(共28张PPT)
语法专题（五）
介词和介词短语
第五篇 语法突破
考点一 时间介词的用法
词条 用法 举例
at 用来表示在具体的时刻或年龄 at 8:00 在八点 at noon 在中午
at night 在晚上 at the age of 15 在15岁时
on 用来表示在具体的某一天或特定的某一天的上午/下午/晚上 on June 1st 在6月1日
on my birthday 在我生日那天
on a cold winter day 在一个寒冷的冬日
on Saturday morning 在周六上午
on the evening of September 10th 在9月10日的晚上
用在星期、节日
前 on Monday 在星期一
on Teachers' Day 在教师节
词条 用法 举例
in ①用在某个世纪、年份、月份、季节前或泛指在上午、下午或晚上
②“in+一段时间”表示在一段时间之后,用于将来时 in the 21st century 在21世纪
in 2020 在2020年
in October 在10月份
in spring 在春天
in a few days 几天后
in the morning/afternoon/evening
在上午/下午/晚上
during 在……期间 during the summer holiday 在暑假期间
during those 20 days 在那20天里
词条 用法 举例
for 后接时间段,表示延续多久 Alice has been in China for six years.
艾丽斯在中国六年了。
since 后接时间点/时间的分界线,或表示时间点的时间状语从句,常用于现在完成时 I have lived here since 2010.
自从2010年以来我就一直住在这儿。
I have lived here since ten years ago.
自从10年前我就一直住在这儿。
I have lived here since I was a child.
自从我是个孩子时我就一直住在这儿。
from 后接开始的时间,常用搭配:from…to… 从……到…… From now on, I'll get up early.
从现在起,我将要早起。
词条 用法 举例
before 在……之前 I must finish all the work before ten o'clock.
我必须在10点前完成所有的工作。
after 后接时间点,常用于将来时 I will go to school after seven o'clock.
我将在7点之后去上学。
后接以过去为起点的时间段,多用于过去时 Uncle Tom finished school after three years.
汤姆叔叔3年后毕业了。
词条 用法 举例
by by+时间点(表过去),常用于过去完成时 By 2019, I had worked there for ten years.
到2019年为止,我已经在那里工作10年了。
by+时间点(表将来),常用于将来完成时 By the end of this term, I will have learned
1,000 English words.
到这个学期结束时,我将学完1000个英语单词。
until 表示动作持续到某一时间 We must work here until 10 o'clock.
我们必须在这儿工作到10点钟。
考点二 表示地点和方位的介词
1. at, on, in和to
词条 用法 举例
at 后接较小的场所或具体地点 at home 在家
at school 在学校
at the bus station 在公交站
on 与……表面接触 on the desk 在书桌上 on the floor 在地板上
表示两地接壤 Guangxi is on the west of Guangdong.
广西在广东的西边。
词条 用法 举例
in 表示在较大的地方(国家、省、城市等) in China 在中国
in Hebei 在河北
in the city 在城市
在周围环境是立体的地方 in the forest 在森林里
in the classroom 在教室里
to 在……范围之外,不接壤 Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国的东部。
2. across, through, over 和past
(1)across“横过;穿过”,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。
Go across the bridge, and you will see the hotel.
过了桥你就会看到那家宾馆。
(2)through“穿过;透过”,指从某一物体的空间内部穿过。
Go through the forest, and you will see a river.
穿过森林,你将会看到一条河流。
(3)over“越过;翻过”,指从某一物体的上方越过,表面不接触。
The plane flew over the mountains.
飞机从那些山峰的上方飞过。
(4)past“经过”,指从旁边经过。
The teacher saw the boy sleeping when he walked past the classroom.
当老师经过教室时,他看到那个男孩正在睡觉。
3. in front of 和in the front of
(1)in front of “在……前面”(范围外)。
There is a tree in front of the classroom.
教室前面有一棵树。(教室外)
(2)in the front of “在……前面”(范围内)。
Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.
我们的老师站在教室的前面。(教室内)
4. between和among
(1)between 表示在两者之间。
The school is between the supermarket and the bookshop.
学校在超市和书店之间。
(2)among 表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。
She sits among us, like a student.她坐在我们当中,像个学生。
5. over, above, under和below
词条 含义及用法
over “在……正上方”,不接触,其反义词是under,意为“在……正下方”
above “在……的上方”,不接触,且不一定垂直,其反义词是below,意为“在……下方”
考点三 表示方式、方法、途径的介词
词条 用法 举例
by by+表示交通工具的单数名词,且名词前不加任何修饰词 by plane 坐飞机
by bus 坐公交车
by subway 坐地铁
by+与交通有关的名词,表示交通方式 I will go there by sea.
我将坐船去那里。
“by+名词/动名词”表示凭借工具或手段 Some work must be done by hand.
有些工作必须手工完成。
词条 用法 举例
in in+封闭的交通工具,且名词前有限定词 Alan goes to work in his sister's car.
艾伦坐他姐姐的车去上班。
in+某种材料/语言/声音等 She wrote a letter in black ink.
她用黑墨水写了一封信。
Can you say it in English?
你能用英语表达吗?
词条 用法 举例
on on+开放型或大型交通工具,且名词前有限定词;固定搭配除外,如on foot My father goes to work on a bus every
morning.
我爸爸每天早上坐公交车去上班。
表示用网络、电话、收音机、电视等 They talked on the phone and made a deal.
他们通过电话交谈并达成了协议。
with 表示“用;以;借助于”,其后常接具体的工具 I wrote the letter with a pen.
我用钢笔写的这封信。
考点四 其他常考介词的用法
Everyone is very happy except him. 除了他,每个人都很开心。
I learn English and maths besides Chinese.
除了语文,我还学习英语和数学。
I'm leaving for Shanghai this weekend.
这个周末我将去上海。
He came in with a book in his hand.
他进来了,手里拿着一本书。
Let me speak to you as a friend.
让我以朋友的身份对你讲。
He is leaning against the wall and he is against my opinion.
他靠在墙边,反对我的观点。
考点五 含有介词的短语
介词和动词、形容词和名词相结合后,有特定的意思,应熟记。
常见搭配 举例
动词+介词 look at 看, look for 寻找, think of 想起, wait for 等待,
arrive at/in 到达
be动词+形容词+介词 be kind to 对……友好, be good at 擅长, be interested
in 对……感兴趣, be sorry for 为……抱歉, be friendly to
对……友善, be late for 迟到
介词+名词 at home 在家, on business 出差, in English 用英语,
by bus 坐公交车, after school 放学后
常见搭配 举例
其他 at once 立刻, with one's help 在某人的帮助下,
by the way 顺便问一下, by the end of 到……末为止,
to one's surprise 使某人惊奇的是
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
1. [2019·西城一模]I would like to take part in the volunteer work
May Day.?
A. in B. on C. at D. for
2. [2019·通州一模]—When do you usually get up the morning, Lily??
—I usually get up at 6 o'clock.
A. in B. at C. of D. on
3. [2019·石景山二模]Mr. Feng arrived in Beijing the morning of May 5th.?
A. on B. in C. for D. at
B
A
A
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
4. [2019·门头沟期末]I often go to school bike. ?
A. in B. by C. on D. at
5. [2019·东城二模]I have a new model car. I got it my dad. ?
A. at B. of C. from D. by
6. [2019·大兴一模]There is a map of China the wall of the classroom.?
A. at B. in C. on D. with
7. [2019·丰台二模]We will have the Dragon Boat Festival June this year.?
A. in B. on C. at D. of
B
C
C
A
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
8. [2019·门头沟一模]We have our art lesson Tuesday afternoon.?
A. in B. of C. on D. at
9. [2019·延庆一模]—What will you buy your mom??
—Some flowers.
A. in B. at C. for D. on
10. [2019·石景山一模]I have dancing classes every Saturday.
They start 8 o'clock.?
A. at B. on C. in D. to
C
C
A
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
11. [2019·东城一模]My friend Jenny will arrive in Beijing May 10.?
A. at B. on C. from D. in
12. [2019·房山期末]—Grace, let me help you carry the heavy box.
—Thank you your help. ?
A. on B. at C. to D. for
13. [2019·顺义二模]My mother is a teacher. She works No. 5 Middle School. ?
A. in B. to C. of D. on
B
D
A
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
14. [2019·丰台一模]What a good day! Would you like to fly a kite
me??
A. with B. in C. for D. from
15. [2019·房山一模]I walk to the street corner and wait the school bus.?
A. to B. for C. at D. in
16. [2019·海淀二模]—Excuse me, sir.Where is the cinema?
—It's the fourth floor.?
A. for B. to C. of D. on
A
B
D
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
17. [2019·朝阳一模]Peter's father works a big hospital. And he is a good doctor.?
A. in B. on C. from D. of
18. [2019·海淀期末]—Shall we meet the school gate after school? ?
—Sure.
A. on B. in C. at D. over
A
C
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
19. [2019·朝阳二模]Our foreign teacher often goes to work ?????????????
bike. He likes cycling very much.?
A. by B. at C. of D. in
20. [2019·顺义期末]J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series was completed
2007. ?
A. for B. in C. with D. from
A
B
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
【语法综合演练】内容见Word版资源：
第05篇 语法专题05 介词和介词短语
语法专题（五） 介词和介词短语
1.[2019·武威、白银]I’m going out. I’ll be back an hour.?
A.at B.on
C.in D.from
2.[2019·天水]I want to learn a second foreign language English.?
A.except B.beside
C.besides D.except for
3.[2019·青岛]The high-speed train Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours. ?
A.from B.among
C.in D.between
4.[2019·乐山改编]—Do you have this T-shirt in a different color?
—I’m afraid not. It only comes red. ?
A.of B.in
C.for D.at
5.[2019·重庆B]I enjoy talking with my classmates our way to school. ?
A.on B.at
C.in D.under
6.[2019·滨州]—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.
—You shouldn’t watch TV too much. It’s bad your eyes. ?
A.on B.in
C.for D.with
7.[2019·宜宾改编]Oh, , if you see Lucy, tell her that I enjoy her Chinese paintings. ?
A.in fact B.by the way
C.in other words D.after all
8.[2019·凉山州]—Look, there is a cute bird, Mom.
—It flew into our kitchen the window just now, Alex. ?
A.across B.under
C.above D.through
9.[2019·孝感]To my great joy, my family is always me whatever I decide to do.?
A.behind B.to
C.from D.against
10.[2019·湘西改编]—Hi, Bob. You don’t look well. What’s the matter you??
—I talked too much and didn’t have any water last night. I have a sore throat now.
A.in B.of
C.with D.for
11.[2019·泰州改编]Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing! And if you need any help, please call me 010-55586390.?
A.at B.in
C.with D.by
12.[2019·长沙改编]Yesterday our headmaster made a speech environmental protection, and we learned something about recycling of waste.?
A.at B.on
C.to D.for
13.[2019·无锡]Let’s take a walk the river after dinner, shall we??
A.over B.through
C.upon D.along
14.[2019·福建改编]—Is that your headmaster?
—You mean the man blue??
A.on B.with
C.in D.at
15.[2019·呼和浩特]Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily the windows.?
A.against B.across
C.above D.below
16.[2019·武汉]He wrote his phone number a piece of paper.?
A.for B.on
C.in D.from
17.[2019·淮安] the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole. ?
A.At B.In
C.On D.With
18.[2019·扬州]Facial recognition(人脸识别) technology is widely used for payment. , we needn’t enter the passwords any more.?
A.For example B.As a result
C.What’s worse D.What’s more
19.[2019·广东]I think tea will taste better some milk in it.?
A.for B.from
C.with D.at
20.[2019·河北]This story is simple English. My little sister can read it. ?
A.in B.for
C.with D.by
【参考答案】
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.B
8.D 9.A 10.C 11.A
12.B 考查介词辨析。句意:昨天我们的校长做了一个关于环境保护的演讲。我们学到了一些关于废物回收利用的知识。介词on有“关于”的含义,后面跟表示report, lecture, speech等的主题的词。
13.D 14.C
15.A 考查介词辨析。句意:当雨开始猛烈地拍打窗户的时候,本正在帮助他的妈妈。against反对,撞;across穿过,横穿;above在……上面;below在……下面。根据句意可知,选A。
16.B 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.A
