(共27张PPT)
语法专题(十一)
简单句
第五篇 语法突破
考点一 陈述句
1. 陈述句的五种基本句型
结构 例句
主语+系动词+表语 My name is Tom. 我叫汤姆。
He looks good.他看上去气色不错。
主语+不及物动词 It is raining. 正在下雨。
主语+及物动词+宾语 He watched TV yesterday. 他昨天看电视了。
主语+及物动词+间接宾语
+直接宾语 He gave her a lovely doll.
他送给她一个可爱的洋娃娃。
主语+及物动词+宾语
+宾语补足语 He made the computer work again.
他让计算机重新运行起来了。
2. 陈述句的否定形式
(1)主语+be动词+not+其他.
(2)主语+情态动词/助动词+not+动词原形+其他.
I didn't get up at six o'clock this morning. 今天早上六点我没有起床。
(3)可以用no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nobody, neither…nor…, none, nothing等词构成否定句。
I hardly believe his story. 我几乎不相信他的故事。
(4)在宾语从句中,若主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时,主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时,从句的否定词要转移到主句。
(5)“too…to…”句型本身具有否定的含义。
She is too young to go to school. 她年龄太小,还不能去上学。
考点二 疑问句
疑问句是用来提出问题的,按所提出的问题的不同,可分为以下4种:
1. 一般疑问句
句型 例句
Be+主语+其他? —Are you a student?你是一名学生吗?
—Yes, I am. 是的,我是。
助动词+主语+动词原形+其他? —Do you like dancing?你喜欢跳舞吗?
—No, I don't. 不,我不喜欢。
情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? —Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗?
—Yes, I can. 是的,我会。
答语:肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no。
结
构 疑问词+动词+其他? Who stole my car?
谁偷了我的车?
疑问词+be+主语(+其他)? What is your father?
你爸爸是干什么的?
疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+
其他? How do you go to school?
你怎么去上学?
疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形
+其他? What can I do for you?
我能为你做什么?
2. 特殊疑问句
疑
问
词 疑问代词 what, who, which, whose, whom
疑问副词 when, where, why, how
疑问词组 how long, how often, how soon,
how far, how old…
3. 选择疑问句
提出两种或两种以上的选项, 要求对方选择其一的问句称为选择疑问句。选项之间用or连接,回答不用yes或者no, 而需要用具体的选择来作答。选择疑问句可以分为以下两种:
种类 结构 例句
一般选择
疑问句 一般疑问句+or+另一选项? —Are you from Shanghai or Suzhou?
你来自上海还是苏州?
—I am from Suzhou.
我来自苏州。
种类 结构 例句
特殊选择
疑问句 特殊疑问句, A or B? —Which color do you like better, red
or blue?
你更喜欢哪一种颜色?红色还是蓝色?
—Blue. 蓝色。/Neither. I like orange
best.都不喜欢。我最喜欢橘色。
4. 反意疑问句
(1)常用结构
前肯后否 前否后肯
主语+be+其他,be的否定形式+主语?
She is lazy, isn't she?
她懒,不是吗? 主语+be not+其他,be的肯定形式+主语?
He isn't tall, is he?
他不高,是吗?
主语+动词+其他,助动词的否定形式
+主语?
They like playing basket-ball, don't
they?他们喜欢打篮球,不是吗? 主语+助动词+not+动词原形+其他,助动
词的肯定形式+主语?
He didn't go to America, did he? 他没
去美国,是吗?
前肯后否 前否后肯
主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他,情态
动词的否定形式+主语?
We should get up early, shouldn't
we?我们应该早起,不是吗? 主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他,情
态动词的肯定形式+主语?
You can't play the piano, can you?
你不会弹钢琴,是吗?
(2)特殊形式
①当陈述句中含有表示否定意义的代词或形容词,如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,或含有表示否定意义的副词never, hardly, seldom等时,附加疑问句只能用肯定形式。
Linda has never been to Beijing, has she? 琳达从没去过北京,是吗?
②当陈述句中有含有否定前缀或后缀(如un-,dis-,-less等)的单词时,附加疑问句要用否定形式。
He looks unhappy, doesn't he?他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
③祈使句的反意疑问句有两种形式:以let's开头的,附加疑问句用shall we; 其他形式的祈使句的附加疑问句用will you/won't you。
Open the window, will you/won't you? 打开窗户,好吗?
④陈述部分是there be句型时,附加疑问句应用“be there”。
There is a wallet in your car, isn't there? 有一个钱包在你的车里,不是吗?
⑤陈述部分的主语是this, that时,附加疑问句的主语应用it;陈述部分的主语是these, those时,附加疑问句的主语应用they。
This is a fantastic film, isn't it? 这是一部很棒的电影,不是吗?
⑥主从复合句的反意疑问句
陈述部分是“I/We think (believe, suppose, consider)+that从句”(主语是第一人称)或者是“I'm sure that/I'm afraid that/I hope that/It seems that”时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语应和从句的主语和谓语一致,但需注意否定前移的现象。如果陈述部分的主语是其他人称,附加疑问句的主语和主句的主语保持一致。
I don't think he is right, is he? 我认为他是不对的,是吗?
She doesn't know if Jim is a good student, does she? 她不知道吉姆是否是一名好学生,是吗?
考点三 祈使句
Have a good holiday! (祝你)假日愉快!
Be careful when you use the knife. 当你用刀子时要当心。
Let's have a rest. 让我们休息一下吧。
You'd better not play football on the street. 你最好不要在街上踢足球。
No parking! 禁止停车!
考点四 感叹句
What an interesting story it is!
它是一个多么有趣的故事!
What interesting books you bought us!
你给我们买的书真有趣!
What fine weather it is! 多么晴朗的天气呀!
How beautiful the flowers are! 这些花是多么美丽呀!
How fast he can run! 他跑得真快!
How time flies! 时光飞逝!
考点五 倒装句
1. So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语.
与前句中的主语不是同一人;表示前句所陈述的肯定事实也适用于后者。
—Tom watched TV last night. 汤姆昨晚看电视了。
—So did Ann.安也看了。
2. Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语.
与前句中的主语不是同一人;表示前句所陈述的否定事实也适用于后者。
—Mary didn't watch TV last night.
玛丽昨晚没有看电视。
—Neither/Nor did Jim.吉姆也没看。
3. So+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词.
与前句中的主语是同一人,意为“的确如此”,起强调作用。
—Li Lei is a brave boy.
李磊是个勇敢的孩子。
—So he is. 他的确如此。
4. Here/There+谓语动词+名词主语.
There comes the bus.公交车来了。
5. Here/There+代词主语+谓语动词.
Here you are.给你。
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
1. [2019·大兴一模]— do you often go on Sundays??
—We often go to the cinema.
A. When B. Who C. Where D. Why
2. [2019·东城一模]— is it from here to the shopping center??
—It's about ten minutes' walk.
A. How far B. How long C. How much D. How soon
3. [2019·延庆一模]— won the curling gold medal at the 12th Winter Olympics??
—Chen Jianxin. He's from Yanqing.
A. Who B. What C. Where D. When
C
A
A
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
4. [2019·怀柔一模]— do you walk to school instead of taking a bus??
—Because I want to get more exercise.
A. When B. Why C. Who D. What
5. [2019·通州一模]— balls are there on the floor??
—There are fifty.
A. How long B. How much C. How many D. How far
6. [2019·石景山一模]— do you play tennis??
—Once a week.
A. How soon B. How often C. How much D. How many
B
C
B
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
7. [2019·丰台一模]— will it take to drive to Tianjin??
—For about 2 hours.
A. How long B. How far C. How old D. How often
8. [2019·房山一模]— did you do yesterday, Mary??
—I went to the park to fly kites with my parents.
A. When B. How C. What D. Why
9. [2019·西城二模]— can I better myself??
—By working hard and thinking more.
A. What B. Where C. When D. How
A
C
D
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
10. [2019·顺义一模]— is Mom, Jack??
—I'm not sure. Maybe in the garden.
A. Where B. How C. What D. Which
11. [2019·丰台二模]— schoolbag is this??
—I think it's Jill's.
A. Who B. What C. Whose D. Which
12. [2019·海淀期末]— are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time??
—We're supposed to shake hands.
A. Who B. Why C. Whose D. What
A
C
D
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
13. [2019·顺义二模]— do you see a film, Mary? ?
—Once a week.
A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How far
14. [2019·门头沟一模]— is the man over there, Tom??
—Lily's father, I think.
A. Who B. How C. Whose D. Where
15. [2019·朝阳一模]— have you worked in this factory??
—For about 5 years.
A. How often B. How much C. How long D. How many
B
A
C
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
16. [2019·石景山二模]— do you often do exercise??
—I want to keep fit.
A. How B. Where C. When D. Why
17. [2019·西城一模]— is it from our school to the nearest bookstore??
—About two kilometers.
A. How much B. How often C. How far D. How soon
18. [2019·海淀二模]— do you usually go to school, Kate??
—On foot.
A. When B. Where C. How D. Why
D
C
C
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
19. [2019·房山期末]— are all these together? ?
—425 yuan.
A. How much B. How many C. How long D. How often
20. [2019·房山二模]— does it take you to do your homework every day??
—About two hours.
A. How many B. How often C. How long D. How much
A
C
对接中考专练
语法综合演练
【语法综合演练】内容见Word版资源:
第05篇 语法专题11 简单句
语法专题(十一) 简单句
1.[2019·宿迁]— do you sleep every day, Eric??
—For about eight hours.
A.How much B.How fast
C.How often D.How long
2.[2019·宜昌]— do you exercise, Tony??
—Three times a week.
A.How often B.How soon
C.How long D.How much
3.[2019·兰州]— is it from Lanzhou to Lhasa??
—It’s about 2,160 kilometers.
A.How often B.How far
C.How long D.How many
4.[2019·云南]— sport will you take part in, Peter? ?
—The boys’ 800-meter race.
A.Where B.When C.Which D.How
5.[2019·龙东]— do you go to see your grandparents, Frank??
—Once a week.
A.How soon B.How often
C.How long D.How far
6.[2019·镇江]— can you get to the airport??
—In about 30 minutes. I’m on the way.
A.How soon B.How long
C.How much D.How often
7.[2019·黔南州、黔东南州、黔西南州]— is it from your school to the bus stop??
—It’s about 5 minutes’ walk.
A.How often B.How long
C.How soon D.How far
8.[2019·南通]— did you celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival this year, Tom??
—By making rice dumplings with my Chinese friends.
A.Where B.When
C.How D.Why
9.[2019·盘锦]— do you help your mother do housework??
—Every day. I think it’s our duty to do it.
A.How often B.How far
C.How soon D.How much
10.[2019·宿迁]— wonderful the music is! What’s its name??
—Victory.
A.How B.How a
C.What D.What a
11.[2019·玉林]—Wow! clean air we have today!?
—Yes. Look! A lot of adults are doing kung fu over there.
A.How B.What a
C.How a D.What
12.[2019·龙东改编] exciting the speech about “the Belt and Road”(一带一路) was!?
A.How B.What
C.What a D.What an
13.[2019·凉山州] nice weather it is! Let’s go for a picnic, Frank. ?
A.What B.What a
C.How D.How a
14.[2019·随州]—All of my classmates have passed the PE test.
— exciting the news is.?
A.What B.What an
C.How D.How an
15.[2019·海南改编]— hard-working boy Zhou Bin is!?
—Yes. I’m sure he’ll pass the test.
A.What an B.What
C.How D.What a
16.[2019·哈尔滨改编]—Lucy, look at the stars in the sky.
— !?
A.What bright it is B.How bright they are
C.What bright they are D.How bright it is
17.[2019·桂林改编] more books, and you will improve your reading skills.?
A.Reading B.Read
C.Reads D.To read
18.[2019·青海改编] on the grass. It’s a rule of the park.?
A.Step B.Stepping
C.To step D.Don’t step
19.[2019·眉山] noise pollution, and we can live in a quiet environment.?
A.Prevent B.Preventing
C.Prevented D.To prevent
20.[2019·呼和浩特] me an email before you come to Hohhot, and I’ll meet you at the train station.?
A.Send B.Sending C.To send D.Sent
【参考答案】
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.D
8.C 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.D 19.A
20.A