2020届中考英语必备语法之宾语从句

2020届中考必备语法之宾语从句
【观察下面句子，找规律】
She has found out the truth.
She has found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
一．【定义】在主句中充当动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词有that, if, whether, who, whose, whom, what, which, when, where, why, how.
二．宾语从句的判断
是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。
Rose saidshe would visit us sometime next week. 露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。
↓ ↓
（主句/从句）（主句/从句）
Could you tell mewhere he is from? 你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？
↓ ↓
（主句/从句）（主句/从句）
三．连接词
1、陈述句的引导词用that，可省略。
“I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou. “ He says.
→He says he is going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou.
2、一般疑问句的引导词用if/ whether“是否”。（后有or 时只用whether）
“Do you want to play basketball with me? “ He asks me.
→He asks me I want to play basketball with him.
3、特殊疑问句的引导词，根据意思选择what/when/where/how/why/who/whose等。
“How old are you?” They want to know.
→They want to know you are.
********I hear ______ he will be back in an hour.
A. who B. that C. which D. why
that在句中无意义，只起连接作用，在口语或非正式文体中常省略，引导的是陈述句。

(1) I was told ______ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.
A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when
(2) I’m sure _______ he will succeed.
A. that B. what C. when D. how

********---- Do you know the man under the tree?
----- Sony, I don’t know________?
A. how is he B. what is he C. who he is D. bother
若宾语从句部分为特殊疑问句，则宾语从句的引导词为特殊疑问词
Did you hear what she said? 你听见她说的话了吗？

1. Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
A. that B. Whose C. who D. Which
2. ----- Be careful! Don't break the bottles. Do you hear _______ I said, David?
----- Yes, mum
A. what B. that C. why D. if
*******---- Will Liu Ying come to school today?
----- I don’t know. But I also want to know__________.
A. that she will come to school today
B. whether will she come to school today
C. how will she come to school today
D. if she will come to school today
whether / if 做“是否”讲时，一般可以互换，常在know, ask, care, wonder等词后，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。 Whether / if 在宾语从句中不作任何成分，但含有“是否”的含义，在句中不可省略。如：
I don’t know whether / if she will be able to come.
我不知道她能不能来。
注意：whether与if在表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时常可通用。但以下情况下只能用whether
⑴ 介词后的宾语从句用whether引导
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
我在想我们是否该去钓鱼。
(2) whether引导的宾语从句可以与or not连用
I don’t know whether he is free or not.
我不知道他是否有时间。

(3) 在不定式前、引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether
Whether he is right or wrong is a question.
关于这个问题不知道他是对还是错。
He does not know whether to work or play.
他不知道是去工作还是去玩。
(4) 宾语从句提前时
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
我不说这是对还是错。
(5) 在动词discuss后的宾语从句中
We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.
我们在讨论下个星期我们是否要举行运动会。
(1) I want to know ______ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.
A. that B. when C. where D. whether
(2) The teacher asked the students __________.
A. if they were interested in dinosaurs
B. when was Albert Einstein born
C. what they will do with the computers
D. how many trees they have planted

四．时态（主句从句在时态上要一致）
1、主句是现在时(一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句时态由从句的时间状语和语境决定。
“John wants to visit you.” Tom tells me.
→Tom tells me John to visit you.
2、主句是过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句只用过去某种相应时态（一般过去时，过去进
行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）。
“When shall we have the meeting?” The boy asked.
→The boy asked they have the meeting.
3、从句表示客观真理或事实时，用一般现在时。
“The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told the students.
→The teacher told the students the earth around the sun.

*********—What did Jack ask you just now?
—He wanted to know how long _________when I reached the cinema.
A. had the film been on B. the film had started
C. the film had lasted D. had the film ended

(1) Mr. King didn’t know ________ yesterday evening.
A. when his son will come home B. when his son comes home
C. when his son is coming home D. when his son came home
(2) He wanted to know ________ .
A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start
C. what he is going to do at the meeting D. where the meeting will be
(3) Our teacher told us light ________ much faster than sound.
A. traveled B. is traveling C. travels D. have traveled





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