(共18张PPT)
语法专题（十）
非谓语动词
第五篇 语法突破
考点一 动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形;否定形式为：not to+动词原形。
2. 动词不定式的用法
功能 用法 例句
作主语 常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后置。常用句型:It is+adj.+(of/for sb.) to do sth.;
It takes sb.+时间段+to do sth. To swim here alone is very
dangerous.=It's very dangerous
to swim here alone.
独自在这儿游泳很危险。
作表语 常位于be动词后 My job today is to clean the room.
我今天的工作是打扫房间。
功能 用法 例句
作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 I decided to go on a trip to Dali.
我决定去大理旅游。
作宾语
补足语 在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词hear, see, watch等后面,省略to Miss Li made us do Exercise One.
李老师让我们做练习一。
作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语 Do you have anything to do?
你有要做的事吗?
功能 用法 例句
作状语 一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 I get up early every morning to
catch the early bus.
我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班车。
与疑问词构成不定式短语 “疑问词what, how, who, which, when…+to do” 在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等 She really didn't know what to
do next.
她真的不知道下一步该怎么办。
3. 动词不定式考点归纳
(1) 后跟不定式作宾语或宾补的动词(短语)：
afford, begin/start, choose, decide, try, hope/wish, expect, agree, promise, happen, refuse, learn, seem, volunteer, fail, (would)like/love, want, ask, tell, allow, warn, encourage, force, invite, teach, advise, try one's best等
(2)在使役动词和一些感官动词后用不定式作宾补,这时要省略to。这些词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(observe, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时,to要还原。
(3)在“Why not+动词原形?”“had better (not)+动词原形”“Let's+动词原形”这三个结构中,动词不定式要省略to。
Why not go out for a walk? 为什么不出去散步呢?
You'd better go by bus. 你最好乘公共汽车去。
【巧学妙记】
后跟to do作宾语的动词(短语)：
①想要,拒绝,忘记(want/would like, refuse, forget)
②需要,努力,学习(need, try, learn)
③喜欢,同意,帮助(like, agree, help)
④希望,决定,开始(hope/wish, decide, begin/start)
4. 既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式的动词
(1)既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式作宾语,且意义差别不大的动词有：like, love, hate, begin, start等。
Do you like playing/to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗?
(2)既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大的动词(短语)有：
He stopped watching TV and began to read English.
他停止看电视,开始读英语。
He watched TV for an hour. At 8:00 he stopped to do his homework.
他看了一个小时的电视。八点钟他停下(看电视)去做作业。
(3)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词或名词后,构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式(真正的宾语)”结构。
I found it difficult to solve the problem.
我发现解决这个问题很难。
考点二 动名词
1. 动名词的构成：动词原形+-ing,与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质又有名词的性质。
2. 动名词的用法
功能 用法 例句
作主语 单个动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 Playing computer games too
much is bad for your eyes.
玩太多电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。
功能 用法 例句
作宾语 动名词作宾语表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性动作 My sister likes dancing very much.
我妹妹非常喜欢跳舞。
动名词作介词的宾语 I'm looking forward to going home. 我期待回家。
作表语 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化为作主语 Your task is cleaning the windows.
你的任务是擦窗户。
作定语 位于所修饰词之前,只表明所修饰词的用途等 My mother bought a washing
machine last Sunday.
我妈妈上周日买了一台洗衣机。
3. 后接动名词作宾语的词及短语
(1)常接动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, avoid, prefer, need/require/want等
(2)常接动名词作宾语的短语有：be busy, feel like, give up, can't help, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can't stop, keep/stop…from, look forward to, put off, have fun, have difficulty/problem/trouble (in) 等
【巧学妙记】
后接动名词作宾语的词(短语):
①完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)
②继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up)
③考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like)
④喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)
考点三 分词
1. 构成
(1)现在分词:v.-ing形式,表示动作正在发生,表主动意义。
(2)过去分词:v.-ed,表示动作已经完成,含有被动意义。
2. 用法
功能 用法 例句
作定语 ①单个分词作定语常位于所修饰的词前②分词短语作定语常位于所修饰的词后 The soldier rushed into the burning
house. 那个士兵冲进了着火的房子。
Do you know the boy called Yang
Lin? 你认识那个叫杨林的男孩吗?
功能 用法 例句
作状语 现在分词作伴随状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语 Laughing and talking, they went
into the room.
他们有说有笑地走进了房间。
作表语 ①现在分词表示主语的性质、特征等
②过去分词表示某种状态 The book is very interesting. I'm
interested in it.
这本书很有趣。我对它感兴趣。
功能 用法 例句
作宾语
补足语 分词作宾语补足语时,常用于感官动词和使役动词后
①宾语与宾补之间为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词
②宾语与宾补之间为被动关系或表示动作已经完成用过去分词 I heard a girl singing in the next
room.
我听见有个女孩正在隔壁房间唱歌。
How beautiful! I want to have some
photos taken.
太美了!我想拍几张照片。
语法综合演练
【语法综合演练】内容见Word版资源：
第05篇 语法专题10 非谓语动词
语法专题（十） 非谓语动词
1.[2019·苏州]—Please stay with me this weekend.
—I’m sorry, but my father and I planned Beijing a long time ago.?
A.visit B.to visit
C.visiting D.visited
2.[2019·百色]The teachers often tell us in the river. It’s dangerous.?
A.not swim B.don’t swim
C.not swimming D.not to swim
3.[2019·贵港]—I have trouble the new word. Can you help me??
—Sure. You can look it up in the dictionary.
A.understanding B.to understand
C.understand D.understood
4.[2019·天水]I saw her flowers in the garden when I passed by.?
A.to water B.water
C.watering D.watered
5.[2019·咸宁]—Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network?
—Right. 5G will allow us English movies faster than ever.?
A.download B.downloads
C.to download D.downloading
6.[2019·重庆B]Miss Chen, my dear English teacher, often encourages me the challenges in my study. ?
A.face B.faces
C.facing D.to face
7.[2019·眉山]I like the TV program The Reader best. I think we should spend as much time as we can in our spare time.?
A.read B.to read
C.reading D.reads
8.[2019·孝感]—In my opinion, animals shouldn’t be kept for fun.
—I think so. Forests are the best places for animals .?
A.live B.living
C.to live D.to live in
9.[2019·盐城]Mr. Wu keeps his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.?
A.to tell B.telling
C.to order D.ordering
10.[2019·安顺]—What a heavy rain!
—So it is. I prefer rather than on such a rainy day.?
A.to go out; staying at home
B.staying at home; go out
C.going out; stay at home
D.to stay at home; go out
11.[2019·铜仁]—Look! There is a man Taiji near the river. ?
—Wow! It’s my teacher, Mr. Wu.
A.perform B.performs
C.performing D.performed
12.[2019·大庆]—Would you like a film with us tonight??
—Sorry, I have to help my mother do housework.
A.see B.to see
C.seeing D.to seeing
13.[2019·昆明]Yunnan Museum is such an interesting place that many kids have fun it. ?
A.visiting B.to visit
C.reading D.to read
14.[2019·包头]—Why were you angry with your daughter?
—She was busy and taking selfies(自拍) when I was talking to her.?
A.texting B.to text
C.text D.texted
15.[2019·湘西改编]—How do you practice your spoken English, Andrew?
—By English with my classmates.?
A.to speak B.speaking
C.speak D.spoke
16.[2019·安顺]—What time do you get up in the morning on school days?
—I get up at 7:00 every morning to avoid the early bus.?
A.miss B.missed
C.missing D.to miss
17.[2019·盘锦]—My best friend went abroad. I miss her and feel down today.
—Don’t be sad. Here is good news for you .?
A.cheer up B.cheering up
C.cheered up D.to cheer up
18.[2019·吉林改编]Michael visits many websites about Chinese culture.?
A.learn B.learned
C.to learn D.learning
19.[2019·葫芦岛]Fred hopes his spoken English, so he practices it every day.?
A.improve B.improves
C.improving D.to improve
20.[2019·大庆]You’d better hard from now on, you will fail in the exam.?
A.work; or B.working; or
C.working; and D.work; and
【参考答案】
1.B 2.D
3.A 考查非谓语动词。句意:“我在理解这个新单词方面有困难。你能帮助我吗?”“当然可以。你可以在词典里查找它。”have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“在做某事方面有困难”。故选A。
4.C 考查非谓语动词。句意:我路过时看见她在花园里浇花。分析句子结构可知,主句已有谓语动词,此处需非谓语动词,see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事。故选C。
5.C 6.D 7.C
8.D 考查非谓语动词。句意:“在我看来,不应该养动物玩。”“我认为是这样。森林是动物生活的最好地方。”这里是动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词places。故选D。
9.B 10.D
11.C 考查非谓语动词。There be+名词+v.-ing形式+介词短语.表示“某地有某人正在做某事”。故选C。
12.B
13.A 考查非谓语动词。have fun doing sth.表示“做某事很开心”,故排除选项B和D;根据主语Yunnan Museum可知,要和动词visit搭配,可排除选项C。故选A。
14.A 15.B
16.C 考查非谓语动词。句意:“在上学日的早上你什么时间起床?”“我每天早上7点钟起床以避免错过早班车。”avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。故选C。
17.D
18.C 考查非谓语动词(动词不定式的用法)。此处不定式在句中作目的状语。故选C。
19.D
20.A 考查非谓语动词和连词的用法。句意:你最好从现在开始努力学习, 你将会考试不及格。had better最好,后跟动词原形,可排除B、C项;前半句“最好努力学习”与后半句“will fail in the exam”构成转折关系,故应用or(否则)。故选A。?
