初中介词知识梳理
一、概念梳理
1.介词定义：位于名词或代词前表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系的词，称为代词。这类词不能独立做成分。
2.介词构成：简单介词+合成介词+短语介词+分词介词
其中，简单介词由单个介词构成，例如on, in, to等。合成介词由两个介词构成合成词，例如into, onto, upon等。短语介词由短语构成，例如according to, instead of等。分词介词由现在分词转化而来，例如including等。
3.介词分类：
①时间介词、地点介词、方位介词；
②工具、手段、方式介词；
③表示“除了”的介词；
④表示计量的介词；
⑤其他常用介词。
二、具体内容
1. 时间介词
1.1“时间点”方面：
at +时刻，at + 晚上/中午，eg: at 7:00 a.m., at night, at noon…
on + day/date, on+具体描述的早中晚，eg: on Monday, on May 1st, on the morning of our sports meeting…
1.2“时间段”方面(数量概念)：
①for + 时间段，持续多久，常用于延续性动词表示状态后面或用于回答“how long”句型。
during+一段时间，表示“在…期间”。
through+时间段，强调从开始到结束。
1.3其他表时间的常用介词有：
after: after+时间点(常用将来时态)；
after +时间段 = 时间段+later
before: before+时间点，单独使用时常和完成时态连用。
from…to…: 从一个时间点到另一个时间点的一段时间。
since: since+过去时间点或一般过去时句子，常用完成时态。
until/till: until/till直到…，动作A+ until/till+动作B/时间B，表示动作B/时间B结束动作A，eg: We wait until she comes back.我们一直等直到她回来；not…until/till 直到…才…, not+动作A+ until/till+动作B/时间B，表示动作A开始于动作B/时间B，eg: We will not have lunch until my parents come back home.我们直到我们父母回家才吃午饭。
注意：不用时间介词的常见有today, yesterday, tomorrow, tonight...
2. 地点及方位介词
2.1地点常用介词 “at, in” :
at+小地点(“开放”、“点”)，in+大地点( “封闭”、“内部”)。
eg: We arrived in Beijing when they arrived at their school.
当他们到达学校时，我们到了北京。
2.2其他表地点的常用介词有：
2.2.1意义不同的“in, on”：
①in the tree(外来物)，on the tree(树本身的生长物)
eg: There is an apple on the apple tree and later there some birds in the tree.苹果树上有一只苹果，不久后树上有很多鸟。
②in the wall(嵌在墙里)，on the wall(挂在墙上)
eg: There is a window in the wall and a picture on the wall.
墙里镶嵌了一个窗户，墙上有一幅图画。
2.2.2固定搭配：at the party(在晚会), on the farm(在农场)…
2.3表示地理关系的介词 “in, on, at”：
in：表示在范围之内，eg: Foshan is in China.
on: 表示相邻接触，eg: Guangzhou is on the south of Hunan.
③ to：表示范围之外，相隔，eg: Japan is to the east of China.
2.4表示位置关系的介词：
垂直：over(向上), under(向下)
②大范围：above(向上), below(向下)
③接触：on(在…上面), beneath(在…下面)
2.5 表示运动方向的介词：
① “into, in”: into从外到内，强调动作;
in在…里面，强调状态。
“onto, on”: onto到…上，强调动作;
on在…表面，强调状态。
2.6 其他方位介词
① across: 表面横穿，比如横穿马路。
eg：We should help the old man walk across the street.
through: 内部穿过，比如穿过森林。
eg: Tom walked through the forest by himself.
over: 上方越过，比如飞机越过上方。
eg: The plane flies over our house.
past：经过路过，比如擦肩而过。
eg: Tom walked past the dog.
3. 表示方式、手段或方式介词
with: ①表“具体的工具、手段、身体部位”; ②表“外貌特征或 附带的东西”; ③表“和，有，带着，戴着”。
in：后接“语言、语调、笔墨、颜色…”。
by: ①直接后接交通工具；②后接V-ing形式，表“通过做什么。”
on: 表“通过收音机/电视/电话等设备”
4. 表示“除了”的介词
① besides: 除了…之外还有…，不包含关系，增加。
eg: I have a book besides a pen.
② except: 除了…之外没有…, 同范围内的排除, 减少。
eg: All the workers went home except Tom.
except for: 对整体加以修正，先整体后部分。
eg: Tom is great except for his carelessness.
but: 用于不定代词或疑问词后。
eg: I love nobody but you.
注意1: “except”通常与表示全体的 “all, every”连用；若与 “other”连用，只能用 “besides”。
eg: My teacher has other children to look after besides me.
我的老师除了我之外还要照顾别的孩子。
注意2: “except”是排除同类；而 “except for”是排除非同类，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加上修正。
eg: She says my composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.
她说我的作文除了一些拼写错误外，整体还不错。
注意3: “except for” 有时也可代替 “except”，特别是在句首时，因为 “except” 是不能用于句首的。
eg: Except for Mary, they are allowed to go swimming.
除了Mary, 他们都被允许游泳。
5. 表示计量的介词：“at, for, by”
at: 以…的速度, at the speed of…, eg: He drove at the speed of 30 kilometers an hour. 他以每小时30公里的速度开车。
以…的价格, at the price of…，eg: He sold his shoes at the price of 20 yuan. 他以20块钱的价格卖了他的鞋子。
for: 表“用…交换，以…为代价”。eg: He sold his toys for 100 yuan. 他以卖玩具为代价换了100元。
注意: “at”表单价(price) , “for”表总钱数。
by: 表“以…计”，后跟度量单位。eg: The boss paid his workers by the month. 这位老板给他的工人们按月支付工钱。
6. 其他常用介词
6.1表示材料的介词: “of, from, in”
① “of”: 成品还可以看出原料。eg: The desk is made of the wood.
“from”: 成品看不出原料。eg: The paper is made from wood.
“in”: 表示用某种材料或语言。Please speak in Chinese.
6.2表示关于的介词: “of, about, on”
“of”: 只是提到或谈到过某人或某事。eg: He spoke of you
yesterday. 他昨天提到了你。
“about”: 指“关于”某人或某物或某事比较详细的情况。eg:
Hello guys, I will tell you something about the history of our school.
大家好，我将告诉你们关于我们学校的历史。
“on”: 指“关于”学术性的或正式严肃的事。eg: This is a
textbook on the history of Nanjing. 这是有关南京历史的教科书。
6.3表原因或理由的介词: “for, at, from, of, with, by, because of”
“for”: 表原因，与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame连用。eg: China is famous for the Great Wall. 中国因长城出名。
“at”: 指情感变化的原因，表“因听到或看到而…”。eg: I am
surprised at his words. 我听到他的话很吃惊。
“from”: 指“外在原因”，如车祸等, 常用于“die from”。eg: He
died from an accident. 他死于一场事故。
“of”: 指“内在原因”，如病、饿等, 常用于“die of”。eg: He
died of hunger. 他死于饥饿。
“with”: 指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。eg: My
teacher is shaking with anger. 我的老师气得发抖。
“by”: 表外部，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
eg: Many people’s bodies are bent by age. 很多人因年老背弯了。
“because of”: 表示引起结果的直接原因。eg: I didn’t go to work
because of my illness. 我因为生病没去上班。
“owing to”: 多表示引起某不良后果的原因。eg: Owing to my
mistakes, our team lost the game.因为我的失误，我们输了比赛。
“thanks to”: 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏…，
多亏…”。eg: Thanks to Mary, we won the match. 多亏Mary, 我们赢了比赛。
“out of”: 表动机的起因，译为“出于…”。eg: The little girl asks
many questions out of curiosity. 小女孩出于好奇问了很多问题。
“through”: 多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。eg: The meeting
was cancered through bad organization. 会议因组织不周被取消了。
6.4表示好像或当作的介词: “like, as”
①“like”: 表示“像…一样”。
eg: I want to be a singer, like Xiena.
我想成为像谢娜一样的歌手。
②“as”: 表示“作为，以…身份”。
eg: My sister often talks with me as a mother.
我姐姐经常以母亲身份和我谈话。
6.5表示支持或反对的介词: “against, for”
①“against”: 反对。
eg: He thinks it’s good idea to swim in the river. But I’m against it.
他认为在河里游泳是个好主意。但我反对。
“for”:支持。
eg: Mary wants Tom to be our monitor. Are you for her idea?
Mary 想要Tom当我们班长。你会支持她的想法吗？
6.6 特殊情境介词: “up, for”
① “what up”: 怎么了，用于问好或询问出什么事了。
eg: Hey my friend, what’s up? 嗨我的朋友，还好吗？
② “what for”: 为了什么，相当于“why”。
eg: What’s we having breakfast for? 我们为什么吃早餐？
初中介词针对性综合练习
一、单项选择
1. Which house does she live ____ and which floor does she live _____?
A. in; on B. on; in C. in; / D. /; on
2. our right, we can see a long river and there is a bridge it.
A. In; above B. In; over C. On; over D. On; above
3. The plane flies _____ less than 900 kilometers an hour and it’s safe.
A. at B. of C. in D. for
4. _______ May 7th local time, Emmanuel Macron defeated his mighty
competitors and won France’s president election ______ the age of 39.
Now he is the youngest president in France.
A. On; In B. On; At C. In; In D. In; At
5. —Tom, can you tell me how to behave myself at the table?
—OK. ________, keep quiet when you are eating.
A. In all B. Of all C. At all D. Above all
6.When our headteacher said something important, all teachers in the meeting room listened to him _______.
A. in a way B. in surprise C. in silence D. in a mess
7.Tony was born _____ the morning _____ May 1st , 1849.
A. in; of B. in; in C. on; of D. on; in.
8.The river behind my house runs our village and there are seven bridges the river.
A. across; through B. through; over
C. through; through D. across; over
9.Children learned to read the words _____ themselves.
A. in B. of C. at D. by
10.It’s kind _____ Tom’s mother to donate money to build many schools.
Because it’s difficult ______ the poor children to go to school.
A. of; of B. for; for C. for; of D. of; for
11.In fact it’s not cost-effective ____ me to sell my car ____ a low price. But I’m short of money.
A. for; for B. of; for C. for; at D. with; on
12.I received many presents my birthday my friends.
A. on, from B. in, of C. at, to D. from, for
13. —Is Mrs. Brown famous ____ her songs?
—Yes, but she isn’t known ____ a great singer like her mother.
A. for; as B. as; for C. in; to D. to; in
14.Lucy is a pretty student _____ hair.
A. in straight long blonde B. with long straight blonde
C. in long straight blonde D. with blonde long straight
15. —I think Tony lives _____ No.110 East St.
—Are you sure _____ that?
A. at, / B. in, of C. in, about D. at, of
16.When I arrive _____ Beijing, I will tell you.
A. in B. to C. on D. at
17. Nanjing is _____ the north of Guangdong. The weather _____ winter there is colder.
A. to, in B. in, on C. in, in D. on, at
18. —Which one is taller, ______ Tom and Mary?
—I think Tom is the taller one.
A. between B. among C. through D. besides
19. Although Shenyang and Beijing are the east of China, Shenyang lies the northeast of Beijing.
A. in; to B. to; in C. in; in D. to; on
20. Mary’s warming, we all are out of danger.
A. In order that B. In order to
C. Thanks for D. Thanks to
21. Do you often go to school _____ your father’s car or _____ foot?
A. take, in B. on, by C. by, on D. in, on
22. Mary is good ______ dancing and she is good ________her students. All the students like her.
A. at; at B. with; with C. at; with D. with; at
23.The basketball match was lost ______ bad organization yesterday.
A. through B. in C. at D. for
24.Tony, don’t read _____ the sun. You know It’s bad ______ your eyes.
A. in; for B. under; for C. for; in D. at; in
25. — Why is he ____ such a hurry?
— It is said that his father was ____ hospital because of illness.
A. in; to B. on; in C. in; in D. for; in
26. —Who is the boy ______tears on his face?
—Tim. He failed the exam.
A. at B. with C. in D. by
27.Our football match wasn’t held _____ bad weather.
A. thanks to B. owing to C. by D. according to
28.We arrived Foshan a Friday morning.
A. in; in B. on; at C. at; in D. in; on
29. I think Tom’s idea is great. Are you _____ his idea or _____ it?
A. of; for B. for; against C. against; of D. against; for
30. Everybody is watching TV _____ me. I need to do my homework.
A. except for B. besides C. except D. including
31. We can’t walk _____ the street until the light turns green．
A. across B. over C. cross D. through
32. ____ Linda, they can all go. Linda is too young to swim.
A. Besides B. Except C. Except for D. But
33. —Judy will come back _______ a week. Are you happy?
—Yes! We haven’t seen each other ________ three years．
A. in; in B. for; in C. in; for D. for; for
34. —Can you tell me what happened _____ you?
—I had an accident and it happened ____ the morning of May 1st.
A. to; on B. for; in C. with; in D. to; to
35. Miss Li is interested in reading _____ playing sports.
A. except B. besides C. except for D. but
36. The old man died _____ illness while the young girl died _____ an accident.
A. of; of B. from; from C. of ; from D. from; to
37. —Can you tell me something ____ wine?
—Yes. Wine is made _____ grapes.
A. about; to B. about; from C. of; of D. on; from
38.The box is made ______ paper. You can write your name _____ pen.
A. in; on B. of; in C. from; in D. from; with
39.Mary sold her car _____ 10 thousand dollars.
A. about B. on C. for D. of
40.There are plenty of eggs in the supermarket and they are sold ____ weight.
A. in B. of C. by D. with
41. The bus is full ____ people and it’s filled _____ the smell of sweat.
A. in; of B. of; with C. with; of D. in; in
42. —Oh no! I can’t understand what our English teacher says.
—Well. Although I feel sympathy ____ you, our teacher speaks slowly _____ English. You should practise listening more.
A. to; on B. for; in C. with; in D. to; to
二、用适当的介词填空
1. Look! This is a photo ______ my family.
2. If you need help, you can call me _______ 8123456.
3. Put your pencils ________ your pencil-box.
4. Mary’s friends are all ______ America.
5. Thank you________ helping me with my study.
6. Welcome ________ my hometown.
7. It’s a good day. How _______ going to the park?.
8. ______ the picture are my parents.
9. If you don’t know the way, you can ask the traffic police ____ help.
10. There are three books ______ the desk.
11. We should spend more time ________ our study.
12. I think the idea is good. I agree ____ you.
13. Sometimes parents need to be strict ________ their children.
14. Tom is always helpful and he often helps people ____ trouble.
15. _____ the help of my friends, I finished my homework.
16. They are walking _____ the forest.
17. To go or not to go, it depends _____ you.
18. Lucy needs to look _____ her sister at home.
19. Don’t stay _____. It’s bad for your health.
20. Hurry _____, or we will be late for school.
三、短文填空
Mary got 1 early and put 2 her clothes 3 herself
4 a sunny morning. She had breakfast 5 7:00 a.m. Then
Mary went to school 6 car. 7 her way to the school,
She felt worried because she didn’t finish her English homework. Their
English teacher is often strict 8 them. Mary was afraid that the
teacher would be angry 9 her.
10 class, their English teacher checked their homework carefully. But 11 her surprise, the teacher didn’t criticize her.
12 the contrary, the teacher taught her to do exercises and was very patient 13 her. Because 14 that, Mary was moved deeply.
15 then 16 , Mary likes English until now and is good
17 English. She is very grateful 18 what her English teacher did.
初中介词针对性综合练习
参考答案
一、单项选择
1~5ACABD
6~10CCDCD
11~15CAABD
16~20ACAAD
21~25DCDAC
26~30BBDBC
31~35BCCAB
36~40CBBCC
41~42BB
二、用适当的介词填空
1.of 2.at
3.in 4.from
5.for 6.to
7.about 8.In
9.for 10.on/in
11.on 12.with
13.with 14.in
15.With 16.through
17. on 18. after
19. up 20. up
三、短文填空
1.up 2.on 3.by
4.on 5.at 6.by
7. On 8.with 9.with
10.In 11.to 12.On
13.with 14.of 15. From
16.on 17.at 18.for
