(共16张PPT)
话题17
历史与社会(国家与民族、历史、文化、名家名作等)
第一篇 话题分层复习
【记忆导图】
【佳篇诵读】
Dear Peter,
I'm very happy to receive your e-mail. From your e-mail, I know there is a program called Culture China on your school website. It mainly introduces the customs of some Chinese festivals and the life of Chinese middle school students. I think this program is very helpful and useful. It can open your eyes to China and Chinese students. Thank you for asking me to write something for the program. Today, I am going to tell you something about Mid-Autumn Day.
Mid-Autumn Day is a traditional Chinese festival with a long history. It always falls on the 15th, August of the Chinese lunar year. On that day family members get together, have a big dinner, eat mooncakes, enjoy the bright moon in the yard and talk about something pleasant.
I hope the program is becoming more and more popular and I hope you could come over to my house and join us for the festival some day.
Yours,
Li Hua
词汇检测清单
国家与民族 1. (n.)世界?
2. (n.)国家?
3. (n.)亚洲?
→ (adj.)亚洲的,亚洲人
的(n.)亚洲人?
4. (n.)非洲?
→ (adj.)非洲的,非洲人
的(n.)非洲人? 5. (n.)欧洲?
→ (adj.)欧洲的,欧洲人
的(n.)欧洲人?
6. (n.)中国?
→ (adj.)中国的;中国人
的;汉语的(n.)中国人;汉语,中文?
world
country
Asia
Asian
Africa
African
Europe
European
China
Chinese
国家与民族 7. (n.)美国;美洲?
→ (adj.)美国的;美国人的
(n.)美国人
8. (n.)日本?
→ (adj.)日本的,日本人的
,日语的(n.)日本人,日语
9. (n.)澳洲;澳大利亚?
→ (adj.)澳洲的,澳大利亚
人的(n.)澳大利亚人? 10. (n.)英国?
→ (n.)英国人?
(adj.)英国的;英国人的
11. (n.)英格兰?
12. (n.)伦敦?
13. (n.)德国?
→ (adj.)德国的;德语的;
德国人的(n.)德语;德国人
America
American
Japan
Japanese
Australia
Australian
Britain
British
England
London
Germany
German
国家与民族 14. (n.)法国?
→ (adj.)法国的;法语的;
法国人的(n.)法语;法国人?
15. (n.)俄罗斯?
→ (adj.)俄国人的,俄语
的(n.)俄国人,俄语?
16. (n.)加拿大?
→ (adj.)加拿大的;加拿
大人的(n.)加拿大人? 17. (n.)印度?
→ (adj.)(美洲)印第安人
的;印度人的(n.)印第安人;印度人
18. (adj.)国家的,全国的,
民族的?
→ (adj.)国际的?
19. (n.)种族;民族?
France
French
Russia
Russian
Canada
Canadian
India
Indian
national
international
race
历史与文化 1. (adj.)社会的?
→ (n.)社会?
2. (adj.)古代的;古老的?
3. (adj.)现代的?
4. (n.)历史?
5. (v.)传播;延伸?
→ (过去式)?
→ (过去分词)? 6. (n.)文化?
→ (adj.)有文化的?
7. (n.)习俗;习惯?
8. (adj.)传统的?
9. (n.)战争?
10. (n.)枪,炮?
11. (n.)和平?
→ (adj.)和平的?
* 处于和平状态的?
social
society
ancient
modern
history
spread
spread
spread
culture
cultural
custom
traditional
war
gun
peace
peaceful
in peace
历史与文化 12. (n.)胜利?
13. (v.)打败?
14. (n.)成功?
→ (v.)成功?
→ (adj.)成功的?
15. (v.)失败;不及格;衰退?
→ (n.)失败?
16. (v.)达到;取得?
→ (n.)成就;完成? 17. (n.)行动?
* 采取行动?
18. (n.)军队?
19. (n.)士兵;军人?
20. (n.)背景?
21. (n.)责任,职责?
22. (n.)权利?
23. (n.)情况,形势?
24. (n.)精神?
victory
beat
success
succeed
successful
fail
failure
achieve
action
take action
army
soldier
background
responsibility
right
situation
spirit
achievement
历史与文化 25. (n.&adj.)标准,水平;
标准的?
26. (n.)事实;真相;真理;
真实? 27. (n.)国王?
28. (n.)皇后,女王?
standard
truth
king
queen
核心词汇专练
主题语篇阅读
Ⅰ.用括号中单词的适当形式填空。
1. There are many different ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (country) in the world. ?
2. More and more students want to be volunteers, so we should organize as many ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (society) events as possible. ?
3. People living in the war time are longing for a ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (peace) life. ?
4. Different cultures have different ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (custom), so do as the Romans do.?
5. There are three ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (America) in our class and they are very friendly.?
countries
social
peaceful
customs
Americans
核心词汇专练
6. The news that he was admitted by a famous university ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
(spread) over the village.?
7. In New Zealand, the Maori people maintain a strong ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
(culture) tradition.?
8. We must take ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (act) to prevent people from polluting the environment.?
主题语篇阅读
spread
cultural
action
核心词汇专练
Ⅱ.根据首字母提示填写单词。
1. Confucius(孔子) is considered the greatest of the a ?
Chinese sages(圣人). ?
2. The news s ? quickly and soon got around. ?
3. Some of the t ? food in China tastes very delicious. ?
4. He failed many times, but I believe his hard work will make him
s ? sooner or later.?
5. We won! Let's have a party to celebrate the v ?.?
6. Children are still too young to tell the differences between
r ? and wrong.?
主题语篇阅读
ncient
pread
raditional
uccessful
ictory
ight
核心词汇专练
7. India is an ancient country with a long h ? and civilization.?
8. He can speak not only English but also F ?.?
主题语篇阅读
istory
rench
核心词汇专练
Ⅲ.根据上下文提示填写单词。
1. He shot the bird down with his ?.?
2. I felt my heart ?faster when speaking in public.?
3. I want to be a ?to protect our motherland.?
4. I must tell you the ?about this matter.?
5. It's our ?to look after our parents when they are old.
6. I love the ?and quietness of country life.?
7. In old times, the ?of a country had the power to make a life and death decision.?
8. You can ?your goal as long as you put your heart into it and make an effort for a long time.?
主题语篇阅读
gun
beat
soldier
truth
responsibility
peace
king
achieve
核心词汇专练
主题语篇阅读
【主题语篇阅读】内容见Word版资源：
第01篇 话题17 历史与社会(国家与民族、
历史、文化、名家名作等)
话题17 历史与社会(国家与民族、历史、文化、
名家名作等)
主题语篇阅读
Ⅰ.[2018·昌平二模] 完形填空
People Just Like Us
I was not interested in the school project on ancient cultures at all, especially things about Egypt (埃及), but Grace, my research partner, insisted the ancient Egyptians were interesting, and said I would 1 my mind for sure.?
“Learning about these ancient people is so boring,” I said.
“It’s not! Don’t be sure until you’ve learned about them,” said Grace.
I had to say Grace had a 2 . So the next Saturday, I found myself at the Museum of Natural History, which had a big show on ancient Egypt.?
“So ancient Egyptians were pretty undeveloped, right?” I asked Grace as we waited in line for our tickets. “I mean, they didn’t have much 3 , did they? Well, except for the pyramids (金字塔)—didn’t the Egyptian kings live in the pyramids?”?
Grace just kept silent and pushed me forward.
The show set me straight about the pyramids. I learned that they were tombs (墓) of the ancient kings, not their 4 . I also found out the great pyramid at Giza was huge, standing 500 feet tall when it was first built!?
As I walked farther, I was 5 to find a show on ancient sports. I saw paintings showing people playing a game with a ball. Just for a moment, I could 6 ancient Egyptian kids beside the Nile River hitting around a ball, just as I do with my friends. And the next show was all about how the ancient Egyptians treasured their children. A child was considered a great gift to the family.?
“So what do you think of these 7 ancient people now?” Grace asked.?
“You were right,” I said. “Ancient Egyptians are much more interesting than I 8 . In fact, I know just what title to give our project. We’ll call it ‘People Just Like Us’!”?
( )1.A.keep B.change C.lose D.follow
( )2.A.word B.plan C.point D.way
( )3.A.technology B.difference C.confidence D.information
( )4.A.fields B.grounds C.schools D.homes
( )5.A.tired B.careful C.surprised D.nervous
( )6.A.explain B.picture C.show D.enjoy
( )7.A.boring B.impatient C.funny D.exciting
( )8.A.searched B.studied C.experienced D.expected
Ⅱ.[2019·海淀一模] 阅读理解
For years, the word “popular” has been demonized (妖魔化) and made the same as mini-skirt-wearing, hair-coloring cheerleader types like Regina George in Mean Girls. Today, teachers and parents inform children that being popular is irrelevant (不相干的), unnecessary and a sure shortcut to upset, misery, and death. And some people describe popular students as the ones most likely to burn out and end up as nobody, while their less well-liked counterparts enjoy a life of wealth and fame.
However, the Oxford English Dictionary defines (定义) popularity as: “The state or condition of being liked, admired, or supported by many people.” This sounds like a lovely thing, and is not related to such behaviors as “burn books” or “three-way phone calls” in Mean Girls.
In fact, it is a truth widely acknowledged that young people who feel liked or supported are more likely to obtain impressive achievements than those who feel lonely, unvalued, and irrelevant socially. So why, then, is popularity given such a bad name? Why is this state of well-likedness so demonized?
Basically, the hatred (恨) shown toward what appears to be a very pleasant thing is caused by lack of understanding. When we, as viewers, see characters such as Regina Georges on TV and in films, we recognize them to be popular. These characters, if not exactly liked, are greatly admired by their peers (同伴). Our mistake comes when we try to understand their cruel and unkind actions using the deduction (推论) method. Humans are imperfect, and even the most intelligent mind is open to dishonesty through a very small slip in logic. Unfortunately, this occurs here with branding results.
We first learn that a character is popular. Since this is important to the plot, it is constantly emphasized, leading it to be the most common thing in our minds when we consider the character. Later, we see that character do something unkind. The character’s most noticeable characteristic (in our minds) is his/her popularity. And now the character is mean and unkind. This character is popular. Therefore, we jump to a quick conclusion (结论) that popular people are mean and unkind.
Things such as improper behaviors and rumor-spreading are terrible and should always be seen in a very serious light. However, it is important to recognize that these are not the behaviors of popular people, but bullies.
So, in summary, do not be afraid to be popular and have many friends. If you are kind to everyone and treat others with respect, there will be few who can criticize you, for being widely liked is not a curse but a blessing. Just remember that being popular does give you a degree of power, and with great power comes a large electricity bill!
9.The writer mentions the definition of popularity in Paragraph 2 to . ( )?
A.bring up his opinion B.give an example
C.come to a conclusion D.offer his suggestion
10.What can we learn from the passage? ( )
A.Being popular might offer a shortcut to a life of wealth.
B.Students who feel supported have a better chance to achieve more.
C.Popular students are usually famous but mean and unkind.
D.The less well-liked people consider being popular as something bad.
11.Paragraphs 4 and 5 are mainly about . ( )?
A.the importance of being admired by peers
B.the ways to clear up some misunderstanding
C.the advantages and disadvantages of being popular
D.the reasons why people show hatred to being popular
12.The writer probably agrees that . ( )?
A.cheerleader types will surely end up as nobody
B.being popular is unnecessary for most students
C.treating others with kindness is beneficial to popular people
D.famous people are likely to make mistakes and be criticized
Ⅲ.[2019·房山一模] 回答问题
Cowboy hats are famous for their high crowns and wide brims. Cowboys like wearing the hat very much. Why do cowboys wear hats? Here’s a brief history of the cowboy hat which should answer your question!
John Stetson, a young hat maker from New Jersey, created the cowboy hat. Stetson happened to be on a trip, hunting for beavers (海狸). On this trip he used the beaver fur to make a hat. On the way he came across a cowboy who admired the hat and paid Stetson $5 for it. Ever since then, cowboys have been wearing “Stetsons” and similarly designed hats.
Why did cowboys like the Stetson hat so much? Maybe for the following reasons.
To protect against the weather. The wide brim of the hat keeps the sunlight out of the eyes. It also helps to protect the face and neck from sunburn. The tall crown of the hat provides a pocket of air as insulation (隔离) to help keep heat in winter. The animal-fur felt hats are the most waterproof. It acts like an umbrella keeping the rain, and snow out of the face.
Cowboys sleeping out in the open air could sometimes use their hats to shut out any light if they happened to be catching some shut eye during the day. They could even make a pillow out of their hat when sleeping out on the ground at night.
Sometimes, cowboy hats were used as water buckets (桶) to feed horses if they were weaved (编织) tightly enough!
Many people in the West wear cowboy hats today because it can look pretty! For some this is yet another benefit to wearing the hat, but for others this is the only reason for wearing it. And why not? Just as you don’t have to be a baseball player to wear a baseball cap, you don’t need to be a cowboy to enjoy wearing a cowboy hat.
13.Who created the cowboy hat?
?
14.How much did the cowboy pay Stetson for the hat?
?
15.What could cowboys do when sleeping out on the ground at night?
?
16.Why do many people in the West wear cowboy hats today?
?
17.What’s the passage mainly about?
?
【参考答案】
Ⅰ.1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B
7.A 8.D
Ⅱ.[主旨大意]本文是一篇议论文。一些家长和老师认为受欢迎会导致烦恼及痛苦,但作者并不这么认为。作者认为受欢迎的人更可能获得令人印象深刻的成就,所以不要害怕受欢迎,受欢迎是一种祝福。
9.A 目的意图题。根据上文“And some people describe popular students…”及下文“In fact, it is a truth widely acknowledged that young people who feel…”可推知,一些人认为受欢迎会导致烦恼及痛苦,但是牛津词典给出“受欢迎”的定义,随后提出观点:受欢迎的人更有可能获得令人印象深刻的成就。故选A。
10.B 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“In fact, it is a truth widely acknowledged that young people who feel liked or supported are more likely to obtain impressive achievements than those who feel lonely, unvalued, and irrelevant socially.”可知,与那些感到孤独、不受重视、与社会无关的人相比,那些感到受欢迎或受支持的年轻人更有可能获得令人印象深刻的成就。即感觉得到支持的学生有更好的机会获得更多。故选B。
11.D 主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句“Basically, the hatred shown toward what appears to be a very pleasant thing is caused by lack of understanding.”及第五段最后一句“Therefore, we jump to a quick conclusion that popular people are mean and unkind.”可推知,第四、五段主要解释人们憎恨受欢迎的原因。故选D。
12.C 观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句“If you are kind to everyone and treat others with respect, there will be few who can criticize you, for being widely liked is not a curse but a blessing.”可知,如果你善待每一个人,很少有人能批评你,受欢迎会变成祝福。即善待他人有益于大众。故选C。
Ⅲ.13.John Stetson.
14.$5.
15.They could make a pillow out of their hat.
16.Because it can look pretty.
17.The history of the cowboy hats and why the cowboys wear them.
