Go to pot
This phrase was originally used in the kitchen.All of the leftovers that weren't good for anything else went to pot.That is，they were thrown into a big pot to make a stew.Now when we say something has gone to pot，we mean it has not been taken care of and has gone bad.
“Have you checked the garden recently？” Dan asked.“No，”Pete replied，“not for a week or so.”
“You'd better get out there，or the weeds will take over and the whole thing will go to pot.”
Live and let live
This saying means mind your own business and let other people live as they wish to live.
Kenya said to Daryl，“Look at those ugly shoes! You need to buy some new ones.”“Kenya，I think these are cool shoes，” Daryl said.“I'm going to keep dressing the way I want to dress.As for you，you'd better learn to live and let live.”
Shipshape
When a ship is ready to sail，with all its decks cleaned and equipment in good order，it is shipshape.We use this saying to describe anything that is in perfect order.
Mrs.Walters waved her hand around the messy classroom.The desks were covered with colored paper，paint，water and paintbrushes.“Listen up！” she called out.“Nobody goes to lunch until this room is shipshape.”
Through thick and thin
If you're riding a horse in the forest，it's harder to ride through thick woods than it is to ride through thin woods.But a determined rider will ride through thick and thin to get to his destination.We use this expression to describe someone who will persist through good times and bad.
“Maleek and I are best friends，” Dwayne explained，“He's stuck with me through thick and thin.”
1．What did Dan hope Pete to do according to the text?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2．Which phrase do you use if you want to express the meaning that you support someone，even in difficult situations?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【答案】 1.To take care of the garden.
2．Through thick and thin.
Section Ⅰ Reading(Welcome to the unit & Reading)
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．straightforward A．not covered by any clothes
2．vague B．easily damaged or broken
3．underline C．to become ripe；to make sth.ripe
4．bare D．easy to do or to understand；not complicated
5．strike E．to hit sb./sth. hard or with force
6．sow F．to plant or spread seeds in or on the ground
7．ripen G．not clear in a person's mind
8．delicate H．to draw a line under a word，sentence，etc.
【答案】 1.D 2.G 3.H 4.A 5.E 6.F 7.C 8.B
Ⅱ.用下列短语的适当形式填空
in other words；by and by；every penny；hire oneself out；catch on；be different from；translate...into；either...or；in honour of
1．John was asked to leave the firm.____________，he was fired.
2．His views _____________ those of their parents.
3．Please ____________the Chinese sentences __________ English.
4．___________ you ____________ your father can join in the game.
5．They built a monument ____________ the soldiers killed in the war.
【答案】 1.In other words 2.are different from 3.translate；into 4.Either；or 5.in honour of
Ⅰ.阅读P50－51内容，从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Which of the following statement is true about an idiom?
A．Its meaning is straightforward.
B．Its meaning can be understood by its separate words.
C．It has a special meaning.
2．Which is NOT the language that the Bible was first written in?
A．English. B．Hebrew. C．Greek.
3．What does the idiom “feet of clay” mean?
A．It means that there is a hidden weakness in somebody whom we admire or respect.
B．It means to see signs that disaster is coming.
C．It means to have a large celebration.
【答案】 1－3 CAA
Ⅱ.阅读P50－51内容，完成下列表格
The 1._______of idioms
An idiom is a group of words or an expression and it has a special meaning which is not usually 2.________.
The 3._____of idioms
Quite a few of idioms come from the 4.________.
Different 5.______ to understand the meanings
of idioms
Have straightforward and clear meanings
Feet of clay
Use 6.________to create an image
Kill the 7._______calf
Use food or things 8.______with food
The apple of somebody's eye
The 9.________of idioms
Studying idioms can help improve our comprehension，and by learning enough important idioms，we can develop a high level of competence in our 10.________skills.
【答案】 1.definition 2.apparent/clear 3.origins 4.Bible 5.ways 6.animals 7.fatted 8.connected/linked/concerned 9.importance/functions/significance 10.communication
Ⅲ.阅读P50－51内容，完成下面课文缩写
An idiom is a group of words or an expression 1.________ meaning is not straightforward. We can't understand its meaning according to its separate words. In other words, its meaning can be 2________ (differ) from the apparent meanings of its components.
Quite a few of the idioms come from the Bible. However，3.________ time goes on, many idioms have either lost their original meanings 4.________ have only a vague or loose 5.________ (connect) with them now.
Every idiom comes from a story 6.________ different meanings. For example, “feet of clay” means that there is a 7.________ (hide) weakness in somebody whom we admire or respect，8.________ the idiom “see the handwriting on the wall” means to see signs that disaster is coming, at the same time, some idioms use animals，9.________ (agriculture) life or food to express its meaning, such as “kill the fatter calf”， “you reap what you sow” and “the apple of somebody's eye”．
By 10.________ (learn) idioms, we can improve our comprehension and develop a high level of competence in our communication skills.
【答案】 1.whose 2.different 3.as 4.or 5.connection 6.with 7.hidden 8.while 9.agricultural 10.learning
课件21张PPT。Unit 4 Behind beliefsSection Ⅰ Reading(Welcome to the unit & Reading)Thank you for watching !Section Ⅱ Language points(Welcome to the unit & Reading)
influence vt.影响；对……起作用；支配；感化
(教材P49)Taoism has greatly influenced Chinese philosophy.
道家的阴阳之说极大地影响了中国的哲学。
The weather influences crops.
天气影响收成。
Young people are quickly influenced by new ideas.
年轻人会很快地受到新思想的影响。
influence sb.to do sth. 影响某人做某事
influence n. 影响力；威望
have an influence/effect on/upon 对……有影响
influential adj. 有影响力的
Who influenced her to do that?
谁影响她做那件事的？
His family have a great influence on his ambitious future plan.
他的家庭对他踌躇满志的未来计划有很大的影响。
influence/affect
influence
指间接、潜移默化的影响，涉及行为、思想、感情等，多指影响无形的事物。
affect
仅指影响感情或具体事物。
His writings have influenced the lives of millions.
他的作品影响了千百万人的一生。
Smoking can affect heart.
吸烟可影响心脏。
用affect和influence的适当形式填空
①They try to ________ the size of the crops by using fertilizer.
②He was ________by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine.
③This example has a great ________on young people.
【答案】 ①affect ②influenced ③influence
(教材P50)An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words.
习语是组词或者是一种表达方式，其意义不是那么简单，因为习语常常无法从各个单独的单词意义中获得。
【句式分析】 whose是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词，表示“……的”之意；它可以指人，也可以指物；既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句；whose表示所属关系指物时，可与of which转换，词序一般是：名词＋of which，也可用“of which＋名词”。
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。
Look at the building，whose roof is white.
＝Look at the building，the roof of which is white.
＝Look at the building，of which the roof is white.
看那栋楼，楼顶的颜色是白的。
句型转换
①The man pulled out a gold watch，whose hands were made of diamonds.
→The man pulled out a gold watch，the hands______________ were made of diamonds.
→The man pulled out a gold watch，____________ the hands were made of diamonds.
②I bought a vase，the price of which was very cheap.
→I bought a vase，________price was very cheap.
→I bought a vase，____________ the price was very cheap.
【答案】 ①of which；of which ②whose；of which
in other words换句话说；也就是说
(教材P50)In other words，its meaning can be very different from the apparent meanings of its components.
换句话说，其意义与其各个组成部分明显的意义可能非常不同。
It goes on horizontally.In other words，it goes from side to side，not from top to bottom.
它是水平移动的。也就是说，它是从一边移动到另一边，而不是由上至下移动的。
break one's word 失信；食言
in a(one)word 总之
in word 口头上
in words 用语言
keep one's word 信守诺言
word for word 逐字地
leave word 留言
word came that... 有消息说……
Word came that a great many soldiers were sent to Ya'an Sichuan Province to rescue the people trapped in the earthquake.
有消息说大批战士被送到四川雅安去救助在地震中受困的人们。
完成句子
①换句话说，我们都不能去看电影。
__________________，none of us can go to the movies.
②他妻子是我女儿。换句话讲，我是他的岳母。
His wife is my daughter；__________________，I am his mother-in-law.
③有消息说将军要来视察军队。
__________________ the general would come to inspect the army.
④你的同学留言说他今晚来看你。
Your classmate ______________ he would come to see you this evening.
【答案】 ①In other words ②in other words ③Word came that ④left word that
either...or...或者……或者……；要么……要么……
(教材P50)However，many idioms have either lost their original meanings or have only a vague or loose connection with them now.然而，今天许多习语原意荡然无存，或只与原意有含糊或松散的联系。
It's wrong to regard our work either as totally good or as totally bad.
说我们的工作样样都好或是一无是处，都是不对的。
Either you come in person，or you entrust someone with the matter.
你要么自己来，要么就托人办这件事。
Either you or he is wrong.
要么你错了，要么他错了。
neither...nor... 既不……也不……
both...and... 既……又……；两者都……
Neither she nor I am right.她和我都不对。
Both she and I are right.她和我都对。
翻译句子
①从他的外貌可以判断他要么是位教师，要么就是医生。
__________________________________________________________
②他不抽烟也不喝酒。
__________________________________________________________
③他父母二人都参加了这个会议。
__________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①Judging by his appearance，he is either a teacher or a doctor.
②He neither smokes nor drinks.
③Both his mother and his father attended the meeting.
(教材P50)For example，‘by and by’ now means‘before long’，but in the Bible，it was used to mean‘immediately’．
例如，“by and by”现在的意思是“不久”，但在《圣经》中，它被用来表示“立刻，马上”。
(1)by and by不久，过一会儿
We'll return by and by.我们不久就会回来。
By and by she met an old man with a beard.
她不久就碰到了一个大胡子老头。
again and again 再三地，一再地
on and on 一直，继续
bit by bit 一点一点地，逐步地
little by little 渐渐地
step by step 逐步地
side by side 并肩地
day by day 一天一天地，逐日
day after day 日复一日，天天
She stood side by side with the accused.
她与被告并肩站着。
Day by day he applied himself to the task until it was finished.
他日复一日地投入那项工作，直到完成为止。
完成句子
①The pain will go away________(一会儿)．
②The opponent team gained the ground________(渐渐地)．
③His medical condition is continuing to improve________(逐日地)．
④My mother does the housework________(一天天地)．
【答案】 ①by and by ②bit by bit/little by little/step by step ③day by day ④day after day
(2)immediately adv.立刻，立即
He wrote back to her immediately.
他立刻给她回了信。
immediately conj. 一……就；一经……立即(相当于instantly，directly，the moment，the minute，as soon as)
immediate adj. 立即的；即刻的
We will start the meeting immediately he comes.
他一来我们就开会。
Instantly he saw me，he held out his hands.
他一见到我，就伸出双手。
Directly I received his letter，I went to see him.
我一收到他的信就去看他了。
I fell in love with her the moment I saw her.
我对她一见钟情。
Our government must take immediate action.
我们的政府必须立即采取行动。
翻译句子
⑤我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。
__________________________________________________________
【答案】 Instantly/The instant (that)/Immediately/The moment I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.
(教材P50)A biblical idiom is often an expression that underlines the moral of a story and gives the audience a picture to help them understand the story better.圣经习语常常是突出故事寓意的固定表达方式，给听众或读者一幅图像，以帮助他们更好地理解故事。
(1)underline vt.强调；突出；加下划线
In his speech he underlined several points.
在他的讲话中他强调了几点。
Underline the most important sentences.
在最重要的句子下面加上下划线。
underline the importance of... 强调……的重要性
underline＋从句 强调……
Her question underlined how little she understood him.
她的问题表明她多么不了解他。
The report underlined the importance of pre-school education.
这份报告强调学前教育的重要性。
完成句子
①阅读时请画出关键词。
As you read，__________________ the key words.
②监狱工作人员罢工一事，突出地表明我们的监狱制度亟须改革。
Strike by prison officers ____________________ for reform in our jail.
③张老师强调学生们不会欢迎这些变化。
Mr.Zhang________the students would not welcome these changes.
【答案】 ①please underline ②underline the need
③underlined that
(2)moral n．(事件、故事等的)教育意义；寓意；教训
The moral of all this is，look before you leap.
所以这一切的寓意是：三思而后行。
The moral of this story for children is that brothers and sisters should unite.
这篇故事对儿童的教育意义是兄弟姐妹应当团结起来。
draw a moral from 从……中吸取教训
morals n. 道德；品行；风纪
moral adj. 道德的；道义上的
We should underline the importance of moral education.
我们应该强调道德教育的重要性。
完成句子
④我的祖父是一个很讲道德的人。
My grandfather is ________________．
⑤电影的寓意是犯罪是没好结果的。
________________was crime does not pay.
⑥这是个礼仪问题，而非道德问题。
This question is one of ______________．
【答案】 ④a very moral man ⑤The moral of the film ⑥manners rather than morals
(教材P51)After spending every penny of his money and being reduced to hiring himself out to feed pigs，he realized that he had been a fool and went home.在花光每一分钱之后，他沦落到为人打工，替别人养猪。他意识到自己是多么愚蠢，于是回家。
(1)be reduced to sth./doing...使(某人)陷入……；沦为……
She was reduced to wandering all day long.
她沦落至整日流浪。
Hunger reduced him to stealing.
饥饿迫使他沦为盗贼。
She was reduced to tears at the sight.
她见到那情景便哭了起来。
reduce sth. by ... 减少了……
reduce sth. to... 减少到……；降价到……
reduce sb. to tears/silence 把某人弄哭/使某人哑口无言
reduction n. 降低；减少；缩小
The workforce will be reduced by around 30 percent.
劳动力将缩减大约30%。
Risks must be reduced to the absolute minimum.
必须把危险降到绝对最低值。
There has been a dramatic reduction in the bank rate.
银行利率已大大降低。
完成句子
①他们沦落到沿街乞讨。
They ________________begging in the street.
②这片美丽的森林已被毁，变成了一片荒地。
This beautiful forest ________________ a wasteland.
③压力使他的神经都要崩溃了。
Stress had ______________ him ________________ a nervous wreck.
④本月我们的计算机将有特价优惠。
We are offering special ________________ on computers this month.
【答案】 ①were reduced to ②has been reduced to
③reduced；to ④price reduction
(2)hire(oneself)out被雇用；受雇
They hired themselves out for the harvest.
他们受雇去收割庄稼。
She hired herself out to do housework.
她受雇做家务。
hire v． 雇用；聘任
hire out 受雇；接受雇用；出租
In the meantime he hired out as a cook.
在此期间，他受雇为一名厨师。
Why don't you hire out your car to your neighbours while you're away，and make some money?
你不在家时为何不把车出租给邻居赚点钱呢？
hire/hire out/rent/rent out/employ
hire
短期租用，雇用
hire out
短期出租，受雇
rent
长期租用东西
rent out
长期出租东西
employ
长期雇用
完成句子
⑤他以前从事临时服务业。
He ______________ whoever needed his services.
⑥该公司出租汽车。
The company____________．
⑦出租车往往是计时出租的。
Taxis ________________ by the hour.
【答案】 ⑤hired himself out to ⑥hired out cars
⑦are usually hired out
(教材P51)In honour of his return，his father killed and cooked a calf so that they could have a feast.为庆祝他的归来，他的父亲宰牛烹饪，以使大家能吃上一顿丰盛的大餐。
【句式分析】 so that引导目的状语从句，这时从句的谓语动词常用may，might，can，could，should，will，would等情态动词。
Speak louder so that we can hear you.
说大声一点，以便我们听得见。
We'll sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear better.
我们要坐在大厅的前面，以便听得更清楚。
so that既可引导目的状语从句(＝in order that)也可引导结果状语从句，在引导结果状语从句时，有时也可能用情态动词can，could，极少用may，might或不用情态动词。so that省去that时，前面的逗号可用可不用。
①so...that...基本句式：
so＋adj.(adv.)＋that...
so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＋that...
so＋few/little(少)/many/much＋n.＋that...
②such...that...也可引导结果状语从句：
such＋(adj.)＋不可数名词＋that...
such＋(adj.)＋名词复数＋that...
such＋a/an＋adj.＋名词单数＋that...
③so，such修饰的成分置于句首时，主句常用倒装语序。
④so＋adj./adv.＋that...时，如结果状语从句是否定形式，可以转换成“too...to...”结构；如结果状语从句是肯定形式，可以转换成“...enough to...”结构。
We arrived early in the morning，so(that)we caught the first train.
我们大清早就到了，所以赶上了第一趟火车。
He was so excited that he could not speak.
他兴奋地连话都说不出来了。
So fast did the teacher speak that I couldn't follow him.
那个老师说得太快，我跟不上。
It was such a lovely day that we decided to go for a picnic.天气非常好，我们决定去野餐。
句型转换
①I hurried to the station so that I could catch the early train.
→I hurried to the station________________ I could catch the early train.
②He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life.
→So carelessly________________ he almost lost his life.
【答案】 ①in order that ②did he drive that
competence n．能力；资格；胜任(与for连用)；(做某事的)能力
(教材P51)By learning many important idioms，you can develop a high level of competence in your communication skills.通过学习足够多的重要习语，你能将交际技巧提升到较高水平。
There is no doubt of his competence for the task.
他的确有能力做好那项工作。
I doubt his competence to do the work.
我怀疑他是否有能力做那项工作。
competence in (doing)sth. 在(做)……方面的能力
competent adj. 有能力的，称职的
competent at/in one's work 能胜任工作的
be competent to do sth. 有能力做某事
competently adv. 有能力地，出色地
He's very competent in his work.
他非常胜任自己的工作。
完成句子
①Are you sure that he______________(能胜任)this task?
②The court ______________ (不能做)handle the case.
③He has gain a high level of ______________(在英语方面的能力)．
【答案】 ①is competent for ②is not competent to
③competence in English
(教材P51)When you have a thorough understanding of English idioms and their origins，you can better understand and appreciate the history and cultures of English-speaking countries，because idioms are carriers of history and culture.
透彻了解英语习语及其起源，你可以更好地理解和欣赏英语国家的历史和文化，因为习语是历史和文化的载体。
(1)have an understanding of sth.了解某事
If you know the neighbourhood，you have an understanding of what the children are like.假如你熟悉这个街区，你就明白这里的孩子是什么样子的了。
have little/no understanding of sth. 对某事了解得很少/不了解
have some understanding of sth. 对某事有一定的了解
have a thorough/full understanding of sth. 对某事彻底了解
gain/get an understanding of sth. 对某事有了解
He has a thorough/full understanding of the matter.
他完全了解这件事。
We should have a deeper understanding of the problem.
我们应该对这个问题有更深的了解。
Over time，you will get a far better understanding of the job.
经过一段时间，你对这个工作的了解会好得多。
How can we gain an understanding of other cultures?
我们怎么才能了解其他文化呢？
句型转换
①He understands the situation clearly.
→He ____________________the situation.
【答案】 ①has a clear understanding of
(2)appreciate vt.意识到；懂得；欣赏；感激
You can't appreciate Chinese poems in translation.
看翻译作品不能真正欣赏到中国诗歌的美妙之处。
The boss of that company fully appreciated his talent.
那家公司的老板非常赏识他的才华。
I would appreciate your help.
我将十分感激你的帮忙。
appreciate sth./doing sth. 诚恳希望做某事
I'd/will appreciate it if... 如果……，我会非常感激。
I would appreciate your letting me know of any problems.
如有什么问题，请告诉我，我会非常感激。
I will appreciate it if you pay in cash.
如果你支付现金，我将十分感激。
【提示】 appreciate后跟if或when引导的从句时常用it作形式宾语，与之用法相同的词还有：hate，like，dislike等。
句型转换
②If we hear from you again，we would appreciate.
→We would appreciate ______________ you again.
→We would appreciate ______________ we could hear from you again.
【答案】 ②hearing from；it if
课件58张PPT。Unit 4 Behind beliefsSection Ⅱ Language points(Welcome to the unit & Reading)点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅲ Word power & Grammar and usage
(教材P54)The religion of Jews is Judaism，which began over 3，000 years ago.
犹太人的宗教是犹太教，它开创于3 000多年前。
【句式分析】 本句中含有一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句时，既可以指代先行词，也可以指代整个主句的内容；which从句只能置于主句后。
He was chosen chairman of the Students' Union，which made us very happy.
他被选为学生会主席，我们为此都很高兴。
完成句子
①他听了这个消息高兴地跳起来，这很自然。
He jumped for joy at the news，________________．
②我在那个公司工作，它是去年建的。
I work in that company，________________．
【答案】 ①which was natural ②which was set up last year
describe vt.描写；描绘；形容
(教材P55)The word angel means a messenger or helper from God，but it is also used to describe a sweet or very good person.
“天使”这个词表示上帝的使者或辅助者，但天使还可以被用来描绘讨人喜欢或非常善良的人。
She described the man she had seen at the gate of the shop.
她描述了她在商店门口看见过的那个人的模样。
He was described as being very clever.
人家说他非常聪明。
describe sb./sth. to/for sb. 为某人描述某人/某事
describe sb./sth. as... 把某人/某物描述成……
describe＋从句 描述……
describe＋v.-ing 描述做某事
describable adj. 可描述的
description n. 描述，说明
descriptive adj. 叙述的，描写的
Can you describe him to me?
你能向我描述一下他的样子吗？
Jim was described by his colleagues as an “unusual” man.吉姆被同事们称为“不寻常”的人。
Several people described seeing strange lights in the sky.几个人都说看到天上出现了奇异光芒。
完成句子
①西湖风景美得难以形容。
The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful ______________．
②他把他所看到的向我作了充分的描述。
He ______________what he had seen.
③在这个故事中他被描述成一个英雄。
He ______________ a hero in the story.
【答案】 ①beyond description ②gave me a good description of ③was described as
(教材P57)They believe that the spirits must all be given presents of food because if they are hungry，there will be great suffering and burdens for people to bear．他们认为一定要给鬼怪奉送食物作为礼物，因为如果那些鬼怪饿了，人们就得承受巨大的灾难和压迫。
(1)burden n．担子；负担；包袱；重任
It is a burden to the people.
这对人们来说是一种负担。
A donkey can carry a heavy burden.
驴子能驮很重的东西。
The burden fell on me.责任落在了我身上。
burden vt. 使负重担；烦劳
burden sb./oneself with sth. (使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务，职责等)
be burdened with 担负……
She got off the bus，burdened with two heavy suitcases.
她提着两只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽车。
He was only twenty-two，and to be burdened with a family！他才只有二十二岁，竟要担负起养家的重担！
完成句子
①我不想再多提问题，以免增加你的负担。
I will not________ you________ more questions.
②他们担负了一笔很高的按揭借款。
They have ____________ with a high mortgage.
③我不想在年老时成为孩子们的累赘。
I don't want to be ________________of my children when I'm old.
【答案】 ①burden；with ②burdened themselves ③a burden
(2)bear(bore，borne或born)作及物动词用，意为“担负；承担；生产；生育”。用于否定句和疑问句中，常与can，could连用，意为“忍受，忍耐”。
The pain was almost more than he could bear.
这种痛苦几乎使他无法忍受。
He bore the pain bravely.他勇敢地忍着痛。
can't bear to do/doing 忍不住做
bear a heavy burden 担负重荷；承担重负
bear out 证实；为……作证
bear up 承受；挺住
bear with 耐心对待；容忍
完成句子
④我不忍看人在阳光下受罚。
I can't bear__________________．
⑤他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。
He can't __________________at.
⑥这次跌倒后他是如何坚强地站起来的？
How is he __________________ since the fall?
⑦有证据显示，学生以小组方式学习效果最佳。
Evidence ___________ the idea that students learn best in small groups.
【答案】 ④to see/seeing people being punished in the sun ⑤bear being laughed/bear to be laughed ⑥bearing up ⑦bears out
sacrifice n．牺牲；牺牲品；祭品；祭祀
(教材P57)The most important person in a Karen village is the priest and he is consulted regularly about sacrifices and other ceremonies.
在Karen村中最重要的人是牧师，他负责日常的祭祀和各种庆典活动。
He gave his life as a sacrifice for his country.
他为国牺牲了。
Parents often make sacrifices in order to educate their children.父母为了教育孩子常作自我牺牲。
Is the sacrifice of one's health to money-making worthwhile?
牺牲健康去赚钱值得吗？
They killed a sheep as a sacrifice.
他们宰了一只羊作为祭品。
make sacrifices to do/for... 为……作出牺牲
at the sacrifice of... 以……为代价(相当于at the cost/expense of...)
at a sacrifice 亏本地
sacrifice v. 牺牲；献出
sacrifice sth.for sth. 为……献出……
sacrifice sth.to do sth. 为……牺牲了……
Parents often make sacrifices for their children.
父母常为子女做出牺牲。
She has sacrificed her pleasures for her husband's interests and welfare.
她为了丈夫的利益和幸福，牺牲了自己的快乐。
完成句子
①哈利做出重大牺牲，把弟弟送去美国。
Harry ______________ send his brother to America.
②我们绝不能牺牲环境来发展经济。
Never can we develop economy ______ the environment.
【答案】 ①made big sacrifices to ②at the sacrifice of
count on指望，依靠
(教材P57)The proverb‘don't count your chickens until they are hatched’means‘don't count on something going well until it happens’．
谚语“不要在小鸡孵出之前计算它们的个数”意指“不要过早打如意算盘”。
You can count on me doing my best.
请相信，我一定尽全力。
We can't count on this warm weather lasting.
我们不能指望这暖和的天气会持久。
count v． 计数；算数；包括；看作；重要；有价值
count...from...to... 从……数到……
count out 逐一地数；不包括
Billy can count from 1 to 10.比利能从1数到10。
If you're going out tonight，you'll have to count me out.
假如你今晚要出去，就别把我算在内。
First impressions really do count.
第一印象真的很重要。
完成句子
①我就靠你帮我了。
I'm ______________ you to help me.
②几乎没有人能指望一辈子都干一个工作。
Few people can ______________having a job for life.
【答案】 ①counting on ②count on
句子结构
英语阅读中碰到复杂句时，我们往往要分析其句子结构，才能更好地理解句子。按照句子的结构来分，英语句子有以下四类：
一、简单句
从句子结构上看，有些句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，只要句子只包含一个主谓结构，这样的句子就是简单句。简单句有5种基本句型：
1．主语＋连系动词＋表语
He is a good teacher.
他是个好老师。
2．主语＋不及物动词
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
3．主语＋及物动词＋宾语
We study English very hard.我们努力学英语。
4．主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
We gave him some money.我们给了他一些钱。
5．主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补
We found the film very interesting.
我们发觉电影很有意思。
二、并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上的独立分句并列在一起构成。其基本结构为：分句＋并列连词＋分句。最常用的并列连词有and，or和but。注意从属连词because不能与并列连词so连用，although不能和but连用，但可以与yet连用。
There are many idioms used in English and quite a few of them come from the Bible.
英语中有许多的习语，而且许多习语来源于《圣经》。
He often gets up early，or he will be late for school.
他经常早起，不然就会上学迟到。
三、复合句
一个分句不能独立存在而是依附于另一分句，成为后者的一个组成部分，这种句子叫作复合句。引导复合句的连词有because，when，where，if，since，that，unless，whereas，whose，which，while，what，who，whom，although等。复合句由主句和从句构成，从句可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
1．名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
When we shall have our sports meeting is still a question.(主语从句)
We are discussing where we have our sports meeting.(宾语从句)
The fact that our team won the game is true.(同位语从句)
—Are you still thinking about yesterday's game?
—Oh，that's what makes me feel excited.(表语从句)
2．形容词性从句又叫作定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。引导定语从句的有关系代词that，which，whom，who，whose，as和关系副词when，where，why。
This is the place which/that we visited.
I was the only person in my office who was married.
The exams were put off，which was exactly wonderful.
Mr.Wang is such a good teacher as we all respect.
The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
3．副词性从句也称状语从句，在句子中起状语作用，通常由一个连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较等。状语从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后。
I had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.(时间)
Since nobody is against the plan，let's begin.(原因)
He sent the letter by airmail in order that it might reach them in good time.(目的)
He didn't stop working though/although he was badly ill.(让步)
四、并列复合句
并列复合句是并列句和复合句在同一个句子中存在的句式。
Although he studied very hard，he failed in the exam，but we still respected him.尽管他学习非常刻苦，但考试却失败了，可我们仍然敬佩他。
课件34张PPT。Unit 4 Behind beliefsSection Ⅲ Word power & Grammar and usageThank you for watching !Section Ⅳ Task & Project
Ⅰ.阅读P62－63内容，从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Which one of the following statements is TURE about the White Horse Temple?
A．It was built by two Indian monks.
B．It was the first Buddhist temple in China.
C．It was built in honour of the Emperor Mingdi.
2．Who invited the two Indian monks to come to China and give lectures on Buddhism?
A．The officials of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
B．The Emperor of Mingdi of Western Han Dynasty.
C．The two Indian monks themselves wanted to come to China.
3．Where were the two Indian monks buried after they died?
A．In the Qiyun Pagoda.
B．In Afghanistan.
C．In India.
4．Which is NOT the reason that we repair and protect the White Horse Temple today?
A．It is an important holy Buddhist site.
B．It is a famous tourist attraction.
C．It is used for wars and disasters.
【答案】 1－4 BAAC
Ⅱ.阅读P62－63内容，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Before AD 67，there's no Buddhist temple in China.( )
2．In the year AD 67，the Emperor Mingdi of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty instructed a group of officials to go on his behalf as agents to India.( )
3．Qiyun Pagoda was built before the Honglu Temple was renamed.( )
4．The White Horse Temple is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Luoyang.( )
【答案】 1－4 TFFT
fall into掉入；养成(坏习惯)；开始(谈话)
(教材P58)One of the bags of gold fell into a stocking that was hanging up to dry over the fireplace.其中一袋金子落进了一只正挂在火炉上烘烤的长袜里面。
They have fallen into poverty since his father became seriously ill.
自从他父亲得了重病他们已陷入贫困。
She turned and fell into his arms.
她转身扑进他的怀里。
I fell into conversation with a writer at the party.
在聚会中我与某位作家谈了起来。
Those who keep bad company can easily fall into undesirable habits.
伙伴不好者很容易养成不良习惯。
fall apart 破裂；破碎
fall away 减少；减小；消失；脱落；疏远；离弃
fall back 后退
fall back on sb./sth. 求助于/借助于某人/某物
fall behind 落后，落在……后面
fall for 迷恋；对……倾心
fall on/upon 向……进攻；落在……之上
fall out 掉落；脱落；吵架；争论；失和
fall through 失败；成为泡影
Their marriage finally fell apart.
他们的婚姻终于破裂了。
I have a little money in the bank to fall back on.
我在银行还有一点钱可以应急。
The illness caused him to fall behind the rest of the class.
那次生病使得他落在班上其他同学之后。
句型转换
①He began to quarrel with his classmate.
→He ____________________ his classmate.
→He ____________________ his classmate.
→He ____________________ his classmate.
②He has fallen in love with her.
→He ____________________ her.
③She always turns to her teachers.
→She always________________ her teachers.
④She hurt her ankle and couldn't catch up with the others.
→She hurt her ankle and ________________ the others.
【答案】 ①fell into a quarrel with；fell out with；had a quarrel with ②has fallen for ③falls back on ④fell behind
aid n．帮助；援助vt. & vi.帮助；资助
(教材P58)There are many stories about how St Nicholas gave aid to others.
有数不清的关于圣尼古拉帮助他人的故事。
He was breathing only with the aid of a ventilator.
他只能靠呼吸器呼吸。
He aided me in business.他在事业上帮助我。
①with the aid of sb. 在某人的帮助下
in aid of sb. 为了帮助某人
be a great aid to/for 对……有极大帮助
②aid sb. 帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
aid sb. in sth. 在某方面帮助某人
aid sb. to do sth./in doing sth. 帮某人做某事
In aid of children in the poor area，he collected much money to build schools.
为了帮助贫困地区的儿童，他集了很多钱盖起学校。
They were accused of aiding him in his escape.
他们被指控帮助他逃跑。
I aided him to repair the computer.我帮他修理电脑。
句型转换
①I aided her to continue her duty.
→I aided her________________ her duty.
②With the help of computer，my son does his homework.
→________________ computer，my son does his homework.
【答案】 ①in continuing ②With the aid of
present v．介绍；引见；展现；呈现；授予；赠送；造成；引起；提出；呈递；上演；上映
(教材P58)St Nicholas is also presented as wearing the neat，traditional clothes of a religious leader，not a red woollen suit with a black belt like Father Christmas's.圣尼古拉作为穿着整洁、传统服饰的宗教领袖被介绍给人们，而不像圣诞老人那样穿红色羊毛外套，扎着一条黑色腰带。
I had the honour of being presented to the Governor.
我荣幸地被引见给州长。
Now that the sports competitions are over，the Chairman will present the prizes.
体育比赛已结束，主席即将发奖。
① 向某人赠送某物
②present adj. 出席的；在场的
be present at 出席；目前的；现在的
for the present (time) 眼前；暂时
③present n. 目前；现在；礼物
at present＝at the present time 目前；现在
up to the present 直到现在
He presented his girlfriend with a bouquet of flowers.
他献给他的女友一束花。
When are the committee presenting their report?
委员会什么时候提出他们的报告？
The project is being discussed at present.
现在这个项目正在被讨论。
【提示】 present用作形容词，意为“在场的”时，通常作表语或后置定语，意为“现在的”时，常作前置定语。
用适当的介词填空
①The prize was presented ________the winner.
＝The winner was presented ________the prize.
②I presented the letter of introduction ________the receptionist.
③He had the honour of being presented ________the Queen.
【答案】 ①to；with ②to ③to
完成句子
④All the __________(在场的女孩)each have a ___________(礼物)．
⑤What's your____________(现在的地址)?
【答案】 ④girls present；present ⑤present address
deliver vt.&vi.递送，运送；发表(演讲)，宣布
(教材P58)He also has twelve reindeer that help him deliver presents on Christmas Eve.
他还有12只驯鹿帮他在圣诞节运送圣诞礼物。
Some new books have been delivered to the school.
一些新书已被送到学校。
①deliver sth.(to sb.) 投递/传送某物(给某人)
deliver a speech 发表演说
be delivered of a baby＝give birth to a baby 生孩子
deliver sb./sth.over to sb. 把……移交给某人
deliver a message 带信；传话
②delivery n. 递送；交付
The headmaster delivered an encouraging speech at the graduation ceremony.
校长在毕业典礼上作了一场鼓舞人心的演讲。
She was delivered of a healthy baby girl in the hospital last night.
昨夜她在医院里产下一健康女婴。
【提示】 deliver作“生孩子”讲时，常用于被动语态，且与of连用。
完成句子
①我们办公室的邮件每天投递两次。
Mail ______________ our office twice a day.
②她作了一个关于遗传工程的讲座。
She ________ on genetic engineering.
【答案】 ①is delivered to ②delivered a lecture
be supposed to应该做……；某人被期望……
(教材P60)Ask Student 2 about the different names for Father Christmas in different countries，and also about when this person is supposed to deliver presents in each country.
问学生2不同国家圣诞老人的不同名字以及在每个国家圣诞老人派送礼物的时间。
Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike.
老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。
①was/were supposed to常常用来把本应该发生的事与实际发生的事进行对照，意为“本应该”。
②当be supposed to后面接“have＋过去分词”时，表示“本应该做某事而没做”。
③be supposed to的否定结构为be not supposed to，它常用于口语中，意为“不被许可；不应当”。
The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.
火车本应在半小时之前到达。
He is supposed to have left for Italy last week.
他本应上周动身去意大利的。
He was supposed to have told me about it.
他本应该把这件事告诉我的。
She was not supposed to be angry about that.
她本不该为那件事而生气的。
完成句子
①他本应该一个小时前就到北京了。
He ______________ in Beijing an hour ago.
②这个工作应该在三天之内完成。
The work ______________ in three days.
【答案】 ①is supposed to have arrived ②is supposed to be finished
(教材P62)Then the emperor instructed a group of officials to go on his behalf as agents to India to find more information about Buddha.于是，皇帝下令派遣一批大臣作为使者，代表他前往天竺拜求佛法。
(1)instruct vt.指示；命令；吩咐；讲授
The teacher instructed the pupils to come into the gym.
老师命令学生到体育馆集合。
All children are instructed in the use of the library.
所有孩子们都学习了利用图书馆的方法。
①instruct sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
instruct sb.＋从句 吩咐某人……
②instruction n. 说明，操作指南，指示；教学，讲授
disobey/ignore instructions 拒绝/忽视指示
carry out/follow/obey instructions 服从指示
give/issue/provide instructions 发出指示
She instructed him how to use the washing machine.她教他怎么使用那台洗衣机。
Have you been instructed when to start?
通知你什么时候出发了吗？
I tried to follow her instructions，but I got confused.
我试图按照她的说明做，但我却糊涂了。
【提示】 instruction作“说明，指示”讲时，多用复数。
完成句子
①他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。
He ______________ deliver it to the customer.
②他们严格地按我的指示把事办了。
They had ____________________ to the letter.
【答案】 ①instructed me to ②carried out my instructions
(2)on sb.'s behalf＝on behalf of sb.代表某人；为了某人的利益
A lawyer read out a statement on behalf of the victim's family.律师代表受害者家属宣读了声明。
I offered to speak to the manager on his behalf.
我主动为他找经理谈话。
完成句子
③经理不在场，所以我代表他讲话。
The manager is not present, so I shall give the speech_____________．
＝The manager is not present, so I shall give the speech ___________．
【答案】 ③on his behalf；on behalf of him
possessions个人财产；私人物品
(教材P62)They travelled on two white horses，carrying their few possessions，some Buddhist readings and images of Buddha.
他们骑着两匹白马，驮着极少数的个人物品，一些佛经和佛像。
The ring is one of her most treasured possessions.
这只戒指是她最珍贵的财产之一。
①possession n． 所有物；拥有；占有；持有
be in possession of/take possession of... 拥有……
be in the possession of... 为……所拥有
②possess v． 拥有(不用于进行时)；具有(特质)；支配；控制(感觉、情绪等)；(用于否定句和疑问句)使言行失常
The gang was caught in possession of stolen goods.
这伙人被捉住，人赃俱获。
The class is in the possession of him.
这个班为他所有。
I'm afraid he doesn't possess a sense of humour.
恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
A terrible fear possessed her.一阵恐惧攫住了她。
完成句子
①1947年该城堡归温特塞特镇所有。
The town of Winterset ________________ the castle in 1947.
②遗憾的是，那些记录已经不在我们手里了。
Unfortunately，we no longer have those records __________________．
③他从来就没有多少钱，但他一直有一些好朋友。
He never _______ much money，but he always _______ good friends.
【答案】 ①took possession of/was in possession of ②in our possession ③possessed/took possession of；possessed/took possession of
(教材P62)It was the White Horse Temple that first brought the meaning of ‘temple’to the word ‘si’．
正是白马寺最先赋予了“寺”以“寺庙”这个意思。
【句式分析】 这是一个强调句型，强调主语the White Horse Temple，还原成正常语序为：The White Horse Temple first brought the meaning of ‘temple’ to the word‘si’．
强调句结构：“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”，所强调的可以是单词、短语或从句，但结构必须完整，被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语等，但不强调谓语。
①强调句的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。
②强调句的特殊疑问句只在一般疑问句前加上疑问词。
It was at this school that he spent his childhood.
他就是在这所学校度过了他的童年。
It's not only blind men who/that make such a stupid mistake.
不仅仅是瞎子会犯这样愚蠢的错误。
It was him that I met at the school gate.
我在校门口碰到的就是他。
Was it in the village that he spent his childhood?
他是在这个村庄度过他的童年的吗？
Where was it that you found the wallet?
你是在什么地方发现这个钱包的？
【提示】 强调句的判断，将it is/was...that去掉，如果剩下的部分是一个完整的句子，则为强调；否则就不是。
It is there that accidents often happen.
→Accidents often happen there.(结构完整)
翻译句子(用强调句)
①中华人民共和国是在1949年成立的。
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②他昨晚回来的时候是10点吗？
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③昨天你给我打电话时是几点？
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【答案】 ①It was in 1949 that the People's Republic of China was founded.
②Was it at ten o'clock that he came back last night?
③When was it that you called me yesterday?
(教材P63)It is said that if you stand about 20 metres away from the pagoda and clap your hands，you will hear the sounds repeated and multiplied from the roof，just like frogs croaking.
据说如果你站在离塔20米远的地方击掌，可以听到屋顶传来放大的声音回荡，类似蛙鸣。
【句式分析】 It is said that...为主语从句，从句中又包含一个条件状语从句。
It is said that when you hear the special sound，you will find a beautiful bird fly over your head.
据说当你听到这个特殊的声音时，你将发现一只美丽的鸟飞过你的头顶。
It is agreed that... 大家一致同意……
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is estimated that... 据估计……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is proved that... 据证实……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is thought that... 大家认为……
以上的表述可转为People/They agreed/believed/said/thought...＋that...或主句主语＋is/are/was/were agreed/believed/said/thought to do...(hope除外)。
It's believed that he should be punished because he drove too fast.
大家认为他应该受到惩罚，因为他开车太快了。
It is reported that there hasn't been a colder winter in many European countries in many years.
据报道在许多欧洲国家今年是多年不遇的寒冬。
句型转换
People often say that we are living in an age of information explosion.
→________________we are living in an age of information explosion.
→________________in an age of information explosion.
【答案】 It is often said that；We are said to be living
(教材P63)The White Horse Temple is not only the oldest Buddhist temple in China，but also the oldest one still in use.
白马寺不仅是中国最古老的佛教寺庙，也是最古老的仍在使用的寺庙。
【要点提炼】 not only...but also意为“不仅……而且；不仅……还”，连接两个并列的成分或两个分句。
He is famous not only in China，but also in the world.
他不仅在中国闻名，在世界上也是如此。
①not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词跟后面的主语保持一致。类似的连词有neither...nor...，either...or...等。
②not only...but also...连接两个分句且not only放在句首时，not only后的分句要用倒装语序，but also后的分句不用倒装。
③but also可拆开用，有时也可省去also，也可变为“not only...but...as well”。
Not only you but (also) I am to blame.
不但你，我也要受到责备。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Not only is likability related to possible life outcomes，but it is also responsible for those outcomes，too.
讨人喜欢不仅与积极生活的结果有关，而且也是造成这些结果的原因。
He is not only my teacher but my friend as well.
他不仅是我的老师，还是我的朋友。
完成句子
①那个问题不仅十分重要，而且还急待处理解决。
____________that problem very important，but (also) it is very urgent to deal with.
②我不仅打网球而且练射击。
____________ play tennis but also practise shooting.
③他们不仅在课堂说英语而且在宿舍也说。
They speak English not only in class ________ in the dormitory.
【答案】 ①Not only is ②I not only ③but also
描述考古发现
[写作指导]
描述考古发现是应用比较少的文体，写作要严谨真实。介绍考古物品，要抓住以下几点：
1．描述物品的基本特征和象征意义。
2．发现的原貌和物品的外观特征，条理一定要清楚。
3．遣词造句一定要简洁；注意用词准确。
4．常用的表达：
It dates back to...
It shows...
It...of great importance to the research.
It's at most four metres long.
I think it is almost six metres wide.
It could be made from...
Our evidence shows that...
[佳作构建]
根据内容描述某一考古发现。
在南京博物馆展出一副商代的青铜面具，距今已有几千年历史了，它摸上去很光滑，是在河南省的一个县出土的。有两只眼睛和耳朵，有牙齿，就像一个人在笑一样，鼻子非常扁平，这个面具可能代表着神，戴着面具的人充当神的角色。现在有很多人参观它。它对于研究古代的习俗有重要意义。
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第1步
思路——分析透彻是前提
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：首先介绍青铜面具的年代、出土地点；然后描述青铜面具的外表、特征。最后指出它的意义。另外本篇文章说的是历史文化遗产，站在现在的角度去描写，故应用一般现在时。
第2步
词汇——必用词汇是关键
1.________________追溯到……
2．________________平滑的
3．________________出土；挖掘
4．________________好像
5．________________代表
6．________________风俗
【答案】 1.date back to/date from 2.smooth 3.unearth 4.as if/as though 5.represent/stand for 6.customs
第3步
句式——熟练翻译是根本
1.它可以追溯到商朝，有几千年的历史。
________ to Shang Dynasty and has a history of several thousand years.
2．它摸上去很光滑，是在河南省的一个县出土的。
________ and was unearthed in a county in Henan Province.
3．你能看见它的牙齿，它们看起来就像是一个人在微笑。
You can see the teeth and they look ________ the man was smiling.
4．这个面具可能代表着神，戴着面具的人充当神的角色。
This mask may ________ a God ________ the person who wore it would have acted the role of God.
5．这个面具对于研究古代的习俗有重要意义。
The mask ________________ to the research of ancient customs.
【答案】 1.It dates back 2.It feels smooth 3.as if 4.have represented；so that 5.is very important/of great importance
第4步
成文——连句成篇是目的
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【参考范文】
In Nanjing Museum，a man-face mask is showed.It dates back to Shang Dynasty and has a history of several thousand years.It feels smooth and was unearthed in a county in Henan Province.It has two ears.You can see the teeth and they look as if the man was smiling.The nose is flat.This mask may have represented a God so that the person who wore it would have acted the role of the God.Many people visited it and it is of great importance to the research of ancient customs.
课件68张PPT。Unit 4 Behind beliefsSection Ⅳ Task & Project点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !核心要点回扣
Ⅰ.重点单词
根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词及派生词
1．________ adj.简单的，易懂的；坦诚的，率直的
2．________ adj.模糊的，隐晦的；不详细的，粗略的
3．________ vt.强调；突出；加下划线
4．________ adj.裸露的；无遮盖的；空的
5．________ vt.击打；撞击；攻击；罢工
6．________ adj.彻底的；完全的；细致的，深入的
7．________adj.易碎的；脆弱的；纤细的；精致的
8．________n．负担，重担，重负
9．________adv.经常，频繁地
10．________vt.&vi.(使)缩短
11．________n．香水；香味
12．________vt.& vi.递送，运送；发表(演讲)，宣布
13．________n．光线；射线
14．________vi.& vt.祷告，祈祷
15．________vi.& vt.唱颂；反复呼喊
16．________ adj.农业的→__________n．农业
17．________ vt.播种；散布→________过去式→________过去分词
18．________ vt.& vi.(使)成熟→________adj.成熟的
【答案】 1.straightforward 2.vague 3.underline 4.bare 5.strike 6.thorough 7.delicate 8.burden 9.frequently 10.shorten 11.perfume 12.deliver 13.ray 14.pray 15.chant 16.agricultural；agriculture 17.sow；sowed； sowed/sown 18.ripen；ripe
Ⅱ.重点短语
根据汉语提示完成下列各组短语
1．__________________换句话说
2．__________________不久，过一会儿
3．__________________所有的钱，每一分钱
4．__________________打工，受雇于人
5．__________________受欢迎，流行
6．__________________相信，信任，信仰
7．__________________ 大体上，总的看来，一般说来
8．__________________依靠，依赖
9．__________________围绕；以……为中心
【答案】 1.in other words 2.by and by 3.every penny 4.hire oneself out 5.catch on 6.believe in 7.in general 8.count on 9.centre around
Ⅲ.重点句式
根据所给提示补全下列教材原句
1．...____________(很容易) misunderstand what you read or hear spoken.
2．In honour of his return，his father killed and cooked a calf ________(以便于) they could have a feast.
3．However，many idioms have ________ lost their original meanings ________(或者……) have only a vague or loose connection with them now.
4．________ the White Horse Temple ________(It强调句型) first brought the meaning of ‘temple’ to the word ‘si’．
【答案】 1.it is easy to 2.so that 3.either；or 4.It was；that
课件11张PPT。Unit 4 Behind beliefs单元尾 核心要点回扣点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时分层作业(十)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She found her necklace(项链)gone when she arrived at home after the party.
2．When his old father falls ill，he has to shoulder the burden(重担，负担)alone.
3．He has frequently(频繁地)been compared to his classmates by his teacher.
4．His career was shortened(使变短)because of the terrible accident ten years ago.
5．Birds are flying in the forest looking for worms(蠕虫)．
6．Milk contains(含有)many important vitamins and minerals.
7．The old man has suffered(遭受)from a terrible illness，so he can't go out to work.
8．Can you describe(描述)the scenery of the West Lake?
9．He made a great sacrifice(牺牲)for his children.
10．She counted(数)the pupils in her class，then took them to the playground.
11．People on high incomes face a huge tax burden(负担)．
12．You can't count(依靠)on Tom being punctual.
13．There is a fountain in the centre (中心)of the park.
14．It was already past midnight and only three young men remained(依然)in the tea house.
15．My husband could not be here tonight，but I want to thank you on his behalf(代表)．
16．We saw him frequently(经常)last year.
17．Injury problems could shorten(缩短)his career.
18．She often sat in a garden perfumed(充满香气的)with flowers in summer.
19．The store delivers(送货)free of charge.
20．They have a cottage(农舍)by the river.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．China today attracts a worldwide readership，which whows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
2．There is so much suffering(suffer) in this world.
3．The beauty of the sunrise is beyond description(describe)．
4．He burdened himself with a heavy overcoat.
5．He succeeded in the experiment at the sacrifice of his health.
6．You can count on him for a truthful report of the accident.
7．I turned on the TV and we sat down and watched it.
8．You may go with us，or you may stay at home.
9．We have studied English for only a year，yet we can act English plays already.
10．It was already rather late，so we decided to go home.
11．The house has fallen into a state of neglect.
12．They seized power with the aid of the armed forces.
13．He presented her with a bunch of flowers.
14．Please send this parcel by express delivery(deliver)．
15．He behaved like a beggar and was treated as such.
16．Not only the teacher but also the students were(be) against the plan.
17．It is believed(believe) that hard work can lead to success.
18．It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
19．Why do modern people chase material possessions(possess)?
20．I read the instructions(instruct) on the bottle.
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
The relationship between parents and teachers is important in the development of a child. The good communication between them is communication that says，“ I care about my child, and I value school.” The best way a parent can show how much he or she values learning is by sending a prepared child to school every day.__1__. Once a child gets behind in class, catching up can be difficult.
Parents and teachers are partners in student development. A school community is built on relationships established(确立)among children, teachers, and children's families.
Here are tips for creating a positive relationship with your child's teacher.
Meet with your child's teacher in the fall. __2__ —his or her special needs, outside activities, health, and home study habits.
Look for the positive. __3__ Share with your child's teacher something you particularly appreciated regarding the teacher's role in the academic and /or social development of your child.
Let the teacher know that you want to support the work that is being done in class. Ask for suggestions for expanding school activities into home activities.
__4__. You can send a note of thanks when something special takes place in the classroom and your child is involved.
Be willing to participate in or set up a conference when you or your child's teacher feel a special meeting is needed.__5__．
Your child seems to be deeply upset about something that happened at school.
A．When a child is absent from school, important lessons may be missed
B．Phone your child's teacher if necessary
C．The teachers need to feel appreciated for the job they do
D．This is a good time for the teacher to learn more about your child
E．Express your appreciation to the teacher
F．The beginning of every term is very important
G．There is a dramatic drop in your child's grades
【答案】 1－5 ADCEG
Ⅳ.短文改错
Mr. Johnson is a hardworking teacher. Every day, he spends too much time with his work. With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night. Hard work have made him very ill. “He has ruined his healthy. We are worried about him.” That is which other teachers say. Yesterday afternoon，I paid visit to Mr. Johnson. I was eager to see him, but outside her room I stopped. I had to calm myself down. Quietly I step into the room. I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together. I understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him.
【答案】 Mr. Johnson is a hardworking teacher. Every day, he spends too much time his work.With little sleep and hardly any break， he works from morning till night. Hard work made him very ill. “He has ruined his . We are worried about him.” That is other teachers say. Yesterday afternoon，I paid visit to Mr. Johnson. I was eager to see him, but outside room I stopped. I had to calm myself down. Quietly I into the room. I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the we had taken together. I understood that he missed us just as as we missed him.
Ⅴ.书面表达
据说，中国历史上著名的女皇帝武则天的陵墓中埋藏有重达500吨的珍宝。现在考古专家就是否应该挖掘该墓在技术、时机等方面有很多争论。请你写一篇关于是否应该挖掘武则天陵墓的争论的文章。可适当发挥，词数在100左右。
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【参考范文】
It is reported that Wu Zetian, one of the only few women emperors in Chinese history, was buried with treasures that weigh as much as 500 tons.
Experts are now arguing whether it is right time to unearth the tomb. Some say we still do not have proper methods to protect those ancient things, and we should leave them untouched until science and technology is advanced enough. Others, especially those devoted to research in this field, insist on digging them out. What's more, it is a good chance to open up some mysteries in history and show as a glorious part of the Chinese people.
课时分层作业(九)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This notebook costs twenty-nine and a half pennies/pence(便士)．
2．In honour(庆祝)of his achievement，we held a celebration for him.
3．We sowed(播种) wheat in this part of the field.
4．The scenery was beautiful beyond expression(表示)．
5．The trees are bare(赤裸的)in winter.
6．She underlined(强调)her disapproval of the proceedings by walking out.
7．The mountaineer was struck(砸)on the head by a falling stone.
8．They have promised a thorough(彻底的)inquiry into the plane crash.
9．Our holiday plans are rather vague(不明确的)．
10．Be careful with those wine glasses—they're very
delicate/fragile(易破碎)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I'd appreciate it if you could turn it down.
2．A teacher must have an understanding(understand) of children.
3．No one doubts her competence(comptent) as a teacher.
4．He is such a good person that everyone liked him.
5．David used to hire out his car sometimes when he didn't need it himself.
6．He underlined the importance(important) of careful driving.
7．I came here immediately(immediate) after having my supper.
8．Either you or I am(be) not allowed to stay here long.
9．Word came that many enemy soldiers were near.
10．We can save two hours by taking(take) the express.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
More than 100 horses and riders leaped the flames of roaring bonfires Thursday in a small Spanish town in a centuries-old festival that has raised the anger of animal rights activists.
Smoke and flames filled the night in San Bartolome de Pinares，a central Spanish town of some 600 inhabitants, in the annual festival held Thursday, the eve of Saint Anthony's Day for the patron saint (守护神) of animals. One by one, horses and their riders jumped the flames in the narrow, paved streets of the town.
“No one knows how old the tradition is. My grandfather told me that his great-grandfather took part，” said 34-year-old Diego Martin.“They say it could be 300 or 400 years old.”
The town is fiercely attached to the festival, despite opposition from animal rights groups concerned about the safety of the horses.Just a few days earlier, Spain's National Association for the Welfare of Animals asked the town's people not to let their horses leap over the fires, apparently in vain.
“There was an illness that killed all the horses in the town.Since then, we have done this to purify them to keep away any evil by asking for the protection of the saint，” explained 20-year-old Libertad Gomez, who has been taking part for seven years. “More than a tradition, for us it is a feeling. It is something you like almost since you were born，” said Libertad, who rode with dozens of others through the streets.
Indeed, the smoke is so thick that it affects the horses and riders as they leap the fires. That does not stop youngsters from taking part in the tradition, such as 10-year-old Alejandro Nunez, who jumped for the second year running on a white horse. “I really like it. At first, it was a bit scary but that goes，” he said, equipped with a helmet and a checkered scarf to protect him from the smoke.
【语篇解读】 在圣安东尼节(Saint Anthony's Day)前夕，人们骑着马从篝火上跳过去是这里流传已久的习俗。根据传统，此举对动物有净化、涤罪的意义。
1．We can learn by reading the passage that ________．
A．horses leap fires in an ancient Spanish festival
B．a new festival has been introduced to Spain
C．the festival is not popular among youngsters
D．horses get injured over the burning flames
【解析】 事实细节题。根据文章第一、二段可知：在古老的圣安东尼节前夕，西班牙人会骑马从篝火上跳过，以求得神灵对马的保护，故答案为A项。
【答案】 A
2．According to Libertad Gomez，________．
A．the festival came into being less than 300 years ago
B．the activity helps the horses to be away from diseases
C．his grandfather took great interest in the activity
D．the evil would take the horses away during the leaps
【解析】 事实细节题。根据题干中的Libertad Gomez可判断本题答案区间在第五段。根据该段“There was an illness that killed all the horses in the town.Since then，we have done this to purify them to keep away any evil by asking for the protection of the saint，”可知，他们这样做是为了让神灵保佑他们的马匹，让马匹远离疾病。故选B项。根据第三段可知A项中的less than(少于)是错误的，故排除A项；第三段中有相关信息“My grandfather told me that his great-grandfather took part，”但这里说的是Diego Martin的情况，而不是Libertad Gomez的，故排除C项；D项(鬼会将这些马带走)与当地人举行此项活动的初衷相悖，故排除。
【答案】 B
3．When Alejandro Nunez first leaped the fires，________．
A．he felt too excited to express himself
B．he was a bit frightened for the first time
C．he was offered a helmet and a scarf
D．he became worried about his horse
【解析】 事实细节题。由文章最后一段中的“At first，it was a bit scary but that goes”可知，Alejandro Nunez第一次参加这项活动时，有点害怕，故选B项。
【答案】 B
4．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Riding horses to leap fires can be dangerous.
B．The riders are easy to fall into the burning fires.
C．All the people support riding horses to leap fires.
D．The activity will be done away with one day.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Indeed，the smoke is so thick that it affects the horses and riders as they leap the fires”可知A项正确。
【答案】 A
B
I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I_was_treading_water,_just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didn't think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull.
I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel. Attending a Novel Writing MA course gave me the structure I needed to write my first 55，000 words.
It takes confidence to make a new start—there's a dark period in-between where you're neither one thing nor the other. You're out for dinner and people ask what you do, and you're too ashamed to say, “Well, I'm writing a novel, but I'm not quite sure if I'm going to get there.” My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside.
Then I met an agent(代理商)who said I should send my novel out to agents. So, I did and, to my surprise, got some wonderful feedbacks. I felt a little hope that I might actually become a published writer and, after signing with an agent, I finished the second half of the novel.
The next problem was finding a publisher. After two-and-a-half years of no income, just waiting and wondering, a publisher offered me a book deal—that publisher turned out to be the one I once worked for.
It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck—of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, there's no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher—to be a published writer—is unbelievably rewarding.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了作者为自己的梦想——写作而努力的过程，以此来告诉我们只要坚持，就一定能成功。
5．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．I was waiting for good fortune.
B．I was trying to find an admirable job.
C．I was being aimless about a suitable job.
D．I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据本句“Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didn't think I was any good, then finance，”说明作者一直都在无目的地生活，不知道该具体做什么样的工作。故C项正确。
【答案】 C
6．The author decided to write a novel ________．
A．to finish the writing course
B．to realize her own dream
C．to satisfy readers' wish
D．to earn more money
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段“I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel.”说明写作是作者一直以来的梦想，故B项正确。
【答案】 B
7．How did the writer feel halfway with the novel?
A．Disturbed. B．Ashamed.
C．Confident. D．Uncertain.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后两句“My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside.”说明作者对自己的作品不确定。故D项正确。
【答案】 D
8．What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph?
A．It pays to stick to one's goal.
B．Hard work can lead to success.
C．She feels like being unexpectedly lucky.
D．There is no end in sight when starting to do something.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据本段“When you set out to do something different, there's no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher—to be a published writer—is unbelievably rewarding.”说明作者认为只要坚持，我们的努力是一定会有回报的，故A项正确。
【答案】 A
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1．那座屋顶在暴风中遭到破坏的古庙正在维修中。(whose引导的定语从句)
The_old_temple_whose_roof_was_damaged_in_the_storm_is_now_under_repair.
2．为了赶上第一班车，他起得很早。(so that)
He_got_up_very_early_so_that_he_could_catch_the_first_bus.
3．如果你能教我怎样使用计算机我会很感激你。(appreciate)
I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_can_teach_me_how_to_use_the_computer.
4．我对他们不了解。(understanding)
I_have_no_understanding_of_them.
5．你既可以待在家里也可以和我们一道去那儿。(either...or...)
You_may_either_stay_at_home_or_go_there_with_us.
Ⅴ.语法填空
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I 1.________(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.A few hours 2.____________，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with 3.____________(it)choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4.________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5.________(painting)．Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away 6.________car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 7.________(be)really beautiful.A study of travellers 8.________(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 9.________(regular)arranges quick getaway here for people 10.____________(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇游记，记述了作者游览阳朔的所见、所闻、所感。
1．arrived 考查时态。由主句中的was和后一句中的didn't可知，这里使用一般过去时态。
2．before/earlier 考查副词。根据句意和I'd been at home的时态可知此处表示“几个小时前，我待在香港的家里”，“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作arrived之前，故此处填before或earlier均可。
3．its 考查代词。因为smog是名词，所以需要用it的形容词性物主代词形式。
4．that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意和句子结构可知此处是一个定语从句，因为先行词是物，且引导词在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导从句。
5．paintings 考查名词的单复数。因为该词由so many修饰，所以用复数形式。
6．by 考查介词。乘坐交通工具可用by表达，而且名词为单数前面不用冠词。
7．is 考查主谓一致和时态。根据后文的时态可知这里使用一般现在时，介绍客观情况，又因为Yangshuo是第三人称单数，所以这里使用is。
8．conducted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此句的主干为“A study of travellers names Yangshuo as one of the top...”。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语。
9．regularly 考查形容词变副词。此处需要一个副词修饰动词arrange，表示“经常安排快捷的短假”。
10．living 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非谓语动词，因为people与live之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，作后置定语，此处表示“经常为生活在上海和香港的人安排快捷的短假”。
