(共27张PPT)
语法专题（七）
形容词和副词
第五篇 语法突破
形容词用于修饰名词和代词,表示人或事物的性质和特征;副词既可修饰动词,又可修饰形容词和其他副词,甚至整个句子。
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
1. 形容词的基本用法
功能 位置 例句
作定语 一般放在名词前;常用作定语的形容词：little, only(唯一的), wooden, elder等 There are four wooden chairs under the table.
桌子下有四把木质的椅子。
功能 位置 例句
作后置定语 形容词修饰不定代词时,通常后置 I have something interesting to tell you.
我有有趣的事情要告诉你。
作表语 一般放在be动词后,常用作表语的形容词：alone, awake, alive, well(健康的), ill等 I was awake last night and I'm sleepy now.
我昨晚失眠了。现在我很困。
作宾语补足语 常置于keep, make, leave等动词之后,说明宾语的性质、状态和特征 Please keep the room clean and tidy.
请保持房间干净整洁。
[拓展] 形容词的其他用法
(1)“the+形容词”表示一类人或物,如：the old 老人。
(2)数词+表示长、宽、高、深以及年龄的名词+形容词,如：five thousand metres long 5千米长。
(3)形容词常用句式:
①“It's+adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.” 表示“某人做某事是……的”。在这一句型中,常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如: good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful等。
②“It's+adj.+for+sb.+to do sth.” 表示“做某事对某人来说是……的”。在这一句型中,常用描述事物性质的形容词,如: easy, difficult, important, safe, dangerous等。
功能 位置 例句
作状语 ①多数副词放在动词之后;
②动词若带宾语,则放在宾语之后;
③频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、助动词和be动词之后 My brother studies very hard.
我哥哥学习很努力。
She speaks English well.
她英语说得很好。
I usually get up early on school days.
在上学日我通常起得很早。
2. 副词的基本用法
功能 位置 例句
作表语 主要限于少数状态或位置副词、时间副词以及其他副词,如in, out, on, back, down, up等 When will you be back?
你什么时候回来?
作定语 一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 Life here is full of joy.
这里的生活充满了欢乐。
[拓展] (1)程度副词一般放在所修饰的词前,但enough作副词时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。
He didn't work hard enough last term but now he works very hard.
上学期他学习不够努力,但现在他学习非常努力。
构成 例词
形容词后直接加-ly careful—carefully, beautiful—beautifully
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,
变y为i,再加-ly lucky—luckily, happy—happily
以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,
去e,再加-y terrible—terribly, possible—possibly,
simple—simply
少数以e结尾的形容词,去e,再加-ly true—truly, due—duly
与形容词同形的副词:enough, well, fast, late, early, deep, high, slow, hard,
long, low, much, little, only, back, just, free, most, close
(2)副词的构成
[注意] 有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词, 如:lonely, lovely, friendly, motherly。
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的变化规则
(1)规则变化
情况 变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词 直接加-er,-est strong stronger strongest
以不发音的字母e结
尾的词 加-r, -st wide wider widest
以一个辅音字母结尾
的重读闭音节的词 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er, -est fat
thin fatter
thinner fattest
thinnest
情况 变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级
以“辅音字母+y”
结尾的双音节词 变y为i,
再加-er, -est heavy
happy heavier
happier heaviest
happiest
多音节词及部分双音
节词 在原级前加more, most difficult
slowly more
difficult
more
slowly most difficult
most slowly
(2)常见的不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, badly, ill worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
far farther, further farthest, furthest
old older, elder oldest, eldest
考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级的用法
1. 原级的用法
(1)只能修饰原级的词有very, quite, too, so等。
Today is too hot.今天真是太热了。
(2)原级常用的句型结构:
结构 例句
①“A+be/v.+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B”表示“A和B程度相同” Tom is as old as Kate.
汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
Tom runs as fast as Mike.
汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
②“A+be/v.+not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B”表示“A不如B……” This room is not as/so big as that one.
这个房间不如那个房间大。
He doesn't walk as slowly as you.
他走路不像你那样慢。
2. 比较级的用法
结构 例句
①“A+be/v.+形容词/副词比较级+than+B”表示“A比B……” Tom is taller than Kate. 汤姆比凯特高。
I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨比我妈妈起床还早。
②“A+be/v.+形容词/副词比较级+
than+any other+单数可数名词(+介词短语)”表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”,含义是“A最……”
(该句型虽用比较级的结构,但表达最高级的意思) The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
长江是中国最长的河流。
结构 例句
③“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two…”表示“A是两者中较……的” Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
④“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……” He is getting taller and taller.
他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮了。
结构 例句
⑤“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……” The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
你越认真,犯的错误就越少。
⑥“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级, A or B?” Which is bigger, the earth or the moon?哪一个大,地球还是月球?
⑦ “特殊疑问词+v.+副词比较级, A or B?” Who draws better, Jenny or Danny?
谁画得比较好,詹妮还是丹尼?
[注意] 比较级前一般可用much, a little, a lot, even, still, far, a bit 等来修饰。
3. 最高级的用法
结构 例句
①“主语+be/v.+the+形容词/副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的” Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.
汤姆是他班上/所有学生当中最高的。
I jump (the) farthest in my class.
我是我班上跳得最远的。
②“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一” Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
北京是中国最大的城市之一。
结构 例句
③“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A,B,or C?”用于三者及三者以上的比较 Which country is the largest, China, Brazil or Canada?
哪一个国家最大,中国、巴西还是加拿大?
④表示“第几……”用“the+序数词+最高级+名词” Li Ming is the second tallest student in the class.
李铭是班里第二高的学生。
[注意] 形容词最高级前要加the,副词最高级前的the可以省略。
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
1. [2019·西城二模]—Lucy, which season do you like in Beijing, spring or autumn??
—Autumn.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
2. [2019·东城二模]Jim wants to get better grades, so he studies
than before.?
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
3. [2019·西城一模]Huawei is one of technology companies in China.?
A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest
B
B
D
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
4. [2019·房山一模]Tony is my cousin. He is two years than me.?
A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest
5. [2019·顺义一模]Nancy is of the three girls, but she is the youngest. ?
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
6. [2019·海淀期末]Paul keeps doing exercise. Now he is much ?????????????
than he used to be. ?
A. healthy B. healthier C. healthiest D. the healthiest
B
D
B
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
7. [2019·密云期末]—Rose, you look much than last week.?
—Yes, Dad. The final exam is coming.
A. busy B. busier C. busiest D. the busiest
8. [2019·门头沟二模]Art is subject in our class.?
A. popular B. more popular
C. most popular D. the most popular
9. [2019·东城一模]—Tom, which subject is for you, physics or chemistry??
—Chemistry, I think.
A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. the easiest
B
D
B
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
10. [2019·延庆一模]The air in Beijing is getting much now than a few years ago.?
A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
11. [2019·朝阳一模]Beijing, the capital of China, is one of cities in the world.?
A. modern B. more modern
C. most modern D. the most modern
12. [2019·丰台一模]Nowadays people wish to eat food than before to keep fit.?
A. healthy B. healthier C. healthiest D. the healthiest
B
D
B
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
13. [2019·石景山二模]—Which city do you think is , New York or London??
—London.
A. interesting B. more interesting
C. most interesting D. the most interesting
14. [2019·门头沟一模]Tom runs than any other student in his class.?
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
B
B
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
15. [2019·怀柔一模]We have a lovely room. It's one of in the hotel.?
A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest
16. [2019·海淀二模]The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is ?????????????
bridge I have ever seen.?
A. wonderful B. more wonderful
C. most wonderful D. the most wonderful
D
D
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
17. [2019·石景山一模]—Which is season to visit Yuyuantan Park??
—Spring. It's fantastic.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
18. [2019·昌平二模]During the rush hour, maybe it's to go by bike than by bus. ?
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
19. [2019·房山二模]Paul studies hard and he is student in our class.?
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
D
B
D
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
20. [2019·朝阳二模]WeChat is growing fast and it is than QQ in recent years.?
A. popular B. more popular
C. most popular D. the most popular
B
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
【语法综合演练】内容见Word版资源：
第05篇 语法专题07 形容词和副词
语法专题（七） 形容词和副词
1.[2019·天津]Jenny will get up than usual in order to catch the first bus. ?
A.early B.very early
C.earlier D.earliest
2.[2019·武威、白银]Father was so busy with his work that he had time to read the newspaper.?
A.little B.some
C.much D.a bit of
3.[2019·宿迁]LeBron James is one of players in the NBA.He is my hero.?
A.better B.the best
C.worse D.the worst
4.[2019·大庆]—If there are people driving, there will be air pollution.?
—Yes, and the air will be fresher.
A.less; less B.less; fewer
C.fewer; fewer D.fewer; less
5.[2019·苏州]Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you ??
A.quickly B.happily
C.clearly D.slowly
6.[2019·贵港]—Frank has changed a lot, hasn’t he?
—Yes. He is much because he exercises every day.?
A.strong B.stronger
C.strongest D.the strongest
7.[2019·毕节]Does the dish taste as as it looks??
A.well B.best
C.good D.better
8.[2019·江西]—What do you think of the band’s performance?
—It could be . I think they’re feeling very nervous. ?
A.good B.better
C.bad D.worse
9.[2019·重庆B]The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the world’s cross-sea bridge, won another international prize in December, 2018. ?
A.long B.longer
C.longest D.the longest
10.[2019·武威、白银]I could control my feelings at the moment. The movie reminds me of my childhood.?
A.really B.nearly
C.slowly D.hardly
11.[2019·新疆]The we do for other people, the we will be.?
A.much; happier B.more; happy
C.more; happier D.most; happiest
12.[2019·重庆B]Lisa made so many mistakes in her homework, because she didn’t do it enough. ?
A.carefully B.busily
C.quickly D.warmly
13.[2019·重庆A]Nobody worked the math problem out. It was one of all. ?
A.easier B.the easiest
C.more difficult D.the most difficult
14.[2019·葫芦岛]—What do you think of the TV program I’m A Singer?
—Great! I’ve never watched a one.?
A.worse B.better
C.bad D.good
15.[2019·抚顺]—Tom speaks Chinese quite well now.
—Yes, he has made progress in Chinese learning.?
A.common B.simple
C.perfect D.rapid
16.[2019·海南改编]Shanghai has a population than that in many other cities.?
A.large B.larger
C.largest D.the largest
17.[2019·东营]—Chang’e-4 landed on the far side of the moon on January 3, 2019.?
—Wow! This day should be remembered.
A.completely B.suddenly
C.successfully D.strongly
18.[2019·贵阳改编]Everyone wants to win in the contest. But I think is to learn something and have fun.?
A.the most important B.important
C.more important D.much important
19.[2019·贵港]—What do you think of the TV program The Reader?
—Excellent. Many people are about it. They never miss it.?
A.crazy B.worried
C.nervous D.angry
20.[2019·滨州]—Confucius Institute(孔子学院) has been set up in many other countries.
—Yes, Chinese is spoken in those countries. I am proud of that as a Chinese. ?
A.hardly B.never
C.widely D.seldom
21.[2019·南通]—Would you like to go to the city and live with us, Granny?
—Oh, dear, I’m used to the life in the country.I think life here is .?
A.more comfortable
B.less comfortable
C.the most comfortable
D.the least comfortable
22.[2019·镇江]Because of the flood, there are tourists in that ancient town this year than last year.?
A.more B.most
C.fewer D.fewest
23.[2019·遂宁]Shanghai is one of in the world.?
A.the biggest cities B.biggest cities
C.the biggest city D.bigger cities
24.[2019·青岛]My brother has a healthy living habit.He stays up late, and he is an early bird.?
A.usually B.hardly
C.often D.always
25.[2019·安顺]—Roy never likes junk food.
—Neither do I.That’s probably why I’m becoming now.?
A.healthy and healthy
B.more and more healthily
C.weaker and weaker
D.healthier and healthier
26.[2019·河北]The High Speed Rail is amazing.It makes travel .?
A.easier B.harder
C.higher D.slower
27.[2019·鄂州]—Paul,do you prefer weekdays or weekends?
—Weekdays, of course.I’m on weekends.?
A.busy B.much busier
C.more busier D.the busiest
28.[2019·宜昌]—He hardly had friends because he used to be mean.
—But now he has changed a lot.He treats others and is popular.?
A.nicely B.carelessly
C.rudely D.heavily
29.[2019·无锡]—Guess what? The university has accepted my application!
—Wow! That’s news I’ve heard this year, Boris! Let’s celebrate!?
A.a worse B.the worst
C.a better D.the best
30.[2019·常州]—Can you give me some advice on how to be slimmer?
—Eat meat and cakes.?
A.less; less B.fewer; fewer
C.less; fewer D.fewer; less
【参考答案】
1.C 2.A 3.B
4.D 考查形容词辨析。句意:“如果开车的人更少,就会有更少的空气污染。”“是的,空气将会更新鲜。”fewer更少的,修饰可数名词;less更少的,修饰不可数名词。people为可数名词,应用few修饰;pollution为不可数名词,应用less修饰。故选D。
5.C 6.B
7.C 考查形容词辨析。句意:这道菜尝起来有看起来那么好吃吗?句中taste是系动词,后面用形容词作表语,句式as…as中间接形容词、副词原级。故选C。
8.B
9.C 考查形容词的比较等级。句意:2018年12月,世界上最长的跨海大桥——港珠澳大桥再次获得国际大奖。根据“the world”这个比较范围可知,此处应用最高级。当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时,不能再加定冠词the。故选C。
10.D
11.C 考查比较级结构。句意:我们为别人做得越多,我们就会越快乐。“the+比较级,the+比较级”意为“越……越……”,只有C选项中两个词均为比较级。故选C。
12.A 13.D
14.B 句意:“你觉得《我是歌手》这个电视节目怎么样?”“太好了!我从没看过比这更好的。”worse更糟的;better更好的;bad坏的;good好的。结合句意可知,选B。
15.D 考查形容词辨析。根据前句中“speaks Chinese quite well”可知,Tom在汉语学习中取得了快速的进步。common普遍的;simple简单的;perfect完美的;rapid快速的。根据句意可知,选D。
16.B
17.C 考查副词辨析。句意:“在2019年1月3日,嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面。”“哇!人们应该铭记这一天。”completely完全地;suddenly突然;successfully成功地;strongly强烈地。故选C。
18.A 19.A
20.C 考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不;widely广泛地;never从不,绝不;seldom很少。句意:“孔子学院在其他很多国家建立起来了。”“是的,汉语在那些国家被广泛使用。作为一名中国人我很自豪。”故选C。
21.A 考查形容词的比较等级。根据“I’m used to the life in the country”可知,乡村生活更舒适;表示“这儿的生活比城里更舒适”,用比较级。故选A。
22.C
23.A 考查形容词的比较等级。句意:上海是世界上最大的城市之一。“one of + the +形容词最高级+名词复数形式”,表示“最……之一”。故选A。
24.B 考查副词辨析。根据上文“我弟弟有一个健康的生活习惯”以及下文“他是一名早起者”可推知,中间句意为“他几乎不熬夜”,空白处意为“几乎不”。故选B。
25.D 26.A
27.B 考查形容词的比较等级。此处是两者(工作日和周末)进行比较,因此用比较级,而修饰比较级要用much而不能用more。故选B。
28.A 考查副词辨析。根据答语中的关键词“But”及“changed”可推知,后半句句意为“他对待别人很好,很受欢迎。”故选A。
29.D 考查形容词的比较等级。名词news后的定语从句“我今年所听到过的”提示用最高级修饰news。句意:“你猜怎么着?那所大学接受了我的申请。”“哇!那是我今年听到的最好的消息了,Boris! 我们去庆祝一下吧!”故选D。
30.C 考查形容词辨析。上句“你能给我一些怎样变得更苗条的建议吗?”提示下文意为“少吃肉、少吃蛋糕”。用little的比较级less修饰不可数名词meat,用few的比较级修饰可数名词cakes。两者都表示“更少的”。故选C。
