Unit 1 Friendship
Anne Frank
安妮·弗兰克1929年生于德国的法兰克福。1933年反犹太的希特勒上台后，安妮的父母奥托和伊迪斯察觉到他们一家在德国不会有出路，就举家逃往荷兰，安妮当时才四岁。1940年5月德国占领了荷兰，开始把犹太人驱逐到“工作营”。安妮的父亲就把安妮藏到他工作处的一个附属建筑物里。安妮在那里秘密藏身的两年中一直写日记。1944年，这个秘密的藏身处被发现，安妮被捕，后被送往集中营，1945年3月，安妮被害。安妮的父亲奥托战后遵照爱女的遗愿将《安妮日记》出版，此书很快在全世界广为流传。
Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1929.In 1933 Anne and her family were forced to move to Holland where Hitler had not taken over completely.They weren't allowed to travel, drive；they had to stay indoors after 8：00 p．m., no cinemas, no theaters, no sporting events, no visiting Christians, and staying in their own schools with no mixing.
Anne and her family had to go into hiding to escape from the Nazis.Every day she was faced with the idea that she may be found by the Nazi army or that a bomb would hit her building and she may die.Anne is a strong person and takes this as an adventure.
Anne had a hard time trusting in anybody until she received a diary in which she said, “I hope I will be able to confide (吐露) everything to you, as I have never been able to confide in anyone, and I hope you will be a great source of comfort and support.” Anne named her diary “Kitty”， and “Kitty” became her best friend，her only companion, the one place where she could tell her deepest thoughts.After being in the annex (附属建筑物) for a little over two years, she also learned to trust in Peter Van Daan.Peter Van Daan was a boy of her age that came with his family also hiding from the Nazis.
Even though Anne died in the concentration camp (集中营), her story lives on.Thanks to her confiding in her diary “Kitty”， she was able to tell the world her story.
[阅读障碍词]
1．mix vt.&vi.混合，(使)结交
2．escape v．逃脱，逃离，躲过
3．bomb n．炸弹vt.轰炸
4．adventure n．冒险活动，冒险经历
5．source n．根源，源头
6．support n．&vt.支持，赡养
7．companion n．伙伴
[诱思导读]
阅读短文，判断正误(T/F)
1．Anne and her family moved to Germany to escape from the Nazis. ( )
2．Anne was caught by Nazis finally. ( )
3．Both Kitty and Peter were Anne's friends. ( )
[答案] 1－3 FTT
Section Ⅰ Warming Up，Pre?reading & Reading
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.upset A．v.& adj.(使)平静；平静的
( )2.ignore B．n.窗帘；门帘；幕布
( )3.calm C．adj.&n.德国(人)的；德语的；德语；德
国人
( )4.loose D．adv.完全地；全然地；整个地
( )5.German E．adj.&vt.心烦意乱的；不安的；
使不安；使心烦
( )6.thunder F．vi.&n.打雷；雷鸣；雷(声)
( )7.entirely G．n.伙伴；合作者；合伙人
( )8.power H．vt.不理睬；忽视
( )9.curtain I．adj.松的；松开的
( )10.partner J．n.能力；力量；权力
[答案] 1－5 EHAIC 6－10 FDJBG
Ⅱ.选择下列句中相对应词组的汉语意思
A．为了…… B．故意 C．(使)平静下来
D．合计 E．记下；放下；登记
F．关心；挂念 G．不再…… H．经历；经受
( )1.Write down your scores of all subjects and then add them up.
( )2.At last the wild wind calmed down.
( )3.Parents are all concerned about their children.
( )4.Go through those things that seem impossible，and we may get what we never believed we could.
( )5.I set down new words and added them to my collection.
( )6.She broke the dish on purpose just to show her anger.
( )7.The girl got up early every day in order to take care of her mother.
( )8.He didn't smoke any longer after his wife died.
[答案] 1－5 DCFHE 6－8 BAG
ANNE'S BEST FRIEND
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts①？ Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through②？ Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend③．
安妮最好的朋友
你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，或者会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。
[助读讲解] ①whom 在此引导定语从句，修饰a friend。②what 在此引导宾语从句，what在从句中作going through的宾语。③made her diary her best friend为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，her best friend为宾补。
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands(荷兰) during World War Ⅱ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German(德国的)Nazis.She and her family hid away④ for nearly twenty?five months before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary.She said, “I don't want to set down a series of(一系列) facts in a diary as most people do⑤ ，but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.
安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她与家人在躲藏了将近25个月之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一忠实的朋友就是她的日记了。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把这个朋友称作基蒂。”现在，来看看安妮自从1942年7月在藏身处的心情吧。
[助读讲解] ④hide away 躲藏，藏起来。hide (hid，hidden) vt.&vi. 隐藏
⑤as在此引导方式状语从句，意为“正如”。
Thursday 15th June, 1944
Dear Kitty，
I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors(在户外)for so long that⑥ I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature⑦.I can well remember that there was a time when⑧ a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.That's changed since I came here.
1944年6月15日 星期四
亲爱的基蒂：
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我非常清楚地记得，曾经有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我如此痴迷过。 自从我来到这里，一切都变了。
[助读讲解] ⑥it's...that...为强调句型，此处强调了because引导的原因状语从句。⑦grow crazy about 对……变得热衷，对……变得狂热。⑧there was a time when...意为“曾经有一段时间……”。when 在此引导定语从句，修饰a time。
...For example, one evening when it was so warm⑨， I stayed awake on purpose(故意) until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.But as the moon gave far too much light⑩， I didn't dare open a window.Another time five months ago, I happened to be? upstairs at dusk(黄昏) when the window was open.I didn't go downstairs until the window had to be shut.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering(雷) clouds held me entirely(完全的) in their power(力量); it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face(面对面的)．...
……比如，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗子。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一天傍晚，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我全然被这种力量镇住了，这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
[助读讲解] ⑨when it was so warm 为定语从句，修饰one evening。⑩as 引导原因状语从句，as 意为“因为”。?happen to do...“碰巧……”。
...Sadly...I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains(窗帘) hanging before very dusty(积满灰尘的) windows?．It's no pleasure looking through these any longer? because nature is one thing that really must be experienced?．
Yours，
Anne
……可悲的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前。观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
你的，
安妮
[助读讲解] ?现在分词短语hanging...作后置定语，修饰curtains。?It's no pleasure doing sth.“做某事是没有乐趣的”。It作形式主语，looking...为真正主语。?that 在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词one thing。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
Ⅰ.速读P2课文内容，选择最佳答案
The text mainly tells us ．
A．the importance of keeping a diary
B．how to make friends with others
C．what Anne liked to do in her free time
D．why Anne chose her diary as her friend
[答案] D
Ⅱ.速读P2课文内容第一、二段，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1 A．Anne's family was Jewish so they
had to hide or they would be caught by the
German Nazis.
2．Para.2 B．Anne made her diary her best friend.
[答案] 1－2 BA
Ⅲ.速读Anne的日记，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1 A．One evening，Anne stayed awake until half past
eleven in order to have a good look at the moon.
2．Para.2 B．Anne was only able to look at nature through
dusty windows.
3．Para.3 C．Anne hadn't been outdoors for so long that she
had grown crazy about everything to do with nature.
[答案] 1－3 CAB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P2课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．According to the passage，we know Anne wanted ．
A．a friend who could help her when she was in trouble
B．a friend who could share her feelings and thoughts
C．a friend who could laugh at her
D．a friend who could play together
2．Anne and her family had been in the hiding place for when she wrote this part of her diary.
A．about one year B．about two years
C．about three years D．half a year
3．How did Anne feel about nature before she and her family hid away?
A．She liked it very much.
B．She appreciated it.
C．She ignored it.
D．She forgot it.
4．Anne's feelings changed because ．
A．she was very disappointed
B．she was calm
C．she wasn't interested in nature
D．she was no longer able to go out as she pleased
5．Anne no longer just liked looking at nature out of windows because ．
A．she found the curtains dirty
B．she was badly ill
C．she wanted to live a normal life again
D．she was discovered by Nazis
[答案] 1－5 BBCDC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P2课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Anne 1.lived(live)in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be 2.caught(catch) by the Nazis.During that time she wasn't able to go outdoors for so long 3.that she had grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.One evening，she stayed 4.awake(wake)on purpose to have a good look at the moon by herself，but she didn't dare open a window.Another time she happened 5.to be(be) upstairs at dusk when the window was open.The dark，rainy evening，the wind，the thundering clouds held her 6.entirely(entire)in their power.It was the first time in a year and a half that she had seen the night face 7.to face.
Anne felt very lonely without seeing her old friends，so she had to make 8.a new friend，her diary Kitty，whom she could tell everything to.9.Sadly(sad)，at last，her family were discovered and caught by the 10.German(Germany)Nazis.
1
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．He was upset(难过的)，because he had lost his ticket.
2．I wanted to have a word with her，but she ignored(不理睬)me and went away.
3．According to the survey(调查)，four fifths of the boys like playing computer games.
4．He always wears loose(宽松的)clothes to hide his figure.
5．I'll have to take a series(连续)of tests.
6．As far as I am concerned，a good way to stay healthy is to have a balanced diet.
7．He was punished by his teacher because he cheated in the exam.
8．Try to calm the children down.They're too excited.
9．Would you please add up your scores and see if you can pass the exam?
10．He is so gifted that he has the power to solve the problem.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．ignore vt.不理睬；忽视→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的→ignorance n．无知，愚昧
2．power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.有权势的，有影响力的→powerfully adv.强有力地
3．entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整个地
4．concern n．担心；关注 vt.使担忧；涉及；关系到→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的
5．loose adj.松的；松开的→loosen vt.松开
adj.＋?ly→adv. adj.＋?(e)n→v.
near→nearly将近silent→silently沉默地loud→loudly大声地 dark→darken变暗quick→quicken加快sharp→sharpen削弱
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．add up 合计
2．calm(...)down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3．be concerned about 关心；挂念
4．go through 经历；经受
5．set down 记下；放下；登记
6．a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套
7．on purpose 故意
8．in order to 为了……
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．I have set down everything that has happened.
2．Did the German do this on purpose or just by accident?
3．What the poor girl went through in that company made us shocked.
4．Add the scores up，and we'll see who the winner is.
5．It's said that everyone is concerned about the lost boy's safety.
set＋adv.→动词短语 go＋prep.→动词短语
set off出发；动身 go after追逐；追求
set up建立；设立 go against反对；不利于
set back向回拨 go into进入；加入；研究
Ⅴ.经典句式必背
1．While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗时，你不小心把狗松开了，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。
[记句式结构]状语从句的省略
[仿写促落实]Don't listen to music while(you are)doing your homework.
做作业的时候不要听音乐。
2．I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
[记句式结构]It's...that强调句型
[仿写促落实]It was a book that he bought in this shop yesterday.
他昨天在这个店里买的是一本书。
3．I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我非常清楚地记得，曾经有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我如此痴迷过。
[记句式结构]There was a time when曾经……；一度……
[仿写促落实]There was a time when he wanted to leave here.
他曾经一度想离开这里。
4．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...
……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
[记句式结构]it is/was＋the first/second...time that这是某人第一/第二……次做某事
[仿写促落实]This is the first time that I have been to Guilin.
这是我第一次去桂林。
5．It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
[记句式结构]It's no pleasure doing sth.做……没乐趣
[仿写促落实]It's no pleasure arguing with him.
和他争论没意思。
add up合计；相加
(教材P1)Add up your score and see how many points you get.
把你的分数加起来，看你得多少。
add up 合计；相加；合情理
add to 增添；增加
add...to... 把……加到……
add up to 总数为，总计为
①Many small victories add up to a big one.
积小胜为大胜。
②If you add some salt to the dish，it will taste better.
如果你向菜里加些盐，味道会更好。
③Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.
也许你认为拥有更多的钱你可以更容易地增加你的幸福感。
④You haven't added up the figures right.
你没有把这些数字加对。
[语境助记]
The injured in the accident added up to more than 100，and the heavy rain added to the difficulty in rescuing the buried people；therefore，the local government added more policemen to the rescue team.
事故中受伤人员达100多人，大雨又增加了营救被埋群众的困难；因此当地政府把更多的警力投入到救援队伍中。
upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
vt.使不安；使心烦
(教材P1)Your friend comes to school very upset.
你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。
upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的；
vt. 使不安；使心烦；打翻，弄倒
be upset about... 对……感到心烦意乱
It upsets/upset sb.to do sth. 做某事使某人感到不舒服
It upsets/upset sb.that... 让某人感到不高兴的是……
①He failed in the exam，which made him upset．(upset adj.)
＝He failed in the exam，which upset him.(upset vt.)
他没有通过考试，这使他心烦意乱。
②It upset him that nobody had told him about that.
让他不高兴的是，谁也没把那件事告诉他。
③There is no point of being upset about/over it.
犯不着为此事而难过。
[名师点津]
upset作动词时，过去式和过去分词形式皆为upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。
[语境助记]
Jim is doing his homework.The flies' flying around him without a stop upsets him.He is so upset and annoyed that he upsets the cup at the corner of the desk.
吉姆在做家庭作业。苍蝇不停地在他周围飞来飞去，这让他心烦意乱。他烦躁极了，以至于打翻了放在桌角的杯子。
(教材P1)You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.
你会不顾铃声而去某个安静的地方安慰你的朋友。
(1)ignore vt.不理睬；忽视
1)ignore one's advice/mistakes 忽视某人的建议/过错
ignore traffic rules 无视交通规则
2)ignorant adj. 无知的
3)ignorance n. 忽略，忽视
①He ignored my advice so he failed in the game.
他无视我的忠告，因此输掉了比赛。
②She is very ignorant(ignore) of/about her own country.
她对自己的国家很不了解。
③I am embarrassed by my complete ignorance of history.
我对历史一无所知，这让我很难堪。
[语境助记]
He ignored the doctor's advice，so he is in ignorance of his serious illness now；that is to say，he is ignorant that he is in danger.
他不理睬医生的忠告，所以他现在不知道自己的严重病情；也就是说，他不知道自己处于危险之中。
(2)calm vt.& vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定
adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
1)calm down 平静下来；镇静下来
calm sb.down 使某人平静下来
2)stay/remain/keep calm 保持镇静
④We waited inside until things calmed down.
我们待在室内等着，直到一切都恢复了平静。
⑤He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.
他深深吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。
⑥When in the face of danger，you should keep calm．
面对危险时，你要保持冷静。
[明辨异同] calm/quiet/silent/still
calm 风平浪静的；指人时表示镇定自如
quiet “宁静的、安静的、寂静的”，侧重没有响声，没有噪音和没有动静；指人时侧重性格温和、文静
silent “沉默的、不说话的”，常表示人不爱说话，沉默无语
still “不动的”，指人时侧重一动不动；指物时表示完全没有声音，突出静止不动
(calm/quiet/silent/still)
⑦The sea is calm tonight.
⑧Keep quiet, please.The speaker is coming.
⑨He stood there still, except that his lips were slightly moving.
⑩He saw a silent film at the age of five.
[图形助记]
意境巧记“安静”四兄弟
a calm lake a quiet park
silent students a still guard
concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到
n．担心；关注；(利害)关系
(教材P1)You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他(她)，下课后你们会见面再谈。
(1)concern oneself about ... 关心……
concern oneself in ... 介入/卷入……
(2)have no concern with ... 和……无关
show concern for ... 对……表示关心
(3)concerned adj. 关切的；担心的
be concerned about/for 关心……
be concerned with 与……有关，涉及
as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言
①More and more people show great concern for road safety.现在越来越多的人高度关注道路安全问题。
②She is concerned about/for her son's future.
她担忧着她儿子的将来。
③The accident was concerned with the bus driver.
这起事故与公交车司机有关。
④As far as the space technology is concerned(concern)，China ranks third in the world.
就空间技术而言，中国在世界上排第三位。
go through经历；经受；完成；仔细检查；审查；用完；花完；用掉；穿越；(法案等)通过
(教材P2)Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you，or would not understand what you are going through?
或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，或者会不理解你目前的困境呢？
写出下列各句中go through的含义
①Have you gone through your money already？
用完；花光
②He went through many difficulties before he succeeded.
经历，经受
③You must go through your papers before you hand them in.
仔细检查
④The rope is too thick to go through the hole.
穿过
go ahead 前进；请说(做吧)
go over 越过……；温习
go against 背叛；违背；违反
go by 走过(某处)；(时间)过去；流逝
⑤We must go over all the subjects before the exam.
考试前我们必须复习全部科目。
⑥A week went by before he answered the letter.
过了一周后他才回信。
set down 记下；放下；登记
(教材P2)She said，“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do，but I want this diary itself to be my friend，and I shall call my friend Kitty.”
她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂。”
set out to do sth. 出发；开始干某事
set about doing sth. 着手做某事
set off(for...) 动身；引爆(炸弹等)
set up 成立，建立
①The driver set her down at the station.
司机在车站停下车让她下去。
②They want to set up their own business.
他们想创办自己的公司。
③She set about cleaning(clean)her house as soon as she got home.她一到家就开始打扫房子。
④He set out to do(do)his homework the moment he reached home.
他一到家就开始做作业。
in order to为了……；以便……
(教材P2)For example，one evening when it was so warm，I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.
比如，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。
(1)in order to后跟动词原形，在句中作目的状语，可放在句首或句中，相当于so as to，但so as to不能位于句首。
(2)in order to的否定形式是在to前面加not，即in order not to。
(3)in order that相当于so that，用来引导目的状语从句，句中常用情态动词can，may，could等。
①In order to do the work well，he made a plan carefully.
为了把这项工作做好，他精心制定了一个计划。
②He got up early in order not to miss the early bus.
他早起床以免错过早班车。
③She arrived early in order that/so that she could get a good seat.
＝She arrived early in order to/so as to get a good seat.
她早到达目的是得到一个好座位。
power n．能力；力量；权力
(教材P2)The dark，rainy evening，the wind，the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power...
漆黑的夜晚，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我全然被这种力量镇住了……
(1)have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力
come to power＝take power 上台；执政(动作)
be in power 执政；掌权(状态)
beyond/out of one's power 力所不能及的
(2)powerful adj. 强有力的
powerless adj. 无力的
①As is known to us，knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
②He's been in power for eight years.
他当权已有8年了。
③With years' hard practice，he now has the power to finish (finish)the action perfectly.
经过数年的艰苦训练，现在他能完美地完成这个动作。
(教材P1)While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗时，你不小心把狗松开了，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。
【要点提炼】 此句为主从复合句，而主句为并列句；句中While walking the dog是一个省略句，补全后为：While you were walking the dog。
当when，while，before，after，unless，as if，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
①If accepted for the job，you'll be informed soon.
如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知到的。
②While playing (play) with his children outdoors，the father felt very happy.
当和孩子们在户外玩耍时，这位父亲感到非常幸福。
③He won't come unless invited(invite)．
除非受到邀请，他才肯来。
(教材P2)I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
【要点提炼】 此句为主从复合句；其中if引导宾语从句，从句中使用了强调句型it's...that。
强调句型
基本句式 It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who(强调人时)＋其他成分
一般疑问句 Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分(若放于宾语从句位置应使用陈述语序)
①It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
当我们回家的时候，我意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉真好。
②Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
巴赫于1750年去世，但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。
③It was Mary that/who offered us a lot of help.
是玛丽给我们提供了很多帮助。
④Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry?
是不是因为Jack上学迟到，史密斯先生才生气的？
[名师点津]
(1)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则不是。
(2)被强调部分可以是除谓语动词以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，可用who代替that，其他情况一般用that。
(教材P2)．..it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...
……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
【要点提炼】 It was the first time that...这是某人第一次做……
句型结构 从句时态 意义
It was the first (sec? ond...)time that... 过去完成时 这是某人第……次做某事
It is the first (seco?nd...)time that... 现在完成时
①It was the first time that he had got such a good chance.
这是他第一次得到了这样的一个好机会。
②It is the first time that they have visited(visit) this city.
这是他们第一次参观这座城市。
[名师点津]
在此句型中的it不可用this或that来代替。
(教材P2)It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
【要点提炼】 It's no pleasure doing sth.“做某事没有乐趣”。
It is/was＋n.＋doing sth.是一个固定句型，该句型中的名词(词组)常用no use，no good，no pleasure，no fun，a waste of time/money等。
①It's no pleasure working in these conditions.
在这种环境下工作没有乐趣。
②It's no use advising(advise)him to change his mind.
建议他改变主意没用。
③It's no good smoking(smoke)．You'd better give it up.
抽烟没好处，你最好戒烟。
1．(教材P2)I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do，but I want this diary itself to be my friend，and I shall call my friend Kitty.
【分析】 此句为由but及and连接的并列句，其中but表示转折，and表示承接。第一分句中的“as most people do”为方式状语从句；而第三分句中的“call my friend Kitty”为“call＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
【译文】 我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂。
2．(教材P2)I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
【分析】 该句是一个复合句。动词remember的后面是that引导的宾语从句。而在宾语从句中含有when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a time。定语从句中“kept me spellbound”为“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
【译文】 我非常清楚地记得，曾经有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我如此痴迷过。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Those who have gone through terrible earthquakes know the value of life.
2．Please set down the telephone number in case you forget it.
3．As far as I'm concerned(concern)，I can't agree with what you said.
4．She is really upset about the result of the examination.
5．She is ignorant(ignore)about the computer.
6．It was in the house that Jack's birthday party was held.
7．It is the second time that he has seen(see)the film.
8．There was a time when I was crazy about rock music.
9．It was no pleasure watching(watch)the football match at home alone.
10．While waiting(wait) for the bus，I met an old friend of mine.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每个句子仅有1处错误)
1．You should be very careful when cross the street.
cross→crossing
2．A series of traffic accident happened at the crossing yesterday.
accident→accidents
3．I think that she took my dictionary by purpose.
by→on
4．The new skirt added up to her beauty.
去掉up
5．It was at school where he met his English teacher.
where→that
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．直到看到他妈妈，这个小孩子才笑起来。
It was not until he saw his mother that the boy burst into laughter.
2．我告诉导游这是我第一次到台湾旅游。
I told the guide that it was the first time that I had travelled in Taiwan.
3．曾经有段时间我弟弟很厌倦学习。
There was a time when my younger brother was tired of study.
4．为了赶上别人，他决定更努力工作。
He decided to work harder in order to catch up with others．
5．为过去的错误哭泣是没有用的。
It is no use crying over the past mistakes．
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Section Ⅲ Grammar——直接引语变间接引语
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句 后自主感悟
阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1.She said，“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do，but I want this diary itself to be my friend，and I shall call my friend Kitty.”2.They say that this boy and I have fallen in love.3.Anne said she didn't dare open a window.4.The teacher asks us if a friend always has to be a person. 引述别人的话一般采用两种方式：一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，这叫直接引语(Direct Speech)；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在引号内，这叫间接引语(Indirect Speech)。 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
一、直接引语变间接引语时人称的变化
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应地变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，hers，it，its，they，their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
一随主：He said，“I like it very much.”
→He said that he liked it very much.(I改为he，it不变)
二随宾：He said，“You told me this story.”
→He said that I had told him that story.(You改为I，me改为him，told改为had told)
第三人称不更新：He said to me，“She's left her book in your room.”
→He told me that she had left her book in my room.(She's改为she had，her不变，your改为my)
[即时演练1] 句型转换
①The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.”
→The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.
②Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
③Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.
二、直接引语变间接引语时时态的变化
1．主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时，动词时态相应变化见下表：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般将来进行时 过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时 过去将来完成时
①He said，“I usually watch TV on Sunday.”
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.
②He said，“I'm using the knife.”
→He said that he was using the knife.
③He said，“I came to help you.”
→He said that he had come to help me.
[名师点津]
直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言，与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said，“The earth is round.”
→The teacher said that the earth is round.
He said，“I was born in Shandong in 1965.”
→He said that he was born in Shandong in 1965.
2．主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时。
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变。
①He says，“I finished the work.”
→He says that he finished the work.
②He will say，“I have watered the flowers.”
→He will say that he has watered the flowers.
[即时演练2] 句型转换
①His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.
②The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”
→The organizer said that they had begun their plan.
③My teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms.”
→My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms．
三、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表
类型 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this/these that/those
时间状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
this week(month...) that week(month...)
yesterday the day before
last week(month...) the week(month...) before
two weeks(months)ago two weeks (months)before
tomorrow the next day
next week(month...) the next week(month...)
地点状语 here there
动词 come go
bring take
①He said，“I met Mr Smith this morning.”
→He said that he had met Mr Smith that morning.
②He said，“We went to the cinema yesterday.”
→He said that they had gone to the cinema the day before.
[名师点津]
当直接引语为陈述句，主句为过去时时，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：
去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。
She said，“My brother doesn't want to go there.”
→She said that her brother didn't want to come here.
[即时演练3] 句型转换
①She asked，“Is this book his？”
→She asked whether that book was his.
②He said，“It's ten o'clock now.”
→He said that it was ten o'clock then．
③He said，“I'll come here tonight.”
→He said that he would go there that night.
四、连接词的选择
1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。 在口语中，that可以省略。
He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”
→He said(that)he was cooking when the earthquake happened.
[名师点津]
直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为“told sb.”。
She said to me，“I came back an hour ago.”
→She told me(that)she had come back an hour before.
2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，间接引语中用whether(...or...或．..or not)或if引导。
He said，“Are you interested in English？”
→He asked(me)if/whether I was interested in English.
[名师点津]
如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“What's your name？”he asked me.
→He asked me what my name was.
[名师点津]
疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
[即时演练4] 句型转换
①Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”
→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.
②“When will the sports meet be held？”he said.
→He asked when the sports meet would be held.
③The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”
→The little boy said (that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.
Ⅰ.将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1．He said，“I've left my book in my room.”
→He said that he had left his book in his room．
2．She said to Tom，“Can you help me？”
→She asked Tom whether he could help her．
3．She said，“He will be busy.”
→She said that he would be busy．
4．The teacher asked，“How did you repair it？”
→The teacher asked me how I repaired it．
5．The teacher said，“Practice makes perfect.”
→The teacher said that practice makes perfect．
6．He said，“We are still students.”
→He said that they were still students．
7．The young man said to me，“I was born in 1990.”
→The young man told me that he was born in 1990.
8．He said，“The film had begun when I got to the cinema.”
→He said that the film had begun when he got to the cinema．
9．I asked the teacher，“When shall we have our sports meeting？”
→I asked the teacher when we should have our sports meeting.
10．She said，“I'll do it tonight.”
→She said that she would do it that night．
Ⅱ.单句改错(每个句子仅有1处错误)
1．John said that he is going to London with his father.
is→was
2．They said that they would have a match next week.
next前加the
3．He told me that he has taught English for ten years.
has→had
4．The teacher told me that I must pay more attention to his pronunciation.
his→my
5．She said that she would go there this evening.
this→that
6．He said that he was washing his clothes now.
now→then
7．She told me that she was studying Chinese these days.
these→those
8．He said that he had bought the house 10 years ago.
ago→before
9．The teacher told us that the sun was bigger than the moon.
was→is
10．He asked me who I am.
am→was
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Section Ⅳ Using Language
Reading and listening
Dear Miss Wang，
I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment①. I'm getting along well with(与……相处) a boy in my class.We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other.We have become really good friends.But other students have started gossiping.They say that this boy and I have fallen in love②. This has made me angry.I don't want to end the friendship, but I hate others gossiping③. What should I do?
阅读与听力
亲爱的王小姐：
眼下我和班上的同学有点儿麻烦。我与班里一位男生相处得很好，我们经常在一起做家庭作业，并且很乐意相互帮助。我们已经成了相当好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱。这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？
[助读讲解] ①at the moment 目前，现在。②that 引导的宾语从句作say的宾语。③others gossiping 为动名词的复合结构，作hate的宾语。
Reading and writing
Dear Miss Wang，
I'm a student from Huzhou Senior High School.I have a problem.I'm not very good at④ communicating with people.Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still find it hard to make good friends with them⑤.So I feel quite lonely sometimes.I do⑥ want to change this situation, but I don't know how.I would be grateful(感激的) if you could give me some advice.
阅读与写作
亲爱的王小姐：
我是来自湖州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题。我不太善于同别人交流。尽管我努力和同学们交流，但是我仍然发现很难和他们交朋友。因此，有时候我感到非常孤独。我的确想改变这种现状，但是我不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我将不胜感激。
[助读讲解] ④be good at 擅长。⑤find it hard为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词作宾补。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to make...。make friends with sb.与某人交朋友。⑥do在此处表强调，以加强语气。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P6、P7课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．What is the two letters' main purpose?
A．To give advice. B．To ask for advice.
C．To make a promise. D．To keep a promise.
2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
The letter on P6 A．Xiao Dong has difficulty in
communicating with othersand needs
some advice from Miss Wang.
The letter on P7 B．A gossip has made Lisa angry，
and she wants to ask for some advice
from Miss Wang.
[答案] 1－2 BBA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P6、P7课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．What is Lisa's trouble?
A．She has fallen in love with a boy.
B．She can't get along with a boy.
C．A gossip has made her very angry.
D．She is upset that she has no friends.
2．What is Xiao Dong's trouble?
A．He has few friends.
B．He has trouble in communicating with others.
C．He always feels lonely.
D．He just doesn't want to communicate with others.
3．Who can give these two writers some help according to these two passages?
A．Lisa. B．Xiao Dong.
C．Miss Wang. D．Mr Wang.
[答案] 1－3 CBC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P6、P7课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
In the first letter，Lisa was having some trouble 1.with her classmates，because she was getting along 2.well (better)with a boy in her class.They had become good 3.friends (friend)through doing homework together and 4.helping (help)each other.But other students started gossiping about their relationship，5.which made her angry.Though she hated 6.others (other) gossiping，she didn't want to end the friendship.So she wrote to Miss Wang for some 7.advice (advice)．
While in the second letter，Xiao Dong had difficulty in 8.communicating (communicate)with people.Even though he tried hard to talk to his classmates，he still found 9.it hard to make good friends with them.In order 10.to change (change)this situation，he needed some advice too.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．The famous singer is popular with teenagers(十几岁的青少年)．
2．I agree with you all the time，but I disagree(不同意)with you on this.
3．We have many items(项)on the list to discuss in our meeting today.
4．After working abroad for several years，Gill wants to settle down in her hometown.
5．You are doing me so great a favor，and I'm very grateful to you.
6．It can take a long time to recover from an operation.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．settle vi.安家；停留 vt.使定居；解决→settlement n．解决；协议；安顿
2．recover v．痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery n．痊愈；复苏；重获
3．like v．喜欢；爱→dislike n．&vt.不喜欢；厌恶
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．suffer from 遭受；患病
2．get/be tired of 对……厌烦
3．pack (sth.)up 将(东西)装箱打包
4．get along with 与……相处；进展
5．fall in love 相爱；爱上
6．join in 参加；加入
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．The first time he saw her，he fell in love with her.
2．Before setting off for a journey，you should be sure to pack up carefully in case you may leave out something useful.
3．Those with little or no coffee intake，however，are more likely to suffer from the disease.
4．Besides，I'm pleasant to get along with and I like making friends.
Ⅴ.经典句式必背
1．Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.
妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。
[记句式结构]with的复合结构
[仿写促落实]He often sleeps with the windows open.
他经常开着窗户睡觉。
2．I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.
眼下我和班上的同学有点儿麻烦。
[记句式结构]have some trouble with...“在……有麻烦”。
[仿写促落实]I am having some trouble with my oral English now.
现在我的英语口语有点儿麻烦。
3．Although I try to talk to my classmates，I still find it hard to make good friends with them.
尽管我努力和同学们交流，但是我仍然发现很难和他们交朋友。
[记句式结构]find(动词)＋形式宾语(it)＋宾补＋真正的宾语
[仿写促落实]I don't feel it difficult to understand English.
我觉得理解英语并不难。
4．I do want to change this situation，but I don't know how.
我确实想改变这种现状，但是我不知道该怎么办。
[记句式结构]用do(did/does)强调谓语动词
[仿写促落实]He does like eating noodles.
他真的喜欢吃面条。
settle vi.安家；定居；停留
vt.使定居；安排；解决
(教材P4)She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place，because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.
她发现在藏身之地很难安身和平静下来，因为她担心会被人发现。
(1)settle down 定居下来；使安静下来
settle (down) to sth. 开始认真对待某事；定下心来做某事
settle in/into 定居；适应于……
(2)settler n. 移民；解决者
(3)settlement n. 定居；解决
①It will take you a few months to settle into life at college.
你要花几个月的时间适应大学生活。
②He hoped to settle down in the countryside.
他希望在农村定居。
③I really must settle down to doing(do) some serious work.
我真的必须安静下来做些正经事了。
[名师点津]
settle down to sth.中的to是介词，因此后面跟代词、名词或动名词作宾语。
[语境助记]
On settling in the new settlement，what concerns the settlers is that they have to look for a settlement to settle their transportation in order to settle down to their new work.
刚在新的居住区安顿下来，让移居者们关心的是他们必须找一个方法解决交通问题，这样他们才能够着手认真做新工作。
suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历
(教材P4)She suffered from loneliness，but she had to learn to like it there.
她遭受孤独，但是在那儿她不得不学着喜欢它。
(1)suffer from 患……病，受……之苦
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦难(常用复数形式)
(3)sufferer n. 患病者；受难者
①We'll suffer hunger one day if we don't care about the farmland.
如果我们不关注农田，将来我们会挨饿的。
②Do you often suffer from headache?
你经常头痛吗？
③He slept on firewood and straw to remind himself of his sufferings(suffer)．
他睡在柴草上，提醒自己不要忘记所遭受的苦难。
[语境助记]
We all want to do something to help those sufferers out of their sufferings.
我们都想做些事去帮助那些受苦者摆脱痛苦。
get/be tired of 对……厌烦
(教材P5)I've got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows...
我已经厌倦了透过肮脏的窗帘和布满灰尘的窗户看大自然……
be tired from/with 由于……而疲劳
be tired out 筋疲力尽
①It is said that he is no longer tired of his present job now.
据说他现在已不厌烦他目前的工作了。
②I was tired out walking so long a distance.
由于走了那么长的路我累了。
③I was tired from/with having sat up all night.
我因熬夜而感到疲惫。
[语境助记]
You may get/be tired with/from studying，but you shouldn't get/be tired of it.
学习可能使你疲劳，但你不应该对学习感到厌烦。
get along with 与……相处；进展
(教材P6)I'm getting along well with a boy in my class.我与班里一位男生相处得很好。
①How are you getting along with your work now?
你的工作现在进展如何？
②I spoke slowly，but my meaning didn't get across．
我讲得很慢，但我的意思还是没有被理解。
③He got through the examination.
他通过了考试。
[名师点津]
(1)get along with还可以说成get on with；
(2)通常与副词well，nicely，badly等连用，构成get along/on well/nicely/badly with，表示“同某人相处得好/坏”或“某事进展顺利/不顺利”。
disagree vi.不同意；不一致；不适合
(教材P6)I disagree.我不同意。
(1)disagree with 与……不一致，不符；不同意某人的
意见；(天气等)不适宜
disagree with sb.on/about sth.
在某方面与某人有分歧
disagree on 在某方面意见不合；有分歧
(2)disagreement n. 意见不合；分歧；不相符
①We've had a few disagreements(disagree)，but we're still good friends.
虽然有过一些分歧，但我们仍然是好朋友。
②He disagreed with his parents on/about many things.
他在多数事情上都与父母不一致。
③The cold climate here disagrees with my mother.
这儿寒冷的气候不适合我母亲。
grateful adj.感激的；表示谢意的
(教材P7)I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.如果您能给我提些建议，我将不胜感激。
grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的
be grateful
I would be grateful if you could do...
如果你能……，我将感激不尽。
①She would be very grateful if you could give her an early reply.
如果你能早点给她答复，她将非常感激。
②I'm so grateful to you for all that you've done.
对于你所做的一切我都非常感激。
③He was grateful to have(have) someone to talk to.
有人跟他谈话，他会很感激。
join in参加；加入
(教材P7)to join in discussions and show interest in other people's ideas
参加讨论并对别人的想法表现出兴趣
join sb.in sth./doing sth. 加入某人做某事；
和某人一起做某事
①Even though not everyone should join in，can you pack and join us in camping?
尽管并不是每个人都应该参加，但是你能收拾下和我们一起去野营吗？
[明辨异同] join in/join/take part in/attend
易混词(组) 用法
join in 常用于口语，表示参加别人已经在进行的小型活动，其宾语一般是谈话、竞赛、娱乐、游戏等表示活动的名词。如果表示“与某人一起做某事”则用join sb.in doing sth.。
join 通常指参加某个组织、党派、团体、军队等，并成为其中一员，宾语往往是the army，party，team，club或sb.等。
take part in 常指参与群众性的活动、运动，并在其中发挥作用。part前有修饰语时，要加不定冠词a/an。
attend 正式用语，常指参加会议、集会、仪式、典礼等，还可以表示“上学，上课，听报告”等。
(join in/join/take part in/attend)
②He didn't attend school yesterday because of his illness.
③Zhou Enlai took part in the student movements actively when he was at school.
④At the age of eight，he joined a group of child?dancers.
⑤The children joined in the English Evening and had a good time.
[图形助记]
形式各异的“参加”
(教材P6)I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.
眼下我和班上的同学有点儿麻烦。
【要点提炼】 have trouble with sb.和某人有麻烦
have trouble with sth./in doing sth.
做……上有困难
have difficulty with sth. 在……上有困难
have difficulty(in)doing sth. 做某事有困难
①I hope we won't have any trouble with each other.
希望我们彼此之间不会有什么不愉快的事情。
②We have different dialects，so we have trouble in understanding(understand)each other.
我们方言不同，因此我们彼此理解有困难。
③I have some difficulty with English grammar.
我在英语语法方面有点儿困难。
(教材P7)Although I try to talk to my classmates，I still find it hard to make good friends with them.
尽管我努力和同学们交流，但是我仍然发现很难和他们交朋友。
【要点提炼】 find＋it＋形容词＋to do sth.
“vt.＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.”中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。宾补可用形容词、名词来充当。能用于本句型的动词除了find，还有feel，make，think，believe，consider等。
①We have made it a rule not to smoke in the office.
我们已制定了规则，不准在办公室里吸烟。
②We feel it our duty to make(make) our country a better place.
我们觉得让我们的国家成为一个更加美好的地方是我们的责任。
③I think it necessary to learn a foreign language.
我认为学一门外语是有必要的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With a lot of difficult problems settled(settle)，he smiled with relief.
2．Are you getting along nicely with your classmates?
3．This medicine must be measured out exactly(exact)．
4．I have made it clear to oppose the project.
5．I have some difficulty with the work.
6．He is well on his way to recovery (recover)．
7．The little boy is tired of listening to the same story.
8．I want to join in their games.
9．I hope this will end my sufferings(suffer)．
10．Tourists all had packs(pack)on their backs.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．如果你驯养这只浣熊，它以后生活在野外将会有困难。
If you domesticate this raccoon，it will have trouble/difficulty(in)living
in the wild later.
2．他们发现很难和她相处。
They found it difficult to get along with her．
3．他的确喜欢听古典音乐。
He does enjoy listening to classical music.
4．如果你能帮我把箱子拿上楼，我将感激不尽。
I would be grateful if you could help me to carry the box upstairs.
5．有这么多工作要做，我不知道我是不是有时间出去。
With so much work to do，I don't know if I'll have time to go out.
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Section Ⅴ Writing——建议信
本单元的写作项目属于应用体类别中的“建议信”。这种题目要求我们就有关问题进行分析，并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。
一、基本框架
1．开头(beginning)——开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点(state your idea)。
2．主体(body)——对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，接着提出自己的建议(reasons and evidence)。
3．结尾(ending)——呼应开头，重申观点(restate your opinion)。
二、注意事项
1．开门见山，直入主题。在书信正文的开头找准话题的切入点，自然而然地引出自己想要谈的主题。写信时要充分了解情况，有的放矢，以提高书信的针对性。
2．给出希望对方采取或者终止某种行为的理由。在陈述理由的过程中要换位思考，尽量为对方考虑。要用事实说话，以增强说服力。
3．语气要和缓，让对方考虑你的想法或者建议，以理服人是关键，不能把自己的想法强加于人。
4．给出合理建议，通过提建议让对方明确行动的方向，从而达到写信的最终目的。
首段常用的句型：
1．I'm sorry you have trouble in...
2．I am writing to share some advice with you.
3．You have asked me for my advice about...
4．I am writing to express my views on/concerning...
5．You have asked for some advice concerning...and I will try to give you my suggestion.
提出建议时常用的句型：
1．I think it would be a good idea if...
2．In my opinion it would be wise to...
3．I suggest that you should...
4．In my opinion，you'd better...
5．I advise you to...
6．If I were you，I would...
7．Why not...？/Why don't you...?
8．How about...？/What about...?
结尾段常用的句型：
1．I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/tips practical/useful/helpful.
2．I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in more details.
3．I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions.
4．In the end，I will be glad if you find my suggestions useful/helpful.
5．I hope you will take my advice into account.
6．I will be glad if you will consider my tips.
你叫张伟。你的好友王强因不擅长与别人交流，感到非常苦恼。最近，他来信向你求助。请你用英语给他写一封100词左右的回信。主要内容应包括：
1．劝他不必为此事感到苦恼；
2．告诉他与别人有效地交流是很重要的；
3．就如何改变目前的状况给他提出几点建议。
要求：1.表达要清楚，语言简洁、流畅；
2．针对问题给出建议，层次清晰。
体裁 应用文 时态 一般现在时为主
主题 提供建议 人称 第一、二人称
结构 第一段：引入主题 第二段：阐明交流的重要性 第三段：就如何改变现状提出建议
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．upset 心烦意乱的
2．be concerned about 关心；挂念
3．add to 增加
4．tip 提示；技巧
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．你不能有效地与他人交流是你感到难受的原因。(强调句型)
It's because you are not able to communicate with others effectively that you are feeling upset.
2．因为很少人了解如何与他人交流，因此你没有必要对此太过于担心。(with的复合结构)
With few people knowing about how to communicate with others，you haven't got to be concerned about it too much.
3．我发现提供给你一些如何解决这个问题的方法很有必要。(it作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语)
I find it necessary to offer you some tips on how to settle the problem.
4．在与别人交流时，你应该理解他们以便于你能与他们交换意见。(省略结构)
While talking with others，you should understand them so that you can exchange ideas with them.
5．我尤其希望我的建议对你有帮助。(强调谓语动词)
I do hope my tips will be of help to you.
(二)句式升级
1．你没必要太担心此事。(用there be结构)
You haven't got to be concerned about it too much.
→There's no need for you to be concerned about it too much.
2．那就是为什么我想要提供你一些如何解决这个问题技巧的原因。(表语从句及动词升级)
It's the reason why I want to give you some tips on how to settle the problem.
→That is why I would like to offer you some tips on how to settle the problem.
3．我希望我的建议对你有帮助。(be of＋n.)
I hope my tips will be helpful to you.
→I hope my tips will be of help to you.
【参考范文】
Dear Wang Qiang，
I know you are feeling upset these days because you are not able to communicate with others effectively.Let me tell you my ideas about it.
I notice some people around us are not good at communication，so you haven't got to be concerned about it too much.However，good communication can add to our chance of success.That is why I would like to offer you some tips on how to settle the problem.
Firstly，be direct and honest to those whom you talk to so that they can understand you easily.Secondly，be aware of what you want to say and express yourself clearly.Thirdly，learn to understand others when they talk so that you can exchange ideas with them.
I hope my tips will be of help to you.
All the best.
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