意思是“……也如此，……也是一样”，是一个正式用法。
Yao Ming is very tall，as are his parents.
姚明个子很高，他父母个子也很高。
The film is so boring，as is its music.
这部电影很乏味，其音乐也是如此。
He is a doctor，as was his wife before she had children.
他是医生，他妻子生儿育女之前也当过医生。
I travel to London every day，as do most of the people who live in this village.
我每天乘车去伦敦，住在这个村子里的大部分人都是这样。
翻译句子
①Frank is an excellent athlete，as was his father before he died.
__________________________________________________________
【答案】 弗兰克是一个出色的运动员，正如他父亲生前一样。
完成句子
②她和她的母亲一样会弹钢琴。
She can play the piano，________________．
③针灸深受欢迎，中国传统的中药也如此。
Acupuncture has become popular，________________．
【答案】 ②as can her mother ③as has Chinese traditional medicine
(2)in honour of为向……表示敬意；为纪念……
They built a monument on the top of the hill in honour of the famous national hero.
他们在山顶上建造了一座纪念碑，以纪念那位著名的民族英雄。
This is a ceremony in honour of those killed in the explosion.
这是一个为纪念爆炸中的死难者所举行的仪式。
in one's honour 为了表示对某人的崇敬
the honour of doing sth. 做某事的荣幸
have the honour of doing sth. 有幸做某事
do sb.the honour of doing sth. 为某人做某事使之感到荣幸
it is an honour to do sth. 很荣幸做某事
A banquet was held in her honour.
为欢迎她而举办了一次宴会。
Would you do me the honour of dining with me?
你能赏光和我一块儿吃饭吗？
It is an honour to have you here.
大驾光临，深感荣幸。
完成句子
④承蒙贵刊邀稿，甚感荣幸。
____________ be invited to contribute to your magazine.
⑤总统设宴款待了外宾。
The president hosts a banquet ______________ the foreigners.
⑥我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。
We are planning a big Christmas party ____________．
【答案】 ④It is an honour to ⑤in honour of ⑥in your honour
(教材P18)In particular，we associate ancient Greek civilization with the capital city of Athens，the greatest symbol of which is the Acropolis.
我们尤其将古希腊文明与其首都雅典城相联系，而雅典最伟大的标志就是雅典卫城。
(1)in particular尤其，特别
You should avoid eating fat meat，pork in particular.
你应该避免吃高脂肪的肉，尤其是猪肉。
Why do you choose that one in particular?
你为何特地选那个？
be particular about 对……挑剔
particularly adv. 特别地；显著地
I have no particular reason to suspect him.
我没有特殊的理由去怀疑他。
Mary is very particular about her dress.
玛丽对她的穿着很挑剔。
完成句子
①很多女孩子对衣服很挑剔。
Many girls________their clothes.
②我们特意绕道青岛去北京。
We went to Beijing by way of Qingdao ________．
【答案】 ①are very particular about ②in particular
(2)associate...with...把……与……相联系；联想
She always associates the smell of baking with her childhood.
她总是一闻到烘烤食物的味道，就想起了童年。
I can't see there is something particular in his speech associated with this matter.
我看不出他的言词中有什么特别的东西与此事有关。
be associated with 与……相关联
associate with sb. 与某人在一起；与某人交往
association n. 协会
把……联系起来
完成句子
③他们更喜欢与年轻人交往。
They prefer to ____________ young people.
④在孩子们看来，夏天总是和野餐连在一起的。
In children's minds, summers __________ picnics.
【答案】 ③associate with ④are associated with
(教材P18)It used to house a 13-metre-high gold-covered statue of Athena as the Goddess of Victory.
这里过去供奉着一尊13米高的镀金胜利女神像雅典娜。
(1)【要点提炼】 “used＋动词不定式”表示过去的习惯或动作，意为“过去常常”。
When we were children，we used to go skating every winter.
小时候我们每年冬天都去滑冰。
She didn't use/used not to go to the Museum of Science.
她过去不常去科学博物馆。
be/get/become used to (doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
用上述短语的适当形式填空
①I ________ smoke，but I gave up two years ago.
②I ________ getting up at six o'clock in the morning.
③The power of flowing water can ____________ produce electricity.
【答案】 ①used to ②am used to ③be used to
(2)house vt.收容；供给房子；提供住处；收藏；安置
The gallery houses 2，000 works of modern art.
美术馆收藏了2 000件现代艺术作品。
A large number of families are still waiting to be housed.
许多家庭仍在等待安排住房。
The old building now houses more than one hundred homeless people.
这幢旧楼里现在住着上百位无家可归的人。
We can house you and your friends if the hotels are full.
如果酒店住满了，我们可提供住所给你和你的朋友。
完成句子
④要供给他们所有人住所是很困难的。
It is difficult __________ all of them.
⑤那晚我们留他住宿。
We ________ him ________ the night.
【答案】 ④to house ⑤housed；for
(3)gold-covered包金的；镀金的，为复合形容词
①“名词＋动词＋-ed”是构成复合形容词的一种方法，意思相当于“被……的”，因此gold-covered意思就是“被金子覆盖的”，译成“包金的；镀金的”。
snow-covered adj. 被雪覆盖的
snow-capped adj. 顶部被雪覆盖的
air-filled adj. 充满空气的
②名词＋动词-ing为构成复合形容词的又一种方法，意思为“做……的”。
French-speaking adj. 讲法语的
labour-saving adj. 节省劳力的
life-extending adj. 延长寿命的
③形容词＋动词-ing。
a funny-looking man 一个长得滑稽的人
a bad-smelling fish 一条臭鱼
④形容词/数词＋名词＋形容词
a seven-year-old girl 一个七岁的女孩
a 50-meter-wide river 一条50米宽的河
完成句子
⑥这家博物馆收藏着一尊13米高镀金的雕像。
The museum houses________________statue.
⑦飞机在积雪的山峰上飞过。
The plane flew over________________peaks.
【答案】 ⑥a 13-metre-high gold-covered ⑦the snow-covered
seize/take control of掌控；获取……的控制权
(教材P18)In 1458，the Turks defeated the Greeks and seized control of Athens.
1458年土耳其人打败了希腊人并夺取了雅典。
By defeating his political opponents one by one，he seized control of the parliament at last.
在对其政治对手逐个击破之后，他终于掌控了议会。
in control of 掌管；管理；控制
under the control of 在……控制下
lose control of 失去对……控制
out of control 失控
bring/get...under control 控制住……；抑制住……
There has been some violence after the match，but the police are now in control of the situation.比赛后发生了一些暴力事件，但现在警方已控制了局势。
The city was under the control of enemy forces.
该城现在处于敌军的控制下。
The Democrats will probably lose control of Congress.
民主党很可能失去对国会的控制。
完成句子
①这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。
The children are completely ________ since their father left.
②花了两小时才控制住火势。
It took two hours to bring the fire ________．
③现在哪个政党掌管这个国家？
Which party is ________the country now?
【答案】 ①out of control ②under control ③taking/seizing control of
give up放弃；停止/中止某事
(教材P19)This has caused some friction between Greece and Britain，as the Greek government has never given up asking for the return of these marble statues.这导致了希腊和英国之间的摩擦，因为希腊政府一直要求英国归还这些大理石雕像。
She doesn't give up singing although her family are against it.她没有放弃唱歌，尽管她的家人都反对。
She didn't give up the work when she had the baby.
她有孩子后并未放弃工作。
give away 赠送；泄露，分发
give back 归还
give in 屈服，认输
give sth. in(to sb.) 呈上某物(给某人)
give off 发出，放出(气味、热、光等)
give on to/onto sth. 朝向，面向
give out 用光，耗尽，发出(热、光等)
give over 别再……了，住手
He gave away all he had to a school.
他把他的一切都捐给了学校。
After a long journey，he gave out.
长途旅行回来，他累坏了。
用适当的介、副词填空
①He picked up the pen and gave it ________ to him.
②She gave ________ state secrets to the enemy.
③Tom's legs gave ________ and he couldn't go any farther.
④The rebels were forced to give ________．
⑤All girls swam across the lake except two who gave ________ halfway.
【答案】 ①back ②away ③out ④in ⑤up
(教材P19)In a gesture to help preserve history，the Greek government appointed a committee in 1975 to undertake a complete repair of the Acropolis.为表示其帮助保存历史的意愿，希腊政府于1975年任命了一个委员会来负责卫城的全面修复工作。
(1)in a gesture to do sth.作为……的姿势；为了……
In a gesture to show their sympathy and concern，they sent the boy plenty of flowers and presents.
为了表示同情和关心，他们送给那个男孩很多鲜花和礼物。
as a gesture of 表示
gesture v. 用手势表示，用动作示意
gesture to sb. 向某人示意
She gave me a smile as a gesture of welcome.
她对我微微一笑以示欢迎。
He gestured to me that it was time to go.
他示意(我)该走了。
翻译句子
①为了表示对老板的尊重，他每天早晨都站在办公室门口迎候。
__________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①In a gesture to show respect to his boss，he stands outside the door of the office every morning greeting him.
②We do not accept responsibility but we will refund the money as a gesture of goodwill.
__________________________________________________________
【答案】 ②我们不承担责任，不过我们愿意退款以表示我们的善意。
(2)preserve vt.保存；保管；保护
The city should take steps to preserve the old temple.
该市应该采取措施保护这座古老的寺庙。
①preserve sb.from sth. 保护某人免受……
preserve sth.from 保护……免受
②preserve vt. 保护(动植物)；
使……成为禁猎区
③preserve n. (动植物的)保护区
④preserver n. 保护者；防护用具
They were determined to preserve their leader from humiliation.
他们决心保护他们的领导人免受侮辱。
The wreck was preserved by the muddy sea bed.
失事船只的残骸被泥泞的海床保护了起来。
We should preserve our good traditional customs.
我们应当保留我们好的传统习俗。
preserve/keep/reserve
preserve
侧重指为某人或某种用途保存、保藏
keep
(一时的)保存、保管，常用语
reserve
主要指“保留；储备”，以备后用
用preserve，keep和reserve的适当形式填空
③You can ________ meat or fish in salt.
④Will you________ my luggage safe for me?
⑤I advise you not to walk too fast；________ your strength for the climb.
【答案】 ③preserve ④keep ⑤reserve
(3)appoint vt.任命，委任；约定，指定(时间、地点)
They have appointed a new headmaster at my son's school.
我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。
A date for the meeting is still to be appointed.
会议日期尚待确定。
①appoint sb. to/as ... 任命某人为……
②appoint sb. to do sth. 安排某人去做某事
③appointment n. 约定；约会
make an appointment 约会；约定
④appointee n. 被委任者
She has recently been appointed to/as a member of the committee.
她最近被任命为委员会成员。
A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.
一位律师被指定为这个孩子的代表律师。
用appoint的适当形式填空
⑥I left it early because I had an ________ later that day.
⑦We ________ the place and time for the next meeting.
⑧We are considering ________ him to/as secretary.
【答案】 ⑥appointment ⑦appointed ⑧appointing
(教材P19)The committee is also undertaking important work to educate the public，based on the assessment that the best way to protect the Acropolis is to prevent damage. 保护卫城的最好方式是防止破坏，基于这一认识，该委员会还在教育公众方面做了重要的工作。
【要点提炼】 based on是分词短语在句中作状语。
In borderline cases，teachers will take the final decision，based on the student's previous work.
在难以定夺的情况下，教师将根据学生先前的作业做出最终评分。
Based on what we know now，you can't clone.
就我们所知，你们还不能克隆。
①base v． 把基地设在……；以……为基础
base...on...＝be based on... 根据……，以……为基础
②basis n. 基础；基本原则；标准
on the basis of 根据；在……的基础上，基于
③basic adj. 基本的；基础的
basically adv. 主要地；基本上
The two sides should handle their differences based on the principles of equality and mutual respect.
双方应在平等和相互尊敬的原则上去解决彼此的分歧。
Basing an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you'll regret it sooner or later.
更多地凭借情感而不是理智作重要决定，你迟早会后悔的。
The scientist decided to make the university the base for his research work.
这位科学家决定把这所大学作为他研究工作的基地。
This is the basic theory of language teaching.
这是语言教学的基本理论。
完成句子
①该影片是根据辛克莱·刘易斯的小说改编的。
The film ________ a novel by Sinclair Lewis.
②根据真实故事，这本书把这个村庄描绘成一个令人愉快的地方。
________ a true story，the book portrays the village as a pleasant place.
【答案】 ①is based on ②Based on
(教材P19)By learning how not to damage the monuments，people will be able to enjoy this historic site for generations to come.
知道如何防止破坏历史遗迹，人们就能世世代代地欣赏到这个遗址了。
【句式分析】 疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词when，where，how等后面跟不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。
①“疑问词＋动词不定式”经常用在某些动词(短语)后作宾语，这样的动词(短语)有：tell，show，know，learn，find out，forget，wonder等。
②此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用相应的从句。
He showed me how to use the WiFi.
他给我展示怎样使用WiFi。
What to do next has not been decided.
下一步做什么，还没决定。
Stop trying to tell me what to do all the time.
(＝Stop trying to tell me what I should do all the time.)别老是命令我应该做什么。
【提示】 why一般不用于此结构，即不用why to do结构。
完成句子
①He didn't tell me __________ (在哪里找到这个秘密)．
②I want to know ________ (如何解决这个问题)．
③Nobody knows ________ (该做什么)when we are faced with the situation.
【答案】 ①where to find the secret ②how to solve the problem ③what to do
课件60张PPT。Unit 2 Witnessing timeSection Ⅱ Language points(Welcome to the unit & Reading)点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅲ Word power & Grammar and usage
focus on/upon集中于……；集中在……
(教材P22)It focuses on Greek words used in English.
它集中了英语中使用的希腊词汇。
The discussion focused on three main problems.
讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.
每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
focus one's attention/thoughts/effort on
集中注意力/心思/努力于……之上
focus n. 中心点(指人或事物)
focus for/on sth. ……的中心点
The visit helped to focus world attention on the refugees.这次访问促进了全世界对难民的关注。
His comments provided a focus for debate.
他的评论提供了辩论的重点。
完成句子
①他的目光立刻集中在漆黑房间里的那个黑色的人影上。
His eyes________ immediately________the black figure in the dark room.
②他那蓝色的眼睛注视着她。
He________his blue eyes________her.
③我们将继续重点关注顾客的需要。
We shall maintain our______the needs of the customers.
【答案】 ①focused；on ②focused；on ③focus on
make a contribution做出贡献；起作用
(教材P22)This is because the Greeks made huge contributions in the two fields.
这是因为希腊人在这两个科学领域做出了巨大的贡献。
It is possible that the sun can make a contribution，too.
很可能太阳也会起作用。
①make a contribution to/towards 对……做出贡献
give a contribution to 给……捐献
②contribute vt.& vi. 有贡献；有助于；捐助
contribute to 导致；投稿
They made a great contribution towards the cause of the Chinese people.
他们为中国人民的事业做出了巨大贡献。
I contributed towards Jane's leaving present.
我凑了一点钱给简买告别礼物。
She regularly contributes to the college magazine.
她定期给校刊投稿。
完成句子
①She________ a number of articles ________ the magazine.(向……投稿)
②Tom's mistake was said to ______the accident.(导致)
【答案】 ①contributed；to ②have contributed to
(教材P23)In the field of literature，our students read and write poetry and participate in drama productions which are performed in our state-of-the-art theatre.在文学领域里，我们的学生吟诗作赋，并积极参与在我们的装备最先进的剧场里进行的戏剧排演。
(1)participate in参加
Tom can't participate in the match because he has hurt his back.汤姆不能参加比赛，因为他伤了后背。
He also participated in the project.
他也参加了这项工程。
participant n． 参与者；参加者
participation n. 参加；参与
He has been an active participant in the discussion.
他一直积极参与这次讨论。
We saw a show with lots of audience participation.
我看了一场观众热烈参与的演出。
participate in/take part in/join/join in/attend
participate in/
take part in
二者同义，表示参加活动或在活动中负责。participate in较正式。
join
及物动词，表示“加入某组织(团体、机构)，并成为其中一员，”也可用于join sb.(与某人一起)，join sb. in sth./doing sth.(和某人一起做某事)。
join in
指参加正在进行着的活动或游戏等，有时可与take part in换用。
attend
及物动词，指参加会议、典礼、演讲等活动。
用participate in/take part in/join/join in/attend填空
①May I________the discussion?
②He'll ________us________singing the song.
③Did you________the meeting yesterday?
④He________the children's game.
⑤He laughed loudly，and we________．
⑥She intends to________the club.
【答案】 ①join in/participate in/take part in ②join；in ③take part in/attend ④participate in/took part in ⑤joined in ⑥join
(2)production n．(电影、戏剧或广播节目的)上映、上演、播出、制作
Every year the school puts on a musical production.
这所学校每年都上演一出音乐剧。
How much do you think the production of this movie costs？你认为这部电影的制作费要多少？
production n． 生产；制造；(艺术)作品；(研究)成果
in production 投产；生产
out of production 停产
go into production 投产
The company is famous for the production of small cars.那家公司以生产小型汽车闻名。
The theme of his late productions was life and death.
他晚期作品的主题是生与死。
He wants a career in film production.
他想从事电影制作。
(3)state-of-the-art adj.(技术、设备)最新型的；最先进的
A state-of-the-art hospital has just been put up near our school.我们学校附近刚建了一家现代化的医院。
完成句子
⑦这家剧院以演出富于想象力的戏剧作品而闻名。
This theatre is known for ________________．
⑧这一系统是当时最先进的。
The system______________．
【答案】 ⑦its imaginative productions
⑧was state-of-the-art
(教材P23)We consider it very important that students understand the past，...
我们认为学生了解过去非常重要，……
【句式分析】 it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。
consider it＋宾补＋doing/to do/that-clause是一个重要句式结构。类似用法的动词还有think，find，feel，make等。用作宾补的词可以是形容词也可以是名词。
She considers it impolite to talk while eating.
她认为边吃边说话是不礼貌的。
I consider it no use quarrelling with him.
我认为和他争吵没用。
Mr.Li thinks it necessary that we practice oral English every day.
李老师认为我们每天练习口语是必要的。
Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己开始一种新生活。
翻译句子
①你也许发现在这里工作很令人兴奋。
__________________________________________________________
②我们认为保持生态平衡很重要。
__________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①You may find it exciting to work here.
②We think it important that we should keep the balance of nature.
insist v．坚持
(教材P23)In the same way，we insist that students learn about different countries in the world，...
同样，我们坚决要求学生一定要了解世界各国，……
He insists that she come.
他执意要她来。
I insist on you going there.
我坚持要你去那里。
一些表示命令、要求、建议的动词及其相应的名词后接从句时，要用虚拟语气。
①suggest，insist，advise，order，ask，request，demand，require等表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中要用“(should)＋动词原形”。
②由这些词变化而来的名词，如：suggestion，advice，order，request，demand等，后面的同位语从句、表语从句中也用“(should)＋动词原形”。
He suggested that our products be advertised.
他建议我们的产品做广告。
The captain ordered that all the men(should)take part in the rescue.船长命令所有的人参加救援。
The teacher advised that the students(should)make the best use of their free time.
老师劝告学生们要充分利用他们的业余时间。
His suggestion is that all the work (should)be finished on time.
他的建议是所有的工作都要按时完成。
This is his request that all the students(should)hand in their papers by ten o'clock.这是他的要求：所有的学生要在10点钟之前交上他们的试卷。
【提示】 当insist作“坚持认为”、“坚持说”讲时和suggest作“暗示、表明”讲时，其后的从句用陈述语气。insist还可以接on或upon短语。
The young man insisted that he was not wrong and that he be set free.
那个年轻人坚持认为他没有错，要求释放他。
His words suggested he was pleased.
他的话表明他很满意。
用所给词的适当形式填空
①Mike insisted that he ________(be) right and ________(not punish)．
②Her pale face suggested that she________(be) ill.
【答案】 ①was；(should)not be punished ②was
名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用，相当于名词。因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
一、主语从句
1．主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连接词that，whether；连接代词who，whoever，which，whichever，what，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why等。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她被选中这件事使我们非常高兴。
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否来还是个问题。
Whatever you want can be found here.
你想要的一切都可以在这里找到。
2．主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首，尤其是连接词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。即：It＋be＋adj.＋that-clause，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。
It's a pity that you missed such a fine talk.
你没有听到如此精彩的演讲真是太遗憾了。
It is strange that he didn't come yesterday.
他昨天没来真让人感到奇怪。
3．whoever，whatever，whichever引导的主语从句：whoever＝anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“不管是什么人，无论是谁”。
whatever＝anything that，表示“任何……的事物，什么……都，无论什么”。
whichever表示“无论哪个；无论哪些”既可指人，也可指物，既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。
Whoever breaks the law must be punished.
无论谁犯了法都一定会受惩罚。
Whatever you want to do will have nothing to do with me.
无论你想要做什么都与我无关。
Whichever book you choose doesn't matter to me.
无论你选择哪一本书对我来说都无关紧要。
二、宾语从句
1．在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句，引导宾语从句的连接代词和连接副词如下：that，whether，if(是否)，who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how等。
2．由whatever，whichever，whoever，whosever引导的宾语从句。
You may do whatever(anything that)you like.
你可以做任何你想做的事。
Return the book to whosever(anyone whose)name is on it.把书归还给名字写在上面的人。
3．介词后的宾语从句
Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.
除了偶尔上学迟到以外，汤姆是一个好孩子。
4．形容词后的宾语从句
They're surprised that he has left without saying goodbye.
人们很惊讶地发现他没有打招呼就走了。
5．宾语从句中的形式宾语it
在“及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾补的后面，用形式宾语it来代替它。
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现我们花更多的时间来练习英语口语是非常有必要的。
6．宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词desire(愿望)，demand(要求)，insist(坚决要求)，order(命令)，request(请求)，suggest(建议)，propose(提议，建议)等词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，宾语从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
They suggested that we(should)start at once.
他们建议我们立即动身。
三、表语从句
1．在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的词有that，whether，as if(好像，仿佛)，who，what，which，when，where，how，why等。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题是这件事是否值得做。
This is how she did it.这就是她怎样做这件事的。
2．主语为名词reason时，表语从句的连接词要用that，定语从句用why或that引导。
The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drunk.这么严重的交通事故完全是由于司机太粗心，喝酒太多。
3．如果主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement，demand等名词时，则表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可省略。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。
1．同位语从句的连接词常用的有that，whether，why，who，where，how，when。if一般不引导同位语从句。
We heard the news that our team had won.
我们听到了我们队获胜的消息。
2．同位语从句一般跟在某些名词之后，例如：idea，fact，hope，view，news，promise，belief，opinion，doubt，thought，wish，truth，explanation，possibility等。
课件42张PPT。Unit 2 Witnessing timeSection Ⅲ Word power & Grammar and usage点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅳ Task & Project
Ⅰ.阅读P27内容，判断正(T)误(F)
1．The head of the Roman Catholic Church allowed divorce then.( )
2．Boleyn gave birth to a son for King Herry Ⅷ at last.( )
3．Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ had Sir Walter Raleigh arrested and held in the Tower because he had married in secret.( )
【答案】 1－3 FFT
Ⅱ.阅读P30－31内容，从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Most of the Ming Tombs are located in Shisanling northwest of Beijing.
B．Changling is famous for its simple design and painted ceiling.
C．Another famous Ming Tomb，Xiaoling is also located in Beijing.
2．Which is considered as the best preserved of the thirteen tombs?
A．Shisanling. B．Changling. C．Xiaoling.
3．Which is not the factor that does harm to the Ming and Qing Tombs?
A．Rain and war.
B．Fire and theft.
C．Visitors to Tombs.
【答案】 1－3 ABC
(教材P27)King Henry Ⅷ wanted to have a son.His first wife，Catherine，did not give_birth_to one，so he decided to divorce her.
国王亨利八世想要儿子，而他的第一任妻子凯瑟琳未如他愿，所以亨利决定休掉她。
(1)give birth to生(孩子)；产仔
She died shortly after giving birth to a healthy baby girl.
她在生下一个健康的女婴之后不久就死了。
give birth to 还可用作比喻，意为“产生；引起”
at birth 刚出生时
from birth 先天的；从出生起
It was the study of history that gave birth to the social science.对历史的研究孕育了社会科学。
The baby weighed three kilos at birth.
婴儿出生时的体重为三公斤。
Mark has been blind from birth.马克先天失明。
完成句子
①史密斯太太昨天晚上生了个女儿。
Mrs.Smith____________ a daughter last night.
②他的提议引起了争论。
His proposal ______________ a dispute.
③万里长江始于涓涓细流。
This little fountain ______________ a big river.
【答案】 ①gave birth to ②gave birth to ③gives birth to
(2)divorce v．与……离婚；使离婚；使分离；使脱离
n．离婚；分离；脱离
She refuses to divorce him though he has been unfaithful to her.
虽然他一直对她不忠，她仍拒绝与他离婚。
Mr.Hill divorced his wife at the age of 70.
希尔先生七十岁的时候与他妻子离婚。
Their marriage ended in divorce.
他们的婚姻以离婚收场。
be/get divorced from 与……离婚/分离
divorce sb./sth. from sth. 使某人/物从……分离/脱离
Politics should not be divorced from the lives of ordinary people.政治不应该脱离普通民众的生活。
When he was depressed，he felt utterly divorced from reality.他沮丧时便感到完全脱离了现实。
完成句子
④他的妻子最近和他离婚了。
He ______________ by his wife.
⑤他对未来的期望常常脱离现实。
His hopes for the future ________________ reality.
【答案】 ④was recently divorced ⑤are often divorced from
(教材P27)Henry created the Church of England and made himself head of it.
亨利创立了英国自己的教会，并且自命为教皇。
【要点提炼】 make＋宾语＋名词(作宾语补足语)。
Most pop singers make music their career.
大多数流行歌手把音乐当作他们的职业。
Bill Gates' Microsoft makes him a phenomenon in the business world.
比尔·盖茨的微软使他成为商界的一个奇才。
①make＋宾语＋宾语补足语的其他形式：
make＋O.＋
②如果宾语是动词不定式或从句，就用it作先行宾语，真正宾语移至句末。
make＋it＋adj.＋
Nothing can make me turn against my country.
什么也不能使我背叛我的祖国。
The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.
互联网使我们的生活变得容易和方便。
The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard.
那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他讲话。
“Make yourself at home，” the hostess said to me as soon as I entered the house.我刚一进门，女主人就对我说：“别客气， 就像在你自己家一样。”
What has made China what she is today?
是什么让中国变成今天的样子？
This makes it possible for agriculture and industry to develop quickly.这使工农业有可能很快发展。
People in the West make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
西方国家的人常在圣诞节时购买礼物给亲属和朋友。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作是重要且必不可少的。
完成句子
①我们推选他当我们足球队队长。
We ______________________ of our football team.
②行人，不论老幼，都该养成走人行天桥的习惯。
Pedestrians，both old and young，should ____________________ to use overhead bridges.
【答案】 ①made him captain ②make it a habit
(教材P27)However，when the Queen discovered in 1592 that he had married in secret，she had him arrested and held in the Tower.
然而，当女皇在1592年发现他已秘密结婚时，就派人拘捕了他并把他拘禁在塔里。
【句式分析】 本句中的have him arrested and held是“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，一般表示“让某人做某事”或“遭受，遭遇”。
I have had my hair cut.我已剪了头发。
He has had his bike repaired.他让人把自行车修了。
①have＋宾语＋do 让……做……
②have＋宾语＋doing 让……一直做
Don't have your kid carry so much water.
别让你的孩子担这么多水。
If you have your horse working day and night，it may get ill.如果你让你的马日夜不停地工作，它也许就会生病。
完成句子
①汤姆踢足球时，伤了腿。
Tom ________________ while playing football.
②史密斯先生在度假期间家被盗了。
Mr Smith ________________ while he was away on holiday.
③我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。
I won't ________________ your dad like that.
【答案】 ①had his leg broken ②had his house broken into ③have you speaking to
(教材P27)In 1603，Raleigh was_charged_with the crime of betraying his country，and sentenced to death.在1603年，罗利被起诉犯有叛国罪，法官宣判他死刑。
(1)be charged with因……被控告；起诉
The police charged the man with stealing the car.
警察指控这个人偷了车。
He was charged with murder.他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
【提示】 charge sb.with sth.＝accuse sb.of sth.指责/控告某人做了某事
The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.
青少年指责他们父母误导他们。
She claims that her employers accused her of theft.
她声称她的老板指控她盗窃。
charge vt. 控告；要价；充电
free of charge 免费
charge sb.with sth./doing sth. 指控某人(做)某事
accuse sb.of sth./doing sth. 指控某人(做)某事
charge sb.money for sth./doing sth. 向某人索要……的钱
charge for 为……收取费用
in charge of sth. 负责……
in the charge of sb. ……由某人负责
take charge of sth. 负责；管理
How much do you charge for mending this pair of shoes?
修理这双鞋你要多少钱？
It takes ten hours to charge a battery.
给电池充一次电要花十个小时。
一句多译
刘先生负责这些文件。
①_______________________________________________________
②_______________________________________________________
③_______________________________________________________
【答案】 ①Mr.Liu takes charge of these documents. ②Mr.Liu is in charge of these documents. ③These documents are in the charge of Mr.Liu.
(2)sentence vt.宣判
The judge sentenced the thief to five years in prison.
法官判决那个小偷五年徒刑。
The young man was sentenced to all his life in prison for the murder.
这个年轻人因为谋杀罪被判终身监禁。
The murderer was sentenced to death at last.
这个杀人犯最终被判死刑。
sentence sb. to death/life imprisonment 判某人死刑/终身监禁
sentence sb. to do sth. 判处某人做某事
sentence n. 句子；宣判，判刑
The judge sentenced him to five years' imprisonment for dealing with drugs.
因犯毒罪他被法官判刑5年。
The judge sentenced him to work in the desert for a year.
法官宣判他到沙漠劳动一年。
The judge passed the sentence.
法官宣布了判决。
完成句子
④法官判他无期徒刑。
The judge ______________ life imprisonment.
⑤他们判他服劳役。
They __________________ hard labor.
【答案】 ④sentenced him to ⑤sentenced him to do
(教材P27)In 1616，he was given permission to make a trip to South America to look for gold on behalf of King James.1616年，他被允许代表詹姆士国王去南美洲寻找黄金。
(1)give sb.permission to do sth.允许……做……
Father gave me permission to use his car.
爸爸允许我用他的汽车。
No official permission has been given for the event to take place.
这项活动未得到正式批准，不能进行。
ask for permission 请求许可
get/receive permission 获得允许/接受允许
give sb.permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事
with your permission 在你的许可下
without permission 未经允许
The teacher gave me permission to go home early.
老师允许我早点回家。
完成句子
①谁允许你进入这个实验室的？
Who________________the lab?
②她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。
She took the car________．
【答案】 ①gave you permission to enter
②without permission
(2)on behalf of 代表；为了
He spoke on behalf of all staff members of the company.
他代表公司全体职工讲话。
On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all.我谨代表全系感谢大家。
on behalf of sb.＝on sb.'s behalf
代表/代替某人；因为某人；为了某人
in behalf of sb.＝in sb.'s behalf 为了
She gave a piano recital in behalf of a charity.
她为某慈善机构举行了一场钢琴独奏会。
完成句子
③我代表我母亲给您写信，以表达她对您送礼物的感激之情。
I am writing ________________ to express her thanks for your gift.
④今天校长不能来，所以我要代表他发言。
The president can't be here today，so I'm going to speak ____________．
⑤噢，不要因为我而麻烦。
Oh，don't go to any trouble ____________．
【答案】 ③on behalf of my mother ④on his behalf
⑤on/in my behalf
remains n．遗产；遗物；剩余物；残骸
(教材P30)The Ming and Qing Imperial Tombs are among the most extraordinary cultural remains to be found anywhere.明清皇陵是世界上发现的最令人赞叹的文化遗产之一。
Here is the remains of a temple.这是一座寺院的废墟。
The remains of the castle can still be seen on the hill.
残存的城堡的遗迹仍能在山上被看到。
remain v． 留下，剩下，留待
linking v. 继续，依然
①remain to be done 留待以后做
②It remains to be seen... 是一个固定句式结构，意为“(情况未明)有待去证实；要看怎样发展”。
③连系动词，后接表语，意为“保持，仍旧是”，后接形容词、名词、分词、介词短语、从句或表示位置的副词，无被动语态。
His brother has become a manager，but he remains a worker.
他弟弟已经成为经理了，而他仍然是一个工人。
She remained at home with the children.
她和孩子们留在家里。
As is known，much work remained to be done.
大家都知道，还有许多工作要做。
It remains to be seen what the results of the tests will be.测试结果如何尚待以后分晓。
完成句子
①其他人走了之后，苏珊留下并将家具放回了原处。
When the others had gone，Susan ________ and put back the furniture.
②他所说的有待去证实。
What he said ______________．
【答案】 ①remained ②remains to be proved
(教材P30)Of the thirteen tombs，only Changling，Dingling and Zhaoling are open to the public.
十三陵中，只有长陵、定陵和昭陵对公众开放。
【句式分析】 在这个句型中，of在此不表示所属关系，而是表示部分和整体关系。tombs表示整体，Changling，Dingling and Zhaoling表示整体中的一部分。
Many of the students come from other countries.
学生之中的许多人来自其他国家。
Of all the works his painting was the most beautiful.
在所有这些作品之中，他的画是最美的。
翻译句子
①在所有的星球当中，太阳离我们最近。
__________________________________________________________
②我班有65名学生，其中32名是女生。
__________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①Of all the stars，the sun is the nearest to us. ②There are 65 students in our class，of whom 32 are girls/32 of whom are girls.
(教材P30)Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Ling'en Palace，known for its simple design and painted ceiling.
陵恩殿以它的简约的设计和彩绘内顶而闻名，为长陵更添宏伟与壮丽。
【句式分析】 本句是倒装句。用倒装句的目的是为了保持句子结构平衡。本句由于主语带有一个过去分词作定语，主语较长，所以把作表语的形容词、过去分词、现在分词或不定式置于句首，句子用完全倒装。其正常语序是：The Ling'en Palace is adding to the extraordinary...。
Hanging on the wall are two paintings by Qi Baishi.
墙上挂的是两张齐白石的画。
①表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首时，常采用倒装语序。句子的动词多为go，come，rush等。但主语是人称代词时，就不用倒装。
②表示地点的介词短语开头的句子，也用倒装语序。
In the center of the square stands a monument.
在广场的中心矗立着一座纪念碑。
On the back wall hangs a portrait.
一幅画像挂在后墙上。
There goes the bell.Let's begin our class.
铃响了，咱们上课吧。
There comes the bus！车来了。
Suddenly，in came a man with a mask on his face.
突然，一个戴着面具的男人出现了。
用倒装句翻译句子
①电话铃又响了。整个上午都响个不停。
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②去北京的火车来了。
__________________________________________________________
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③山里有座庙。
__________________________________________________________
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【答案】 ①There goes the phone again.It's not stopping ringing all morning.
②Here comes the train to Beijing.
③In the middle of the mountain lies a temple.
in terms of就……而言；从……方面说来
(教材P30－31)It is apparent that the Qing Tombs are influenced by the Ming Tombs，especially in terms of architecture and the way they are placed among the surrounding mountains and valleys.
清皇陵明显受到明皇陵的影响，尤其是在建筑风格和在山谷之间的选址方面。
Think of it in terms of an investment.
从投资的角度来考虑那件事。
The job is great in terms of salary，but it has its disadvantages.就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。
be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人关系好/不好
come to terms with 接受(令人不快的事物)
on sb.'s own terms 按照某人的主张
I think I've come to terms with losing my job now.
我觉得自己现在已接受了失业这一现实。
Tom is on good terms with his classmates.
汤姆与他同学的关系很好。
完成句子
①这在能量上是什么意思呢？
What does this________calories?
②据说老张和那个部长的关系特别好。
It's said that Mr.Zhang is ________ the minister.
【答案】 ①mean in terms of ②on good terms with
take up开始从事；占(时间、地方等)；处理；接受(建议，提议等)；继续做
(教材P31)The tombs，which were built over a period of 247 years，take up 78 square kilometres.
这些陵墓的建造历时247年，占地78平方公里。
That big table takes up too much room.
那张大桌子占据了太多的空间。
Learning English takes up a lot of my time.
学英语占据了我许多时间。
He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.
他开始学习英语之前已经学了一年半日语了。
take apart 拆卸；拆开
take down 记下
take in 欺骗；吸收；吸纳；收留
take off 起飞
take on 呈现
take over 接收；接管
take care of 照顾；照料
take away 使消失；拿走，带走
He was homeless，so we took him in.
他无家可归，我们便收留了他。
The plane took off an hour late.
飞机起飞晚了一个小时。
写出take up在句子中的汉语意思
①When he left school he took up journalism.________
②He took up the invitation to visit.________
③I'll take up the story where you left off.________
④The table takes up too much space.________
⑤The hospital manager has promised to take the matter up with the member of staff involved.________
用take短语完成下列句子
⑥I'd like to ________ the point you raised earlier.
⑦He ________ the company after his father died.
⑧I was given some pills to ________ the pain.
【答案】 ①从事 ②接受 ③继续讲 ④占据 ⑤处理 ⑥take up ⑦took over ⑧take away
as a result因此；结果是
(教材P31)As a result，the government has strengthened regulation to protect these historic sites.
因此政府加强管理来保护这些历史遗址。
He worked hard at his study.As a result，he passed the exam easily.
他学习很努力，因此他轻而易举地通过了这次考试。
as a result of 由于……的结果
without result 毫无结果地
result in 造成；导致(接结果)
result from 产生结果；发生；因……而引起(接原因)
She died as a result of injuries.她由于受伤而死亡。
As a result of the fire，thousands of people lost their homes.
由于那场大火，成千上万的人失去了家园。
The meeting was over without result.
会议毫无结果地结束了。
完成句子
①很多人因这次车祸丧生了。
Many people died __________________ the accident.
②这场车祸导致他的死亡。
The accident ________ his death.
③这次事故起因于粗心驾驶。
The accident ________ careless driving.
【答案】 ①as a result of ②resulted in ③resulted from
有关保护文化遗产的书面表达
[写作指导]
本单元的写作项目与保护文化遗产有关。写作时应注意以下几点：
1．精心谋篇布局，巧妙构建文章框架
首先应交代自己的写作目的；接着可介绍目前文化遗产所面临的现状；最后号召人们保护文化遗产，提出解决问题的措施。如果提出的建议不止一条，应有序地进行介绍。
2．正确使用时态和语态，提高语言准确性
整篇文章应使用现在时态。介绍文化遗产的价值应使用一般现在时的主动语态。介绍文化遗产所受到的破坏应使用一般现在时的被动语态。表达自己的合理化建议时可用should，must，can等情态动词。
3．贴切使用过渡性词汇，提高行文逻辑性
总体介绍文化遗产的价值时可用as we all know，as you may have seen等过渡性短语；分层介绍文化遗产的重要性时可用not only...but also...，besides，what's more，in addition等作过渡；介绍破坏文化遗产的行为导致严重危害时可用however，for example，what's worse，to make things even worse，as a result，as a consequence等；逐条提建议时可使用first，second，then，at the same time，in the meanwhile，finally，at last，in the end等。相信这些过渡性词汇和短语的准确使用会有效增强文章的连贯性和逻辑性。
[佳作构建]
据报道每年6月的第二个星期六是我国的“文化遗产日”，目的是使人们增强保护文化遗产的意识。请你根据下列信息写一篇100词左右的宣传稿。
我国文化遗产现状：游客乱丢垃圾；乱涂乱画。
文化遗产的价值：是中国人的骄傲；向古人学习；促进旅游业和经济的发展。
措施：如何保护文化遗产。
注意：短文必须包括所有的内容要点，可适当发挥。
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第1步
思路——分析透彻是前提
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：首先开门见山提出话题。接着从多个角度分析文化遗产的重要性，然后介绍目前文化遗产所面临的现状，最后号召人们保护文化遗产，提出解决问题的措施。
第2步
词汇——必用词汇是关键
1.________________目标
2．________________提醒
3．________________有价值的
4．________________而且
5．________________对……有影响
6．________________破坏；毁坏
7．________________行为
8．________________采取措施做……
【答案】 1.aim/goal 2.remind...of 3.valuable/of value 4.besides/what's more/in addition 5.have an effect/impact/influence on 6.damage/destroy 7.behavior 8.take measures/steps/action to do sth.
第3步
句式——熟练翻译是根本
1.据报道每年6月的第二个星期六是我国的“文化遗产日”，这一天提醒人们保护我们周围的文化遗产。
________________the second Saturday of each June is China Cultural Heritage Day.___________protecting the cultural relics around us.
2．众所周知，保护文化遗产非常重要。
______________，it is important for us to protect cultural relics.
3．许多人不管到哪里参观都随地丢垃圾。
A lot of people throw rubbish on the ground ______________．
4．因此，是我们该采取措施保护这些文化遗产的时候了。
Therefore，______________to take measures to protect cultural relics.
【答案】 1.It is reported that；The day reminds people of 2.As we all know 3.wherever they are visiting 4.it is high time
第4步
成文——连句成篇是目的
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【参考范文】
It is reported that the second Saturday of each June is China Cultural Heritage Day.The day reminds people of protecting the cultural relics around us.
As we all know，it is important for us to protect cultural relics.We can learn a lot from our ancestors and feel proud of being a Chinese.Besides，they have a positive effect on local economy and tourism.
However，a lot of people throw rubbish on the ground wherever they are visiting.Also，the young like to write their names on walls of buildings.As a result，a large number of cultural heritages have been badly destroyed.
Therefore，it is high time to take measures to protect cultural relics.We can make speeches or put up posters outside some places of interest.
课件73张PPT。Unit 2 Witnessing timeSection Ⅳ Task & Project点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !核心要点回扣
Ⅰ.重点单词
根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词及派生词
1．________ vt.联想，联系 adj.非正式的；副职的
2．________ adj.平的；平淡的，单调的 n．公寓，单元房
3．________ vt.任命，委任
4．________ vt.修理；解决
5．________ adj.稳步的，持续的，匀速的
6．________ n．评估，评价
7．________n．(戏剧的)演出；电影，戏剧
8．________n．灵感；启发灵感的人(或事物)
9．________ vt.& vi.离婚，使分离n.离婚；分离
10．________ n．风流韵事；公共事务；事件
11．________ vt.判刑 n．判决，宣判
12．________ adj.明显的，显而易见的
13．________ n．管理，管控；规章制度，条例
14．________ vt.强调；重读n.强调；重读，重音；压力
15．________ vt.&vi.登记，注册n.登记表，注册簿
16．________ n．政治→________ adj.政治上的
17．________ n．偷，盗窃→________ n．小偷
18．________ n．埃及→________ n．埃及人
19．________ n．装饰品；装潢→________ vt.装饰
20．________ n．帮助，援助→________ v．帮助，协助
【答案】 1.associate 2.flat 3.appoint 4.mend 5.steady 6.assessment 7.production 8.inspiration 9.divorce 10.affair 11.sentence 12.apparent 13.regulation 14.stress 15.register 16.politics；political 17.theft；thief 18.Egypt；Egyptian 19.decoration；decorate 20.assistance；assist
Ⅱ.重点短语
根据汉语提示写出下列各组短语
1．________________察觉到，意识到
2. ________________对……有影响
3. ________________为纪念……，为向……表示敬意
4．________________尤其，特别
5．________________把……和……联系在一起
6．________________make huge contributions to
7．________________be charged with
8．________________sentence sb.to death.
9．________________on behalf of sb.
10．________________in terms of
【答案】 1.become/be aware of 2.have an influence on 3.in honour of 4.in particular 5.associate...with 6.对……做出巨大贡献 7.被指控犯……罪 8.判处某人死刑 9.代表某人，代替某人 10.在……方面，从……方面来说
Ⅲ.重点句式
根据所给提示补全下列教材原句
1．Therefore，the committee is teaching people ____________ (如何避免)damaging important historic buildings like those on the Acropolis.
2．____________(这是因为) the Greeks made huge contributions in the two fields.
3．We __________(认为) very important that students understand the past，...
4．________________(十三陵中)，only Changling，Dingling and Zhaoling are open to the public.
5．________________(很明显) the Qing Tombs are influenced by the Ming Tombs，...
【答案】 1.how to avoid 2.This is because 3.consider it 4.Of the thirteen tombs 5.It is apparent that
课件11张PPT。Unit 2 Witnessing time单元尾 核心要点回扣点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时分层作业(四)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We should be polite，in particular(尤其)to parents.
2．Nothing has a greater influence(影响) on her life than the failure of the examination.
3．I have met her three times in the past fortnight(两周)．
4．He is thinking of going into politics(政治)，and trying to become a member of Parliament.
5．The president appointed(任命)a new director.
6．He is busy mending(维修)the light in the hall.
7．She is making steady(稳定的)progress in her learning.
8．What's your assessment(估计)of her chances of winning?
9．He is too clumsy(不灵巧的)to be a good dancer.
10．I don't like you associating(交往)with those people.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Why do governments spend money on programs of science awareness(aware)?
2．Many a woman has great influence on her husband.
3．He knows how to_make(make) a joke.
4．Judgment should be based(base) on facts, not on hearsay.
5．I have an appointment(appoint) with my dentist this afternoon.
6．The young man was told not to give up the day job.
7．They soon got used to driving(drive) on the left.
8．At the time, I was associated(associate) with him in a large law firm.
9．They are holding a birthday party in honour of the prince.
10．I am afraid you are too particular about your food.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Daban town is famous for girls and windmills，while Loulan is a myth(神话)in the desert.Two thousand years ago，beside the beautiful Luobu Lake，there lay Loulan ancient city of the Silk Road.Businessmen from every country gathered there with lots of dancing parties.Everything shows that people in Loulan lived a rich life then.
However，two thousand years later，this rich land suddenly disappeared from the map of China.It became an area covered with sand and dead tree trunks.
Loulan was first“discovered”by a Swedish man named Sven Hedin in 1900，and people from America，Britain，Japan and Sweden all set foot here.Then in the 1930s，a Chinese named Huang Wenbi came to Loulan for the first time.He visited and studied this area and found many relics(遗物)that were beautifully and carefully made.
It is recorded that the ancient city of Loulan was the capital of the Loulan Kingdom during the Han and Jin Dynasties，and covered an area of some 100，000 sq.kilometers.Inside the city，there are the ruins of government offices，temples and other old buildings.Outside the city there are some dried-up rivers and much farmland.In the past century many things have been dug up there including Han Dynasty coins，mirrors and many others of Greek and Roman times.All these things show that a lot of business between the East and the West once took place there.
Lying on the northwest of the Lop Nur area，the Loulan Kingdom is now a lifeless area with endless “forests” of mounds(小丘)which aren't easily seen in other parts of the world.Its mystery(神秘)has been attracting many people from many countries.
1. The first person setting foot in Loulan in the 20th century was________．
A．a European B．an American
C．a Chinese D．a Japanese
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Loulan was first ‘discovered’ by a Swedish man named Sven Hedin in 1900...”可以判断出答案。
【答案】 A
2．Before Loulan disappeared，________．
A．there was no government in that area
B．people from America and Japan had been there
C．a lifeless area with lots of mounds could easily be seen there
D．much business between the East and the West had taken place there
【解析】 细节理解题。从文章第四段的最后一句“All these things show that a lot of business between the East and the West once took place there.”可知，出土的文物表明楼兰古国时期东西方贸易往来很频繁。
【答案】 D
3. What can be inferred from the text?
A．Loulan was destroyed by the terrible weather there.
B．Wars between the countries made Loulan disappear.
C．Too many people gathered in Loulan and destroyed it.
D．How Loulan ancient city disappeared is still unknown to us.
【解析】 推理判断题。文章第二段说楼兰古国两千年后从地图上突然消失，但下文并未提到消失的原因。
【答案】 D
4．Which of the following is the BEST title for the text?
A．Famous Town，Daban
B．An Ancient Town in the Desert
C．The Ancient Cities in China
D．The Business in Ancient Loulan
【解析】 主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文的叙述围绕沙漠中的楼兰古城而展开。
【答案】 B
B
The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out，they float free in zero gravity，often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾) dancer.“I'm an inside guy，”Mike Hopkins says，who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”
On the station，the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity，it's just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air，the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气)has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao，54，an American retired astronaut after four flights，describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight.That can be annoying—that's why some people feel sick.”Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear，and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance，astronauts lose bone mass.That's why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things：recovery time once astronauts return home，and，more importantly，how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。在太空中的生活有多神秘？这可能是你想象不到的。本文从不同角度介绍了在太空中生活时你要面对的各种挑战。
5．What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?
A．Deciding on a proper sleep position.
B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D．Finding a right time to go to sleep.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Its position presents its own challenges.”可知，在太空中睡觉时，首先要面对的就是睡觉的姿势问题，这与A项中的position吻合。其他三个选项都表述片面，不能概括position一词，所以选择A项。
【答案】 A
6．The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when ________．
A．they circle around on their bikes
B．they use microcomputers without a stop
C．they exercise in one place for a long time
D．they watch a movie while pedaling
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long...You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.”可知，如果在一个地方待的时间太长，没有了重力帮助空气流通，呼出的二氧化碳就有可能在你的头附近形成隐形的云朵，你就会得“二氧化碳”头疼症，这与C项的表述吻合。A、B、D三项描述的都不是长时间在一个地方的活动，所以不会产生“二氧化碳”头疼症。
【答案】 C
7．Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ________．
A．their senses stop working
B．they have to stand up straight
C．they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D．their brains receive contradictory messages
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight.That can be annoying—that's why some people feel sick.”可知，在太空中，你的内耳认为你要倒下，而眼睛却告诉你你在直立，也就是内耳和眼睛输出的信息是矛盾的，所以有些人会感到恶心，故选择D项。在太空中宇航员的感官不会停止工作，所以A项错误；B项是对文意的错误理解；C项表述的情况在太空中可能会发生，但是这种情况不会使宇航员们感到恶心(feel sick)，所以与题干不符，故排除。
【答案】 D
8．One of NASA's major concerns about astronauts is ________．
A．how much exercise they do on the station
B．how they can remain healthy for long in space
C．whether they can recover after returning home
D．whether they are able to go back to the station
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“NASA is worried about two things...”可知，NASA担心的是宇航员回家之后需要的恢复时间和怎样在两年半或更长时间的绕火星的旅行中保持体力和健康，这与B项中的remain healthy for long in space吻合，由此可知应该选择B项。A、D两项在原文中并没有提及，C项是对原文的错误理解。
【答案】 B
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1．他被任命为这家公司的经理。(appoint)
He_was_appointed_(as/to_be)_manager_of_the_company.
2．他不知道说什么。(疑问词加不定式)
He_didn't_know_what_to_say.
3．军队已经控制了全国。(control)
The_army_has_taken_control_of_the_whole_country.
4．你知道我说的话的意思吗？(aware)
Are_you_aware_of_what_I_said?
5．在公众心目中，他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。(associate)
He_is_closely_associated_with_horror_movies_in_the_public_mind.
Ⅴ.语法填空
There was a young flower in the desert 1.where all was dry and sad looking...It was growing by itself，2.enjoying(enjoy) every day and saying to the sun，“3.When shall I be grown up？”And the sun would say“Be 4.patient(patience)！Each time I touch you，you grow a little.”She was so pleased 5.because she would have a chance to bring beauty to this corner of sand.And this is all she wanted to do—bring a little bit of beauty to this world.
6．But one day the hunter came by and stepped on her.She was going to die and she felt so sad，not because she was 7.dying(die)，but because she would 8.never(ever) have a chance to bring a little bit of beauty to this corner of the desert.The great spirit saw her，and was listening—Indeed，he said...She should be living...So he reached down and touched her—and gave her 9.a second life.
Finally she grew up to be a beautiful flower.And this corner of the desert also became so beautiful because 10.of the little flower.
课时分层作业(五)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The majority(多数)of Greek words are about science and technology.
2．People from all over the world have made great contributions(贡献)to American culture.
3．He focused(集中……在……)his attention on his study.
4．All athletes want to participate(参加)in the Olympic Games.
5．In our school students who love music are encouraged(鼓励)to sing in the hall.
6．We consider(考虑)going outing this weekend.
7．He insisted(坚持)that he shouldn't be punished because of this mistake.
8．There were 14 people killed in the accident，including(包括)2 women and a child.
9．One of the aims of the organization is to preserve(保存)culture and natural heritage.
10．The poor boy left school since their parents were divorced(离婚)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The children's attention was focused on the stage.
2．We made a contribution(contribute) to the famine relief fund.
3．Thank you for your support and participation(participate)．
4．A new problem has reared up in production.
5．He considers it necessary to study English.
6．He insisted that all of us should_be(be) there on time by any means.
7．Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.
8．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.
9．The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
10．I truly believe that beauty comes from within.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
It brings a whole new meaning to the term “windowshopping”．
Ocado is launching a “virtual (虚拟的)” high street shop with pictures of groceries. Customers scan the barcodes (条形码) of products they want to buy using their smartphones—and the goods are delivered to the front door. The new “shopping window” is being launched in central London and could be rolled_out across the country.
Ocado says the novel project could be a taste of the future of shopping as busy commuters (上下班往返的人)are able to order their groceries without being forced to pack and carry home their items.
It comes after a similar trial by Tesco carried out in a South Korean subway. The supermarket giants created a virtual store consisting of posters of shelves stocked with goods. After the success of the trial, Tesco is reportedly planning on bringing the virtual supermarket to Britain.
The Ocado wall will operate on a trial basis at the One New Change shopping centre until September 1. Customers have to download the Ocado On The Go app before they can buy products from the “window shop”. If the trial proves successful, Ocado plans to set up new walls in other empty shop units around the UK.
Ocado co-founder Jason Gissing said：“We hope this trial is a hit and, based on its success, we'll be looking at options around continuing this ‘virtual window-shopping’ approach in other places.”
Ocado spokesman Ben Lovett added: “The shop will be a printed window display featuring some of our most popular items. Barcodes underneath will let you scan the items and drop them into your basket on the app. Then you simply book a delivery and get on with your day.”
Ocado has never launched a “real” store and it is the first time it has had a physical presence on the high street.A spokesman for the online grocer said 15% of Ocado orders are now placed on mobile phones.
【语篇解读】 英国网络杂货店Ocado在伦敦设立了虚拟的购物窗，顾客只需用手机扫描想要购买的商品的条形码，商品就会被送到购物者的家中。
1．How do customers do shopping from the new shopping window?
A．By placing an order through the Internet at home.
B．By making phone calls to the shopkeepers.
C．By sending text messages of goods to the suppliers.
D．By scanning the barcodes with their smartphones.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，通过虚拟的购物窗，顾客只需用手机扫描想要购买的商品的条形码，商品就会被送到购物者的家中。
【答案】 D
2．The underlined phrase “rolled out” in Paragraph 2 probably can be replaced by ________．
A．spread B．presented
C．pressed D．accessed
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，目前伦敦市中心正在设立这种虚拟橱窗，它可能会慢慢遍及英国各地。对比“in central London”和“across the country”可知，“roll out”在本句中表示“传播，蔓延”。故选spread。
【答案】 A
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Ocado has increased its sales by 15% by opening street shops.
B．It was Tesco that first launched a virtual store in South Korea.
C．Ocado has many branch stores including Tesco in South Korea.
D．More “shopping windows” will open in London by September 1.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容尤其是“It comes after a similar trial by Tesco”可知，Tesco首先在韩国地铁站设立了虚拟商店，而Ocado是在Tesco之后设立了类似的橱窗。故B项符合文意。
【答案】 B
4．What do we know about Ocado?
A．It only sells groceries online.
B．It is a supermarket delivering goods directly.
C．It has “window shops” in many British cities.
D．Half of its groceries are sold on mobile phones.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，Ocado从来没有创办过一个实体店。可见，Ocado只通过网络进行销售。
【答案】 A
Ⅳ.完形填空
Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly __1__ the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization __2__ for all?
According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce __3__ in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth __4__ to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to __5__ three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes __6__ at an average rate of five percent __7__ to two percent in developed countries.
Those who __8__ globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. __9__， small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in __10__ open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually __11__ the gap between the rich and poor. A study __12__ by the UN-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually __13__ from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native people have been left behind.__14__， they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to __15__ their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of __16__. When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart __17__， these small businesses will not be able to __18__ and will be crowded out.
One thing is certain about globalization—there is no __19__. Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The __20__ now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.
【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述的是市场开放，即全球化给人们带来的影响。文章中包含两种截然相反的观点，一种陈述的是全球化带来的好处，另一种陈述的是全球化带来的问题，两种观点各有充足的论点和论据。文章最后得出结论，全球化不可避免、无回头路可走，只有想办法找到一条最好的全球化的道路。
1．A.transforming B．transferring
C．transporting D．transiting
【解析】 A．transforming转换，改变；B.transferring转让，过户；C.transporting运输；D.transiting运输；在过去的几十年里，越来越多的国家已经开放了市场，越来越多的世界经济转型为自由流动的全球市场。
【答案】 A
2．A.possible B．smooth
C．good D．easy
【解析】 A．possible可能的；B.smooth顺利的，平滑的；C.good好的；D.easy容易的；根据上一句的“increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market”逐渐地把世界经济转变为了一个自由流动的全球市场。很明显这是讲的市场开放的好处，因此后面提出问题，“问题是，经济全球化对所有人都好吗(有好处吗)？”
【答案】 C
3．A.crime B．poverty
C．conflict D．population
【解析】 A．crime犯罪；B.poverty贫穷；C.conflict冲突；D.population人口；根据后文的“It quotes one study that shows increased wealth __4__ to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries ”中的increased wealth“增加的财富”可知，市场开放给这些国家带来了财富的增加，财富增加了，那么就是减少了贫困问题，故选择B项。
【答案】 B
4．A.contributing B．responding
C．turning D．owing
【解析】 contributing to促成，导致；responding to对……做出反应；turning to转向，向某人求助；owing to由于。根据后面的improved education and longer life 可知，教育得到了改善，人的寿命得到了延长，因此是产生了好的促进作用，因此选择A项。
【答案】 A
5．A.or so B．some
C．certain D．only
【解析】 A．or so大约；B.some大约；C.certain某一、必然；D.only仅仅。大约30亿人的家园，or so放在要修饰的词后面。
【答案】 B
6．A.remain B．drop
C．shift D．increase
【解析】 A．remain保持；B.drop下降；C.shift变化；D.increase增长；上文提到increased wealth，这24个国家的人的收入增加了平均百分之五。
【答案】 D
7．A.contrasting B．contrary
C．compared D．comparing
【解析】 A．contrasting对比，对照；B.contrary相反的；C.compared与……相比；D.comparing与……相比；compared to意为“与……相比”，可视为独立成分。
【答案】 C
8．A.doubt B．define
C．advocate D．ignore
【解析】 A．doubt怀疑；B.define定义；C.advocate提倡；D.ignore忽视；根据后面的 “economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses”可知，发展中国家的经济收益源于小型的、家庭型生意获得的新机会，尤其是其中的“benefit from”可知，该观点的those是指支持、提倡市场开放的人，因此选择C项。
【答案】 C
9．A.In addition B．For instance
C．In other words D．All in all
【解析】 A．In addition此外；B.For instance例如；C.In other words换句话说；D.All in all总之；上一句讲到了小型的、家庭型的生意会获得更多的机会，该句讲的是他们具体是得到怎样的机会，因此属于具体说明、举例说明，故选择B项。
【答案】 B
10．A.mature B．new
C．local D．foreign
【解析】 A．mature成熟的；B.new新的；C.local当地的；D.foreign外国的；前半句的originally和本句中的now，worldwide是对比关系，即过去是当地市场，现在市场开放后是全球市场。
【答案】 C
11．A.finding B．exploring
C．bridging D．widening
【解析】 A．finding找到；B.exploring探索；C.bridging架桥；D.widening拓宽；根据前面的“Critics take a different view”可知，该部分陈述的是反对市场开放的观点，因此他们认为市场开放会加大(widen)穷人和富人之间的差距。
【答案】 D
12．A.conducted B．carrying out
C．got D．making
【解析】 A．conducted进行；B.carrying out执行；C.got得到；D.making使，制造；conduct a study“进行一项研究”。
【答案】 A
13．A.suffered B．profited
C．learned D．withdrawn
【解析】 A．suffered遭受；B.profited获益；C.learned学习；D.withdrawn撤走，拿走；根据后面的“the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native people have been left behind”可知，穷人、未受教育的人、没有技术的工人和当地人都被丢在了后面，也就是说只有少部分人是从中(市场开放)受益的，即profit from sth.，“从……中受益、获益”。
【答案】 B
14．A.Furthermore B．Therefore
C．However D．Otherwise
【解析】 A．Furthermore此外；B.Therefore因此；C.However然而；D.Otherwise否则；根据下文的“globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses”意为全球化会逐渐威胁到新兴企业。该观点与上面几句的观点类似，都是属于反对市场开放的，因此与上一观点是递进关系，因此选择A项。
【答案】 A
15．A.consume B．deliver
C．export D．advertise
【解析】 A．consume消耗，消费；B.deliver递送，发表；C.export出口；D.advertise做广告；例如，印度的手艺人目前看起来是从全球化中受益了，因为他们可以出口他们的商品，但是他们很快就会面对激烈的竞争，这可能会让他们破产。
【答案】 C
16．A.trouble B．business
C．power D．mind
【解析】 A．trouble麻烦；B.business生意；C.power权力；D.mind想法；out of trouble 脱离困境 ；out of business破产；out of power丧失权力；out of mind心不在焉。根据“face fierce competition ”可知，激烈的竞争可能会导致他们破产。
【答案】 B
17．A.pouring B．coming in
C．flow D．move in
【解析】 A．pouring涌出；B.coming in 进来；C.flow流，流出；D.move in搬进，迁进；当大型制造商开始生产同样的产品，或者像Wal-Mart这样的大型超市搬进来，小手艺人的生意将不能继续下去。
【答案】 D
18．A.keep up B．come in
C．go around D．help out
【解析】 A．keep up保持；B.come in进来；C.go around四处走动；D.help out帮助……摆脱困境。根据上文的out of business“破产”和下文的be crowded out“被排挤出去”可知，此处指的是小手艺人的生意将不能继续下去。
【答案】 A
19．A.taking off B．getting along
C．holding out D．turning back
【解析】 A．taking off起飞，脱掉；B.getting along与……相处；C.holding out伸出、坚持；D.turning back往回走；根据下文可知，随着科技的发展，还会有更多的开放政策，因此可知，全球化是必然的，是没有回头路可走。
【答案】 D
20．A.agreement B．prediction
C．outcome D．challenge
【解析】 A．agreement同意，合同；B.prediction预测；C.outcome后果；D.challenge挑战；目前最大的挑战就是找到一个方法，来创造出一个能够对每一个人都有好处的全球化。
【答案】 D
Ⅴ.短文改错
My name is Li Hua. I was born in Qingdao，Shandong Province on February 1995.I started the school in 2001 when I was six. I studied happy in Guangming Primary School from 2001 to 2007. After that I went to No. 39 Middle School of Qingdao and graduate in 2013.The main subjects I study at school included Chinese，maths，English，physics，chemistry and computer.
I like English and computer best and I am very good at it.Last year I winned first prize in the school computer competition. In my spare time I enjoy listening popular music and collecting stamp.My favourite sports is swimming in summer and skating in winter.
【答案】 My name is Li Hua. I was born in Qingdao，Shandong Province February 1995. I started school in 2001 when I was six. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 2001 to 2007. After that I went to No. 39 Middle School of Qingdao and in 2013. The main subjects I at school included Chinese，maths，English，physics，chemistry and computer.
I like English and computer best and I am very good at .Last year I first prize in the school computer competition. In my spare time I enjoy listening popular music and collecting . My favourite sports swimming in summer and skating in winter.
课时分层作业(六)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She divorced (离婚)her husband two years ago.
2．My sister and I put Christmas decorations(装饰物)on the tree.
3．It is apparent (明显地)to us that he hasn't done his work properly.
4．The trees were a good protection(保护)against the wind.
5．I'm fed up with rules and regulations(规章制度)．
6．The air was fragrant(芳香的)with scents from the sea and the hills.
7．I will give assistance(帮助)to them.
8．I insist that you withdraw(收回)your offensive remarks immediately.
9．This glass dish looks very fragile(脆弱)．
10．She is having an affair(暧昧关系)with her boss.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Mrs Li gave birth to twins this morning.
2．He raised his voice to make himself heard(hear)．
3．The young man was charged with robbery with violence.
4．The judge sentenced him to five years in prison.
5．You must ask permission(permit) if you want to leave early.
6．It's said that his lameness resulted from an accident.
7．A lot of problems remain to be_solved(solve)．
8．Let me on behalf of our president Mr. Johnson, wish you a happy journey.
9．He had his car repaired(repair) yesterday.
10．Staying up late makes him at his worst in terms of physical situation.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off” between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.
This year，25，310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，” he said.
But not everyone is happy.Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship－young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15，000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了这样一种现象——现在越来越多的学生采取了“间隔年”的上学方式，即推迟一年再上大学，在此期间挣钱缴纳学费。文章也提到了人们对这种做法的观点。
1．What do we learn about the gap year from the text?
A．It is flexible in length.
B．It is a time for relaxation.
C．It is increasingly popular.
D．It is required by universities.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“have put off their entry until next year”可知是一年的时间，排除A项“时间长度是灵活的”。根据最后一段中的“more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree”可知越来越多的学生利用间隔年来挣钱缴纳学费，排除B项“这是一段放松的时间”。间隔年不是大学要求的，因此排除D项。根据第一段的“More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)．..”和第三段的“That is a record 14.7% increase...”可知间隔年越来越受学生们的欢迎，所以选C项。
【答案】 C
2．According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year________．
A．are better prepared for college studies
B．know a lot more about their future jobs
C．are more likely to leave university in debt
D．have a better chance to enter top universities
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course...”可知，采用间隔年的学生对所选择的课程更加满意，更可能完成所选课程，故A项正确。B项“对他们将来的工作了解得多”在文中未提及，可排除。根据最后一段可知，这些学生在间隔年里挣钱缴纳学费，故排除C项“更有可能在大学毕业的时候欠债”。根据第一段的第一句话可知，采用间隔年是在被大学录取之后，故排除D项“更有希望考入顶级大学”。
【答案】 A
3．How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?
A．He's puzzled. B．He's worried.
C．He's surprised. D．He's annoyed.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.”可知Owain James对间隔年现象很担忧，故B项正确。puzzled疑惑的；surprised吃惊的；annoyed生气的。
【答案】 B
4．What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?
A．Attend additional courses.
B．Make plans for the new term.
C．Earn money for their education.
D．Prepare for their graduate studies.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.”可知，越来越多的学生在间隔年中挣钱缴纳学费来获取他们的学位，故C项“为了他们的教育而挣钱”正确。A项“上额外的课程”，B项“为新学期做计划”，D项“为他们的毕业学习做准备”，在文中均未提及，故排除。
【答案】 C
Ⅳ.阅读七选五
Your children are watching you.__1__ According to the Health Program, developing healthy habits is an important part for your children. And when it comes to developing healthy habits, parents influence their children more than anyone else.
__2__ What happens during those early years can influence children for the rest of their lives. This includes some eating and exercise habits. Children are very careful, even at a young age. Children watch what others do carefully and imitate the behaviors of those closest to them. As parents, you should do the following: __3__ If you do that, your children are more likely to be enthusiastic about developing theirs.
Let your children see you taking care of your own physical health by eating fruits and vegetables. Talk to them about healthy habits in appropriate terms and at a proper time. __4__
__5__ Computers, televisions and other forms of technology are a major part of life in the 21st century. Unfortunately, as the use of technology in the home increases, so does the time spent watching TV or playing on the computer. So as parents, you should also arrange the time for your children wisely.
A．Take part in physical activities and exercise regularly.
B．Don't get rid of technology, but use it wisely.
C．Be enthusiastic about developing healthy habits of your own.
D．Your actions are speaking to them louder than your words will.
E．Children prefer to imitate their parents rather than listen to them.
F．This can be helpful to teach your children to form good eating habits.
G．It's easy for the children to form their healthy habits when they are young.
【答案】 1－5 DGCFB
Ⅴ.书面表达
下面是有关我国著名的赵州桥的介绍：
1．赵州桥位于河北省赵县以南，被联合国列为世界文化遗产，得到了中国政府很好的保护。
2．赵州桥始建于公元590年，花费18年的时间，由李春设计建造。
3．赵州桥全部是由石头建成。
4．桥长50.82米，宽10米，比中国古代的任何石桥都要宽，恰似一弯大彩虹。
5．每年都有成千上万的人来参观。
写作要求：
1．标题：Zhaozhou Stone Bridge
2．词数：100左右。内容必须包括所有提示要点，不要逐条翻译。
3．参考词汇：文化遗产——cultural heritage 彩虹——rainbow 被列为——be listed as
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【参考范文】
Zhaozhou Stone Bridge
Zhaozhou Stone Bridge, standing south of Zhao County, Hebei Province, is listed as a world's cultural heritage by the United Nations. It was Li Chun who started to build the bridge in 590 AD and spent 18 years finishing it.
The bridge, wholly made of stones, is 50.82 meters long and 10 meters wide. It is said that it is wider than any other stone bridge in ancient China and looks like a big rainbow. Zhaozhou Stone Bridge, visited by hundreds and thousands of tourists yearly, is preserved well by the Chinese government.
