译林版英语必修3 Unit 2　Language（课件+教案+练习）

当今社会，一个人会讲两种、三种语言已不再是什么稀奇的事。但你有没有思考过这样一个问题：世界上到底有多少种语言？读完下面的短文，你会大吃一惊。
When people are asked how many languages they think there are in the world，the answers are very different.One random sampling of New Yorkers，for instance，resulted in answers like“probably several hundred”．However we choose to count them，though，this is not close.When we look at reference works，we find estimates that have escalated over time.The 1911 (11th) edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica，for example，suggests a figure somewhere around 1，000，a number that climbs steadily over the course of the twentieth century.That is not due to any increase in the number of languages，but rather to our increased understanding of how many languages are actually spoken in areas that had previously been described.Much pioneering work in proving the languages of the world has been done by missionary organizations (such as the Summer Institute of Linguistics) with an interest in translating the Christian Bible.As of 1997，at least a portion of the Bible had been translated into 2，197 different languages，still a long way short of full coverage.The most extensive catalog of the world's languages，generally taken to be as authoritative as any，is that of the Ethnology organization，whose detailed classified list currently includes 6，809 distinct languages.
[阅读障碍词]
1．random 随机的，任意的
2．sampling 抽样
3．estimate 估计
4．escalate 上升
5．Encyclopedia 百科全书
6．coverage 覆盖范围
7．catalog 目录
[诱思导读]
根据短文内容，回答下列问题
1．Why does the number of languages climb steadily over the course of the twentieth century?
Because our understanding of the number of languages increases constantly.
2．What is the authoritative number of languages?
6，809.
Section Ⅰ　Reading (Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
(　　)1.occupy　 A．vt.替换，代替，取代
(　　)2.consist B．n.口音，腔调；着重点
(　　)3.contribution C．adv.因此，所以
(　　)4.replace D．vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)
(　　)5.entire E．n.过程；进程
(　　)6.raise F．n.区别，差别
(　　)7.therefore G．vi.组成，构成
(　　)8.process H．n.贡献，促成因素；捐赠
(　　)9.distinction I．vt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；
筹募；提及
(　　)10.accent J．adj.完全的，整个的
[答案]　1－5　DGHAJ　6－10　ICEFB
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．开始使用 B．由……构成　C．除了　
D．增加，添加 E．担当　F．代替，而不是
1．It maddens me that she was chosen instead of me.
2．Aside from being fun and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill.
3．When did the train come into use？
4．She didn't want to work as a servant forever.
5．They don't want to add to the government's burden.
6．I want my firm to be made up of excellent workers.
[答案]　1－6　FCAEDB
English and its history
All through history，people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain.The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary(词汇) ①these people brought to Britain．That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
英语及其历史
有史以来，在不列颠共同生活着来自许多不同国家和文化背景的人们。英语就是由这些人带到不列颠的语法和词汇构成的。那就是英语有如此多令人困惑不解的规则的原因。
[助读讲解]　these people brought to Britain是定语从句，修饰先行词the grammar and vocabulary，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。
Old English
Old English is very different from the English ②we speak nowadays(现在，如今)．In fact，we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.Before the middle of the 5th century，people in Britain all spoke a language ③called Celtic．Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland—the Angles and the Saxons—occupied Britain.Old English consisted of a mixture(混合) of their languages.(Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles；the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.)Aside from place names such as London，very few Celtic words became part of Old English.At the end of the 9th century，the Vikings，④people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway，began to move to Britain.They brought with them their languages，⑤which also mixed with Old English．By the 10th century，Old English had become the official(官方的，正式的) language of England.
When we speak English today，we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases(短语) to use.⑥This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages，but with similar meanings.For example，the word sick came from a word ⑦once used by the Angles and the Saxons，⑧while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians.
古英语
古英语和现在我们说的英语非常不同。事实上，如果今天听到古英语，我们会听不懂。公元5世纪中叶以前，不列颠所有的人都说一种叫凯尔特语的语言。然后，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。古英语是由他们的语言混合而成的。(英语及英国人都是由盎格鲁人命名的；Angle这个词在古英语里拼作Engle。)除了像“London”这样的地名外，极少数的凯尔特单词成了古英语的一部分。在9世纪末，来自北欧诸国例如丹麦和挪威的维京人开始向不列颠移居。他们带来了他们的语言，这些语言也与古英语交汇在了一起。到了10世纪，古英语已成为英格兰的官方语言。
现在当我们讲英语时，我们有时会对用哪些单词或短语而感到困惑。这是因为英语有着许多来自不同语言的单词和短语，但是这些单词和短语有着相似的意思。比如，“sick”一词就是来自盎格鲁人和撒克逊人曾经用过的一个词，而“ill”则来自曾经被挪威人用过的一个词。
[助读讲解]　②we speak nowadays是省略了引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the English。③过去分词短语called Celtic作后置定语，修饰a language。④people from...and Norway是the Vikings的同位语。⑤which also mixed with Old English是非限制性定语从句，修饰languages。⑥This is because...“这是因为……”，because引导表语从句，其后接表示原因的句子。其中介词短语from different languages作定语，修饰words and phrases。⑦过去分词短语once used by...作后置定语，修饰a word。⑧while ill came from...中while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表对比。
Middle English
Middle English is the name ⑨given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries．Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English.The most important contribution was from the Normans，a French-speaking people who defeated(战胜)England and took control of the country in 1066.However，the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons' victory about 600 years earlier，⑩which led to Old English replacing Celtic．?Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England，French did not replace English as the first language.On the other hand，the English language did borrow many words from French.This resulted in even more words with similar meanings，such as answer(from Old English) and reply(from Old French)．?It is interesting to learn how the words for animals and meat developed．After the Norman Conquest，many English people worked as servants ?who raised animals．Therefore，the words ?we use for most animals raised for food，such as cow，sheep and pig，came from Old English.However，the words for the meat of these animals，?which was served to the Normans，came from Old French：beef，mutton(羊肉)，pork and bacon(咸猪肉)．
Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well.In Old English，the Germanic way of making words plural was used.For example，they said housen instead of houses，and shoen instead of shoes.After the Normans took control，they began using the French way of making plurals，adding an -s to house and shoe.Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms，such as man/men and child/children.
After the Norman Conquest，high-class people spoke French ?while common people spoke English．However，by the latter half of the 14th century，English had come into widespread use among all classes in England.In 1399，Henry Ⅳ became King of England.His mother tongue was English，and he used English for all official events.
中古英语
中古英语是给大约12世纪到15世纪期间使用过的英语起的名字。在这一新型英语的发展中，许多事件起了作用。最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。另一方面，英语也确实借用了许多法语单词。这造成了甚至更多意思相近的单词，比如“answer”(来自古英语)和“reply”(来自古法语)。了解有关动物和肉的词汇是怎样演变而来的是件挺有趣的事。诺曼征服之后，许多英国人以仆人的身份从事饲养动物的工作。因此，我们使用的表示专为食用而饲养的大多数动物的单词，比如“cow(母牛)”、“sheep(绵羊)”和“pig(猪)”，来自古英语。然而，由于这些动物的肉是供应给诺曼人的，所以指代这些动物的肉的词来自古法语，如“beef(牛肉)”，“mutton(羊肉)”，“pork(猪肉)”和“bacon(熏猪肉，咸猪肉)”。
古法语也为中古英语做出了其他贡献。在古英语中，单词变复数采用了日耳曼语中单词变复数的方法。例如，他们说“housen”而不是“houses”，说“shoen”而不是“shoes”。在诺曼人控制英格兰之后，他们开始使用法语的复数构成形式，在“house”和“shoe”后面加-s。只有很少的单词保留了日耳曼语的复数形式，如“man/men”和“child/children”。
诺曼征服之后，上层社会的人讲法语，而普通人则讲英语。但是到了14世纪后半叶，英语已经被英格兰所有社会阶层广泛使用。1399年，亨利四世成了英格兰国王。他的母语是英语，他在所有正式场合都使用英语。
[助读讲解]　⑨given to the English...是过去分词短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰name。used from...是过去分词短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰English。⑩which led to Old English replacing Celtic是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the Angles and the Saxons' victory。?Even though the Normans spoke...是even though(＝even if)引导的让步状语从句。?It is interesting to learn...中it作形式主语，代替to learn...；how the words...为宾语从句，作learn的宾语。?who raised animals是who引导的定语从句，修饰servants。?we use for most animals raised for food是定语从句，修饰words。因为关系代词在从句中作宾语，所以可以省略。其中raised for food是过去分词短语作后置定语。?which was served to the Normans是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the meat of these animals。?while common people spoke English中while作并列连词，表示转折和对比，意思是“而，却”。
Modern English
Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century.Because of this，Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words.Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period.Of course，this was not the end of the changes in the English language.The question of ?whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer．?It is certain that this process will continue，and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.
现代英语
现代英语出现于16世纪的文艺复兴时期。由于这个原因，现代英语中含有许多拉丁语及希腊语单词。在此期间，(英语)发音也经历了巨大的变化。当然，这并不是英语语言变化的终结。英语将来是否会持续变化，这一问题很容易回答。可以肯定的是，这一进程将会继续，而且人们将会不断地发明新的单词和新的表达事物的方式。
[助读讲解]　?whether English will keep on changing...是whether引导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。 ?It is certain that...“可以肯定的是……”；it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。
第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P22－23教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Look at the title and the subtitle(副标题)before each section，and then finish the following question.
This passage is about the developing history of English.
2．Put the following sentences in the right order.
①In 1399，Henry Ⅳ became King of England and used English for all official occasions.
②By the 10th century，Old English was the official language of England.
③During the Renaissance in the 16th century Modern English began.
④By the latter half of the 14th century English was adopted by all classes in England.
⑤Before the middle of the 5th century，people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic.
⑥In 1066，the Normans conquered England and took control of the country.
⑦At the end of the 9th century，the Vikings invaded Britain and brought their languages.
[答案]　⑤⑦②⑥④①③
第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P22－23教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．English is a language with so many confusing rules，because ．
A．England has a long history
B．England is separated from the European mainland
C．the English population is large
D．the English nation consists of people from different countries and cultures
2．In the passage of Middle English，it gives us a lot of examples.What does it really hint?
A．There are too many English words for us to use.
B．English is difficult to learn.
C．Foreign cultures affect the English language a lot.
D．Foreign languages have no effect on the English language.
3．Which language had an important effect on the English language during Middle English period?
A．German.　　　　　 B．French.
C．Latin. D．Greek.
4．Which of the following is TRUE about the history of English?
A．The language used before the middle of the 5th century is called Old English.
B．Middle English started from about the 12th century and ended in the 15th century.
C．Only the English we are using today is Modern English.
D．The process of English's development will not continue any more.
5．Which of the following terms come from French?
A．Beef，sheep and bacon.
B．Feet，children and shoe.
C．Pig，mutton and tooth.
D．Beef，pork and bacon.
[答案]　1－5　DCBBD
第三步　研读——能力升华　接轨高考
根据P22－23教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
English has many difficult 1.rules(rule) that confuse people.Before the middle of the 5th century，people in Britain all spoke Celtic.Then two Germanic groups from the 2.European(Europe) mainland and the Vikings from Northern European countries invaded Britain.They brought with them their languages，3.which also mixed with Old English.By the 10th century，Old English 4.had become(become)the official language of England.
In 1066 the Normans defeated England and 5.took(take) control of the country.However，the Norman Conquest didn't affect English as 6.much(more)as the Angles and the Saxons' victory，which 7.led to Old English replacing Celtic.Old French made 8.contributions(contribution) to Middle English as well.Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in 9.the 16th century.But this was not the end of the changes in the English language.It is certain that English will keep on 10.changing(change)in the future.
课件50张PPT。Unit 2　Language Because our understanding of the number of languages increases constantly. 6，809. Section Ⅰ　Reading( Ⅰ ) (Welcome to the unit & Reading)the developing history rules European which had become took much led contributions the changing Thank you for watching !Section Ⅱ　Language points(Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．After listening to his adventure，she felt a strange mixture(混合) of excitement and fear.
2．The factory manager used a flow chart to explain the production process(过程)．
3．He was about to speak when she raised(举起)a finger to her lips to stop him from speaking.
4．There are many distinctions(区别)between the two wine-making areas.
5．Wide reading will increase your vocabulary(词汇量)．
6．He was a businessman，and therefore，he always has an eye out for any chance to make money.
7．More new machines will be fixed to replace the old ones to produce more goods.
8．My team was defeated by that team，which made me sad.
9．George told me that it was reading that occupied most of his free time.
10．Scientists make great contributions to the development of our country.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．occupy vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)→occupation n．占领，占用；职业
2．mix v．混合，搅拌→mixture n．混合，混合体
3．official adj.官方的，正式的→officially adv.官方地，正式地→officer n．军官，政府官员
4．contribute v．贡献→contribution n．贡献，促成因素；捐赠
5．distinct adj.明显不同的，不同种类的；清晰的→distinction n．区别，差别→distinctive adj.与众不同的
v.＋-ion/-ation→n.
v.＋-ing→n.
contribution n．贡献
occupation n．占领，职业
protection n．保护
spelling n．拼写
understanding n．理解
suffering n．苦难
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be made up of/consist of 由……组成(构成)
2．name after 以……命名
3．aside from 除……之外
4．make contributions to 对……做出贡献
5．take control of 控制，取得对……的控制
6．lead to 导致
7．replace...with... 用……替代……
8．go through 经历
9．keep on 持续，继续
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．It's no easy task to take control of a class of young children.
2．Eating too much fat can lead to health problems，so we must have a balanced diet.
3．The UK consisting of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，is a country famous for its history.
4．The street was named after a great man in honor of his great contributions to the city.
5．Now his family is going through a hard time.
“忙于”短语荟萃
take＋n.＋of
by busy with sth./in doing sth.
be occupied with sth./in doing sth.
be employed in doing sth.
take control of 控制
take charge of 管理
take notice of 注意
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
那就是英语有如此多令人困惑不解的规则的原因。
that is why...“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
I always try to overcome difficulties.That is why I have always succeeded where others have failed.
我总是努力克服困难，那就是我总是在别人失败的事情上成功的原因。
2.Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England，French did not replace English as the first language.
尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。
even though/if引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，即使”。
He's the best teacher，even if/though he has the least experience.
他虽然经验最少，却是最出色的老师。
3.After the Norman Conquest，high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English.
诺曼征服之后，上层社会的人讲法语，而普通人则讲英语。
while引导并列句，表示前后对比，意为“而；却”。
Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement.
点头表示同意，而摇头表示不同意。
be made up of由……组成(构成)
(教材P22)The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain.
英语就是由这些人带到不列颠的语法和词汇构成的。
make up 化妆，打扮；和解；编造，虚构；构成
make out 理解；看清，辨认清楚
make up for 弥补，补偿
make one's way 前往
make it 成功
①One hundred years make up a century.
一百年构成一个世纪。
②Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music，but she makes up for it with hard work.
卡罗琳的音乐天分不高，但她用刻苦弥补了不足。
③I believe I have the talent to make it．
我相信自己有成功的天分。
[语境助记]　
Our class is made up of forty students.Some girls in our class like making up so much that they are often late for classes.When our teachers ask the reason，they usually make up an excuse for it.
我们班由40名学生组成。其中，一些女生很喜欢化妆以至于经常上课迟到。当老师们问到原因时，她们常编造借口应对。
occupy vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)；担任(职务)，使从事
(教材P22)Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland—the Angles and the Saxons—occupied Britain.然后，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.
忙于(做)某事　　　　
(2)occupied adj. 忙碌的；占用的
be occupied in (doing) sth. 忙于(做)某事
be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作
①All the seats on the bus were occupied.
公共汽车上所有的座位都有人了。
②She is fully occupied with looking after her three children.
＝She's fully occupied in looking after her three children.
＝She occupies(occupy) herself in looking after her three children.她忙于照料她的三个孩子。
③He carries on several occupations(occupy) at a time.他同时从事几种职业。
consist of 由……组成(构成)
(教材P22)Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages.古英语是由他们的语言混合而成的。
(1)consist in　 存在于，在于
consist with 与……一致；符合
(2)consistent adj. 一致的；相符的；符合的
be consistent with 与……相一致，与……相吻合
①The report does not consist with the fact.
这篇报道与事实不符合。
②Tolerance consists in respecting the opinions of others.宽容在于尊重别人的意见。
③The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。
[名师点津]　
consist of与be made up of同义，但consist of 不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时。
[语境助记]　
Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle，which consists with reality.生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。这与现实相一致。
name after 以……命名
(教材P22)Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles；the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.
英语及英国人都是由盎格鲁人命名的；Angle这个词在古英语里拼作Engle。
name...as　 提名为；任命为
in the name of 以……名义；代表
under the name of 用……作名字，以……假名
①He has been named as the new chairman.
他被任命为新董事长。
②No country should invade others in the name of anything.任何国家都不应以任何名义侵略他国。
③He writes under the name of Mao Dun.
他以“茅盾”这个名字发表著作。
aside from除……之外
(教材P22)Aside from place names such as London，very few Celtic words became part of Old English.
除了像“London”这样的地名外，极少数的凯尔特单词成了古英语的一部分。
表示“除……之外”的短语：
apart/aside from除……之外，根据上下文的不同，可以分别相当于besides，except或except for。
besides＝in addition to除……之外(也，还)，常与also，more，other等连用。
except除……外(都)……，常与all，every，no，none，nothing等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。
①Apart from English，he has a good command of Russian and French.
除英语外，他还精通俄语和法语。
②People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.
人们择业时除了钱之外还有别的考虑。
[明辨异同]　besides/except/except for/aside from
besides
表示除外的部分包括在内，相当于with和plus。
except
表示除外的部分不包括在内，相当于without和minus。
except for
表示被除外的部分是不同类事物。
aside from
与apart from相同，相当于except，except for以及besides。
　besides，except，except for，aside from
③The translation is well done except for/aside from a few small mistakes.
④Besides/Aside from cancer，smoking can lead to other diseases.
⑤Most people go to work except/aside from Saturday and Sunday.
(教材P22) The most important contribution was from the Normans，a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.
最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。
(1)contribution n．贡献，促成因素；捐赠
(1)make a contribution to/towards sth.
为……做出贡献；为……捐款
(2)contribute vi.&vt. 贡献(时间、精力)；捐助；投稿
contribute sth.to/towards... 给……捐……
contribute(sth.)to... 向……投稿
contribute to... 是……的原因之一；有助于；导致
①She has contributed several poems to magazines.
她给杂志投了几篇诗稿。
②Riding bikes not only contributes to keeping (keep) fit，but also produces no pollutants.
骑车不仅有益于保持健康，而且无污染。
③As mayor，he made many positive contributions(contribute) to the growth of the city.
作为市长，他对这个城市的发展做出了很多积极的贡献。
④Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem.我们对新产品的渴望也导致了这个问题。
[语境助记]　
Many people contributed money to the Hope Project，which contributed to many children's coming back to school.A teacher was so deeply moved by the kind people that she wrote an article and contributed it to a newspaper.很多人都给希望工程捐款，这使得许多孩子能重返校园。一位老师感动于好心人的帮助，写了一篇文章向报社投稿。
(2)defeat vt.击败，战胜n.击败，失败
be defeated in 在……中被打败了/输了
admit defeat 承认被击败
⑤They never admitted defeat in the face of difficulties.
在困难面前他们从未低头。
⑥They were defeated(defeat) in the football match.
他们在足球比赛中输了。
⑦The candidate defeated(defeat) all opponents in the last election.
在上次竞选中这个候选人打败了所有对手。
[明辨异同]　 beat/defeat/win
beat
多指打败或战胜“对手”，后可接人名或地名。beat their team战胜他们队。
defeat
多指击败敌军或入侵者。defeat the enemy打败敌人。
win
多指赢得比赛、辩论、战斗等。win the game赢得比赛。
　beat，defeat，win
⑧The challenger defeated/beat the champion in three sets.
⑨I'm sure that he will win the game.
⑩Iraq army was quickly defeated by America in 2003.
?I could always beat my brother at chess.
(3)take control of 控制，取得对……的控制
lose control of　 对……失去控制
under control 受控制
out of control 失去控制
in control of 控制；掌握
in the control of 受……控制
?You shouldn't have lost control of your temper on such an occasion.你不应该在这种场合发脾气。
?With the help of firefighters，they got the fire under control.在消防员的帮助下，火情得到了控制。
?The city is in the control of enemy forces.
那座城市现处于敌军的控制之下。
(教材P22－23)However，the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons' victory about 600 years earlier，which led to Old English replacing Celtic.
然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。
(1)lead to 导致；通往……
lead a...life　 过着……生活
lead...to... 领……到……
lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
lead the way 处于首位，领先
①All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
②Your advice led him to think(think) it over again.
你的建议使他又考虑了一下。
③We want to lead a quiet life in the country.
我们想在乡下过安静的生活。
④She led us to a room with a balcony overlooking the harbour.
她把我们领进了一个带阳台的房间，从那里可以俯瞰海港。
[名师点津]　
lead to中to 为介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
(2)replace vt.替换，代替，取代；把……送回(原处)
replace＝take the place of　 代替，取代
replace...as... 作为……而取代……
replace...with/by... 用……取代……
⑤First of all，it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it.首先，现在替换一个东西要比花费时间和金钱修理它要容易得多。
⑥The manager replaced Bob as chairman of the company.经理取代鲍勃成为公司的总裁。
⑦They replaced their beloved old cars with/by expensive new sports cars.
他们用昂贵的新跑车代替他们心爱的旧车。
result in造成；导致
(教材P23)This resulted in even more words with similar meanings，such as answer (from Old English)and reply (from Old French)．
这造成了甚至更多意思相近的单词，比如answer(来自古英语)和reply(来自古法语)。
result from　 因……而发生
as a result of 因为，由于
as a result 结果
①As a result of the rain，the meeting has been put off.
由于下雨，会议已被推迟。
②They wear out，and as a result，we get old and eventually die.
它们会老化，所以我们会变老，最终死去。
③The high unemployment in the country results from the government's policies.
那个国家的高失业率是由政府的政策导致的。
[名师点津]　
result in意为“结果，导致”，句中的主语是起因，in的宾语是结果，与cause，lead to同义；result from意为“由……引起，产生”，句中的主语是结果，from的宾语是起因，可与as a result of，because of同义。
raise vt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及
(教材P23)After the Norman Conquest，many English people worked as servants who raised animals.诺曼征服之后，许多英国人以仆人的身份从事饲养动物的工作。
　写出下列句中raise的含义
①We will send more teachers to study overseas in order to raise the city's education level.提高
②Parents have the duty to raise their children.养育
③If you have a problem，please raise your hand.举起
④They are raising funds to help needy youngsters.募集
⑤He did not raise the subject again.提出/提及
[明辨异同]　raise/rise/arise
raise
是及物动词，也可表示抽象意义，如提高政治觉悟、生活水平、地位等。
rise
是不及物动词，说明主语自身移向较高的位置。通常指日、月、星辰的升起，也可指人起身，站起及情感的增强，数量的增加等。
arise
是不及物动词，意为“产生，发生，出现”。
　raise，rise，arise
⑥I am always wondering how you manage to raise four children on such a small income.
⑦My spirits rose when I heard the good news that I would be given a chance to study abroad.
⑧In order to make everyone hear me clearly，I had to raise my voice.
⑨ The number of deaths arising from road accidents has been rising．
[图形助记]　
raise/rise/arise巧记忆
(教材P22)That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
那就是英语有如此多令人困惑不解的规则的原因。
【要点提炼】　That is why...“那是……的原因”，此句型中why引导表语从句，且在从句中充当状语。that在此为关系代词，引导定语从句修饰名词rules。
(1)That is the reason why...(＝That is why...)
　　　　 那就是……的原因
(2)That/It is because... 那是因为……
(3)The reason(why...)is that... (……的)原因是……
①We stopped for the post；that was why we were late.
我们停下来取邮件了，所以迟到了。
②Mr. Li was ill yesterday.That was why he didn't give us lessons.
李老师昨天生病了，所以他没有给我们上课。
③I was tired.That was why I fell asleep quickly.
＝I fell asleep quickly.That was because I was tired.
＝The reason why I fell asleep quickly was that I was tired.
我累了，这就是我很快就睡着的原因。
[名师点津]　
That's why...后接某事发生的结果，That's because...后接某事发生的原因。
(教材P23)After the Norman Conquest，high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English.诺曼征服之后，上层社会的人讲法语，而普通人则讲英语。
【要点提炼】　while在此句中作并列连词，意为“然而，可是，却”，前后分句为对比关系。
　写出下列句中while的含义
①He fell asleep while he was watching TV.当……的时候
②Men tended to be violent while women acted in the opposite way.
然而
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．尽管
(1)while用作并列连词：表示两种情况的对比，意为“而，然而，却”
(2)
④Honesty is a virtue while greed is an evil.
诚实是一种美德，而贪婪是一种罪恶。
⑤The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping.
兔子睡大觉，乌龟赢赛跑。
⑥While I admit that there are problems，I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。
[名师点津]　
while 强调“在……过程中，在……期间”，其后从句的谓语应为延续性动词或表示状态的词语；when不强调动作是否延续，所以其后从句的谓语动词没有是否延续的限制。
1．(教材P22)The most important contribution was from the Normans，a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.
【分析】　句中a French-speaking people作the Normans的同位语，who引导定语从句，修饰people。
【翻译】　最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。
2．(教材P23)Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England，French did not replace English as the first language.
【分析】　even though尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句，该从句还包含一个定语从句，即they ruled England 修饰the entire 250 years。
【翻译】　尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They were occupied in building a bridge.
2．This is an article consisting(consist) of five parts.
3．The word “bookstore” is made up of the two words “book” and “store”．
4．It was at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood.
5．Then a military government took(take) control of the country.
6．His illegal actions could lead him to lose(lose) his job.
7．The world champion has only had two defeats(defeat) in 20 fights.
8．Meanwhile，people should be encouraged to replace(replace) plastic bags with paper bags.
9．I wondered how they had raised(raise) so much money on their own to help youngsters in need.
10．I usually work until 9：00 p．m.aside from Sunday.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The class consisted of thirty-five students is about to play the game.consisted→consisting
2．Fully occupying in looking after her children at home，she no longer has time to play.occupying→occupied
3．While I dislike her，but I often help her out when she is in trouble.去掉but
4．The evidence will lead us to come to a final conclusion.come→coming
5．To keep healthy，apart from eat less，he walks every day.eat→eating
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．I got up late this morning.This was why I was late for school．(This is/why...was)
我今天早晨起晚了。这就是我上学迟到的原因。
2．I am outgoing and easy to get along with．(adj.＋to do)
我平易近人，容易相处。
3．While it was a little hard，it was interesting.(while)
虽然工作有难度，但很有趣。
4．Even though I hadn't seen him for many years，I recognized him at once.(even though)
虽然我很多年没有见他，我还是立刻就认出了他。
5．I do hope you can give me some useful suggestions.(do＋动词原形)
我确实希望你能给我一些有用的建议。
课件84张PPT。Unit 2　LanguageSection Ⅱ　Language points(Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)mixture process raised distinctions vocabulary therefore replace defeated occupied contributions occupy mixture official contribution distinction of of after from to of to with through on to take control of lead to consisting of was named after going through That is why even if/though while for it in occupies occupations in with in under besides except for/aside from Besides/Aside from except/aside from keeping contributions to were defeated defeated defeated/beat win defeated beat under in to think a to as with/by a from 提高 养育 举起 募集 提出/提及 raise rose raise arising rising why That was because why 当……的时候 然而 尽管 while While in consisting of after took to lose defeats to replace had raised from consisted→consisting occupying→occupied 去掉but come→coming eat→eating This was why I was late for school easy to get along with While it was a little hard Even though I hadn't seen him do hope 点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅲ　Grammar——名词性从句(Ⅱ)与it作形式主语
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
①That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
②It is interesting to learn how the words for animals and meat developed.
③It is certain that this process will continue...
④I always wondered when I would get the English novel my parents had promised to give me.
⑤What I always dreamt of has come true.
⑥It is fun wandering in the countryside.
后自主感悟
1.第①、④、⑤句中的黑体部分都是名词性从句，它们分别在各自的句子中作表语、宾语和主语。
2.第②、③、⑥句中的黑体部分都是it作形式主语的用法，it分别替代的是动词不定式、主语从句和动名词短语。
一、连接代词、连接副词引导的名词性从句
1．由what，which，who/whom，whose等连接代词和when，where，why，how等连接副词引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
(1)主语从句
What surprised us was her ignorance.
使我们吃惊的是她的无知。
Where we will go hasn't been decided.
我们要去哪儿还没有定下来。
When she will come is still unknown.
她何时来还不知道。
(2)宾语从句
The school was built on what used to be a wasteland.
这所学校是在以前的荒地上建造的。
Now we don't know how the pyramids were built.
现在我们不知道金字塔是如何建造的。
Please tell me whose book it is.
请告诉我这是谁的书。
(3)表语从句
The problem is how we could make him understand it.
问题是我们如何能使他明白这些。
The question is where we should go.
问题是我们应该去哪儿。
He was ill.That was why he didn't attend the meeting.
他病了。那就是他没出席会议的原因。
He didn't attend the meeting.That was because he was ill.他没出席会议。那是因为他生病了。
(4)同位语从句
I have no idea where he has gone.
我不知道他去哪里了。
We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice.
我们不明白这个问题——为什么这是最好的选择。
2．连接代词和连接副词的选择
连接代词和连接副词的选择要把握住两点：
(1)成分：连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语； 连接副词在从句中作状语。
(2)意义：无论是连接代词还是连接副词，通常都有各自的意义。
That's where the accident took place.
那就是事故发生的地方。(作状语，意为“……的地方”)
She didn't know who/whom we were talking about.
她不知道我们在谈论谁。(作介词宾语，意为“谁”)
[即时演练1]　
选词填空：when，why，how，which，what，who，whom
①Do you know when the train arrives.
②Can you tell me why you chose the topic to write an article.
③How I can make greater progress later is a problem.
④Which team will win is not clear.
⑤What I want to know is who took away my book.
⑥The problem is whom we should have do it.
3．what与that的用法区别
(1)that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何意义。
(2)what引导从句，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，这时what具有两个含义：
①保留疑问的意义，即“什么；什么样的”；
②相当于“the thing(s) that/which”，即“先行词＋定语从句”的含义。
另外，what的此种用法还可以表示时间(the time that)、地点(the place that)、人物(the person that)、数目(the amount/number that)等不同概念。
You can have what you like.
你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。
The trouble is that she has lost his address.
麻烦在于她弄丢了他的地址。
After what seemed a long wait，the results were announced.
经过了似乎漫长的等待之后，结果被宣布了。
[即时演练2]　单句改错
①That the professor said is of great importance.
That→What
②The key is that we can get from it.that→what
③He saves that he earns.that→what
④I know the fact what he came here two years ago.
what→that
4．“疑问词＋-ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”的用法区别
whoever，whatever，whichever等既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句，而“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
[即时演练3]　句型转换
①Anyone who comes here is welcome.
→Whoever comes here is welcome.
②You can do anything you like.
→You can do whatever you like.
二、it用作形式主语
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。
1．代替主语从句
it代替主语从句的常用句式如下：
(1)It be＋名词(a pity，a shame，an honour，a good idea，a miracle，a fact，common knowledge，a surprise ...)＋从句。
It is a pity that I can't go with you because I have to look after my little brother.
很遗憾我不能和你一起去，因为我必须照看我的弟弟。
It is common knowledge that the earth turns around the sun.地球围着太阳转是常识。
(2)It be＋形容词(clear，possible，likely，natural，certain，fortunate，necessary，strange，uncertain，obvious，important ...)＋从句。
It is obvious that they are for the plan.
很明显他们赞同此项计划。
(3)It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，chance，occur，matter ...)＋从句。
It happened/chanced that I was in the countryside at the time.那时我恰巧在乡下。
It seems that it is going to rain soon.
看起来天马上要下雨了。
(4)It＋be＋过去分词 (found，believed，reported，thought，noted，proved，known，decided，suggested，required ...)＋从句。
It is reported that the fire caused a great loss and hundreds of people died.
据报道这一次火灾损失巨大并且数百人死亡。
[名师点津]　
(1)“It＋be＋said/believed/reported/...that ...”句型一般可转换成“sb./sth.＋be said/believed/reported/...＋不定式”句型。
It is said that he has got a doctor's degree.
＝He is said to have got a doctor's degree.
据说他获得了博士学位。
(2)在句型“It＋is/was＋adj.＋主语从句”中，如果形容词是important，strange，natural，necessary等，从句谓语部分要用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可以省略。
It was necessary that we (should)make everything ready ahead of time.
我们有必要提前把一切都准备好。
(3)在“It is/was＋过去分词＋that...”结构中，如果动词是require，demand，request等，从句谓语部分要用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可以省略。
It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
要求所有人都不能在这里吸烟。
2．代替不定式短语
It is hard to translate this sentence into English.
把这个句子译成英语很难。
3．代替v.-ing短语
It's no use arguing with him.同他争辩没用。
4．it作形式主语和it用于强调句型的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化，可以是that，whether或连接代词、连接副词。而it强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that，若被强调部分指人时也可用who。试比较：
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film.
你没有去看电影真遗憾。(主语从句)
It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.
你成功与否我都不感兴趣。(主语从句)
It was in the morning that the murder took place.
正是上午的时候谋杀案发生了。(强调句型)
It was John that/who broke the window.
是约翰把窗子打破的。(强调句型)
[即时演练4]　用it作形式主语改写句子
①To remember this rule is important.
→It's important to remember this rule.
②Lying in the sun in winter is pleasant.
→It is pleasant lying in the sun in winter.
③That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit.
→It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．What is important is how to persuade her to change her mind.
2．You may choose whatever topic you like to write your composition.
3．It is clear that the weather will soon turn out fine.
4．Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend a day with my kids.
5．Whether ways will be found to stop pollution is just what worries the public.
6．－I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
－That's where I don't agree.You should have a more active life.
7．Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the light.
8．He got killed in the accident.That's because he was careless.
9．It is very important that each of us pay attention to our English learning.
10．It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. What the boy didn't work hard made his parents very worried.What→That
2．He was late for work.That was why he got up late this morning.
why→because
3．I don't want to offer this job to whom isn't responsible for his work.
whom→who/whoever
4．There was no wonder that she looked so happy that day.There→It
5．It makes no difference if they will come to the party or not.if→whether
6．That is which other teachers say.which→what
7．This is how I need to improve in the future.how→what/where
8．But before long they began to see which was happening.which→what
9．Here is my idea about how a friend is like.how→what
10．I find what I have one shortcoming in my character.what→that
课件40张PPT。Unit 2　LanguageSection Ⅲ　Grammar——名词性从句(Ⅱ)与it作形式主语名词性 表语 宾语 主语 形式主语 动词不定式 主语从句 动名词短语 when why How Which What who whom That→What that→what that→what what→that Whoever whatever It's important to remember this rule. It is pleasant lying in the sun in winter. It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. What whatever It when what where Whoever because It that What→That why→because whom→who/whoever There→It if→whether which→what how→what/where which→what how→what what→that Thank you for watching !Section Ⅳ　Language points(Ⅱ) (Word power，Grammar and usage & Task)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．This soap is very gentle(平和的)on the hands.
2．We are all concerned(关心)about the safety of the missing boy.
3．The custom(习俗)of naming women after flowers is becoming less common.
4．You're mistaken in believing that you can succeed without hard work.
5．You embarrassed the girl by asking her weight in front of others.
6．We shouldn't reach quick conclusions．We had better have a second think.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．mistake v．&n.错误→mistaken adj.错误的；误解的
2．embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪→embarrassed adj.尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrassment n．尴尬
3．race n．人种，种族→racial adj.人种的，种族的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．due to　 由于
2．be up to 由……负责
3．make fun of 取笑
4．in conclusion 最后
5．in a word 总之，一句话
6．leave out 遗漏；不考虑，忽视
7．ought to 应当，应该
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．He called off a list of names to find out whether any of us had been left out．
2．As we all know，the major reason for global warming is due to human activities.
3．In conclusion，I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here.
4．You ought not to do like that.
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.There are many situations in everyday life where informal English is allowed or even preferred...
在日常生活中有许多场合可以使用非正式英语，非正式英语甚至更受欢迎……
关系副词where引导限制性定语从句，其先行词是situations。
Noise is coming to the point where we can't put up with it.
噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步了。
2.When you are late for a small meeting，there is no need to say ‘sorry’.
当你参加一次小型会议迟到时，没有必要说“抱歉”。
there is no need for sb.to do sth.“某人没必要做某事”。
Everything is fine with me；there is no need for you to be concerned.
一切都好，你不用牵挂。
3.It seems that if people learn something about other cultures before they visit a new country...
看起来好像人们如果在参观一个新国家之前学习一些关于其他文化的知识……
It seems that...“似乎……”。
It seems that young people are more interested in pop music.
年轻人似乎对流行音乐更感兴趣。
leave out遗漏，删去；不考虑，忽视；不包括，不提及
(教材P28)We cannot leave out the question words in noun clauses.在名词性从句中，我们不能漏掉疑问词。
leave for...　 动身去……
leave aside 不予考虑，搁置一边
leave ...behind 把……抛在后面，超过
leave off 停止(做某事)，中断
leave alone 不管；不理；不干涉
①The principal is busy at his desk.You'd better leave him alone.
校长正坐在桌旁忙于工作。你最好别打扰他。
②Start reading from where you left off last time.
从你上次停下来的地方接着读吧。
③What if the family had simply left the cat behind?
要是这家人只不过是把这只猫丢下的会怎么样呢？
concern n．关心；忧虑
vt.涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣
(教材P29)King Henry Ⅶ was a poet who showed great concern for language.
国王亨利七世是一位诗人，对语言非常感兴趣。
(1)feel/show concern about/for/over...
对……表示关心/担心
(2)concern oneself about... 担心……
(3)concerned adj. 关注的，关切的；担心的；涉及的
be concerned about/for 担心……
be concerned with/in 涉及/有关
as far as...is concerned 就……而言
(4)concerning prep. 有关，关于
①He didn't concern himself about the details.
他不关心细节。
②It is natural that we are concerned about our daughter's safety.我们担心女儿的安全，这很自然。
③As far as I am concerned，educators should be concerned about the problem that is concerned with the healthy growth of the children.(concern)
依我之见，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题。
[名师点津]　
(1)concern用作名词表示“关注的事；重要的事”时，为可数名词。
(2)concerned意为“担心的”时，作前置定语；意为“有关的”时，作后置定语。
ban vt.&n.禁止；取缔
(教材P29)At one time the department banned some ‘borrowed words’ from English，including ‘weekend’ and ‘e-mail’．这个部门曾一度废除了一些来自英语的“借用词”，包括“weekend”和“e-mail”。
ban sth.　　　 禁止……，取缔……
ban sb.from (doing) sth. 禁止某人做某事
a ban on (doing) sth. 禁止……
①Always observe district fire bans.
务必要遵守区域防火规则。
②Chemical weapons are banned(ban) internationally.
国际上禁止使用化学武器。
③He was banned from driving for six months.
他被禁止驾驶六个月。
(教材P29)Today，the spread of ‘borrowed words’ is mostly due to the easily accessed Internet and television programmes from across the world.
今天，“借用词”的传播主要得益于广泛应用的因特网和遍及世界的电视节目。
(1)due to由于，因为
due adj.　 预定的，预期发生的；
欠下的；到期的，应付的
be due to do sth. 预期做某事；预定要做某事
be due to (doing)sth./sb. 归因于(做)某事/某人；欠某人……
be due for sth. 应有；应得到
①His new book is due to be published next year.
他的新书预计明年出版。
②The car is due for its annual service again.
这辆汽车又该做年度保养了。
③The meeting isn't due to start(start) until four.
会议预定要到4点才召开。
[明辨异同]　due to/because of/owing to/thanks to
due to
引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语或定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义；作状语时，一般不与其他成分隔开；可作后置定语。
because of
“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，修饰句中的一部分，在句中常作状语，有时也可以作表语。
owing to
“由于，归功于”，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可在句首或句末。
thanks to
“幸亏，多亏”，多用于表达正面意思，相当于感谢，在句中作状语或表语。
　due to，because of，owing to，thanks to
④His success was largely due to his efforts.
⑤They decided to put off the trip，owing to the change of weather.
⑥Thanks to your help，we have just successfully completed the work on time.
(2)access vt.进入；使用
n．通道；(使用的)机会，权利
(1)have/get/gain/obtain access to
　　　　 获得进入……的机会；可以
进入；可以获得
(2)accessible adj. 可达到的；可进入的
be accessible to sth. 可进入……；可使用……
⑦Some also contain CD-ROMs and access to special online features.
一些(词典)含有只读光盘和能够利用特定方式上网的功能。
⑧Students must have access to good resources.
学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
⑨Young people in cities are more accessible(access) to the new things.城市里的年轻人更容易接受新事物。
embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪
(教材P35)She is making fun of you and trying to embarrass you into trying harder.
她在取笑你，试图使你尴尬，使你更努力学习。
(1)embarrass sb.with sth. 因某事使某人尴尬
(2)embarrassed adj. 窘迫的；尴尬的，不好意思的
feel/be embarrassed about/at 对……感到尴尬
(3)embarrassing adj. 令人窘迫的，使人难堪的
(4)embarrassment n. 困窘，尴尬
to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
①Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves.
许多人担心健身房，因为他们感到失落，不想为难自己。
②All the people fixed their eyes on me，which made me feel very embarrassed.
所有的人都把目光盯着我，使我很尴尬。
③I felt embarrassed about how untidy the house was.
我对家里这么乱感到难为情。
④I was in the embarrassing(embarrass) position of having completely forgotten her name.
当时我完全忘记了她的名字，很是尴尬。
conclusion n．结论；推论
(教材P36)In conclusion，we need to know the customs of a country so that we do not make others embarrassed or annoyed.总之，我们需要了解一个国家的风土人情，这样我们才不会让别人尴尬或生气。
(1)in conclusion 最后，总之
arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion
得出结论
make a conclusion 下结论
(2)conclude v. 总结，结束
conclude with sth. 以……结束
conclude from sth. 从……中得出；推断
①He has come to the conclusion that his future depends on himself alone.
他得出一个结论，自己的未来只能依靠自己。
②He concluded his speech with a joke.
他以一个笑话结束了他的演讲。
③He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
interrupt vi.& vt.插嘴，打断，暂停
(教材P36)Saying‘sorry’ if we interrupt or disagree with someone also helps us to be polite.
当我们打扰或不同意某人的看法时说声“对不起”也会使我们显得有礼貌。
(1)interrupt sb.(with sth.) (以……)打断某人
(2)interruption n. 打扰，插嘴
without interruption 连续的，不断的
①We can talk here without interruption.
我们在这儿谈话不会被打断。
②He was angry at being interrupted(interrupt) with such silly questions in his speech.
他对在他演讲时被这样愚蠢的问题打断而生气。
[明辨异同]　interrupt/disturb
interrupt
作“打岔，打断，中断”解时，重在“断”字上，指“使中断，使暂停”。
disturb
作“打扰，妨碍，使不安”解时，重在“扰”字上，含有“困扰，使不安”之意。
　interrupt，disturb
③Her son's illness disturbed her，and she felt upset.
④I'm sorry to interrupt the meeting，but there is an urgent long-distance call.
⑤We were interrupted in the middle of our conversation.
ought to应当，应该
(教材P37)We also ought to show due respect for people older than us.
我们也应当向比我们年龄大的人表现出恰当的敬意。
(1)ought to后接动词不定式的完成时，表示对过去存在的某种可能性的推测，或指过去该做而未做的事情，意思是“早应该，本应该”。若是否定句，则表示发生了不该发生的事。
(2)ought to的否定形式是ought not to或oughtn't to。
(3)ought to的疑问式是将ought提到主语之前。
①She ought to do well in her studies this year—she's very focused.
今年她的功课应该学得好，她的注意力很集中。
②We ought to be heading back if we want to reach home before dark.
如果我们想天黑前到家，现在该往回走了。
③You ought not to have taken(take) the book out of the reading-room.
你本不应该把书带出阅览室。
④—Ought we to do (do) it at once?
——我们应该马上做吗？
—Yes，you ought to.
——是的，应该。
[名师点津]　
ought to表示义务和责任，没有人称和数的变化，口语中多用should，后接动词原形。否定句中用oughtn't，疑问句为Ought...to do...?
(教材P26) There are many situations in everyday life where informal English is allowed or even preferred，for example，while playing sports or meeting friends at a party.
在日常生活中有许多场合可以使用非正式英语，非正式英语甚至更受欢迎，比如，在进行体育运动或朋友聚会时。
【要点提炼】　句中where引导定语从句，先行词situations和定语从句被in everyday life隔开了。
英语中诸如situation这样表示抽象地点的名词还有environment，position，case，career，activity等，这些名词充当先行词时，若定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语，则引导词用关系副词where，where可用“相应的介词＋which”替换；若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则引导词用that/which。
①Today，we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的情况。
②The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere in which his employees enjoy their work.
这家公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，员工可以在这种氛围中享受他们的工作。
③Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
现在人们更关心他们所居住的环境。
④Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中他们能获得成长的经验。
(教材P32)When you are late for a small meeting，there is no need to say‘sorry’．
当你参加一次小型会议迟到时，没有必要说“抱歉”。
【要点提炼】　句中there is no need to do sth.表示“没有必要做某事”。
(1)There is a (great，etc.) need for sth.　 有必要……
There is a (great，etc.) need for sb.to do...
某人有必要做……
(2)There is no difficulty in doing sth. 做某事没有困难
There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that ... ……是毫无疑问的
①You don't take advice，so there is no point in asking for it.你不听劝说，因此征求别人的意见也就没有什么意义了。
②There is an urgent need for qualified teachers.
迫切需要合格的教师。
③The light was failing，but there was no difficulty in recognizing(recognize) her.
路灯很暗，但是不难看出是她。
(教材P37) It seems that if people learn something about other cultures before they visit a new country，they will be less likely to upset others or be misunderstood.
看起来好像人们如果在参观一个新国家之前学习一些关于其他文化的知识，他们就几乎没有可能使别人恼火或不被人理解了。
【要点提炼】　句中It seems that...意为“看起来……，似乎……”，其中it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
(1)It seems/seemed＋adj.＋to do sth.　 做某事似乎……
(2)It seems/seemed as if/as though... 看起来好像……
(3)There seems/seemed＋to be... 似乎有……，看来有……
①It seems that there are more people in the street today.
今天大街上似乎人比较多一些。
②It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看起来好像天快要下雨了。
③There seems to be(be) some misunderstanding between us.
我们之间好像有些误会。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The teacher banned him from talking in class.
2．All the characters (character) in this book are imaginary.
3．As for renting houses to live alone，it's better for study as you can feel free in your own room without being interrupted(interrupt)by others.
4．Have you ever been in a situation where you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?
5．Various questions concerning(concern) pollution and environment remain to be settled.
6．An official(office) announcement is expected in the next few days.
7．I like folk music.It's accessible(access) and lively.
8．Nowadays in the USA，there is still racial(race) discrimination.
9．I admire Edison a lot because of his great contributions (contribution) to the world.
10．I told her my secret in the mistaken(mistake) belief that I could trust her.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Interrupting by the stranger，the speaker was angry，but soon he calmed down.
Interrupting→Interrupted
2．The young mother put her baby into her mother's arms gentle.
gentle→gently
3．It is no need for you to be anxious.It→There
4．We have reached a point which a change is needed.which→where
5．It is clear that no one likes being made fun.fun后加of
课件64张PPT。Unit 2　LanguageSection Ⅳ　Language points(Ⅱ) (Word power，Grammar and usage & Task)gentle concerned custom mistaken embarrassed conclusions mistaken embarrass racial to to of in in out to left out due to In conclusion ought to where there is no need for you to be It seems that off behind about am concerned be concerned is concerned are banned from for to start due to owing to Thanks to to accessible about embarrassing with from being interrupted disturbed interrupt were interrupted have taken to do where where for recognizing It to be from characters being interrupted where concerning official accessible racial contributions mistaken Interrupting→Interrupted gentle→gently It→There which→where fun后加of 点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅴ　Reading(Ⅱ)(Project)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
(　　)1.distinguish　　 A．adv.向后；向反方向
(　　)2.indicate B．vt.显示，表示；象征，暗示
(　　)3.shortcoming C．vt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力
n．报刊；新闻界；出版社
(　　)4.practical D．n.行为，行动
(　　)5.backwards E．adj.切实可行的，实用的
(　　)6.deed F．vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
(　　)7.hunt G．vt.简化
(　　)8.simplify H．n.缺点，短处
(　　)9.combine I．vt.&vi.组合；(使)联合
(　　)10.press J．vt.&vi.打猎，猎杀；搜寻
[答案]　1－5　FBHEA　6－10　DJGIC
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．多数情况下 B．失明　C．由于　D．作为一个整体
E．想到　F．随着时间的流逝
1．You must consider those matters as a whole.
2．In many cases，he makes final decisions.
3．Seeing the movie，he thought of his past experience.
4．As a result of the accident，his wife was killed.
5．He lost his eyesight at the age of 3.
6．Over time he lost interests in playing computer games.
[答案]　1－6　DAECBF
第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P38－39教材课文，选择最佳答案
The first passage is mainly talking about ．
A．how the Chinese characters were invented
B．how the Chinese characters have developed
C．how the Chinese characters have been influenced by Western languages
D．how the simplified Chinese characters were introduced
[答案]　B
第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P38－39教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．The main difference between the Chinese language and many Western languages should be that ．
A．Western languages are usually formed by combining and mixing many different languages from different countries
B．the characters the Chinese language uses have meanings and can work alone as words，while Western languages can't
C．the Chinese language has a longer history than Western languages
D．the Chinese language is easier to be understood than Western languages
2．From the story of Cang Jie we know the first Chinese characters were invented to represent ．
A．objects　　　　　　 B．ideas
C．actions D．pictures
3．Which is the correct explanation about the forming of the character “休”？
A．A man lying on the ground with his arms crossed.
B．A man lying against a tree.
C．A man running.
D．A tree lying beside a man.
4．Which of the following is formed with one part showing the pronunciation and the other indicating the meaning?
A．明 B．囚
C．卡 D．吓
5．In 1821 a soldier showed the students a system ．
A．using paper with small raised dots
B．of practical use
C．only used at midnight
D．widely used by the blind soldiers
[答案]　1－5　BABDA
第三步　研读——能力升华　接轨高考
根据P39教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of 1.an injury，but he never gave 2.himself (he) up.When he was ten，he 3.went (go) to a school for the blind in Paris，4.where he could read some special 5.books(book) for blind people.6.However，the system of that time was not convenient for use.In 1821，a soldier brought a new method，though it was too difficult to be of 7.practical(practice) use.Braille got 8.interested (interest) in it and decided 9.to improve(improve) it.At the age of fifteen，he created a system with patterns of six raised dots 10.representing (represent) each letter.“Braille” was thus born.
课件17张PPT。Unit 2　LanguageSection Ⅴ　Reading(Ⅱ)(Project)an himself went where books However practical interested to improve representing Thank you for watching !Section Ⅵ　Language points(Ⅲ)(Project)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．He was highly thought of because of his brave deed(行为)．
2．We human beings have our strengths as well as shortcomings(缺点)．
3．The research indicates(显示)that the prices of houses have been rising.
4．She dragged(拉)herself out of bed，still half asleep.
5．His speech followed the usual pattern(模式)．
6．It is hard to distinguish him from his twin brother.
7．Is it convenient for you to post the letter for me?
8．I represented my school at the contest and won the first prize.
9．We should not judge a person by his or her appearance．
10．He worked hard and made full preparations.Thus，he got through the exam easily.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．differ vi.相异，有区别→difference n．差别，不同→different adj.不同的，有差别的→differently adv.不同地，有差别地
2．appear vi.出现；出场→appearance n．外观，外貌
3．simplify vt.简化→simplification n．简化
4．combine vt.&vi.组合；(使)联合→combination n．组合
adj.去掉-t＋-ce→n.
n.＋-al→adj.
convenience n．方便
distance n．远方，距离
importance n．重要(性)
musical adj.音乐的
magical adj.魔幻的
national adj.国家的
verbal adj.词语的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．differ from　 和……不同，不同于
2．as a whole 作为整体，总体上
3．stand for 代表，象征
4．instead of 代替，而不是
5．turn into 变成
6．think of 想到
7．as a result of 由于
8．work on 忙于，努力改善
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Opinions on various social questions differ from person to person.
2．What do you think the five stars on the flag stand for?
3．You have made a few spelling mistakes in your composition，but it is well written as a whole．
4．The frog turned into a prince at last.
5．He attended the meeting instead of me.
如何“变成”
“v.＋of”短语
turn into
change into
transform into
think of 想到
hear of 听说
learn of 听说，获悉
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that，instead of an alphabet，it uses characters which stand for ideas，objects or deeds.
汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。
in that 意为“因为”引导原因状语从句，但不能放于句首。
She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her.
她很幸运，因为有朋友帮她。
2.Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
并非所有的汉字都是由用来描绘物体的图画发展而来的。
Not all...等同于All...not...“并非全都……”，表示部分否定。
Not all birds fly away to the south in winter.
冬天不是所有的鸟都飞往南方。
3.Therefore，a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation.
因此便出现了一种应对之策，即汉字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。
have sth.do sth.“使某物做某事”。
If you can't work out this problem，you can have your brother help you.
如果你解不出这道题，你可以让你的兄弟帮助你。
4.While the students found the soldier's idea interesting，the system was too difficult to be of practical use.
虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。
be of＋n.相当于“be＋adj.”的用法。
Basic research is of great importance in all scientific fields.
在各个科学领域里，基础研究是非常重要的。
(教材P38)The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that，instead of an alphabet，it uses characters which stand for ideas，objects or deeds.
汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。
(1)differ vi.相异，有区别
(1)differ from...(in...)　 与……(在……)不一样
differ in 在……方面不同
differ (with sb.)on/about/over sth.
(与某人)就某事意见不同
(2)difference n. 差异点，不同之处
tell the difference between A and B　
把A和B区分开来
make a difference 有影响，起作用，重要
(3)different adj. 不同的，各种各样的
be different from 与……不一样
①Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.世界上的事物千差万别。
②While the students came from different(differ) countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp.尽管学生们来自不同的国家，可是他们在夏令营相处得很好。
③He told us to consider the difference(differ) in the price as “an early wedding present”．
他告诉我们可以把房价的差价当作“提前的结婚礼物”。
(2)stand for代表，象征；主张，支持
stand by　 袖手旁观，无动于衷；支持(某人)
stand out 突出，显眼；出色，杰出
stand up for 支持，维护
④How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn't do?
你怎么能看到他被指责没做过的事而无动于衷呢？
⑤Red flags stand out brightly，setting against the blue sky.红旗在蓝天的映衬下显得分外鲜艳。
⑥The letters WTO stand for World Trade Organization.
字母WTO代表世界贸易组织。
represent vt.代表；展示，描述；声称
(教材P38)Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects.
接着他有了用不同形状代表不同物体的想法。
(1)represent...to sb.　　 向某人描绘……
represent sth./oneself as/to be 把……描绘成，自称是……
represent...to do sth. 代表……做某事
(2)representation n. 代表；描绘；陈述
representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的
n. 代表，代理人
①The rose represents love.
玫瑰花是爱情的象征。
②It is said that he represented the plan as practical.
据说他声称该计划切实可行。
③He represents himself to be(be) an expert.
他称自己是专家。
④Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way.
让我尽力用另一种方式向你陈述我的观点。
[明辨异同]　represent/stand for
represent
用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”，“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”。
stand for
往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”。
　represent，stand for
⑤“UFO” stands for Unidentified Flying Objects.
⑥He represented the headmaster at the ceremony.
⑦John，representing his family，went to the town to visit his aunt.
as a whole 作为整体，总体上；一般地说
(教材P38)However，as a whole，the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms.
然而，总体看来，汉字已从图画发展成了标准形式。
on the whole (＝generally)　 大体上，总的来说
wholly adv. 完全地，整个地
the whole of... ……的全部
①The effects will last for the whole of his life.
这些影响将贯穿他的一生。
②On the whole we have the same opinions.
大体上我们的意见是一样的。
③I wholly(whole) agree with you.
我完全同意你的话。
turn into变成，成为
(教材P38)This became one mountaintop and three lines，and over time turned into the character used nowadays.继而变成了一座山峰和三条线，随着时间的推移，最终演变成了现在使用的字形。
turn away　 把……打发走；转身
turn down 降低，减弱，调低；拒绝
turn in 交还，上交
turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn out 证明是，结果是
turn to 向……求助；转向
turn up 找到，发现；(音量)调高
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood.
结果，仅仅看看增多的绿色植物便能减少压力、降低血压并且使人们有较好的心情。
②Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
汤姆不得不拒绝上周末的晚会邀请，因为他太忙了。
③I would excitedly turn the tap on and brush the comb carefully.
我很兴奋地把水龙头打开，仔细清洗着梳子。
combine vt.&vi.组合；(使)联合；使结合；兼备
(教材P38)Sometimes to express ideas，some characters were made by combining two or more characters together.有时为了表达想法，某些汉字是由两个或多个的汉字联合起来而创造的。
(1)combine A and/with B 把A和B结合/联合
combine to do sth. 联(结)合起来做某事
combine against... 为反抗……而联合
(2)combination n． [U]联合；结合；[C]混合体，结合体
in combination with 与……联合/结合
(3)combined adj. 联合的，结合的
①We consider it necessary to combine work with rest.
我们认为劳逸结合是必要的。
②Efforts and confidence combine to make a full man.
努力与信心结合造就完人。
③He carried on the business in combination(combine) with his friends.
他与朋友们合伙做生意。
④These two companies combined against their competitors.
这两家公司联合起来反对竞争者。
[名师点津]　combine不与together连用。
distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
(教材P38)It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them，for example，the characters for ‘up’ and ‘down’，which are opposites of each other.
通过看它们的字形，很容易区别它们的意思，比如汉字“上”和“下”，其字形恰好相反。
(1)distinguish between...and... 区别/辨别……和……
distinguish...from... 使……有别于……，具
有区别于……的特征
distinguish oneself 引人注目，出名，表现突出
(2)distinguished adj. 受人尊敬的；杰出的；显著的
(3)distinguishable adj. 能分辨出来的，区别得出的
①It is hard for such a small boy to distinguish between right and wrong.
对于这样小的一个男孩来说，区分对与错很困难。
②The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.
这对孪生儿长得很像，无人能分辨出谁是谁。
③He distinguished himself (he) on several occasions in the civil war.他在内战中屡次表现突出。
④I think grey hair makes you look very distinguished(distinguish)．
我认为灰白的头发使你看上去特别可敬。
convenient adj.方便的，便利的；合适的
(教材P39)The whole system was not convenient for use.整个体系使用起来不方便。
(1)be convenient for sb./sth. 对于……是方便的
It is convenient for sb.to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是方便的
be convenient for/to sth. 离……很近
(2)convenience n. [U]便利，方便
[C]便利的事物
for convenience 为了方便起见
for the convenience of sb. 为了方便某人
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
①I'd like to see you when it is convenient for you.
在你方便的时候我想来看看你。
②The hotel is convenient for/to downtown.
这家旅馆离市中心很近。
③Is it convenient for you to pay(pay) by credit card?
用信用卡付款你方便吗？
④Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting?
你能不能在你方便时给我打电话，安排见一次面？
[名师点津]　
convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，要用事物作主语或用it来充当形式主语。
[语境助记]　
It's a great convenience to live here.At my convenience，I can visit some of my favorite museums.Shopping is convenient for my wife.It is convenient for my son to go to school，for his school is only two blocks away.If Sunday is convenient for you，be sure to come to get together.
住在这里真方便。我可以抽空去参观我所钟爱的几家博物馆。我妻子购物很方便。我儿子上学也很方便，因为距学校只有两个街区的距离。要是你周日有空，一定要来聚一聚。
(教材P38)Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
并非所有的汉字都是由用来描绘物体的图画发展而来的。
【要点提炼】　句中not all characters被译为“并非所有的汉字”，在此处表示部分否定。
(1)英语中的all，both，every，everybody，everything，complete，completely，always，whole，wholly，entirely，altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。
(2)如果要表示全部否定就要用none，no，neither等表示全部否定意义的词。
①Not all of them know the answer.
＝All of them don't know the answer.
并不是他们中所有的人都知道答案。
②Not both of them are doctors.
＝Both of them are not doctors.
他们两个并非都是医生。
③Neither of them are doctors.
他俩都不是医生。
(教材P39)While the students found the soldier's idea interesting，the system was too difficult to be of practical use.虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。
【要点提炼】　句中be of practical use属于“(be＋)of＋n.(抽象名词)”结构，相当于形容词，常用作表语或定语意为“具有，拥有……”。
(1)of＋抽象名词＝该名词相对应的形容词。如：
of(great)＝(very)
(2)of后加表示度量、种类、形状、颜色等的名词，可用来描述人或事物的特征，在句中可作表语或定语。如：
of...size/weight/height/depth/length/age/colour/shape/kind/type
①The dictionary is of great use to us.
这本词典对我们很有用。
②This is an issue of great importance to all disabled people.
这个问题对于所有残疾人至关重要。
③We don't think there is anything of interest in your pictures.
我们认为你的画并没有什么有趣的地方。
④The two boys are of the same age，but are of different (differ) heights.
这两个男孩年龄相同，但身高不同。
[名师点津]　
“of＋抽象名词”结构中，抽象名词前可用any，some，little，no，not much，great等形容词修饰，用以说明其程度；“of＋名词(表示度量、大小、颜色、类别等)”结构中，名词前常用a(n)，the same，this，that，all，different等词修饰或说明。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Your ideas are very interesting，but we need practical (practice) suggestions to get us out of the mess.
2．He'd like to combine(combine) his visit to Austria with a tour of Swiss.
3．What does “BBC” stand for?
4．I'm thinking of doing something creative in the interview to distinguish (distinguish) myself from other interviewees.
5．The performance will be great for our city and for the country as a whole.
6．There is no indication(indicate) of his recovery from the illness.
7．We were having fun，suddenly a bear appeared．
8．The teacher always simplifies (simple) his language to make himself understood by children.
9．The two roads are of the same width(wide)．
10．She'd lived in London and Manchester，but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Dialects around the world differ in each other in some ways.
第一个in→from
2．This part-time job can help students to combine their knowledge to practice.
第二个to→with
3．He is distinguished as his sense of humor.as→for
4．With a nod of his head，he indicated me where I should sit.
indicated后加to
5．It's conveniently for us to buy things from the Internet.
conveniently→convenient
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．We have plenty of time.There is no need to hurry．(there be句型)
我们有足够的时间，没有必要急。
2．I disagree with the idea in that I know it is useless and impractical.(in that)
我不同意这一观点，因为我知道它既无用又不切实际。
3．Some suggestions he made are of great use，which helped me a lot in my English.(be of＋n.)
他提的一些建议很有用，对我的英语有很大帮助。
4．Not everyone realizes the importance of saving energy.(everyone)
并非每个人都意识到了节约能源的重要性。
5．I hope you can reply to me when it is convenient for you．(convenient)
我希望你方便的时候给我回信。
课件67张PPT。Unit 2　LanguageSection Ⅵ　Language points(Ⅲ)(Project)deed shortcomings indicates dragged pattern distinguish convenient represented appearance Thus differ appearance simplify combine from as for of into of as on differ from stand for as a whole turned into instead of in that Not all have your brother help you is of great importance different difference out for to be to stands for represented representing On wholly down on combination against himself distinguished to pay at Both not Neither interest different practical to combine for to distinguish as indication appeared simplifies width neither 第一个in→from 第二个to→with as→for indicated后加to conveniently→convenient There is no need to hurry in that I know it is are of great use Not everyone it is convenient for you 点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅶ　Writing——调查报告
调查报告是为一个主题或问题下定义，收集相关资料和事实，以便尽量做到完整和精确的表达。一份报告应该包括分析、判断、结论和建议。报告应简洁、易懂、准确、逻辑性强、描述性强及针对性强，用于说明、阐述某个事物、某种观点，以说服读者。
基本结构
第一部分：对题目中所给的现象和问题做一些客观的介绍。
第二部分：分析这些数据或事实反映出的问题。
第三部分：阐述作者个人的看法和建议。
1．上周，我们在两千六百名学生中做了一个关于“谁是你的偶像”的调查。
Last week，we did a survey among 2，600 students on the “who is your idol”．
2．最近，我对班里60名同学(男女各半)进行了关于上网目的的调查。
Recently，I've conducted a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class on their purposes of surfing the Internet.
3．根据调查，80%的学生对它很满意，而15%的学生不喜欢它，5%的学生没发表意见。
According to the survey，80% of the students were quite satisfied with it，while 15% disliked it and 5% had no opinion.
4．可是，其他学生则反对这个观点，说建于1906年的北京动物园有着100多年的历史并且享誉国内外。
However，other students are against the idea，saying that the Beijing Zoo，built in 1906，has a history of 100 years，and is well-known at home and abroad.
5．我认为，托马斯·爱迪生是我的偶像，因为他的发明极大地改变了我们的生活。
As for myself，Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life.
6．总之，学生们应该被安排更多丰富多彩的、富有成效的活动。
In conclusion，students should be scheduled with more colorful and fruitful activities.
假如你是王兵，你和你的美国笔友John对中美身势语的差异做了一个简单的对比。请你根据以下表格内容完成一个关于中美身势语差异的英文调查报告，同时提醒人们在和外国朋友交际时，注意正确使用身势语。
身势语
美国
中国
身体接触
保持距离，较少接触，尤其是同性之间
身体接触较多，例如女性之间可以手拉手等
伸舌头
一种粗鲁的表现
一种尴尬的表现
拍小孩的头
给予安慰或鼓励
表示喜爱
注意：1.短文应包括表格所给的全部内容，可适当发挥；
2．词数100左右，文章开头已经为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：轻拍pat；安慰comfort
As we have more communication with foreigners，we should pay more attention to the differences in our body language.


体裁
调查报告
时态
一般现在时
主题
身势语
人称
第三人称
结构
第一段：介绍现象和问题。
第二段：描述表格中调查的事实或数据。
第三段：提出个人的观点。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．exist　　 存在
2．touching gestures 接触的姿势
3．hand in hand 手拉手地
4．put out one's tongue 伸舌头
5．embarrassed 感到尴尬的
6．pat sb.on the head 拍某人的头
7．encouragement or comfort 鼓励或安慰
8．achieve proper communication 实现合适的交流
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．我们可以从表中看出，中美两国的身势语之间存在着很多差异。
We can see from the table that there exist many differences between Chinese and American body language.
2．美国人认为伸舌头是粗鲁的行为，而中国人则在他们感到尴尬时使用这一姿势。
Americans think that it is rude to put out one's tongue，while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed．
3．如果他们喜欢孩子们，中国人则轻拍孩子们的头部而美国人这么做则是给孩子们鼓励或者安慰。
Chinese people will pat children on the head if they like them，while the Americans do so to offer encouragement or comfort．
4．总之，只有全面理解不同国家的身势语之间的差异，我们才能期待取得合适的交流。
In a word，we can expect to achieve proper communication by fully understanding all the differences in body language in different countries.
(二)句式升级
5．用as引导的定语从句改写句1
As we can see from the table，many differences exist between Chinese and American body language.
6．用it作形式宾语改写句2
Americans think it rude to put out one's tongue，while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed.
7．用倒装句改写句4
In a word，only by fully understanding all the differences in body language in different countries can we expect to achieve proper communication.





【参考范文】
As we have more communication with foreigners，we should pay more attention to the differences in our body language.
As we can see from the table，many differences exist between Chinese and American body language.For example，there are more touching gestures in China than in America.Women or girls in China often walk hand in hand，which is very rare in America.Also，Americans think it rude to put out one's tongue，while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed.Furthermore，Chinese people will pat children on the head if they like them，while the Americans do so to offer encouragement or comfort.
In a word，only by fully understanding all the differences in body language in different countries can we expect to achieve proper communication.
课件29张PPT。Unit 2　LanguageSection Ⅶ　Writing——调查报告exist
touching gestures
hand in hand
put out one's tongueembarrassed
pat sb.on the head
encouragement or comfort
achieve proper communicationthere exist many differences it is rude to put out one's tongue when they are embarrassed pat children on the head to offer encouragement or comfort we can expect to achieve proper communication by fully understanding all the differencesAs we can see from the table，many differences exist between Chinese and American body language.Americans think it rude to put out one's tongue，while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed.In a word，only by fully understanding all the differences in body language in different countries can we expect to achieve proper communication.点击右图进入…点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时分层作业(四)　Section Ⅰ、Ⅱ
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He made a contribution(contribute) to the success of the project.
2．The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggests that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise(raise) awareness of the risks of smoking.
3．This island was named(name) after its discoverer.
4．How many players does a basketball team consist of ?
5．Aside from physical problems，these patients also show a lot of hostility.
6．A good teacher can take control of his/her class.
7．The cost of living in Glasgow is the lowest in Britain，while the quality of life is probably the highest.
8．Many people expect that paper money will eventually be replaced(replace) by credit cards for almost every purchase.
9．It is sleeping late in the morning that leads to being(be) late for work.
10．The teacher wants us to write a poem in English，which can be made(make) up of four，five or seven lines.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Look over there—there's a very long，winding path leads to the house.
leads→leading
2．Mainly being made up of several top players of the USA，the Chicago Bulls could beat any other team.去掉being
3．He had to rise his voice in order to be heard.rise→raise
4．John is ill and Jack is going to replace for him to keep goal.去掉for
5．Much of my time is spent by taking extra courses outside the class.
去掉by或by→in或spent→occupied
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
French writer Frantz Fanon once said: “To speak a language is to take on a world，a culture.” Since the world changes every day，so does our language.
More than 300 new words and phrases have recently made it into the Oxford Dictionary Online，and in one way or another they are all reflections of today's changing world.
After a year that was politically unstable，it's not hard to understand the fact that people's political views are one of the main drives of our expanding vocabulary.One example is “clicktivism”，a compound of “click” and “activism”．It refers to “armchair activists”—people who support a political or social cause，but only show their support from behind a computer or smart phone.
“We had all the words around Brexit (脱欧) in the last update and we are now starting to see all the words around Trump coming into the dictionary，” Angus Stevenson，Oxford Dictionaries' head of content development，told The Guardian.
Lifestyle is also changing our language.For example，“fitspiration”—a compound of fit and inspiration—refers to a person or thing that encourages one to exercise and stay fit and healthy.The phrase “climate refugee”—someone who is forced to leave their home due to climate change—reflects people's concern for the environment.
According to Stevenson，social media was the main source for the new expressions “People feel much freer to coin their own words these days.” he said.
But still，not all newly-invented words get the chance to make their way into a mainstream dictionary.If you want to create your own hit words，Angus Stevenson suggests that you should not only make sure that they are expressive and meaningful，but also have an attractive sound so that people will enjoy saying them out loud.
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了语言反映了世界和文化，而我们的生活也在改变着语言，产生新的词汇。很多新单词和短语也被收录进牛津词典，它们反映了当今世界的变化。然而与此同时，生活方式也在改变着我们的语言。越来越多有表现力的词语出现，并给我们的生活带来一定的影响。
1．Why does the author mention Brexit and Trump?
A．To explain the origin of the word “clicktivism”．
B．To show the influences of current affairs on the English language.
C．To highlight two major political events that changed the world.
D．To explain what kind of new words can make it into a dictionary.
B　[细节理解题。由文中第四段的“We had all the words around Brexit(脱欧) in the last update and we are now starting to see all the words around Trump coming into the dictionary，”可知，词典中也能看到很多关于英国脱欧和特朗普有关的词语，也就是说英国脱欧和特朗普这些当下的时政对语言有着一定的影响，故B选项正确。]
2．The underlined word “coin” in the sixth paragraph probably means ．
A．use　　　　 B．record
C．change D．create
D　[词义猜测题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述的是人们在实践生活中创造出了许多新单词，并且最后一段运用了“But still，not all newly-invented words get the chance to make their way into a mainstream dictionary.”说明，不是所有新单词都会进入主流词典。并且本句的前一句提到“social media was the main source for the new expressions.”可知，社交媒体是新的表达方式的来源，由此可以推测此句应和新词的“发明”有关。故D选项正确。]
3．According to Stevenson，what kinds of new-invented words are more likely to be accepted by a mainstream dictionary?
A．Words that have unique meanings.
B．Words that reflect the changing world.
C．Words that are easy to remember.
D．Words that are meaningful，expressive and attractive.
D　[细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“suggests that you should not only make sure that they are expressive and meaningful，but also have an attractive sound so that people will enjoy saying them out loud.”可知，具有表现力的意义丰富并且吸人眼球的新词汇才会被更多人运用。故D选项正确。]
4．What is the article mainly about?
A．New words and phrases into the Oxford Dictionary Online.
B．The application of new words and phrases.
C．New words and phrases in polities.
D．The influence of social media on our language.
A　[主旨大意题。文章从第二段开始讲述很多新单词和短语被收录进牛津词典，并说明了一些新词所代表的现象和背后产生的原因。故A选项正确。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability，money，and time. 1 Money is a topic I'll discuss another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：
Think ahead.
The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook？Do you have the right materials already？ 2
Make your time worth it.
When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？ 3 It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.
4
This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking is to try new things.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a good start. 5 And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A．Try new things.
B．Ability is easily improved.
C．Make three or four instead.
D．Understand your food better.
E．Cooking is a burden for many people.
F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
【语篇解读】　本文提出了如何在紧张的时间内抽出时间来自己做饭的三个建议。
1．B　[考查上下文的理解能力。根据上文“From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often：ability，money and time.”和下文“Money is a topic I'll discuss another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.”可知，根据我的经验，人们不经常做饭的三个主要原因是：能力、金钱和时间。钱的问题我改天说，今天我想给你们一些关于如何充分利用你在厨房的时间的聪明做法。因此推断B项“能力很容易提高”与上下文一致。故选B。]
2．G　[考查上下文的理解力。根据上文“So think ahead of the coming week.”可知，提前一周想好，在有空的时候准备好食材。因此推断G项“提前用一点儿时间来规划未来可以节省以后的很多工作”与上下文一致。故选G。]
3．C　[考查上下文的理解能力。根据段落标题“Make your time worth it.”可知让时间用得值。因此推断做面包时，做三、四个而不是一个，可以给自己节省以后的时间，做一个和做三、四个面包所花费的时间差不多。故选C。]
4．A　[考查段落大意。本段讲述要敢于尝试，这样才会引起自己的食欲，才可以使自己用在做饭上的时间和努力值得。学得越多，尝试越多，控制食材和时间的能力就会越强。因此推断此段建议要尝试新事物。故选A。]
5．F　[考查上下文的理解能力。根据空格上下文可知，希望这些建议能给你一个良好的开端。不要让繁忙的日程打消你为了吃饭和生活所做的一些大变化！因此推断F项“让烹饪和生活成为一种快乐，而不是负担”与上下文一致。故选F。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
A young man wanted to find a job after 1.finishing(finish) school.One day he came to a big company for it.There were six young people that day 2.but the company only wanted one.The interview was very easy.It was only a five 3.minutes' (minute) short talk.Then the six young people all went home.
On the morning of the 4.third(three) day，the young man got a text message.It 5.said(say)，“We are sorry to tell you that you cannot work in our company.”
The young man felt very sad，but he answered 6.politely(polite)，“Thank you all the same.”Later that afternoon，the young man got another text message saying，“We are glad 7.to tell(tell) you that you can be one of us！”
The young man didn't know why.People 8.in the company told him，“That's because of 9.the same message in the morning.Only you said ‘Thank you’．That was the real test，and only you gave the right answer.”
When you feel 10.disappointed(disappoint)，do not forget to say “Thank you” to the one who disappoints you.
课时分层作业(五)　Section Ⅲ、Ⅳ
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It's agreed that the traffic accident was largely due to the driver's carelessness.
2．I think it is good if they banned smoking(smoke) in restaurants and cafés as well.
3．I've come to the conclusion(conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.
4．So far as English composition is concerned(concern)，practice is the best way.
5．It is no use talking (talk) your trouble to a man like him.
6．Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed(embarrass)?
7．—Shall we go to the art exhibition right away?
—It's all up to you.
8．If I had (have) money，I would lend you.
9．She left out an “m” in “accommodation”．
10．Her behaviour last night was completely out of character.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(where)
直到今天我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
2．If I were you，I would accept his apology.(虚拟语气)
如果我是你，我就接受他的道歉。
3．Doing/Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.(v.-ing分词)
每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康。
4．I want to know what he has told you．(what)
我想知道他告诉了你什么。
5．It's said that the new film is well received.(it)
据说这部新影片很受欢迎。
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Learning English well is a great challenge，but with the help from technology(技术)it can be as easy as a piece of cake.
As well as the classroom，teachers and textbooks，the Internet，TV and radio programs can play an active role in helping learn English.The Internet is full of rich and up-to-date information.English learners might wish to try http：//www.inenglish.com.cn.It provides cultural information about Britain.
Another useful website for middle school students and teachers is：Besides reading 21st Century School Edition online，students are also invited to put their views on different topics up on the website.
Compared with the Internet，TV programs have their own advantages(优点): one does not have to sit at a computer and one can hear and watch the programs much better.
One popular English-learning program is called “Modern English”．This focuses on spoken English in practical situations such as taking photos and shopping.
If you watch Beijing Television Channel 8，you might see a program titled “Study Abroad”．Cartoons are used to explain how to use the word in daily life.Listening to the radio may not be a new way to learn English but it is easy.
China Radio International airs a program called “Studio Classroom” at 6：30 a．m.every day.This 25-minute program is aimed at middle school students and covers subjects from current news to travel and history，all in simple language.
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍网站、电台、电视频道等方式来学习英语，以表明学习英语在科学技术的帮助下可以是小菜一碟。
1．The author wants the readers to know that learning English ．
A．is very difficult for us
B．is very easy for us
C．is neither easy nor difficult
D．can be much easier with the help of technology
D　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Learning English well is a great challenge，but with the help from technology(技术)it can be as easy as a piece of cake.”学好英语是一个巨大的挑战，但是在技术的帮助下，也可以是小菜一碟。故选D。]
2. One can practise spoken English in everyday situations in ．
A．Studio Classroom
B．21st Century School Edition
C．Study Abroad
D．Modern English
D　[细节理解题。根据题目中的“practise spoken English in everyday situations”每天都有练习口语的情况，可在文中倒数第三段找到相应的语段“This focuses on spoken English in practical situations such as taking photos and shopping.”这个专注于在实际情况的口语练习比如拍照逛街等。故选D。]
3．According to the author，TV programs are better than programs on the Internet because they ．
A. can let you hear and watch the programs much better
B．cost you nothing
C．have more English passages
D．have English courses whenever you need them
A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“one does not have to sit at a computer and one can hear and watch the programs much better” 电视节目的好处，一是不用坐在一台电脑面前，二是能够更好地听和看节目。故选A。]
4．What's the main idea of this passage?
A. It introduces some websites of learning English.
B．It introduces some TV and radio programs of learning English.
C．It gives suggestions on learning English in modern ways.
D．It explains different English courses.
C　[主旨大意题。根据文章第一段即可知，作者想通过介绍网站、电台、电视频道等方式来学习英语，以表明学习英语在科学技术的帮助下可以是小菜一碟。故选C。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
I used to be a very self-centered person，but in the past two years I have really changed.I have started to think about other people 1 I think about myself.I am happy that I am becoming a 2 person.
I think my 3 started when I was at Palomar College.At first，I just wanted to get my 4 and be left alone.I thought I was smarter than everyone else，so I hardly ever 5 to anyone in my class.By the end of my first semester，I was really 6 ．It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.So I tried a(n) 7 ．I started asking people around me how they were doing，and if they were having trouble I 8 to help.That was really a big 9 for me.By the end of the year，I had several new friends，and two of 10 are still my best friends today.
A bigger cause of my new 11 ，however，came when I took a part-time job at Vista Nursing Home.One old lady there who had Alzheimer's disease(阿尔茨海默病) became my 12 ．Every time I came into her room，she was so 13 because she thought I was her daughter.Her real daughter never 14 her，so I took her place.She let me 15 that making others feel good made me feel good too.When she died，I was 16 ，but I was also very grateful to her.
I think I am a much 17 person today than I used to be，and I hope I will not 18 these experiences.They have 19 me to care about other people more than about myself.I 20 who I am today，and I could not say that a few years ago.
【语篇解读】　 作者以前是一个以自我为中心的人，但是从一些经历中作者学会了如何关心别人。
1．A.since　　　　 B．before
C．or D．unless
B　[作者以前是一个以自我为中心的人，但是在过去的两年中作者变了，开始在考虑自己之前先考虑别人，故选B。]
2．A.famous B．simple
C．different D．skilled
C　[作者以前以自我为中心，现在知道为别人考虑了，所以作者与以前的自己不一样了，故选C。]
3．A.education B．career
C．tour D．change
D　[根据下文可知，作者通过回顾以往的经历来说明自己是何时开始改变的，故选D。]
4．A.balance B．homework
C．degree D．interest
C　[根据上文中的“Palomar College”和动词“get”可知，此处应选degree，degree意为“学位”。]
5．A.talked B．wrote
C．lied D．reported
A　[作者自以为比其他任何人都聪明，所以几乎不与班里的任何人“交谈”。]
6．A.careful B．lonely
C．curious D．guilty
B　[根据下文中的“It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.”可知，作者没交到朋友，所以感到“孤独”。]
7．A.argument B．game
C．experiment D．defence
C　[作者感到孤独，所以就开始尝试一个试验。根据语境可知应填experiment。]
8．A.dared B．offered
C．hesitated D．happened
B　[作者开始询问周围的人，如果谁有困难，作者就会主动提供帮助。offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事”。]
9．A.dream B．problem
C．duty D．step
D　[作者以前几乎不和班里的任何人交流，现在却主动询问别人并提供帮助，这对作者来说是迈出了一大“步”，故选D。]
10．A.us B．which
C．them D．whom
C　[分析语境和句子结构可知，空处用来指代前面的“several new friends”，故选C项。]
11．A.attitude B．hobby
C．hope D．luck
A　[作者从几乎不和班里的任何人交流到主动询问别人并提供帮助，是“态度”的转变。]
12．A.friend B．partner
C．guide D．guest
A　[根据下文可知，这位老太太把作者当成自己的女儿，她使作者明白让别人感觉好也会使自己感觉好，作者把她当成了“朋友”。]
13．A.polite B．happy
C．strange D．confident
B　[由于老太太把作者当成自己的女儿，所以她见到作者很“高兴”。]
14．A.bothered B．answered
C．visited D．trusted
C　[根据下文中的“so I took her place”可知，老太太的女儿从未来“看望”过她。]
15．A.explain B．guess
C．declare D．see
D　[老太太让作者明白了让别人开心也可以使自己开心。A、B、C三项的意思分别是“解释”“猜测”和“宣布”，都不符合语境。]
16．A.homeless B．heartbroken
C．bad-tempered D．hopeless
B　[老太太把作者当成自己的女儿，作者也把老太太当成朋友，所以老太太去世时，作者很“伤心”。]
17．A.quieter B．busier
C．better D．richer
C　[作者以前只知道为自己考虑，现在知道关心别人了，所以同以前相比，作者“更好”了。]
18．A.forget B．face
C．improve D．analyze
A　[作者希望自己不会“忘记”这些经历。B、C、D三项的意思分别是“面对”“改善”和“分析”，都不符合语境。]
19．A.forced B．preferred
C．ordered D．taught
D　[这些经历“教会”作者去关心他人多于关心自己。]
20．A.miss B．like
C．wonder D．expect
B　[作者喜欢现在的自己，like意为“喜欢”。A、C、D三项的意思分别是“想念”“想知道”和“期望”，都不符合语境。]
课时分层作业(六)　Section Ⅴ、Ⅵ
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We need practical (practice) suggestions to get us out of the mess.
2．The young pianist stands out among the music circle and is well received by the audience.
3．Your advice is of great importance (important) to me.
4．There's not much difference (differ) in price between the two computers.
5．She distinguished herself (her) as an African American lawyer.
6．The manager will drop in at your house at his convenience.
7．His face gave no indication (indicate) of discontent.
8．A boy called (call) Tom is waiting for you at the school gate.
9．I'm told that the coming trip will combine(combine) business with pleasure.
10．They produced two reports，but neither contained any useful suggestions.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Her grandparents asked her to go and see them whenever she is convenient.
she→it
2．Good families are much to all their members，but something to none.
something→everything
3．After several rounds of competition，the little girl was stood out because of her excellent English.去掉was
4．On a whole，what you said agreed with the answer on the book.a→the
5．Children need friends to their own age to play with.第一个to→of
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“Self” can be added to many words to make new words.Self-awareness means you recognize both your good points and bad points.Self-aware people understand that what they say and do affects the people around them.
Self-conscious (害羞的) means you are nervous about what other people think of you.You are not self-confident around others.
Self-employed people are people who work for themselves.They are their own bosses.But people who are self-serving only think of their own needs.
Self-preservation is a good thing.You have to depend on yourself to survive.However，self-pity is not a good thing to have.Nobody likes to be around people who always feel sorry for themselves.
If you are unable to make a decision，people could say to you，“Suit yourself.”This expression is a response (答复) when someone doesn't really care what you do.It means to do as you please or have it your way!
Some expressions using the word “self” can sound strange.For example，the saying “to be beside yourself”．To many people，this might sound like you are having an out-of-body experience.But “to be beside yourself” means to be affected by a strong negative emotion，like anger or sadness.
Another unusual-sounding expression is to be “full of yourself”．This means that you think so highly of yourself，and there is no room for anyone else.If you are full of yourself，you might think that you are the greatest thing in the world.If you are full of yourself，you may need to get over yourself.“To get over yourself” may sound like a difficult physical exercise.But it only means that you need to think of someone else other than yourself.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了与self相关的一些英语单词及短语。
1．Which of the following words can describe a person who only works for himself/herself?
A．Self-aware.　　　 B．Self-serving.
C．Self-confident. D．Self-employed.
D　[细节理解题。根据第三段“Self-employed people are people who work for themselves.”可知，个体经营的人为自己工作。]
2．If you say someone is self-preservation，he/she may ．
A．feel sorry for himself/herself
B．think too highly of himself/herself
C．depend on himself/herself to survive
D．think of someone other than himself/herself
C　[细节理解题。根据第四段“Self-preservation is a good thing.You have to depend on yourself to survive.”可知，自我保护的人依靠自己生存。]
3．We can know from the passage that ．
A．self-pity is a good thing to have
B．some expressions of self sound strange
C．“to get over yourself” is a kind of physical exercise
D．“full of yourself” means thinking of other people's needs
B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Some expressions using the word‘self’can sound strange.”和最后一段“Another unusual-sounding expression is to be‘full of yourself’．”可知，一些带有self的表达是很奇怪的。]
4．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The real meaning of the word “self”．
B．Best ways to learn English expressions well.
C．How to express your real emotions.
D．Some English expressions about “self”．
D　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了与self相关的一些英语单词及短语。]
B
Towards the end of Middle English，a sudden change in pronunciation started，with vowels (元音) being pronounced shorter and shorter.From the 16th century the British had contact (接触) with many people from around the world.This meant that lots of new vocabulary entered the language.The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print.Books became cheaper and more people learned to read.Spelling and grammar became fixed，and the dialect of London became the standard.In 1604 the first English dictionary came out.
Early Modern English and Late Modern English are mostly different in the number of words.Late Modern English has many more words，mainly because of the following two reasons: First，the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) led to the need for new words.Second，the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth's surface，and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.
From around 1600，the English colonization (殖民地化) of North America led to American English.Some English pronunciations and words “froze” when they reached America.In some ways，American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English.Some expressions that are called “American English” are in fact from British expressions.They were kept in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain.Spanish also had an influence (影响) on American English.For example，words like canyon，ranch，stampede and vigilante are from Spanish.They entered English by the people of Spain who settled in the American West.French words and West African words also influenced American English.
Today，American English has a greater influence，because of the USA's movies，television，popular music，trade and technology.
【语篇解读】　本文着重讲述了在几个不同的国家，英语存在着很大的差异，并分析了具体的原因。
5．The main difference between Early and Late Modern English lies in ．
A．vocabulary　　　 B．pronunciation
C．spelling D．grammar
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Early Modern English and Late Modern English are mostly different in the number of words.”可知早期现代英语和晚期现代英语主要的不同在于词汇。故选A。]
6．What helped to increase the vocabulary of Late Modern English?
a．the invention of printing
b．the Industrial Revolution
c．the colonization
d．the contact with other countries
A．a，b，c B．a，c，d
C．a，b，d D．b，c，d
D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“First，the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) led to the need for new words.Second，the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth's surface，and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.”可知有助于增加晚期现代英语词汇的有：工业革命、殖民地、和其他国家的接触。故选D。]
7．From the passage，we can learn the word “canyon” is from ．
A．American dialect B．African dialect
C．Spanish D．French
C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“For example，words like canyon，ranch，stampede and vigilante are from Spanish.”可知“canyon”这个词是来自于西班牙语。故选C。]
8．The third paragraph mainly talks about ．
A. English colonies in North America
B．the development of American English
C．other languages' influence on American English
D．the difference between American English and British English
B　[段落大意题。根据第三段的句子“From around 1600，the English colonization (殖民地化) of North America led to American English.”可知这段主要介绍美式英语的发展。故选B。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
I just come back from Britain last week.I was luckily enough to be one of the student from different countries to visit the UK from February 16th to February 28th.We visited many places，like London，Oxford or the Lake District.I learned much about British culture and history of London，which was my favorite.I also liked Oxford，in which I saw much old buildings.The Lake District was beautiful，but it was a pity what it rained heavily when they were there.The most excited thing for me in the Britain was that I made a lot of friends there.
[答案]
I just back from Britain last week.I was enough to be one of the from different countries to visit the UK from February 16th to February 28th.We visited many places，like London，Oxford the Lake District.I learned much about British culture and history of London，which was my favorite.I also liked Oxford，in which I saw old buildings.The Lake District was beautiful，but it was a pity it rained heavily when were there.The most thing for me in Britain was that I made a lot of friends there.