Is our environment being destroyed by greed?
人类的贪婪是环境恶化的主要原因。然而，除此之外还有其他因素吗？
The environment has been suffering from all forms of damage，especially in recent years global warming seems to be the main problem.Many times，the worsening of the environment，in the forms of running out of natural resources, and air，water and land pollution，is caused by the irresponsible behaviour of man.However，it will be unfair to state that the worsening of the environment is brought about only by greed.Other factors，such as the inability of some developing countries to find other choices of survival，also play a part in contributing to environmental problems.
The state of the environment has been the concern of scientists in recent years.As for global warming，greed，in order to get economic benefits, actually contributes to the ruin of the environment.This is seen when the United States refused to carry out its agreement to the Kyoto Protocol (《京都议定书》), which helps deal with the increasing emission of greenhouse gases.If the USA had agreed to it, it would have meant that it had to cut back on its Gross Domestic Product(GDP) growth.
Another reason for the worsening of the environment is that some developing countries have no choice but to survive at the cost of the environment.For example, slash-and-burn agriculture is the cheapest way for poor farmers even though it creates a serious environmental problem.If they don't do that，they may not be able to clear the land in time for agricultural activities to support themselves and their family members.For them, compared to their survival, environment concerns are secondary.
Therefore, to save the environment, everyone, young or old, rich or poor, should play a part, as a collective effort definitely makes a big difference.
[阅读障碍词]
1．irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
2．inability n. 无能
3．survival n. 生存，幸存
4．the Kyoto Protocol 《京都议定书》
5．slash-and-burn adj. 刀耕火种的
6．definitely adv. 肯定地
[诱思导读]
阅读短文，回答下列问题。
1．What are the forms of the worsening of the environment according to the passage?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
[答案] ①global warming ②running out of natural resources ③air，water and land pollution
2．Why did America refuse the Kyoto Protocol?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
[答案] Because it can damage its economic development.
3．What are the causes of the worsening of the environment?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
[答案] Human beings' greed and some developing countries' inability to find other choices of survival.
Section Ⅰ Reading (Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.consultant A．vt.& vi.回收利用
( )2.production B．n.赞扬；信誉；学分
( )3.recycle C．n.顾问
( )4.greedy D．n.产量；生产
( )5.responsibility E．adj.贪婪的，贪心的
( )6.environmental F．n.数量
( )7.credit G．adj.环境的
( )8.quantity H．n.责任，职责
[答案] 1－4 CDAE 5－8 HGBF
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．自由发言 B．削减，缩减，减少 C．用尽
D．用完，耗尽 E．引起，导致 F．对……关心
( )1.Fifty percent of road accidents result in head injuries.
( )2.Does burning candle use up some air inside the glass?
( )3.When dad lost his job，we had to cut back on entertainment expenses.
( )4.We had lots of grain before but now we've run out of it.
( )5.People are concerned about social inequality.
( )6.Once the speech is delivered，we can open the floor.
[答案] 1－6 ECBDFA
The economy(经济) or the environment—must we choose?
TV host：James Long
Speakers：Lin Shuiqing，a spokeswoman(女发言人) from the Green Society
Qian Liwei，a business development consultant (顾问)
James Long：Good morning.Today's debate (辩论) question is，‘The economy or the environment—must we choose？’With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.①We are following our usual schedule for debates.Ms Lin Shuiqing will speak first for three minutes.Mr Qian Liwei will follow，also for three minutes.Then we will open the floor(自由发言) for discussion.If you have any questions or comments②，you can use this time to express them.
经济还是环境——
我们必须做出选择吗？
电视节目主持人：詹姆斯·朗
发言人：林水清，来自绿色协会的女发言人
钱利伟，企业发展顾问
詹姆斯·朗：早上好。今天辩论的话题是“经济还是环境——我们必须做出选择吗？”和我在一起的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。我们还是按照我们一贯的辩论程序进行。林水清女士首先陈述，时间为三分钟。钱利伟先生接着陈述，时间也是三分钟。之后我们将展开自由讨论。如果大家有任何问题或评论，可以利用这段时间来发表见解。
[助读讲解] ①表语＋be＋主语，构成完全倒装句。②If you have...为if引导的条件状语从句。
Lin Shuiqing：Good morning，everyone.First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste③.Many places have been destroyed and many plants and animals have died.This is awful.Factories produce large numbers of harmful chemicals.The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.Other types of waste flow (流) into our water，killing river and sea life④.
林水清：大家早上好。我今天首先要谈的是化学废物如何破坏世界上的大片区域。很多地方受到破坏，大量的动植物都死亡了。这样的情形实在很糟糕。很多工厂都在排放大量的有害的化学物质。由工厂产生的废物进入大气中，导致我们生病。其他种类的废物则流入水域，导致河流和海洋中的生命死亡。
[助读讲解] ③the way作先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词可用that/in which或省略。 ④现在分词短语killing river and sea life作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。
Much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats as well.These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs⑤.This will result in a smaller number of fish left for us to eat in the future., 现在的捕捞船也在危害着许多海洋生命。这些捕捞船捕捞大量的鱼而不给它们产卵的时间。这就导致以后供我们食用的鱼的数量会更少。
While we damage our environment，we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to eat⑥！The world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800⑦.The figure is now about 7 billion (十亿) people！
在我们毁坏环境的同时，我们还生育越来越多的人口，他们需要更多的土地来居住，需要更多的食物来食用！与1800年相比，世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。这个数字现在大约为70亿。
[助读讲解] ⑥who引导定语从句修饰people。⑦“倍数＋what从句”是倍数的一种表达形式。
It is our duty (责任) to try to cut back on (削减) production and reduce the number of things we make and buy⑧.The amount of rubbish we produce⑨ is turning into a big problem；we need to think more about recycling (回收利用) our waste.It would be good to increase the amount of waste we recycle⑩，and teach people ways of living that do not harm the environment?.We may even create more jobs and help our country become more developed at the same time.
Thank you.
努力削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量是我们的责任。我们所制造的大量垃圾正在变成一个大问题；我们需要更多地思考循环利用的问题。增加我们回收东西的数量，并且教给人们不危害环境的生活方式是大有好处的。与此同时，我们甚至可以创造更多的就业机会并帮助我们国家变得更加发达。
谢谢大家！
[助读讲解] ⑧we make and buy为定语从句，修饰先行词things。⑨we produce为定语从句，修饰先行词rubbish。⑩we recycle为定语从句，修饰先行词waste；it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。?that...the environment为定语从句，修饰先行词ways of living。
Qian Liwei：Good morning，ladies and gentlemen.Thank you，Ms Lin.That was an interesting speech.It is clear that? you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.As a business development consultant，I'm often seen as being against the environment.When people think of factories，they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes(管道) pouring chemical waste into rivers?.They think of greedy (贪婪的) businessmen (商人) hiding from their responsibilities (责任) and only worrying about money.People often have this belief (看法) that development is bad for the environment?，but this does not have to be true.
钱利伟：女士们、先生们，早上好。谢谢你，林女士。刚才的陈述很有趣。很显然你对我们的环境现状很担忧。作为一名企业发展顾问，我常常被人视为环保反对派。一想到工厂，人们就会想到污浊的滚滚浓烟或者向河流倾泻化学废物的管道。他们就会联想到贪婪的商人逃避自己的责任，只关心金钱。人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这不一定是正确的。
[助读讲解] ?It is clear that...意为“……是显然的”。that引导主语从句，it作形式主语，替代后面 that引导的从句。?现在分词短语pouring...rivers作后置定语，修饰pipes。?that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief。
What I'm here to say is that having worked with many environmental (环境的) consultants，I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time?.There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution they produce?，and are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause.The people operating (经营) these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen as the enemy，and give them more credit (赞扬)！
在这里我想说的是，我一直和很多环保顾问合作，所以我知道，健康的环境和发展是可以并存的。现在有很多工厂和企业，它们控制污染物的排放量，很用心地投入资金，修复由自己造成的破坏。这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。我们应该停止将这些公司和商人视为敌人，而应给他们更多的赞誉！
[助读讲解] ?该句中What引导主语从句，第一个that引导表语从句，在表语从句中又含有一个that引导的宾语从句。现在分词短语having worked...在表语从句中作状语。?which control...produce为定语从句，修饰factories and industries，其中又包含另一个定语从句they produce，修饰pollution。
Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity (数量) of things we produce in order to save ?the environment.I don't agree with her because then jobs will be lost.I believe that people are more important than fish and trees.
林女士建议削减生产来保护环境。我不同意她的观点，因为那样人们会失去很多的工作机会。我相信，人比鱼类和树木更重要。
[助读讲解] ?in order to do为了做……，不定式作目的状语。
However，I do agree ?that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled?，and less from raw (未经加工的) materials，the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller?.What we need are better laws to preserve the environment and still allow our country to grow.This includes controls on how many trees are cut down and how many fish are caught.This might make wood and seafood (海鲜) more expensive，but paying a higher price for some things is not always bad.Asking around，I find many people willing (愿意的) to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.
但是，我非常赞同我们应该更多地利用回收材料制造产品，减少原材料的使用，因为原材料的供应正变得越来越紧张。我们所需要的就是用更好的法律来保护环境，更要允许我们的国家发展。这包括控制砍伐树木和捕鱼的数量。这可能使木材和海产品更昂贵，但是付更高的价钱购买某些东西不总是不利的。我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。
[助读讲解] ?do为助动词，强调谓语动词，意为“的确”。?that have been recycled为定语从句，修饰materials。?the supply...smaller为非限制性定语从句，修饰raw materials。what we need为what引导的主语从句。how many引导的宾语从句作介词on的宾语。动名词短语paying a higher price for some things作主语。that引导定语从句，修饰things。
Finally，those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay higher taxes(税).If you harm (损害) the environment，you should have to pay (付费) for it to be repaired.
最后，所有那些污染环境的工厂应该缴纳更多的税。如果你危害环境，你就得为它的修复付费。
[助读讲解] which引导定语从句，修饰those factories。
Thank you for listening.
James Long：Now we will open the floor for discussion...
谢谢大家垂听。
詹姆斯·朗：下面我们将展开自由讨论……
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P22－23教材课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Para.1 A．The problem of population
2．Para.2 B．The states of Qian Liwei
3．Para.3 C．Debate's question and characters
4．Para.4 D．The damage of chemical waste
5．Para.5 E．Save the raw materials to protectenvironment
6．Para.6 F．The differences of Ms Lin and me
7．Para.7 G．Fishing boats' threats to sea life
8．Para.8 H．Increasing taxes for factories polluting
the environment
9．Para.9 I．The relationship of a healthy environment
and development
10．Para.10 J．The problem caused by much rubbish
[答案] 1－5 CDGAJ 6－10 BIFEH
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P22－23教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．What is the focus of the debate according to the text?
A. Developing economy is the most important.
B．Preserving the environment is the most important.
C．The relationship between the environment and the economy.
D．The factories which cause much pollution to the environment should pay higher taxes.
2．We can infer that both sides agree on the point that______．
A．people should cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy
B．recycling will help in both the fields of economy and environment
C．it is very important to reduce the amount of jobs
D．we need more effective laws to preserve the environment
3．According to the passage, most of the following statements are true EXCEPT that ________．
A．Qian Liwei is for the idea of cutting back on quantities of things we produce in order to save the environment
B．Lin Shuiqing has different ideas about protecting the environment with Qian Liwei
C．Qian Liwei thinks that people are more important than fish and trees
D．many people are willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment
4．We can predict that the debating show would probably be part of a(n)________programme.
A．economics B．entertainment
C．films and plays D．military
[答案] 1－4 CBAA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P22－23教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People are having a debate about 1.whether to develop the economy or protect the environment.2.In Lin Shuiqing's opinion，it is our duty 3.to_cut(cut) back on 4.production(produce) and reduce the quantities of things we make and buy. While Qian Liwei 5.thinks(think) that businessmen are not greedy and they don't hide their 6.responsibilities (responsibility)，either.As far as he is concerned，the people 7.operating(operate)these factories are 8.deeply(deep) concerned about the environment，and 9.should be given more credit.In fact，many people are willing to pay a little 10.higher(high) price for things that are friendly to the environment.
课件59张PPT。Unit 2 The environmentSection Ⅰ Reading (Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)whetherInto cutproductionthinksresponsibilities operatingdeeplyshouldhigherThank you for watching !Section Ⅱ Language points(Ⅰ)(Welcometo the unit & Reading)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1．Don't be so greedy(贪婪的)—leave some of the food for the rest of us.
2．Recycling(回收利用)is good for the environment，but it costs a lot of money.
3．In our modern society，quality often matters more than quantity(数量)．
4．Upon arriving at the building on fire，the firefighters rapidly pumped(用泵抽水) water to put out the fire.
5．If you have any questions you want to ask，please talk to the manager on duty(责任)．
6．His good performance in school does great credit to his mother.
7．Nothing is too difficult to a willing heart.
8．After a long debate the House of Commons approved the bill.
9．The Yellow River originates in the west and flowseastwards into the sea.
10．They tried to stop the escape of gas from the damaged pipe．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词。
1．responsible adj.负责的→responsibility n．责任，职责
2．environment n．环境→environmental adj.环境的
3．product n．产品；产量
→produce vt.&vi.生产，制造→production n．产量；生产
4．belief n．看法；信念→believe v．相信，信以为真
5．operate vt.&vi.经营；动手术
→operation n．运转，操作→operator n．操作员，接线员
n.＋-al→adj.
v.＋-ion→n.
origin→original 原始的，最初的
person→personal 个人的
tradition→traditional 传统的
impress→impression 印象
elect→election 选举
act→action 行为
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．use up 用尽
2．be concerned about 对……关心
3．run out(of) 用完，耗尽
4．cut back on 减少，削减，缩减
5．result in 引起，导致
6．open the floor 自由发言
7．be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事
8．flow into 流入；汇入
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．At the end of the meeting，we'll open the floor for discussion.
2．We have to find alternative energy before the fossil fuels run out．
3．Speaking of pollution，I think of waste water flowing into rivers through pipes.
4．They keep a list of people who are willing to work nights.
5．People are concerned about the environmental problems such as global warming.
cut＋adv.→动词短语
v.＋adv.＋prep.→动词短语
cut down 砍倒；减少
cut off 切断；断绝
cut out 停止；裁剪
catch up with赶上
look down on/upon 轻视，看不起
add up to 总计，加起来等于
1．With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.
和我一起的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。
[记句式结构]
“介词短语＋be动词＋主语”构成的完全倒装句。
[仿写促落实]
Among the goods are Christmas trees，flowers，candles and toys.
这些商品里有圣诞树、花儿、蜡烛和玩具。
2．The world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.
与1800年相比，世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。
[记句式结构]
“倍数＋what从句”构成的倍数表达句。
[仿写促落实]
The number of the rural left-behind children is five times what it was ten years ago.
农村留守儿童的数量是十年前的五倍。
3．What if they run out?
如果它们被用完了怎么办呢？
[记句式结构]
What if引导的句子表示假设，可译为“如果……怎么办呢？”
[仿写促落实]
What if it rains when we can't get under shelter?
假如下起雨来，我们又没处避雨怎么办？
4．Other types of waste flow into our water，killing river and sea life.
其他类型的废物则流入我们的水域，杀死了河海生物。
[记句式结构]
现在分词短语作结果状语。
[仿写促落实]
His father died，leaving him a lot of money．
他父亲去世了，留给他很多钱。
5．It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
显然，你非常担心我们的环境现状。
[记句式结构]
It is/was＋adj./n.＋that从句
[仿写促落实]
It is strange that we haven't heard from him.
奇怪，我们一直没有他的消息。
debate n．&vi.辩论；争论，讨论
(教材P22)Today's debate question is，“The economy or the environment—must we choose？”
今天辩论的话题是“经济还是环境——我们必须做出选择吗？”
(1)under debate 在讨论中
a debate on/about/over... 关于……的辩论
(2)debate about... 就……辩论
debate with sb. about sth. 就某事与某人争辩
①(2018·江苏高考·阅读理解C)With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
由于国会要讨论一项新的农业法案，消费者必须与年轻农民站在一起。
②There is a growing debate about the most effective way for students to study.
人们对学生学习的最有效的方法讨论得很激烈。
③One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
其中一个在讨论中的问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。
④She often debates with classmates about the meaning of“happiness”．
她经常和同学们辩论“幸福”的意义。
[明辨异同] debate/argue/quarrel
debate
指正式的辩论，通常在一位仲裁人的主持下，按照一定的规则进行，双方各自陈述理由
argue
是指说理、论证，侧重于摆出事实，试图说服对方，也可能是激烈地交换意见，以致争吵
quarrel
“争吵，吵架”，指因小事发生口角
形象记忆
debate argue quarrel
debate，argue，quarrel
⑤The couple was quarreling about whose turn it was to cook the dinner.
⑥He knew it was useless arguing with his father.
⑦They debated hotly whether to accept these proposals or not.
cut back on减少，削减，缩减
(教材P22)It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy.
努力削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量是我们的责任。
cut off 切掉；割掉；分离；隔离(常跟from)；中断
cut across 抄近路穿过；径直穿过
cut away 切掉；剪掉
cut down 砍倒；杀死；削减；缩短
cut in 插嘴；突然插入；超车
cut out 切掉；删掉；剪下；裁剪
cut up 切碎；使丧气；使痛心
①We need to cut the article down to 1，000 words.
我们得把这篇文章缩短到1 000字。
②Many villages have been cut off by the heavy snow.
许多村子都被大雪孤立了。
③Let's cut up the chicken and make some soup.
我们把鸡剁成块煮汤吧。
responsibility n．责任，职责
(教材P23)They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.
他们就会联想到贪婪的商人逃避自己的责任，只关心金钱。
(1)a sense of responsibility 责任感
have/take responsibility for 对……负责
(2)responsible adj. 负有责任的；负责的
be responsible for 对……负责
①The father of a family should have more sense of responsibility.
一家人中父亲应有更多的责任感。
②Don't worry.If anything goes wrong，I'll take responsibility for it.
没关系，出了问题我承担责任。
③They have responsibility for ensuring that the rules are enforced.
他们有责任确保制度的执行。
belief n．看法；信念；信仰；宗教信条
(教材P23)People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.
人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这不一定是正确的。
(1)beyond belief 难以置信
in the belief that... 相信……
have belief in... 对……有信心
(2)believe v. 相信，认为
believe in 信任，信赖
believe sb. 相信某人的话
(3)believable adj. 可相信的；可信任的
unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
①It is beyond belief that his aunt，an 80-year-old lady，can sing and dance so wonderfully.
他的姑姑，一位80岁的老太太，能唱得跳得那么好，真是令人难以置信。
②(2018·天津高考·完形填空)I couldn't believe I had got into such a situation.
我简直不敢相信我竟陷入了这种境地。
③He came to me in the belief that I could help him.
他到我这里来，相信我能帮助他。
④I believe in his ability，but I can't believe what he says.
我相信他的能力，但是我不相信他说的话。
operate vt.& vi.经营，管理；实施；运转；动手术
(教材P23)The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.
这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。
(1)operate on sb. 给某人动手术
(2)operation n． 手术；运转；实施
perform an operation on sb. 为某人做手术
come into operation 开始运转；实施起来
put...into operation 使运转；使实施
in operation 工作中；实施中
①(2018·天津高考·阅读理解A)Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector.
执行以下操作以确保烟雾探测器的安全运行。
②We will have to perform an operation on his eyes.
我们得给他的眼睛动手术。
③The doctors decided to operate on her leg immediately.
医生决定马上给她的腿动手术。
[图形助记]
三图详解“operate”
[名师点津]
operate表示“操作；管理；经营”时，为及物动词，同义词有run，manage等；operate表示“动手术”时，为不及物动词，跟宾语时需接介词on。
credit n．赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分
(教材P23)We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen as the enemy，and give them more credit!
我们应该停止将这些公司和商人视为敌人，而应给他们更多的赞誉！
give sb.credit for... 为……而称赞某人
to one's credit 某人值得赞扬/钦佩
do sb./sth.credit＝do credit to sb./sth. 某人/某物值得赞扬
credit card/limit 信用卡/额度
on credit 赊账，以赊购方式
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空)In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hard-earned.
在他的介绍之中，他清楚地表明我们的学分不会轻易地获得。
②Your honesty does you great credit.
你的诚实值得大大表扬。
③It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money that you found.
你拾金不昧的行为是很值得表扬的。
④Credit cards enable holders to obtain goods and services on credit.
信用卡能使持卡人通过赊账的方式购买商品和得到服务。
quantity n．数量
(教材P23)Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment.林女士建议削减生产来保护环境。
in large quantities＝in quantity 大量地；很多
a large/great/huge quantity of
＝large/huge quantities of 许多的；大量的
①This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.
此药大量服用会有害的。
②A large quantity of books is (be) stored in the library near the playground.
大量的书被保存在操场附近的图书馆里。
③Quantities of water in the lake have been (be) polluted by the factory producing kinds of cloth.
这个湖里大量的水被制造各种布匹的工厂污染了。
[名师点津]
a large quantity of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；large quantities of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
willing adj.愿意的，乐意的
(教材P23) Asking around，I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.
我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。
(1)be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
(2)unwilling adj. 不愿意的
be unwilling to do sth. 不愿意做某事
(3)willingly adv. 愿意地，乐意地
unwillingly adv. 不愿意地，不乐意地
①Successful people are those who are willing to take pains.
成功的人都是那些肯努力的人。
②(2018·天津高考·阅读理解D)We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead.
我们到了河边，他们不情愿地走在前面。
③Is there any man unwilling to fight(fight) in defence of his country?
难道有谁不愿为保卫自己的国家而战吗？
run out用完，耗尽
(教材P25)What if they run out?
如果它们被用完了怎么办呢？
run out＝give out/be used up (被)用完，(被)耗尽
run out of＝use up 用完(光)，耗尽
use up 用尽
①(2018·江苏高考·完形填空)Their savings had been used up to pay lawyers' fees.
他们的积蓄都被用来支付律师费。
②People will run out of water resources one day.
人们总有一天会耗尽水资源。
[名师点津]
run out与give out表示“被用完，被耗尽”，是不及物动词短语，主语通常是物；run out of相当于use up，表示“用完……”，是及物动词短语，主语通常是人。
According to the rule of the competition，we have to use up all the items before the time runs out．However，it is a long and tiring process.As a result，the day，long before I ran out of the time given by the judge，my strength had given out．What a disappointment!
根据比赛规则，我们得在时间结束前，用完所有的东西。但是，这是一个漫长而且累人的过程。结果，那天早在我用完裁判规定的时间之前，我就已经筋疲力尽了。真令人失望！
(教材P22)With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.
和我在一起的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。
[要点提炼] 句中With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing...是“介词短语＋be动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。
(1)为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，或为了强调表语，可把介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，并把句子的主语和谓语倒装。
(2)here，there，now，then等副词位于句首，句子的谓语动词为be，come，go等，且句子的主语是名词时，句子的主谓常完全倒装。
(3)表示趋向的副词in，out，away，up，down，off等位于句首，句子的谓语动词为go，fly，rush，run等表示动作的动词，且句子的主语是名词时，句子的主谓常完全倒装。
(4)表示方位的介词短语位于句首，句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(如lie，stand，live，sit，exist等)时，句子的主谓常完全倒装。
①Seated in the front were the guests.
坐在前排的是客人。
②Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你久盼的信在这儿。
③Out rushed(rush) the boy when he heard the noise.
听到响声时，男孩冲了出去。
④Beyond the river lives(live) an old fisherman.
有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。
[名师点津]
在以上完全倒装句中，当主语是代词时，则句子的主谓不用倒装；谓语动词的数要与主语的数保持一致。
(教材P22)The world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.
与1800年相比，世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。
[要点提炼] 句中“six times＋what从句”是一种倍数的表达结构。
倍数表达法的其他结构：
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词或副词原级＋as＋比较对象
(2)倍数＋形容词或副词比较级＋than＋比较对象
(3)倍数＋the＋名词(表示量度)＋of＋比较对象
(4)the＋名词(表示量度)＋of...＋be＋倍数＋that/those of...
①This room is twice as large as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
②The length of this pipe is three times that of that one.
这根管子的长度是那根的3倍。
③The car runs twice faster than that truck.
这辆小轿车比那辆卡车快一倍。
④This book is three times the length(long) of that one.
这本书的篇幅是那本书的三倍。
(教材P25)What if they run out?
如果它们被用完了怎么办呢？
[要点提炼] what if为连词词组，表示“如果……怎么办”，位于句首。句中可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。what if可看成是What would sb.do if...，What would happen if...或What does it matter if...的省略。
类似what if的常用省略结构：
How come...？ 怎么会……？
What/How about...? ……怎么样？
So what? 那又怎样？
What for? 为何目的？
①(2018·天津高考·阅读理解B)What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in?
如果他们长时间谈论一幅你不感兴趣的画，怎么办呢？
②If she spent five years in Paris，how come her French is so bad?
既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这样糟糕？
③What/How about taking(take) a walk after dinner?
晚饭后去散步怎么样？
1．It would be good to increase the amount of waste we recycle，and teach people ways of living that do not harm the environment.
[分析] 这是一个复合句。it是形式主语，代替to increase the amount of waste we recycle，and teach people ways of living that do not harm the environment为动词不定式结构作真正主语；其中，we recycle是定语从句，修饰前面的名词waste；that do not harm the environment也是定语从句，修饰ways。
[翻译] 增加我们回收东西的数量，并且教给人们不危害环境的生活方式是大有好处的。
2．What I'm here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants，I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.
[分析] 该句是一个主系表结构。主语是一个由what引导的名词性从句，谓语是is，表语是一个由that引导的从句；此从句中having worked...这一分词短语作原因状语，后面的一句话是整个that引导的表语从句的主干，其中know后是that引导的宾语从句。
[翻译] 在这里我想说的是，我一直和很多环保顾问合作，所以我知道，健康的环境和发展是可以并存的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The bill that the politician put forward is stillunderdebate.It is expected to be passed in the meeting next week.
2．We plan to save more money for the new house，so we have to cut back on everyday expense.
3．The oldest man in my village has a firm belief (believe)in the value of cold baths.
4．The grandfather，much to the surprise of the doctors，won't want his granddaughter to be operated(operate) on this week.
5．Sometimes she is just unwilling to go(go) to work because of bad weather.
6．According to this survey，some TV programmes should take responsibility for teenagers' negative behavior.
7．They had to stop halfway because they had used up the oil.
8．To their credit，the four countries work together in some areas，but still have very different institutions.
9．Large quantities of polluted water are(be) flowing into the sea now.
10．Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out．We must act immediately before there's none left.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我们的图书馆在校园的中心位置。
In the center of our school is our library．(倒装结构)
2．如果我们遇到我们任何人都处理不了的情况怎么办呢？
What if we meet with a situation(that/which)none of us are able to deal with？(what if)
3．这个房子的价格是2008年时的三倍。
The price of the house is three times what it was in 2008.(what)
4．别担心，出了问题我来承担责任。
Don't worry.If anything goes wrong，I'll take responsibility for it．(responsibility)
5．杰克在父亲经营的一家煤矿里工作。
Jack works in a coal mine operated by his father．(operate)
课件83张PPT。Unit 2 The environmentSection Ⅱ Language points(Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)greedyRecyclingquantitypumpeddutycreditwillingdebateflowspiperesponsibilityenvironmentalproductionbeliefoperateupaboutoutonintheto dointoopen the floorrun outflowing intoare willing toare concerned aboutAmong the goods are Christmas treesfive times what it wasWhat ifleaving him a lot of moneyIt is strange thatunderwithaboutquarrelingarguingdebatedoffupforthatinontoonishave beento fightofuse upruns outran out ofgiven outrushedlivesthanlengthtakingunderonbeliefto be operatedto goforupToareoutis our libraryWhat if we meet with a situation(that/which)three times what it wasI'll take responsibility for itoperated by his father点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅲ Grammar——现在分词
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.We saw a sleeping boy in the room.
2.When people think of factories，they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers.
3.Other types of waste flow into our water，killing river and sea life.
4.Asking around，I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.
5.What I'm here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants，I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.
1.例句1和例句2中的现在分词(短语)在句中作定语，其位置不同，单个的现在分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰词的前面，而现在分词短语作定语时通常放在所修饰词的后面。
2.例句3、例句4和例句5中的现在分词短语在句中作状语，其位置也是较为灵活，可以在句首，也可位于句末；例句3和例句4中，现在分词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，例句5中的现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
一、现在分词的形式、意义和语态
现在分词的构成为“动词＋-ing”。现在分词有一般式和完成式，还有主动和被动两种形式。
语态
形式
结构
用法
主动语态
一般式
doing
表示一般性的动作，或表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生
完成式
having done
表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，特别强调动作已经完成
被动语态
一般式
being done
所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作
完成式
having been done
表示一个被动动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
Mary said angrily pointing to the notice.
玛丽生气地指着布告说。
Having watered the vegetables，we began to dig the ground.
我们浇过菜之后，就开始挖地。
This is the computer being repaired by Tom.
这就是汤姆正在修的电脑。
Having been criticized by the teacher，Wang Ming gave up smoking.
受到老师的批评后，王明戒烟了。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①The building being repaired(repair) now is our school library.
②Don't keep the children working(work) on their lessons all day.
③Having been called(call) by a stranger，he realized what would happen.
二、现在分词的句法功能
1．作定语
单个的现在分词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前；现在分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后，且往往可转化为定语从句。
Changing attitudes towards education.
不断变化对教育的看法。
The building being built now will be our dining hall.
＝The building which is being built now will be our dining hall.
现在正在建造的建筑将是我们的餐厅。
[明辨异同]
现在分词作定语
它所修饰的名词通常就是现在分词的逻辑主语，并且通常可转换成一个定语从句
动名词作定语
表示的是被修饰名词的作用、用途等
比较：
a sleeping baby正在睡觉的婴儿(sleeping为现在分词，与baby是逻辑上的主谓关系)
a sleeping bag睡袋(sleeping为动名词，说明bag的用途)
[即时训练2] 句型转换
①Tell the boys who are playing over there not to make any noise.
→Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.
②This is the path which leads to the school.
→This is the path leading to the school.
2．作表语
现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be，get，become，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等后面。
Travelling is interesting but tiring.
旅行是有趣的，但也是令人疲劳的。
The news is encouraging.
这消息令人鼓舞。
[明辨异同]
现在分词作表语
表示主语的性质和特征。不可与主语交换位置
动名词作表语
对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。可与主语交换位置
My job is interesting.
我的工作很有趣。(interesting为现在分词，表示“工作”的特征)
My job is teaching.
我的工作是教书。(teaching为动名词，它是对“工作”内容的进一步说明)
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①－The story that old man told was touching(touch)．
－Yes，and very inspiring(inspire)．
②What he said was disappointing(disappoint)．
③The result of the accident is shocking(shock)．
3．作补语
现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，look at，listen to，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。变成被动语态时，现在分词就成了主语补足语。
The police caught him stealing a car.
警察当场撞见他在偷汽车。
He was caught stealing a car by the police.
他偷汽车时被警察当场撞见。
I could feel my heart beating wildly.
我能够感觉到我的心在剧烈地跳动。
We noticed him swimming in the swimming pool.
我们注意到他在游泳池里游泳。
[名师点津]
在感官动词或动词短语(see，watch，observe，look at，hear，listen to，notice等)和使役动词(have)后面的宾语补足语常有三种形式，即不带to的不定式、现在分词或过去分词。不带to的不定式表主动和完成；现在分词表主动和进行；过去分词表被动和完成。
[即时训练4] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We found him waiting(wait)to receive us.
②We kept the fire burning(burn)all the time.
③她让我们在这儿等了一个小时。
She kept us waiting here for an hour.
④今天早上10点钟有人发现他在洗车。
He was found washing the car at ten this morning.
4．作状语
现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。现在分词作状语，是对谓语动词表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬，也就是说现在分词表示的是比较次要的动作，是对谓语动词表示的动作或状态的补充说明，但它们表示的动作(或状态)是与谓语动词动作同时发生(或进行)的。现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
(1)作时间状语，可以转换为when/while引导的时间状语从句。
Leaving the airport(＝When they left the airport)，they waved again and again to us.
离开机场时，他们频频向我们挥手。
(2)作原因状语，可以转换为because/since/as引导的原因状语从句。
Being league members(＝Since we are league members)，we are ready to help others.
由于我们是团员，我们乐意帮助别人。
(3)作结果状语，常表示自然而然的、预料之中的结果。可以转换为so that引导的结果状语从句。
He fell off the bike，hitting(＝so that he hit)his head against a big stone.
他从自行车上摔了下来，头撞到了一块大石头上。
[名师点津]
动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示出乎意料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
They lifted a rock，only to drop it on their own feet.
他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
(4)作条件状语，可以转换为if引导的条件状语从句。
Using your head(＝If you use your head)，you'll have a good idea.
如果你动动脑筋，你就会想出好办法来的。
(5)作让步状语，可以转换为though/although等引导的让步状语从句。
Knowing(＝Though/Although they knew)all this，they made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们了解了这一切，但还是要我赔偿损失。
(6)作伴随状语和方式状语，可以转换为与原句并列的一个分句。
The girls came in，following(＝and followed)their parents.
那些女孩子跟在她们父母的后面进来了。
[即时训练5] 用所给词的适当形式填空/句型转换
①Having eaten(eat)at the cafeteria before，Tina didn't want to eat there again.
②Living(live)in the country，we had few social engagements.
③A lot of good land has gone with rain water，leaving(leave)only sand.
④Being ill，she was in hospital.
→Because/Since/As she was ill，she was in hospital.
三、现在分词的特殊结构
1．连词＋现在分词
when，while，if，though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词后可接现在分词作状语，相当于这些连词引导的状语从句的省略，这时现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
While(＝While he was)listening to the debate，he made notes.
听辩论时，他做了笔记。
If walking(＝If you are walking)the dog，you should be careful and don't let it get loose.
如果你在遛狗，当心别松了手。
2．not＋现在分词
现在分词的否定形式是在其前加not。
Not knowing what to do next，she stopped to think.
不知道下一步做什么，她停下来思考。
Not having finished the homework，the little girl is not allowed to play outside.
由于没完成作业，这个小女孩不被允许出去玩。
3．现在分词的固定短语
有些惯用的现在分词的固定短语，在句子中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，我们称这种成分为评论性状语或评注性状语。常见的有：
generally speaking 一般来说
frankly speaking 坦白地说
strictly speaking 严格地说
honestly speaking 诚实地说
judging from/by... 根据……来判断
Generally speaking，the learned are respected by people.
一般来说，有学问的人受人尊敬。
Judging from his look，he didn't agree with you at all.
从他的神情判断，他根本不同意你的看法。
[即时训练6] 句型转换/完成句子
①Though he was ill，he still continued studying.
→Though being ill，he still continued studying.
②To be honest，I didn't do it on purpose.
→Honestly speaking，I didn't do it on purpose.
③没完成这项任务，他们不得不在那儿再待上两周。
Not having completed/finished the task，they have to stay there for another two weeks.
单句语法填空
1．While reading(read)the book，he nodded from time to time.
2．Having suffered(suffer)from heart trouble for years，Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
3．Looking(look)at my classmates' faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.
4．The lawyer listened with full attention，trying(try)not to miss any point.
5．Judging(judge) from his tone，there's no doubt he is against the plan.
6．When we returned，we found a stranger standing(stand)in front of the house.
7．Tell Mary that there's someone waiting(wait)for her at the door.
8．Having been told(tell) many times，he finally understood the problem.
9．When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，telling(tell)me stories till I fell asleep.
10．The result of the test was rather disappointing(disappoint)．
课件40张PPT。Unit 2 The environmentSection Ⅲ Grammar——现在分词定语前面后面状语同时being repairedworkingHaving been calledplaying over thereleading totouchinginspiringdisappointingshockingwaitingburningwaiting herewashing the carHaving eatenLivingleavingBecause/Since/As she was illThough being illHonestly speakingNot having completed/finished the taskreadingHaving sufferedLookingtryingJudgingstandingwaitingHaving been toldtellingdisappointingThank you for watching !Section Ⅳ Language points(Ⅱ) (Word power，Grammar and usage & Task)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1．The police made several arrests(逮捕)during the football match.
2．She clapped(拍打)me on the back and joked with me.
3．The kind grandmother lent us some soft orangeblankets(毯子)．
4．The two stories conflicted，so I did not know what to believe.
5．The crime rate in this city has decreased in the last decade.
6．We have taken measures to avoid such things happening.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．arrive v．到达→arrival n．到来，抵达；到达者
2．illegal adj.非法的→illegally adv.非法地
3．impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n．印象
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．cause/do damage to 对……造成危害
2．make space for 为……留出空间
3．pick up 拾起，捡起
4．pick out 找出，挑选
5．clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
6．set up 建立
7．take off 脱下；起飞
8．queue up 排队等候
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．The explorers set up a base at the foot of the mountain.
2．Through some efforts，rescuers cleaned up the ruins carefully which covered the injured.
3．It was not until she took off her glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
4．Thanks to her perfect figure，she was picked out from thousands of applicants for the job.
1．The state of our parks is very shocking，with rubbish everywhere.
我们公园到处都是垃圾的情形令人非常震惊。
[记句式结构]
句中with rubbish everywhere是with的复合结构，在句中作状语。
[仿写促落实]
With much homework to do，she refused to go out with me.
她有许多作业要做，所以不跟我出去。
2．On taking off his jacket，they found a tortoise.
一脱下他的夹克上衣，他们就发现了一只陆龟。
[记句式结构]
“on＋动名词/名词”意为“一……就……”，在句中作时间状语。
[仿写促落实]
On seeing the snake，the girl was very frightened.
一看到那条蛇，小女孩就十分害怕。
3．I liked it when you told that joke.
我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。
[记句式结构]
“动词＋it＋when从句”结构中，it指代后面的从句作形式宾语。
[仿写促落实]
I hate it when I hear someone cheat in the exam.
我讨厌听到有人在考试中作弊。
arrival n．到来，抵达；到达者
(教材P29)Upon the arrival of spring，beautiful birds would sing happily in the park.
春天一到，漂亮的鸟儿们就会在公园里快乐地歌唱。
(1)on/upon one's arrival＝on/upon arriving
一到……就……，到达时，抵达时
(2)arrive vi. 到达
arrive at/in 到达(某地)
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·完形填空)I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet.
我很早就到了拜伦湾，我们本该在那里见面的。
②On your arrival，please wait for further instructions.
你抵达后，请听候进一步的提示。
③Guests receive dinner on/upon arriving/arrival(arrive) at the hotel.
旅客一到旅馆即可就餐。
pick up 捡起；拾起；收听；(偶然)学会；用车接(某人)；恢复
(教材P29)However，now I just find it tiring，because I have to pick up rubbish where I am going to sit.
然而，现在我感到非常疲惫，因为我必须要把我要坐的地方的垃圾捡起来。
写出下列句中pick up的含义
①Pick that book up. 捡起
②If you go to England you'll soon pick up English. 学会
③We'll send the ambulance to pick him up. 用车接
④I picked up Radio Beijing last night. 收听
⑤Now that your temperature has dropped，I'm sure you will pick up soon. 恢复
pick off 摘下来；去除，剪除
pick out 找出，挑选，选出；辨认出；领会，理解
⑥You should not pick off any of the flowers. 你不应该摘花。
⑦I have been picked out to represent the whole team.
我被选出来代表全队。
clean up打扫(或清除)干净
(教材P29)I am sad that the young people of today do not clean up after themselves before they leave the park.
令我感到伤心的是现在的年轻人离开公园前不去清理自己留下的垃圾。
(1)clean away 除去
clean out 扫除，清除，打扫干净
clean down 把……洗干净
clean off 扫除，擦去，清理
(2)clear up 整理，使整洁；(天空)放晴；
澄清，消除；治疗；(脸色)开 朗起来
①We'll have to have the fallen leaves cleaned away.
我们得找个人把这些落叶清理掉。
②I asked the children to clean out their drawers.
我要求孩子们打扫干净他们的抽屉。
③It is raining now，but I think it will clear up soon.
现在还在下雨，不过我想很快就会放晴。
arrest vt.&n.逮捕
(教材P29)Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South America illegally.
昨天两个人因非法从南美洲携带动物进入欧洲而在巴黎的一家机场被逮捕。
arrest sb.for... 因……而逮捕某人
get arrested 遭逮捕
arrest one's attention 引起注意
be put under arrest 被逮捕
①With the help of the old man，the criminals were put under arrest.
在那位老人的帮助下，这些犯罪分子均被逮捕。
②The beautiful sunset arrested our attention，and we stopped to watch it.
美丽的日落吸引了我们的注意力，我们停下来观看。
③The young man got arrested(arrest)for causing that serious accident.
因造成了严重事故，这个年轻人被捕了。
④The police arrested her for being drunk while driving a car.
警察因为她醉酒驾驶而逮捕了她。
impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记；使意识到
(教材P31)When I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more，I was very impressed.
当听到你说环境和经济需要更加协调发展时，我印象非常深刻。
(1)impress sb.(with sth.) (某事/物)给某人深刻印象
impress sth.on sb.＝impress on sb.sth.
使某人铭记某事
be impressed by/at/with 对……印象深刻
(2)impression n． 印象，感想
leave/give/make an impression on 给……留下深刻印象
(3)impressive adj. 使人印象深刻的
①I was deeply impressed by what she had said.
她说的话深深打动了我。
②The speaker impressed me with the sense of humor.
演讲者的幽默使我印象深刻。
③My teacher impressed on me the value of studying hard.
我的老师让我铭记努力学习的重要性。
④The beautiful and clean city has left a great impression
(impress)on foreign visitors.
这个漂亮干净的城市给外国游客留下了极好的印象。
conflict vi.冲突，抵触 n．冲突；矛盾
(教材P31)Many people think that economic development and environmental protection conflict with each other.
许多人认为经济发展与环境保护相冲突。
(1)conflict with 与……冲突
(2)come into conflict with 与……冲突/矛盾
in conflict with 与……冲突/矛盾
①The two sides came into conflict last week，causing 5 people dead and many injured.
上周双方发生了冲突，造成五人死亡，多人受伤。
②The interests of the individual should not be in conflict with the interests of the collective.
个人的利益不能与集体的利益发生冲突。
③You should try to avoid conflicting with co-workers.
你应该尽量避免和同事发生矛盾。
decrease vt.& vi.减少 n．减少
(教材P33)This is one of the cheapest and best ways of decreasing desertification.
这是减少沙漠化最经济、最好的方法之一。
(1)decrease to/by... 减少到/减少了……
decrease from...to... 从……减少/降低到……
(2)on the decrease 在减少
①The number of new students decreased from 1，500 to 1，200 this year.
今年新生人数从1 500人减少到了1 200人。
②The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.
该城市去年交通事故减少了30%。
③The number of violent crimes is on the decrease.暴力犯罪的数量正在减少。
[名师点津]
decrease to后接数字，表示“减少到……”；decrease by后接分数、百分数或其他表示数量的词，表示“减少了……”。
measure n．措施；方法；尺度
vt.测量；估量，判定
(教材P33)The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.
中心有三百多名科学家致力于找到治理沙漠化的方法。
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
be measured by/in... 用……来衡量
make...to one's own measure 按某人的尺寸做……
①The tailor made a suit to my measure.
裁缝按我自己的尺寸做了一套衣服。
②Education shouldn't be measured purely by/in examination results.
教育不应该纯粹用考试成绩来衡量。
③We should take appropriate measures (measure) to improve our teaching.
我们应当采取适当的措施提高教学质量。
④He bought a table measuring(measure) 2 meters by 50 centimeters.
他买了一张长2米，宽50厘米的桌子。
[名师点津]
measure表示“测量起来长或高或宽多少时”是连系动词，无被动语态。
(教材P29)The state of our parks is very shocking，with rubbish everywhere．
我们公园到处都是垃圾的情形令人非常震惊。
[要点提炼] 句中with rubbish everywhere是with的复合结构，在句中作状语。
with的复合结构常见方式：
with＋宾语＋
①With the meeting over，they left the meeting room.
随着会议的结束，他们离开了会议室。(作时间状语)
②He lay there thinking，with his head on his arms.
他躺在那儿，头枕着胳膊，想着什么。(作伴随状语)
③I can't go out to play with so much homework to do．
有这么多的作业要做，我不能出去玩。
④They pretended to be working all night with their lights burning(burn)．
他们让灯整夜亮着，假装一整晚都在工作。
(教材P29)On taking off his jacket，they found a tortoise.
一脱下他的夹克上衣，他们就发现了一只陆龟。
[要点提炼] on/upon doing＝on/upon＋(one's)＋n.在句中作状语，意为“一……就……”。
①Upon/On returning/his return from abroad，he set up a laboratory of his own.
＝As soon as he returned from abroad，he set up a laboratory of his own.
一从国外回来，他就建立了一个自己的实验室。
“一……就……”的其他表达方式：
(1)as soon as＋从句
(2)the moment/instant/minute...＋从句
(3)immediately/directly＋从句
(4)no sooner...than...(no sooner放句首，句子部分倒装)
(5)hardly/scarcely...when...(hardly/scarcely放句首，句子部分倒装)
②The instant/moment/minute the sun rises，the steam begins to go out.
太阳一升起来，水汽就开始出来了。
③No sooner had they reached the school than it began to rain.
他们一到学校，天就开始下雨了。
④Hardly had the match started when it began to rain.
比赛刚一开始天就下起雨来。
(教材P31)I liked it when you told that joke.
我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。
[要点提炼] 本句中like后加形式宾语it，再加when引导的从句作真正的宾语从句。
enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等表示情绪的动词后接if从句或when从句时，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。
①She won't like it if you arrive late.
她不喜欢你迟到。
②I'd prefer it if I didn't have to do so much work.
要是我不必做那么多工作，就太好了。
③He hates it when people use his bike.
他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
④I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.
如果你能给我一点宝贵建议我会很感激的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The flowers smelling(smell)sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
2．On arriving (arrive) home, Jack turned on TV to watch his favourite program.
3．Not having got(get) his apology for doing wrong to me，I later walked straight to him and beat him on the nose.
4．My daughter stopped screaming immediately and looked up at me with tears rolling(roll)down her cheeks.
5．The thief was arrested(arrest)for stealing money from the bank.
6．Your room is so dirty that it should be cleaned(clean) up every day.
7．Now it is hard to put an end to the conflicts(conflict) between two countries.
8．My mother is going to help me pick out a new suit.
9．I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
10．My first impression (impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful man.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．一完成学业，他就开始在中国旅行。
Upon/On finishing his studies，he started travelling in China.(upon/on doing)
2．当你走进画廊，就好像你走进了易碎的白色的贝壳里。
When you walk into the gallery，you feel as if you were inside a fragile，white seashell.(as if)
3．害羞的人不喜欢当众演讲。
A shy person dislikes/hates it when he has to make a speech in public.(it作形式宾语)
4．老师常常让学生意识到课堂上做笔记的重要性。
The teacher often impresses on his students the importance of making notes in class.(impress)
5．各国政府正在采取措施阻止大气受到污染。
Gorvernments are taking measures to stop the atmosphere from being polluted.(measure)
课件62张PPT。Unit 2 The environmentSection Ⅳ Language points(Ⅱ) (Word power，Grammar and usage & Task)arrestsclappedblanketsconflicteddecreasedmeasuresarrivalillegallyimpresstoforupoutupupoffupset upcleaned uptook offpicked outWith much homework to doOn seeing the snakehate it whenarriving/arrival捡起
学会
用车接
收听
恢复outoutuparrestedforonimpression inwithbythemeasuresmeasuringwith so much homework to doburninghadwhenwhenitsmellingarrivinghaving gotrollingwas arrestedbe cleanedconflictsoutitimpressionUpon/On finishing his studiesas if you weredislikes/hates it whenimpresses on his studentstaking measures to stop点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅴ Reading(Ⅱ)(Project)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.climate A．vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；
排列，排序 n．范围；一系列；山脉
( )2.decade B．n.(对自然环境的)保护
( )3.conservation C．n.气候
( )4.range D．n.发动机，引擎
( )5.fuel E．vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会
( )6.absorb F．adj.电的，用电的
( )7.engine G．n.十年
( )8.illegal H．n.燃料
vt.& vi.提供燃料；加油
( )9.electrical I．vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注
( )10.appreciate J．adj.违法的，非法的
[答案] 1－5 CGBAH 6－10 IDJFE
Ⅱ.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思
A．进行中 B．关于，至于 C．排放
D．特别，尤其 E．把……归咎于…… F．尽自己的职责
( )1.Why should he notice her car in particular?
( )2.The decrease in sales was blamed on the bad economy.
( )3.In regard to his work，we have no complaints.
( )4.I need to let off steam or I'll go crazy!
( )5.The conference gets under way later today with a debate on the family.
( )6.She will always do her part—she never lets us down.
[答案] 1－6 DEBCAF
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P38教材课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Part 1(Para.1) A．The environmental situation on the
Yangtze River is improving.
2．Part 2(Paras.2～4) B．A lot of work has been done to
protect the river.
3．Part 3(Para.5) C．The environmental problems of the
Yangtze River have raised concern.
[答案] 1－3 CBA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
阅读P38－39的教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．What environmental problems does the Yangtze River have?
A．The waste being put back into the river is increasing.
B．The water is unsafe to drink.
C．The waste in the river endangers the fish and wildlife living in or along the river.
D．All of the above.
2．Which of the following statements about the Yangtze River is TRUE?
A．We still have to do many things to protect the Yangtze River.
B．All people have realized the importance of
protecting the Yangtze River.
C．The environmental situation of the Yangtze River has improved well.
D．Only the people who have worked for the
protection can appreciate our work.
3．To help decrease carbon gases，one should ．
A．not travel long distance
B．never travel alone
C．always walk or ride a bike
D．use as little energy as possible
4．What is the best way to use energy?
A．Never turning on the lights.
B．Recycling.
C．Making things by hand.
D．Never throwing things away.
[答案] 1－4 DADB
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
阅读P38教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Protecting the Yangtze River
1．Thankfully(thankful)，many people have recognized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River and 2.environmental (environment) organizations and projects have been set up 3.to deal(deal) with the problem.The Green River organization is a non-government organization that 4.educates(educate) people on the importance of protecting this great river.5.The organization also watches the river and stops the 6.illegal(legal) hunting of animals，7.which has been a major problem and 8.has endangered(endanger) the wild animals.Two 9.government(govern) projects are also 10.under way to protect the river.
课件16张PPT。Unit 2 The environmentSection Ⅴ Reading(Ⅱ)(Project)Thankfullyenvironmental to dealeducatesTheillegalwhichhas endangeredgovernmentunderThank you for watching !Section Ⅵ Language points(Ⅲ)(Project)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1．It was illegal(不合法的)to refuse to accept the disabled people as a worker.
2．Spacecraft are vehicles(交通工具)used for flight in outer space.
3．The school provides children with a full range(一系列) of activities.
4．In Africa，for example，poverty has actually risen over the past decade(十年)．
5．Water is made up of oxygen(氧气)and hydrogen.
6．This work had absorbed him for several years.
7．The climate in the south is moister(潮湿)than that in the north.
8．When the engine of a car breaks down，it won't start.
9．Carbon dioxide is the largest contributor to the green house effect.
10．Coal is one of the cheapest fuels．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．electrical adj.电的，用电的→electricity n．电
2．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→appreciation n．感激
3．particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的
→particularly adv.特别，尤其
4．conserve v．保护→conservation n．保护
5．consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n．消费者
v.＋-ation→n.
adj.＋-ly→adv.
imagine→imagination 想象(力)
determine→determination 决心
combine→combination 结合
frequent→frequently 经常地，频繁地
fortunate→fortunately 幸运地
unexpected→unexpectedly
未预料到地
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．under way 进行中
2．blame...on... 把……归咎于……
3．let off 排放
4．in this case 如果这样
5．in use 在使用中
6．in particular 特别，尤其
7．do one's part 尽自己的职责
8．in/with regard to 关于，至于
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．If everyone does his part，the project will surely be a success.
2．The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack's careless driving.
3．Now，the semifinals of the track and field events are under way．
4．I am interested in stories in general，and in detective stories in particular．
5．One of my neighbors let off fireworks to celebrate the wedding of his daughter.
v.＋off→动词短语
“prep.＋抽象名词”表状态
break off中断；折断
call off取消
set off出发；动身
under repair在修理中
under control在控制中
under debate在讨论中
1．Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.
对生活在江中或岸边的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。
[记句式结构]
否定副词nor位于句首时，用部分倒装。
[仿写促落实]
She has no experience in typing，nor does the skill interest her.
她没有打字经验，那种技能也引不起她的兴趣。
2．There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.
毫无疑问，近年来世界气候一直在变化。
[记句式结构]
there is no doubt that“毫无疑问”，that引导的是同位语从句。
[仿写促落实]
There is no doubt that smoking can seriously damage our health.
毫无疑问，吸烟会严重损害我们的健康。
3．Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，我们排放的碳就越多。
[记句式结构]
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”句型，意为“越……，就越……”。
[仿写促落实]
The harder you work，the greater progress you will make.
你越用功，进步就越大。
range n．范围；一系列；山脉vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
(教材P38)Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.
对生活在江中或岸边的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。
(1)a wide range of 各式各样的
in/within range of 在射程之内，在……范围内
beyond/out of range of... 在射程以外，超出……的范围
(2)range from...to... 在……范围内变动，
包括由……到……之间的各类事物
range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动
①He has a wide range of interests/knowledge.
他兴趣广泛/知识广博。
②The same dress ranges in price from $50 to $500 in different shops.
＝The same dress ranges in price between $50 and $500 in different shops.
同一条裙子在不同的商店里卖50美元到500美元不等。
③She has had a number of different jobs，ranging(range) from nurse to chef.
她已经从事过许多不同的工作，从护士到厨师。
④When driving on expressways，the driver must control his or her speed in/within the range of the posted maximum and minimum speed.
在高速公路上驾车时，司机必须把车速控制在规定的最高速和最低速之间。
[图形助记]
图文巧记range
under way 进行中；进展中
(教材P38)Two special government projects are also under way.
还有两个政府特别项目正在实施之中。
on the way 在途中，在路上
in the way 挡道，碍事
by the way 顺便说一下
by way of 顺道，途经
in a way 从某种意义上来说
in this way 以这种方式/方法
①In this way，people can decide for themselves when to start work and how to do it.
用这种方式，人们可以自己决定何时开始工作以及怎样去做工作。
②I left them alone，as I felt I was in the way.
我留下他们单独在一起，因为我觉得自己碍事。
③In a way it was one of our biggest mistakes.
从某种意义上来说，这是我们所犯的最大错误之一。
in/with regard to 关于，至于
(教材P38)We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River.
要解决有关长江的所有问题，我们还有很长的一段路要走。
(1)regarding prep. 关于
(2)regard...as 把……看作
(3)in this/that regard 在这方面；在这一点上
give my best regards (to sb.)
请代我问候(某人)；请代我向某人致意
as regards 关于，至于
(4)regardless of 不管，不顾
①In my view，you must be very familiar with China's market in this regard.
我认为你一定非常熟悉这方面的中国市场。
②Give my regards(regard) to your mom.
请代我问候你的母亲。
③He regards me as one of his best friends.
他把我看作他最好的朋友之一。
④He insisted on going out，regardless of the heavy rain.
他不顾下着大雨，坚持要出去。
appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会
(教材P38)The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.
中国政府和人民为保护这条他们所挚爱的河流所作的努力在将来会得到后人肯定的。
(1)appreciate＋n./pron. 欣赏/感激……
appreciate(one's)doing sth. 欣赏/感激(某 人)做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n． 欣赏；感激，感谢
appreciative adj. 有欣赏力的；感激的
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·完形填空)I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we appreciate it and the gifts.
我认为我们不会随便邀请他过来，但我们很感激这件事以及他的礼物。
②I really appreciate your coming to the party.
真高兴你能来参加这次聚会。
③I would appreciate it if the government took effective measures to deal with the problem.
如果政府能采取有效的措施来解决这个问题，我将非常感激。
④I would like to express my appreciation (appreciate) and thanks to you all.
我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。
[名师点津]
appreciate作“感激”时，其后不能接人作宾语。其后跟宾语从句if，when等时，需要加形式宾语it。
let off 排放；燃放，(使)爆炸；放过，宽恕
(教材P39)However，many other human activities also let off carbon gases.
然而，人类的许多其他活动也会排放碳类气体。
let sb.alone 不要管、不打扰某人
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上
let sb./sth.down 使失望；降低
let in 漏水；欺骗；让……进去
let out 泄漏；发出(叫声)；放大；出租
①Throwing their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
把他们的帽子扔向空中，获胜队的球迷们发出了胜利的欢呼。
②I cannot afford the time，let alone the expenses.
我没时间，费用就更不必提了。
③Please come and support me.Don't let me down．
请来支持我，不要让我失望。
particular adj. 专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的
(教材P39)In particular，metal products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce，so you should find ways to use these again without throwing them away.
尤其是金属产品和纸质产品需要大量能源来生产，因此你应该找到重复使用它们的方法，而不是把它们扔掉。
(1)be particular about/over 对……讲究；挑剔
in particular 尤其，特别
(2)particularly adv. 特别，尤其
①He is good at all subjects.In particular，he does well in maths.
他所有学科都擅长，尤其擅长数学。
②She's very particular about/over what she wears.
她对衣着很讲究。
③I particularly (particular) want to see that film.
我特别想看那部电影。
absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注
(教材P39)Last but not least，you can plant a tree，because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.最后但同样重要的是，你可以种上一棵树，因为树木吸收空气中的二氧化碳以产生氧气。
(1)absorbed by/into... 被……所吸收
(2)absorbed adj. 被吸收的；精神集中的
be/become absorbed in... 全神贯注于 ……；专心于 ……
(3)absorption n． 吸收；专注
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ· 阅读理解D)We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together.
我们都沉浸于在一起玩耍的简单乐趣中。
②Absorbed in the book，the girl didn't notice me coming in.
那个女孩儿专心看书，所以没有注意到我进来。
③Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body.
阿斯匹林很快被身体吸收了。
[图形助记]
两图妙记absorb
(教材P39)There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.
毫无疑问，近年来世界气候一直在变化。
[要点提炼] There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句，对doubt的内容进行解释说明，其中there不能用it代替。
(1)doubt作名词用时，若用在否定句和疑问句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。
(2)doubt作动词用时，若用在否定句和疑问句中，后面接that引导的宾语从句；若用于肯定句中，后面一般接if或whether引导的宾语从句。
①I don't doubt/have no doubt that he can finish the work on time.
我相信他能按时完成工作。
②You can complain，but I doubt whether/if it works.
你可以抱怨，但是我怀疑这是否有用。
[名师点津]
“there is no＋n....”句型还有：
①There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事
②There is no point(in)doing sth.做某事无意义
③There is no possibility/chance that...不可能……
(教材P39)Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，我们排放的碳就越多。
[要点提炼] “the more...the more...”句型常表示“越……就越……”，是一个复合句，前一部分相当于条件状语从句，后一部分为主句。
(1)主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词就要用一般现在时表示将来。
(2)在含有the more...the more...的句子中，有时根据具体语境可以使用省略结构。
①The more truth is debated，the clearer it becomes.
真理愈辩愈明。
②The more，the better.
多多益善。
③The more you know about the Internet research，the faster(fast) you will find what you are looking for.
你对网络研究了解得越多，你找到所要寻找的东西的速度就越快。
④The more careful you are(be)，the fewer mistakes you'll make.
越是细心你就会越少出错。
1．Rapid development and an increase in population have meant that the amount of water taken from the river is rising，and that the waste being put back into the river has been increasing.
[分析] 该句为主从复合句，含有两个that引导的宾语从句。第一个宾语从句中过去分词短语taken from the river作后置定语，修饰water；第二个宾语从句的引导词that不可省略，现在分词短语being put back into the river用的是被动式，作后置定语，修饰waste。
[翻译] 快速的发展和人口增长不仅意味着从长江的取水量在增长，而且排放到长江的废弃物也在增加。
2．Planting a small tree is cheap and easy，and two decades from now，when you look at what will have become a large tree，you will find a sense of satisfaction knowing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.
[分析] 该句为一个并列复合句，并列连词and前面是一个简单句，and后面是一个主从复合句。其中when引导一个时间状语从句；look at后接一个由what引导的宾语从句；现在分词短语knowing...作状语；knowing后接一个由that引导的宾语从句。
[翻译] 种植一棵小树很便宜也很简单，但二十年之后，当你看到它长成大树时，你会有一种满足感，因为你知道自己为帮助解决气候变化问题尽了一份力。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．From his satisfied voice on the phone I know everything is well under way.
2．It is widely believed that the harder(hard) you work，the better(good) results you'll get.
3．—Jack has spent an hour in the shoe shop.Hasn't he decided which pair of shoes to buy?
—Maybe.Young as he is，he is particular about/over his appearance.
4．They sold the goods illegally(illegal) and were sent to prison at last.
5．Male and female students are quite different from each other with regard to the age at which they begin to develop an intellectual self-discipline.
6．I would appreciate it very much if you could send me a few copies of the mechanic design of your new model.
7．Absorbed(absorb) in his games, he even didn't notice me approaching him.
8．Mike has put on so much weight this year that his mother has to let out all his trousers to his measure.
9．We don't doubt that we will complete all the projects before the year 2020.
10．The exchange program between the UK and China may affect various schools，ranging(range)from kindergartens to high schools.
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Colleges are attaching too much importance to tests.Students who receive higher scores on the SAT and the ACT are considered to be more intelligent and as a result they are usually admitted to better schools.
However，these tests don't necessarily ensure one's future success in life.To become better test-takers than others，some students would like to have more preparations.Several SAT and ACT prep-classes are offered by various companies and individual tutors，giving rich students a better chance to improve their scores.Some students even take medicine before their test.Although it is not proved that taking these drugs will increase a student's score，the nature of the drug is to increase alertness(敏捷)，concentration，and mental processing speed.
In addition，these tests can't show some of the skills and characters that are a key part to success.According to Bob Schaeffer of the National Center for Fair and Open Testing，creativity，perseverance and self-discipline(自律) are just a few basic qualities that are useful in the professional world that aren't measured by these tests.A high test score tells you nothing about how a student will handle the future life or how well they will adapt to their surroundings.
What colleges can do is weigh the students' academic track，such as what classes they took and how difficult they were，or what extra-curricular activities the students were involved in over their test scores.These things don't necessarily predict what the students will do in college，but if the admissions would pay more attention to four years of hard work instead of three hours of filling in bubbles(泡状框)，they might get more successful and well-rounded group of graduates.
[参考范文]
Colleges are too dependent on tests in admitting their new students.(要点1)Nevertheless，these tests，in which students can get high scores by taking extra prep-classes or medicines，cannot guarantee them a rosy future.(要点2)Besides，these tests are not able to give an accurate picture of students' full potential.(要点3)Therefore，to make sure they can get all-round top graduates，colleges should take the students' academic track into consideration.(要点4)
课件72张PPT。Unit 2 The environmentSection Ⅵ Language points(Ⅲ)(Project)illegalvehiclesrangedecadeoxygenabsorbedclimateengineCarbonfuelselectricalappreciateparticularconservationconsumeunderonoffinininone'stodoes his partblamedonunder wayin particularlet offnor does the skillThere is no doubt thatThe harderthe greaterrangingin/withinthe aregardsasofitappreciationdownabout/overparticularlyinby/intowhether/iffasterareunderharderbetterabout/overillegallytoitAbsorbedoutthatranging点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅶ Writing——如何写海报
海报写作属于应用文写作。海报是一种宣传广告，其内容是提供活动信息、介绍产品或说服别人等。
一、海报的写作格式和内容
海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。
1．标题
海报的标题写法较多，大体可以有以下几种形式：
(1)单独由文体名构成。即在第一行中间写上“海报”字样。
(2)直接由活动的内容承担题目，如“影讯”、“球讯”等。
(3)可以是一些描述性的文字，如“××风采”等。
2．正文
海报的正文要求写清楚以下内容：
(1)活动的目的和意义。
(2)活动的主要项目、时间、地点等。
(3)参加的具体方法及一些必要的注意事项等。
3．落款
要求署上主办单位的名称及海报的发布日期。
以上的格式是就海报的整体而言的，实际的使用中，有些内容可以少写或省略。
二、海报写作的注意事项
1．海报一定要具体真实地写明活动的地点、时间及主要内容，文中可以用些鼓励性的词语，但不可夸大事实。
2．海报文字要求简洁明了、通俗易懂，篇幅要短小、精悍。
3．海报的版式可以做些艺术性的处理，以吸引观众。
1．招聘广告
(1)Would you like...?
(2)If your answer is“Yes”，we have a job for you as a(n)...
(3)You should...
(4)Have...years of work experience.
(5)Please call...if you want to...
2．活动宣传
(1)The time：from...to...
(2)Aim：to raise money to help poor children
3．人物介绍
(1)Date of birth：...Appearance：...Career：...
(2)Place of birth：...Talent(s)：...
荒漠化问题在全世界日益严重。请根据下表要点以“Fighting against desertification”设计一则海报。
问题
全球荒漠化的面积占整个地球陆地面积的1/4；下个世纪，沙漠地区的面积将增加17%
原因
人类的行为，如滥砍滥伐等；旱涝灾害、气候变暖等
倡议
植树造林；呼吁人们提高环保意识……
注意：词数100左右。标题和署名已给出，不计入总词数。
Fighting against desertification
The Students' Union
体裁
英文海报
时态
一般现在时
主题
对抗荒漠化
人称
第三人称
结构
第一段：荒漠化问题；
第二段：出现这些问题的原因；
第三段：发出倡议。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．Illegal 非法的
2．result in 导致
3．measure 措施
4．take the responsibility to do sth. 担起做某事的责任
5．phenomenon 现象
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．毫无疑问，我们的环境会遭受很大的破坏。
There is no doubt that our environment will suffer a greater destruction.
2．倘若我们让这种情况继续发展。
If we let this situation continue as it is.
3．我们年轻人应当担负起责任，提高人们的环保意识。
We young people should take the responsibility to promote people's awareness of the environmental protection.
4．如果沙漠化更加严重，它将在许多方面极大地威胁我们。
If desertification becomes worse，it will greatly threaten us in many ways.
(二)句式升级
5．把句子1、2合并成复合句
There is no doubt that our environment will suffer a greater destruction if we let this situation continue as it is.
6．用“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”升级句子4
The worse desertification becomes，the more greatly it will threaten us in many ways.
[参考范文]
Fighting against desertification
As we all know，the worse desertification becomes，the more greatly it will threaten us in many ways.
About one fourth of the world's land surface has been replaced with desert.Worse still，it's likely that the area of desert will increase by 17% in the next century.
A survey shows that many factors result in the phenomenon.First，human being's bad behaviour is to blame，such as illegal cutting，planting no trees and so on.Second，flood and global warming have also speeded up the process.
There is no doubt that our environment will suffer a greater destruction if we let this situation continue as it is.The following measures may stop further desertification.On the one hand，the government should call on people to plant more trees.On the other hand，we young people should take the responsibility to promote people's awareness of the environmental protection.Just take an active part in the activities!
The Students' Union
课件22张PPT。Unit 2 The environmentSection Ⅶ Writing——如何写海报illegal
result in
measure
take the responsibility to do sth.
phenomenonThere is no doubt thatIf we let this situationtake the responsibility to promoteIf desertification becomes worseThere is no doubt that our environment will suffer a greater
destruction if we let this situation continue as it is.The worse desertification becomes，the more greatly it will threaten
us in many ways.点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Unit 2 The environment
课时分层作业(四) Section Ⅰ、Ⅱ
(建议用时：35分钟)
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．After ________ long debate the bill was passed.
2．You have grown up and you need to take ________________(responsible) for your actions.
3．My brother wants to let Professor Zhang operate ________ him.
4．Jack holds the belief ________ he will succeed one day if he works hard.
5．He has always been ________(will) to give a hand to others.
6．Our new factory produces large ________(quantity) of goods every year.
7．I do wish you wouldn't use ________ all the hot water.
8．His improved performance does credit ________ his trainer.
9．My suggestion is that we try to cut back ________ the labour costs.
10．This dictionary is exactly five times ____________(expensive) than that one.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．这家工厂现在的产量是10年前的3倍。
Now the production of this factory is ________________________ ten years ago.
2．和她在一起的是一个不超过40岁的男子。
________________________ of no more than forty.
3．如果暴风雪不停怎么办？
____________ the snow storm doesn't stop?
4．虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。
________________________________________，I can't agree with you.
5．起初她确实是同意的，但后来改变主意了。
At first she ________ agree but then she ________________．
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
There're so many ways that going green can benefit not only our beautiful Earth and our environment，but also your own daily life and health.Green living，renewable energy sources and sustainable(可持续的) materials are all the newest and most exciting buzz words of recent years.
Foot power.Ride your bicycle, walk or run to your destination rather than driving your vehicle.You'll save money on gas and you'll enjoy excellent cardiovascular (心血管的) health as a result of using your own energy to arrive where you want to go.Do some sightseeing on the way too!
Enjoy solar power.Solar water heating systems are built so that you can enjoy free heated water.Solar powered lights are an excellent way to dress up your landscape while positively impacting the environment.You'll use less electricity, save money and cut back on the amount of fossil fuels your family uses to light up the outside of your house, garden or pool area.Solar battery chargers enable you to have electricity anywhere with sunlight you go.Power your cell phone，laptop，lights, RVs, boats and handheld devices without the concern of the location of an electrical outlet.You'll help save the environment at the same time you're enjoying free electricity!
Healthier bodies and support the local economy.Eating fresh whole organic foods provides the fuel our bodies need to fun_ction best.The benefits of making greener food choices are increased long life, better tasting foods and feeling good about supporting your local growers. Grow your own vegetables or purchase locally from farmers' markets and food cooperatives.You're automatically helping the environment because the amount of fossil fuels required to ship or truck in fresh food to the grocery store is cut considerably.
Green household cleaners. Make your own household cleaners or choose all-natural products to make your home sparkle.No more worrying about harsh (涩口的) smells or chemical reactions—you'll simply enjoy a cleaner and healthier home environment naturally.
1．The green living can benefit EXCEPT________．
A．our beautiful Earth and our environment
B．our own daily life and health
C. renewable energy sources and sustainable materials
D．longevity, better tasting foods and feeling good
2．How will you feel when you go to work on foot?
A．Undescribable. B．Cheerful.
C．Unimaginable. D．Tiring.
3．What's the advantage of solar power?
A．It's free and efficient.
B．It's useful with sunlight.
C．It's powerful to all devices.
D．It's enabled without limitation.
4．Which is NOT true for you to do?
A．Eating fresh whole organic foods.
B．Making greener food choices.
C．Growing or buying local products.
D．Enjoying products shipped.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·湖北省孝感市八校联考高二上学期期中)
Be a Green Child
What does it mean to be green? “Green” is more than just a color.__1__ Why green? Plants are green, and without them the Earth wouldn't be such a lovely home for us human beings.What can we do? Here's a four-step guide to being green.
Reduce It!
__2__For instance, a shorter shower means you used less water and less fuel since your house uses fuel to run the water heater that warmed up the water.
Reuse It!
Sometimes people call ours a“throwaway society”．It means that we're a little too willing to throw away old stuff (东西) and buy new stuff. __3__
For instance, if your baby brother becomes older and loses interest in his plastic basketball hoop (篮圈), why not give it to another family who has a little kid?
Recycle It!
Recycling has never been easier.Many communities will pick it up right in front of your house and some towns even require it.Recycled goods go to a recycling center, where they can be turned into new cans, bottles, and paper.
Enjoy It!
It's true that rubbish and pollution are problems, but the Earth remains a huge and beautiful place that's ready for you to explore. __4__ Go for a hike, visit local nature centers and gardens, and climb up mountains.
But before you travel the globe, take a look at your own backyard.Is there a spot where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden? __5__
A．It also means taking special steps to protect the environment.
B．Many times, even if you no longer need something, someone else just might.
C．You can start locally by visiting the naturally beautiful spots in your city.
D．Turn off the water when you're brushing your teeth.
E．Get out there and get your hands dirty.
F．You can watch with pride as your tree takes root and your garden plants grow.
G．When you use less of something, you do a good thing for the Earth.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·河北省邯郸市高二上学期期中)A rainforest is an area 1.________(cover) by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year.Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.2.________ the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，3.________(warm) the rest of the world.Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years, humans 4.________(begin) destroying rainforests in search of three major resources: land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm 5.________(animal)．This action affects the environment as a whole.For example, a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests.People 6.________(obvious) have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees, 7.________ we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
Rainforests are often called the world's drug store.More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests.However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their 8.________(medicine) value.It is extremely likely 9.__________our best chance to cure diseases 10.________(lie) somewhere in the world's shrinking rainforests.
课时分层作业(五) Section Ⅲ、Ⅳ
(建议用时：35分钟)
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．On your ________(arrive)，please give me an e-mail.
2．With many green trees ________(cover) the hill，the air here becomes fresher than before.
3．These results conflict ________ earlier findings.
4．I would appreciate ________ if you would turn the music down.
5．Soon two policemen came in a police car and __________(arrest)him.
6．The number of employees has already decreased ____________ twenty percent after the manager laid off them.
7．China's first aircraft carrier，________(measure)about 304 metres，was handed over to the PLA navy in 2012.
8．__________(impress)with the courage of the young cancer patient，many people left messages in his microblog，encouraging him to fight with the disease.
9．Nearly every great building in Beijing was built ________(face)south.
10．A snowstorm buried Illinois under several inches of snow on Tuesday，________(leave)at least 100 people dead in traffic accidents.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．一完成学业，他就开始在中国旅行。
________________________，he started travelling in China.(upon/on doing)
2．当你走进画廊，就好像你走进了易碎的白色的贝壳里。
When you walk into the gallery，you feel ________________ inside a fragile，white seashell.(as if)
3．害羞的人不喜欢当众演讲。
A shy person ________________ he has to make a speech in public.(it作形式宾语)
4．他躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。
He lay on the grass ________________ at the sky.(with复合结构)
5．各国政府正在采取措施阻止大气受到污染。
Governments are ________________ the atmosphere from being polluted.(measure)
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Have you ever thought about living in a“green”house，one that is healthy for you and your family and helps conserve the Earth's resources？Some people want to build a new home，renovate an existing one，or make a few changes in their living habits.Every household can do something to support the conservation of the environment and improve our quality of life.As environmental concerns continue to increase worldwide，using more green products into our lives becomes more and more important.There is growing interest in green living，and the possibilities for achieving it in our homes are rapidly expanding.Our company's website www.ghouseabc.com can show you more about that.
Because buildings need enormous quantities of the Earth's resources in their construction and daily operation，they offer many opportunities for new eco-friendly design as well as cost savings.The Green House shows the combination of architecture，interior-design，and enviromental responsibility.Home is where going green begins—where we as individuals have the power to set a new course for a brighter future.
If you are interested in these“green”houses，please contact us and our company will send you more information about them.And we're sure you'll have a surprise.
E-mail：ghouseabc@126.com
Phone：3567218/3567219
Fax：3390231
1．The main purpose of the passage is to________．
A．remind people to protect the environment
B．ask people to buy a“green”house
C．give a brief introduction of the“green”house
D．express the writer's own opinion about the
environment
2．From the passage，we can learn that the Green House shows________．
A．only interior-design and outer appearance of the
building
B．the combination of architecture and environmental
importance
C．the importance of the Green Movement
D．the combination of architecture，interior-design
3．The underlined word“eco-friendly”in Paragraph 2 probably means“________”．
A．friendly to people
B．good for the design of buildings
C．good for the environment
D．friendly to the Green House
4．How many ways can you use to get more information about the products?
A．1. B．2.
C．3. D．4.
Ⅱ.完形填空
The images were shocking: Allison Samowitz and her twin sister，Jillian were watching the 2010 BP oil spill (溢出)on TV with their__1__sinking.“We live right__2__the beach，and we heard many stories of how sea birds and sea creatures__3__because of sea pollution and how the spill__4__the ocean's ecosystem，” says Allison.“It was just devastating (毁灭性)，and we were__5__it would happen here.” The__6__towns along the Gulf of Mexico didn't feel that far away from their little Golden Beach anymore.They decided to do__7__for the nature conservation.
The sisters studied the__8__habits of their friends and neighbors.“We're a(n)__9__town of 260 homes，and we found out only 20 percent of them__10__！” Allison says.
Moved to act，they first organized a town fair with demonstrations about how__11__people could make lasting changes to the environment.They__12__local companies to join them and the fair__13__a crowd of about 200 people.On the scene were trucks and booths(货摊)where volunteers and company workers accepted__14__electronic equipment，eyeglasses，clothes and books—all for recycling.
The girls are planning another__15__this year.“It's an education campaign，”says Allison，“People don't know，but there are so many simple things they can do every day that can__16__the nature.”
Allison now reports on the environment for her school's television station.Both girls devote their spare__17__to various recycling projects around the town，such as giving old toys to children's charities and collecting__18__clothes for the people in need.
And should anyone think that they're awfully single-minded，they are__19__．The sisters have many__20__other interests: ballet，volleyball，singing and deep-sea diving with their dad.“They're basically optimistic，” said their dad.
1．A．boats B．ships C．habits D．hearts
2．A.for B．on C．above D．with
3．A.lived B．died C．appeared D．survived
4．A.promoted B．maintained C．controlled D．affected
5．A.sure B．sorry C．afraid D．certain
6．A.historical B．industrial C．official D．coastal
7．A.something B．anything C．nothing D．everything
8．A.conservation B．contribution C．pronunciation D．nutrition
9．A.famous B．ancient C．large D．small
10．A.recycled B．fished C．worked D．waited
11．A.clever B．normal C．ordinary D．cautious
12．A.ordered B．reminded C．warned D．persuaded
13．A.collected B．informed C．attracted D．moved
14．A.used B．repaired C．polluted D．broken
15．A.game B．concert C．competition D．fair
16．A.damage B．benefit C．ruin D．endanger
17．A.time B．part C．money D．effort
18．A.new B．fashionable C．worn D．expensive
19．A.mistaken B．right C．silly D．friendly
20．A.wealthy B．strange C．popular D．healthy
课时分层作业(六) Section Ⅴ、Ⅵ
(建议用时：35分钟)
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He accidentally let ________ that he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn't been home for a couple of weeks.
2．The price of the house is reasonable and I love its garden ________ particular.We can grow flowers and vegetables there.
3．They have several plans ________ way to achieve our aim of keeping the river clean.
4．I much appreciate __________(hear) timely reports，________(tell)me about the progress of our new project while I was away abroad.
5．—Why did you give the waitress a gift?
—To show my ____________(appreciate)for her good service.
6．There's no doubt ________ he can win the game this time.
7．This month has witnessed a wide range ________ temperature.
8．Fully ________(absorb)in preparing for the coming exam，she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in her neighborhood.
9．The more you listen to English，the ________(easy) it becomes.
10．I have nothing to say in regard ________ that matter.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．高温将持续在三十四至三十九摄氏度之间。
High temperature will continue ________________________ 34 and/to 39 degrees Celsius.
2．你练习得越多，你的进步就越大。
The more you practise，________________________________．
3．她专心忙家务，所以没有注意到儿子离开房间。
She ________________________ in her housework that she didn't notice her son leave the room.
4．毫无疑问，她会遵守诺言的。
________________ she will keep her word.
5．如果你支付现金的话，我将不胜感激。
________________________ if you paid in cash.
[高考题型练习提能力]
阅读理解
A
(2019·重庆市第一中学高二上学期期中)William Curry is a serious climate scientist, not an art critic.But he has spent a lot of time on Emanuel Leutze's famous painting “George Washington Crossing the Delaware”，which describes a boatload of colonial American soldiers making their way to attack English the day after Christmas in 1776.“Most people think these other guys in the boat are rowing, but they are actually pushing the ice away，”says Curry, tapping his finger on the painting.Sure enough, the lead sailor is breaking the frozen river with his boot.“I grew up in the Philadelphia.The place in this painting is 30 minutes away by car.I can tell you, this kind of thing just doesn't happen anymore.”
But it may again soon.And ice-choked scenes may also return to Europe.The 16th-century painter Pieter's works, including the 1565 masterpiece “Hunters in the Snow”，make the now-temperate European landscapes look more like Lapland.Such frigid settings were commonplace during a period dating roughly from 1300 to 1850 because much of North America and Europe was in the pain of a little ice age.And now there is increasing evidence that the cold could return.A growing number of scientists believe conditions are right for another lasted cooldown, or small ice age.While no one is predicting an ice sheet like the one that covered the Northern Hemisphere with glaciers about 12，000 years ago, the next cooling trend could drop average temperatures 5 degrees over much of the United States and 10 degrees in the Northeast, northern Europe, and northern Asia.
Political changes since the last ice age could make survival far more difficult for the world's poor.During previous cooling periods, these people simply picked up and moved south, but that doesn't work in the modem world, of closed borders.“To the extent the climate change may cause rapid and extensive changes of fortune for those who live off the land, the inability to migrate may remove one of the major safety homelands for pitiful people，”says the report.
1．The writer uses paintings in the first paragraph to say ________．
A. impossible future climate change
B．climate change of the last two centuries
C．the river doesn't freeze in winter anymore
D．how George Washington led his troops across the river
2．Which of the following do scientists believe to be possible?
A．The temperature may drop over much of the Northern Hemisphere.
B．It will be colder than 12，000 years ago.
C．The entire Northern Hemisphere will be covered in ice.
D．Europe will look more like Lapland.
3．Why is it difficult for the poor to survive the next age?
A．People don't live in tribes anymore.
B．Politics are changing too fast today.
C．Climate change causes people live off the land.
D．Migration has become impossible because of closed borders.
4．What is the best title of the passage?
A．A New Ice Age
B．The Effect of Ice Age
C．Prediction about the Ice Age
D．Political and Climate Change
B
People and the sources of air pollution are found in the same places.This means that cities with large populations have the biggest problem of dirty air.Air pollution is caused by many different things.A major source of air pollution is the gas fumes(烟雾) from cars.Statistics show that 93 percent of all auto trips are within cities.Another major source of dirty is the burning of coal and oil for energy.This energy is needed to make electricity.Of course，much more electricity is used in the city than in the countryside.
On the average，we throw away more trash and garbage than the year before.The burning of garbage contributes to air pollution.Many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities.The fumes from iron，steel，chemical，and petroleum(石油)production add particles(微粒)to the air.
The effects of air pollution range from loss of clear vision，mild headaches to death.Wherever coal and oil are used for fuel，fumes may kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode(腐蚀)．In some larger cities，these fumes endanger the life of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early deaths.
5．The key point of the passage is that________．
A．the cause of air pollution is people
B．the cause and the effects of air pollution are both found in cities
C．the effects of air pollution range from headaches to deaths
D．air pollution is caused by dirty air
6．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To persuade people to stop polluting the air.
B．To tell the causes of air pollution.
C．To tell why cities have larger populations.
D．To describe why cities are bad places to live.
7．Why is air pollution heavier in the city than in the countryside?
A．Because there are more people in the city.
B．Because the air in the city is thinner.
C．Because there are more cars in the city.
D．Because there are more air pollution sources in the city.
8．In larger cities，the fumes from coal and oil may result in________．
A．heart diseases B．serious headaches
C．lung diseases D．loss of clear vision
