(共24张PPT)
Unit 4 Earthquakes
1
damage n.& vt.损失；损害
重点词汇
do/cause damage to...对……造成损害
damage one’s health损害某人的健康
(1)The damage is usually more serious on the first plant.
对第一株植物造成的损害通常更严重一些。(2017·全国Ⅱ)
(2)The heavy rain has done/caused great damage to the crops.
暴雨对庄稼造成了很大的损害。
(3)As we all know，eating too much fat will .
众所周知，摄入太多脂肪会损害我们的健康。
damage?our?health
2
It was a frightening night.那是一个骇人的夜晚。
(1)frightening adj.令人恐惧的
(2)frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬
frighten sb. /sth.? away把……吓跑
frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 吓唬某人以使其做/不做某事
(3)frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的
be frightened of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
be frightened to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事
(1)They frightened the old lady into taking out her old vase.
他们吓唬那位老太太，让她拿出了她的古花瓶。
(2)I’m (frighten) of walking home alone in the dark.
我害怕在黑夜独自步行回家。
frightened
[一句多译]
(3)因为害怕这条狗，女孩在门口停下了。
① ，the girl stopped at the gate. (as引导的原因状语从句)
② ，the girl stopped at the gate.(形容词短语作状语)
As?she?was?frightened?of?this?dog
Frightened?of?this?dog
3
Congratulations！We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.
恭喜你！我们很高兴地通知你，你在以“新唐山”为主题的中学生演讲比赛中获胜了。
(1)congratulation n.祝贺；(复数)贺词
congratulations to sb.? on sth. 为某事向某人祝贺
offer/express one’s congratulations to sb. 向某人表示祝贺
(2)congratulate vt.祝贺
congratulate sb.? on sth. 为某事向某人祝贺
(1)Congratulations to you on your success in the English examination.恭喜你在英语考试中取得成功。
(2)He has passed the exam and I’ll express my ______________ (congratulate) to him.
他通过了考试，我要向他表示祝贺。
congratulations
[易混辨析] congratulate，celebrate
※congratulate意为“祝贺”，是用语言表达祝贺之意，其宾语是人；若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面用介词on连接，即congratulate sb. on sth. 。
※celebrate意为“庆祝，庆贺”，指举行盛大、隆重的仪式来庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或事件。常用表示节日、胜利、成功等的名词作宾语。
[选词填空] congratulate，celebrate
(3)Let’s go and him on being accepted as a PLA man.
(4)How do people New Year in your country?
congratulate
celebrate
4
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.
评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为它为今年最佳。
judge n.法官；裁判员；vt.判断；断定；判决
judge sb. /sth. (to be)＋n./adj.判断/认为某人/某物(是)……
judge...by/from...根据……判断……
as far as I can judge据我判断
judging by/from...从……来判断
(1)The teacher judged him to be honest.
老师认为他是诚实的。
(2)We should not judge a person by/from his appearance.
我们不应该以貌取人。
(3) ，the second person is more reliable.
据我判断，第二个人更可靠一些。
(4) (judge) from what he said，he was very disappointed.
从他的话判断，他非常失望。
As?far?as?I?can?judge
Judging
5
From July 5 to 28，a team of cyclists known?as Bikers for Disaster-Hit Areas will ride their bikes 1,888 km from Lijiang，Yunnan Province，to Lhasa，Tibet.
从7月5日至28日，一队被称为“助灾车队”的自行车手，即将骑自行车从云南丽江出发，骑行1 888公里，到达西藏拉萨。
be known as(＝be famous as)作为……而出名
be known for(＝be famous for)因……而出名
be known to(＝be famous to)为……所熟悉/了解
(1)At first she was not known as a scientist.
起初她作为科学家并不是很出名。
(2)The actress is known for many excellent TV plays she starred in.
这个女演员因她主演的很多电视剧而出名。
(3)The Great Wall is known all the people throughout the world.
长城为全世界人们所熟悉。
to
1
As?you?know，this is the day the quake happened...years ago.
正如你所知道的，……年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。
经典句式
(1)此句为主从复合句，as you know为非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容。
(2)关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，可置于句首，置于句中，也可置于句末。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于句末。
(1)As is known to us，the haze in the air does harm to our health.
众所周知，空气中的雾霾有害我们的健康。
(2)We were sitting，as I remember，in a riverside restaurant.
我记得我们当时是坐在一个河畔的餐馆里。
(3)Tom has passed the test， .
正如每个人所了解的那样，汤姆已经通过了考试。
[单句改错]
(4)Which you had expected，the holiday came on time.
as?everybody?knows
As
2
The man was?sleeping?downstairs?when the earthquake happened.
这个人正在楼下睡觉，这时地震发生了。
be doing...when...正在做……这时……，when用作并列连词，相当于and at that time。
when在下列句型中都是用作并列连词，表示“这时……”
(1)be about to do...when...正要做……这时……
(2)be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……
(3)had just done...when...刚刚做完……这时……
(1)They were working in the field when it began to rain.
他们正在地里干活，这时天开始下雨了。
(2)She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to play the piano.
她刚做完作业妈妈就让她弹钢琴。
[一句多译]
(3)我正要出去，这时电话响了。
①I the telephone rang.
②I the telephone rang.
was?about?to?go?out?when
was?on?the?point?of?going?out?when
Exercises
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.I hear you’ve passed the examinations. Please accept my _______________ (congratulate) on it.
2.There were (frighten) noises outside our tent so we pulled out our guns to protect ourselves.
3.I (sincere) hope that you will be successful in the future.
4.The old man was pleased (see) all the work finished well.
5.There are five judges there，some of are from the USA.
congratulations
frightening
sincerely
to?see
whom
6.The player Wu Dajing won the gold medal；we were proud him.
7.The old man is so kind that he often helps those are in need.
8.No one in our class knows what has happened him.
9.Do you wake every morning feeling energetic and ready to start a new day?
10.She expresses (she) most fully in her paintings.
of
who
to
up
herself
Ⅱ.完成句子
11.Here are the questions， (其中一些) I thought are difficult for you.
12.His first book (上个月出版的) is based on a true story.
13.She is a famous film star， (正如我们所知).
14. (从他的神情判断)，he is leading a happy life.
15.I (正在街上走着) when I heard my name called.
some?of?which
published?last?month
as?we?all?know
Judging?from/by?his?expression
was?walking?along?the?street
Ⅲ.课文短文改错
Congratulations! We are pleased to telling you that you have won a high school speaking competition about new Tangshan. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of who agreed that it was the best one in this year.Your family should proud of you! Our office would like to have you say in the new park，which will honour those that died in the terrible disaster.
tell
the
whom
speak
who
∧
be
What you know，this is the day the quake happened forty-one years before. We invite you to bring your family and friends in that special day.
As
ago
on
(共33张PPT)
2019-2020学年度人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes
Period3Learning about languages and Grammar
Learning about language
&
Grammar
1.A great part of the city was d________in the earthquake.
2.The e________should be cut off in the earthquake.
3.I felt everything s______during the earthquake.
4.The firemen r______ a baby from the burning house.
5.He was badly i______ in the accident.
6. She _______(蒙住) her face in her hands and cried.
7. There were a lot of fish in the _____(池)
8. She looked _____(清新的； 气色好的) whenever
I saw her.
9. The fish is a bit______(味道). We can’t eat it.
10. They are planning to build a _____ (运河) through
the desert.
destroyed
electricity
shaking
rescued
injured
buried
pond
fresh
smelly
canal
destroy , rescue, strange, much, earthquake,
shake, bury, fall, team, trap
Several days before July 28, 1976, many s______ things
happed in Tanshan. They were signs for the e_________.
But people in the city of Tangshan didn’t think m____ of
these. At 3: 42 am that day, the earth began to s_____,
which d________ the city. Many people, including workers
and doctors, came to r_____ those t______ under the ruins.
Later that afternoon, another big earthquake struck
Tangshan. More people were killed or injured and more
building f____down. Soldiers were called in to help the
rescue workers. T______ were organized to dig out the
trapped and b ___ the dead.
strange
earthquake
much
shake
destroyed
rescue
trapped
fell
Teams
bury
Restrictive Attributive Clause &
Non- restrictive Attributive Clauses
1. But the one million people of the city, who thought
little of these events, went to bed as usual that nigh.
2. It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred
kilometers away.
3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and
thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
4. The number of people who were killed or injured
reached more than 400,000.
5. The army organized teams to dig out those who were
trapped and to bury the dead.
6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes
had been destroyed.
Restrictive Attributive Clause
Look at the following sentences
and try to understand the meaning of them.
1.The man who robbed him has been arrested.
2.The girl whom I saw told me to come back again
today.
3.That’s the best hotel ( that ) I know.
4.These are the books ( which ) you ordered.
5.The friend with whom I was traveling spoke French.
6.At the time when I saw him, he was quite strong.
7. This is the village where I was born.
8. These are the reason why we do it.
9. Have you got the postcard (which) I sent you?
10. These are the things (that) you need.
11. Anything I can do for you?
12. All you have to do is to fill out this form.
13. That’s the only thing we can do now.
14. You can take any room you like.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
Non- restrictive Attributive Clauses
Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested
stopping at the next town.
2. This house, for which he paid $ 150,000, is now
worth $ 300,000
3. They went to the theatre, where they saw Hero.
4. Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to
work.
5. His house, whose windows were all broken,
was a depressing sight
6. It was an island, whose name I have forgotten..
the handsome
the tall
the strong
the clever
the naughty
boy
The boy is Tom.
The boy who is handsome is Tom.
The boy who is tall is Tom.
The boy who is strong is Tom
The boy who is clever is Tom
The boy who is naughty is Tom.
? The woman got the job.
The woman can speak Russian.
The woman who can speak Russian
got the job.
? The teacher will give us a talk.
The teacher is famous.
The teacher who is famous will
give us a talk.
? The lady stepped on his foot.
He was dancing with the lady.
The lady (whom) he was dancing with
stepped on his foot.
? Do you know the man?
You will visit him today.
Do you know the man (whom )you will
visit today?
The lady with whom he was dancing
stepped on his foot.
关系代词:
1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,
如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
apple
the red
the green
the small
the big
The apple which is red is mine.
The apple which is green is yours.
The apple which is red is small.
The apple which is green is big.
? Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat.
The goat is eating her flowers.
Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which
is eating her flowers.
? Can you lend me the book?
You talked about it last night.
Can you lend me the book (which) you
talked about last night.
Can you lend me the book about which
you talked last night?
3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略,
如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted
last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is
made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow
books?
? that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him.
He is the man (that) I told you about.
He is the man (that) I told you about.
? 注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。
4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
A plane is a machine that can fly.
? that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等
修饰时。
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
? that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
(5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句。
Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished.
(6) 主句以There be 引导时 There are 200 people that didn’t know the thing.
(1) The scientist is very famous in the world.
We met her yesterday.
The scientist ? we met yesterday is very famous
who in the world.
whom
that
(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
?
(3) He is the kind person.
I have ever worked with him.
(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
?
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
?
? that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用which而不用that。
(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）
Those are many trees under (which) they can have a rest.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
1 . whose 既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导
非限制性定语从句。
My uncle whose office we have just passed , is a lawyer .
Once there was a wise king whose name was Alfred .
2. whose 代指“……的”，既可以指人，也可以指物。
Look at the building , whose roof is white .
The girl lives in the house , whose windows face south .
whose 在定语从句中的用法
1.He made another wonderful discovery, ____
was more than we could expect.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
2. --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--Is that the reason ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
3. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single
person____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
4. All of the flowers now raised here have
developed from those ____ in the forest.
A. once the grew B. they grew once
C. that once grew D. once grew.
5. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
6. the weather turned out to be very good, ____
was more than we expected.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
7. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten window;
most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for ten years.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
Fill in the banks with who, whose, which and that.
1.?The girls ____ served in the shop were the owner’s
daughter.
2.??The man ___ I saw told me to come back today.
3.??The girl ___ spoke is my best friend.
4.??The man with ___ I was traveling didn’t speak English.
5.??The man ____ I saw told me to wait.
6.??The girl ____ I spoke to was a student.
7.??The man to ____ I spoke was a foreigner.
8.??The man from ___ I bought it told me to read the
instructions.
9.I know a boy ____ father is an acrobat.( 杂技演员 )
10.?He saw a house ___ windows were all broken.
11.?All the apples ____ fall are eaten by wild boars.
12.?Can you think of anyone ____ could look after him?
13.?This is the best hotel ____ I know.
14.??He showed a machine ____ parts are too small to be
seen.
15. You can take any room ____ you like.
Homework
1.? Finish the Summing up and
Learning Tip on Page 32.
2.?Finish the exercises 1 and 2
on page 64.
(共54张PPT)
2019-2020学年度人教版必修一
Unit4Earthquakes
Period1Warming up
Earthquakes
Unit 4
我们在此处增加本课时重点单词和短语表达部分, 旨在帮助学生在上课前对早读学习的单词及短语进行复习回顾，从而加深记忆。
★ 用一分钟时间对单词进行复习，使学
生在新课学习中没有单词障碍。
★ 通过朗读，使学生熟练掌握单词的正
确发音。
★ 所呈现单词均出自课本单词表中的词
汇。
Words and expression review
earthquake
quake
right away
n. 地震
n. 地震
立刻；马上
Look at the following pictures and what are happening in the pictures?
earthquakes
To know the various kinds of natural disasters and understand the dangers people face in a quake.
fire
Look at the pictures below and name these disasters if you know.
typhoon / hurricane
volcano eruption
snow slide
mud-rock flow
landslide
tornado
sandstorm
flood
tsunami
earthquake
Which disaster may cause the worst damage?
The earthquake.
How much do you know about the earthquake?
What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is what happens
when two plates (板块) of the earth suddenly slip past one another.
Buildings fall down.
What happens when there’s an earthquake?
Roads, bridges and railways are destroyed.
Many things lie in ruins.
The supply of electricity and water is cut off.
Many people are killed or injured.
More people are left homeless.
What happened
on 12 May, 2008?
A terrible earthquake struck Sichuan, China on May 12, 2008. More than 60,000 people lost their lives.
Do you know some other serious earthquakes that happened before?
Tangshan
Tangshan, Hebei July 28, 1976
唐山抗震纪念碑广场
唐山大地震三十周年后的新唐山
San Francisco, USA April 18th, 1906
San Francisco
What strange things do you think may happen before an earthquake?
well
mice
pond
--- There is often a great sound.
--- Animals too nervous to eat.
--- There are bright lights in the sky.
--- A smelly gas may come out of the well.
--- Water pipes may crack or burst.
Strange things before an earthquake
deep cracks, smelly gas
chickens, pigs, mice
bright lights, the sound of planes
water pipes
nervous to eat, run out
cracked and burst
water rises and falls
fish jump out of
In the well
In the pond
In the farmyard
In the sky
In the city
震前动物有预兆，群测群防很重要。?? 牛羊骡马不进圈，猪不吃食狗乱咬。?? 鸭不下水岸上闹，鸡乱上树高声叫。?? 冰天雪地蛇出洞，大猫携着小猫跑。?? 兔子竖耳蹦又撞，鱼跃水面惶惶跳。?? 蜜峰群迁闹轰轰，鸽子惊飞不回巢。?? 家家户户都观察，综合异常作预报。??
下面这首民谣是群众在长期预测
地震中的总结，细读一下，对观察地
震是有极大好处的。??
失去“理性”的飞虫、鸟类
1976年7月25日，唐山以南天津大沽
口海面，“长湖”号油轮四周海面，一大
群深绿色翅膀的蜻蜓栖在船窗、桅杆和
船舷上，一动不动任人捕捉驱赶。
天津市郊木场公社和西营门公社都
看见成百上千只蝙蝠，大白天在空中乱
飞。
唐山大地震前兆
动物界逃亡大迁徙
1976年7月25日上午，抚宁县100
多只黄鼠狼，大的背着或叼着小的从
古墙洞钻出，向村内大转移。26日、
27日，这群黄鼠狼继续向村外转移，
一片惊慌气氛。
不可捉摸的信息
秦皇岛附近水域作业的潜水员说，
他看见一条彩色绚丽的光带，像一条
金色的火龙，转瞬即逝。
?? 1976年7月27日，唐山北部一个军
营里，几个士兵发现地下的一堆钢
筋，莫名其妙地迸发出闪亮的光，仿
佛一个隐身人在那里烧电焊。
《华西都市报》5月10日报道，四川绵竹市西南镇檀木村出现大规模蟾蜍迁徙，数十万蟾蜍拥挤着走上了马路。面对这一异常现象，村民们普遍表示担扰，害怕可能是地震或其他自然灾害的预兆。
汶川地震的前兆
国家地震局赈灾应急救援司
司长黄建发在新闻发布会上表示，
目前地震的准确预测仍是一个世
界性的难题，此次汶川地震没有
提前预测到。
地震可以预测吗?
据新华社华盛顿5月21日电 在中国
以及世界其他一些国家，都有不少民
间的地震预测说法，比如动物的异常
行为、奇特天象出现等。美国专家琼
斯说，这些说法到目前为止都还没有
真正的科学依据。世界各国的很多科
学家曾不止一次地试图证实这些预测
的科学性，但到现在也没有找到十分
确凿的证据。
琼斯说，从另外的角度说，即便
这些异常可以作为预报地震的参考数
据，地震监测人员也不能仅仅依靠某
一个单独的异常现象作出地震预报，
因为这类异常可能只对应极小的地震
几率，假如误报了地震，直接和间接
损失往往也是相当严重的。
Imagine your home begins to shake
and you must leave it right away.
You have time to take only one
thing. What will you take? Why?
震前应做哪些准备？地震来临，
在民房中、在公共场所怎么避震？
专家提出，学习必要的防震知识，提
高防震意识，做好防震准备，对更好
地保护身处险境的自己大有好处。
地震来临, 我们如何保护自己呢?
地震前应做好防震准备，如清理杂物，保持门口、楼道畅通；固定高大家具，将重物下置，防止倾倒伤人；准备电筒、创可贴、水等物品，做成家庭防震包；腾空牢固家具的下方，以备藏身。
地震来临时，最重要的是要保持冷静，并灵活选择藏身之所。震时应就近躲避，震后迅速撤离到安全地方；室内避震时应选择易于形成三角空间的地方避震，如内墙墙根、墙角等，或躲避到厨房、厕所、储藏室等空间小的地方。震时切记不要跳楼、不要站到阳台上和窗边。
学生在教室上课时遇到地震，
老师应疏导学生迅速抱头躲在课桌
旁，待地震过后迅速撤离；在操场的
学生可原地蹲下，注意避开附近高
大建筑物或危险物，不要回到教室中。
在商场、影剧院等公共场所遇到
地震时，应尽快找到结实的柜台、低
矮家具或柱子边、内墙角等处就地蹲
下，同时注意预防高空落物伤人。
在户外遇到地震时，应就地选择开
阔地蹲下，并注意避开变压器、电线
杆、广告牌、高烟囱、水塔、过街桥、
立交桥等构筑物。
Natural disasters occur throughout the world, and China has a particular problem with earthquakes. Tangshan earthquake in 1976 is a case in point.
An earthquake measuring 8 Richter scale hit Wenchuan County of China’s Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008. So it is especially important to take steps to reduce the damage caused by quakes.
Homework
Look up the new words
and expressions of the
Reading in the dictionary.
2. Preview the Reading:
A NIGHT THE EARTH
DIDN’T SLEEP
