(共70张PPT)
【精选专题课件】中考英语专题九
动词、动词短语的知识点、考点与经典高频考题专题精讲
(超全精编版)
本节课程在本学科中的地位
通过学习本章的知识点讲解及经典例题讲解,再通过典型考题的巩固,意在让学生掌握动词的分类,掌握动词短语的辨析,掌握近义动词及动词短语的不同含义,并能在实践中加以区分,以便提高综合运用能力,增强学习的信心。
课程介绍
教学目标
动词、动词短语
动词、动词短语
动词的分类
动词的分类
实义动词
She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
及物动词:能直接跟宾语
不及物动词:不能直接跟宾语
He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
及物动词and不及物动词
1. 单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如:accept接受;discover发现;enjoy享受;forget忘记;borrow借入;buy买;catch抓;invent发明;found建造;like喜欢;find寻找;forget忘记;receive接受;see看见;say说;show展示;make做;tell告诉等。
I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起,我忘了你的地址。
2. 双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如:give给;buy买;pay付款;hand递;read读;return返还;sell卖等。
I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。
3. 接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如:believe相信;find发现;hear听见,听说;keep保持;make使得;see看见等。
They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。
5. 接不定式作宾语的动词:如agree同意;decide决定,下决心;hope希望;refuse拒绝;manage设法等。
Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
4. 接动名词作宾语的动词:如advise建议;consider考虑;finish完成;imagine想象;practise练习;suggest建议等。
She practises playing the piano every day.
她每天都练习弹钢琴。
及物动词——知识拓展
及物动词--知识拓展
不及物动词——知识拓展
常见的不及物动词:ache疼痛;appear出现;arise出现,上升,起立;arrive到达;belong属于;care关心;come来;cough咳嗽;cry哭;die死亡;disappear消失;exist存在,生存;faint昏倒,变得微弱;fall落下;flow流动;go去;happen发生;laugh笑;lie躺;listen听;live生活,居住;look看;occur发生;rise上升,起立;sit坐;smile微笑;swim游泳。
不及物动词--知识拓展
连系动词
连系动词
解析:问句中的a science museum 为建筑物,故答语中应该用look like,表示“看上去像……”,其他选项不符合句意。
C
—What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one?
—I hope it will _____________ like a book.
经典例题剖析
助动词
助动词
be
人称 数 现在时态 过去时态 现在分词 过去分词
第一人称 单数 am was being been
复数 are were
第二人称 单数 are were
复数 are were
第三人称 单数 is was
复数 are were
【知识拓展】be的用法:be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。
1. "be+现在分词"构成进行时态。
My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。
2. "be+及物动词的过去分词"构成被动语态。
The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
助动词
助动词do
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 do do not don’t
第三人称单数 does does not doesn’t
过去式 did did not didn’t
【知识拓展】助动词do的用法:do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。
1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。
I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。
2. "do+动词原形"构成强调句。
I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have
助动词have
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 have have not haven’t
第三人称单数 has has not hasn’t
过去式 had had not hadn’t
【知识拓展】助动词have的用法:have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。
We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了
动词的基本形式
一般情况在动词后直接加-s
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-es
look→looks;
work→works
catch→catches;go→goes
study→studies;try→tries
一般现在时第三人称单数
01
02
03
04
05
一般情况在动词后直接加-ing
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie 为y再加-ing
read→reading;go→going
see→seeing;
toe→toeing
love→loving;
write→writing
cut→cutting;
put→putting
die→dying;
lie→lying
现在分词
过去式和过去分词
动词短语
动词+冠词+名词
动词+名词
动词+名词+介词
give a concert开音乐会,give a tea进行测试,have a rest休息,have a picnic野餐,have a try试一试,keep a record保持纪录,leave a message留言,make a face做鬼脸,make a living谋生,make a speech进行演讲,pay a bill付账,take a risk冒险
catch fire着火,keep watch守望/值班,make repairs维修,play sports做运动,take action采取行,take measures采取措施,take place发生/举行
catch hold of抓住,catch sight of看见,make contributions to对……做贡献,make room for给……腾地方,make use of利用,pay attention to注意,take advantage of利用,make contact with和……接触/联系,take pride in以……为豪
动词短语
动词+介词+名词
动词+宾语+介词+名词
动词+副词+介词
ome into use开始使用,
get into trouble陷入麻烦,
play with fire玩火/冒险,
wait in line排队等候
bring... to mind使想起,
put... into use应用,
put... into practice实行/实施,
take... for example以……为例
add up to合计达,break away from脱离,come up with想出/提出,catch up with赶上,追上,go ahead with开始,着手,go in for参加/追求,go along with一起去,hold on to坚持,keep away from远离,look down upon瞧不起/轻视,put up with忍受/容忍,run out of用完
动词短语
解析:由句意可知。春天来了,我们不能推迟计划。这周必须把树种好。Put off推迟;make up编造;come up with跟上;look up 向上看。故选A。
A
Spring has come. We can’t _____________ the plan. The trees must be planted this week.
经典例题剖析
跟踪训练
1. I want to be a basketball player when I grow up, and my parents ____________ my dream very much.
解析:句意:我长大后想当一名篮球运动员,我的父母非常支持我的梦想。A. develop 发展;B. imagine设想;C. remain保留;D. support支持。故选D。
D
A.
develop
B.
imagine
C.
remain
D.
support
跟踪训练
2. —The colours of the dress ____________ her very well.
—Yes, red ____________ her characteristics.
解析:考查动词辨析。句意:——这件衣服的颜色很适合她。——是的,红色符合她的性格特点。Suit侧重于符合某人的口味或服装颜色、款式等相配或适合;match多指两个物体大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配,显得很协调或指在能力、水平上“与……相配”,结合句意和语境可知选A。
A
25%
50%
75%
100%
suit; matches
A
suit; suits
C
match; suits
match; matches
B
D
跟踪训练
25%
50%
75%
100%
suit; matches
A
C
B
D
3. —How can I pass the exams, Mr. Right?
—Well, you ____________ a lot of hard work first.
解析:句意:——Mr. Right,我怎样才能通过考试呢?——好吧,你首先需要努力学习。根据句意,结合动词区别,offer提出,提供;spend花费;waste浪费;require需要,要求。故答案为D。
D
A.
offer
B.
spend
C.
waste
D.
require
跟踪训练
4. —Do people in your community ____________ each other?
—Yes. People are ready to ___________ others’ problems.
解析:句意:——你们社区的人们彼此帮助吗?——是的。人们乐于帮助其他人解决问题。help sb帮助某人,help with sth帮助某事,help后加帮助的对象,即人;help with后加帮助的事件。help sb with sth,帮助某人某事。结合句意及结构,故选C。
C
25%
50%
75%
100%
help; help
A
help; help with
C
help with; help
help with; help with
B
D
跟踪训练
5. —Why do Chinese people use red paper to make Spring Festival couplets(春联)?
—Because they think red can _________ people good luck.
解析:考查动词辨析。句意:——为什么中国人用红纸做春联?——因为他们认为红色能给人带来好运。A. make制作;B. take拿走;C. bring带来;D. get获取,得到。结合句意和语境可知选C。
C
A.
make
B.
take
C.
bring
D.
get
跟踪训练
6. —How was the chess competition last week, Jack?
—Bad luck! David beat(击败) me in the competition and _________ first place.
解析:句意:——杰克,上周的象棋比赛怎么样?——真糟糕!大卫在比赛中击败了我,取得了第一名。A. shared分享;B. touched 触摸;C. won获胜;D. broke击败。由beat me(击败我)可知,大卫赢得了第一名,win the first place取得第一名,win的过去式为won,故答案为C。
C
25%
50%
75%
100%
shared
A
won
C
touched
broke
B
D
跟踪训练
7. —How long can she _________ the book?
—Two weeks.
解析:句意:——这本书她可以保存多长时间?——2周。How long提问的是一段时间,句子中应使用延续性动词。故选C。
C
A.
borrow
B.
lend
C.
keep
D.
return
跟踪训练
8. Eating lots of vegetables and enough meat can ___________ you healthy all the time.
解析:句意:吃很多蔬菜和足够的肉能让你一直保持健康。保持用keep。故选C。
C
25%
50%
75%
100%
have
A
keep
C
get
stay
B
D
跟踪训练
9. My grandfather is over seventy years old. He is very well because he always _________.
解析:句意:我爷爷70多岁了。他身体很硬朗因为他总是锻炼。锻炼用take exercise。故选D。
D
A.
stays up
B.
sleeps late
C.
plays computer games
D.
takes exercise
跟踪训练
10. —What should I do if my parents don’t agree _________ me?
—You’d better find a chance to communicate _________ them.
解析:句意:——如果我的父母不同意我的观点,我应该怎么办?——你最好找一个机会和他们交流一下。agree with sb同意某人的看法;communicate with与某人交流。故选D。
D
25%
50%
75%
100%
with;on
A
to;to
C
to;with
with;with
B
D
跟踪训练
真题再现
解析:【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:对于学校来说满足所有学生发展的需求是必要的。A. cut砍,切,割;B. hide隐藏;C. refuse拒绝;D. satisfy满足。结合句意,故选D。
1. It is necessary for schools to ____________ the need of all the students’ development.
D
A.
cut
B.
hide
D.
satisfy
C.
refuse
真题再现
解析:考查系动词的用法。句意:这些橘子看起来很好但是尝起来非常酸。A. feel感觉;B. taste尝起来;C. sound听起来;D. look看起来。这四个选项都是感官动词,后面加形容词。根据sour是一种味道,故选B。
2. These oranges look nice, but ___________very sour.
B
真题再现
解析:考查动词辨析。句意:当在陌生的地方旅行时,你最好观察一下当地人并且遵从他们的习俗。You’d better do sth.你最好做某事。A. watch看,观察,侧重于场景,表示全神贯注地观察,观看事物的活动;B.change改变,变化;C.control 控制;D.teach教。结合句意,故选A。
3. While travelling in a strange place, you’d better ____________ the local people and follow their customs(习俗).
A
A.
watch
B.
change
D.
teach
C.
control
真题再现
解析:句意:——如果你总是把自己和其他人进行比较,你可能就会有大量的压力。——我赞同,我们应该相信我们自己。A. compare 比较级;B. complain 解释;C. connect 联系;D. consider考虑。compare…with …把……和……进行比较,结合句意,故选A。
4. —If you always ____________ yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure.
—I agree, we should believe in ourselves.
A
真题再现
解析:考查动词的词义辨析。句意:——对不起,我忘了你的名字。你能提醒我吗?——我是丹尼尔。A. remind 提醒,使记得;B. receive收到;C. respect尊重;D. remember记得,想起。故选A。
5. —Sorry, I’ve forgotten your name. Can you ____________ me?
—I’m Daniel.
A
A.
remind
B.
receive
D.
remember
C.
respect
真题再现
解析:考查动词短语的用法。句意:——许多年轻人经常在公交上为老人让座。——那是很好的。老人应该受到关心。A. looked for寻找;B. listened to 听;C. depended on依靠;D. cared for关爱,关心。结合句意,故选D。
6. —Many young people usually offer their seats to the old on the bus.
—That’s good. The old should be ____________.
D
真题再现
解析:考查动词短语的用法。句意:我们的地理老师告诉我们找出关于我们市的更多的信息,以便下周分享。A. find out找出,查出;B. keep away远离,离开;C. turn off关闭;D. use up用光。结合句意,故选A。
7. Our geography teacher told us to ____________ more information about our city and share it next week.
A
A.
find out
B.
keep away
D.
use up
C.
turn off
真题再现
解析:考查动词短语的用法。句意:如果你不知道这个单词你可以在在字典中查阅它。A。give away捐献;B. cut off切除;C. take after相像;D. look up查阅(在资料等中)。结合句意,故选D。
8. You can ____________ the word in the dictionary if you don’t know it.
D
真题再现
解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:老师要求学生编一个去月球旅行的故事。A. give up放弃; B. turn up出现;C. cut up切碎;D. make up组成, 编造;根据句意故选D。
9. The teacher asked the students to ____________ a story about a trip to the moon.
D
A.
give up
B.
turn up
D.
make up
C.
cut up
真题再现
解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:——你认为对一个球队的球员来说什么是重要的?——就是一起合作,而且彼此展示出最好的一面。A. bring out拿出来,引申为展示出来;B. look up寻找;C. believe in信任,相信;D. blow out吹熄。根据句意和语境,故选A。
10. —What do you think is important for the players on a team?
—It’s to play together and ____________ the best in each other.
A
真题再现
解析:句意:我没有很多钱,但是我想给我爸爸买点特别的东西,如果你明白我的意思。A. want想要;B. care关心;C. mean意思是,意味着;D. prefer更喜欢。前面的句子就是表达自己的观点与想法,故答案为C。
11. I don’t have much money, but I’d like to buy my dad something really special, if you know what I ____________.
C
A.
want
B.
care
D.
prefer
C.
mean
真题再现
解析:句意:我知道你在想什么,我能从你脸上的表情看出你的心思。动词辨析。A.stay停留;B.spare饶恕;C.read 读懂(文字、表情、心情);D.attend出席。根据句意“我知道你在想什么,我能从你脸上的表情……你的心思”,结合选项,可知C选项符合题意,故答案选C。
12. I know what you are thinking about. I can ____________ your mind from the look on your face.
C
真题再现
解析:句意:——你看过电影"泰坦尼克号"吗?——是的,其中的音乐听起来很棒。A. 看起来很棒B. 听起来很棒C. 摸起来很好,音乐只能"听起来很好",故选B。
点睛:本题主要考察了感官系动词的用法,感官系动词主要有look, feel, smell, sound, taste,其后都加形容词来说明主语的状况、性质等,分别表示"看起来,摸起来,闻起来,听起来,尝起来……"。
13. —Have you seen the movie Titanic, Wangwei?
—Yes. The music in it ____________
B
C
C.feels great
A
A.looks great?
B
B.sounds great?
真题再现
解析:句意:我认为年轻的低头族应该减少他们在智能手机上的时间。cut off切除;cut down减少; cut up切碎;cut in插嘴,干预。结合句意可知,句子第一个设空处中缺少"缩短"一词, spend time on sth. 在某事上花费时间,故答案为B。
14. I think young phubbers(低头族)are supposed to ____________ the time they spend ____________ their smart phones.
B
A.
cut off;in
B.
cut down;on
D.
cut in;in
C.
cut up;on
真题再现
解析:句意:在许多大城市的人们不得不早早出发,避免早晨拥挤的交通。A. set out 出发;B. put out 扑灭;C. take out取出;D. give out分发。结合句意可知,答案为A。
15. People now in many big cities have to ____________ early to avoid the heavy traffic in the morning.
A
真题再现
解析:句意:你能帮助我捡起这个钢笔吗?它在你椅子下面。考查动词短语辨析题。A. ask for请求……;B. look for寻找;C. pick up捡起;D. put up张贴。根据句意语境,可知pick up"捡起"符合语境,故选C。
16. Can you help me ____________ the pen? It’s under the chair.
C
A.
ask for
B.
look for
D.
put up
C.
pick up
真题再现
解析:句意:恐怕我付不起出租车钱。让我们改坐地铁吧。本题考查动词。A. refuse 拒绝; B. afford 付得起,承担得起 ;C. forget忘记; D. fall落下; 砍倒。根据句意选B。
17. I am afraid we can not ____________ to take a taxi. Let’s go by underground instead.
B
真题再现
解析:句意:那家饭馆的饭菜很可口。我们可以去试一试。考查动词词义辨析题。A. sell销售;B. help帮助;C. produce生产;D. try尝试。根据句意语境,可知try合乎句意,故选D。
18. The food is very delicious in that restaurant. We could go and ____________ it.
D
A.
sell
B.
help
D.
try
C.
produce
真题再现
解析:句意:——一项研究表明散步有助于人们长寿。——我很同意,但这取决于他们什么时候走,怎么走。考查动词短语辨析题。A. remains保持;B. separates区分;C. returns返回;D. depends依靠。it depends视情况而定;depend on依赖于/取决于;根据句意语境,可知选D。
19. —A research suggests that walking helps people live longer.
—I quite agree, but it ____________ on when and how they walk.
D
真题再现
解析:句意:——我找不到我的英语课本了。——你可能把它忘在家里了吧?本题考查动词辨析。A. lost遗失;B. saw看见;C. left丢失、离开;D. gave给。根据题干Is it possible that you ________ it at home?可以推知,课本可能是忘在家里了,leave sth. at/in/on a place:把某物留在某地,句中"忘"的动作发生在过去,所以用leave过去式left,故答案选C。
20. —I can’t find my English textbook.
—Is it possible that you ____________ it at home?
C
A.
lost
B.
saw
D.
gave
C.
left
真题再现
模拟检测
turn up
turn on
turn off
turn down
解析:句意:——当我们离开房间时,应该把灯关上。——是的。我们必须学习如何节约用电。A. turn up开大;B.turn 打开;C.turn off关掉;D.turn down关小。离开房间,关掉灯是合理的。故选C。
1. —We should ____________ the light when we leave the room.
—Yes. We must learn how to save electricity.
C
模拟检测
解析:句意:这个地区的很多人都习惯晚睡,但我不喜欢。我更注重我的健康。be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事;pay attention to关注,注重。结合句意可知,答案为C。
2. Many people in this area are used ____________ going to bed late, but I don’t. I pay more attention ____________ my health.
C
模拟检测
explain
remember
remind
hurry
解析:句意:——这些老歌总是使我想起我的童年。——我也有相同的感觉。A解释;B记起;C使想起;D匆忙。故选C。
3. —The old songs always ____________ me of my childhood.
—I have the same feelings.
C
模拟检测
解析:句意:——你的衣服好像都湿透了。——是的,我的雨伞坏了,它没有遮挡雨。protect保护;provide提供;keep保持,保存;produce生产。这里keep away from是固定短语,远离,回避。根据句意可知选C。
4. —Your clothes seem to get all wet.
—Yes. My umbrella was broken and it didn’t ____ away from the rain.
C
模拟检测
enter
afford
support
present
解析:句意:根据规定,在南京的孩子们应该进入一个附近的学校来接受教育。A. enter进入;B. afford支付;C. support支持;D. present礼物。故选A。
5. According to the rule, children should ____________ a nearby school to receive education in Nanjing.
A
模拟检测
解析:句意:——让我们为父母做些什么吧。——好主意。我们应该重视父母给我们的爱。A. create创造;B. promise承诺,许诺;C. value珍惜,重视;D. allow允许。孩子们应该珍惜父母的爱。故选C。
6. —Let’s do something for our parents.
—Good idea. We should ____________ our parents’ love for us.
C
模拟检测
keeping
driving
turning
giving
解析:句意:——发生了什么事?——我受不了这里吵闹的音乐。快把我逼疯了。A. keeping保持; B. driving 推动,发动(机器等),驾驶(马车,汽车等),驱赶;C. turning 变得;D. giving给。drive sb. + 形容词,意思是:逼迫/推某人……,故选B。
7. —What’s the matter?
—I can’t stand the loud music here. It’s nearly _________ me mad.
B
模拟检测
解析:句意:他们都说那个人造成了交通事故。但是他坚持说此事与他无关。A. advised建议;B. insisted坚持;C. supposed猜测;D. doubted怀疑。故选B。
8. They all said that the man caused the accident, but he ____________ he had nothing to do with it.
B
模拟检测
01
动词分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。
02
实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。
03
助动词do的用法:do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进
行强调。
04
动词的基本形式为:一般现在时、第三人称单数、
现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
课堂小结
谢谢
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 中小学教育资源网站
有大把高质量资料?一线教师?一线教研员?
欢迎加入21世纪教育网教师合作团队!!月薪过万不是梦!!
详情请看:
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php