Welcome unit
【新生寄语】
我们为什么要上学？
演讲时间：2009年9月8日
——美国总统奥巴马在弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿郡韦克菲尔德高中开学典礼的励志演讲稿
I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school. But I'm here today because I have something important to discuss with you.I'm here because I want to talk with you about your education and what's expected of all of you in this new school year.
I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself.Every single one of you has something that you're good at.Every single one of you has something to offer.And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is.That's the opportunity an education can provide.
And no matter what you want to do with your life，I guarantee that you'll need an education to do it.You want to be a doctor，or a teacher，or a police officer? You're going to need a good education for every single one of those careers.You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job.You've got to train for it and work for it and learn for it.
And this isn't just important for your own life and your own future. What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country.What you're learning in school today will etermine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future.
We need every single one of you to develop your talents and your skills and your intellect so you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.If you don't do that－if you quit on school－you're not just quitting on yourself，you're quitting on your country.
Now，I know it's not always easy to do well in school.I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your schoolwork.
Some of you might not have those advantages.Maybe you don't have adults in your life who give you the support that you need.Maybe someone in your family has lost their job and there's not enough money to go around.Maybe you live in a neighborhood where you don't feel safe，or have friends who are pressuring you to do things that you know aren't right.
But at the end of the day，the circumstances of your life－what you look like，where you come from，how much money you have，what you've got going on at home － none of that is an excuse for neglecting your homework or having a bad attitude in school.That's no excuse for talking back to your teacher，or cutting class，or dropping out of school.There is no excuse for not trying.
Where you are right now doesn't have to determine where you'll end up.No one's written your destiny for you，you write your own destiny.
That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education － and do everything you can to meet them.Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework，paying attention in class，or spending some time each day reading a book.
我知道你们有些人还在适应开学后的生活。但我今天来到这里是因为有重要的事情要和你们说。我来这里是要和你们谈谈你们的教育问题，以及在这个新学年对你们所有人的期望。
我首先要讲讲你们对自己应尽的责任。你们每个人都有自己的长处。你们每个人都能做出自己的贡献。你们对自己应尽的责任是发现自己的能力所在。而教育能够提供这样的机会。
不论你的生活志向是什么，我敢肯定你必须上学读书才能实现它。你想当医生、教师或警官吗？你必须接受良好的教育，才能从事上述任何一种职业。你不能指望辍学后能碰上个好工作。你必须接受培训，为之努力，为之学习。
这并非只对你个人的人生和未来意义重大。可以毫不夸大地说，教育给你带来的益处将决定这个国家的未来。你们今日在校学习的知识将决定我们作为一个国家是否能够迎接我们未来所面临的最严峻的挑战。
我们需要你们每个人发挥你们的聪明才智和技能，以便帮助老一辈人解决我们面临的最棘手的问题。如果你们不这样做，如果你们辍学，你们不仅仅是自暴自弃，也是抛弃自己的国家。
现在，我自然知道要做到学业优秀并非总是易事。我知道你们许多人在生活中面临挑战，难以集中精力从事学业。
你们中有一些人可能没有那些有利条件。或许你们生活中没有成年人为你们提供你们所需要的支持。或许你们家中有人失业，经济非常拮据。或许你们生活在使你们感觉不安全的社区，或有朋友逼迫你们去做你们知道不对的事情。
然而说到底，你们生活的环境、你们的肤色、你们的原籍、你们的经济收入、你们家中的境况等等，这一切都不是疏忽学业和态度恶劣的借口。你们没有理由不服从你们的老师、逃学、或辍学。没有理由不付出努力。
你们目前的状况并不决定着你们的未来。没有人决定你们的命运，你们决定自己的命运。
因此，我今天呼吁你们每一个人为自己的教育设定目标，并尽自己的最大努力来实现这些目标。你的目标可以是一件十分简单的事情，例如完成家庭作业、上课专心听讲、或每天花一点时间读一本书。
【名言警句】
1．做一个决定，并不难，难的是付诸行动，并且坚持到底。
It is not difficult to make a decision，and is put into action，and stick to it.
2．善于把握生命的每一个瞬间，才能感受人生的每一个精彩。
Seize every moment of life，can feel every wonderful life.
3．学习不是一朝一夕的事情，需要平时积累，需要平时的勤学苦练。
Learning doesn't happen overnight，need to accumulate at ordinary times，need the usual study hard.
4．开启成功之门的钥匙有三：一是勤勉的精力，二是科学的法子，三是良好的心态。
The key to the door of success has three: one is the industry of energy，and the second is a scientific way，three is a good state of mind.
5．人生舞台的大幕随时都可能拉开，关键是你愿意表演，还是选择躲避。
Stage of the life should be open at any moment，the key is you willing to performance，still choose to avoid.
6．世界上最富有的人，是跌倒最多的人。世界上最勇敢的人，是每次跌倒都能爬起来的人！
The richest man in the world is falling the most.The bravest man in the world is getting up every time we fall!
7．不为失败找理由，要为成功找方法。
No excuses for failure，want to find methods for success.
8．成功是别人失败时还在坚持。
Success is only for those who keep going on while others give up.
9．世上最重要的事，不在于我们在何处，而在于我们朝着什么方向走。
The most important thing in the world is not where we are，but what we are moving in the direction.
10．除了学习，我们别无选择。
In addition to learning，we have no other choice.
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking——Comprehending
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.exchange A．vt.&vi.探索；勘探
( )2.register B．n.交换；交流vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换
( )3.design C．adj.令人尴尬的；难对付的
( )4.anxious D．n.实验；试验
( )5.annoy E．vt.使恼怒；打扰
( )6.experiment F．adj.焦虑的，不安的
( )7.awkward G．vt.&vi.登记；注册
( )8.explore H．n.设计；设计方案 vt.设计；筹划
[答案] 1－5 BGHFE 6－8 DCA
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．终于，最后 B．留下好印象 C．集中精力于 D．不打扰；不惊动 E．(美国)高中 F．(美国)初级中学
( )1.They overcame all the difficulty and finished the task on time at last.
( )2.It is so noisy that I can't concentrate on my study.
( )3.Xie Lei was admitted by a senior high school in New York last month，which made her and her parents excited.
( )4.What the young boy did at the site made a good impression to all the people.
( )5.They are doing an experiment，please be quiet and leave them alone.
( )6.Tom left America for China after graduating from the junior high school.
[答案] 1－6 ACEBDF
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P4课文内容，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1 A．Han Jing wonders what his life
in senior high school will be.
2．Para.2 B．Han Jing is confident of his life
in the senior high school.
3．Para.3 C．Han Jing's first maths class.
4．Para.4 D．Han Jing's first chemistry class.
[答案] 1－4 ACDB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
Ⅰ.细读P4课文内容，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Han Jing is outgoing，so she believes she can make a good first impression to her new classmates and teachers.(F)
2．Han Jing thinks maths very difficult in senior high school.(T)
3．Han Jing couldn't concentrate on the experiment because the chemistry class was difficult.(F)
4．Han Jing thinks her life in the senior high school will be great.(T)
Ⅱ.细读P4课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．According to the passage，we know ________.
A．Han Jing made a good first impression on her classmates and teachers
B．Han Jing's maths teacher is very funny
C．Han Jing didn't tell the guy next to her to be quiet
D．Han Jing left the boy alone at her chemistry class
2．How does Han Jing feel about the future in senior high school?
A．awkward B．frightened
C．anxious D．confident
3．Han Jing's feelings changed because________.
A．her lab is new and the lesson was great
B．she found all her classmates and teachers friendly and helpful
C．some students in senior high school would talk to her
D．she felt confident of her life in senior high school
[答案] 1－3 CDD
第三步 研读——能力升华接轨高考
根据P4课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Today Han Jing began her first day in senior high school at 7：00 am.She was 1.anxious(anxiety)about the problems whether she can make a good first 2.impression(impress)on her classmates and teachers or whether she can make any friends here.She also didn't know what 3.if no one talked to her.
In the morning，she had her first maths class.She found most of her classmates and teachers 4.friendly(friend)and helpful 5.though the class was difficult.
In the afternoon she had her chemistry in the science lab.The lab is new and the lesson was great，but the guy next to her tried to talk to her the whole time，which made her not 6.concentrate(concentration) on the experiment.
After a whole day of study，she didn't feel awkward or 7.frightened (frighten) at all，she believed she would make new friends and 8.that there was a lot 9.to explore (explore) here，she felt much more 10.confident(confidence) about her future in the school now.
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Section Ⅱ Listening and Speaking &Reading and Thinking——Language Points
Ⅰ.重点单词
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．exchange n．交换；交流vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换
2．lecture n．讲座；讲课；教训vi.(开)讲座；讲课vt.训斥
3．formal adj.正式的，正规的
4．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的
5．frightened adj.惊吓的；害怕的
6．outgoing adj.爱交际的；外向的
7．experiment n．实验；试验
8．awkward adj.令人尴尬的；难对付的
9．guy n．小伙子；男人；家伙
10．explore vt.&vi.探索；勘探
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．register vt.&vi.登记；注册→registration n．登记；注册；挂号
2．male 男(性)的，雄的 n．雄性动(植)物，男子→female adj.女(性)的；雌的n.雌性动(植)物，女子
3．nation n．国家；民族；国民→national adj.国家的，民族的→nationality n．国籍；民族
4．design n．设计；设计方案 vt.设计；筹划→designer n．设计者
5．annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰→annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的
6．impress vt.使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象vi.留下印象；引人注目→impression n．印象；感想
7．confident adj.自信的；有把握的→confidence n．信心；信任
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．at last 终于，最终
2．senior high school (美国)高中
3．make an impression 留下好印象
4．concentrate on 集中精力于
5．leave...alone 不打扰；不惊动
6．junior high school (美国)初级中学
背教材原句 记句式结构 仿写促落实
1.What if none talks to me？要是没有人和我讲话该怎么办？ what if 要是……会怎么样？ What if he doesn't agree with me？要是他不同意我的看法怎么办？
2.What a day！多么棒的一天啊！ 感叹句及其省略 What a game！多好的游戏啊！
exchange n．交换；交流
vt.交换，交流；交易；兑换
(教材P2)I'm an exchange student from the UK.
我是一名来自英国的交换生。
(1)make an exchange 交换 in exchange(for...) 作为交换(……) (2)exchange sth.for sth. 用……交换…… exchange sth.with sb. 与某人交换某物 (3)exchange student 两国交换的留学生 cultural exchange 文化交流
①What would you give me in exchange for my recorder?
我把我的录音机给你，那你用什么作为交换呢？
②Could you exchange some money for me?
你能帮我兑换一些钱吗？
③I will take full advantage of the chance to exchange(exchange) views with them.
我会充分利用这次机会和他们交换观点。
designer n．设计者
(教材P2)A designer 一名设计者
design (1)vt.&vi. 规划，设计，构思，计划 (2)n. 设计，图案，构思，计划 be designed to do sth. 目的是…… in design 在设计上 by design＝on purpose 故意地 design sth.for sth. 打算作……用(常使用被动形 式be designed for)
①This book which is_designed(design) to help children read turns out a success.
打算用来帮助孩子阅读的这本书很成功。
②This film is designed for the children.
这部电影是专门为孩子们设计的。
③Whether by accident or by design，he arrived too late to help us.
不知是偶然还是故意，他到的时候已经太晚了，帮助不了我们了。
senior adj.级别(或地位)高的
n.较年长的人
(教材P4)How did you feel on your first day of senior high school?
你对第一天的高中生活感觉如何啊？
be...years sb.'s senior 比某人年长……岁 be senior to 比……(级别或地位)高
①Her husband is five years her senior.
她丈夫比她年长五岁。
②There are only 2 posts that are senior to mine.
只有两个职位比我的高。
③He is senior to me.
他的职位比我高。
anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的
(教材P4)I'm not outgoing so I'm a little anxious right now.
由于我不太善于交际所以现在我有点不安。
(1)be anxious for/about 为……担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事 be anxious for sb.to do sth. 急于让某人做某事 (2)anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；渴望 with anxiety 焦虑地 (3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地
①I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm anxious to get (get) help from you.
别人告诉我辅导中心可以给学生提供帮助，我急于想从您那儿得到一些帮助。
②He was anxious about/for his family，who were travelling abroad.
他担心在国外旅行的家眷。
③We waited with anxiety/anxiously for our examination results.
我们焦急地等待着考试结果。
annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的
(1)get/be annoyed with sb. 对某人恼火/烦 be annoyed about at/with sth. 对……恼怒 be annoyed to do sth. 讨厌做…… be annoyed that 从句 恼怒 (2)annoy v. 使恼怒，使烦躁 (3)annoying adj. 令人恼火的，令人烦躁的
①The kids wouldn't stop talking，and I was beginning to get annoyed with them.
孩子们不停地说话，我对他们开始有点烦了。
②We were annoyed to find(find) him to break the window.
发现他打破了窗户我们很恼火。
③What's really annoying(annoy) is that he made the same mistake last time.
真让人恼火的是他上次犯了同样的错误。
impression n．印象；感想
(教材P4)I want to make a good first impression.
我想留一个好的第一印象。
(1)使某人牢记某事 be impressed by/at/with 对……印象深刻 be impressed on one's mind/memory 被印在脑海里 (2)impression n. 印象；感想 leave/make a(n)．..impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象
①My father impressed me with the value of hard work.
＝My father impressed the value of hard work on me.
我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。
②For some reason，she was impressed (impress)with my work and me.
由于某种原因，她对我和我的工作印象深刻。
③The new teacher made/left a good impression on the students.
那位新老师给同学们留下了好印象。
concentrate on 集中精力于
(教材P4)I couldn't concentrate on the experiment.
我不能集中精力于实验上。
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth.专心(做)某事 concentrate one's mind/attention on 集中注意力于；致力于；专心于 (2)concentration n. 集中；专心
①She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
为了集中精力学习，她已经拒绝了几个在时装秀中担当主角的邀请。
②We must concentrate our mind/attention on improving education.
我们必须致力于改善教育。
③For example，I can just concentrate on reading (read) for a short time.
例如，我只能短时间内专心读书。
leave...alone 不打扰，不惊动
(教材P4)I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone!
我真想告诉他，请他安静，别打扰我。
leave behind 把(某人或某物)落在后面，超过；遗忘 leave aside 不考虑 leave out 漏掉，删掉
①He had to leave his family behind in Canada.
他只好把家人留在了加拿大。
②We decided to leave the chapter out of the book.
我们决定把这一章从这本书中删掉。
③The baby is sleeping，please leave her alone.
孩子正在睡觉，请不要打扰她。
junior adj.地位(或职位、级别)低下的
n.职位较低者；(体育运动中)青少年
(教材P4)I miss my friends from junior high school，...
我想念我初中的朋友，……
be junior to sb. (职责和权力)低于某人 be...years sb.'s junior 比某人小……岁
①Diane is 12 years her husband's junior.
黛安娜比她丈夫小12岁。
②My job is to control the people who is junior to me.
我的工作是控制那些职位在我之下的人。
[温馨提示]
senior与junior是一组对应词，其用法相似。注意表示比……地位高/低时用“to”而不用than。
confident adj.自信的；有把握的
(教材P4)I feel much more confident than I felt this morning.
我比今天早上感觉自信多了。
(1)be confident of/about 对……有信心 confidence n. 自信心；信任 (2)with confidence 自信地；有信心地 in confidence 私下地；秘密地 have confidence in 对……有信心 have confidence to do... 有做……的信心
①He was confident of/about success/that he would succeed.
他对成功有信心。
②He answered that question with confidence.
他很自信地回答了那个问题。
③I told you that in confidence so why did you tell Joan about it?
我是私下告诉你的，你怎么又告诉了琼呢？
④We should encourage him to have confidence in himself.
我们应该鼓励他对自己有信心。
[易错点拨]
表示“自信能做某事”时，be confident后通常接of/about doing sth.或that从句，不接不定式，但名词confidence后面却可接不定式，不接of/about doing。
(教材P4)What if no one talks to me?
要是没有人和我讲话该怎么办？
【要点提炼】 What if...？“如果……将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系？”为省略结构，相当于What shall we/I do if...？what if中what 可看作是what should sb.do或what does it matter或what would happen的省略。what if用于提出假设时，其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或should＋动词原形)。
What for？ 为何目的，为何理由？ So what? 那又怎么样？ What/How about...? ……怎么样？ Guess what? 你猜怎么着？
①What if we moved the sofa over there？Would that look better?
要是我们把那边沙发挪一下会怎么样？看上去会不会好一些？
②—She will be angry with what you have done.
—So what?
——她会为你所做的事情生气的。
——那又怎样？
③Seven months ago I never would have believed this，but guess what？Bart Conner is on that team.
七个月前我根本就不信，但是你猜怎么着？巴特·康纳就在那个队里。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He exchanged a quick smile with her and then entered the lift.
2．The kind of desk is designed for children in the school.
3．They waited anxiously(anxious) at the school gate for their child.
4．The boys were so noisy that I got annoyed(annoy) with them finally.
5．There are only two posts that are senior to me.
6．He left a good impression(impress) on his boss on the first day.
7．He felt frightened(frighten) at the big snake in the pool.
8．He didn't do many experiments(experiment) in the science lab.
9．Han Jing loves her life in senior high school，because there's a lot to explore(explore)．
Ⅱ.用下列短语的适当形式填空
at last；make an impression；concentrate on；leave...alone；junior high school
1．He prepared his lecture very carefully to make an impression on the audience.
2．He finished the task with the help of the local people at last.
3．The boy got into the habit of concentrating on reading since he was very young.
4．Han Jing was glad that she was in Grade 1 in junior high school.
5．You'd better leave her alone for he was doing an important experiment.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Han Mei was not confident of/about her English as she came to the USA for the first time.
由于是第一次来美国，韩梅对自己的英语不太自信。
2．What if I can't hand in my homework on time?
要是我不能准时交作业怎么办？
3．Han Jing didn't feel awkward and frightened at all after a day of study.
经过一天的学习之后，韩静一点也不感到尴尬和恐惧了。
4．If you concentrate on your study，you will make greater progress.
如果你能集中精力于学习中，你会取得更大进步。
5．Han Jing felt anxious at her school life at first as she was not outgoing.
由于不善交际，韩静起初很担心她的学校生活。
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Section Ⅲ Grammar——句子成分及简单句的基本句型
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句 后自主感悟
1.People speak in a more polite way in formal situations. 2.A boy meets a girl during a break. 3.The class was difficult. 4.He even told us a funny story. 5.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 6.I just had my first maths class in senior high school！7.There's a lot to explore in senior high. 一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成，这些部分叫作句子成分。句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、同位语和独立成分。句子的主要成分是主语和谓语，而充当谓语的动词有不同的种类，这就形成了英语简单句的不同句型。共有五种基本句型和there be结构。
一、句子成分
1．主语(The Subject)
主语是一个句子叙述的主体，说明句子讲的是谁或者是什么情况。能够充当主语的词通常有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词?ing形式等，也可由从句来作主语。
To say it is one thing；to do it is another.
说是一回事；做是另一回事。(不定式作主语)
What we can't get seems better than what we have.
我们得不到的似乎比我们拥有的更好。(从句作主语)
2．谓语(The Predicate)
谓语一般放在主语之后，用来说明主语的动作、特征、行为或存在的状语。谓语通常由动词或短语动词来充当，具有各种时态、语态和语气的变化，前面还可以加上助动词或情态动词等。
The room can hold twenty people.
这屋子可容下20个人。
My legs gave out after the long trip.
长途跋涉后我的腿筋疲力尽了。
3．表语(The Predicative)
表语用来表述主语的特征、状态、身份等，一般跟在连系动词之后，一起构成系表结构。可以用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语、从句等。
He is a light eater but a heavy sleeper.
他这人饭吃得少却很能睡。
Keep still while I photograph you.
我在给你照相时你不要动。
That's where I was born.
那就是我出生的地方。
4．宾语(The Object)
宾语在句中充当动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后，表明行为动作的支配对象。可以充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词?ing形式或从句等。在英语中，介词之后的句子成分也通常称之为宾语。
Drug taking is against the law.
吸毒是违法的。
He promised to come as soon as possible.
他答应尽快来。
I remember giving her money back last week.
我记得上星期已经还给她钱了。
①有些动词后面可以带双宾语，即间接宾语(通常是人)和直接宾语(通常是物)。在一般情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语之前；如果间接宾语跟在直接宾语之后要使用介词to或for。
They will give us all the books.(本句中间接宾语us表示动作是对谁做的)
他们将把所有的书给我们。
＝They will give all the books to us.
Dad bought me a new CD player.(本句中间接宾语me表示动作是为谁做的)
爸爸给我买了一台新的CD播放机。
＝Dad bought a new CD player for me.
②但有时间接宾语前的介词使用要根据动词的固定搭配来决定。
李老师上课问了我一个问题。
那孩子捉弄了我一下。
5．宾语补足语(The Object Complement)
英语中有些及物动词，除了有直接宾语外，还必须有一个补充说明宾语怎么样、做什么等的成分，句子的意思才能完整。句子的这一成分称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。能够充当宾语补足语的词有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及非谓语动词等。
His fellows chose him captain of their team.
他的队友们选他当了队长。
His words immediately set us laughing.
他的话立即把我们都逗乐了。
They found everything in the exhibition in good order.
他们发现展览会上每件东西都放得井井有条。
6．定语(The Attribute)
定语通常用来修饰名词或代词，说明其品质或特征。可用作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语以及从句等。单个的词作定语时一般位于被修饰的名词前面，短语和从句作定语时一般位于被修饰词的后面。
Rowling is a writer full of great imagination.
罗琳是一个富有想象力的作家。
The future to greet us will be bright.
我们的未来会是十分美好的。
Anyone who breaks the rule shall be punished.
任何违规的人都将受到处罚。
7．状语(The Adverbial)
状语在句中通常修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句，用来说明事情发生或存在的时间、地位、原因、目的、方式等。可用作状语的有副词、非谓语动词、介词短语以及从句等。状语的位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末。
We really want that equipment.
我们确实需要那台设备。
Given more time，he would be able to do better.
假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。
The dress won't match your hairstyle if it is shortened.
这裙子如果改短了的话，与你的发型不相称了。
8．同位语(The Appositive)
同位语由名词或名词词组、代词或从句构成，用于说明或解释它之前的名词或代词的内容或情况，其句法作用和所修饰的名词相同。
Her mother has three children，two boys and a girl.
她妈妈生了三个孩子：两个男孩和一个女孩。
Then came the most exciting moment，the one we could never forget.
接着是最激动人心的时刻，一个我们永远也忘不了的时刻。
This is the problem that we cannot find enough skilled workers for this project.
问题是我们无法为此工程找到那么多的熟练工。
9．独立成分
在句子中插入一个词或词组，这个词或词组并不和句子的其他成分发生语法关系，如修饰关系、一致关系或连接关系等，从而是一种独立成分。独立成分包括呼唤语、感叹语和插入语等。
Hurry up，comrades，or we'll be late.
快点，同志们，要不然我们就迟到了。(呼唤语)
Well，here we are at last!
好啦，我们终于到了！(感叹语)
This is all we have got，you see.
你瞧，我们所有的东西都在这里了。(插入语)
[名师点津]
同位语一般紧跟其说明的成分之后，但有时为了平衡句子的结构，也可位于句首或被其他成分所分隔开。
A person of French origin，he is now an American citizen.
他的籍贯在法国，但他现在是美国公民。(主语是人称代词he)
The thought came to him that he should immediately leave the hotel.
一个念头出现在他脑子里——他应立即离开酒店。(谓语动词太短)
英语中常见的感叹语
Ah 啊(表示惊讶、痛苦、喜悦等)
Oh 哦，哎哟(表示惊讶、害怕等)
Mm 唔(表示同意)
Wow 哇(表示惊叹、赞美)
Yippee 啊呀(表示开心、快乐)
Hey 嗨(用于引起注意)
Come 得啦(表示鼓励、劝导)
My 哎呀(表示惊讶、高兴)
There 好了(表示放松、满意)
Aha 啊哈(表示愉快或得意)
Ouch 哎唷(表示痛哭)
Pooh 呸(表示轻蔑)
Tut 嘘(表示焦虑、责难)
Hush 嘘(叫人安静)
Well 噢(表示惊讶、快慰、让步等)
Why 哎呀(表示惊讶、不耐烦)
What 什么(表示惊讶、气愤、不相信)
Here 喂(用来引人注意或表示异议)
二、五种基本句型
句子的主要成分是主语和谓语，而充当谓语的动词有不同的种类，这就形成了英语简单句的不同句型。
1．主语＋连系动词＋表语
该句型可简称为“主系表结构(SVP)”。
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
想象力比知识更重要。
The sky looks gray.
天空看上去灰蒙蒙的。
2．主语＋谓语
该句型可简称为“主谓结构(SV)”，谓语是不及物动词或短语动词。
Birds can fly.
鸟儿会飞。
The weather varies from day to day.
天气一天天变化。
3．主语＋谓语＋宾语
该句型可简称为“主谓宾结构(SVO)”，谓语通常是及物动词或短语动词。
Not all boys enjoy playing football.
并非所有男孩都爱踢足球。
Air pollution alone causes almost three million deaths every year.
仅空气污染每年就要造成三百万人死亡。
4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
该句型可简称为“主谓宾宾结构(SVOO)”，间接宾语通常是人，直接宾语通常是物。
She made me a cup of tea.
她给我沏了一杯茶。
Could you offer her a job in your stadium?
你能在演播室给她安排一个职位吗？
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
该句型可简称为“主谓宾宾补结构(SVOC)”，宾语补足语与宾语一起构成复合宾语。
He painted the ceiling yellow.
他把天花板漆成了黄色。
No one saw him go out.
没人看见他出去。
[锦囊妙记]
英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型关键是动词，各种搭配随之变；系词后面跟表语，vi.单用无宾语；vt.又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见，还有宾语补足语，各种结构记心间。
三、there be结构
there be结构是中学英语中一种常见的特殊句子结构，在这种结构中，there本身并没有什么意义，其后的动词(通常是be)往往表示“存在”的意思，所以there be结构也称之为“存在句”。
1．there be结构的构成
A．there be结构主要由“there＋be＋名词主语＋其他”构成。there be结构中的谓语动词的人称和数的形式要与最近的主语保持一致。
There is no loyal road to learning.
学问之道无捷径。
There is a doctor and two nurses in the medical team.
这个医疗队由1位医生和2名护士组成。
There were no footprints to be seen.
看不见任何足迹。
B．there be结构中的be有多种谓语表现形式。
There is going to be a film this weekend.
这个周末有电影。
There seems to be no suitable work for him.
看来似乎没有任何合适的工作让他去干。
There happened to be nobody in the room.
碰巧屋里无人。
C．there be结构中的动词be可被其他动词替换。
there be结构中的谓语动词并非只有be，在很多时候，尤其在文学作品中，其谓语动词也可以是其他实义动词。
①表示存在或位置的动词。
这类动词常见的有exist，live，stand，lie，remain等。
There exist many ancient temples on the shore of the Mediterranean.
地中海沿岸有许多古庙。
There stands in the Tian'anmen Square the Monument to the People's Heroes.
天安门广场上矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。
②表示运动或方向的动词。
这类动词常见的有come，go，walk，run，flow，arrive，follow，pass等。
Suddenly there came a knock on the door.
突然传来敲门声。
There flows a stream in front of the village.
村前流淌着一条小溪。
③描绘某事发生或发展的动词。
这类动词常见的有occur，develop，arise，appear等。
There have occurred great changes in my hometown since 1978.
1978年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
There flowed an unpleasant silence.
接着是一阵令人不快的沉默。
D．含有情态动词的there be结构
there be结构中的谓语动词可以和情态动词连用。
There cannot be anyone in the office at this moment.
此时办公室里不可能有人。
There used to be a theatre here.
过去这里曾有一家戏院。
E．there be结构的被动形式
只有少数动词的被动形式可用在there be结构之中，用来表示人们说或认为某事存在。这些动词常见的有expect，say，believe，think，intend，mean等。
There is said to have been shots fired from both sides.
据说双方都开了火。
There is expected to be an exciting lecture next week.
下周预计有一次精彩的讲座。
[巧辨一点通]
There be结构有时和have结构可以互换使用，但有时两者有一定的区别，前者强调“某处有……”，着重“存在”的状态；后者则强调“某人有……”，着重“占有”。
There is going to be a strong wind this afternoon.
今天下午有大风。(主语为物多用there be结构)
A dog has a good nose.
狗有灵敏的鼻子。(表示某人所属，多用have)
There is a computer in every office.
每个办公室都有一台电脑。(强调客观存在)
Every office has a computer.
每个办公室都有一台电脑。(着重人为配备)
2．there be结构的用法
A．表示人或物存在
There aren't so many people interested in protecting wild animals.
关心保护野生动物的人不是很多。
There is a pain in my back.
我的背疼。
B．表示发生某事
There is going to be a storm tonight.
今晚将有一场暴风雨。
Suddenly there entered a student asking for help.
突然走进来一个学生，寻求帮助。
[即时演练]单句语法填空
________ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.
[答案] There 表达“没有必要做某事”常用There is no need to do...句型来表示。There。
3．there be结构的非谓语形式
在书面语中，常出现there be结构的非谓语形式。there be结构的非谓语形式只有两种：there to be和there being。
A．there to be
there to be结构可以在句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。
It is a pity for there to be any disagreement in the class.
班级不和，实在遗憾。(作主语)
We don't want there to be any classmate falling behind.
我们不希望有任何同学掉队。(作动词宾语)
The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.
老师等着完全安静下来。(作介词宾语)
B．there being
there being结构可以在句中充当主语、宾语、状语等句子成分。
There being no index to this book is a disadvantage.
这本书没有索引是个缺陷。(作主语)
There being a supermarket so near，the house is a great advantage.
超市离家那么近是一个很有利的条件。(作状语)
He was disappointed at there being so little to do.
能做的事那么少，他很失望。(作介词宾语)
[特别提醒]
there to be结构作主语时，前面要带for。
For there to be a mistake in a computer's arithmetic is impossible.用计算机进行运算而出错是不可能的。
It was surprising for there not to be any objections.
没有任何反对意见，大大令人吃惊。
英语中有很多there is no...结构，这些结构不表示“存在”的意义，而是用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。
There is no use(in) doing it. 干此事毫无用处。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。
There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相见。
There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不能倒转。
There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。
Ⅰ.分析并划出下列句子中的句子成分
1．He is listening.主语＋谓语
2．He loves his parents.主谓宾
3．She is excited.主系表
4．He offered me a job.主谓双宾
5．I saw him go out.主语宾、宾补
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Great changes have taken(take)place in my hometown in the past 10 years.
2．Her job is to look/looking(look) after the children in the nursery.
3．He taught us(we)English last year.
4．Tom told his parents what had happened in the senior high school.
5．I heard a girl singing (sing) an English song in the next room just now.
6．Our school made it a rule that students should stand up when classes begin.
7．He always has a way of making his class interesting(interest)．
8．You can find there's always something exciting(excite) to do in the open air.
9．Studying(study)the problem makes him clever.
10．There is(be)a book and two pens on the desk.
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Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
速读P8课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．Which of the following statements is true about Ann according to the passage?
A．Ann is a Grade 10 student from South Africa.
B．Ann's favourite subject is dancing and skating.
C．Ann's dream is to be an engineer when she grows up.
D．Ann often reads short stories in her spare time.
2．What doesn't “you'll never see me without a book or a pen” mean about Thando?
A．He often carries a book or a pen.
B．He often works hard in school.
C．He is always in the library or in the computer lab.
D．He likes to collect books and pens.
3．—Why does Thando play computer games on the weekends?
—Because ________.
A．he likes playing computer games
B．he is not busy studying
C．he thinks fast and played hard
D．he wants to start his own IT company in the future
[答案] 1－3 CDD
Ⅰ.重点单词
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．goal n．目标；球门；射门
2．strategy n．策略；策划
3．partner n．同伴；配偶；合伙人
4．company n．公司；商行；陪伴
5．style n．方式；作风
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．organise vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建→organisation n．组织；团体；机构
2．curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→curiously adv.好奇地；求知欲强地→curiosity n．好奇；好奇心
3．personality n．性格；个性→personal adj.本人的；亲身的；有人格的→person 人；个人
4．revise vt.&vi.修改；修订；复习→revision n．修正；复习
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．look forward to 盼望；期待
2．take notes 记笔记
3．flash card 教学卡片；识字卡
4．add...to 把……加到……里
背教材原句 记句式结构 仿写促落实
1.I take notes while listening and reading.在听读时我作笔记。 while listening and reading是状语从句的省略句式。 I felt confident while doing the papers in the classroom.在教室里做试卷时我感到很自信。
2.My dream is to start my own IT company！我的梦想是开家自己的计算机公司！ to start是不定式作表语。 His dream is to become a doctor when he grows up. 他长大后的理想是当医生。
look forward to 盼望；期待
(教材P6)Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
汤姆渴望见到新来的交换生。
look down on/upon 看不起 lok through 浏览；仔细查看；审核 look up 向上看；查阅 look up to 尊敬，敬仰 look back on 回忆，回顾 look at 注视；看待
①Old people enjoy looking back on the past while the young enjoy looking forward to the future.
老人喜欢回忆往事而年轻人则喜欢展望未来。
②The cause of the crash is being looked into now.
这起爆炸案的原因正在被调查。
③I look through newspapers at the table every morning.
我每天早上在餐桌旁边浏览报纸。
[温馨提示]
在look forward to 短语中to是介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。含介词to的常用动词短语还有：lead to导致；get down to开始认真做……
be devoted to 专心于……
be used/accustomed to 习惯于……等。
organise vt.组织；筹备；安排、组建
vi.组建；成立
(教材P7)How does Li Ming organise his thoughts?
李明是怎么组织他的想法的？
organise the masses 组织群众 organise an army 组织军队 organization n. 组织；团体；机构 organised adj. 有组织的；有秩序的 organiser n. 组织者
①They organized a little club for the study of history.
他们组织了一个研究历史的小团体。
②The human body has a very complex organization.
人体有很复杂的组织。
③He is busy with the organization(organise) of a new club.
他正在忙着组织一个新的俱乐部。
④The trade of the software is highly organized(organise)．
这次软件交易组织得非常严密。
take notes 记笔记
(教材P7)I take notes while listening and reading.
在听读时我作笔记。
take/make a note(notes)of... 把……记下来 write sb.a note 给某人写了张条子 leave sb.a note 给某人留了张条子
①I left a note to tell him to attend the meeting this evening.
我留下张条子通知他今晚来开会。
②It will help you later if you take notes of what the teacher says in class.
如果你把老师在课堂上讲的记下来的话，它以后会对你有帮助的。
③You should have a good habit of taking notes(note) in class.
你应该有上课记笔记的好习惯。
④I've written him a note asking him to meet me this evening.
我给他写了张条子，叫他今晚来见我。
curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的
(教材P8)I'm curious about everything.
我对每样东西都很好奇。
(1)be/become curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 极想做某事 It's curious that... 真奇怪…… (2)out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
①In high school，I was/became curious about the computer，and built my first website.
上高中时，我就对电脑很好奇，并建立了我的第一个网站。
②Sally did not answer，but looked at her with curiosity.
萨莉没回答，却好奇地看着她。
③They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity (curious) about scientific discoveries.
它们能帮助我们更好地理解科学话题，并激发我们对科学发现的好奇心。
(教材P7)I take notes while listening and reading.
在听读时我作笔记。
【要点提炼】 while listening and reading 相当于while I was listening and reading。
当时间或条件状语等从句中的主语同主句主语一致或主语是it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语与be动词。
①While climbing(climb)the mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and beautiful view.爬山时，我们欣赏到了温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。
②If accepted(accept)for the job，you'll be informed soon.
如果你被接受做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。
③If necessary，you should turn to your parents for help.
如果有必要，你应该向你的父母求助。
(教材P8)My dream is to start my own IT company!
我的梦想是开家自己的计算机公司！
【要点提炼】 to start my own IT compary 是动词不定式作表语，动词不定式作表语常用来说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。
不定式作表语常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。
①His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
②My job is to clean the rooms every day.
我的工作是每天打扫房间。
③The important thing in life is to have(have) a great goal.
人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He burst into laughter when hearing(hear)the news.
2．Our task is to look(look)after the old in the hospital this Sunday.
3．Out of curiosity(curious)，he opened the box.
4．All the people had a good time at the party because it was well organized (organize)．
5．We are looking forward to seeing(see)the famous star in the square.
6．The day we were looking forward to came(come)at last.
7．Please make a note of what you hear.
8．Tom likes taking notes of the things and people he meets in the life.
9．He revised(revise)his article and handed it into his teacher.
10．He has a very outgoing personality(personal)and makes friends very easily.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The farmers are looking forward to having a good harvest this year.
农民们盼望着今年有个好收成。
2．He met his best friend Thando while walking the dog on the street.
在大街上遛狗时，他遇到了好朋友Thando。
3．His first wish is to make more friends in the new senior high school.
在新的学校里，他的第一个愿望是多交朋友。
4．Babies are curious about the people and things around them.
婴儿对周围的人和物都感到好奇。
5．The teacher asks us to make notes/a note in class.
老师要求我们课上要作笔记。
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Section Ⅴ Writing——写一个学生的自我画像
本单元的写作项目属于新课标中应用体类别中的“自我简介”。这种题目要求我们对自身的客观条件，个性特征及未来的理想目标等进行描述整合。
一、基本框架
1．开头(beginning)——直接交代自己的姓名、年龄、身高和就读学校等。
2．主体(body)——介绍自己的性格特点、爱好和学习风格、并适当说明原因。
3．结尾(ending)——写出自己对未来的理想或计划。
二、注意事项
1．开门见山，直入主题，写清楚自己的姓名、年龄、学校等，不要过于复杂和描述过多。
2．结合自己的性格特点、爱好和学习风格等进行合理描述；注意文章的层次结构，适当选用一些较为高级的词汇和句式。
3．文章结尾要明确自己的理想目标，且为之付出努力。
常见精彩开头
1．My name is...，I'm in Grade 10 at...school.
2．I'm...，I'm studying at...school.
3．I'm...，I'm 16 years old.
4．I'm...，coming from....
5．My name is...，studying at a senior high school in....
描述性格特征、兴趣爱好、学习方式的常用句型
1．I have an outgoing personality so I can make friends....
2．I'm an active person and I love sports.
3．My favourite subject is....
4．I like...best.
5．...is my hobby.
结尾段常用句型
1．I plan to become...in the future.
2．My dream is to start my own...company when I grow up.
3．I wish I would be a．..one day.
4．I hope I can become...in the end.
5．I feel much more confident that...
6．I think that my future tomorrow will....
假如你是李华，请根据下列内容，为自己写一篇“自我画像”。词数在100左右。主要内容应包括：
1．15岁，在新华高级中学上10年级；
2．性格外向、喜欢参加各种体育活动，爱好舞蹈；
3．好奇心强、爱学习、最喜欢英语；
4．理想是成为一名英语老师。
要求：1.表达要清楚，语言简洁，流畅；
2．要思路清晰，层次分明，表达准确完整。
体裁 应用文 时态 一般现在时为主
主题 自我简介 人称 第一人称
结构 第一段：写清楚自己的年龄、姓名、就读学校等。第二段：分析自己的性格特点、爱好等。 第三段：明确自己的理想目标或计划等。
Ⅰ.精选单词短语
1．personality 性格，个性
2．outgoing 爱交际的，外向的
3．organize 组织；安排
4．make an impression on 给……留下好印象
5．senior high school 高中
6．be curious about 对……好奇
Ⅱ.巧用句式语法
(一)完成句子
1．I have an outgoing personality，so I like taking part in all kinds of sports.
我性格外向，因此喜欢参加各种体育运动。(so引导的状语从句)
2．I am curious about everything new around me.
我对周围的一切新事物充满好奇。(不定代词＋形容词)
3．I think it very important to learn Chinese well.
我认为学好语文很重要。(it作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语)
4．My dream is to become an English teacher when I grow up.
我的梦想是长大当一名英语老师。(to do作表语)
(二)句式升级
5．我叫李华，来自北京新华高级中学。(合并成一个句子)
My name is Li Hua，I come from XinHua senior high school in Beijing.
→My name is Li Hua coming from XinHua senior high school in Beijing.
6．我想知道周围的一切新事物。(用be curious about改写)
I went to know everything new around me.
→I'm curious about everything new around me.
7．我最喜欢英语，而且高中第一天英语老师对我印象就很好。(同义句)
I like English best and my English teacher was impressed by me on the first day of senior high school.
→My favorite subject is English and I made a good impression on my English teacher on the first day of senior high school.
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[参考范文]
My name is Li Hua coming from XinHua senior high school in Beijing.I'm in Grade 10 now.
I have an outgoing personality，so I like taking part in all kinds of sports.At the same time I like organizing some games in our school.Dancing is my hobby.I'm curious about everything new around me.I think it very important to learn well.English is my favorite subject，and I made a good impression on my English teacher on the first day of senior high school.
My dream is to become an English teacher when I grow up.
【导读】 每个人都有着不同的童年，作者希望可以重新回到童年，培养自己不同的素养，那么刚刚走出童年的你读完这篇文章有什么感悟呢？
If I Were a Boy Again
If I were a boy again，I would cultivate courage.“Nothing is so mild and gentle as courage，nothing so cruel and pitiless as cowardice，” says a wise author.We too often borrow trouble，and anticipate that may never appear.“The fear of ill exceeds the ill we fear.” Dangers will arise in any career，but presence of mind will often conquer the worst of them.Be prepared for any fate，and there is no harm to be feared.
If I were a boy again I would look on the cheerful side.Life is very much like a mirror: if you smile upon it，it smiles back upon you; but if you frown and look doubtful on it，you will get a similar look in return. Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner，but of all that come in contact with it.“Who shuts love out，in turn shall be shut from love.”
If I were a boy again，I would school myself to say “No” oftener.I might write pages on the importance of leaning very early in life to gain that point where a young boy can stand erect，and decline doing an unworthy act because it is unworthy.
If I were a boy again，I would demand of myself more courtesy towards my companions and friends，and indeed towards strangers as well.The smallest courtesies along the rough roads of life are like the little birds that sing to us all winter long，and make that season of ice and snow more endurable.
Finally，instead of trying hard to be happy，as if that were the only purpose of life，I would，if I were a boy again，try still harder to make others happy.
假如我又回到了童年
假如我又回到了童年，我就要培养勇气。一位明智的作家曾说过：“世上没有东西比勇气更温文尔雅，也没有东西比懦怯更残酷无情。”我们常常过多地自寻烦恼，杞人忧天。 “怕祸害比祸害本身更可怕。”凡事都有危险，但镇定沉着往往能克服最严重的危险。对一切祸福做好准备，那么就没有什么灾难可以害怕的了。
假如我又回到了童年，我就要事事乐观。生活犹如一面镜子：你朝它笑，它也朝你笑； 如果你双眉紧锁，向它投以怀疑的目光，它也将还以你同样的目光。内心的欢乐不仅温暖了欢乐者自己的心，也温暖了所有与之接触者的心。“谁拒爱于门外，也必将被爱拒之门外。”
假如我又回到了童年，我就要养成经常说“不”字的习惯。一个少年要能挺得起腰， 拒绝做不应该做的事，就因为这事不值得做。我可以写上好几页谈谈早年培养这一点的重要性。
假如我又回到了童年，我就要要求自己对伙伴和朋友更加礼貌，而且对陌生人也应如此。在坎坷的生活道路上，最细小的礼貌犹如在漫长的冬天为我们歌唱的小鸟，那歌声使冰天雪地的寒冬变得较易忍受。
最后，假如我又回到了童年，我不会力图为自己谋幸福，好像这就是人生唯一的目的； 与之相反，我要更努力为他人谋幸福。
[知识积累]
1．cultivate vt.培养
2．cowardice n．怯懦， 胆小
3．exceed vt.超过，胜过
4．erect adj.竖直的， 笔直的
5．companion n．伙伴， 同伴
6．courtesy n．礼貌
[文化链接]
原著作者：本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)(1706.1.17－1790.4.17)，出生于波士顿，是美国著名政治家、科学家，同时也是出版商、印刷商、记者、作家、慈善家，更是杰出的外交家及发明家。
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