重点
(一)可数名词与不可数名词
名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可以计算事物数目的名词,叫可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,单数名词变复数名词时,有一定的规律可循(见下表),但也有一些不规则变化,需要逐一记忆。凡是不能直接用数计算,而需要用量计算的名词,多为不可数名词,不可数名词没有复数形式。
1. 可数名词
(1)单数可数名词前常用冠词a/an或my, your, his等物主代词或指示代词this, that来修饰。
(2)若表示一类事物可用a/an加单数名词表示,也可用复数名词表示。
可数名词变复数规则:
类别
构成方法
例词
一般情况
词尾加-s
cup →cups, friend →friends, banana →bananas
以s, x, ch, sh等结尾的词
词尾加-es
class →classes, box →boxes, watch →watches, wish →wishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词
变y为i,再加-es
dictionary →dictionaries, family →families
以f或fe结尾的词
把f/fe变为v,再加-es
knife →knives
词尾加-s
roof →roofs
以o结尾的词
词尾加-es
tomato →tomatoes, potato →potatoes
词尾加-s
radio →radios photo →photos
2. 不可数名词
(1)一般没有复数形式。
(2)不能用不定冠词a/an或指示代词this, that, these, those或数词one, two, three等修饰,但可用定冠词the或some或lots of/a lot of(许多)来修饰。
(3)不可数名词的数量要借助"基数词 + 表示量的名词 + of"短语表达,如three pieces of bread (三块面包),two glasses of milk (两杯牛奶)等。
(4)作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
(5)用代词指代不可数名词时,用单数it,不用复数they或them。
【口诀】金木水火土,米面茶肉布,油盐糖酒醋,全部不可数。
对应的单词为:gold(金子),wood(木材),water(水),fire(火),mud(泥土),rice(米),flour(面粉),tea(茶),
meat(肉),cloth(布),oil(油),salt(盐),sugar(糖),wine(酒),beer(啤酒),vinegar(醋)。
【典例】I’m thirsty. Please give me ________ to drink.
A. two cup tea B. a cup of tea
C. a cup of teas D. a cups of teas
【答案】B
【拓展】
修饰可数名词的词
many, a few, few
修饰不可数名词的词
much, a little, little
既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词的词
a lot of/lots of, some
?some chicken/students 一些鸡肉/学生
?many apples 许多苹果
?a lot of money/bananas 许多钱/香蕉
?much orange 许多橙汁
【典例】He eats ________ salad and she eats ________ oranges.
A. lots of; lots of
B. many; many
C. much; much
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查修饰可数/不可数名词的词,lots of既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。
(二)动词like在一般现在时中的用法
实义动词like在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中的用法及其答语见下表:
句式
肯定句
否定句
疑问句
简略回答
第一、二人称或第三人称复数
like
don’t like
Do...like...?
Yes, ...do./No, ...don’t.
第三人称单数
likes
doesn’t like
Does...like...?
Yes,...does./No,...doesn’t.
?I like oranges. She likes bananas.
我喜欢橙子。她喜欢香蕉。
?I don’t like pink. He doesn’t like blue.
我不喜欢粉色。他不喜欢蓝色。
?—Do you like English?
你喜欢英语吗?
—Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
是的,我喜欢。/不,我不喜欢。
?—Does he like apples?
他喜欢苹果吗?
—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
是的,他喜欢。/不,他不喜欢。
(一)like + sth.,like后跟可数名词复数表示一类。
【典例】Do you like ________(pear)?
【答案】pears
【点拨】like sth.,like后跟可数名词复数表示一类。
(二)like doing sth.,表示喜欢、爱好等习惯性的动作。
【典例】I like ________(go) shopping. What about you?
【拓展】like的用法
like...very much(=love...very much)意为"非常喜欢";其反义表达为don’t/doesn’t like...at all,指"根本不喜欢"。"有点儿喜欢"可以说like...a little;"最喜欢"可以用like...best/most来表达。
?My mom likes salad very much.
我妈妈非常喜欢沙拉。
?The children don’t like carrots at all.
孩子们根本不喜欢胡萝卜。
?I like history a little now.
我现在有点儿喜欢历史了。
?She likes summer best/most.
她最喜欢夏天。
基础训练
一、写出下列名词的复数形式。
1. banana __________ 2. carrot __________
3. tomato __________ 4. card __________
5. radio __________ 6. question __________
7. desk __________ 8. library __________
9. map __________ 10. school __________
11. room __________ 12. basketball __________
13. tape player __________ 14. pencil box __________
15 model plane __________
二、单项选择。
1. I always have __________ at seven o’clock in the morning.
A. dinner B. breakfast C. lunch D. supper
2. —__________your sister __________ salad?
—Yes, she does.
A. Does; like B. Does; likes
C. Do; like D. Do; likes
3. Jane __________ bananas, but she likes strawberries.
A. don’t like B. don’t likes
C. doesn’t like D. doesn’t likes
4. Look! Some apples_________ on the table. Some milk_________ in the box.
A. are; are B. is; are C. is; is D. are; is
5. —_________ your sister and brother like bananas?
— _________.
A. Do; Yes, she does. B. Do; No, they don’t.
C. Does; Yes, she does. D. Do; Yes, they are.
6. —Let’s have hamburgers.
—Oh, no, __________
A. I don’t like them. B. I don’t like it.
C. that’s good D. let’s eat.
7. —Do you like French fries?
—__________.
A. Yes, I do B. Yes, I don’t
C. I like D. I don’t like it
8. Look at these __________ of __________ .
A. photos; potatos B. photoes; potatoes
C. photoes; potatos D. photos; potatoes
9. I would like some __________ and __________.
A. tomato; chicken B. tomatoes; chicken
C. tomatos; chickens D. tomatoes; chickens
10. Do you like ___________?
A. banana B. pear C. broccolis D. carrots
三、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
1. 你喜欢水果和蔬菜吗?
Do you like __________ and __________?
2. 艾丽斯不喜欢鸡肉,凯特不喜欢鸡蛋。
Alice doesn’t like __________ and Kate doesn’t like __________.
3. 我妈妈早餐吃面包喝牛奶。
My mother has __________ and __________ for breakfast.
4. 一些面包在桌子上。
Some __________ __________ on the table.
5. 她想吃米饭和冰激凌。
She wants to eat __________ and __________
四、完形填空。
Bill is my friend. He has a happy 1 . His father works 2 a hospital(医院) in Beijing. He usually 3 two eggs and a glass of milk 4 breakfast and then goes to work by car. His mother is an English 5 in our school. For breakfast, She usually eats some 6 . Her English class is very 7 , So we all love her. Bill is also my classmate. He eats a hamburger and two bananas for breakfast. He likes ice-cream very much. 8 his mother doesn’t want him to eat it. She says it is not 9 . And he can be very 10 if(如果) he eats a lot(很多).
1. A. map B. family C. photo D. room
2. A. in B. on C. to D. of
3. A. eats B. drinks C. has D. sees
4. A. at B. for C. in D. of
5. A. teacher B. student C. worker D. doctor
6. A. apple B. milk C. bread D. hamburger
7. A. boring B. interesting C. difficult D. fat
8. A. For B. And C. So D. But
9. A. happy B. healthy C. easy D. great
10. A. fat B. boring C. fun D. thin
五、阅读理解。
A
Mikey: I will meet some friends after breakfast. And I'll go to the supermarket(超市)after that.Do you need(需要) anything,Mom?
Mom: Oh, yes, please. We need some chicken for lunch.
Mikey: OK What about fruit?
Mom: I want some bananas,strawberries and pears.We can have fruit salad for dinner.Oh,can you get four tomatoes and two carrots,too?
Mikey: Sure. I’ll buy some chicken, fruit, tomatoes and carrots. Any bread or milk?
Mom: No, we have much. Oh, we don’t have eggs.
Mikey: OK. I’ll buy some.
Mom: Thank you.Mikey. You can buy ice-cream for yourself.
Mikey: That’s great! I like it.
Mom: Let’s have breakfast first.
Mikey: OK.
1. Mikey will meet his friends ____________.
A. in the supermarket B. in the library
C. in the morning D. in the afternoon
2. What will Mikey eat for lunch?
A. Rice. B. Chicken.
C. Bread. D. Hamburgers.
3. Mikey will buy ___________ carrots.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
4. Which of these will Mikey buy?
A. Bread. B. Eggs. C. Milk. D. Apples.
5. What does Mikey like?
A. Strawberries. B. Tomatoes. C. Salad. D. Ice-cream.
B
My name is Helen and I have two sisters, Sonia and Silvia. We like hamburgers for lunch. Sonia and I like French fries, but Silvia doesn’t .I don’t like eggs for dinner, but Sonia and Silvia do. I really like chicken and salad.
I think it’s good to eat healthy food every day. We eat good food every day. But sometimes(有时) we don’t eat good food. For example, we all need oranges and bananas, but we don’t need ice cream. So we can eat more oranges and bananas and less (较少的) ice cream. Please write a list of the food you eat and make sure(确信)you eat well every day.
6. How many sisters does Helen have?
A. One sister.
B. Two sisters.
C. Three sisters.
7. Who likes French fries?
A. Silvia and I.
B. Sonia and Silvia.
C. Sonia and I.
8. Do Sonia and Silvia like eggs for dinner?
A. Yes, they are.
B. No, they don’t.
C. Yes, they do.
9. What do the sisters like for lunch?
A. French fries.
B. Chicken and salad.
C. Hamburgers.
10. Do the sisters always(总是)eat good food?
A. Yes, they are.
B. No, they don’t.
C. Yes, they do.
参考答案
一、写出下列名词的复数形式。
1. bananas 2. carrots 3. tomatoes
4. cards 5. radios 6. questions
7. desks 8. libraries 9. maps
10. schools 11. rooms 12. basketballs
13. tape players 14. pencil boxes 15. model planes
二、单项选择。
3. C 【解析】句意:简不喜欢香蕉,但是喜欢草莓。本句是一般现在时态的否定句,Jane单数第三人称代词,在句中作主语,所以否定句借助助动词doesn’t,后跟动词原形like。故选C。
4. D 【解析】句意:看!桌子上有一些苹果。盒子里有一些牛奶。前面一句Some apples为主语,复数含义,所以be动词为are; 后一句主语some milk为不可数名词,可以看作单数,所以be动词为is。 故选D。
【口诀巧记】
以顺口溜的形式牢记be动词的使用原则:如:我(I)用am;你(you)用are; is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it);单数用is,复数的全用are。
6. A 【解析】句意:——我们吃汉堡包吧。——哦,不,我不喜欢。hamburgers名词复数,汉堡包,下文需用人称代词they或them代替。根据语义可知,不喜欢吃。故选A。
7. A 【解析】句意:——你喜欢炸薯条吗? ——是的,喜欢。本题是考察一般现在时态的一般疑问句,其简略答语用yes或no回答;作肯定回答时,do 、don’t 分别用在肯定与否定答语中,所以Yes, I don’t 含义自相矛盾。故选A。
8. D 【解析】句意:看这些照片和土豆。考查复数名词。photos照片,是以o结尾的无生命事物,复数形式加+s,即photos;potato土豆,是以o结尾的有生命事物,复数形式加+es,即potatoes。根据句意,可知选D。
9. B 【解析】句意:我想要些西红柿和鸡肉。考查复数名词和不可数名词。some一些,后接复数名词或不可数名词。tomato西红柿,是以o结尾的有生命事物,复数形式加+es,即tomatoes;chicken鸡肉,不可数名词。根据句意,可知选B。
10. D 【解析】句意:你喜欢胡萝卜吗?A. banana可数名词单数,香蕉;B. pear 可数名词单数,梨;C. broccolis,broccoli西兰花,不可数名词,没有复数形式。D. carrots名词复数,胡萝卜。可数名词的单数在句中不能单独使用,所以答案A与B错误。故选:D。
【名师点睛】
英语语言习惯与汉语不同,如英语中的名词、动词等有词形的变化使用;名词要注意可数与否,不可数名词没有复数形式。
三、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
1. fruit; vegetables 2. chicken; eggs 3. bread; milk
4. bread is 5. rice; ice-cream
四、完形填空。
【文章大意】这篇短文给我们介绍了Bill的家人。他有一个幸福的家庭,他爸爸是一名医生,他的妈妈是一个老师。他们的饮食都很健康。但是Bill喜欢吃冰淇淋,他妈妈不想让他吃冰淇淋,因为吃太多的冰淇淋会使人变胖,对身体健康没有好处。
1. B 【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意:Bill是我的朋友,他有一个幸福的家庭。map地图;family家人;家庭;photo照片;room房间。根据文意可知,这篇短文给我们介绍的是Bill的家人,故选B。
2. A 【解析】考查介词及语境的理解。句意:他的父亲在北京的一个医院里工作。in在……里面;on在……上面;to 到……;of……的。根据句意可知,Bill的父亲在医院里工作,故选A。
4. B 【解析】考查介词及语境的理解。句意:早饭他通常吃两个鸡蛋和一杯牛奶,然后开车去上班。at在具体的时刻或地点;for 因为,为了;in在……里面;of……的。这里for breakfast是固定的短语,表示早饭吃什么东西。故选B。
5. A 【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意:他的妈妈是我们学校的一个老师。teacher老师;student学生;worker工人;doctor医生。根据句中的in our school可知,Bill的妈妈应该是老师。故选A。
6. C 【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意:早饭她通常吃一些面包。apple苹果;milk牛奶;bread面包;hamburger 汉堡包。空前有some,因此如果选A或D的话,应该用复数形式;milk是饮料,是喝的,不是吃的。故选C。
7. B 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:她的英语课非常有趣,我们都非常喜爱她。boring无聊的,令人厌烦的;interesting有趣的;difficult困难的;fat胖的。根据下句话So we all love her可知,他妈妈的课非常有趣。故选B。
8. D 【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。句意:他非常喜欢吃冰淇淋,但是他的妈妈不想让他吃那个。For因为,为了;And和,而且,表示并列;So因此,所以;But但是,表示转折。根据句意可知,这里表示转折的关系,故选D。
9. B 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:她说冰淇淋不健康。happy开心的,幸福的;healthy健康的;easy容易的;great棒的,大的。根据文意可知,Bill的妈妈不想让他吃冰淇淋,因为它不健康。选B。
10. A 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:如果他吃太多冰淇淋,他可能会变胖。fat肥胖的;boring无聊的,令人厌烦的;fun有趣的;thin瘦的。根据文意可知,吃太多冰淇淋会变胖。故选A。
五、阅读理解。
A
【文章大意】这是一段对话,早餐前,妈妈交代米奇外出时需要买回家做午餐和晚餐的东西。
3. A 【解析】题意:米奇将买 个胡萝卜。细节理解题。根据第6行妈妈的话can you get four tomatoes and two carrots, too?,可知妈妈让她买四个西红柿和两个胡萝卜,故选A。
4. B 【解析】题意:米奇会买哪一个?细节理解题。根据第7/8/9三行的内容Mom:Oh, we don’t have eggs. Mikey: OK. I’ll buy some.,可知妈妈让他买些鸡蛋,故选B。
5. D 【解析】题意:米奇喜欢什么?细节理解题。根据倒数第3行That’s great! I like it.,可知it指的是妈妈说的ice-cream,故选D。
B
【文章大意】本文作者海伦有两个姐妹,索尼亚和西尔维亚。 文中作者介绍了他们的饮食状况,并倡导健康饮食的观念。
6. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一句My name is Helen and I have two sisters, Sonia and Silvia.可知,海伦有两个姐妹。所以答案为B。
7. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Sonia and I like French fries, but Silvia doesn’t .可知,我和索尼亚喜欢炸薯条。所以答案为C。
8. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第四句I don’t like eggs for dinner, but Sonia and Silvia do.可知,索尼亚和西尔维亚喜欢吃鸡蛋,故作肯定回答。所以答案为C。
9. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句We like hamburgers for lunch.可知,他们午餐喜欢吃汉堡包。所以答案为C。
10. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句We eat good food every day. We eat good food every day. But sometimes(有时) we don’t eat good food .可知,他们并不是每天都吃好的食物。所以答案为B。