人教版英语初中九年级下册知识讲解，巩固练习（教学资料，补习资料）：Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth! Grammar（含答案解析）

Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!
一、现在进行时
1. 概念：表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为或表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
2. 结构：现在进行时常有三种句型：
（1）肯定式：主语＋be＋v-ing＋其他。
He is mending his bike. 他正在修自行车。
（2）否定式：主语＋be＋not＋v-ing＋其他。
He is not（isn’t）mending his bike. 他没在修自行车。
（3）疑问式：主要分一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两种句式。
①一般疑问句：Be＋主语＋v-ing＋其他?
—Is he mending his bike? 他正在修自行车吗？
—Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
②特殊疑问句：疑问词＋be＋主语＋v-ing＋其他？
What is he doing? 他正在干什么？
3. 常用的时间状语有：now，at the moment，right now，these days等。在句首出现look或listen时，也可以判断出后面的句子用现在进行时。
She is watching TV now. 她现在正在看电视。
Listen! Who’s singing in the classroom? 听！谁正在教室里唱歌？
二、现在完成时
1. 概念：表示过去发生或已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，可以和already，yet，just连用。
2. 构成：助动词have / has +过去分词。
I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片寄了。（照片已不在我这儿了）
—Have you had your lunch yet? 你已经吃过午饭了？
—Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，我吃了。我刚刚吃的。（现在不饿了）
3. 常用的时间状语：①already，yet，just，ever，never，before；②this morning（week，month...），today，now；③up to now，till now，so far，in the past few（two，three...）years等。
4. 延续性动词与非延续性动词
现在完成时中非延续性动词不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。此时应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词，转换情况可见下表：
非延续性动词（短语）
延续性动词（短语）
例句
borrow
keep
He has been away for a week. 他离开有一周了。
How long have you kept the book? 你借这本书多长时间了？
buy
have
die
be dead
get (to)
be (in)
leave
be away
become
be
fall asleep
be asleep
begin
be on
go out
be out
join
be a member of
put on
wear
【注意】在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
I haven’t borrowed a book for a long time. 我好长时间没借过书了。
5. 现在完成时的三个固定结构：
（1）have / has been to表示某人曾经去过某地，现在已不在某地。可以和表示次数的单词或短语连用，如once，twice，three times等。
I have been to the USA twice. 我去过美国两次。
（2）have / has gone to表示某人去某地了，可能在途中，也可能到了那里，总之不在说话处。
—Where’s Jim? 吉姆在哪里？
—He has gone to the library. 他去图书馆了。
（3）have / has been in表示某人在某地待了一段时间，经常与＂for+一段时间＂连用。
We have been in this city for three years. 我们在这个城市待了三年了。
三、被动语态
主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。
1. 基本结构：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词
2. 主动语态与被动语态之间的转换
We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态

That factory was visited by us last summer. 被动语态

【巧记口诀】
主动语态变被动语态口诀
宾语提前主语变，
原主变宾by后见，
时态人称be关键。
【易错提醒】把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
3. 感官动词（hear，see，watch等）或使役动词（make，let等）在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不带to，
但在变为被动语态时必须使用to。
make somebody do something → somebody + be + made to do something
see somebody do something → somebody + be + seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. 一个女孩经过的时候看见我的钱包掉了。
→ My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
一、单项选择。
1.（2018﹒北京中考）Please don’t make so much noise. The baby____________ now.
A. sleeps B. slept C. will sleep D. is sleeping
2.（2019﹒福建厦门中考）— It’s the second time I came to Xiamen. It ____________ a lot.
—Yes, it’s more and more beautiful.
A. was changing B. has changed C. will change
3.（2019﹒云南昆明中考）Look! A dog____________ a blind man across the road.
A. leads B. lead C. is leading D. led
4.（2019﹒北京中考）It’s nice to see you again. We____________ each other since 2014.
A. won’t see B. don’t see C. haven’t seen D. didn’t see
5.（2018﹒贵州黔东南州中考）—Hurry up! We____________ for you at the gate.
—I’m sorry. I’m coming soon.
A. wait B. will wait C. have been waited D. are waiting
6.（2019﹒贵州黔南州中考）Nancy____________ for five years.
A. was dying B. has died C. died D. has been dead
7.（2018﹒江苏徐州中考）When you are home, give me a call to let me know you____________ safely.
A. arrived B. have arrived C. will arrive D. are arriving
8.（2018﹒山东菏泽中考）When you go abroad, you’ll find that so many products in local shops____________ in China.
A. make B. have made C. are made
9.（2019﹒湖北黄冈中考）—Where are you going, Bob?
—To go hiking. Eric____________ for me at the school gate!
A. was waiting B. waits C. waited D. is waiting
10.（2019﹒湖北黄冈中考）—How do you like Treasure Island, Lucy？
—It’s so exciting that I____________ it twice.
A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read
11.（2019﹒黑龙江龙东中考）Though she often makes her little brother____________, she was made____________ by him this morning.
A. cry；to cry B. to cry；cry C. cry；cry
12.（2016﹒湖北黄石中考）This museum____________ here for over 80 years. It____________ one of the oldest buildings in this city.
A. is；was B. had been；is
C. was；has been D. has been；is
二、阅读理解。
A
Junior school students in Harbin, Heilongjiang, had a＂long weekend＂. They had four days off from Oct. 19 to Oct. 22. It was not for any festival, but was caused by serious smog.
The smog was caused by high levels of PM 2.5 in the air.
PM 2.5 is small particles(微粒) of pollution in the air with a diameter(直径)of 2.5 micrometers or less. Waste gas from cars and factories is the biggest cause of PM 2.5 pollution. On Oct. 17, the World Health Organization named air pollution a cause of cancer.
To better protect children, cities are taking action.
On Oct. 21, Harbin Education Bureau decided to close primary and junior high schools for two days.
Beijing started a program on Oct. 22 which has a warning system with four levels. The red warning is the highest warning level. It means that the next three days will see serious pollution.
When a red warning is issued(发布), schools will be closed for a few days.
If there’s pollution that’s not so serious, the Beijing Commission of Education will not ask schools to stop PE classes and outdoor activities.
How will students be informed?
＂First, the Commission of Education will inform schools online, ＂Ye Yan, head of Beijing Shijingshanqu Experimental Primary School. told Beijing Times. ＂Then teachers will text students’parents. ＂
Will the days off affect the study plan?
＂Missing school days will be made up during the summer or winter vacations,＂said Wang Hao, a physical education teacher in Beijing Chaoyang District.
For students in Harbin who had the long weekend, they would go to school on the next two Saturdays.
1. Why did students in Harbin have a long weekend?
A. Because the weather was extremely cold.
B. Because a special festival came.
C. Because the winter vacation began.
D. Because there happened serious smog.
2. Which of the following is TRUE about PM 2.5?
A. It makes water polluted.
B. People can see it with eyes.
C. It only comes from factories.
D. It can cause serious diseases.
3. When a red warning is issued in Beijing, what will happen?
A. All of the work will be stopped.
B. People aren’t allowed to go outside.
C. Schools will be closed for a few days.
D. Air pollution will be seen in a few weeks.
4. What does the underlined word＂text＂mean in Chinese?
A. 写信 B. 发信息 C. 写文章 D. 发邮件
5. What is the reading mainly about?
A. What PM 2.5 is made up of.
B. How people right against air pollution.
C. What influence the smog brings to schools.
D. How schools deal with the missing school days.
B
What does it mean to be green? ＂Green＂is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment—the water, the land, and the air we breathe. Why green? Plants are green, and without them the earth wouldn’t be such a lovely home for us human beings.
Sometimes people call ours a ＂throw—away society＂. That means we are always throwing away old things and buying new ones. Many times, if you no longer need something, someone else just might need it. For example, if your brother is old enough not to play with his plastic bike, why not give it to another family who has a little kid so that they don’t need to buy one? And one less large plastic toy doesn’t need to be produced.
Recycling(回收利用) has never been easier. Many organizations will pick it up right in front of your house and some towns even require(要求) it. Tell your mom or dad you want to become＂Chief of Recycling＂for your family. Now that you know what things you can recycle, find a place to keep them. Make sure you encourage everyone in your house to think whether things can be reused or recycled before they’re thrown away.
Almost everyone likes traveling. But next time before you travel around the world, take a look at your own backyard. Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden? If so, get there and get your hands dirty. Then you can watch with pride as your tree takes root, and your garden plants grow into big plants full of ripe, red tomatoes or tiny, juicy blueberries. Who knew being green would taste so good?
6. In the first paragraph, the writer introduces the topic of the passage by ________.
A. telling an interesting story
B. explaining the word＂green＂
C. giving some special examples
7. In a＂throw－away＂society, ________.
A. people shouldn’t produce any plastic things
B. people can get anything they want from others
C. people always throw away the used things and buy new ones
8. To be＂Chief of Recycling＂, you should ________.
A. recycle things all by yourself
B. ask your family to use the old things all the time
C. find a place to keep the things that can be recycled
9. You are advised to run a fruit or vegetable garden in order to ________.
A. creat a green environment
B. make a lot of money
C. get your hands dirty
10. The purpose of the passage is to tell us that ________.
A. we must enjoy nature
B. we had better eat more green food
C. we should protect our environment
参考答案
一、单项选择。
1. D 【解析】句意：请不要发出那么多噪音。那个婴儿现在正在睡觉。根据时间副词now可知此处用现在进行时is sleeping，故选D。
2. B 【解析】句意：——这是我第二次来厦门。它已经变了很多。——是的，它越来越漂亮了。根据Yes, it’s more and more beautiful.可知此处描述厦门现在的情况，故用现在完成时，故选B。
3. C 【解析】句意：看！一条狗在引导一位盲人过马路。A. leads第三人称单数的一般现在时形式；B. lead非第三人称单数的一般现在时形式；C. is leading现在进行时形式；D. led一般过去时形式。看得到，说明动作正在发生，句子用现在进行时态。故选C。
4. C 【解析】句意：很高兴再次见到你。自从2014年我们彼此没有见过。根据时间状语since 2014可知此处用现在完成时have done，故选C。
5. D 【解析】句意：——赶快！我们在门口等你。——对不起，我很快就来。A. wait一般现在时态形式；B. will wait一般将来时态形式；C. have been waited现在完成时态的被动语态形式；D. are waiting现在进行时态形式。催促赶快，因为正在外面等，句子用现在进行时态。故选D。
6. D 【解析】句意：南希去世五年了。A.was dying过去进行时态；B.has died现在完成时态；C.died一般过去时态；D.has been dead现在完成时态。句子强调的是过去开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在，句子用现在完成时态；die是一个非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语for…连用，用成be dead。故选D。
8. C 【解析】句意：当你去国外时，你会在当地商店里看到那么多中国制造的商品。主语products是谓语动词make的承受者，句子用被动语态，故选C。
9. D 【解析】句意：——鲍勃，你要去哪里？——去徒步旅行。埃里克正在校门口等着我。根据Where are you going，Bob?可知他要出发，因此埃里克正在等着他，因此用现在进行时is waiting，故选D。
10. B 【解析】句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，此处要用现在完成时，故为have read，选B。
11. A 【解析】句意：虽然她经常使他的弟弟哭，但是今天早上她被他弄哭了。使某人做某事：make sb do sth（后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语），在变为被动语态时，要用带to的不定式，即：be made to do sth。故选A。
12. D 【解析】句意：博物馆在这儿有八十多年了。它是这座城市最古老的建筑之一。前句表示从过去一直延续到现在的状态，用现在完成时态；后句表示的是现在的状态，用一般现在时态。故选D。
二、阅读理解。
A
1. D【解析】由第一段中的＂It was not for any festival，but was caused by serious smog. ＂可知答案为D。
2. D【解析】通读第三段可推断，选项D是正确的描述。
3. C【解析】由文章中的＂When a red warning is issued，schools will close. ＂可知答案为C。
4. B【解析】结合上下文描述可知，然后老师会给学生家长发信息。故答案为B。
5. C【解析】通读全文可知，本文讲述了雾霾对学校带来的影响。故答案为C。
B
6. B【解析】通读第一段可知，本段解释了green的含义。故答案为B。
8. C【解析】由第三段中的＂Now that you know what things you can recycle，find a place to keep them. ＂以及其后的描述可知答案为C。
9. A【解析】在第四段中的＂Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden?＂可推断，建议种植一片果园或菜园是为了创建一个绿色的环境。故答案为A。
10. C【解析】通读全文可知，本文教育我们要保护环境。故答案为C。