(共28张PPT)
语法专题（八）
动词和动词短语
第五篇 语法突破
考点一 行为动词
行为动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两类,能独立作句子的谓语。
1. 及物动词后面必须跟宾语才能完整地表达意思。
(正)Yesterday I bought a book.
(误)Yesterday I bought.
2. 不及物动词后面不跟宾语,句子的意思也完整。若不及物动词后要跟宾语,则动词与宾语之间需加介词或副词,构成动词短语。
She cried yesterday. 她昨天哭了。
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
请认真听老师讲课。
3. 延续性动词和非延续性动词。
(1)延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,如“for+一段时间”、“since+从句”、“since+表示时间点的名词”等。
I have lived in Beijing for 13 years.
我在北京已经住了13年了。
I have been like this since Friday.
从周五开始我就一直这样。
(2)非延续性动词表示动作或过程是短暂瞬间完成的,不可以和表示时间段的状语连用。
(误)I have bought the bike for three years.
(正) I have had the bike for three years.
这辆自行车我买了三年了。
非延续性→延续性 非延续性→延续性
leave→be away borrow→keep
buy→have begin/start→be on
die→be dead finish→be over
become→be marry→be married
put on→wear go out→be out
open→be open
(3)常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。
考点二 系动词
系动词有be, seem, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep, become, get, turn, grow等。系动词不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起使用,构成“系表结构”,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。表示状态的系动词一般没有进行时态。
类别 例词 例句
表示状态的系
动词 be My father is a teacher.
我的父亲是一位老师。
She is very kind.
她非常善良。
类别 例词 例句
表示持续的系
动词 keep, remain, lie,
stay My grandparents take exercise every
morning to keep healthy.
我的爷爷奶奶每天早上锻炼来保持健康。
感官系动词 look, sound,
feel, smell, taste The milk tastes a little sour.
牛奶尝起来有点酸。
The flowers look very beautiful.
这些花看起来很漂亮。
类别 例词 例句
表示状态变化的系动词 become, get,
turn, go, grow In spring, trees begin to turn green.
春天,树开始变绿了。
In summer, food goes bad easily.
夏天,食物容易变质。
考点三 助动词
助动词主要有be, do, does, did, have, has, had, will, would, shall, should等。助动词本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。
We are working hard in the garden. 我们正在花园里辛勤劳动。(be动词构成现在进行时)
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesn't构成否定句)
Do you live in Shanghai? 你住在上海吗?(do构成一般疑问句)
Have you finished the work? 你完成工作了吗?(have构成现在完成时)
The house was painted purple. 房子被刷成了紫色。(be动词构成被动语态)
I will call you this evening. 今晚我会打电话给你。(will构成一般将来时)
考点四 情态动词
初中阶段学过的情态动词有can/could, may/might, must, need, will/would, shall/should。情态动词有一定的含义,但不能单独使用,须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not,其疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前。
分类 用法 例句
can 与be
able to ①两者都表示能力,意为“能够;可以”。be able
to可用于任何时态,can只
能用于一般现在时和一般
过去时
②can和could(can的过去
式)还可以表示请求或推测
③can't 可表示否定推测 They will be able to tell you the news
soon. 他们很快就能告诉你消息了。
—Could I have the television on?
我可以开着电视吗?(请求)
—Yes, you can./No, you can't.
是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。
That can't be Mr. Wang. He has gone to
Beijing.
那不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。(推测)
分类 用法 例句
may与
might ①两者都表示“可能;可以;
请求;许可”,might的语气
较为委婉
②might(may的过去式)有
三种用法:表示过去式;使语
气更加委婉、客气;表示的
可能性更小 —May I use your pen?我能用你的钢笔吗?
—Yes, you may./No, you mustn't/can't.
是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。
Might I borrow some money now?
现在我可以借点钱吗?
He might be alive.
他可能还活着。
分类 用法 例句
have to
与must ①两者都表示“必须”。must表
示说话人的主观意愿;have to表
示客观需要
②must可以表示肯定推测,意为“一定,准是”,其否定形式为
mustn't,意为“禁止;不准;不许”
③ 对must构成的一般疑问句进行
回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,…must.”,否定回答用“No,…needn't.”或“No,…don't/doesn't have to.” My brother was badly ill. I had to call the
doctor.
我弟弟病得很重。我不得不把医生请来。
I must finish my work today.
我今天必须完成我的工作。
The man must be our teacher.
那个人一定是我们的老师。 (推测)
You mustn't drive after drinking.
你酒后一定不要驾车。
—Must I go home now?我必须现在回家吗?
—No, you needn't/don't have to. 不,你不必。
分类 用法 例句
shall与
should shall常用于第一人称, 表示
提建议或请求;should意为“应该”,可用于各种人称,
强调义务或责任,也可表示
劝告或建议 Shall we go out for a walk?
我们出去散步好吗?(提建议)
You should study hard at school.
你们在学校应该努力学习。(劝告)
will与
would will用于第二人称疑问句时,
表示征求意见或提建议;
would为will的过去式,可
用于多种人称,表示意愿 Your parents will try their best to help
you. 你的父母会尽最大的努力来帮助你。
Would you like to go shopping with me?
你愿意和我去购物吗?
分类 用法 例句
need ①need作情态动词时,表示“需要;有必
要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否
定形式为needn't,表示“没有必要;不
必”;对need构成的一般疑问句进行回
答时,肯定回答用“Yes,…must.”, 否定
回答用“No,…needn't”
②need 还可以用作实义动词,常用于以
下两种结构:need to do sth. 需要做某
事; need doing sth.某事需要被做 She needn't go there right
now.
她现在没必要去那里。
—Need I come?我需要来吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须来。
I need to learn more.
我需要学习更多。
My hair needs cutting.
我的头发该剪了。
【归纳】 情态动词表推测的用法:
1. 在肯定句中一般用must(一定),may/might(可能),could(也许;或许),其中must表推测的语气最强,其余依次减弱。
2. 在否定句中一般用can't (不可能)。
3. 在疑问句中用can/could(可能)。
—Can the red sweater be Tom's?这件红色的毛衣会是汤姆的吗?
—No, it can't. He can't stand red.不, 不可能。他忍受不了红色。
考点五 动词短语
1. 动词+副词：常见的有take off, write down, hand in, fix up等。这类动词短语的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。
Hand in your homework.把你的作业交上来。
2. 动词+介词：常见的有ask for, care about, look for, look after, laugh at, hear of, lead to, wait for等。
Don't laugh at the people who are in trouble.
不要嘲笑那些处于困境中的人。
3. 动词+名词：常见的有have fun, play sports, take place等。这类动词短语相当于不及物动词。
This story took place three years ago.
这个故事发生在三年前。
4. 动词+副词+介词：常见的有look down upon, go on with, add up to, catch up with, do well in, run out of等。
Study hard, and you will catch up with your classmates.
努力学习,你就会赶上你的同学。
5. 动词+名词+介词：常见的有take care of, pay attention to等。
She often takes care of her younger sister.
她经常照顾她的妹妹。
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
1. [2019·西城一模]—Excuse me, I take a photo of this beautiful drawing??
—I'm afraid not. There is a sign “No Photo”.
A. may B. must C. should D. need
2. [2019·大兴一模]—Where can I park my car?
—You park your car over there.?
A. can B. ought to C. need D. must
3. [2019·东城一模]There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You
buy any. ?
A. needn't B. mustn't C. wouldn't D. couldn't
A
A
A
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
4. [2019·丰台二模]— I sing an English song??
—No, you needn't. You can sing whatever you like.
A. Can B. May C. Need D. Must
5. [2019·石景山一模]Excuse me, sir, you smoke in the forest. It's dangerous.?
A. wouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't
6. [2019·石景山二模]— you like to drink some tea??
—Yes, please. Thanks very much.
A. Would B. Can C. Might D. Must
D
C
A
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
7. [2019·怀柔一模]—Jack, you swim??
—Yes. I often go swimming with my father in summer.
A. can B. must C. may D. should
8. [2019·通州一模]—Mom, must I clean the room right now?
—No, you . You can clean it later.?
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
9. [2019·丰台一模]—Can I hand in my homework tomorrow,
Ms. Smith?
—No. You hand it in today.?
A. can B. may C. could D. must
A
A
D
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
10. [2019·海淀一模]— I use your dictionary??
—Sure, here you are.
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Should
11. [2019·海淀二模]I'm sorry I go now. My piano lesson will start in ten minutes.?
A. must B. might C. can D. could
12. [2019·房山一模]—Must we leave the library before 5 o'clock?
—No, you . You can stay here until 5:30.?
A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
B
A
A
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
13. [2019·东城二模]Jenny is only eight years old, but she ?????????????
cook.?
A. may B. must C. should D. can
14. [2019·怀柔期末]Bob, you ?????????????keep quiet in the library.?
A. can B. may C. must D. need
15. [2019·昌平临川中学期末]—Oh dear! Where's my key? I ?????????????
find it.?
—Mum, it's on the kitchen table.
A. can't B. needn't C. shouldn't D. mustn't
D
C
A
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
16. [2019·门头沟一模]— you swim across the river, Ann??
—No, I can't.
A. Can B. May C. Need D. Must
17. [2019·门头沟二模]— I have a cup of tea, Miss Anderson??
—Of course. Here you are.
A. May B. Must C. Need D. Should
18. [2019·海淀期末]—Must I hand in my report now?
—No, you . You can finish it by the end of this week.?
A. needn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. can't
A
A
A
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
19. [2019·顺义期末]I think dogs are our friends. They look after our home. ?
A. must B. might C. can D. need
20. [2019·朝阳二模]—Must I send the email now?
—No, you . You can do it tomorrow.?
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
C
C
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
【语法综合演练】内容见Word版资源：
第05篇 语法专题08 动词和动词短语
语法专题（八） 动词和动词短语
|情态动词|
1.[2019·云南]—I’ve got a toothache, Mom.
—Oh, you eat too much candy. ?
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t
C.should D.need
2.[2019·本溪]The man be a doctor in this hospital, but I’m not sure.?
A.must B.would
C.can D.might
3.[2019·贵阳改编]—Dad, my bike is broken. I use yours??
—Sure! It’s in the backyard.
A.Must B.Should
C.May D.Need
4.[2019·大庆]We pay to get into the concert, because it’s free.?
A.mustn’t B.can’t
C.don’t need to D.might not
5.[2019·北京]—Lily, you finish the letter in ten minutes??
—Yes, I can.
A.must B.can C.need D.should
6.[2019·天水]—Listen! Is that Linda playing the piano in the room?
—No. It be Linda; she has gone to London.?
A.can’t B.needn’t
C.may not D.mustn’t
7.[2019·宜宾改编]Zhao Liying, who played in Legend of Chu Qiao, says, “As an actress, you be hard-working.”?
A.can B.may C.must D.might
8.[2019·苏州]—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree. Even Einstein read until he was seven.?
A.can’t B.mustn’t
C.needn’t D.couldn’t
9.[2019·淮安]—Will you stay here for dinner with us?
—Sorry, I . My mother is waiting for me at home. ?
A.mustn’t B.can’t
C.needn’t D.couldn’t
10.[2019·新疆]David, you please sweep the floor and take out the trash??
A.could B.may C.might D.must
11.[2019·广东]Dirty air and water are harmful. They kill plants, and even people.?
A.can B.can’t
C.should D.shouldn’t
12.[2019·郴州改编]—May I take the magazine out of the reading room?
—No, you . Please read it here.?
A.couldn’t B.wouldn’t
C.needn’t D.mustn’t
13.[2019·日照]You be very tired with the long drive. Let’s stop to have a rest. ?
A.can B.must C.shall D.need
14.[2019·安徽]The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you worry about its weight. ?
A.must B.may
C.can’t D.needn’t
15.[2019·襄阳]—The driver be hurt badly in the accident.?
—That’s true. Let’s send him to the hospital as soon as possible.
A.need B.can’t
C.must D.may not
16.[2019·铜仁]—Kangkang, I saw your English teacher in the office just now.
—It be him. He to Shanghai on business. ?
A.must; has gone B.must; has been
C.can’t; has been D.can’t; has gone
17.[2019·河南]Jerry didn’t pay me back, but he promised that he this Sunday.?
A.must B.would
C.could D.should
18.[2019·辽阳]—You smoke at the oil station; it’s too dangerous.?
—I’m sorry, I won’t.
A.couldn’t B.needn’t
C.wouldn’t D.mustn’t
19.[2019·梧州]—Must I clean my bedroom this afternoon, Mom?
—No, you . You can do it tomorrow, dear.?
A.needn’t B.mustn’t
C.can’t D.won’t
20.[2019·包头]— I have a word with you, Mr. Green? It won’t take long.?
—Okay.
A.Should B.May C.Need D.Must
|系动词和实义动词|
1.[2019·铁岭]The cover of the book comfortable.It’s made of silk.?
A.tastes B.feels
C.looks D.sounds
2.[2019·抚顺]Sometimes the smooth surface of the lake really like a mirror.?
A.sounds B.looks
C.smells D.tastes
3.[2019·乐山改编]—Look, Linda.The flowers in our classroom came out in one night.
—I can’t believe it.They are beautiful and colorful.They great.?
A.sound B.smell
C.taste D.look
4.[2019·贺州]The fruit salad delicious. I’d like to have more.?
A.tastes B.touches
C.sounds D.feels
5.[2018·辽阳]What you said in class very reasonable.?
A.looked B.sounded
C.smelt D.tasted
6.[2019·安徽]—Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you?
—Yes, I’d like to a single room for two nights.?
A.enter B.move
C.book D.provide
7.[2019·滨州]—Tom, the umbrella with you.Look at the dark sky! It’s going to rain.?
—Thank you, Dad.
A.take B.wear
C.use D.make
8.[2019·新疆]Mum likes soap operas.Let’s buy a TV for her.?
A.becoming B.watching
C.looking D.smelling
9.[2019·孝感]Hurry up! We’re late.I don’t want to the start of the film.?
A. catch B.get
C.miss D.lose
10.[2019·兰州]—Can I help you, Sir?
—Yes, please.I am a blue T-shirt.?
A.looking up B.looking for
C.looking after D.looking through
11.[2019·泰州]A forest fire at the end of March in Liangshan, Sichuan Province.Firemen rushed into the mountains but 27 of them never came back.?
A.turned out B.carried out
C.put out D.broke out
12.[2019·德阳]The concert is so wonderful that all the tickets are within two hours.?
A.cut out B.put out
C.taken out D.sold out
13.[2019·黄冈]—I don’t know how to the old books.?
—Why not give them away to poor children?
A.hand out B.give up
C.deal with D.take up
14.[2019·东营]—I’m going to learn some basic life skills, like cooking, washing clothes and tidying the rooms.
—So am I.We shouldn’t always our parents.?
A.look after B.depend on
C.take pride in D.get on with
15.[2019·咸宁]—Jimmy, the books are everywhere in your study.
—Sorry, Mom.I’ll at once.?
A.put them on B.put them away
C.put them out D.put them up
16.[2018·资阳]The air in the morning is so fresh here that I early to exercise.?
A.get up B.get on
C.get off D.get down
17.[2019·苏州]Would you please the light? I can’t sleep well with it on.?
A.turn on B.turn off
C.turn to D.turn around
18.[2019·滨州]They’ll succeed in working out the problem because they never .?
A.wake up B.give up
C.look up D.make up
19.[2019· 葫芦岛]Every evening my father newspapers while my mother watches TV.?
A.puts up B.looks for
C.gives away D.looks through
【参考答案】
|情态动词|
1.A 2.D 3.C
4.C 考查情态动词辨析。句意:我们 付钱进入音乐会,因为它是免费的。根据后半句“because it’s free”可知,音乐会是免费的,所以没必要付钱。mustn’t一定不要,表禁止、警告、命令;can’t不能,不可能,表禁止或猜测;don’t need to不必,没必要;might not可能不,表猜测。故选C。?
5.B 6.A
7.C 考查情态动词辨析。句意:出演《楚乔传》的赵丽颖说:“作为一名女演员,你必须很努力。”can 能;能够;may可以;must必须;might可能。根据语境可知选C。
8.D 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.D 13.B
14.D
15.C 考查情态动词辨析。need需要;can’t不可能;must必须,肯定;may not可能没,可能不。根据下句“我们尽快把他送医院吧。”可推知上句意为“在事故中那名司机肯定受伤很严重。”故选C。
16.D 17.B 18.D
19.A 考查情态动词辨析。句意:“妈妈,今天下午我必须要打扫我的房间吗?”“不,你不必,可以明天打扫的,亲爱的。”must提问的句子,回答用needn’t,表示“不必”。故选A。
20.B 考查情态动词辨析。should 应该;may 可以;need需要; must必须,肯定。It won’t take long. 意为“它不会占用很长时间。”由此可推知,前句意为“格林先生,我可以和您说句话吗?”表示请求。故选B。
|系动词和实义动词|
1.B 考查动词辨析。taste尝,有……味道;feel感到;look看上去像;sound听起来像。根据“comfortable”和“It’s made of silk.”可知,应该是感觉舒服。故选B。
2.B 3.B
4.A 考查动词辨析。taste尝,有……味道;touch触摸;sound听起来像;feel感到。根据“The fruit salad”和“delicious”可知,选A。
5.B 考查系动词辨析。look看上去像; sound听起来像;smell有……气味;taste尝,有……味道。结合“What you said in class”可知,选B。
6.C 考查动词辨析。enter进入;move搬到;book预订;provide提供。根据问句“Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you?”可知,这是一个关于预订房间的对话。故选C。
7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.D
12.D 考查动词短语辨析。cut out裁剪,删除;put out熄灭;take out提取;sell out卖光。根据“The concert is so wonderful”可知,票两个小时就卖光了。故选D。
13.C
14.B 考查动词短语辨析。look after照顾;depend on取决于;依赖;take pride in为……感到自豪;get on with相处融洽。根据“learn some basic life skills”可知,此处指不应该总依靠父母。故选B。
15.B
16.A 考查动词短语辨析。get up起床;get on上车;get off下车;get down使沮丧,记下。根据后面的“to exercise(锻炼)”可知,选A。
17.B 考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开;turn off关闭;turn to向……求助;turn around转身。根据下一句“开着灯我睡不好”可知,前半句表示“关灯”。故选B。
18.B
19.D 考查动词短语辨析。put up举起,搭建,张贴;look for寻找;give away捐赠;look through浏览,翻阅。根据“newspapers”可知,应是浏览报纸。故选D。
