What is true friendship?
友谊是世界上非常宝贵的东西，但什么是真正的友谊呢？我们一起来探讨一下吧！
Nowadays，the word friendship has been used so frequently that it has lost its meaning.Some jokingly or seriously put it that friends are made to be taken advantage of, which makes me very sad.True friendship doesn't mean that when you need your friend's help，you will treat him to dinner，and when you have to protect yourself，you will put your friend in a difficult situation.On the contrary，true friendship is the communication of the hearts and understanding of the souls.
True friendship is like water，which is tasteless but is essential to our body.Compared with decent wine，water is insipid in taste，but is of great help to satisfy our thirst.True friends don't need to be with each other every day，but are connected in heart every minute whatever the distance is.
True friendship is like medicine，though tasted bitter，killing your illness.True friends give you some proposals in point even if they know you would not take.They criticize you when others are praising you，not because of envy but worrying that you may lose your cool head.
True friends make you complete.Many persons accompany you through your life course，your parents，your lover，and your children，who take care of you and make your life happy.However，you still need someone who understands your thoughts and souls.Without them，you are likely to feel deserted in spirit and lose yourself.
[阅读障碍词]
1．frequently adv.频繁地
2．tasteless adj.无味的
3．essential adj.最基本的
4．decent adj.相当好的
5．insipid adj.无味道的
6．accompany v．陪伴
[诱思导读]
阅读短文，回答下列问题。
1．Why did the writer write this article?
[答案] Because the writer wanted to tell the readers his opinions about true friendship.
2．What is true friendship?
[答案] 2.略
Section Ⅰ Reading (Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.betray A．vt.原谅，宽恕
( )2.pretend B．adv.真诚地
( )3.forgive C．vt.出卖，背叛
( )4.sincerely D．adj.极佳的；卓越的
( )5.childhood E．adj.令人尴尬的；笨拙的
( )6.superb F．vi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作
( )7.guilty G．n.童年，幼年
( )8.remark H．adj.内疚的；有罪的
( )9.awkward I．adj.易生气的；敏感的；体贴的
( )10.sensitive J．n.&vi.评论，谈论
[答案] 1－5 CFABG 6－10 DHJEI
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．相处，进展 B．盯着 C．由于……的原因
D．履行诺言 E．暗中监视，窥探
F．(与……)步调一致，(与……)同步
( )1.We must keep pace with the new development of modern scientific research.
( )2.He was sent to spy on the enemy's movements.
( )3.It's not polite to stare at a girl in the face.
( )4.The flight was delayed as a result of the fog.
( )5.He is sincere and easy to get along with.
( )6.He was taught to keep his word as a child.
[答案] 1－6 FEBCAD
Secrets and lies
Dear Annie
I feel betrayed(出卖) by my friend Hannah.We have been best friends since primary(初级的) school and spend almost every day with each other.Sometimes，other children say we are no fun(乐趣)because we are both very academic(优秀的) and like to study，but we like it that way①.We are both very hard-working and always get good grades at school.
秘密与谎言
亲爱的安妮：
我感觉自己被我的朋友汉娜出卖了。我们俩从小学开始就是最要好的朋友，几乎每天相伴。有时，别的小孩说我们俩很没趣，因为我们俩都很擅长读书，又爱学习，可我们觉得这样挺好。我们都很用功，在学校里成绩总是很好。
[助读讲解] ①we like it that way中that way作方式状语，it不具体指代某一事物，而是一种模糊指代。
On Monday，we had a surprise(吃惊) math quiz(小测验)．I thought it was quite easy and was not worried about the results.I must have sounded②very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade③.The next day after class，my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class！I felt so ashamed(羞耻的)；I must be really stupid(愚蠢的) to fail(未能通过) a simple math quiz！
周一那天，老师突然搞了一次数学突击测验，我当时觉得题很简单，所以一点儿也不担心考试结果。考试之后，我一定是听上去洋洋得意，说考题实在太简单了，我肯定能取得好成绩。但第二天课后，数学老师告诉我，我得了全班的最低分！我羞愧极了，如果连一次简单的数学考试都通不过，我肯定是愚蠢极了！
[助读讲解] ②must have done 表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。③现在分词短语saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade作伴随状语。saying后是两个宾语从句。
Afterwards(后来)，I pretended(假装) to be cheerful(高兴的)，but Hannah sensed(感觉到) something was wrong.We went to wash our hands in the girls' washroom(洗手间) before lunch and I admitted(承认) how badly I had done④.I begged(请求) her not to tell anyone else，and she said she would keep my secret(保守秘密)．
后来，我假装很开心，但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。午饭前，我们去女洗手间洗手，我承认我考得是如何的差。我请求她不要跟别人说这件事，她也答应替我保守秘密。
[助读讲解] ④how badly I had done是how引导的宾语从句，作admit的宾语。
However，the next day，I noticed that my classmates were staring at(盯着) me as I came into math class and⑤，when I went to sit down，I was shocked to find(吃惊地发现) a piece of paper on my desk that said(写着)，‘Stupid Sarah got a D！’I was so upset that I felt like(想做) crying.I thought that Hannah must have told my classmates about my grade after promising not to.Everyone must have been laughing behind my back！
然而第二天，一走进数学课堂我就注意到同学们都在盯着我，当我坐下的时候，我吃惊地发现自己的课桌上放着一张纸条，上面写着“愚蠢的萨拉只得了个D！”我当时真是太难过了，以至于想哭出来。我想汉娜肯定是出尔反尔，将我的分数告诉了同学们。大家在我背后想必是笑得合不拢嘴了！
[助读讲解] ⑤and连接的并列句。第一个并列分句中，that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中包含一个as引导的时间状语从句。第二个并列分句中，when引导时间状语从句，对应的主句中包含一个that引导的定语从句。
I was so angry that I went straight(径直) to Hannah and told her we weren't going to be friends any more because she couldn't keep her word(信守诺言)．She was really upset and swore(发誓) that she hadn't told anyone.However，the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the students that the grades belong to⑥.She said that someone must have been spying on(暗中监视) us in the washroom，but I didn't believe her explanation.I don't think I can ever truly(真正的) forgive(原谅) her.Now I've lost my best friend.What shall I do?
Yours sincerely(真诚地)
Sarah
我非常生气，径直走到汉娜跟前，告诉她我们不再是朋友了，因为她不能信守承诺。汉娜很不安并向我发誓说，她没有对任何人说过。可是只有老师和学生本人才能看到分数。她说一定是有人在洗手间偷听我们的谈话，但我不相信她的解释。我认为我永远不会真正地原谅她。现在我失去了最要好的朋友。我该怎么办呢？
你真诚的
萨拉
[助读讲解] ⑥who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people；that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the students。
A friendship in trouble
Dear Annie
My name is Andrew.I am 17 years old and I have a problem.My best friend Matthew has stopped talking to me.We have been best friends since childhood(童年)⑦ and play together in the school football team.Last week，we had an important match against(与……对抗) another school.The other team was superb(极佳的) and we really had to focus(集中注意力)．I was determined to win(决心赢)，but Matthew was playing badly.He could not keep pace with(与……步调一致) the game，and as a result of(由于) his careless playing we lost.
亲爱的安妮：
我的名字叫安德鲁，今年17岁，我碰到了一个问题。我最好的朋友马修不和我说话了。我们俩从小就是最好的朋友，还一起在校足球队踢球。上个星期，我们和另外一个学校有一场重要的比赛。对方是一支优秀的球队，我们真的得集中注意力。我决心赢得这场比赛，但马修踢得实在是太差了。他跟不上比赛的节奏，由于他的粗心我们输了。
[助读讲解] ⑦since(自……以来)通常与现在完成时连用。
Afterwards，I got really angry with him，and I told him I thought he was not trying hard enough.He got annoyed，saying it wasn't his fault if he couldn't play as well as(像……一样好) me，and that I shouldn't talk to him in this manner(方式)⑧.Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into(变成) a horrible argument.He accused(指责) me of some really bad things just to hurt(伤害) me.I feel really guilty(内疚的) because I made some cruel(残酷的) remarks(评论，话语) too，but I dislike(不喜欢) seeing our team lose.Football is very important to me，but so is our friendship⑨.
赛后，我真的很生他的气，我对他说我觉得他没有尽全力。他也被惹火了，说他的球技不如我不是他的错，还说我不该那样和他说话。然后我们都朝着对方大吵，后来就演变成一场激烈的争吵。为了伤害我，他指责我做了一些非常不好的事情。我感到很内疚，因为我也说了一些残酷无情的话，但我不喜欢看到我们队输球。足球对我来说很重要，但我们的友谊也同等重要。
[助读讲解] ⑧saying...in this manner为现在分词短语，作伴随状语。saying后接了两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的引导词that一般不可省略。⑨“so＋系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋sb./sth.”表示前面提到的肯定情况也适用于后者。
Since we argued(争吵)，he hasn't spoken to me even though we sit next to (紧邻) each other in class⑩.It's really awkward(别扭的)．He is usually cheerful and outgoing(开朗的)，but he has been really quiet and looks sad.The things he said hurt me too，but he has not apologized(道歉) to me.
自从我们发生争吵后，他一直没有跟我说话，尽管我们俩在班上是邻座。这真别扭。他平时很快乐、很开朗，但是自从那以后，他一直很沉默，看上去很伤心。他说的话也伤害了我，但他并没有向我道歉。
[助读讲解] ⑩even though(＝even if)“尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句。
Yesterday，I saw him talking to another boy，Peter，and I cannot help wondering? if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of(代替) me.I told my brother about the quarrel(争吵)，but he said Matthew is just too sensitive(敏感的) and perhaps a little bitter(怀恨的) because I am really athletic(健壮的) and good at(擅长) football，and that I had better find another friend.What should I do?
Yours truly
Andrew
昨天，我看见他和另一个男孩彼得说话，我忍不住想他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。我把吵架的事告诉了我哥哥，但他说马修只是太敏感，可能还有一点嫉妒，因为我身强体壮，足球踢得很好。他建议我最好另找一个朋友。我该怎么办呢？
你真诚的
安德鲁
[助读讲解] ?cannot help doing sth.禁不住做某事。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P2－3教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．What's the main idea of the first letter?
A．Sarah wants to make friends with Annie.
B．Sarah has trouble in getting along with Hannah.
C．Sarah wants to forgive Hannah.
D．Sarah's advice on how to make friends with others.
2．What's the main idea of the second letter?
A．Andrew lost a football game.
B．Andrew told Matthew how to play football games.
C．Andrew was Matthew's best friend.
D．Andrew had a quarrel with his best friend Matthew.
[答案] 1－2 BD
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P2－3教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．Why wasn't Sarah worried about the results of the surprise quiz?
A．Because Sarah used to work hard and got good grades.
B．Because Sarah was sure that she would get a good grade.
C．Because the math quiz was too easy for Sarah to take.
D．Because her friend would help her.
2．Which statement is TRUE according to Sarah's letter?
A．Sarah and Hannah became best friends because they had the same hobby.
B．Hannah didn't notice something was wrong with Sarah at first.
C．Sarah felt sure she could get a good grade in such an easy math quiz.
D．Sarah believed it was Hannah who wrote that piece of paper.
3．Whose fault is it to get Andrew and Matthew's friendship into trouble?
A．It is Andrew's fault.
B．It is Matthew's fault.
C．It is both Andrew's and Matthew's fault.
D．It is neither Andrew's nor Matthew's fault.
4．Which of the following does Andrew agree with?
A．He should not play football with Matthew any more.
B．By comparison Matthew hurt him more deeply.
C．Matthew is quiet and polite by nature.
D．Friendship is as important as football.
[答案] 1－4 BCCD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P2－3教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(A)
Secrets and lies
I feel 1.betrayed(betray) by my friend.We have been best friends since primary school.On Monday，we had 2.a surprise math quiz.I failed.I felt so ashamed.I must be 3.really(real) stupid to fail a simple math quiz.
I didn't want others to know that.I pretended 4.to be(be) cheerful，but Hannah sensed something was wrong.I told her the 5.truth(true)．I admitted how badly I had done.I begged her not to tell anyone else and she said she 6.would keep(keep) my secret.
To my surprise，the next day，I noticed that my classmates were staring at me.I was so upset 7.that I felt like crying.I thought that Hannah must have told others about my grade after 8.promising(promise) not to.
I was so angry that I went to her and blamed her 9.because she couldn't keep her word.She said that she hadn't told anyone.But I didn't believe her 10.explanation(explain)．I don't think I can ever truly forgive her.
(B)
A friendship in trouble
I have a problem.My best friend has stopped 1.talking(talk) to me.We have been best friends.Last week，we had a match against another school.Matthew was playing 2.badly(bad)．He couldn't keep pace with the game，and as a result of his careless playing，we lost.
I thought he was not trying hard enough and he got 3.annoyed (annoy)，saying it wasn't his fault and I shouldn't talk to him in this manner.Then we both started shouting 4.at each other.He accused me of some really bad things just 5.to hurt(hurt) me.I feel really guilty because I made some cruel 6.remarks(remark)，too.We haven't talked with each other ever since.
Yesterday，I saw him talking to another boy，7.and I can't help wondering if he wants the boy to be his 8.best(good) friend instead of me.I told my brother about the quarrel，but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps 9.a little bitter because I am really athletic and good at football，and he 10.suggested(suggest) that I find another friend.
课件52张PPT。Unit 1 Getting along with others23456789Section Ⅰ Reading (Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546betrayedareally47to betruthwould keepthatpromising48becauseexplanation49talkingbadly50annoyed atto hurtremarks51andbestasuggestedThank you for watching !Section Ⅱ Language points(Ⅰ)(Welcometo the unit & Reading)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1．She pretended(假装)that she was not at home when we rang the bell.
2．Jack was blamed(责备) for his behaving badly at the party.
3．She could not stand the horrible(糟糕的)weather there.
4．As long as you don't betray(背叛)me，I'll do whatever you ask me to (do)．
5．I feel awkward(尴尬的)as everyone except me is in evening dress.
6．As a hard-working student，Mary always focuses her attention on her work.
7．He knew he had behaved badly and he seemed truly sorry.
8．The magazine often remarks upon performance of some countries' leaders.
9．I sincerely hope you can take my letter seriously.
10．Don't be so sensitive and I was not criticizing you.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．cheer v．(为……)欢呼，喝彩
→cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的；令人愉快的
2．admit vt.&vi.承认；允许进入，接纳
→admission n．承认；招供；准许进入，加入权
3．cruel adj.伤人的；残酷的，残忍的→cruelty n．残忍，凶残
4．argue vi.争吵，争论→argument n．争吵；争论
5．apology n．道歉→apologize vi.道歉
n.＋ful→adj.
A(原形)→B(过去式)→C(过去分词)
careful adj. 仔细的
useful adj. 有用的
helpful adj. 有帮助的
forgive→forgave→forgiv
give→gave→given
rise→rose→risen en
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．get along with 与……和睦相处；进展
2．spy on 暗中监视，窥探
3．belong to 属于
4．keep pace with (与……)步调一致，(与……)同步
5．as a result of 由于……
6．keep one's word 信守诺言
7．stare at 盯着看；凝视
8．before long 不久，很快
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．It is known to us all that the lion belongs to the cat family.
2．Mary is easy-going and gets along with her classmates.
3．He was late for the meeting as a result of the heavy rain.
4．It is impolite to stare at strangers.
5．She walked so fast that I couldn't keep pace with her.
v.＋at→及物动词短语
v.＋n.＋prep.→动词短语
arrive at 到达
look at 看
glare at 怒视
look forward to 盼望，期望
pay attention to 注意
take care of 照顾
1．I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.
考试之后，我一定是听上去洋洋得意，说考题实在太简单了，我肯定能取得好成绩。
[记句式结构]
must have done “一定做了”，表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。
[仿写促落实]
Miss Mason bought a beautiful car yesterday and must have spent a lot of money.
梅森小姐昨天买了一辆漂亮的车，她一定花了一大笔钱。
2．I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren't going to be friends any more because she couldn't keep her word.
我非常生气，径直走到汉娜跟前，告诉她我们不再是朋友了，因为她不能信守承诺。
[记句式结构]
so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
[仿写促落实]
Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
有时候，一个微笑是如此强大以至于它给那些遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。
3．Football is very important to me，but so is our friendship.
足球对我来说很重要，但我们的友谊也同等重要。
[记句式结构]
“so＋be动词＋主语”是部分倒装，表示前面提到的肯定情况也适用于后者。
[仿写促落实]
In a word，success is very important，but so is failure，because it is the mother of success.
总之，成功很重要，但是失败也同样重要，因为失败是成功之母。
pretend vi.& vt.假装；扮作，装扮
(教材P2)Afterwards，I pretended to be cheerful，but Hannah sensed something was wrong.
后来，我假装很开心，但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。
pretend to be＋adj./n. 假装是……
pretend (not) to do sth. 假装(不)做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装已做了某事
pretend that... 假装……
①Don't pretend to know what you really don't know.
不要不懂装懂。
②I had been lying to myself，pretending(pretend) that everything was fine.
我一直对自己撒谎，假装一切顺利。
③He pretended to be reading(read) when his mother came in.
当他妈妈进来时他假装正在看书。
④He pretended not to have heard (hear)about it.
他假装没听说过这事。
[名师点津]
pretend后接不定式和从句作宾语，表示“假装不做或没有做某事”时，否定词not要放在动词不定式的前面。
admit vt.& vi.承认；允许进入，接纳
(教材P2)We went to wash our hands in the girls' washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done.
午饭前，我们去女洗手间洗手，我承认我考得是如何的差。
写出下列句中admit的含义
①Only after the teacher told him did he admit his mistakes.承认
②The ticket admits two people to the football match. 允许进入
③The theater admits 1，000 people. 容纳
(1)admit(doing/having done) sth. 承认(做过)某事
admit(to sb.) sth./that (向某人)承认某事/……
admit sb./sth. to be 承认某人/某物是……
(2)admit sb. to/into... 准许某人进入
be admitted to/into... 被……录取；被……接纳
(3)admission n. 准许进入；入场费，入场券；承认
④Sandy could do nothing but admit to his teacher that he was wrong.
桑迪别无选择只得向老师承认他错了。
⑤(2018·江苏高考·阅读理解A)All special exhibitions，as well as films，lectures，guided tours，concerts，gallery talks，and family/children's programs are free with admission.
所有特别展览、电影、讲座、有导游的游览、音乐会、画廊讲座及家庭/儿童节目均可免费入场。
⑥She admitted having read/reading(read) the letter.
她承认已读过这封信了。
⑦Wei Xiang，a disabled student from Gansu Province，has been admitted to/into Tsinghua University.
甘肃残疾考生魏祥已经被清华大学录取了。
[名师点津]
admit后接动词作宾语时，只能用动名词。
forgive vt.原谅，宽恕
(教材P2)I don't think I can ever truly forgive her.
我认为我永远不会真正地原谅她。
forgive sb./sth. 宽恕某人/某事
forgive sb.for(doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事
forgive sb.'s doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌
①She can't forgive herself for not spending more time with her parents.
她因为没多抽时间陪陪父母而无法原谅自己。
②They can't forgive their friends' betraying(betray) them.他们不能原谅朋友的背叛。
③I forgave him for what he said yesterday.
我原谅他昨天所说的话了。
[联想助记]
常和介词for搭配的动词还有：
①excuse sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做)某事
②thank sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而感谢某人
③praise sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而表扬某人
④punish sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而惩罚某人
⑤scold sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而责备某人
⑥admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而羡慕某人
⑦blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而责备某人
focus vi.&vt.集中注意力于……；(使)聚焦
n．焦点；重点
(教材P3)The other team was superb and we really had to focus.
对方是一支优秀的球队，我们真的得集中注意力。
(1)focus on... 集中于……
focus one's attention/efforts/energy on...
集中注意力/努力/精力于……
focus one's mind on... 把心思集中于……
focus one's eyes on... 注视着……
(2)bring/throw sth.into focus 使某事物成为关注的焦点
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解C)Today，many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.
今天，许多中国人在学习西方风格和学说，而不是聚焦中国传统。
②You should focus your attention on your work.
你应该把注意力放到工作上。
③This incident brought the problem of violence in schools into focus.
这次事件使校园暴力成为焦点。
[图形助记]
聚焦focus
焦点 对准焦距
[联想助记]
表示“集中(注意力、精力等)于……”的短语还有：
①pay attention to ②put one's heart into ③fix one's attention on ④concentrate one's attention on等
(教材P3)He could not keep pace with the game，and as a result of his careless playing we lost.
他跟不上比赛的节奏，由于他的粗心我们输了。
(1)keep pace with(与……)步调一致，(与……)同步
(1)at your own pace 按自己的速度/节奏
pace of life 生活节奏
(2)keep up with 跟上，与……齐步前进
catch up with 赶上(某人)
①It is obvious that she wants to equip herself with knowledge to keep pace with the times of rapid development.
显然，她想用知识武装自己来跟上时代快速发展的步伐。
②We encourage all students to work at their own pace.
我们鼓励所有学生都按自己的节奏学习。
③Slow down—I can't keep up with you!
慢点，我跟不上了！
(2)as a result of由于……的原因
(1)as a result 结果；因此
without result 徒劳；毫无结果
(2)result in 导致；造成
result from 由……造成
④As a result，local hospitals were crowded with people who had problems with their noses and lungs.
结果，当地医院里挤满了鼻腔和肺部患病的人。
⑤The traffic accident resulted from the heavy fog.
＝The heavy fog resulted in the traffic accident.
这场交通事故是由浓雾引起的。
[联想助记]
与as a result of表达意义相近的短语：
①because of 因为，由于
②owing to 由于，应归功于
③due to 因为，由于
④on account of 由于，因为
remark n．& vi.评论，谈论
(教材P3)I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too，but I dislike seeing our team lose.
我感到很内疚，因为我也说了一些残酷无情的话，但我不喜欢看到我们队输球。
(1)make a remark/comment on 就……发表评论
(2)remark/comment on 就……发表评论
remark that... 评论说……；主 张……
(3)remarkable adj. 卓越的，非凡的，显著的
be remarkable for... 因……而引人注目，因……而显著
(4)remarkably adv. 引人注目地，非凡地
①When she is put in a situation where she has to make a remark/comment on others，she usually changes the topic.
当她处在不得不评论他人的情形下时，她通常会改变话题。
②The teacher remarked that we students should focus on our study.
老师认为我们学生应该把精力放在学习上。
③(2018·北京高考·完形填空)All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more remarkable(remarkable)．
所有这些使得无家可归的汤姆·史密斯的行为更加引人注目。
④In my view，remarking on somebody else in public is impolite.我认为，当众评论某人是不礼貌的。
[语境助记]
The scientist remarked that he had found a remarkable way，but others made no remarks on it.
那个科学家说他找到了一种非凡的方法，但其他人对此不予置评。
argue vi.争吵，争论 vt.辩论；主张
(教材P3)Since we argued，he hasn't spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class.
自从我们发生争吵后，他一直没有跟我说话，尽管我们俩在班上是邻座。
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人辩论某事
argue for/against 赞成/反对
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 劝某人做/不做某事
argue that... 主张
(2)argument n. 争吵；争论；辩论
have an argument with sb.about/over sth.
某人就……发生争吵
beyond argument 毋庸置疑，无需争论
①They argued with each other about/over the best place for a holiday.
他们为最佳的度假地点而争论不休。
②They argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
他们争辩说他们需要更多的时间来完成这个项目。
③They argued him into giving(give) up the plan.
他们说服他放弃了这个计划。
④We had an argument with the waiter about/over the bill.我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。
[语境助记]
He argued against smoking，and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health.At last，he argued us out of smoking.
他反对吸烟，并且坚持认为吸烟有害健康是无可争辩的。最后，他说服我们不再吸烟了。
apologize vi.道歉
(教材P3)The things he said hurt me too，but he has not apologized to me.
他说的话也伤害了我，但他并没有向我道歉。
(1)apologize(to sb.)for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事而(向某人)道歉
(2)apology n. 道歉
make/offer an apology to sb.(for...) (因……)向某人道歉
accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒绝道歉
①John apologized to Mary for having kept her waiting so long.让玛丽等了那么久，约翰为此向她道歉。
②Please accept my apology for being absent at your party.我没来参加您的联欢会，请接受我的歉意。
③Realizing that he was wrong，he apologized to(＝made/offered an apology to)the teacher.
意识到自己错了，他向老师道歉。
quarrel n. & vi.争吵，争执
(教材P3)I told my brother about the quarrel，but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really athletic and good at football，and that I had better find another friend.
我把吵架的事告诉了我哥哥，但他说马修只是太敏感，可能还有一点嫉妒，因为我身强体壮，足球踢得很好。他建议我最好另找一个朋友。
(1)quarrel(with sb.) about/over sth. 因为某事(与某人)争吵
(2)have a quarrel(with sb.) about/over sth. 因为某事(与某人)争吵
①He is good-natured and has never had a quarrel with anyone.他脾气很好，从不和任何人争吵。
②I am sorry to hear that you quarreled with your parents about playing mobile phone games.
听说你和你的父母因玩手机游戏而争吵，我感到难过。
blame vt.责备，指责
n．(坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责
(教材P5)While it may feel awkward，if she really is your best friend you should apologize for blaming her.
尽管可能感觉有些尴尬，但是如果她真是你最好的朋友，你应该因为责备她而向她道歉。
(1)blame sb.(for sth.) (因某事)责备某人
blame sth.on sb./sth. 把……归咎于某人/某事
be to blame(for) 应(为某事)承担责任；
该(为某事)受责备
(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
take/accept the blame for sth. 为某事承担责任
①The police blamed the traffic accident on drunken driving.警察把这次交通事故归咎于酒后驾驶。
②She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death.
她没有因为父亲的死而责备任何人。
③Which driver was to blame(blame) for the accident?
哪位司机该对此次事故负责？
[明辨异同] blame/scold
blame
“责备，责怪”，语气较轻；且侧重于“将过失归咎于某人”
scold
“责骂，训斥”，指大声呵斥、责备，常用于长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的训斥
blame，scold
④Karen always blames her own failure on others；once her parents scolded her severely for that.
[名师点津]
to blame在作定语、表语时，属于主动形式表示被动意义。
You shouldn't blame him any more，for he is not to blame.
＝You shouldn't blame him any more，for he is not the one to blame.
你不应该再责备他了，因为他不该受责备/他不是该受责备的那个人。
(教材P2)I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.
考试之后，我一定是听上去洋洋得意，说考题实在太简单了，我肯定能取得好成绩。
[要点提炼] 句中must have sounded“听上去一定”，属于“情态动词＋have done”结构，表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
(1)must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“想必，准是，肯定做了(某事)”。can't have done表示对过去情况的否定推测。
(2)may/might have done表示对过去情况的不肯定推测，可用于肯定句(意为“可能已经……”)和否定句(意为“可能没有……”)中；might的语气没有may那么肯定。might have done还可表示“本可以做而没做(某事)”。
(3)should/ought to have done用于肯定句中时，表示“本应该做某事(而事实上没有做)”；用于否定句中时，表示“本不该做某事(反而做了)”。
(4)needn't have done表示“本不必做某事(而事实上做了)”。注意：didn't need to do表示“没必要做某事(而实际上也没有做)”。
(5)could have done表示“过去能做而没有做某事”，意为“本来可以……”；could have done还可表示对过去情况的推测，意为“可能”。
①He can't have left home because the computer is on.
因为电脑还开着，所以他不可能离开家。
②If I had been informed earlier，I could have done(do) something.
我要是早得到通知，我就能干一些事情了。
③We have enough to eat.You needn't have bought(buy) so much bread.
我们的食物足够吃。你本来没有必要买这么多面包。
④Why are you late？You should/ought to have come(come) five minutes earlier.
你为什么迟到了？你本应该早来五分钟。
(教材P2)I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren't going to be friends any more because she couldn't keep her word.
我非常生气，径直走到汉娜跟前，告诉她我们不再是朋友了，因为她不能信守承诺。
[要点提炼] so...that...在句中引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。so...that...中的so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。
(1)so＋
(2)such＋
(3)当“so/such...that...”中的so/such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要部分倒装，从句不用倒装。
①He did the work so badly that I had to do it all over again myself.
这项工作他干得太差劲了，我只好亲自重做。
②There was so much noise outside that we couldn't hear the teacher.
＝It was so noisy outside that we couldn't hear the teacher.
外面噪音很大，以至于我们不能听到老师的话。
③This is such an interesting book that/so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.
这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
④So fast did the teacher speak that I couldn't follow him.(＝The teacher spoke so fast that I could not follow him.)
那位老师说得太快，我听不懂。
(教材P3)Football is very important to me，but so is our friendship．
足球对我来说很重要，但我们的友谊也同等重要。
[要点提炼] 句中so is our friendship是“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”的倒装结构。
(1)so引起的倒装句表示上述情况也适用于后者，结构为“so＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”。
(2)如果前一分句里有不同类型的谓语动词，那么后一分句要用So it is with sb./sth.或It is the same with sb./sth.。
(3)“neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”是一个倒装结构，表示前面的情况也适用于后者，neither/nor用于否定的场合。
(4)“so＋正常语序”表示说话人同意对方的看法或对前文内容给予一种强调性的肯定，常意为“……的确如此”。
①I like studying English，and so does she.
我喜欢学习英语，她也是。
②He is only a child but he knows a lot about wild animals，and so it is with his sister/it is the same with his sister.
他只是个小孩，但是他了解很多野生动物的知识，他姐姐也是如此。
③I haven't passed the English examination.Neither/Nor has my brother.
我没有通过英语考试。我弟弟也是如此。
④—He works hard.他工作很努力。
—So he does and so do you.他的确如此，你也是。
1．(教材P2)However，the next day，I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class and，when I went to sit down，I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said，‘Stupid Sarah got a D！’
[分析] 该句为and连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中that引导宾语从句作noticed的宾语；as I came into math class为时间状语从句。在第二个分句中，when引导一个时间状语从句；that引导一个定语从句，先行词是a piece of paper。
[翻译] 然而第二天，一走进数学课堂我就注意到同学们都在盯着我，当我坐下的时候，我吃惊地发现自己的课桌上放着一张纸条，上面写着“愚蠢的萨拉只得了个D！”
2．(教材P3)He got annoyed，saying it wasn't his fault if he couldn't play as well as me，and that I shouldn't talk to him in this manner.
[分析] 句子主干为He got annoyed，saying...为现在分词作伴随状语；其中it wasn't his fault if...和that I shouldn't talk to him in this manner为宾语从句，当句子中有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，从第二个宾语从句开始，that不可省略，其中if又在宾语从句中引导条件状语从句。
[翻译] 他也被惹火了，说他的球技不如我不是他的错，还说我不该那样和他说话。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With his attention focused(focus) on his book，he didn't notice me enter his study.
2．Keeping pace with teachers is a fine way to study English.
3．She likes making a remark on others' appearance，which is rude.
4．Arguing(argue) with your parents is totally natural for teens.
5．They had quarreled(quarrel) all the time before they broke off their engagement(婚约)．
6．As a result of patient experimenting，he succeeded in developing a new machine.
7．The child pretended to be studying(study) when the teacher came into the classroom.
8．It was generally admitted(admit)that the government had acted too quickly.
9．The teacher told the boy to apologize to his father，but he refused to.
10．Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He must have drunk (drink) too much at the party last night.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他的惊慌表明刚刚肯定发生了什么可怕的事情。
His panic suggested that something terrible must have happened just now.(must have done)
2．现在空气污染如此严重，我们得下决心清除这害人的雾霾。
Now the air pollution is so serious that we have to make up our minds to get rid of this harmful haze.(so...that...)
3．父亲不知道谁应该对这个打碎的杯子负责。
The father didn't know who was to blame for the broken cup．(blame)
4．她上个星期天去看电影了，我也去了。
She went to the movies last Sunday，and so did I．(so倒装句)
5．如果这样的话，你的观点一定会和他的冲突。
If so，your points of view are bound to conflict with his.(省略句)
课件88张PPT。Unit 1 Getting along with othersSection Ⅱ Language points(Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)23pretendedblamedhorrible4betrayawkwardfocusestruly5remarkssincerelysensitive6cheerfuladmit7cruelargueapologize89withontowith10ofwordatbefore11belongs togets along withas a result ofstare atkeep pace with121314must have spent1516sothat1718so is failure19202122pretending23to be readingto have heard2425承认允许进入容纳262728having read/readingto/into2930betrayingfor3132333435oninto36373839up4041fromin4243444546more remarkableon4748495051givingwithabout/over525354fortoan5556withabout575859forto blame6061blamesscolded626364656667have done68needn't have boughtshould/ought to have come697071so noisy outside that72suchsodid73747576Neither/Nordoesdo7778and定语时间when时间宾语79条件that宾语808182focusedWith aArguinghad quarreled83Asto be studyingadmitted84tohave drunk85must have happenedso serious that86If soand so did Iwas to blame for the broken cup87点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅲ Grammar——动词不定式和动名词
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.Sometimes，other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study，but we like it that way.
2.I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.
3.I begged her not to tell anyone else，and she said she would keep my secret.
4.My best friend Matthew has stopped talking to me.
5.I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too，but I dislike seeing our team lose.
1.例句1中动词不定式在句中作宾语。
2.例句2中动词不定式在句中作状语。
3.例句3中动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。
4.例句4、5中动名词在句中作宾语。
Ⅰ.动词不定式
一、动词不定式的形式、意义和语态
带to的动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种形式，一般式和完成式有被动语态。下表以do为例，说明了不定式的形式、语态及具体用法。
形式
意义
语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
to do
to be done
进行式
表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生
to be doing
完成式
表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前
to have done
to have been done
完成进行式
表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前且一直进行着
to have been doing
He promised to give me a helping hand.(give在promised之后发生)
他答应帮助我。
We hoped to have finished the work earlier.(finish这一动作发生在hoped之前)
我们本希望早点儿完成这项工作。
He pretended to be sleeping when I went in.(sleep在pretended发生的时候，正在进行)
我进去时，他假装正在睡觉。
The book to be published soon is very interesting.(The book是publish的承受者)
即将出版的这本书很有趣。
She is known to have been dealing with the problem for many years.(deal这一动作发生在is known之前且一直进行着)
大家知道她很多年都在处理这个难题。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Don't wait for him.He is said to have gone(go) to Shanghai.
②You are supposed to be sleeping(sleep)now.Why are you still in the office?
③In order to be chosen(choose)in the first round，the girl made careful preparations for the singing competition.
二、动词不定式的句法功能
1．不定式作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。
To be here with all of you is a pleasure for me.
与你们所有人在这儿，我很高兴。
It is important to master a foreign language.
掌握一门外语很重要。
How to make requests politely is important.
如何有礼貌地提出请求很重要。
[即时训练2] 句型转换/完成句子
①To give up smoking is right.
→It is right to give up smoking.
②做早操有利于我们的健康。
To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
③对我们来说，很难在一刻钟内写完这篇作文。
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
2．不定式作宾语
不定式可以放在及物动词或及物动词短语的后面作宾语。下面的口诀可以帮助你记忆常见的这类动词：
三个希望(hope，wish，want)两答应(agree，promise)；两个要求(demand，ask)莫拒绝(refuse)；设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide)；不要假装(pretend)在选择(choose)。
I hope to have my own bike.
我希望有辆我自己的自行车。
My father came down and demanded to know what was going on.
我父亲从楼上下来要求知道正在发生什么事情。
[名师点津]
如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。常用it作形式宾语的动词有：believe，consider，feel，find，know，make等。
I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day.
我知道在一天内完成这么多的作业是不可能的。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①I decided to go(go)to the countryside on vacation.
②I think it unnecessary to argue with him about it.
③Would you like to go(go)with me or would you rather stay (stay) at home?
3．不定式作宾语补足语
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，beg，cause，help，force，allow，permit，advise，order，get，want，wish，tell等。有时，作宾语补足语的不定式用于被动语态中时也可称为主语补足语。
He asked me to do the work with him.(宾补)
他要我与他一起工作。
The doctor warned you not to eat too much meat.(宾补)
医生告诫你不要吃太多的肉。
Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(主补)
乘客只被允许携带一件行李登机。
[名师点津]
在think，consider，suppose，believe，imagine，prove，find等动词后常用“to be＋表语”结构作宾语补足语。此时to be常省略。
Imagine yourself(to be)in his place.
设想你处于他的位置。
[即时训练4] 完成句子
①他父母允许他在假期看电视。
His parents allow him to watch TV during holidays.
②法律要求父母送子女上学。
The law ordered parents to send their children to school.
③他们认为他是诚实的。
They believe him(to be) honest．
4．不定式作表语
动词不定式放在be，seem，remain等动词的后面作表语，表示将来的情况或说明主语的内容。
His job is to teach English.
他的工作是教英语。
The problems remain to be unsettled.
问题还没有解决。
[即时训练5] 完成句子
①现在我们有聊天室，能发短信、电子邮件等等，但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的艺术。
Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，e-mailing and so on，but we seem to be losing the art of communicating face to face.
②下一步要确保你确切知道需要的是什么。
The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what it requires.
5．不定式作定语
不定式作定语要注意以下几点：
(1)放在被修饰词的后面；
(2)在时间上表示将来；
(3)不定式所修饰的名词是不定式所表示动作的承受者；
(4)当名词被序数词及next，last，only等词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语；
(5)被修饰词是抽象名词如ability，desire，chance等时，也常用不定式作后置定语。
The car to be bought is for his sister.
要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。
We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng.
我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一位在奥运会上赢得金牌的女性。
I have a chance to go sightseeing to America.
我有一个去美国观光的机会。
[名师点津]
如果不定式由不及物动词构成，那么不定式后面要加上相应的介词。
Pass me a piece of paper to write on，please.
请递给我一张可以写字的纸。
[即时训练6] 单句语法填空
①The decision to be made(make)at the afternoon meeting will influence the future of our company.
②She was the best woman to do(do)the job.
③He is always the first student to enter(enter) the classroom.
6．不定式作状语
不定式作状语常表示目的、原因或结果。
目的状语
常置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。与in order或so as连用时旨在加强语气，但so as to do结构一般不置于句首
原因状语
置于句尾的不定式有时表示原因；另外，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词作表语，后跟不定式也表示原因
结果状语
多用于“too...to；enough to...；only to...；just to...”等结构中
A group of young people got together to discuss this question.(目的状语)
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
I was very sad to hear the news.(原因状语)
听到这个消息我感到很伤心。
Many reporters hurried to the airport，only to be told that the superstar had already left.(结果状语)
很多记者匆忙赶到机场，结果却被告知那个超级明星已经离开了。
[即时训练7] 完成句子/句型转换
①看见这恐怖的场面这个人吓得要死。
The man was frightened to death to see the terrifying scene．
②He went to the dormitory to visit her but he found that she had left school yesterday.
→He went to the dormitory to visit her (only) to find that she had left school yesterday.
三、不带to的动词不定式
1．let/make/have sb.do
在let，make，have等使役动词之后的“宾语＋作宾语补足语的动词不定式”结构中，不定式不带to，即不定式符号to须省略。但当make，let，have用于被动语态的时候，后面的to要加上。
She avoids making you feel stupid.
她避免让你感觉自己很愚蠢。
The teacher has us write a composition every week.
老师让我们每周写一篇作文。
He was made to work more than twelve hours a day.(不能省略to)
他被迫一天工作十二个多小时。
2．hear/see/feel/watch...sb.do
在hear，see，feel，observe，listen to等感官动词(词组)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但是当这些词(词组)用于被动语态时，后面的动词不定式不能省略to。
I never saw him dress out of place.
我从未看到过他着装不得体。
I didn't notice him go out.
我没注意他出去了。
The person was seen to enter the shop by us.
我们看见那个人进了那家商店。(不能省略to)
[名师点津]
notice/watch sb. do sth.没有相应的被动结构。
3．would rather/had better/why not do
在would rather/had better/why not等结构中通常省略to。
He would rather live a peaceful life.
他宁愿过着平静的生活。
You had better go there at once.
你最好立即去那里。
Now that you are moving into a new apartment，why not buy some new furniture?
既然你要搬新居了，为什么不买些新家具呢？
4．由and/or/except/but/rather than连接的第二个动词不定式常省略to
由and/or/except/but/rather than连接两个及两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的动词不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带to。但是如果两个动词不定式表示对照或对比时，则不能省略to。
I'd like to stay with you，help you and learn from you.
我想留下和你在一起，帮助你并且向你学习。
She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.她告诉我们待在家里一直等到她回来。
To try and fail is better than not to try at all.
尝试后失败也比不尝试好。
To be，or not to be，that is a question.
生存还是毁灭？这是个问题。
5．动词不定式在介词but，except后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，这些介词后的不定式常不带to，否则要带to。
I have nothing to do but wait.
我别无选择只好等待。
6．在cannot but，can't help but (不得不，只好)，cannot choose but等之后常跟不带to的不定式。
I can't help but wait for him.
我只好等他。
7．当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。
All you need to do is press the button.
你需要做的就是按一下按钮。
8．动词不定式符号to的保留问题
有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词后：expect，prefer，care，mean，forget，want，wish，hope，try以及be glad/happy等。如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have，这些词要保留。
—Are you on holiday?
—No，but I like to be.
——你在度假吗？
——不是，但我希望是(在度假)。
[即时训练8] 单句语法填空/单句改错
①They couldn't choose but stay(stay) there.
②They had no choice but to wait(wait) there.
③He hasn't decided whether to go(go) or to stay(stay)．
④He is often seen to take exercise in the morning.
Ⅱ.动名词
一、动名词的形式、意义和语态
动名词有一般式和完成式；语态有主动语态和被动语态；动名词的否定式是直接在前面加上not。
形式
意义
语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
动名词动作与谓语动作同时发生
doing
being done
完成式
动名词动作先于谓语动作发生
having done
having been done
Being careless is not a good habit.
粗心不是一个好习惯。
I don't like being laughed at in public.
我不喜欢当众被别人嘲笑。
[即时训练9] 单句语法填空
①She dreamed of becoming(become) a lawyer.
②He was praised for having done(do) a good deed.
③It was a wonderful experience！I still remember being taken(take) to the Great Wall several years ago.
二、动名词的句法功能
1．作主语
动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job.
产卵是蚁后的专职工作。
Collecting stamps is very interesting.
集邮很有趣。
[名师点津]
当use，good，fun，useless等名词或形容词作表语时，作主语的动名词常后置，而用it作形式主语。
It is useless arguing with him.
和他争论是没用的。
[即时训练10] 单句语法填空
①Learning(learn)from others is important.
②It's no good making(make)friends with such people.
③Ignoring(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
2．作动词宾语
Do you mind my opening the windows?
你介意我打开窗户吗？
Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the old during the vacation.
比尔建议开个会，讨论假期期间为老人们做些什么。
3．作介词宾语
My parents objected to my marrying him.
我父母反对我嫁给他。
[即时训练11] 单句语法填空
①I had great difficulty finding (find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
②I'm looking forward to seeing(see) the film again.
③I often practise listening(listen) and speaking (speak)．
4．作表语
动名词作表语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，或说明主语的内容。
My duty is teaching you how to study.
我的职责是教你如何学习。
Their task is exploring oil mines in the west.
他们的任务是在西部勘探油矿。
[即时训练12] 完成句子/翻译句子
①我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
What I hate most is being laughed at．
②我的任务就是当他们的领导。
My task is being their leader．
③眼见为实。
Seeing is believing.
5．作定语
动名词(短语)作定语修饰名词，表示该名词的性质、功能、用途等。
He can't walk without a walking stick.
他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school?
你们学校有游泳池吗？
[即时训练13] 完成句子/句型转换
①阅览室既明亮又宽敞。
The reading room is bright and large.
②他们搭起一个手术台。
They set up an operating table．
③There is a room for smoking in our school.
→There is a smoking room in our school.
6．只能接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的动词
英语中有些动词只能接动名词不能接动词不定式作宾语。常见的有：admit，dislike，imagine，delay，consider(考虑)，mind，avoid，enjoy，practise，miss，finish，keep，suggest，recommend等。
He admitted stealing into my office and stealing my laptop.
他承认偷偷溜进我的办公室并偷走了我的笔记本电脑。
7．只能接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的动词短语
英语中有些动词短语只能接动名词或名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。常见的有：cannot help，look forward to，feel like，cannot stand，put off，insist on等。
I cannot stand being with her any longer.
我再也不能容忍和她在一起。
[即时训练14] 完成句子
①这位教授坚持要自己批改学生的论文。
This professor insists on correcting his students' essays himself.
②他们还没有建好大坝。
They haven't finished building the dam.
③你介意把那本词典递给我吗？
Do you mind passing me that dictionary?
8．接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大的动词
英语中有些动词接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大，用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而用动词不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。常见的有：continue，prefer，begin，hate，like，start，love等。
When I can't fall asleep，I don't take pills.I prefer to read a book.It helps me.
我睡不着时不会吃药，而是喜欢读书，这对我有帮助。
I prefer living in the east coast rather than the west coast of the country.
我更喜欢住在这个国家的东海岸而不是西海岸。
9．接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别较大的动词
英语中有些动词接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别较大，常见的有：
(1)forget to do sth.表示“忘记做某事(未做)”；forget doing sth.表示“忘记做过某事(已做过或已发生)”。
Don't forget to remind your brother of his homework before you leave home.
你离开家之前别忘了提醒你弟弟做家庭作业。
He forgot telling me what had happened.
他忘记已经告诉我发生的事情了。
(2)remember to do sth.表示“记得做某事(未做)”；remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事(已做)”。
You must remember to leave tomorrow.
你一定要记着明天动身。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那名男子吗？
(3)regret to do sth.表示“对要做的事表示遗憾”；regret doing sth.表示“对做过的事后悔”。
I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样做，但我没有选择。(未做但要做)
I don't regret telling her what I thought.
我不后悔告诉她我的想法。(已告诉)
(4)try to do sth.表示“努力/企图做某事”；try doing sth.表示“试着做某事”。
You must try to be more careful.
你必须要多加小心。
Let's try doing the work some other way.
咱们试着用另外一种方法来做这项工作吧。
(5)mean to do sth.表示“打算/有意要做某事”；mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”。
I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
我不是有意要伤害你的感情。
Making such a mistake will mean (your) apologizing to your friend.
犯了这种错误你就要向朋友道歉。
[即时训练15]
用动名词或不定式完成下面的每组句子
①He forgot to pay(pay)me money when he got out of the taxi.
How can you forget falling(fall)for this kind of old jokes?
②He remembered to say(say)goodnight to me before he went to sleep.
I remembered seeing(see)her before，but I don't remember the exact date.
10．动名词的前面可以带上自己的逻辑主语构成动名词的复合结构：
＋动名词(v.-ing)
Mary's being ill made her mother upset.(Mary's不可用Mary)
玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。
I insisted on my husband/husband's paying the bill.
我坚持要我丈夫付账。
[名师点津]
动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，需用名词所有格或物主代词形式；作宾语时，可用物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格。当动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，需用普通格形式。
[即时训练16] 完成句子
①我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。
I insist on Mary/Mary's going there.
②事实上，如果你不介意我这样说的话，我想没有他会更好。
In fact，I think it's much nicer without him，if you don't mind my/me saying so.
③简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。
Jane's being careless caused so much trouble.
11．动名词的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)be worth后接动名词时。
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
任何值得做的事就值得做好。
(2)need，want，require，deserve等动词后面可用动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义，但用不定式时则只能用被动形式。
The old man needs looking after/to be looked after.
老人需要得到照料。
[即时训练17] 单句语法填空
①The matter is worth thinking(think) deeply about.
②The plants want watering/to be watered(water) daily.
③Those who seek to grab power through violence deserve punishment/to be punished/punishing(punish)．
单句语法填空
1．Rather than argue (argue) without any result，I prefer to get (get) down to doing something practical.
2．We wanted nothing but to appeal (appeal) to people to care more for the drop-out students.
3．Though made to give (give) in to him，I insisted on making(make) my deskmate promise not to disturb (disturb) me like that.
4．Who had you clean (clean) the windows once again?
5．We watched our friends disappear (disappear) into the darkness.
6．We had nothing else to do except wait (wait) for the result.
7．He didn't experience such a thing，so he looked forward to getting (get)help from me.
8．Much attention should be paid to securing(secure) our campus because the recent accidents have led to some students getting (get) seriously injured，or even dying(die)．
9．Why not get(get)your children to work(work) out regularly?
10．I can hardly stand hearing(hear)the piano being played(play) so badly.
课件80张PPT。Unit 1 Getting along with othersSection Ⅲ Grammar——动词不定式和动名词2宾语状语宾语补足语动名词3456789[即时训练1] 单句语法填空to have goneto be sleepingto be chosen101112[即时训练2] 句型转换/完成句子It is right toTo do morning exercisesIt is difficult for us to finish writing131415to goitto gostay16171819[即时训练4] 完成句子him to watch TVparents to send their childrenhim(to be) honest2021[即时训练5] 完成句子to be losingto make sure2223242526to be madeto doto enter2728293031to see the terrifying scene(only) to find 32333435363738394041424344stayto waitto goto stayto take 45464748becominghaving donebeing taken 495051LearningmakingIgnoring5253findingseeinglisteningspeaking5455being laughed atbeing their leaderSeeing is believing.5657The reading rooman operating tablesmoking room585960correcting his students' essayshaven't finished buildingpassing me that dictionary?616263646566676869to payfallingto sayseeing70717273Mary/Mary's goingmy/me sayingJane's being7475thinkingwatering/to be wateredpunishment/to punished/punishing7677argueto getto appealto givemakingto disturb78cleandisappearwaitgetting79securinggettingdyinggetto workhearingbeing playedThank you for watching !Section Ⅳ Language points(Ⅱ) (Word power，Grammar and usage & Task)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1．I drop the letter into the mailbox(邮箱)in front of the post office.
2．To achieve my goal，I overcame(克服) a series of unimaginable and challenging difficulties when young.
3．They will concentrate on teaching the basics of reading，writing and arithmetic(算术)．
4．We took the children to the circus yesterday afternoon.
5．The paintings were sold for absurd prices.
6．Having no choice but to let out cries of anger，she felt hopeless．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．amuse vt.娱乐，消遣；使愉快
→amused adj.愉快的；被逗乐的
→amusing adj.令人愉快的；有趣的，好玩的
→amusement n．娱乐，消遣
2．identify vt.识别，鉴定
→identification n．鉴别，身份证明→identity n．身份
3．acquaint vt.使熟悉，使认识
→acquainted adj.熟悉的，知晓的
→acquaintance n．泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，(与某人)认识
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．get through (用电话)接通；通过；经历
2．stay up 熬夜，不睡觉
3．put off 推迟，延期
4．in advance 提前，预先
5．agree with 和……意见一致，同意
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
2．I agree with him about the way of solving the problem.
3．We got through a fortune while we were in New York!
4．They stayed up late trying to figure out a way to solve the problem.
名词＋-less→adj.
prep.＋n.→介词短语
careless adj.粗心的
useless adj.无用的
harmless adj.无害的
by accident 偶然
in detail 详细地
beyond doubt 不用怀疑
1．You know I would rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic!
你知道我宁愿去看牙医也不愿学代数和算术！
[记句式结构]
would rather do...than do...“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。
[仿写促落实]
Li Dong would rather keep worries to himself than share them with his friends.
李东宁愿自己一个人担心也不愿和他的朋友们一起分担。
2．Why not come to London next Easter?
为什么不在下一个复活节来伦敦呢？
[记句式结构]
Why not do...？“为什么不做……”是表示建议的句型。
[仿写促落实]
I suddenly got an idea：why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning?
我突然想到一个主意：为什么不对这些房间进行大扫除呢？
3．It seems that his behaviour hasn't hurt his studies.
看上去他的行为还没有影响到他的学习。
[记句式结构]
It seems that...“看起来……”，是“主系表”结构。
[仿写促落实]
It seems that none of my classmates want to be my friend because I'm fat.
看上去我的同学没有一个想做我的朋友，因为我很胖。
stay up深夜不睡觉；熬夜；挺住
(教材P7)We stay up at night and talk about many things.我们谈天说地，聊到深夜。
stay in 留在家里；不外出
stay out 不在家；在外过夜
stay behind 留在后面；留下来
stay still 静止不动
stay calm 保持镇定
stay away from 离……远点，躲避
①I know that it is difficult to stay calm，but there is nothing to worry about.
我知道保持镇定很难，但是实在是没什么好担心的。
②Can you stay behind after the others have gone and help me clear up?
你能不能等别人走后留下来帮我收拾收拾？
③I'm glad he's staying away from smoking.
我很高兴他正在戒烟。
persuade vt.说服，劝说
(教材P9)I'm so glad I have persuaded you to apologize to Rachel.我很高兴说服了你向雷切尔道歉。
说服某人做某事
说服某人不做某事
使某人相信……
①Can you persuade her out of her foolish plans?
你能劝她放弃她那些愚蠢的计划吗？
②How can I persuade you of my sincerity?
我如何能够让你相信我的诚意？
③He persuaded me to lend(lend)him all my savings.
他说服我把我所有的存款借给了他。
amusement n．[U]娱乐，消遣[C]娱乐活动，消遣活动
(教材P9)We could go to the amusement park or even to the circus！我们可以去游乐场甚至去马戏团！
(1)for amusement 为消遣
to one's amusement 让某人感到好笑的是
(2)amuse vt. 娱乐，消遣；使愉快
(3)amusing adj. 好笑的
amused adj. 觉得好笑的
①I can take you for a walk.There are many nice places for amusement near here.
我可以带你去周围走走，附近有很多好玩的地方。
②Much to her amusement，the actor's wig fell off.
令她感到极为好笑的是，那个演员的假发掉下来了。
③I didn't find the joke amusing(amuse) at all.
我认为这笑话一点儿也不好笑。
④There was an amused(amuse) look on his face.
他脸上带着愉悦的表情。
put off 推迟，延期
(教材P10)I have to put off shopping till tomorrow.
我不得不把购物推迟到明天。
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存
put away 放好；积蓄
put on 穿上；演出
put out 熄灭；生产
put up 举起，建立，张贴，投宿
put down 放下，记下，让……下车
①Don't put off what should be done today till tomorrow.
(谚语)今日事今日毕。
②They put up a board saying the homeless can put up in their home.
他们竖起一块木板，上面写道：无家可归的人可以在他们家留宿。
③She's put aside a sum of money for her retirement.
她存了一笔钱以备退休之用。
discourage v．劝阻，阻止；使失去信心，使泄气
(教材P11)Mum discourages me from chatting online.
妈妈阻止我网聊。
(1)discourage sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
discourage doing sth. 阻止做某事
(2)discouraged adj. 气馁的
discouraging adj. 令人气馁的
(3)encourage vt. 鼓励，鼓舞
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
①Teachers should discourage their students from smoking and drinking.
老师应劝阻学生吸烟喝酒。
②(2018·天津高考·完形填空)Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and encouraged them.
我没有把我的孩子看成失败者，而是推动和鼓励他们。
③It was discouraging(discourage) that there was no news about the missing mountain climbers.
失踪的登山者一直没有消息，真是令人感到沮丧。
④Don't be so discouraged(discourage)！Cheer up and everything will be OK.
不要这么气馁！振作起来，一切都会好起来的。
overcome vt.克服，解决
(教材P13)We will listen to your problems and offer you practical advice on how to overcome them.
我们将倾听你的问题并就如何解决它们提供实际的建议。
overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems
克服困难/障碍/解决问题
be overcome by/with 被……压倒/制服；
受到……的极大影响
①(2018·天津高考·阅读理解C)Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome.
尽管最近3D食品打印技术取得了进展，但该行业仍有许多挑战需要克服。
②They overcame all kinds of difficulties and fulfilled the task.他们克服了所有的困难并完成了任务。
③When I heard the news，I was overcome by/with fear and despair.
当我听到那个消息时，我感到恐惧和绝望。
get through(用电话)接通，联系上；用完，消耗掉；处理，完成；通过(考试等)；渡过(困境)
(教材P13)Our lines can get very busy，but please keep trying and you will soon get through.
我们的线路可能很忙，但是请不断尝试，不久你就会接通的。
写出下列句中get through的含义
①Have you got through with your work？ 完成
②I couldn't get through to you yesterday though I tried several times. (用电话)接通
③Tom failed the exam but his sister got through. 通过(考试)
④We got through a large amount of money while we were on holiday.用完，消耗掉
get across (使)被理解，解释清楚
get away 度假，休假；脱身；离开
get away with 做错事未受惩罚
get down to sth./doing sth. 开始某事/做某事
get over 克服，从(疾病)中恢复
get in 收获，收割
⑤I had created a way to get my message across using as few words as possible.
我想出了一种能言简意赅地表达自己的意思的方法。
⑥Don't think you can get away with telling lies.
不要以为你撒了谎就可以这样算了。
⑦I'm going to get down to studying(study) English this term.这学期我要认真学英语了。
acquaintance n．泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，(与某人)认识
(教材P15)One or two good friends are better than 100 acquaintances.
一两个好朋友胜过100个泛泛之交。
(1)have(no/little)acquaintance with (不)熟悉，(不)了解
have a nodding acquaintance with 与……有点头之交
结识某人
(2)acquaint vt. 使了解；使认识
acquaint oneself with... 了解……
(3)acquainted adj. 了解；熟悉
be acquainted with... 了解……，认识……
①I made his acquaintance long ago.
＝I made the acquaintance of him long ago.
我早已跟他结识了。
②She said that she had no acquaintance with modern poetry.她说她不了解现代诗。
③You will first need to acquaint(acquaint) yourself with the filing system.
你首先需要熟悉文件归档方法。
(教材P9)You know I would rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic!
你知道我宁愿去看牙医也不愿学代数和算术！
[要点提炼] would rather...than...宁愿……而不愿……
would rather（not） do sth. 宁愿（不）做某事
would rather have done sth. 宁愿做过某事（但实际, 未做）
①I would remain poor rather than get money by dishonest means.
我宁可安于贫穷，也不愿用不正当的手段赚钱。
②We went by sea，but I would rather have gone by air.
我们是乘船去的，不过我倒宁愿乘飞机去。
③I'd rather you went (go) tomorrow/now.
我宁愿你明天/现在去。
④I'd rather you hadn't done (not do) that yesterday.
我宁愿昨天你没那样做。
(教材P9)Why not come to London next Easter?
为什么不在下一个复活节来伦敦呢？
[要点提炼] 句中“Why not come...？”为“Why not do sth.？”句型。
(1)Why not do sth.？意为“为什么不做某事呢？”，相当于“Why don't you do sth.？”，该句型常用来向别人提建议。
(2)提建议的其他句型：
You'd better(not) do... 你最好(不)做……
You should/ought to/are supposed to do... 你应该做……
(I think)It's better for you to do... (我认为)你做……更好。
I suggest you(should) do...
＝I advise you to do... 我建议你做……
How/What about doing...? 做……怎么样？
Would you like/love to do... 你愿意做……吗？
①Why don't you go upstairs and lie down for a bit?
你为什么不上楼去躺一会儿呢？
②You are supposed to be responsible for them.
你是应当对他们负责的。
③What about climbing(climb) the mountain this weekend?
这个周末去爬山怎么样？
(教材P16)It seems that his behaviour hasn't hurt his studies.
看上去他的行为还没有影响到他的学习。
[要点提炼] 句中It seems that...是“主系表”结构。其中it无实际意义，指的是某种情况，seems为系动词，that引导的是表语从句。
It seems to sb.that... 在某人看来/依某人看……
It seems as if... 看起来……，似乎……
There seems to be... 看上去似乎有……
Sb.seems to do/have done... 某人看上去要做/已经做了
……
①The sun rises in the east and sets in the west，so it seems as if the sun was circling round the earth.
太阳东升西落，因此，看上去好像是太阳正围着地球转。
②There seems to be(be) no rubbish in the dustbin.Who has emptied it?
看上去垃圾箱里没有垃圾了，谁把它倒了呢？
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I feel very sleepy now because I stayed up late yesterday.
2．Much to the amusement of passers-by，they were dancing and singing in the car.
3．With Helen's strong will and intelligence，combined with her teacher's skill and patience，they overcame(overcome)all the difficulties.
4．Luckily，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
5．She has many acquaintances(acquaint)in the business community.
6．No one can imagine the difficulty he had persuading(persuade)his son to get rid of the habit of playing computer games.
7．It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.We ought to be focusing on discouraging(discourage)kids from smoking.
8．We would rather our daughter stayed(stay)at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.
9．It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company.
10．Why should it be put off till next month?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我宁愿她因没能参加杰克的生日晚会已经向他道歉了。
I would rather she had apologized to Jack for not attending his birthday party.(apologize)
2．你不知道怎么读这个词，为什么不查阅一下字典呢？
You don't know how to read the word，why not look it up in a dictionary？(why not)
3．天空似乎要放晴了，明天有望是个好天气。
It seems that the sky will clear up，and it promises to be a fine day tomorrow.(it seems that...)
4．一个微笑可以帮助我们渡过困境。
A smile can help us get through difficult situations．(get through)
5．一旦攻下这一难题，其他问题就好解决了。
Once this difficulty is overcome，other problems will be easy to solve.(overcome)
课件62张PPT。Unit 1 Getting along with othersSection Ⅳ Language points(Ⅱ) (Word power，Grammar and usage & Task)23mailboxovercame4arithmeticcircusabsurdhopeless5amusement6identityacquaintance7throughupoffinwith8put offagree withgot throughstayed up91011would ratherthan share them with1213why not give1415It seems that16171819behindfrom202122ofto lend2324to25amusingamused262728upupaside29303132discouragingdiscouraged333435by/with3637完成 (用电话)接通通过(考试)用完，消耗掉3839withstudying40414243withto acquaint44454647wenthadn't done48495051climbing525354to be5556uptoovercame57throughacquaintancespersuading58discouragingstayedItoff59had apologized to Jack forwhy not look it up60It seems that the sky will clear upget through difficult situationsOnce this difficulty is overcome61点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅴ Reading(Ⅱ)(Project)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.attitude A．adj.热切的，急不可待的
( )2.cautious B．n.态度，看法
( )3.eager C．vi.依靠，依赖
( )4.adolescent D．vi.做出反应，回应
( )5.respond E．adj.青春期的
n．青少年
( )6.security F．n.道歉
( )7.rely G．adj.小心的，谨慎的
( )8.revision H．n.宽恕；仁慈
( )9.mercy I．n.平安，安全；安全措施
( )10.apology J．n.复习；修订，修改
[答案] 1－5 BGAED 6－10 ICJHF
Ⅱ.选择下列句子中相应词组的汉语意思
A．以……为基础 B．不管，不顾 C．最后成为
D．依靠，依赖 E．幸亏；由于 F．对……小心
( )1.Thanks to your help，we finished the task ahead of time.
( )2.I know I can rely on you to sort it out.
( )3.Friendship is based on mutual respect andunderstanding.
( )4.He continued speaking regardless of my feeling and objection on the matter.
( )5.It is said that she is cautious about telling secrets.
( )6.If you don't work hard，you'll end up nowhere.
[答案] 1－6 EDABFC
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P18－19教材课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Read Teenagers' friendships and match the general
idea of each part.
(1)Para.1 A．Regardless of the differences，there
are similarities
(2)Paras.2～4 B．The boy's puzzlement about the
friendship between girls
(3)Para.5 C．The different friendships between
girls and boys
2．Read What friendship means to me and match the main idea of each part.
(1)Para.1 A．Friends are very important to us
(2)Paras.2～4 B．What does friendship mean
(3)Para.5 C．What's the most important thing
in life for the writer
[答案] 1.(1)－(3)BCA 2.(1)－(3)CBA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
阅读P18－19的教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．Compared with boys，girls ．
A．are more curious about everything
B．are fonder of activities
C．have more best friends
D．have more free time
2．When boys are asked about their best friends，they often ．
A．hesitate B．become nervous
C．refuse to answer D．look excited
3．Which of the following is NOT the author's opinion about a boy's friendship and a girl's friendship?
A．A boy's friendship and a girl's friendship are different.
B．A boy's friendship and a girl's friendshipshould be based on the shared feelings.
C．A boy's friendship and a girl's friendship are the same in some way.
D．A boy's friendship and a girl's friendship require the same qualities.
4．What can we learn from “What friendship means to me”？
A．Jenny quarreled with the author one time only.
B．The author doesn't study hard until the final exam.
C．It's a great help to the author having Jenny around.
D．The author doesn't think highly of those who like money.
[答案] 1－4 CABC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
阅读P19教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What friendship means to me
What is the most important in life？Different people have different 1.opinions(opinion)．Some people choose money，while others choose things like 2.security(secure) and comfort.Those 3.who choose money as the most important thing may end up 4.losing(lose) all his or her friends.Friendship means 5.having(have) someone that you can rely 6.on．It also means 7.being committed (commit) to others.As a friend，you have to learn 8.patience (patient) and mercy and make 9.an apology when you hurt your friends.Friendship can 10.be found(find)even in a waiting room or on a trolleybus.
课件17张PPT。Unit 1 Getting along with othersSection Ⅴ Reading(Ⅱ)(Project)23456E D A B F C 789101112131415whoopinionssecurity16losinghavingonbeing committed patienceanbe foundThank you for watching !Section Ⅵ Language points(Ⅲ)(Project)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1．Negative attitudes(态度)are bad for your study and sometimes even make you feel depressed.
2．Our hotel has a worldwide(全世界的) reputation for good service.
3．She was eager(急切的)to tell me about the events that led to the argument.
4．As for those Internet users，they should be cautious(小心的)when making friends online.
5．The tutor needs to observe carefully how the student responds(反应)to different methods of studying.
6．She had little mercy on those who had hurt her.
7．I have an apology to make to you —I'm afraid I opened your letter by mistake.
8．Ancient people relied mainly upon their physical strength.
9．He hesitated before he took the last cake.
10．He continued speaking，regardless of my feelings on the matter.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．adolescent adj.青春期的 n．青少年
→adolescence n．青春期；青春
2．caution n．谨慎，小心→cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
3．respond vi.做出反应，回应→response n．回答；反应
4．secure adj.安全的，可靠的
→security n．平安，安全；安全措施
5．commit vt.使承担义务；使作出保证；犯罪/错
→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
n.＋-wide→adj.
人生不同的时期
nationwide全国范围的
countrywide全国范围的
citywide全市的
babyhood婴儿时期
childhood儿童时期
adulthood成年时期
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．be eager for sth. 渴望得到某事
2．regardless of 不管，不顾
3．end up 最后成为；最终处于
4．rely on 依靠，依赖
5．thanks to 幸亏；由于
6．be cautious about 对……谨慎的
7．be based on 以……为基础，以……为 根据
8．in conclusion 总之
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．At home one relies on one's parents and outside on one's friends.
2．The boss is cautious about making promises.
3．Health is very important to us teenagers.Either study or work is based on strong body.
4．Thanks to the government's efforts，my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.
5．Regardless of the children's interest，some parents want them to attend all kinds of other classes，laying a heavy burden on their shoulders.
be＋adj.＋for→动词短语
v.＋up→动词短语
be good for 对……有好处
be ready for 准备好……
be harmful for 对……有损害
build up 增强
hang up 挂断电话
pack up 打包；整理
1．When asked，they usually hesitate before responding，‘My best friend？’...
当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“最好的朋友？”……
[记句式结构]
when asked是“连词＋过去分词”结构，是状语从句的省略形式。
[仿写促落实]
Secondly，when praised，we reply with“Oh，no！”or“I'm overpraised”to show good manners.
其次，当被表扬时，我们用“哦，不是！”或者“过奖了”以示礼貌。
2．We have to realize：boys share activities，while girls share feelings.
我们必须认识到：男孩共享活动，而女孩分享情感。
[记句式结构]
while连接两个从句，意为“而”，表示一种对比关系。
[仿写促落实]
Some people support it while others do not．
一些人支持它而另外一些人则不支持。
3．At first，I didn't mind being alone，but then I saw all of the tourists having their pictures taken together，and I began feeling sad.
开始，我不介意自己一个人，但当我看到所有的游客都一起拍照时，我开始感到伤心。
[记句式结构]
having their pictures taken是“have sth.done”结构，表示“使某事被做”。
[仿写促落实]
I must go to town to have my computer repaired.
我得进城找人帮我修电脑。
attitude n．态度，看法
(教材P18)Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship.
男生和女生对友谊的态度是不一样的。
attitude to/towards sb./sth. 对……的态度/看法
have a positive/negative attitude to/towards sb./sth.
对某人/某事物持肯定/否定的态度/看法
take/adopt a/an...attitude 采取……的态度
①(2018·天津高考·完形填空)From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team.
从这次经历中，我学到了很多关于领导者的态度如何影响团队成员的知识。
②They adopt a strong attitude towards this matter.
他们对这件事采取强硬的态度。
③Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory.
科学家们对这个理论的态度是相当消极的。
④What is your attitude to/towards the problem?
你对这问题的看法如何？
be based on/upon 以……为基础，以……为根据
(教材P18)Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support，but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.
女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。
(1)base vt. 以……为根据
n． 基部；基地；基础
base...on/upon 以……为基础
at the base of... 在……的底部
(2)basis n． 基础
on the basis of 以……为基础
(3)basic adj. 基础的，基本的
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ· 阅读理解B)When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”．
当与浆果或其他水果片混合在一起时，冷冻香蕉是制作厚的、冷却的水果奶昔和低脂“冰淇淋”的绝佳基础。
②You should judge someone on the basis of the truth.
你应该根据事实来评判某个人。
③You should base your remarks on/upon careful investigation.
你的言论应该建立在仔细调查的基础上。
④Before he leaves home，he needs to learn some basic (base) cookery.
离家之前，他需要学点基本的烹饪技巧。
cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
(教材P18)A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings with his close friends.
对于与密友们分享感情这件事，男孩会更加谨慎。
(1)be cautious about/of 对……小心谨慎的
(2)caution n． 小心，谨慎
with caution＝cautiously 谨慎地
①Parents must be cautious of/about whatever they say or do in or out of their home because their children are learning from them both consciously and unconsciously.
父母必须对他们在家中或是外面所说或所做的任何事情小心谨慎，因为他们的孩子可能有意或是无意地跟他们学。
②Those numbers need to be treated with caution.
这些数字需要谨慎地看待。
③Move the vase cautiously(cautious) because it is fragile.请小心挪动这个花瓶，因为它易碎。
eager adj.热切的，急不可待的
(教材P18)A girl's closest friend，however，might be eager to tell her about something that has happened in her life.
而一个女孩的密友则可能会迫不及待地向她吐露自己生活中发生过的一些事。
(1)be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)eagerly adv. 热切地，渴望地
eagerness n． 渴望，热心，热切
①Everyone is eager to succeed, but the road to success is full of hardships.
每个人都渴望成功，但是通往成功的道路上充满艰辛。
②These stay-at-home children in the countryside are eager for the love and care from their parents.
这些农村留守儿童渴望得到父母的关爱。
③Five hundred pairs of eyes were fastened upon him eagerly(eager)．
五百双眼睛热切地盯着他。
[联想助记]
表达“渴望做某事”的短语还有：
①be anxious to do sth. ②be dying to do sth.
③be keen to do sth. ④long to do sth.
(教材P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding，‘My best friend？’...
当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“最好的朋友？”……
(1)hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑不决；踌躇；勉强
(1)hesitate about/over... 对……犹豫
hesitate to do sth. 不愿做某事，迟疑做某事
(2)hesitation n． 犹豫；迟疑不决
without hesitation 毫不犹豫
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
①She hesitated over the choice between the two dresses.
这两件衣服究竟选哪一件，她犹豫不决。
②In case you need something，please don't hesitate to ask(ask) me.
如果你需要什么东西，请不要客气，一定要对我说。
③I will have no hesitation(hesitate) in declining the post.我会毫不犹豫地拒绝这个职位。
(2)respond vi.做出反应，回应
(1)respond to 回答……；对……做出反应
respond that... 回答说……
(2)response n． 回答；反应
in response to... 作为对……的回答/反应
make no response to 对……不作回答，对……无回应
④(2018·江苏高考·阅读理解D)The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
该报告发现，如果年轻人对社交媒体上的帖子不及时、不间断地回复，他们的友谊可能会受到威胁。
⑤She made no response to my question.
她对我的问题没有做什么答复。
⑥He always takes the lead in response to the government's call.
他总是带头响应政府的号召。
regardless of不管，不顾
(教材P18)The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same，regardless of the basis of these friendships.
无论男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。
(1)regardless adv. 不顾；不管怎样
(2)despite prep. 尽管，虽然
in spite of 虽然，尽管
①Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying on regardless.
尽管最近做了手术，她还是不顾一切地进行下去。
②In spite of his disappointment，he managed a weak smile.
尽管他很失望，他还是勉强露出一丝淡淡的微笑。
[明辨异同] regardless of/in spite of
regardless of
意为“不管”，强调主观态度
in spite of
意为“尽管”，表示让步关系，强调客观情况，相当于despite
regardless of，in spite of
③In spite of the cold day，he didn't shrink，and went to the rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety.
[名师点津]
regardless of，despite和in spite of的意义及用法区别不大，都是介词(短语)，后面通常都不接从句。
end up最后成为；最终处于
(教材P19)I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room.
最终我回到火车站，在候车室里过完了这一天。
end up as 最终成为
end up with 以……结束(with后的名词是事 情的最后一部分)
end up in 在……中结束(in后的名词是指事情发展的结果)
end up doing 最终做……
end up＋adj./介词短语 最后……
①The boss ended up dead in a car accident.
那位老板最后在一次车祸中丧命。
②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.
开始他拒绝承担任何责任，但最终还是道歉了。
③The festival ended up with fireworks.
节日最后以燃放烟花结束。
④Stop spending so fast，or you'll end up as a beggar.
不要挥金如土，否则你最终会成为乞丐的。
rely on依靠，依赖；指望
(教材P19)Friendship means having someone I can rely on.
友谊意味着拥有我可以依靠的人。
(1)rely on/upon sb.for help/one's own efforts
依靠某人的帮助/自己 的努力
rely on/upon sb.to do sth. 指望某人做某事
rely on/upon it that... 相信……(事情)
(2)reliable adj. 可靠的，可依赖的
①These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
现在，我们在很大程度上依靠电脑来安排我们的工作。
②You can rely on it that he will come to help you.
你放心好了，他会来帮你的。
③All of us think that he is a reliable(rely)man.
我们所有人都认为他是一个可靠的人。
[名师点津]
rely on后面接that引导的宾语从句时，需要用it作形式宾语。
committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
(教材P19)Friendship means being committed to others.友谊意味着对他人的忠诚。
(1)be committed to 致力于；献身于
(2)commit vt. 致力于，使承担义务；犯(罪，错)，
干 (坏事)；承诺，委托
commit a crime 犯罪
commit oneself to sth. 专心致志于；献身于
①The doctor was committed to practical medicine.
那位医生致力于实用医学。
②I have committed myself，and there is no way to draw back.我既然已做了保证，就无法收回。
③He has committed himself(he)to the cause of education.他已决心献身教育事业。
mercy n．宽恕；仁慈；怜悯；恩惠；幸运
(教材P19)Because I am a friend，I have had to learn patience and mercy.
因为我是一个朋友，我必须学会耐心和宽容。
(1)have mercy on... 对……表示怜悯
at the mercy of... 任由……的摆布
show mercy to... 可怜，对……表示同情
without mercy 无情地，毫不留情地
It's a mercy that... 真是幸运……
(2)merciful adj. 仁慈的，幸运的
be merciful to... 对……仁慈
①He turned his back to his wife without mercy.
他无情地背弃了他的妻子。
②Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives.Others feel they are at the mercy of fate.一些人生来就相信他们能掌控自己的生活，另一些人则觉得他们受命运的摆布。
③She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy on people who are in trouble.
她是个善良的女士，经常对陷入困境的人表示同情。
④You need to be merciful(mercy)to your brother.He is just seven years old.
你要对你弟弟仁慈一点，他才七岁。
(教材P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding...
当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下……
[要点提炼] 本句是个复合句。句中when asked是when引导的时间状语从句的省略句，补充完整为：When they are asked，...。
在从属连词(when，while，once等)引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，并且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可以省略。
①While in college，he lived a simple life.
在大学期间，他过着简单的生活。(从句可补充完整为While he was in college，...)
②Even though invited，he will not go there.
即使受到邀请，他也不去那儿。(从句可补充完整为Even though he is invited，...)
③(2018·江苏高考·完形填空 )When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank.
当离开家的时候，Raynor和Moth刚好在银行有320英镑。
④He stood up as if to say(say) something.
他站起来好像要说些什么。
(教材P18)We have to realize：boys share activities，while girls share feelings.
我们必须认识到：男孩共享活动，而女孩分享情感。
[要点提炼] while在句中作并列连词，连接两个分句，表示对比，意为“而，然而”。
while作从属连词的用法：
(1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”；
(2)引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于although/though；
(3)引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。
①While there is life，there is hope.
有生命就有希望。
②We must strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁。
③(2018·浙江高考· 阅读理解B)And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
虽然塑料袋看起来很难看，但它们在今天的垃圾中只占很小的比例。
(教材P19)At first，I didn't mind being alone，but then I saw all of the tourists having their pictures taken together，and I began feeling sad.
开始，我不介意自己一个人，但当我看到所有的游客都一起拍照时，我开始感到伤心。
[要点提炼] 本句是but连接的并列句。but后的having their
pictures taken是have sth.done结构。
(1)have sth. done的两种作用：
①使某事被做(通常是让别人做)
②遭遇某种不好的事情
(2)have的其他结构
have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
have sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事
(强调动作的持续性；用在否定句中表示不允许、不容忍某人做某事)
①You have had your hair cut!
你理发了！
②He had his leg broken when climbing.
爬山时，他的腿摔断了。
③She had her bag stolen(steal)．
她的包被偷了。
④The teacher can't have his students arriving(arrive) late all the time.
老师不允许他的学生总是迟到。
1．(教材P18)Though they get along well，there are some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle Robert.
[分析] 该句为主从复合句，though引导让步状语从句，主句中that引导定语从句，修饰things。
[翻译] 尽管他们相处融洽，但阿曼达和她朋友的一些事还是让罗伯特感到困惑。
2．(教材P19)When deciding what is most important in life，some people choose money，while others choose things like security and comfort.
[分析] 该句为主从复合句，when引导时间状语从句，what又在此从句中引导宾语从句；主句为由while连接的并列句。
[翻译] 在判断什么是生活中最重要的东西时，一些人选择钱而另一些人选择安全和舒适等。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
2．The quick recovery was truly in response(respond)to medication.
3．He says what he thinks，regardless of other people's feelings.
4．I am going to join in what really interests me without hesitation(hesitate)．
5．A cake is made，and candles are put on top based(base)on how old the person is.
6．Once you start the car，you must drive cautiously(cautious)to keep off any traffic accidents.
7．It was a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.
8．I believe that an active attitude towards/to life is important and we should fill our life with happiness and sunshine.
9．British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages，ending up with different words.
10．On the present base and looking forward to the future，he decides to be committed to steel industry.
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A Vacation with My Mother
I had an interesting childhood.It was filled with surprises and amusements，all because of my mother—loving，sweet，yet absent-minded and forgetful．One strange family trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her.
My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North Dakota，and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way.As the first day of our trip approached，David，my eight-year-old brother，and I unwillingly said good-bye to all of our friends.Who knew if we'd ever see them again？Finally，the moment of our departure arrived，and we loaded suitcases，books，games，camping equipment，and a tent into the car and bravely drove off.We bravely drove off again two hours later after we'd returned home to get the purse and traveler's checks Mom had forgotten.
David and I were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad slept：“You stand outside the door and play lookout(放哨) while I go，and I'll stand outside the door and play lookout while you go.”I had terrible pictures in my mind：“Honey，where are the kids？”“What？！Oh，Gosh...I thought they were being awfully quiet.”We were never actually left behind in a strange city，but we weren't about to take any chances.
On the fourth or fifth night，we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy.After driving in vain for some time，Mom suddenly got a great idea：Why didn't we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there？David and I became nervous.To our great relief，Dad turned down the idea.Mom never could understand our objections(反对)．If a strange family showed up on her front doorstep，Mom would have been delighted.She thinks everyone in the world is as nice as she is.We finally found a vacancy in the next town.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us.
Paragraph 2：
We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way.
[参考范文]
Paragraph 1：
The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us.Mom suggested—again—that we should put it up somewhere beautiful so as to experience a memorable trip．At last，Dad agreed.However，David and I were still worried about it.Then Dad spent about half an hour persuading us and of course he succeeded.At 2 p．m.，we found a perfect place for camping．We took out the tent from our car，and put it up together，which gave us a sense of achievement.As a matter of fact，the idea that Mom came up with turned out to be wonderful and unforgettable.
Paragraph 2：
We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way.For example，there is a beautiful lake in a state.Its water is clear and calm.David and I couldn't wait to swim in it.After swimming，we asked Dad to teach us fishing.To our surprise，we two brothers caught a lot of fish for the first time，which is beyond our expectation！Dad roasted them all，which were extremely delicious.Then，Mom looked back on her childhood when she went camping with her parents，which made David and I even doubt that sometimes she was not forgetful．Eventually，we visited my two sets of grandparents，and we'll never forget the interesting details in the trip.
课件91张PPT。Unit 1 Getting along with othersSection Ⅵ Language points(Ⅲ)(Project)23attitudes4worldwideeagercautious5respondsmercyapology6reliedhesitatedregardless7adolescentcautiousrespond8securitycommitted910forofupon11toaboutonin12relies onis cautious aboutis based on13Thanks toRegardless of141516when praised1718while others do not1920have my computer repaired2122232425to/towards26272829basicon/upon 303132withcautiously333435for36eagerly373839to askhesitation404142in434445of4647In spite ofregardless of48495051aswith525354it55reliable5657himself58596061onmerciful62636465to say66676869while70717273stolenarriving74让步定语75时间宾语while7677itresponseofhesitation78basedcautiouslytotowards/to79withto8081828384858687888990点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅶ Writing——建议信
[文体指导]
建议信就是以信件的形式对对方提出的问题给出自己的忠告、看法或建议。建议信除要遵循书信的格式之外，还要求在信中针对别人的问题，给出你的观点及解决办法。因此，陈述建议的语言必须中肯，在劝说对方接受自己的建议时，应该特别注意措辞。
第一部分：介绍写信的目的。本部分是建议信的开头。写信人要简明扼要地写出写信的背景、原由或目的。
第二部分：提出具体的建议。本部分是建议信的主体。写信人要分开条目写清楚对什么提出建议，为何要提出建议以及提出的建议是什么。本部分写作要层次分明，要有逻辑性。提建议时还要注意措辞，尽可能地有说服力、委婉、语言恰当得体。
第三部分：请对方考虑并回复或向对方表示祝愿、感谢。本部分是建议信的结尾。写信人要请对方对自己所提出的建议予以考虑并希望对方回复。必要时可写上祝愿的话。此部分一定要简洁，一、两句话即可。
(一)建议信的开头句式——介绍目的
1．I have received your letter saying that...
2．I am writing to you to present...
3．I am writing to express my views concerning...
4．You have asked me for my advice about...
5．My suggestions are as follows.
(二)建议信的主体句式——提出建议
1．I'd like to suggest that...
2．May I suggest that...
3．In my opinion/As far as I'm concerned...
4．I would like to make a recommendation that...
5．I am writing to advise you of...
6．If I were you，I would...
7．Why not do/Why don't you do...?
(三)建议信的结尾句式——恳请回复或表示祝愿、感谢
1．Please take good consideration of my advice.
2．Thank you for your attention.
3．Your kind and early reply will be appreciated.
4．I hope you will find my suggestions helpful.
5．I believe that you will take my suggestions into serious account.
假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom给你发来电子邮件，询问怎样才能与同学和睦相处。请你给Tom回一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．尊重别人；
2．宽宏大量；
3．原谅别人的过错。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．不要逐条翻译，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：心胸开阔的broad-minded
体裁
建议信
时态
一般现在时
主题
如何与人相处
人称
第一人称
结构
首段：引出话题，表明意图
中段：根据情况给对方提出具体建议
尾段：表达自己的愿望
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．get on/along well with 与……相处得好
2．good relationship 良好的关系
3．be based on/upon 建立在……基础之上
4．forgive 原谅
5．sincerely 真诚地
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．我们尊重他人，以诚待人。
We respect others and treat them sincerely．
2．我们就会获得他人的尊重。
We are sure to gain their respect in return.
3．我们应该胸怀宽大。
We should be broad-minded．
4．这意味着要尊重不同于我们的观点和行为。
It means that we should respect opinions and behaviours different from ours.
5．希望我的建议对你是有帮助的。
I hope my suggestions will be of help for you．
(二)句式升级
6．用条件状语从句合并句子1、2
If we respect others and treat them sincerely，we are sure to gain their respect in return.
7．用which引导的非限定性定语从句合并句子3、4
We should be broad-minded，which means that we should respect opinions and behaviours different from ours.
[参考范文]
Dear Tom，
How are you? You asked me how to get along well with other students.Here，I'd give you some suggestions.
Firstly，we should keep it in mind that any good relationship is based on understanding，trust and respect.If we respect others and treat them sincerely，we are sure to gain their respect in return.Secondly，one person who is ready to help others is always welcome.Thirdly，we should be broad-minded，which means that we should respect opinions and behaviours different from ours.We should also learn to forgive other people's faults.
I hope my suggestions will be of help for you.Good luck with your new relationship with others!
Yours truly，
Li Hua
课件19张PPT。Unit 1 Getting along with othersSection Ⅶ Writing——建议信234567891011get on/along well with
good relationship
be based on/upon
forgive
sincerely12treat them sincerelyare sure to gain their respect13should be broad-mindedmeans thatwill be of help for you14If we respect others and treat them sincerely，we are sure to gain
their respect in return.We should be broad-minded，which means that we should respect
opinions and behaviours different from ours.15161718点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Unit 1 Getting along with others
课时分层作业(一) Section Ⅰ、Ⅱ
(建议用时：35分钟)
[语言知识练习固基础]
单句语法填空
1．It's no use ________(pretend) that you didn't know the rules.
2．I am glad to know that you have been admitted ________ your dream university.
3．It ________________(rain) last night，for the ground is wet.
4．Being forgiven ________ the past is the most precious gift we can receive.
5．If I were you，I'd talk with them instead of ________ (argue) with them.
6．The captain apologized ________ the passengers for the delay caused by the weather.
7．If you stop focusing on who is ____________(blame) for such a small thing，you will be happier.
8．The magazine made a few ________(remark) on the performance of the American president，Trump.
9．As a result ________ careless washing，the jacket shrank to a child's size.
10．I was ________ sleepy that I could hardly keep my eyes open.
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Everyone had their friends，but I knew one girl who didn't.I guess you could call her a geek，because all she did was read，study，and do homework.I don't think she even played a sport.She was one of those quiet people who no one really paid attention to，and those who were often laughed at.I had heard all kinds of rumors(谣言)that she had problems，but I didn't really believe them.
My friends and I were nice to her.We let her sit at our lunch table and we often said “Hi” to her，but she wasn't our best friend.Throughout the year，she started talking to us more and more.We continued being kind to her.She was normal as far as I was concerned.She was just really quiet.
During the summer holidays I got a letter from her.It read，“I just wanted to thank you so much for being so extremely(非常)kind and friendly to me this year.Before you became my friend，I had no one to talk to or sit with at lunch.I didn't think anyone wanted me around.I even wanted to kill myself because of this.But you and your friends changed that.You made me feel wanted.It meant so much to me.I am going to be moving and going to another school next year.I'll never forget you and what you did.”
By the time I finished the letter，I was in shock(震惊)．I could not believe what I had just read.I learned that the simplest things and the smallest acts of kindness can mean the world to someone else.
1．The underlined word “geek” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to a person________．
A．who is naughty and always makes fun of others
B．who is confident and works very hard
C．who is not popular and does strange things
D．who is not honest and is badly-behaved
2．How did the girl feel before the author became her friend?
A．Happy and comfortable.
B．Pleased and confident.
C．Worried and surprised.
D．Sad and lonely.
3．From the third paragraph，we can learn that the author and her friends________．
A．helped get the girl out of trouble
B．made the girl go to another school
C．were not the girl's friends
D．didn't want to help the girl at all
4．What's the best title for the passage?
A．A strange girl
B．Just the smallest things
C．A girl without problems
D．I'm going to be moving
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
We all have our favourite teachers—those who treat us equally.But what about those teachers we don't know as well (for even don't like much)?
You can do lots of things to get a relation with your teacher.First, do the following：__1__Complete all homework on time.Be attentive, be respectful, and ask questions.__2__Obviously, your teachers are really interested in their subjects or they wouldn't have decided to teach them! Show the teacher that you care, even if you're not good at math or fluent in French—send the message that you are a dedicated student.
You can also schedule a private meeting during a teacher's free period. __3__ You can ask questions, inquire about a career in the subject, or talk about your progress in class.You may be surprised to learn that your teacher is a bit more relaxed one on one than when lecturing in front of the whole class.
However, here are some things to avoid when trying to establish a relationship with your teacher：
1．__4__Teachers sense when your only motivation is to get special treatment, a college reference, or a job suggestion.
2．Trying to be teachers' pet.You just attract the teachers' attention on purpose and your classmates may start to hate you.
3．__5__It's OK to offer a small sign of thanks to teachers if they've been helpful to you.But a teacher is usually not allowed to accept the wrong message, and a teacher is usually not allowed to accept anything expensive.
A．Giving expensive gifts.
B．Show up for class on time.
C．Not being sincere.
D．Find the practical value in classes.
E．Use this time to get extra help.
F．Show an interest in the subject.
G．Get along better with your teachers.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Many fourth graders would panic in an emergency situation，1.________ one Pennsylvania nine-year-old is being called a hero after discovering a 2.________(die) man and knowing exactly what to do to save his life.This past Friday, Owen Sambol 3.________(head) home, from school on a cold, snowy day when he heard a faint noise that sounded like someone crying for help.4.________ hesitation, he ran behind the house 5.________(see) where it was coming from and discovered a man lying face down in the snow.
The little boy tried his 6._________(hard) to pull the man up, but he wasn't strong enough.Instead of panicking, he told the man he would get his mother，7._________ is a firefighter, and come right back for him.Mom Ashley Sambol called 911 right away, then pulled the man up and carried him into her home because she was afraid he had hypothermia(低体温)after 8.________(leave) in the snow for so long.
“I take 9.________(proud) in him，”Ashley said about her son, who stayed calm and saved a life that afternoon.“Had he been out there any longer and who knows.”10.________(thank), the man was rescued just in time and is now healing in the hospital.
课时分层作业(二) Section Ⅲ、Ⅳ
(建议用时：35分钟)
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．On getting to the kindergarten，the mother was glad to see her baby well ________(care)for.
2．The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of ________________(amusement)，which can attract more and more visitors to it.
3．Once she had ____________(overcome)her initial shyness，she became very active in class and dared to speak.
4．Last autumn，when I went to New York for further study，I made ________ acquaintance of the girl who's now my wife.
5．In my opinion，parents should discourage their
children ________ spending too much time playing computer games.
6．He has left out the most important reason why he stayed ________ last night.
7．—It's a long time since I saw my sister last time.
—Why not ________(visit)her this weekend.
8．Only you can persuade her into ________(give) up the foolish idea.
9．The psychologist has persuaded my son __________(break)the web game addiction by playing basketball and football，which is of great help to our family.
10．—Why hasn't Nancy come to meet us?
—Oh，my God！I forgot ____________(telephone)her!
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我宁愿她已经因没能参加杰克的生日晚会向他道歉了。
I would rather she ________________________ not attending his birthday party.(apologize)
2．你不知道怎么读这个词，为什么不查阅一下字典呢？
You don't know how to read the word，so ________________________________ in a dictionary？(why not)
3．天空似乎要放晴了，明天有望是个好天气。
________________________________，and it promises to be a fine day tomorrow.(it seems that...)
4．一个微笑可以帮助我们渡过困境。
A smile can help us ________________________________．(get through)
5．一旦攻下这难题，其他问题就好解决了。
________________________________，other problems will be easy to solve.(overcome)
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
I'm sure we've all done something a little dishonest in our lives—maybe copying someone's work, or being given too much change in a shop and keeping quiet about it. Or maybe I'm wrong—maybe you're a good, upstanding citizen who believes that honesty is the best policy.
We may agree that admitting our mistakes and behaving in a genuine and decent way is the right way to lead our lives but is there something in our human nature that makes us unscrupulous? For example, in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty box－a box where you pay for something by putting money in it.But it does provide a temptation(诱惑) to get away with not paying the full amount.
Philip Graves, a psychologist, suggests that this temptation is part of our evolution.He says: we have evolved with the ability to be dishonest.It's part of our evolutionary psychological makeup—because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us, we have a greater chance of surviving.
So why do we place such importance on being honest if we benefit from being dishonest? It's because it is selfish behavior.If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time, the world would be a very unpleasant place.So, for societies to work together we need to trust each other and therefore we need to be honest.
Being trustworthy with money is of course extremely important for an economy to survive and there are laws to protect us from dishonest practices.But being honest with words is another matter; saying what we think to someone can be embarrassing.Is honesty always the best policy?
1．Which of the underlined words is similar to “dishonest”in meaning?
A．upstanding B．decent
C．unscrupulous D．trustworthy
2．If there is an honesty box in a shop, what should a customer do?
A．Take some money out if in need.
B．Donate some money to the charities.
C．Get away without paying the right amount.
D．Put in the amount of money one should pay for his buying.
3．What can we learn according to Philip Graves?
A．Men are born to be dishonest.
B．One will be criticized if he is dishonest.
C．Dishonesty is of some benefit to survival.
D．Breaking the balance is kind of dishonesty.
4．The author may NOT agree that ________．
A．honesty is based on working together
B．not all social members accept dishonesty
C．dishonest economic behaviors will be punished
D．being dishonest with words sometimes is acceptable
Ⅱ.完形填空
Two close friends，Sam and Jason，met with an accident on their way to Boston City.The following morning，Jason woke up__1__and Sam was still unconscious.Dr.Berkeley was standing at his bedside__2__at his health chart and medications with a__3__expression on his face.When he saw Sam awake，he beamed at him and asked，“How are you__4__today，Sam？”Sam tried to __5__a brave face and smiled back saying，“Absolutely wonderful，Doctor.I am very grateful for all__6__you have done for me.”Dr.Berkeley was__7__at Sam's deed.All that he could say was，“You are a very brave man，Sam，and God will make it up to you in one way or__8__．”While he was moving on to the next patient，Sam called back at him almost pleading，“Promise me you won't __9__Jason anything.”“You know I won't do that.Trust me.”And he walked away.“Thank you，”whispered Sam.He smiled and looked __10__in prayer，“I hope I live up to your __11__．..Please give me the strength to be able to go through this...Amen.”
Months later when Jason had recovered，he __12__connecting with Sam.He felt embarrassed to spend time with a disabled __13__ like Sam.
Sam was lonely because he didn't have anybody else other __14__Jason to __15__on.Things went from bad to worse.And one day Sam died in __16__．When Jason was called on his burial，he found a letter__17__for him.Dr.Berkeley gave it to him with a face without __18__and said，“This is for you，Jason.Sam had asked me to give it to you when he was gone.”
In the letter he had said：“Dear Jason，I have kept my promise in the end to __19__you my eyes if anything had happened to them.Now there is __20__more that I can ask from God，than the fact，that you will see the world through my eyes.You will always be my best friend...Sam.”
1．A．well B．good C．blind D．sad
2．A.looking B．seeing C．finding D．watching
3．A.sad B．happy C．thoughtful D．cool
4．A.feeling B．guessing C．considering D．owing
5．A.come up B．put in C．come in D．put up
6．A.what B．that C．which D．how
7．A.interested B．surprised C．amazed D．moved
8．A.another B．others C．else D．some
9．A.ask B．ask for C．tell D．tell about
10．A.away B．up C．off D．down
11．A.needs B．actions C．words D．ideas
12．A.stopped B．began C．continued D．went
13．A.patient B．person C．brother D．doctor
14．A.to B．of C．than D．but
15．A.count B．call C．beg D．follow
16．A.despair B．joy C．happiness D．sadness
17．A.expecting B．asking C．waiting D．looking
18．A.expression B．view C．eyesight D．sight
19．A.make B．give C．borrow D．lend
20．A.anything B．nothing C．something D．none
课时分层作业(三) Section Ⅴ、Ⅵ
(建议用时：35分钟)
[语言知识练习固基础]
单句语法填空
1．John was dismissed last week because of his casual attitude ____________ his job.
2．You can leave the work in the charge of him，for he is always ________(caution)about everything，and never makes any mistakes.
3．—Jack got drowned in the lake and was in hospital yesterday.
—Sorry to hear that.I'm told he often goes swimming alone regardless ________ his mother's objection.
4．We are at your service.Don't hesitate ________(turn)to us if you have any further problems.
5．—Have you heard of the news that some bad guys set fire to the city hall and caused a lot of damage last night?
—Yes，and I'm wondering how the police will respond ________ the accident.
6．Whether the clothes will be ready tomorrow relies ____________ the tailors.
7．Without a sure supply of water，farming in that area remains at the mercy ________ the weather.
8．The great scientist，Qian Xuesen，was so ________(commit)to the cause of rockets and space technology that he won respect from people both home and abroad.
9．They are eager ________ new skills so that they can be qualified for the jobs in various fields to which they are strange.
10．I thought we'd be late for the concert；however，we ended up ________(get)there ahead of time.
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Knowing how to communicate well needs very personal attention between you and another human being.Is there a better way to learn how to communicate effectively? Yes，there is.Please follow the 3 basic steps below.
Relax and breath
Whether it's a business meeting or a first date the first thing you must do in order to communicate is to relax.
When you relax you are in control.You control your reactions and your reactions do not control you.Breathing is central to relaxation.Take a few deep breaths and your body will begin to be more at ease.This will help you apply what you already know about how to communicate well.
Think and you will be prepared
Have you ever heard the old saying “think before you speak”？Well，it is true.By thinking ahead about how the conversation might flow you will be better prepared，more at ease and more confident.
Follow the flow of the conversation
If you are uncomfortable，being silent will only make it worse and make the other person uncomfortable as well.So when all else fails，follow through with small talk until a common topic appears.
A good way to keep a conversation going is to ask the other person questions.People love to talk about themselves and if you do this they will leave the conversation thinking very highly of you.Learning good communication skills is not something out of reach.If you make an effort，you will succeed.
1．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．How to Communicate with Anyone You Meet
B．Preparation and Conversation
C．Personal Attention and Communication
D．How to Begin Your Conversation Effectively
2．If you want to talk with others successfully，the most important thing you should do is________．
A．to keep calm and relax yourself fully
B．to take as many deep breaths as possible
C．to make a good preparation for the conversation
D．to follow the flow of the conversation
3．Why does relaxation play an important part in your good communication?
A．Because it can help you keep excited and react quickly in the communication.
B．Because it will help you organize good sentences for your communication.
C．Because it can help you put your communication skills that you know into use.
D．Because no one likes to communicate with a nervous person.
4．If you feel uncomfortable，you'd better________．
A．keep silence in order to give the chance of speaking to others
B．speak freely so as to run across the topic you like
C．talk small things until you find a topic you both like
D．ask questions which you are interested in
B
(2019·福建省莆田市第二十四中学高二上学期期末) It seems that the great desire among the young is to be popular.The desire to be popular can force you into looking and acting like everyone else.You can lose yourself in a sea of identical hairstyles and thinking styles.
I was forced to think about popularity not too long ago in a talk I had with my daughter.Margy had to change schools when my busy work schedule made it necessary for me to move houses.I suppose that, for a girl in her teens, entering a new school is like spending a season alone in the tropical jungles.At least that's how Margy found it at first.However, as the school year drew to a close, one student after another came to her.I told Margy that I would have been more concerned if she had been an instant social success in her new school.Nobody can please everyone.If you try to do so, you will find values as lasting as soap bubbles blown into the air.
Some teenagers claim they want to dress as they please.But they all wear the same clothes.They set off in new directions in music.But somehow they all end up listening to the same record.Their reason for thinking or acting in a certain way is that the crowd is doing it.They have come out of their cocoon into a larger cocoon.
I know that it has become harder for a young person to stand up against the popularity wave.Our way of life makes a young nonconformist stand out like a Martian.These days there's a great barrier for the young person who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over.You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party.Well, go to it.Be yourself.Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are.That's the only kind of popularity that really counts.
5．Why was the author worried about his daughter's popularity in her new school?
A．She might find no true friends.
B．She would ignore her academic performance.
C．She had no idea of her own.
D．She might betray her true self.
6．What does the author think of most teenagers?
A．They're afraid of getting lost in life.
B．They lack the courage to be truly different.
C．They have difficulty understanding each other.
D．They find it hard to gain popularity as expected.
7．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “nonconformist” in Paragraph 4?
A．Someone who behaves in his own way.
B．Someone who desires popularity greatly.
C．Someone who cares about others' opinion.
D．Someone who wants to please others.
Ⅱ.语法填空
She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course.But unlike her school friends，16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1.________(rest)．Instead，she is earning￡6，500 a day as 2.________model in New York.
Sarah 3.________(tell)that she could be Britain's new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter，44，wants her to give up school to model full-time.But Sarah, 4.________has taken part in shows along with top models，wants 5.________(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her 6.________(educate)．
She has turned down several 7.________(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 8.________engineering or architecture.
Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school 9.________(come)first.I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is 10.________(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model may more.”
