Unit 3 Sports and fitness
现在校园里有很多中学生吸烟，你知道吗，为了建造无烟校园，从今年起教育部发布了校园禁烟政策。
As we all know，the Chinese Ministry of Education released a smoking?free policy in campus on 29th January this year.And during the past 10 years，there were an alarming increase in students smoking which is quite disturbing.But in fact，smoking is such a bad habit that does great harm to smokers' health as well as the people around.
The factors lead to a great rise in campus smoking is really complex.First of all，with the increase of our living standard，we students have much pocket money which enables us to afford the cigarettes.And then，there are so many advertisements about cigarettes around us.What's more，we can get access to them easily.Last but not least，in some students' opinions，smoking is really cool which may make them feel more mature than others.
It's high time that we took actions to help them get rid of such a bad habit and build a smoking free campus.Firstly，I think there should be anti?smoking courses in our classes which would let us know about the danger of smoking.Secondly，there should not be any cigarettes on sale in the shops in campus which would help a lot.
Only in these ways can we build a smoking free campus.And only by building a smoking free campus can we protect our health from smoking.
[阅读障碍词]
1．release vt.颁布，发布
2．policy n．政策
3．do harm to 对……有害
4．complex adj.复杂的，合成的
5．mature adj.成熟的，成年人的
6．anti?smoking adj.反对吸烟的， 禁止吸烟的
7．on sale 廉价出售，低价抛售
[诱思导读]
阅读短文内容，回答问题
What we should do to help some students quit smoking?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
[答案] Firstly，I think there should be anti?smoking courses in our classes which would let us know about the danger of smoking.Secondly，there should not be any cigarettes on sale in the shops in campus which would help a lot.
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking——Comprehending
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.event A．n.失败；失败的人(或事物)
( )2.sweat B．n.力量；体力
( )3.legend C．n.比赛项目；大事；公开活动
( )4.master D．n.传奇故事(或人物)；传说
( )5.honour E．vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；
流汗n.汗水；出汗
( )6.glory F．n.高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握
( )7.determination G．n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸
( )8.injure H．n.荣誉；光荣；赞美
( )9.strength I．vt.使受伤；损害
( )10.failure J．n.决心；决定
[答案] 1－5 CEDFG 6－10 HJIBA
Ⅱ.选择下列句子中词组的汉语意思
A．跟随；到达；进步；赶快 B．田径 C．锻炼；计算出；解决 D．获得成功，准时到达 E．树立榜样 F．破裂；破碎；崩溃 G．丧失信心，泄气 H．放弃；投降
( )1.The building work has come along nicely.
( )2.We will welcome all the athletes from all over the world to take part in the great event for track?and?field lovers on 26 October.
( )3.They have discussed everything in detail before they work out the plan.
( )4.As their parents，we should set a good example for them whatever we do.
( )5.I had just given up myself when I was found by a ship.
( )6.Wang Peng didn't lost heart even when he was fired by his company.
( )7.I've read this book so often that it's falling apart.
( )8.Though that is a hard job，I'm sure I can make it.
[答案] 1－5 ABCEH 6－8 GFD
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
Ⅰ.速读P38课文内容，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1 A．The legend of Michael Jordan.
2．Para.2 B．The legend of Lang Ping.
[答案] 1－2 BA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P38课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．According to the passage，we know that________.
A．Lang Ping is only a volleyball player
B．the team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart in 2015
C．Lang Ping had to leave the team because of heart problems.
D．Long Ping led her volleyball team to Olympic gold in 2016
2．Which difficulty is not the one that Lang Ping had faced when she prepared for the 2015 World Cup?
A．She was injured badly at world championships.
B．The team built by her was falling apart.
C．The team captain had to leave because of healthy problems.
D．One of the best players in her team had been injured.
3．What does the sentence “When Michael Jordan's feet left the ground，time seemed to stand still”mean?
A．It means Jordan jumped very high.
B．It means Jordan played basketball very well.
C．It means Jordan ran very quickly.
D．It means Jordan could keep his balance well.
4．Why does the writer mention“In the final seconds of a game”？
A．He told us the secret that Jordan won the game.
B．He told us Jordan was willing to find a way.
C．He told us that Jordan practised harder
D．He told us that Jordan's skills were impressive.
[答案] 1－4 DABA
第三步 研读——能力升华接轨高考
根据P38课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The text “Living Legends”is about two famous 1.athletes(athlete) who are masters in their sport and also set 2.a good example for us.
The first one is Lang Ping，who is loved by fans 3.at home and abroad.As a player，she brought honour and glory to her country.As a coach，she 4.led(lead)the China women's volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics. For example，when the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup，she didn't lose heart though she faced many 5.difficulties(difficulty)．At last they are world 6.champions(champion)．
The other legend of sports is Michael Jordan.He was known as “Air Jordan”．He changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps.Not only his 7.impressive (impress)skills but also the mental 8.strength(strengthen)that he showed made him unique.He says “I can accept failure.But I can't accept not 9.trying(try)”．Besides，he has learnt to share his success with others.He 10.started(start)The Boys and Girls Club to help young people since 1996.
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Section Ⅱ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking——Language Points
Ⅰ.重点单词
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．stadium n．体育场；运动场
2．event n．比赛项目；大事；公开活动
3．ski adj.滑雪的vi.滑雪
4．sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗 n．汗水；出汗
5．legend n．传奇故事(或人物)；传说
6．master n．高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握
7．glory n．荣誉；光荣；赞美
8．medal n．奖章；勋章
9．captain n．(运动队)队长；船长；机长
10．athlete n．运动员；运动健儿
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．fit vt.&vi.合身；适合adj.健康的；合适的→fitness健康；健壮；适合
2．host vt.主办；主持n.主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostess n．女主人；女老板；女服务员
3．gym n．健康房；体育馆→gymnastic n．体操(训练)
4．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honourable adj.光荣的；高尚的
5．champion n．冠军；优胜者→championship n．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号
6．determine vt.决定；判决→determination n．决心；决定
7．injure vt.(使)受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤
8．grace n．优雅；恩惠；魅力→graceful adj.优美的；优雅的
9．strength n．力量；体力→strong adj.强壮的→strengthen vt.加强；巩固
10．fail v．失败；不及格→failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快
2．track and field 田径
3．work out 锻炼；计算出；解决
4．make it 获得成功；准时到达
5．set an example 树立榜样
6．fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃
7．lose heart 丧失信心；泄气
8．give up 放弃；投降
背教材原句 记句式结构 仿写促落实
1.It's up to you，isn't it？由你来决定，不对吗？ It's up to sb.(to do sth.)由某人决定(做某事) It's up to you to choose good programmes. 由你来选择好节目。
2.When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup，her determination was tested.当中国队备战2015年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。 when引导时间状语从句 When she was reading，the phone rang. 当她正在阅读时，电话响了。
3.One of the best players had been injured，and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题离队。 had been injured是过去完成时的被动语态 Her homework had been finished before she started to read the novel. 在她看小说之前作业就已经完成了。
4.The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.他(乔丹)在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 has been helping是现在完成进行时 He has been running since 4：00 pm but doesn't want to stop at all. 他从下午四点开始跑到现在，丝毫不愿停下来。
come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快；出现
(教材P36)Would you like to come along?
你想要跟着去吗？
写出下列句中come along的含义
①He decided to give the money to the first stranger who came along.
到达；出现
②He had some work to finish and decided to come along later.
跟随；随后跟来
③Your French has come along a lot recently.进步；进展
④Come along！We're late already！赶快；加把劲
come up with 想出；提出 come about 发生 come across 穿过(路、桥)；(偶然)遇见；发现 come out 出来；(书等)出版；发行 come to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到 When it comes to... 当谈到……
⑤Whoever can come up with the answer to the question in a few minutes is allowed to leave.
无论谁在几分钟之内想出这个问题的答案都允许离开。
⑥When it comes to students' surfing the Internet，some people think students can benefit from it.
当谈到学生上网，有些人认为学生可以从中获益。
⑦I'd like to come up to your apartment.
我愿意到你的公寓去。
work out 锻炼；计算出；解决；理解；(有预期的)结果
(教材P37)Come and work out at a gym!
来体育馆锻炼吧！
写出下列句中work out的含义
①Can you work out how much money it will cost？计算出
②We didn't plan our art exhibition，but it worked out well.
(有预期的)结果
③He works out every day，so he must have a strong body.锻炼
④We'd better discuss everything in detail before we work out the plan.制定出
⑤I can't work him out.理解
⑥We have worked out our differences.解决
work on 从事……；继续…… work at 从事，致力于…… work as 充当，作为……而工作 at/out of work 在工作/失业
⑦You can't afford to let any job go by when you've been out of work for so long.
你失业那么长时间了，可不能轻易放过任何工作机会。
⑧She is working on a new book.
她正在忙着写一本新书。
⑨If she works at improving her skill，she could be a champion.
如果她下功夫提高技艺，她可能成为冠军。
make it 获得成功；准时到达
(教材P37)You can make it!
你会成功的！
写出下列句中make it 的含义
①She made it in films when she was still a teenager.获得成功
②We just made it in time for the wedding.准时到达
③I can't make it on Friday.出现；到场
manage it 能做到 make a difference 对……有作用/有影响 make use of 利用；使用
④I don't know exactly how we'll manage it，but we will，somehow.
我说不准我们如何去完成这件事，但不管怎样我们一定会完成的。
⑤Making(make) good use of time is a good habit.
充分利用时间是个好习惯。
⑥What you have said will make a difference to the boy.
你所说的会对这个男孩起作用的。
set an example 树立榜样
(教材P38)They must be athletes who are masters in their sport and also set a good example for others.
他们必须是他们所从事的运动项目中的高手并且为别人树立了良好的榜样。
follow sb.'s example 学某人的样子 be an example to sb. 成为某人的榜样 for example 例如 make an example of sb. 惩罚某人以警告他人；杀一儆百
①You should be setting an example to your little brother.
你应该为你弟弟树立一个榜样。
②He followed(follow) her sister's example and read the poem.
他学着姐姐的样子读诗。
③It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects，for example，physics.
将计算机科学与其他学科，如物理学结合起来是可能的。
honour n．尊敬；崇敬；荣幸，光荣
vt.尊敬；敬重
(教材P38)As a player，Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.
作为队员，郎平为祖国带来了荣誉和赞美。
(1)in honour of 为了表示对……的敬意； 为了纪念…… have the honour to do/of doing... 有幸做…… It's an honour to do... 很荣幸做…… (2)honour sb.with sth.for... 因……授予某人某物 be honoured as... 被尊称为…… (3)be/feel honoured to do/of doing... 为做……而感到荣幸 (4)honourable adj. 光荣的；高尚的；尊敬的
①Monuments were raised in honour of the dead.
这些纪念碑是为纪念死者而修建的。
②She is honoured as a model teacher.
她被誉为模范教师。
③It is my honour to be(be)here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.
我很荣幸能在这里与你分享关于高中要学习什么的看法。
④He felt honoured(honour)to study English literature.
学习英国文学他感到很荣幸。
determination n．决心；决定
(教材P38)When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup，her determination was tested.
当中国队备战2015年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。
(1)with determination 坚决地；果断地 (2)determine vi.&vt. 决定；确定；(使)下定决心 determine to do... 决定做……(表示动作) determine on/upon 决定 (3)determined adj. 坚决的；坚定的；果断的 be determined to do... 决心做……(表示状态)
①He refused our suggestion with determination.
他坚决地拒绝了我们的建议。
②I have determined to spend my holiday at home.
→I have determined on/upon spending my holiday at home.
我已决定在家里度假。
③Determined(determine)to study hard，he dug a hole in the wall to “steal”light from his neighbor to read at night.
决心努力学习，他在墙上挖了洞从邻居家“偷”光为的是晚上看书。
④So difficult did I feel it to live in an English?speaking country that I determined to learn(learn)English well.
感到生活在一个说英语的国家是这么难，因此我决定学好英语。
fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃
(教材P38)The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart.
郎平以前组建的球队要散了。
写出下列各句中fall apart的含义
①My car is falling apart.破裂；破碎
②Their marriage finally fell apart.破裂
③The deal fell apart when we failed to agree on a price.崩溃
fall down 摔倒 fall off 从……掉下来 fall behind 落后，跟不上 fall over 跌倒，绊倒 fall into 养成，染上 fall out (头发等)脱落；吵架
④After your friend takes this kind of pill for some time，his hair might fall out.
你朋友服用这种药一段时间后，他的头发可能会脱落。
⑤The child slipped and fell down，hitting his head against the door.
那孩子滑了一跤，摔倒了，头碰到了门上。
⑥Study hard，or you'll fall behind.
努力学习，不然的话你就会落后。
[语境助记]
A banana skin fell off the table.The little girl didn't see it.She stepped on it and fell over.What's worse，her bowl broke into pieces.Quickly，her mother ran in and picked her up.If she falls into the habit of depending on parents in everything，the girl will fall behind others in time.
香蕉皮从桌子上掉下来。小女孩没有看见。她踩到上面滑倒了。更糟的是，她的碗摔成了碎片。她妈妈立刻跑进来扶起她。如果小女孩养成事事依赖父母的习惯，她迟早会落后于其他孩子的。
injure vt.使受伤；损害
(教材P38)One of the best players had been injured，and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.
最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题离队。
(1)injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 伤员 (2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 害某人
①But now，because my left foot was injured (injure)in the football game，I cannot go with you as planned.
但现在，由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，我不能像计划的那样和你一起去。
②When we reached the scene of the accident，we were told that the injured (injure)had been sent to the nearest hospital.
当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。
③Dog owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury(injure)to other people or cause damage to their property.
如果宠物伤害他人或损害他人的财产，狗的主人应该对此负责。
lose heart 丧失信心；泄气
(教材P38)Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart.
失去两名重要的队员是一个巨大挑战，但郎平没有泄气。
(1)put one's heart into 一心扑在……上 learn sth.by heart 背诵；记牢…… strike...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心 (2)heart and soul 全心全意地 from the bottom of sb.'s heart 从某人的心底
①Though beaten by the opposite team，they didn't lose heart.
虽然被对方球队击败，但他们没有丧失信心。
②As a matter of fact，nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.
事实上，世上无难事，只怕有心人。
③Thank you from the bottom of my heart for your generous donations.
我从心底感谢你的慷慨解囊。
strength n．力量；体力；强项
(教材P38)Jordan's skills were impressive，but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.
乔丹的技术令人印象深刻，但是他所展现出来的精神力量让他与众不同。
(1)build up one's strength/body 强身健体 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 The strength of...is that... ……的优点是…… (2)strengthen vt.&vi. 加强
①Besides，Chinese has always been my strength among all the subjects.
此外，中文一直是我所有课程中的强项。
②One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen(strength) new memories.
一个想法是睡眠帮助我们巩固新的记忆。
③It's important to know your own strengths and weaknesses.
了解自己的优缺点很重要。
④He does weight training in order to build up his strength.
为了增强体质，他练习举重。
failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)
(教材P38)I can accept failure；...
我能接受失败；……
(1)end in failure 以失败告终 heart failure 心脏衰竭 fail v. 失败；未能；失灵；不足，缺乏；突然失去 (2)fail to do... 未能做…… fail in... 在……失败
①We were confused by his failure to answer (answer)the letter.
我们对他未能回复这封信感到困惑。
②He failed in the exam.
他考试不及格。
③It was evident that the policy was a failure.
很明显，这项政策是失败的。
写出下列句中fail的含义
④At the last minute，her courage failed her.突然失去
⑤The brakes failed and the bus crashed into a tree.失灵
[易错点拨]
(1)failure表示抽象意义的“失败”时，不可数；表示具体意义“失败的人或事”时，则可数。
(2)failure后可接不定式作定语，但不接of doing...。
give up 放弃；投降
(教材P38)Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up.
比赛失利教会了他更加努力的训练和永不放弃。
give away 分发；赠送；泄露 give back 归还 give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等) give out 分发；用完；耗尽 give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交
①We will never give in，whatever they might do or say about our plan.
不管他们对我们的计划做什么或说什么，我们都不会屈服。
②Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance，but her trembling voice gave her away.
简尽力保持平静的表情，但颤抖的声音出卖了她。
③He has refused to give out any information on the matter.
他已经拒绝了公布有关这件事的任何信息。
④He gave back what he had borrowed from the factory.
他把从工厂借来的东西还回去了。
(教材P37)It's up to you，isn't it?
由你来决定，不对吗？
【要点提炼】 It's up to sb.to do sth.做某事由某人来决定。
up to 多达…… be up to (doing)sth. 正在(做)……；从事于……；胜任做…… up to now 到目前为止
①When he is quiet like this，I know he is up to something.
每当他这样安静的时候，我就知道他要捣什么鬼了。
②—What shall we do tonight then?
那么今晚我们做什么呢？
—It is up to you－whatever you want.
由你来决定——你想做什么都行。
③This is the only one of the oldest customs that has been kept (keep)in this district up to now.
这是到目前为止在这一地区所保留的最古老的习俗之一。
④He's not really up to seeing(see)any visitors.
他真的不能见任何客人。
(教材P38)When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup，her determination was tested.
当中国队备战2015年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。
【要点提炼】 when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。
when，while和as都可引导时间状语从句 其具体含义和用法如下： (1)when“当……时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生 (2)while “当……时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生 (3)as “一边……一边……”常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生
①When you apply for a job，you must present your credentials.
当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证书。
②Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.
客人们就要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。
③As he grew older，he became less active.
随着他逐渐长大 ，他变得不那么活泼了。
[名师点津]
如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend.
我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。
(教材P38)One of the best players had been injured，and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.
最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题离队。
【要点提炼】 had been injured是过去完成时的被动语态。过去完成时指先于过去某动作发生前完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，用“had＋过去分词”表示。在这里，had been injured与后半句the team captain had to leave...形成参照，指这名优秀队员受伤在前，队长因心脏问题离队在后。
(1)hope，plan，want，mean等用过去完成时表示未实现的愿望，计划和打算等 (2)Hardly/Scarcely had sb. done...when 刚一……就…… no sooner had sb. done...than刚一……就…… (3)by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句时，主句用过去完成时。 (4)It/That was the...time that从句时，从句用过去完成时。表示“是第几次做某事”。
①I had hoped to come to help you.Something happened to me. That's why I didn't come.
我本希望能来帮助你，但我出了点事，所以没有来。
②Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.
演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。
③By the time the messenger reached him，the damage had been done(do)．
送信人赶到他那儿时，损失已经造成了。
④That was the second time that she had seen(see) her grandfather.
这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。
(教材P38)The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.
他(乔丹)在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。
【要点提炼】 本句主句时态为现在完成进行时，这一时态主要用于表示过去开始并一直延续的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。
现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋现在分词”构成，其基本用法如下： (1)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在的动作，并仍在进行。 (2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。 (3)现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
①Since the time humankind started gardening，we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful.
自从人类开创园艺工作以来，我们一直在努力使我们的环境更加美丽。
②Where have you been？We have been looking(look) for you everywhere.
你刚才去哪里了？我们一直在到处找你。
③I have been ringing(ring) you several times in two days.
这两天内我给你打过好几次电话。
She had faced difficulties before，and she knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team.
【分析】 本句是由and连接的两个并列句，后一个句子中that从句作knew的宾语，同时that从句中又有一个if引导的条件状语从句。
【翻译】 她以前遇到过困难，她知道如果他们团结起来她的年轻的队员会获胜。
Ⅰ.单句语填空
1．I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
2．The pollution problem has been getting (get)worse over the last ten years.
3．She had finished(finish)her studies by the end of last year.
4．When you meet Tom，please tell him the news.
5．You should catch the right opportunity that came along.
6．I feel honoured(honour)to be here to give you a speech.
7．They took action to protect the bird with determination (determine)right away.
8．You'd better take more exercise to build up your strength (strengthen)．
9．He was a failure as an English teacher.
10．He changed basket ball with his graceful(grace)moves and jumps.
Ⅱ.用下列单词或短语的适当形式填空
come along，track and field，work out，make it，fall apart，lose heart，give up，set an example
1．His spoken English has come along a lot recently.
2．He works out every day to build up his strength.
3．Luckily he just made it in time for class this morning.
4．Lang Ping set an example for all the athletes at home and a broad.
5．His car was nearly falling apart in the accident.
6．He didn't lose heart even though he was beaten many times.
7．Never give up your hope whatever difficulty you meet.
8．He won several medals in the track and field competition.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It's up to you to organize the game.
组织这场比赛由你来决定。
2．I was doing homework when he came in.
当他进来时我正在做作业。
3．We have been studying English for six years.
我们学习英语已经有六年了。
4．By the time I rushed to the train station，the train had already left.
当我赶到火车站时，火车已经开走了。
5．It's an honour to meet you in America.
很荣幸在美国遇见你。
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Section Ⅲ Grammar——附加疑问句
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句 后自主感悟
1.Wonderful gym，isn't it？ 2.This isn't your first time here，is it？ 3.You come here often，don't you？ 4.But it won't make me too tired，will it？5.Come along and join us，will you？ 附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，也可以用祈使句表示请求或者建议，在句子结构上前半部分为陈述句，后半部分是前面部分的简短问句，如果前半部分为肯定句，后半句的简短问句则为否定式；如果前半部分为否定句，后面简短问句则为肯定式。另外如果前半部分句子的主语是名词，在反意疑问句中要改为代词。
一、附加疑问句的组成
附加疑问句包括陈述部分和附加疑问部分。附加疑问部分一般由助动词、be动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成。
组成 例句
肯定式陈述部分＋否定附加疑问部分否定式陈述部分＋肯定附加疑问部分 You often play badminton，don't you？You're going to the gym with me，aren't you？ It's not a real sport，is it？ They can't finish it by Friday，can they？
二、反意疑问句的几种特殊句型
(一)陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn't；当含有mustn't(不允许、禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must/may。如：
You must go now，needn't you?
你现在必须走，是吗？
You mustn't smoke here，must/may you?
你不可以在此吸烟，行吗？
当must/may(might)表示推测，即must作“一定，准时”讲，may/might作“可能”讲时，可首先将句子改变“I am sure/guess that从句”，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据be sure/guess后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。如：
1．You must/may(might)be hungry now， ？→I am sure/guess that you are hungry now，aren't you？→You must/may (might)be hungry now，aren't you?
你现在一定/可能饿了，是吗？
2．You must have heard about it， ？→I am sure that you have heard about it，haven't you？→You must have heard about it，haven't you?
你一定听说过这事了，是吗？
3．You must have watched that football match last night， ？→I am sure that you watched that football match last night，didn't you→You must have watched that football match last night，didn't you?
你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了，是吗？(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语last night)
(二)陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用usedn't或didn't均可。如：
You used to sleep with the windows open，usedn't/didn't you?
你过去经常开着窗户睡觉，是吗？
(三)陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。如：
He ought to attend the lecture，oughtn't/shouldn't he?
他应该去听这个演讲，是吗？
(四)陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：
He could hardly walk without a stick，could he?
没有拐杖他几乎不能走路，是吗？
(五)如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。如：
Tom dislikes playing tennis，doesn't he?
汤姆不喜欢打网球，是吗？
It's unfair，isn't it?
那不公平，不是吗？
(六)陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
(1)当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致。如：
He said that he would come to my birthday party，didn't he?
他说他要来参加我的生日聚会，是吗？
(2)陈述部分的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine，且主语为第一人称时，疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致；陈述部分的主语为第二、三人称时，后面的反问部分的主语和时态与陈述部分的主语、时态一致。如：
I don't believe he will succeed，will he?
我认为他不会成功，会吗？
Tom doesn't believe Jane will succeed，does he?
汤姆不相信简会成功，对吗？
(七)祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：
(1)否定祈使句，＋will you?
(2)肯定祈使句，＋will/won't you?
(3)Let's...，＋shall we?
(4)Let us...，＋will/won't you?
(5)Let＋第三人称．..，＋will you？如：
Open the door，will/won't you？打开门，好吗？
Let's go out for a walk，shall we？我们出去散步，好吗？
Let us go home now，will/won't you?
现在，(您)让我们回家，好吗？
(八)回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则
1．不管是主句为否定，还是附加问句为否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如当对方问你You aren't a teacher，are you？或You are a teacher，aren't you？时，你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes，I am.否则，No，I am not.
2．要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不会出现类似于Yes，I don't.或No，I do.的形式。
(九)附加问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况
陈述部分主语 附加问句主语 例句
one(指人) One或he One can't be careful enough，can he/one？再小心也不为过，是吗？
this，that，these，those it或they This isn't a fast train，is it？这不是辆快车，对吗？
everything，anything，something；nothing it Nothing happened to him，did it？他没发生什么事，是吗？
everyone，everybody，no one，nobody anyone，anybody he或they (常见) Nobody likes to be laughed at，does he/do they？没有人愿意被嘲笑，是吗？
不定式，动名词，其他短语 it Learning takes him much time，doesn't it？学习花了他很多时间，对吗？
There be 句型 be/情态动词 /助动词 ＋there There will be rain tomorrow，won't there？明天要下雨，是吗？
三、附加疑问句的回答
附加疑问句的答语与一般疑问句类似，注意其与汉语表达习惯的差异。如：
(1)A：The 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing，weren't they?
B：Yes，they were.(Yes，that's right.)
(2)A：Michael Jordan started to play basketball in college，didn't he?
B：No，he didin't.He first played in a team in senior high school.
(3)A：David has been to a boxing match，hasn't he?
B：No，he hasn't.He always watches boxing on TV.
(4)A：You can't cook，can you?
B：Yes，I can.I'm good at cooking.
四、附加疑问部分的读法
陈述部分一般用降调，而附加疑问部分既可用升调也可用降调，但含义有所不同。通常情况下，用升调时，多表示疑问或请求；用降调时，多表示求证或希望对方同意。如：
The school team have won the gold medal，haven't they?
The school team have won the gold medal，haven't they?
Ⅰ.写出下列句中的反意疑问句(部分)
1．To see is to believe，isn't it?
2．That is your book，isn't it?
3．These are your friends，aren't they?
4．Something has gone wrong with the machine，hasn't it?
5．Learning a language will take a lot of time，won't it?
6．There should be no problem，should there?
7．There used to be a school here，didn't/usedn't there?
8．Please clean the classroom，John，will/won't you?
9．Let's have a break，shall we?
10．Mr White doesn't believe his son can design a car，does he?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．You must be nervous now，aren't you?
2．They must have heard about it，haven't they?
3．You must have watched the TV programme last month，didn't you?
4．I guess he will come to the party，won't he?
5．They think you should come along with them，don't they?
6．—You haven't been here long，have you?
—No，I haven't.I am a newcomer here.
7．Let us have a walk after supper，will you?
8．Let's go shopping，shall we?
9．—You aren't a student，are you?
—Yes，I am.
10．The girl dislikes playing football，doesn't she?
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Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
阅读P42课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．What's Kayla's trouble in the past?
A．She looked like the slim girls on TV.
B．She worried about her weight.
C．She can't get along well with her classmates.
D．She tried healthy foods in her diet.
2．What does the sentence “I almost went bananas”mean?
A．She liked to eat bananas very much.
B．She didn't like to eat bananas at all.
C．She went nearly mad because of every diet.
D．She went on eating bananas only.
3．Which of the following statements about Kayla is wrong?
A．She is positive about herself and her body now.
B．She made a list of the strengths about herself.
C．She wants to have a burglar rather than a salad or an apple.
D．She thinks that fitness is more important.
[答案] 1－3 BCC
Ⅰ.重点单词
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮
2．million num.一百万
3．cheat vi.作弊；舞弊vt.欺骗；蒙骗n.欺骗手段；骗子
4．audience n．观众；听众
5．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
6．slim adj.苗条的；单薄的
7．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食
8．jog vi.慢跑n.慢跑
9．error n．错误；差错
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor n．竞争者
2．stress n．压力；紧张；重音vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.紧张的；有压力的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表达清楚
2．pretend to_do sth 假装做某事
3．even if/though 即使；虽然
4．make a difference 有作用或影响
5．rather than 而不是
6．push?up 俯卧撑
7．cut...out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
8．now and then 有时；偶尔
9．compare...with/to... 与……比较
背教材原句 记句式结构 仿写促落实
1.A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.足球队员不应该假装摔倒，即使是它对他/她的球队有帮助。 even if引导让步状语从句 They buy a great many books even if they are poor. 尽管他们很穷，他们还是买了很多书。
2.Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重时，情况就开始改变了。 once引导时间状语从句 Once you begin to read the book，you'll find you like it. 一旦你开始读这本书，你就会发现你喜欢它。
compete vi.竞争；对抗
(教材P41)An athlete should think about honour and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.
如果一个运动员是为了他/她的国家而比赛的话；他/她就应该考虑他/她的荣誉和粉丝们。
(1)compete in 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争 compete for 为……而竞争 compete with/against...for 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争 (2)competition n. 比赛 competitive adj. 有竞争力的 competitor n. 竞争者；对手
①We can compete with/against students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests.
我们可以和来自其他大学的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。
②Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive (compete) world.
没有人能够完全远离这个充满竞争的社会。
③How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games?
有多少国家参加古代奥运会？
④The player competed with/against others for a prize.
那位选手为得奖与他人竞争。
make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表达清楚
(教材P41)That doesn't make any sense!
那没有什么道理！
(1)make sense of 理解；明白 make no sense 没意义 (2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装) common sense 常识 There is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理
①Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
②What she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make sense of it.
她所讲的话如此令人费解，他们搞不明白她是什么意思。
③In no sense should you lose heart.Keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。
④As far as I'm concerned，there is no sense in getting(get)upset about it now.
就我而言，现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。
pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮
(教材P41)A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.
足球队员不应该假装摔倒，即使是它对他/她的球队有帮助。
pretend
①Jacy pretended to have known(know)everything about it and said nothing.
杰西假装已了解一切，一句话也没说。
②He pretended to be reading(read)an important document when the boss came in.
老板进来时他假装在看一份重要文件。
③I had been lying to myself，pretending(pretend)that everything was fine.
我一直对自己撒谎，假装一切顺利。
[名师点津]
和pretend有类似用法(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen，appear，seem，claim等及be said to结构。
diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食
vi.节食
(教材P42)I worried about my weight and tried every new diet I read about online.
我担心我的体重并且尝试我从网络上读到的每一种新的节食(方法)。
a balanced diet 平衡膳食 be on a diet 节食 go on a diet 节食
①A good diet is beneficial to health.
良好的饮食有益于健康。
②Are you still on a diet？(＝Are you still dieting？)
你还在节食吗？
③I decided to go on a diet before my holiday.
我决定在休假前节食。
④If you do not mind，could you tell me when you begin to be on a diet?
如果你不介意的话，请告诉我你是什么时候开始节食的。
make a difference 有作用或影响
(教材P42)I had no idea a letter could make such a difference!
我没有想到一个字母会有这么大的影响！
make a difference 有差别，造成影响，起作用 make all the difference 关系重大，大不相同 make some difference to 对……有些关系 make no/little difference 没影响，不重要 tell the difference between...and... 辨别出……
①A few kind words at the right time make all the difference.
在恰当的时候说几句体贴话，效果会迥然不同。
②The travel made a great difference to his later life.
这次旅行对他以后的人生很有影响。
③It makes no/little difference to me whether it rains or not，for I'll stay at home to have a sleep.
下不下雨对我没有影响，因为我将要待在家里睡觉。
④One false step will make a great difference.
失之毫厘，谬以千里。
⑤The twins are so alike.It's difficult to tell(tell) the difference.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分出谁是谁。
rather than 而不是
(教材P42)Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.
一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重时，情况就开始改变了。
(1)rather than 而不是 rather sb.than sb. 不想做别人要去做的事 (2)or rather 更确切地说；更准确地讲 (3)
①—I'm going climbing tomorrow.
我明天去爬山。
—Rather you than me.
你去吧，我可不去。
②In the end he had to walk－or rather－run to the office.
最后他不得不走着——应该是跑着——去办公室。
③Pip's sister often abuses him，but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个善良、淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。
④We would rather our daughter stayed(stay) at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.
我们宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里，但是这是她的选择，她已不再是小孩了。
cut out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
(教材P42)Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed，I added healthy foods to my meals.
我在我的饮食里加入了一些健康的食物，而不是停止食用我喜欢的食物。
写出下列句中cut out 的含义
①I cut out the article of the newspaper for you.剪下
②Her mother cut her out of her will.删除
③I'm sick of you two arguing－just cut it out.停止说……，住口
cut in 插嘴，打断讲话 cut across 抄近路穿过；横越 cut down 砍倒；缩减 cut off 切断；割掉；截断(退路等) cut up 切碎；伤心
④Every one of us can make a great effort to cut down the use of energy in our country.
在我们国家，我们每个人都能积极努力地缩减使用能源。
⑤When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt being cut off from the world.
当孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人就感觉和世界隔绝了。
⑥Don't cut in when someone else is talking.
别人讲话时不要插嘴。
now and then 有时，偶尔
(教材P42)I could still have a burger now and then，but I would add a salad or an apple.
我偶尔也吃个汉堡但我会加上一份沙拉或一个苹果。
now and then 有时；偶尔 sometimes 有时 at times 有时；偶尔 occasionally 偶尔 once in a while 偶尔，有时
①I only think of you now and then and then forget.
我只是偶尔会想起你然后又忘掉。
②If you would listen to me once in a while，you might learn something.
如果你偶尔听进去我的劝告，你本来可以学到一些东西。
③He went to work by bike in the past at times.
他过去有时会骑车去上班。
compare...with/to ……与……比较
(教材P42)Finally，I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.
最后我不再把自己与女演员和模特进行比较，也不再找寻我脸上或身体上的不足之处。
A doesn't compare with B A比不上B compared with 与……相比较
①We carefully compared the first report with the second.
我们仔细比较了第一份报告和第二份报告。
②Our school doesn't compare with theirs.
我们的学校比不上他们的。
③Compared with/to some of the things she's said，this was polite.
和她说过的一些话相比，这算是客气。
positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
(教材P42)By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier.
通过对自我和我的身体有了信心后，我也变得更幸福和更健康了。
(1)on the positive side 从好的方面看 be positive about sth. 对某事有信心/乐观 be positive that... 对……有把握；信心 (2)positively adv. 绝对地；肯定地
①One the positive side，profits have increased.
从好的方面看，利润增加了。
②She tried to be more positive about her new job.
她力求对新工作更有信心。
③I can't be positive about what time it happened.
我说不准这事是什么时间发生的。
④She was positive that he had been there.
她确信他曾在场。
stress n．逼迫；压力；重音；重点
vt.加压力于；重读；使焦虑不安
vi.焦虑不安
(1)under stress 在压力之下 put sb.under great stress 使某人感到沉重的压力 lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物 (2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性 (3)stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的 stressful adj. 有压力的
①Cooperation or teamwork，the importance of which is often stressed，plays an important part in football matches.
合作或协作，在足球比赛中起着重要作用，这一点经常被强调。
②We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great stress.
我们原谅了他的坏脾气，因为我们知道他儿子的病使他受到很大的压力。
③Believe it or not，it is a stressful(stress)time for all of us.
信不信由你，对我们所有人来说，这是一个有压力的时期。
(教材P41)A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.
足球队员不应该假装摔倒，即使是它对他/她的球队有帮助。
【要点提炼】 even if 引导让步状语从句；也可用even though。
even if/though引导让步状语从句，语气较强，此外，if，though，although也可引导让步状语从句；意为“虽然，尽管”。
①If life there was full of hardships，it was also full of joy and excitement.
虽然那儿的生活非常艰苦，但是也非常愉快和令人兴奋的。(这里的if相当于even if)
②Air exists everywhere although we can't see it.
尽管我们看不见空气，但它却无处不在。
③Even though/if I understand what you say，I can't agree with you.
虽然我理解你说的话，但我不同意你的意见。
(教材P42)Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.
一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重时，情况就开始改变了。
【要点提炼】 once引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”
once在本句中引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。如果once引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，或从句为“it be...”形式时，从句中的“主语＋be”或“it be”可以省略。
①Once trust is lost，what is left?
一旦失去了信任，还剩下什么呢？
②Once the song is heard，it will never be forgotten.
一旦被听过，这首歌很难被忘记。
③Once seen，the picture is difficult to forget.
一旦看见，这幅画很难被忘记。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You'll never forget the story once you heard it.
2．The task put him under great stress.
3．Compared(compare)with other students，you are lucky enough.
4．He is on a diet to lose weight now.
5．The girl is trying every new diet to be much slimmer(slim)．
6．All the audiences(audience)present at the meeting began thinking about fitness，rather than weight.
7．Even if he was not heathy，he is positive about his future.
8．You are not allowed to look at answers.That's cheating(cheat)．
9．He pretended to be reading(read)when his mother came in.
10．The competitor(compete)won the game at last.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I don't think what he said makes sense.
我认为他所说的话没道理。
2．I like her even if/though she can be annoying now and then.
尽管她有时可能很烦人，但我还是喜欢她。
3．It shows that first aid can really make a difference.
这表明急救真的很有意义。
4．Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.
一旦她下定决心，什么也不能使她改变。
5．Compared with/to English，he prefers math.
与英语相比，他更喜欢数学。
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Section Ⅴ Writing——个人健康手册
本单元的写作项目属于记叙文体类别中的“讲述自身发展变化过程”的记叙文。这类题目要求我们找出自身的问题并描述其状态。然后写出改变的原因及方法。最后表达自己的决心和愿望。
一、基本框架
1．开头(beginning)——开门见山，指出自己的问题，并描述问题的情况或导致的结果。
2．主体(body)——写出想要解决问题的原因及如何解决问题的方法。
3．结尾(ending)——结合上文，表达自己的决心和愿望。
二、注意事项
(1)仔细审题，敲定主题。文章的目的、内容、结构层次以及语言的运用，都要围绕主题进行。
(2)根据情景提示和主题，安排文章的结构层次，用每段的首句即主题句来指明段落的中心思想。安排好关键的主题句，就会使中心更加突出，主题清楚。
(3)要进行审题，初写时，多模仿句型写简单句，循序渐进，逐渐深化。
(4)写作前最好有个简明扼要的提纲，让自己的行文有章可循。审题后要先写出草稿，经过修改之后，再正式成文。
常见精彩开头
1．I started doing sth.two years ago and have been addicted to it.
2．Until last year，I was trying to do...
3．I fall in the bad habit of doing...three years ago.
4．Unluckily I find I have been addicted to...
5．I have been annoyed about the question that....
6．I was anxious that I could not concentrate on...
文章主体部分常用句型
1．I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit.
2．I know it was time for sb.to do sth.
3．I prefer to do rather than do...
4．I would do sth.instead of doing sth.
5．If I feel nervous or stressed，I'll do something...rather than do sth.
6．Rather than do sth.，I would prefer to do sth.
结尾段常用句型
1．Finally，I stopped doing sth....
2．At last I became both healthier and happier by doing...
3．If I weaken and do sth.，again I won't give it up.
4．I'll try again，and I will succeed in the end.
5．I hope I will live as healthy and happy a life as they do.
6．I'm determined not to do the thing any longer.
假如你是李华，两年前开始吸烟并上瘾，现在满身烟味发现很难戒掉，直到有一天因为身体不适被学校足球队除名，开始下决心戒烟。方法如下：
1．扔掉最后一包烟，列出戒烟的好处；
2．随时提醒自己是非吸烟者；
3．在紧张或压抑时做放松练习。
请你根据上述内容写一篇100词左右的记叙文。
要求：1.表达清楚，语言简洁，流畅；
2．尽量运用对比等方法进行细节描述，突出人物的变化发展过程。
提示词：cigarette 香烟 non?smoker 非吸烟者
体裁 记叙文 时态 一般过去时和一般现在时为主
主题 写人的记叙文 人称 第一人称
结构 第一段：指出问题及其状态；第二段：解决问题的原因和方法； 第三段：表达作者的决心和愿望。
Ⅰ.精选单词短语
1．quit 停止；戒掉
2．addicted 有瘾的，上瘾的
3．give up 放弃，戒掉
4．rather than而不是
5．make a list of 列表……
Ⅱ.巧用句式语法
(一)完成句子
1．I find it difficult to give it up.
我发现戒掉它很难。(it作形式宾语)
2．I know it's time for me to quit smoking.
我知道是该戒烟了。(It's time for sb.to do sth.)
3．Every time I feel like smoking a cigarette,_I will remind myself that I'm a non?smoker instead of turning to it.
每次我想吸烟时就提醒自己是非吸烟者而不是去拿烟(吸)。(every time用作连词，instead of)
4．If I feel nervous or stressed，I'll do some relaxation exercises rather than reach for a cigarette.
如果我感觉紧张或压抑时，我会做一些放松练习而不是去抽烟。
5．I do hope I can live as healthy and happy a life as others do.
我真的希望我能和其他人一样过健康和幸福的生活。(强调谓语动词，as...as)
(二)句式升级
6．虽然我没有进行过多的运动，我也常常变得气喘吁吁和疲惫不堪。(用even if/though改写)
Although/Though I didn't take much exercise，I often become breathless and very tired.
→I often became breathless and very tired even if/though I didn't take much exercise.
7．我是时候该戒烟了。(用It's high time that 从句)
It's time for me to give up smoking.
→It's high time that I gave up smoking.
8．我一想要吸烟就提醒自己是一位非吸烟者。(用every time改写)
Remind myself that I was a non?smoker as soon as I would like to smoke.
→Remind myself that I was a non?smoker every time I felt like smoking.
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[参考范文]
I started smoking two years ago，and then I had been addicted to it.My friends and family all thought I smelt terrible，but I found it hard to give it up.I also noticed that I often became breathless and tired，even though I didn't take much exercise.
Until one day last year，I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit，I know it was time for me to quit smoking.Firstly I throw away the last packet of cigarettes and made a list of all the benefits I would get from stopping smoking.Secondly，remind myself that I was a non?smoker instead of turning to cigarettes every time I felt like smoking.In the end，if I felt nervous or stressed，I would do some relaxation exercises rather than reach for a cigarette.
Finally I stopped smoking.Now I'm one of the members of our football team again.I also can focus on my study.I do hope I can live as healthy and happy a life as others do from now on.
【导读】 《我的生活》是海伦·凯勒的处女作。作品一发表，立即在美国引起了轰动，被称为“世界文学史上无与伦比的杰作”。本书由海伦·凯勒的《我的生活》《走出黑暗》《老师》三本书以及发表在美国《大西洋月刊》上的著名散文《假如给我三天光明》编译而成，完整系统地介绍了海伦·凯勒丰富、生动、真实而伟大的一生，许多文字还是第一次与中国读者见面。
【节选】
The Story of My Life
It is with a kind of fear that I begin to write the history of my life.I have，as it were，a superstitious hesitation in lifting the veil that clings about my childhood like a golden mist.The task of writing an autobiography is a difficult one.When I try to classify my earliest impressions，I find that fact and fancy look alike across the years that link the past with the present.The woman paints the child's experiences in her own fantasy.A few impressions stand out vividly from the first years of my life；but“the shadows of the prison?house are on the rest”．Besides，many of the joys and sorrows of childhood have lost their poignancy；and many incidents of vital importance in my early education have been forgotten in the excitement of great discoveries.In order，therefore，not to be tedious I shall try to present in a series of sketches only the episodes that seem to me to be the most interesting and important.
I was born on June 27,1880，in Tuscumbia，a little town of northern Alabama.
The family on my father's side is descended from Caspar Keller，a native of Switzerland，who settled in Maryland.One of my Swiss ancestors was the first teacher of the deaf in Zurich and wrote a book on the subject of their education—rather a singular coincidence；though it is true that there is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors，and no slave who has not had a king among his.
My grandfather，Caspar Keller's son，“entered”large tracts of land in Alabama and finally settled there.I have been told that once a year he went from Tuscumbia to Philadelphia on horseback to purchase supplies for the plantation，and my aunt has in her possession many of the letters to his family，which give charming and vivid accounts of these trips.
我的生活
我是怀着惴惴不安的心情书写我生活的历史的。在我整个的童年时代，生活犹如笼罩在我身边的一团金色雾霭。冥冥之中，我是懵懂而迟疑地揭开生活的面纱的。每当我试图分辨孩童时期记忆的时候，我就会发现，往昔的时光美好而真实，它如同一条纽带，同此时此刻的我紧紧相连。女人们通常会以富于想象力的方式来描述自己的童年经历。虽然，那些鲜活而生动的记忆来自我生命的最初时光，但是，“牢房一般的阴暗将伴随着我的余生”。此外，童年时代的欢乐和悲伤大都成为往事前尘，它们已然失去了当时的锋芒；在我接受早期教育过程中的那些重大事件，已经随着更加激动人心的伟大发现而被淡忘。因此，从这个意义上来说，将我生活中那些至关重要的章节做一个全盘性的勾勒，于我倒并不是一件枯燥乏味的工作。
我于1880年6月27日出生在亚拉巴马州北部的一个叫作图斯康比亚的小镇。
我父亲家的先人是来自瑞士的卡斯帕·凯勒家族，他们最初定居在马里兰州。在我的瑞士祖先中，有一个人曾是苏黎世聋哑学校的首位教师，他曾写过一本有关教学生涯的书——这似乎具有某种一脉相承的偶然性；尽管在他的祖先中没有王者，也不曾豢养过一个奴隶，而且，在早期先民之中，也没有奴隶曾隶属于一位王者。
我的祖父，卡斯帕·凯勒家族之子，“进入”了亚拉巴马州这片广袤的土地并最终在此定居。我后来得知，曾经有那么一年，祖父骑马从图斯康比亚前往费城，为的是给种植园添置一些耕作用具。在我姑妈寄来的许多家信中，曾对祖父的这些旅行有过生动而清晰的记述。
[知识积累]
1．classify vt. 分类；分等
2．fancy n. 幻想
3．vividly adv. 生动地
4．coincidence n. 巧合
5．purchase vt. 购买
[文化链接]
《假如给我三天光明》是美国当代作家海伦·凯勒的散文代表作。该文的前半部分主要写了海伦变成盲聋人后的生活，后半部分则介绍了海伦的求学生涯。同时也介绍她体会不同的丰富多彩的生活以及她的慈善活动等等。她以一个身残志坚的柔弱女子的视角，告诫身体健全的人们应珍惜生命，珍惜造物主赐予的一切。
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