(共40张PPT)
Unit 4 Friends forever
Unit 4 Friends forever
Unit 4 Friends forever
Unit 4 Friends forever
Unit 4 Friends forever
click
faraway
maintain
digital
site
tend
criminal
bathwater
advance
significantly
enable
unusual
meaningful
in view
think of
lose track of
thanks to
stay in touch with
social media
be up to
keep in mind
share...with
long for
What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends
was writing letters
Whatever our hobbies
what we see on social media
Although technology has
changed the way we acquire friends
keep track of
Keeping in touch with our friends
get in touch with us
lost his balance
advances
in
advanced
up to
to
to
to decide
to see
unable
disabled
toward/to
to be
to
Whenever/No matter when
Whatever she says
whatever you like
Whatever difficulties
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品句填词
1．When you have selected the file you want, click(点击) the “Open” box.
2．They have just returned from faraway(遥远的) places with wonderful stories to tell.
3．Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained(维持) close links.
4．The company just needs your digital(数字的) information sent through e?mail.
5．The police officer told the criminal(罪犯) that he had the right to remain silent.
6．Recent advances(进展) in medical science mean that this illness can now be cured.
7．Studies suggest that regular intake of the vitamin significantly(显著地) improves brain function.
8．The software will enable(使能够) you to create your own DVDs.
9．It’s unusual(不常见的) to have a goalkeeper as the captain of a football team.
10．Having the opportunity to work would make retirement more meaningful(有意义的) for many senior citizens.
完成句子
1．(2016·北京卷)你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。
Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.
2．(山东卷)无论花费多大，即使要承担一大笔债务，他们都会送孩子上大学。
They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.
3．她说的话使我意识到我犯的错误是多么的愚蠢！
What she said made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made.
4．尽管经常锻炼非常重要，可是距离睡觉时间太近并非是一个好主意。
Although regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
5．我在找一份能够使我培养技能的工作。
I’m looking for a job which will enable me to develop my skills．
课文语法填空
Thanks to 1.advances(advance) in technology, the way we make friends and communicate with them has changed 2.significantly(significant). At present, we can travel around the world and still stay in touch 3.with our friends. It has become much 4.easier(easy) to know what our friends are doing at the time through social media.
The digital age and the Internet also enable us 5.to find(find) and connect people who share the same interests, 6.whatever our hobbies are and however far they live.
People you know well online are not always your true friends. We need to keep in mind that what 7.is shown(show) on social media is not often the whole 8.truth(true) of a person. The reason for it is that people like 9.putting(put) the best of them online while hiding their ugly aspects.
Despite this, we should not stop eating for fear of being choked. Everything has two sides. Technology has changed our way of making friends, 10.but the meaning of friendship and the longing for friends remain the same.
单句语法填空
1．The advances(advance) in technology has greatly changed the way people communicate with each other.
2．(重庆卷)Men’s clothes tend to__button(button) from the right, and women’s from the left.
3．Whatever the weather is like tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao.
4．They have replanted many areas with rare and unusual(usual) plants.
5．He asked people to tell him about a meaningful(meaning) event or period in their lives.
6．Eating a good diet significantly(significant) lessens the risk of heart disease.
7．Only teamwork will enable us to__get(get) the job done on time.
8．Who is it up to__decide(decide) whether to go or not?
9．Yesterday I had so much fun that I lost track of time, so when I got home, it was eight o’clock.
10．(全国卷)Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note?taking is a selective process.
阅读理解
A
Lily and Lisa were best friends. They were always together. But things changed one day. That day Lisa was sent to sit beside another girl called Alice. They soon laughed happily together.
The next day, when Lily went to Lisa’s house, she saw Lisa and Alice laughing and playing happily together. Lisa was playing so happily then that she didn’t even notice Lily when she arrived. Lily felt very depressed and went home. She thought Lisa had changed and was afraid she’d leave her. She didn’t want to lose her best friend. Thinking she might lose her one day, she couldn’t help crying.
Just then, Lily’s mother came back. Seeing she was crying, her mother asked her why. Lily told her everything. After hearing what she said, her mother couldn’t help laughing. She said，“Don’t be sad. You should be happy.”Lily was confused. She didn’t understand why she should be happy. Her mother explained，“Now, Lisa has a new friend. And you’re friends with Lisa. It means that you have a new friend, too. Just make friends with Alice, too.”
Hearing that, Lily stopped feeling sad. She liked the idea of having one more friend. So the next day, when Lily saw Lisa and Alice playing in the classroom, she happily went to them and joined them. The three quickly became good friends.
Never feel sad if your friend has a new friend. Instead, be happy. If your friend has a new friend, it means that you have a new friend, too.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Lily的好朋友Lisa交了新朋友Alice后对Lily有一些忽视，这让Lily很伤心也很担心，但是经过妈妈的开导，Lily不仅没有失去好朋友Lisa，还多了一个好朋友。
1．After Lisa sat beside Alice, the two ________．
A．disliked each other
B．ignored Lily at once
C．invited Lily to play together
D．got along well with each other
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They soon laughed happily together.”可知，当Lisa和Alice坐到一起后，她们相处得很好。
2．Which word can best take the place of the underlined word “depressed”？
A．Upset. B．Lonely.
C．Surprised. D．Tired.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Thinking she might lose her one day, she couldn’t help crying.”可知，当看到Lisa和Alice在一起开心地玩耍，而且都没有注意到自己时，Lily感到很不安，她担心她会失去好朋友Lisa。
3．According to Lily’s mother, Lily should be happy because ______．
A．Alice is a very nice girl
B．she will have a new friend
C．she has made a new friend
D．Lisa is still her best friend
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中Lily的妈妈所说的“And you’re friends with Lisa. It means that you have a new friend, too. Just make friends with Alice, too.”可知，Lily的妈妈开导Lily，说她不应该伤心，反而应该高兴，因为这意味着她也将多一个朋友。
4．What does the author want to tell us?
A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B．Not everyone likes making friends.
C．Without confidence there is no friendship.
D．Our friends can help us make new friends.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据文章最后一句“If your friend has a new friend, it means that you have a new friend, too.”可知，作者通过这个故事想要告诉我们：朋友可以帮我们结交更多的朋友。
B
When you choose a friend，you should be very careful.A good friend can help you study.You can have fun together and make each other happy.Sometimes you will meet fair weather(晴天) friends.They will be with you as long as you have money or luck，but when you are down，they will run away.How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character，especially understanding，honesty and reliability(可靠)．
Above all else，I look for understanding in a friend.A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling.He is not quick to judge.Instead，he tries to learn from others.He puts himself in the other person’s place，and he tries to think of ways to be helpful.He is also a good listener.
At the same time，however，a good friend is honest.He does not look for faults(过错) in others.He notices their good points.In short，good friends will be honest to each other and accept each other.
Another quality of a friend is reliability.I can always depend on a good friend.If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time，I can be sure that he will be there.If I need a favor，he will do his best to help me.If I am in trouble，he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special.A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun.We should enjoy our lives，and we would enjoy our friendship.That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with.A good friend likes the same things I like.We share experience and learn from each other.A good friend has a good sense of humor，too.He likes to laugh with me.That is how we share in the joy of being friends.And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable，honest，and understanding，I know I’ve found a friend!
【解题导语】 文章分析了好朋友要具备的品质，并对各种品质进行了详细的说明。
5．If you have fair weather friends，________．
A．you will become rich
B．you can be sure that you get real friends
C．they will give you all that they have when you need help
D．you will be refused when you get into trouble
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Sometimes you will meet fair weather(晴天) friends.They will be with you as long as you have money or luck，but when you are down，they will run away.”有时你会遇到像天气变化似的朋友。只要你有钱或幸运，他们就会和你在一起，但是当你倒下的时候，他们就会跑掉。说明这样的朋友在你遇见困难的时候会离去，故选D项。
6．Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend?
A．Honesty. B．Reliability.
C．Understanding. D．A sense of humor.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Above all else，I look for understanding in a friend.”最重要的是，我在朋友中寻求理解。分析句意可知作者认为理解是最重要的。故选C。
7．Good friends need to ________．
A．be helped with money
B．understand each other’s feelings
C．always point out each other’s mistakes
D．have money or luck
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Above all else，I look for understanding in a friend.A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling.”可知，好朋友要善于理解他人。分析选项可知B项符合题意。故选B。
8．This passage mainly discusses ________．
A．the qualities of a friend
B．where to choose friends
C．how to get along with friends
D．the importance of having a friend
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“How do I know when I have found a good friend？”可知，本文主要是分析好朋友究竟应该具有什么样的品质。故选A。
完形填空
From the first week of high school, my best friend, Trisha, was always going out with the popular girls.__1__ I thought，“It’s okay; she’s just making new friends.”But soon I realized that Trisha wasn’t interested in me anymore. I’d __2__ my best friend. It really hurt.
One day, I told Trisha that we should __3__ pretending(假装) to be friends when we really weren’t anymore. I wasn’t trying to make her mad, __4__ she was. After that, Trisha started talking about me behind my back, telling people that I was __5__. Some of our friends __6__ with her. I felt like she was taking them away from me.
The more I thought about it, the __7__ I got. Finally, I __8__ a picture of Trisha and drew lines on her face. I wrote，“I __9__ this person”across the bottom. And then I did something I’ll always __10__： I put it on a website I thought was __11__. I thought people would see it, and it felt good to vent(发泄)．
A week later, Trisha’s mom saw the __12__. She called my mom, who made me take it off the website right away. However, it was already too __13__. Lots of people had seen it, and I was in a lot of __14__．
That whole day, I felt __15__. I had to say sorry to Trisha face to face. She said she accepted my apology(道歉), but I felt she was __16__ angry with me.
Posting that picture was one of the worst __17__ I’ve ever made. I realize now I could have found a much better way to deal with my __18__. If I’d just told Trisha how much I __19__ her, maybe things would have turned out __20__. It’s too late for me to change things, but I hope you’ll learn from my mistake.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者最好的朋友上了高中后不断结交新朋友并开始冷落作者，作者因此感到不满，做了一件让她懊悔终生的事情。
1．A.At least B．At first
C．In general D．In public
B 解析：根据下文中的“But soon I realized that”可知，作者“一开始(At first)”觉得Trisha只是在结交新朋友，可以接受。
2．A.lost B．met
C．found D．made
A 解析：根据上一句中的“Trisha wasn’t interested in me anymore”可知，作者的好朋友不再对她感兴趣，因此作者“失去了(lost)”这个好朋友。
3．A.enjoy B．suggest
C．stop D．continue
C 解析：作者告诉Trisha，既然她们已经不再是朋友，因此也应该“不再继续(stop)”假装是朋友。
4．A.because B．so
C．but D．and
C 解析：根据该段接下来描述的事实可知，尽管作者不是有意要激怒Trisha，“但是(but)”Trisha很生气。
5．A.busy B．sad
C．careless D．bad
D 解析：根据该空前的“Trisha started talking about me behind my back”可知，Trisha开始在作者背后说三道四，告诉其他人她“不好(bad)”。
6．A.sided B．talked
C．remained D．studied
A 解析：根据下一句中的“she was taking them away from me”可知，作者和Trisha共同的朋友开始“支持(sided)”Trisha。
7．A.less serious B．less proud
C．quieter D．angrier
D 解析：根据该段接下来叙述作者的所作所为可知，作者越想“越生气(angrier)”。
8．A.gave back B．took up
C．cut D．received
B 解析：根据该空后的“drew lines on her face”可知，作者“拿起(took up)”Trisha的一张照片。
9．A.need B．fear
C．hate D．prefer
C 解析：根据上文描述作者和Trisha之间发生的事情可知，作者“恨(hate)”Trisha。
10．A.regret B．control
C．correct D．mention
A 解析：根据作者在最后一段的悔恨可知，她做了一件让她永远“后悔(regret)”的事情。
11．A.strange B．unknown
C．popular D．private
C 解析：根据下一句中的“I thought people would see it”可知，作者将照片发到了一个“受欢迎的(popular)”网站。
12．A.book B．picture
C．news D．letter
B 解析：根据上一段中的“a picture of Trisha”可知，Trisha的妈妈在网上看到那张“照片(picture)”。
13．A.dark B．big
C．old D．late
D 解析：根据该空后的“Lots of people had seen it”可知，一切已经“为时已晚(late)”。
14．A.trouble B．peace
C．danger D．help
A 解析：根据该段的介绍可知，Trisha的妈妈看到了网上的照片并且告知了作者的妈妈，而且已经有许多人看到了照片，因此作者深陷“麻烦(trouble)”之中。
15．A.excited B．free
C．terrible D．lucky
C 解析：意识到了事情的严重性，作者那天感到很“糟糕(terrible)”。
16．A.just B．still
C．once D．soon
B 解析：根据转折连词but可知，Trisha虽然口头上说接受作者的道歉，然而作者觉得Trisha“仍然(still)”在生她的气。
17．A.excuses B．explanations
C．changes D．decisions
D 解析：根据接下来作者的悔悟可知，将照片传到网上是作者做过的最坏的“决定(decisions)”。
18．A.lessons B．feelings
C．mistakes D．friends
B 解析：联系全文可知，作者觉得她本可以用一种更好的方式来处理自己的“情感(feelings)”。
19．A.missed B．trusted
C．praised D．influenced
A 解析：作者现在意识到如果她直接告诉Trisha她很“想念(missed)”她，那么事情可能就“不是这样的了(differently)”。
20．A.suddenly B．clearly
C．differently D．hopefully
C 解析：参见上题解析。
(共38张PPT)
Unit 4 Friends forever
pour
pack
passion
slice
quality
drag
correspond
partner
encouragement
comfort
patience
generosity
humour
anxious
fortune
distance
mix...with...
according to
in fact
agree with
begin with...
be set in...
start for
make one’s fortune
ought to
work out
hear from...
turn up
makes it clear
to start for
to try
encouraging
from
discouraged
with
of
patience
patience
patience
about
to know
anxiously
anxiety
Set
cleaning
to clean
for
up
to find
Fortunately
Unfortunately
at a distance of
at a distance
in the distance
distant
to get
it
quarrelling
makes it possible for every student to use
it no good reading
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Section Ⅱ Integrating skills & Developing ideas
重点单词
基础词汇
1.pour v. 灌，注，倒
2.pack n. 小盒，小包
3.passion n. 强烈的情感，激情
4.slice n. 片，薄片
5.quality n. 素质，品德
6.drag v. 拖，拉
7.correspond v. 通信
8.partner n. 伙伴，搭档
拓展词汇
9.encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞→encourage v．鼓励，鼓舞→discourage v．使沮丧，使泄气→discouragement n．沮丧；挫折
10.comfort n．安慰，慰藉；v.安慰→comfortable adj.舒适的，舒服的
11.patience n．耐心→patient adj.耐心的；容忍的 n．病人→patiently adv.耐心地，容忍地
12.generosity n．慷慨，大方→generous adj.慷慨的，大方的
13.humour n．幽默感→humorous adj.幽默的
14.anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiety n．焦虑，不安
15.fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸的
16.distance v．使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系→distant adj.遥远的
重点短语
1.mix...with... 把……同……混合在一起
2．according to 根据，依据
3．in fact 事实上
4．agree with 同意；赞成
5．begin with... 以……开始
6．be set in... 以……为背景
7.start for 动身去某处
8．make one’s fortune 发财
9．ought to 应该，应当
10．work out 详细拟定，规划
11．hear from... 受到……的来信
12．turn up (意外地或终于)出现
重点句型
1.it作形式宾语：This makes it clear(说明白) to the other person that you are giving them a choice.
2．be to do 表计划、打算：The next morning I was to start for(将动身去) the West to make my fortune.
Read the passage on Page 44－45 and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the purpose of writing this passage?
A．To change people’s usual impression of friendship.
B．To tell us how difficult it is to meet a person.
C．To warn us no to be late for meeting friends.
D．To show the friendship between the two former friends.
2．What promise did they make before they parted?
A．Making a large fortune.
B．Working out their destiny.
C．Meeting again at the same place.
D．Not giving up the hope of living.
3．What do we know about Jimmy?
A．He has a special feeling for New York.
B．He didn’t know other places in the world.
C．He wanted to live a meaningful life alone.
D．He had no idea of what his future would be like.
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．I felt disappointed at not seeing Jimmy.
B．I firmly believed Jimmy was a reliable person.
C．Jimmy and I never contacted each other before.
D．Jimmy was too far away to arrive on time.
答案：1－4.DCAB
encouragement n．激励；鼓励
(教材P42)Next, add: two cups of trust, one spoon of encouragement, three spoons of helpfulness...
接下来，加入：两杯信任，一勺鼓励，三勺帮助，……
(1)encourage v． 鼓励，激励
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
(2)encouraging adj. 鼓励的，鼓舞人心的
(3)discourage v. 使泄气；使气馁
discourage sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
(4)discouraged adj. 泄气的；失去信心的
discouraging adj. 令人泄气的；使人沮丧的
①An ideal life is the kind of life that is encouraged by love and guided by knowledge.
理想的生活是一种由爱激励和由知识引导的生活。
②Teachers often encourage us to try(try) new things in our daily life.
老师经常鼓励我们在日常生活中尝试新鲜事物。
③I’m glad to hear the encouraging(encourage) news that his brother has been admitted into Peking University.
听到他哥哥已经被北京大学录取的这个鼓舞人心的消息，我很高兴。
④We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas. 除特定区域外，我们禁止吸烟。
⑤(福建卷)We shouldn’t get discouraged(courage) right after failures.Rather，we should keep trying with enthusiasm. 失败后我们不应该失去信心。相反，我们应该充满热情地继续努力。
patience n. 耐心；忍耐，忍受
(教材P42)．..one glass of comfort, two drops of patience, one bag of passion...
……一杯安慰，两滴耐心，一袋激情……
(1)patient adj. 耐心的；能忍受的
n. 病人
be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
be patient of sth. 忍受/忍耐某事
(2)impatient adj. 不耐烦的；没有耐心的
impatience n. 不耐烦
with patience＝patiently 耐心地
①It takes great patience to take care of children.
照顾孩子需要很大的耐心。
②Bob is a little slow in understanding, so we have to be patient with him.
鲍勃理解稍微慢一点。因此我们不得不耐心对他。
③As a parent, you should sometimes be patient of the mistakes by children, which may offer them more growing space. 为人父母，你有时应当容忍孩子犯的错误，这会给他们提供更多的成长空间。
④(江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience(patient)． 无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。
形容词patient的名词形式是patience，以下以?t结尾的形容词改变词尾为?ce后便变为名词：
①important→importance ②distant→distance
③convenient→convenience ④intelligent→intelligence
⑤silent→silence
anxious adj. 忧虑的，不安的
(教材P42)patience noun [U] the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry patience 名词[不可数]一种在没有焦虑或生气的情况下等待的能力
(1)be anxious about sth. 为某事担心/担忧
be anxious for sth./to do sth. 渴望某事/做某事
(2)anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑，担心
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦急地；忧虑地；渴望地
①(陕西卷)You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late.
如果你去吃晚餐动身晚了，你就会感到不安。
②(2016·江苏卷)Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.
杰克禁不住担心他的工作面试。
③These students were anxious to know(know) the results of the exam. 这些学生急于知道考试成绩。
④He is anxiously(anxious) awaiting the result of the medical tests. 他焦虑地等待着体检的结果。
⑤The old woman was waiting for the return of her son with anxiety(anxious)．
老妇人望眼欲穿地盼望儿子归来。
My daughter studies very hard, because she is anxious to go to college. But she is anxious about not passing the College Entrance Examination. I am really anxious that she should get rid of anxiety.
我的女儿学习很努力，因为她渴望上大学。但她又担心不能通过大学入学考试。我真希望她能够消除忧虑。
set(a play，novel，etc.)in 设置(戏剧、小说等的)背景
(教材P44)The short story “After Twenty Years” is set in New York on a cold, dark night. 这则短篇故事《二十年后》以纽约为背景，发生在一个寒冷漆黑的晚上。
be set in 以……为背景
set down 放下，记下
set off 出发，动身(与for 连用)；
使爆炸；引起
set out (to do sth.) 出发；开始(做某事)
set about (doing sth.) 着手(做某事)
set up 建立，树立，搭起
①Great Expectations is set in England in the early 1800s.
《远大前程》以19世纪早期的英国为背景。
②Set(set) in London in the 1960s, the novel has become a best?seller. 以二十世纪六十年代的伦敦为背景，这部小说已经成为一本畅销书。
③The moment he arrived home, he set about cleaning(clean) the house.
＝The moment he arrived home, he set out to clean(clean) the house. 他一到家就开始打扫房间。
④We set off for London just after ten.
刚过十点，我们就动身去伦敦了。
⑤He set up a non?profit organization 10 years ago when he just graduated from college.
十年前他刚大学毕业时，就建立了一个非营利组织。
fortune n. 运气；命运；财富；大笔的钱，巨款
(教材P44)The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.
第二天，我计划动身去西部寻求发财之道。
(1)have the good fortune to do sth.有幸做某事
make a fortune 发财
try one’s fortune 碰运气
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的，运气好的
be fortunate 有幸做某事
(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
①When fortune smiled on him, he made the most of it.
当好运来临时，他充分把握住了。
②She was fortunate enough to find(find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
她大学一毕业就找到了工作，真是幸运。
③Fortunately(fortunate) for him, his parents managed to send him to school though badly off.
对他来说幸运的是，尽管贫穷，父母仍送他去上学。
④Unfortunately(fortunate)，many people around the world are still struggling against hunger.
不幸的是，世界各地很多人仍在与饥饿作斗争。
fortune作“机会，运气”讲时，为不可数名词，作“财产”讲时，为可数名词。
distance v. 使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系
(教材P44)．..no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.
……不管我们的生活近况有可能是什么样的，或者我们不管走多远来到这里。
(1)in the distance 在远方，在远处
at a distance 稍远处
at a distance of 在……远的地方
(2)distant adj. 遥远的；(指人)远亲的；冷淡的
①What’s the distance from New York to Chicago?
纽约到芝加哥有多远？
②The sound of the waterfall can be heard at a distance of two miles. 在两英里外就能听到瀑布的声音。
③The fire which lights us at a distance will burn us when near. 远火能照亮，近火会烧人。
④Because of the heavy fog, I couldn’t make out the person in the distance．
由于大雾，我没能认出远处的那个人。
⑤The high?speed train station is about ten miles distant(distance) from the city.
高铁站距离城市约十英里远。
it作形式宾语
(教材P43) This makes it clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice.
这就向对方表明了一种情况，那就是你在给他们一个选择。
该句型为“make it＋adj.＋that从句”，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。
(1)it作形式宾语的句型：
①make＋it＋(adj./n.)＋(for sb.)to do sth.
②make＋it＋(adj./n.)＋从句
③make＋it＋no good/no use/no value，etc.＋doing sth.
(2)与make用法相同的其他动词： think/consider/find/feel/believe等。
①We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.
我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。
②He made it a rule to get(get) up at 6 o’clock in the morning.
他使每天早上6点起床成为一种习惯。
③Until now scientists still feel it difficult to land on the Mars.
直到现在科学家们仍觉得要登上火星是困难的。
④I consider it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.
我认为就这件事情和他争吵是没有用的。
[巧学活用]——句型转换
(1)It is possible for every student in our school to use a computer in class.
→Our school makes it possible for every student to use a computer in class.
(2)I think reading in bed is no good.
→I think it no good reading in bed.
品句填词
1．Honesty is a good quality(品质) which the Chinese honor and admire.
2．He had never imagined that his destiny(命运) would have been changed by an accident.
3．He and a partner(同伴) set up on their own and built a successful fashion company.
4．I could never have achieved this without the encouragement(鼓励) of my husband and family.
5．The family continues to be the primary source of care and comfort(安慰) for people as they grow older.
6．He’s a good teacher, but he doesn’t have much patience(耐心) with the naughty pupils.
7．His generosity(慷慨) of donating food to the poor is highly praised by his neighbors.
8．I have a great sense of humour(幽默) and people say I have a wonderful personality.
9．My mother always gets a bit anxious(不安的) if we don’t arrive when we say we will.
10．He inherited a large fortune(大笔的钱) from his uncle, which was quite unexpected to him.
完成句子
1．我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。
My advisor encouraged__me__to__take__a__summer__course to improve my writing skills.
2．她向我们明确表示，无论如何她都不会取消旅行。
She made__it__clear__to__us__that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip.
3．杰克，你能看见远处水面上漂浮着红色的东西吗？
Jack, can you see something red floating in__the__distance on the water?
4．他们将在学校门口见面。
They are__to__meet at the gate of the school.
5．(浙江卷)应当鼓励学生养成良好的习惯，行为更加规矩。
Students should be__encouraged__to__develop__good__habits and better behave themselves.
单句语法填空
1．I think she has many good qualities(quality) besides being very beautiful.
2．As usual, Mr. Marshal began his lecture with a joke.
3．It was her teacher’s encouragement(encourage) that led her into acting when she was young.
4．The museum to be visited was within easy walking distance(distant) of the hotel.
5．He is too anxious to__know(know) the result of the final examination.
6．I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English program on the radio.
7．(陕西卷)He promised that he would come, but he hasn’t turned up yet.
8．Now there are many young men dreaming of making a fortune without hard work.
9．You must have your trip plan worked(work) out before you start off.
10．There was a queue of people waiting with patience(patient) for the bus to arrive.
阅读理解
A
A friend is better than money. A friend is worse than poison in some cases. The two sentences above have opposite meanings and seem to be unreasonable, but they can be explained as follows: the first refers to all good friends who drive us towards good while the second all bad ones who lead us into bad ways.
My ideal(理想的) friend is of course a good friend whose goodness is shown below—he has no bad habits, such as smoking and drinking. He lives in frugality(节俭). He studies hard so as not to waste his golden time. At home he honors his parents and loves his brothers; at school he respects his teachers and shares the feelings of his classmates. He treats those truly who are true to him. In a word, he has all the good characteristics(特征) that I don’t have. I can follow him as a model. With his help I can be free from all difficulties.
Indeed, if I have such a person as my friend, I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the existence of the word “failure”．
【解题导语】 好朋友比金钱更重要，而坏朋友却比毒药更糟糕，那么我们理想的朋友应该是什么样的呢？本篇文章的作者给出了自己的观点。
1．This passage mainly tells us ________．
A．how to make friends with others
B．how to help friends
C．what kind of person the writer’s friend is
D．what kind of person we should make friends with
D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本篇文章主要讲的是我们应该与什么样的人做朋友，故选D。
2．According to the writer, an ideal friend refers to ________．
A．a friend without bad habits
B．a famous man
C．a perfect man
D．a respectable man
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，作者认为理想的朋友指的是没有坏习惯，生活节俭，学习用功，不浪费黄金时间的人，故C项最符合题意。
3．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The writer and his ideal friend have a lot to learn from each other.
B．The writer has a lot to learn from his ideal friend.
C．The writer’s ideal friend has a lot to learn from him.
D．The writer has only a little to learn from his ideal friend.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句“I can follow him as a model.”可知作者有许多向理想中的朋友学习的地方，故选B。
4．From the second paragraph, we can infer the writer is sure that ________．
A．friendship means a great deal to him
B．nothing can be done without friends
C．he who does not smoke or drink must be a good friend
D．good friends should always help each other
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知作者认为理想中的朋友应该有许多作者没有的好品质，作者可以向他学习，在他的帮助下作者可以免受所有的困难，因此对作者来说，友谊意味着很多。故A项符合题意。
B
Students from Oceanside High School in Rockland will be able to sleep in a little longer from this autumn.
Regional School Unit 13 Superintendent(负责人) Lew Collins said during the school’s Thursday night meeting that the schedule(时间表) for the schools will be changed. Oceanside East and West will start a half hour later, at 8 a．m. for their new school year.
Research has shown that teenagers’ brains are often not fully awake at 6：30 a．m. Collins said the schedule, which is used to get students to school for classes that begin at 7：30 a．m., calls for some to get on buses before 6 a．m. to get to school on time. Teachers are having meetings at 6：40 a．m., which is too early, he thinks.
Collins visited the high schools in Rockland and asked students when they would like classes to begin. Most of them said 8：00 a．m.“I was surprised. I thought they would have said 9：00 or 10：00，”he said.
The National Sleep Foundation says on its website that teenagers’ biological clocks(生物钟) are designed to stay up later and get up later. The Foundation called for schools to change their schedules, which means a later start as well for elementary students(小学生)．
“We do not have enough buses to run, since all the high school and elementary school buses run almost at the same time，” Collins said. He suggested，“We should buy six more buses and get six more drivers to keep the new schedule working.”
Elementary school classes in Rockland now start at 8：30 a．m., but will be moved to 8：45 a．m., starting in the autumn.“I know this is a problem for working parents, but we will see what we can come up with，”said Jane Brown, a teacher at Bardonia Elementary School.“Anyway, I believe if students get more sleep they’ll be more ready to learn when classes start，”she added.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。考虑到学生们的身体特点，Rockland的学校将要推迟上课时间。
5．A new schedule will be made to ________．
A．add more interesting subjects
B．help students do better in class
C．ask parents to learn about schools
D．cut the number of meetings down
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“teenagers’ brains are often not fully awake at 6：30 a．m.”和第五段中的“teenagers’ biological clocks(生物钟) are designed to stay up later and get up later”可知，制定新时间表的目的是为了符合孩子们的睡眠规律以便他们在课堂上拥有更好的状态，故选B项。
6．One of the problems facing the schools in Rockland is that they will ________．
A．be afraid of working parents’ disturbance
B．be worried about children’s safety
C．be short of school buses
D．be short of teachers
C 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“We do not have enough buses to run”等信息可知，问题之一便是缺少校车，故选C项。
7．What does Jane Brown think of the new schedule?
A．She is not certain about it.
B．She is not interested in it.
C．She is worried about it.
D．She is hopeful about it.
D 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中Jane Brown所说的“I believe if students get more sleep they’ll be more ready to learn when classes start”可知，对于新时间表她是满怀信心的，故选D项。
七选五
How to Make Friends at a New School
Starting with a new school can be difficult.Everything seems to be different, and you don’t even know where to go for your own classes.1.________ However, if you use these skills, you can quickly turn some of those strangers into friends.
Be yourself.
2．________ If some people don’t accept you, they’re not the kind of friends you need.People often stay together because they have similar interests.For example, someone who does a lot of sports may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot.
3．________
Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school.If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad, do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you.Also, remember to be as helpful as possible!
Believe in yourself.
A smile goes a long way.When you walk in the halls, don’t keep your eyes on the floor.Raise your head and make eye contact with other people.4.________ Introduce yourself.Tell them your name and where you’re from.
Remember people’s names.
You like it when people use your name, and so do other people.5.________ Besides, ask them in a kind way if they have a nickname(昵称)．You’d be surprised how often this might come in handy.
A．Be friendly to others.
B．Making new friends can be hard, too.
C．Join after?school activities you like.
D．Never change who you are to try and fit in.
E．If you see someone you know, smile or say “Hi” .
F．People may become angry if you just begin by saying “Hey” each time.
G．Don’t sit at the back of the classroom where other people don’t notice you!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种在新学校结交朋友的方法。
1．B 解析：由该空后的However, if you use...strangers into friends.可知，这里是说结交新朋友也会很难，故选B项。
2．D 解析：由该段标题Be yourself.和该空后的说明可知，D项内容符合此处语境。
3．A 解析：由该段中的Remember to be nice...at your new school.和remember to be as helpful as possible等信息可知，本段主要是讲要对他人友善，故用A项作为小标题最恰当。
4．E 解析：由该空前后的make eye contact with other people和Introduce yourself.等信息可知，E项内容符合此处语境。
5．F 解析：由该段标题Remember people’s names.和该空前的You like it when people use your name, and so do other people.可知，记住别人的名字非常重要，如果你每次都称呼对方 “嘿” ，他们可能会生气，故选F项。
语法填空
Mountain climbing is a sport different from rock climbing. Mountain climbing equipment therefore differs 1.____________ rock climbing equipment sometimes, 2.____________ the two sports do have many pieces of equipment in common.
Perhaps 3.____________ most common piece of mountain climbing equipment is the carabiner, 4.____________ is a metal
hook(挂钩) with a gate that opens and closes to make a rope through it. This piece of equipment is used for a variety of purposes, and most 5.____________(climber) have several carabiners on hand during a climb.
Mountain climbers also 6.____________(usual) use a tool called an ice axe(冰镐). This tool is used for different purposes according to 7.____________(it) design: some ice axes are designed for climbing pieces of ice, and they are used together with another piece of mountain climbing equipment 8.____________(know) as crampons. Crampons have sharp metal teeth that 9.____________(connect) with the climber’s shoes. The ice axes used for climbing often feature a bend in the handle, and people often choose the ice axe that 10.____________(be) narrow and strong enough to be plunged(穿入) into hard ice repeatedly. The teeth of the crampon are also narrow and quite hard for the same purposes.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了几种登山工具。
1．from 解析：考查介词。differ from sth.与……不一样。
2．though/although 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，登山是一种与攀岩不同的运动。尽管这两项运动的很多装备一样，但还是有些装备不一样。故填though/although。
3．the 解析：考查冠词。因为此空后面是形容词的最高级，故用定冠词the。
4．which 解析：考查关系代词。因为此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且先行词为carabiner，指物，故用关系代词which。
5．climbers 解析：考查名词的数。因为前面是most修饰，且climber是可数名词，故填climbers。
6．usually 解析：考查副词。此处是用来修饰动词use，故用其副词形式，故填usually。
7．its 解析：考查代词。此处it指代前面的This tool，又因为修饰的是名词，故用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
8．known 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是作后置定语，且equipment与know构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
9．are connected 解析：考查动词的语态。因为sharp metal teeth与connect构成动宾关系，故填are connected。
10．is 解析：考查主谓一致。因为主语that指代the ice axe，故谓语动词用单数，故填is。
(共26张PPT)
Unit 4 Friends forever
which/that
who/that
who/that
that
that
who/whom/that
that/which
which/that
that
whose
that has been shown this year
which/that is grown in the north
that I have ever known
of China
which/that we visited last year
the student whose parents work in
who volunteer to go to the west
America
exist
anxiety
lose one’s temper
turn a deaf ear to
quarrel
be on bad terms with sb.
keep...in mind
in return
are easy to lose their temper
They sometimes quarrel with others.They even turn a deaf ear to their parents and teachers.It is very disappointing.
making our
We are on bad terms with them and we can have a heart?to?heart chat with our friends，teachers or parents.
efforts to improve the situation
They sometimes quarrel with others, and even turn a deaf ear
to their parents and teachers, which is very disappointing.
When we are on bad terms with them, we can have a heart?
to?heart chat with our friends, teachers or parents.
本部分内容讲解结束
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Section Ⅲ Using language & Writing
定语从句(1)
定义
1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2．关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。
关系代词的用法
1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
◆Here comes the girl who wants to see you.
想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)
◆Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
◆Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语)
3．whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。
◆Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(whose引导定语从句作定语)
◆He lives in a room whose window faces north.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(修饰物)
4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
◆China is a country which has a long history.
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)
◆The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn’t work.
他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)
◆This is the house in which I once lived.
这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)
5．that即可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用that。
◆This is the novel that interests me.
这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)
◆The magazine(that) I bought yesterday is lost.
我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)
只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况
1．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
◆The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
◆This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
2．先行词是不定代词，如all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none等时。
◆Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
◆All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
3．先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
◆I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。
◆The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
◆We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
5．当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。
◆Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?
你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？
用适当的关系词填空
1．The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring which/that he had lost on the train.
2．The children who/that were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
3．The woman who/that is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor.
4．This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.
5．She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
6．Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet.
7．Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?
8．The picture which/that was about the accident was terrible.
9．This is the very hotel that I stayed at when I was travelling here.
10．The child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
语法与写作
1．This is the best film that has been shown this year(今年放映过的)．
2．Wheat is a kind of plant which/that is grown in the north of China(中国北方种植的)．
3．He is the most careful boy that I have ever known(我所知道的)．
4．This is the factory which/that we visited last year(我们去年参观过的)．
5．Mr. Liu wants to talk to the student whose parents work in America(父母在美国工作的学生)．
6．Those who volunteer to go to the west(想自愿去西部的人) have signed their names.
有关人际关系、友谊的文章
eq \a\vs4\al() 文体感知
与人际关系、友谊相关的文章的体裁以议论文为主。议论文的写作是就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己的看法。一般说来，议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分构成，通常按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排写作。
eq \a\vs4\al() 增分佳句
1．He is honest and always ready to help others.
2．He is very kind and talkative.
3．It goes without saying that...
4．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
5．A life without a friend is a life without the sun.
6．He is such a warm?hearted man that we all admire him very much.
eq \a\vs4\al() 写作要求
你校某研究学习小组正在开展关于“处理学生与家长、老师、同学之间的关系”的调查。请你就这一话题，按照下列要点写一篇80词左右的英语短文。
1．现状：关系处理总体情况较好，但仍存在一些问题，如与同学吵架、不听家长和老师的建议等。
2．你个人的改进意见(至少两条)。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
eq \a\vs4\al() 审题谋篇
项目 结论
体裁 议论文
话题 处理人际关系
时态 一般现在时
人称 第一、三人称
eq \a\vs4\al() 词句推敲
1．词汇
①存在 exist
②焦虑 anxiety
③发脾气 lose one’s temper
④对……充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to
⑤吵架 quarrel
⑥与某人关系不好 be on bad terms with sb.
⑦记住…… keep...in mind
⑧反过来 in return
2．完成句子
①一些学生因为焦虑和学习负担很容易发脾气。
Some students are easy to lose their temper because of anxiety and study burden.
②他们有时和别人吵架，甚至对父母和老师的意见充耳不闻，这很让人失望。
They sometimes quarrel with others.They even turn a deaf ear to their parents and teachers.It is very disappointing.
③在我看来，我建议我们高中学生应努力改善这种情况。
In my opinion，I suggest us senior school students making our efforts to improve the situation．
④我们和朋友、老师或者父母关系不好，我们可以敞开心扉地和他们聊天。
We are on bad terms with them and we can have a heart?to?heart chat with our friends，teachers or parents.
3．句式升级
⑤用并列句和非限制性定语从句升级句②
They sometimes quarrel with others, and even turn a deaf ear to their parents and teachers, which is very disappointing.
⑥用when引导的时间状语从句升级句④
When we are on bad terms with them, we can have a heart?to?heart chat with our friends, teachers or parents.
eq \a\vs4\al() 妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
A survey about the relationship between students and teachers, family members and classmates is being made by a research study group of our school.
Generally speaking, we get on well with each other.However, there still exist some problems.Some students are easy to lose their temper because of anxiety and study burden.What’s worse, they sometimes quarrel with others, and even turn a deaf ear to their parents and teachers, which is very disappointing.
In my opinion, I suggest us senior school students making our efforts to improve the situation.First, we should respect our parents and teachers as well as our classmates.Second, when we are on bad terms with them, we can have a heart?to?heart chat with our friends, teachers or parents.We should keep their advantages in mind and apologise to them.In return, they will forgive us from the bottom of their hearts.
单句语法填空
1．I still remember the earthquake that/which happened in 2008 in Sichuan.
2．Have you read the book which/that was written by Anne Frank?
3．The first thing that he did after arriving home was doing his homework.
4．Is this the teacher who/that rescued several students from the burning building?
5．Do you know the lady who/that our English teacher is talking with under the big tree?
6．It is the tallest building that Daming has ever seen since he came here.
7．My father bought a new bike for me whose price added up to more than 1，000 yuan.
8．She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.
9．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
10．The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
阅读理解
Dear Dani，My friend makes up stories about things she has done all the time and other people at school believe her. What should I do?Anna
Dani says：Often people make things up because they’re worried that they are not interesting. So let your friend know that she doesn’t need stories to make friends or impress(给……留下深刻印象) others. Point out that when others discover the truth, they won’t be impressed at all.
Dear Dani，I have two best friends and they’re always leaving me out! They never invite me to anything. What can I do?TomDani says：Groups of three can be very difficult because one person often gets left out. Your friends may not realize how you feel. Talk to them about this and agree to plan the next outing together. With a bit of effort, a group of three can be a wonderful friendship!
Dear Dani，I told my friend a secret, but then I found out she told it to somebody else. What can I do?DaisyDani says：We all make mistakes so give your friend another chance. But tell her that your secret is important to you and that she must not do this again. If your friend finds it hard to keep a secret, be careful what you tell her in future.
Dear Dani，I’m friends with a boy, but some girls keep laughing at me about it. Can’t girls be friends with boys as well?Mary
Dani says：Of course girls can be friends with boys. Some girls laugh at this because they don’t really know any boys. Carry on enjoying your friendship. If the girls got to know this boy, they might stop teasing you. Why not invite one or two of them along next time you meet him?
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。Dani就四个读者在交友过程中遇到的问题给予了合理的建议。
1．Whose friend has a big mouth?
A．Tom. B．Mary.
C．Anna. D．Daisy.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据Daisy写信的内容可知，她的朋友将她的秘密告诉了其他人，由此可知答案。
2．The underlined word“teasing”in the last paragraph probably means “________”．
A．avoiding B．hating
C．making fun of D．taking pity on
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一封信中的“some girls keep laughing at me about it”和“Some girls laugh at this”可知，tease意为“嘲笑”。
3．We can infer from the text that Dani is probably a(n) ________．
A．adviser B．storyteller
C．researcher D．teacher
A 解析：推理判断题。文中的四封信都是写给Dani的，而且Dani给他们一一回复并给出了建议，由此可知，Dani很可能是某个专栏的顾问。
语法填空
Do you want to become a dancer? If so, the 1.____________(early) you start learning about and practicing dance, the better. Many professional dancers started taking dance lessons when 2.____________ were children. Earning a college degree 3.____________(suggest) if anyone wants to become a dancer, because it can help them get other work if needed. Also, dancers with a degree may have the choice of 4.____________(teach) dance.
Becoming a professional dancer is probably only a dream, 5.____________ it can happen if a talented person works hard. Those who wish 6.____________(become) dancers must be in good shape and work hard to keep 7.____________ shape.
Dancers must have creative expression, being able to express 8.____________(think) and feeling through dance. It takes practice to do this well. If you want to become a dancer, it’s usually a good idea to dance to a variety of music before choosing one to pursue.
Dancing in a small part in a local show for low or even no pay may be 9.____________ way to start a professional dance career. Experience is needed to develop your style in dance. Small dancing parts lead to bigger ones if you are quite 10.____________(energy) and hardworking.
【解题导语】 想当一名专业的舞蹈家是不容易的，但是通过努力也是能实现的。
1．earlier 解析：考查副词的比较级。此处是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”句型。
2．they 解析：考查代词。这里用they指代前面提到的Many professional dancers。
3．is suggested 解析：考查动词的时态与语态。此处Earning a college degree与suggest之间是被动关系，且本句应为一般现在时，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。
4．teaching 解析：考查非谓语动词。of是介词，后跟动名词形式。
5．but 解析：考查连词。前后两句是转折的关系，故用but连接。
6．to become 解析：考查非谓语动词。wish后面接不定式形式的非谓语动词，构成wish to do sth.结构。
7．in 解析：考查介词。keep in shape是固定搭配，指“保持体形”。
8．thoughts 解析：考查名词。根据后面的feelings可知此处用名词形式，意为“想法”。
9．a 解析：考查冠词。way是第一次提到的单数可数名词，故用a修饰，表泛指。
10．energetic 解析：考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，与后面的hardworking并列。
应用文写作
假设你是李华，你的英国网友Linda最近在中国学习。她写信向你诉说了她的困扰：不适应新的生活和学习环境，想家，并感到很焦虑。请你根据以下要点给她写一封回信。
要点如下：
1．表示理解并给予安慰；
2．提出建议并给出理由。
注意：词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)。
Hi, Linda，
I’m sorry to learn that you are having such a bad time._________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Hi,__Linda，
I’m__sorry__to__learn__that__you__are__having__such__a__bad__time. Actually, most people will feel homesick and anxious when they leave home and come to a new place, especially a foreign country. So don’t worry too much.
Here are some tips for you. First, you’d better try to change some of your habits so that you can get used to the new environment as soon as possible. Second, make more new friends, who can share their hobbies and ideas with you. You will feel less homesick with many friends around you. Third, you should take part in some social activities. It will help you learn more about the local customs and cultures.
I hope my advice will be useful.
Yours，
Li__Hua
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Many years earlier, my__mother knew that she could not send me to college and pay for it. She worked in a retail store and made just enough to pay the bills and take care of the other children at home. If I wanted to go to college, it was up to me to find out how to get there.
I found that I qualified for some grants because of the size of our family, my mom’s income and my SAT scores. There was enough to cover school and books, but not enough for room and board. I accepted a job as part of a work－study__program. While not attractive, it was one I could do. I washed dishes in the school cafeteria.
Just when I thought I was going to drop out of my college career, an angel appeared. Well, one of those that are on earth, without wings.“I heard that you need some help，”he said.“What do you mean？”I asked, trying to figure__out which area of my life he meant.“Financially, to stay in school.”“Well, I make it okay. I just have trouble working all these hours and finding no time to study.”“Well, I think I have a way to help you out.”
He went on to explain that his grandparents needed help on the weekends. All that was required of me was cooking meals and helping them get in and out of bed in the morning and evening. The job paid four hundred dollars a month, twice the money I was making washing__dishes. Now I would have time to study. I went to meet his grandparents and accepted the job.
My first discovery was his grandmother’s great love of music. She spent hours playing her old, off－key piano. One day, she told me I didn’t have enough fun in my life and took it upon herself to teach me the art. Grandma was impressed with my ability and encouraged me to continue. Weekends in their house became more than just books and cooking, they were filled with the wonderful sounds of the out－of－tune piano and two very out－of－tune singers.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
When Christmas break came, Grandma got a chest cold, and I was afraid to leave her.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
The envelope was from Grandma._____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
When Christmas break came, Grandma got a chest cold, and I was afraid to leave her. I hadn’t been home since Labor Day, and my mother was anxious to see me. I agreed to come home, but for two weeks instead of four, so I could return to see Grandma and Grandpa. I said my good－byes, arranged for their temporary care and returned home. As I was loading my car to go back to school, the phone rang. “Grandma died last night. I’m sorry.”I hung up the phone feeling like my world had ended. I had lost my friend, and that was far worse than knowing I would have to return to washing__dishes. I went back at the end of four weeks, asking to begin the work－study__program again. The financial aid advisor looked at me as if I had lost my mind. I explained my position, then he smiled and slid me an envelope.“This is for you，”he said.
Paragraph 2：
The envelope was from Grandma. She had known how sick she was. In the envelope was enough money to pay for the rest of my college year and a request that I take piano lessons in her memory. Moved to tears, I determined to learn piano lessons by heart and my memory of grandma motivated me to practice day and night. Now, years later, when I walk by a piano, I smile and think of Grandma. She is playing the piano smilingly in heaven, I am sure.
《远大前程》又译《孤星血泪》，是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯晚年写成的长篇小说。故事背景为1812年圣诞节前夕至1840年冬天，主角孤儿皮普(Pip)以自传式手法，叙述从7岁开始的三个人生阶段。
[词句积累]
1．manage/?m?nId?/vi.
设法做成；运用
2．blacksmith/?bl?ksmIθ/n.铁匠；锻工
3．gravestone/?ɡreIvst??n/n.墓碑，基石
4．marsh/mar?/n.沼泽；湿地
5．He was a big man, dressed all in grey, with an iron chain on his leg .
分析：该句为简单句，形容词短语dressed all in grey修饰a big man作后置定语，with复合结构也作定语，修饰a big man。
Great Expectations(excerpt)
My first name was Philip, but when I was a small child I could only manage to say Pip.
So Pip was what everybody called me.
I lived in a small village in Essex with my sister, who was over twenty years older than me, and married to Joe Gargery, the village blacksmith.
My parents had died when I was a baby, so I could not remember them at all, but quite often I used to visit the churchyard, about a mile from the village, to look at their names on their gravestones.
My first memory is of sitting on a gravestone in that churchyard one cold, grey, December afternoon, looking out at the dark, flat, wild marshes divided by the black line of the River Thames, and listening to the rushing sound of the sea in the distance.
“Don’t say a word！” Cried a terrible voice, as a man jumped up from among the graves and caught hold of me.
“If you shout I’ll cut your throat！”
He was a big man, dressed all in grey, with an iron chain on his leg. His clothes were wet and torn. He looked exhausted, and hungry, and very fierce.
I had never been so frightened in my whole life.
“Oh！Don’t cut my throat，sir！” I begged in terror.
“Tell me your name, boy！Quick！” He said, still holding me. “And show me where you live！”
“My name’s Pip，sir. And I live in the village over there.”
He picked me up and turned me upside down.
Nothing fell out of my pocket except a piece of old bread. He ate it in two bites, like a dog, and put me back on the gravestone.
“So where are your father and mother？” He asked.
“There, sir，” I answered, pointing to their graves.
“What！” He cried, and was about to run, when he saw where I was pointing. “Oh！” He said.
《远大前程》(节选)
我的教名叫菲利普，但是在我还是个小孩子的时候，我仅会说皮普。
因此，皮普就成了大家叫我的名字。
我与姐姐住在埃森克斯的一个小村庄，姐姐比我大20多岁，她与村里的铁匠乔·葛吉瑞结了婚。
当我还是一个婴儿时，父母就离开了人间，所以我不记得他们的一切情况，但是，我常常去离村庄大约1英里的教堂墓地，瞻仰墓碑上他们的名字。
我最初的记忆是在十二月份一个寒冷的、天色阴沉的下午，坐在那个教堂墓地的一块墓石上。看到的是被那黑色泰晤士河分割成的一片黑压压的沼泽荒地，听到的是从远处大海刮来的嗖嗖的呼啸声。
“别出声！”一个凶恶的声音大喊起来，这时，从墓地里窜出一个人来，一把抓住我。
“如果你叫喊我就割断你的喉咙！”
他身材高大，穿着一身灰色衣服，腿上拴着一副脚镣。他的衣服湿漉漉的，并且破烂不堪，看上去筋疲力尽、饥寒交迫又十分凶残的样子。
我在一生中从没有如此害怕过。
“噢！先生，不要割断我的喉咙！”我害怕地乞求着。
“小子，告诉我你叫什么名字！快点！”他仍然抓着我说。“指给我看你住在哪儿！”
“先生，我叫皮普，我住在那边的村庄里。”
他抓起我，又把我按倒在地。
我的口袋里除了一块剩面包外一无所有，他狼吞虎咽地两口吃下，又把我放回墓石上。
“那么，你的爸爸妈妈在哪儿？”他问道。
“先生，在那儿，”我指着那里的坟墓回答。
当他看到我所指的地方时，“什么！”他叫起来拔腿就要跑。“噢！”他说。
(共12张PPT)
Unit 4 Friends forever
advanced
advances
in
Unit 4 Friends forever
to get
to
to seek
encouragement
to take
patiently
patience
to go
about/for
Anxiously
anxiety
set
to be chosen
fortunate
Fortunately
fortunate
fortune
distance
in the distance
at/from a distance
lose track of
thanks to
stay in touch with
be up to
keep in mind
long for
set (a play, novel, etc.) in
turn up
Thanks to
Keep in mind
up to
long for
lost track of
Whatever difficulties you meet in your life
makes it possible for us to live
who/that spoke to the headmaster just
that/which they’re talking about
who was a famous
now?
American writer
that/which I gave to her
whose father is a Chinese
which/that is more than
100 years old
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.①It is wise for China to take in the advanced(advance) technology from some developed countries.
②There have been great advances(advance) in medicine in the last ten years.
③I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
2.In a word, good listening can really enable us to get(get) closer to each other.
3.①Mom was usually busy tending to my younger sisters.
②Which sleeping position shows that the sleeper tends to seek(seek) perfection？
4.①With her encouragement(encourage), I decided to seize the chance.
②My teacher encouraged me to take(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills.
5.①He was angry, but he listened to me patiently(patient).
②Success partly depends on whether you have the patience(patient) to do simple things perfectly.
6.①She is anxious to go(go) to college now，but anxious about/for not passing the 2020 College Entrance Examination.
②(2018·天津卷)Anxiously(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
③When I entered the room, she was waiting with anxiety(anxious) by the phone.
7.The play set(set) in the early days of World War Two is popular with the old people.
8.①(牛津词典)I had the good fortune to be chosen(choose) for a trip abroad.
②He was fortunate(fortune) enough to make a fortune by lottery.
③Fortunately, he came to the new island safely.It was also fortunate for him to make his fortune there.(fortune)
9.①What is the distance(distant) between the sun and the earth？
②On a clear day you can see the temple in the distance(在远处).
③The picture looks better at/from a distance(在稍远处).
重点短语
会书写
1.lose track of 失去联系
2.thanks to 由于，幸亏
3.stay in touch with 与……保持联系
4.be up to 正在忙于(做)某事
5.keep in mind 记住
6.long for 渴望
7.set (a play, novel, etc.) in 设置(戏剧、小说等)
8.turn up (意外地或终于)出现
会应用
1.Thanks to your help, we finished the task in time.
2.Keep in mind that the bank will be closed tomorrow.
3.In my opinion, he is not really up to the job.
4.Freedom is perhaps what we all long for.
5.We used to be friends, but lost track of each other afterwards.
重点句型
1.whatever引导让步状语从句
Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
[仿写] 不管人生中遇到什么困难，你都应该内心保持信心。
Whatever difficulties you meet in your life, you should always keep confidence inside.
2.it作形式宾语
This makes it clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice.
[仿写] 新的法律使我们生活在无烟环境中成为可能。
The new law makes it possible for us to live without smoking.
单元语法
句型转换
1．Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now.
→Do you know the man who/that spoke to the headmaster just now?
2．I have seen the film. They’re talking about the film.
→I have seen the film that/which they’re talking about．
3．The book was written by Mark Twain. He was a famous American writer.
→The book was written by Mark Twain who was a famous American writer．
4．Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.
→Last week Mary wore the dress that/which I gave to her．
5．The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese.
→The girl whose father is a Chinese is from America.
6．My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.
→My grandparents live in a house which/that is more than 100 years old．
单元过关检测(四)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where is Katie probably now?
A．At home.
B．On her way.
C．In a car shop.
2．What is the woman worried about?
A．Her books.
B．Her friend Lisa.
C．Her new dormitory.
3．Which sport does the man like best?
A．Football. B．Volleyball. C．Tennis.
4．What does the man probably want to be?
A．An actor. B．An athlete. C．A scientist.
5．Why didn’t Mary sleep well?
A．She had a headache.
B．She had a stomachache.
C．She was troubled by the noise.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where will the woman go for her holiday?
A．Dalian. B．Lijiang. C．Dali.
7．How will the woman travel there?
A．By air. B．By train. C．By car.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What does the man think of Tina?
A．Lazy. B．Forgetful. C．Careless.
9．What happened to the man’s notes?
A．Alice lost them.
B．Tina lost them.
C．Lily lost them.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Which country will the man travel to?
A．Thailand. B．Singapore. C．Laos.
11．What won’t the man do during the trip?
A．Visit old villages.
B．Do some hiking.
C．Take a boat trip.
12．How much will the man pay in all?
A．$2，430. B．$2，730. C．$2，830.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Why does the woman call the man?
A．To ask about a party.
B．To tell him her plans.
C．To invite him to go to see a movie.
14．Why will the man’s brother throw a party?
A．He wants to surprise David.
B．It’s his birthday next Tuesday.
C．It’s David’s birthday next week.
15．What will the woman do this Tuesday?
A．Go to the cinema.
B．Go to a party.
C．Read at home.
16．When will the two speakers meet this Wednesday?
A．At 6：30 pm.
B．At 7：00 pm.
C．At 7：30 pm.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is The Bookworm?
A．A festival. B．A café. C．A club.
18．Who is Peter Hessler?
A．A photographer.
B．A waiter.
C．A writer.
19．What was the speaker excited about?
A．Hearing a famous band play music.
B．Hearing someone give a speech.
C．Finding his favorite magazine.
20．What was the speaker’s mistake?
A．It was the wrong place.
B．It was the wrong year.
C．It was the wrong day.
答案：1－5.BAABC 6－10.BACBC 11－15.BBCAC 16－20.BBCBB
听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Honey, do you know what time Katie will be home?
W：Uh, she should be here any minute. She took the car to pick up something from the bookstore.①
(Text 2)
W：Lisa said she mailed me some books, but they never came.②
M：Well, you just moved into a new dormitory. She probably sent them out before she had your new address.
(Text 3)
M：Do you like playing volleyball?
W：Yes. I often play it with my friends, but my favorite sport is tennis.
M：I love playing tennis, too, but I like football best.③
(Text 4)
W：In the future I hope to be a movie actress.
M：Why do you want to be a movie actress?
W：It’s because I love acting. So what’s your dream?
M：I used to dream of becoming a scientist. Now I’m really interested in running.④
(Text 5)
M：What’s the matter with you, Mary? You looked tired.
W：I didn’t sleep well last night.
M：A stomachache or headache?
W：Neither. It was the noise.⑤ It almost drove me mad.
(Text 6)
M：Hi, Jane. Where are you going this holiday?
W：My family and I had planned to go to Dalian, but recently we changed our minds and decided to go to Lijiang.⑥
M：Ah, that’s great! You know I’ve always dreamed of going to Dali and Lijiang. Will you go by train or by car?
W：Neither. Actually, we’ll fly.⑦ We went to a travel agency last month, and they’ve made all the arrangements. We will set off next Monday.
M：Sounds wonderful. I’m sure you’ll have a good time. I hope you really enjoy yourselves.
W：Thanks. I hope so, too.
(Text 7)
M：Alice, why the long face?
W：I can’t believe it. I lent my new book to Tina last week and this morning she told me she had lost it.
M：I’m sorry to hear that, but I’m not surprised. She often loses things.⑧
W：Have you lent anything to her before?
M：Oh, yes. I lent my notes to her last month and she never returned them to me. She told me she could no longer find them.⑨
W：So you lost your notes?
M：Yes, I had to borrow Lily’s and copy them. Anyway, I won’t lend anything to Tina again.
W：Me neither.
(Text 8)
W：What’s your plan for the summer, Mike?
M：I’m going to visit a country in Southeast Asia.
W：Are you going to Singapore or Thailand? I know those are both popular tourist destinations.
M：No. I’m going to Laos.⑩ I’m really interested in its ancient temples and old villages. I think it’s a good chance for me to learn about the culture and history there.
W：That sounds like a wonderful opportunity. What else do you plan to do there?
M：I think I’ll take a boat trip along a river.
W：How about hiking? There are a lot of mountains there.
M：Probably not. I think that hiking in the mountains will be too tiring.?
W：Are you planning to go there by yourself?
M：No. I’ll travel with a group. It’s much cheaper when traveling with a group of people. This trip costs only $2，430 per person with an extra $300 for meals.?
W：Wow！That’s a really good price, if it covers both transportation and hotels! Well, I’m sure you’ll have a great time.
(Text 9)
W：Hello. Is that Mark?
M：Yes, speaking. Who is that, please?
W：This is Maria. Did you know that the film Cinderella is on this week? Would you like to come and see it with me on Tuesday evening？?
M：Oh, I’d love to, but I’m afraid I can’t. I have to go to my brother’s party this Tuesday.
W：Isn’t your brother’s birthday months away?
M：It’s not a birthday party. His friend David is moving to England. He wants to throw him a surprise party before he leaves.?Do you want to come?
W：But I wasn’t invited.
M：I can take someone with me. You can come if you like.
W：I’d rather not. I really don’t like parties. You know, I’m not good at dealing with strangers. I don’t think I’ll have a good time. I’ll just stay at home and read a book.? By the way, what about going to the movie this Wednesday?
M：Sure! That would be fine. What time does it start?
W：At 7：30 pm. Let’s meet at the café in front of the cinema half an hour before the movie begins.?
M：OK.
(Text 10)
I was walking around Beijing the other day when I saw a sign for The Bookworm. It’s a really cool café that? also has great food, and sometimes they have music and other special events. Well, it just so happened that there was a literary festival going on that featured writers and photographers working in China, and I saw that Peter Hessler was going to be speaking at the festival at 7：30 that very night! Peter Hessler is probably my favorite writer at the moment；? he used to write about China for The New Yorker, a famous American magazine, and he also wrote three books about his experiences living and working in Beijing. His writing is really funny and super clever, and I was so excited to hear him speak that I went right over to The Bookworm, booked a seat at the bar, and waited for him to arrive.? I waited and waited, but he still was a no?show. Finally, at 8：30, I asked one of the staff when he was supposed to be there.“Peter Hessler？”the guy replied.“He’s not supposed to be here tonight. He was here last year, though.”It was then that I realized my mistake. I had come on the right day, just not in the right year！?
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共16小题；每小题2.5分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
There’s nothing like Christmas in New York City.Among hundreds of traditions, one of the most beloved is the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s famous Christmas tree.People from around the world visit the Met daily and are impressed(印象深刻的) by the 20?foot tree and its special decorations.
Instead of the usual decorations, beautiful angels(天使) and candles hang from the tree.At the base are lifelike handmade figures of townspeople of Bethlehem doing their daily tasks, as well as animals.The room is warmly lit, and there’s beautiful Christmas songs softly playing, creating a feeling of calm that is really hard to find during Christmas.
Jasmin, an Australian student studying in the United States, says that the tree is “wonderful because you don’t often see trees like this.”And she says that her “favorite part of the tree is the beautiful angels.”
The tree has a rich history behind it.The decorations and figures were gifted to the museum by collector Loretta Hines Howard.More than 200 eighteenth?century figures were given to the Museum starting in 1964, and they have been displayed(展览) each holiday season with a Christmas tree.Each year, new angels and figures are added to the collection and display.
If you want to fully experience the beauty of the figures, you’ll need to get close to the tree, most easily done when there aren’t many visitors surrounding(围绕) it, so try to visit early in the day or on a weekday if possible.Each year they change how the figures are placed and with so many beautiful pieces in the collection, it’s easy to find something new to examine.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在纽约大都会艺术博物馆展出的著名的圣诞树。
21．What is special about the Christmas tree in the Metropolitan Museum of Art?
A．It has a long history.
B．It welcomes visitors all year round.
C．It is displayed with special figures.
D．It is the highest Christmas tree in New York.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的its special decorations和第二段中的Instead of the usual decorations...At the base are lifelike handmade figures...animals.可知， 这棵圣诞树底部周围有一些特殊的塑像， 这使得它与众不同。
22．How do visitors probably feel when entering the display room?
A．Warm. B．Lucky.
C．Peaceful. D．Satisfied.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的The room is warmly lit...calm可知， 展览室有温暖的灯光和柔和的圣诞颂歌， 给人一种平静的感觉。
23．What can we infer about the figures?
A．They grow each year in number.
B．They were made by Loretta Hines Howard.
C．They show people’s life in the 20th century.
D．They are especially popular among young people.
A 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的Each year, new angels...collection and display.可知， 每年都有新的天使和塑像加入到展览当中， 因此， 塑像的数量逐年增加。
24．Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A．Christmas in New York
B．Meet the Magical Christmas Tree
C．The Metropolitan Museum of Art
D．The Perfect Place to Spend Your Christmas
B 解析：标题归纳题。文章介绍了一棵著名的圣诞树， 包括其地理位置、形态特征、特殊之处等。故B项最能概括文章大意。
B
Calvin Gillian didn’t believe that Norway was the place for an adventurous holiday.However, some friends told him to go there and he loved it.
“I’m an extreme?sports maniac．I’ve traveled to many different countries, but I didn’t expect Norway to be a good place for an extreme holiday.Tourists usually visit Norway because of its old viking history or to go fishing and boating in the famous fjords(峡湾) to enjoy a relaxing holiday, or to go climbing to enjoy the beauty of nature.But I didn’t go for fishing; I wanted adventure.”
“Skiing(滑雪) is the best thing you can do in Norway.Svartisen, the Black Ice glacier, is wonderful. The ice is not the usual white but a deep blue color, like the sea. However, you have to wear special clothes, because skiing on a million?year?old glacier can be very dangerous.”
“Then, there is Hunderfossen Family Park or Troll Park.You can go water skiing and ice skating. It is certainly a beautiful place but it is more expensive than visiting other parts of Norway.”
“I also visited the Holmenkollen Ski Jump in Oslo.The view from the top of the ski jump was wonderful and the ski museum was very interesting.I wanted to try a jump but unfortunately, it’s only for professional(职业的) ski?jumpers.Anyway, I was very tired and I needed a break, so I went back to my hotel and got some sleep.”
“Next year, I am going to take my girlfriend to Norway, too. She is having her holiday in Australia now and she wants to have a different type of adventure for next year.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Calvin Gillian在文中介绍了自己的一次挪威之行。
25．How did Calvin Gillian feel about his trip?
A．Bored. B．Relaxed.
C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段末尾的he loved it 以及下文Calvin Gillian介绍他在挪威的具体旅游情况可知，他对此次挪威之行非常满意。
26．The underlined word“maniac”in Para.2 refers to someone who ________．
A．has a strong interest in something
B．has a bad opinion of something
C．expects things to be successful
D．likes to compete with others
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的I didn’t expect Norway to be a good place for an extreme holiday和I wanted adventure以及下文Calvin Gillian尝试的运动项目可知，Calvin Gillian是一个极限运动的狂热爱好者。
27．What did Calvin Gillian do in Norway?
A．Ski?jumping. B．Climbing.
C．Fishing. D．Skiing.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Skiing(滑雪) is the best thing you can do in Norway.可知，Calvin Gillian在挪威玩了滑雪。
28．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Calvin Gillian’s Holiday Plans
B．Travel in Different Countries
C．Historical Places in Norway
D．A Norwegian Adventure
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，Calvin Gillian热爱冒险，喜欢极限运动，并在文中具体介绍了他的一次挪威冒险之旅。因此D项概括了文章主旨，作标题贴切。
C
One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?
Listen—Listen when they are talking. Don’t say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it’s not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.
Help them—If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don’t do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra (额外的) pencil or pen with you to classes in case (以防) they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.
Be there for them—Try to make something for your friend to help make them feel better in hard times. Making cards and encouraging them are among the nicest things you can do for a friend. Marilyn Monroe, a famous US actor, once said，“I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out of control. But if you can’t stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve (值得) to be with me at my best.”Always remember this! If you don’t want to stay with your friends when they’re in hard times, then you don’t deserve to be with them when they’re having a good time!
Make plans—Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you’ll remember these things when you’re all old!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了在学校我们该如何做才能成为别人的好朋友。
29．While your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings, you should ________．
A．give him or her some advice
B．just listen unless asked
C．calm him or her down
D．share your feelings as well
B 解析：细节理解题。从第二段的“Don’t say anything unless they ask you a question.”可知，朋友向你倾诉时，最好默默倾听除非被问及才讲话。
30．When we provide help for our friends, we should ________．
A．try to do everything for them
B．put them before ourselves
C．change their bad habits first
D．ignore their faults
B 解析：细节理解题。从第三段的“You should try to put them first, but make sure you don’t do everything they want you to do.”可知，如果朋友需要帮助，我们应该把对方的利益置于自己之上，故B项正确。
31．What can we learn from Marilyn Monroe’s words?
A．Life without a friend is death.
B．A friend is easier lost than found.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D．A man is known by his friends.
C 解析：推理判断题。从Marilyn Monroe的话可知，真正的朋友应该和自己患难与共。
32．What is the passage mainly about?
A．How to find a good friend.
B．How to help friends in trouble.
C．How to be a good friend.
D．How to make more friends.
C 解析：主旨大意题。从第一段的“But how can you be a good friend at school？”并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了如何做一个好朋友，故选C项。
D
Most people know the feeling when you walk into a lift(电梯)with other people. A study has found that where people stand is based on their social position on entering the lift.
Rebekah Rousi, a Ph.D., did a study of lift behavior in two of the tallest office buildings in Adelaide, Australia. As part of her research, she took a total of 30 lift rides in the two buildings, and discovered there was a fixed order about where people chose to stand.
In her research paper, she wrote that more senior men seemed to walk straight towards the back of the lift. She said，“In front of them were younger men and women of all ages.”She also noticed there was a difference in the direction where people look during the ride.“Men watched the monitors, looked in the side mirrors(in one building)to see themselves, and in the door mirrors(in the other building)to watch others. Women would watch the monitors and avoid looking into others’eyes(unless in conversations)and the mirrors.”
Rebekah Rousi concluded that shyer people stand toward the front, where they won’t see other passengers, while fearless people stand in the back, where they have a good view of everyone else.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述的是人们在电梯里站立的位置主要受人们的社会地位的影响， 不同年龄、不同地位和性格的人在电梯里站立的位置都是不一样的。
33．According to the study, where people stand in a lift is decided by ________．
A．their social position
B．the monitors
C．other passengers
D．others’position
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句A study has found that where people stand is based on their social position on entering the lift. 可知，研究发现人们在电梯里站立的位置通常受他们的社会地位的影响。
34．Who are most likely to go to the back of the lift?
A．Shyer people. B．Senior men.
C．Younger men. D．Women.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句In her research paper, she wrote that more senior men seemed to walk straight towards the back of the lift. 可知年纪比较大的人多喜欢站在电梯靠里一点的地方。
35．Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The order in which people stand in a lift is fixed.
B．Few people feel embarrassed with strangers in a lift.
C．Women like watching themselves in the side mirrors.
D．Fearless people stand in the back to avoid seeing others.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后和第三、四段中的举例可知人们在电梯里站的位置是相对固定的， 是和他们的社会地位相一致的。
36．The passage is probably taken from ________．
A．a lift instruction
B．a story book
C．a travel guide
D．a newspaper
D 解析：文章出处题。本文讲述的是一则研究报告，关于人们在电梯里的站立位置的话题。A项是电梯的使用说明；B项是故事书；C项是旅游报告；D项是报纸。从这四项来说，本文最可能来自报纸。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are alone at Thanksgiving, you may feel very lonely. Below are five tips to help you deal with being alone at Thanksgiving.
Travel. Traveling can be a way to take your mind off being alone for the holiday.37.________ The Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade is held each year during Thanksgiving in New York City.If you do not want to see Thanksgiving altogether, choose a country where Thanksgiving is not celebrated or where it takes place on a different date, such as Canada.
Write letters.Take the day to write letters or emails to family and friends. Get in touch with people you might not normally communicate with. 38.________ Plan on opening it next year to see what you were thinking and feeling, and observe what changes you have made and how things have improved.
Become a sports fan.Thanksgiving can be a great day to become a sports fan. Spend the day watching football games, learning the rules of the sport, and choosing a favorite team.Having a little knowledge about sports can also be helpful when making small talk.39.________
Get in touch with others who are alone.40.________ If you know of co?workers who are spending the holiday alone, ask them if they would like to spend it together.Start your own holiday tradition and plan a Thanksgiving get?together to create new friendships.Play games and get to know each other better.
41．________ Volunteering to help the less fortunate during the holidays will make you feel good and also help reduce your loneliness.Volunteering is also a great way to be thankful for what you have.
A．Help others.
B．Get outdoors.
C．You could even try writing a letter to yourself.
D．Thanksgiving does not have to be spent with family.
E．Try visiting one of the cities holding Thanksgiving celebrations.
F．Thanksgiving Day can be a great time to head out for a nature walk.
G．Next year you might find yourself hosting a Thanksgiving football get?together.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一个人度过感恩节的几种方法。
37．E 解析：根据后文列举的The Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade可知，作者建议去一个有感恩节庆祝活动的城市。
38．C 解析：根据本段后面的内容可知，作者建议读者给自己写信，这样可以在下一年感恩节的时候看看自己的变化。
39．G 解析：本句对前文的叙述作结论：来年的感恩节你或许会举办一个足球聚会。
40．D 解析：本句对标题句作解释，说明感恩节可以和家庭以外的人在一起。
41．A 解析：根据本段所介绍的内容可知，作者建议在感恩节的时候可以做志愿活动，帮助需要帮助的人。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In the future，schools will teach at least one thing we do not teach today：the art of self?discovery.There is nothing more__42__in education.We turn out students from our universities who know how to give answers，but not how to__43__questions.
Our students do not really get into the centres of wisdom in our culture.They__44__universities with skills for the workplace，but with no knowledge of how to live，or what__45__ is for.They are not taught how to see.They are not taught how to listen.They are not taught the great__46__of obedience.
They are not taught the true art of__47__．True reading is not just passing our__48__over words on a page，or__49__information，or even understanding what is being read.True reading is a__50__act.It means seeing first，and then using the__51__．Higher reading ought to be a new subject.As we read，we should try to get something new.I meet people in all__52__of life，and most known in the fields of literature and science，who，though professionals，do not__53__read what is in front of them.They only read what is__54__known to them.I suspect this is happening now，even as you read this__55__.
All our innovations(革新)，our discoveries，our__56__come from one source：being able first to see what is there，and what is not；to hear what is said，and what is not；but also to think clearly.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要描述了未来的学校教育，尤其是大学教育的蓝图，具体阐述了未来教育要教我们现在没有教的一样东西，即自我发现。同时，文章还指出了目前教育中存在的弊端。
42．A.technical B．important
C．serious D．common
B 解析：考查形容词辨析。technical意为“工艺的；科技的；专门的”，important意为“重要的”，serious意为“严肃的，认真的”，common意为“普通的，通常的”。根据语境可知，“自我发现”在教育领域非常重要。important符合语境，故答案选B。
43．A.afford B．tell
C．repeat D．ask
D 解析：考查动词辨析。afford意为“给予，提供；买得起”，tell意为“告诉，说”，repeat意为“重复，复制”，ask意为“问，询问；要求”。根据语境可知，从大学里出来的学生知道如何给出答案却不知道如何提出问题。ask最符合语境，故答案选D。
44．A.attend B．enter
C．leave D．enjoy
C 解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，我们的学生在离开学校后怀有一身的工作技巧，却不了解如何去生活。leave意为“离开”，符合语境；attend意为“出席，参加”，enter意为“进入”，enjoy意为“享受，欣赏”，均不符合语境。故答案选C。
45．A.learning B．working
C．living D．thinking
C 解析：考查动名词辨析。learning意为“学习”，working意为“工作”，living意为“生活”，thinking意为“思考”。根据上下文语境可知，我们的学生也不知道生活是为了什么。living最符合语境，故答案选C。
46．A.art B．theme
C．idea D．style
A 解析：考查名词辨析。art意为“艺术”，theme意为“主题”，idea意为“观点，想法”，style意为“风格”。根据下文中的“the true art of”可知，此处应该是指“我们的学生没有被告知遵从的艺术”，所以此处选art最符合语境，故答案选A。
47．A.listening B．speaking
C．reading D．writing
C 解析：考查动名词辨析。listening意为“听”，speaking意为“说”，reading意为“读”，writing意为“写”。根据后面的句子“True reading is not just passing...”可知，此处应选reading。故答案选C。
48．A.lips B．arms
C．hands D．eyes
D 解析：考查名词辨析。lip意为“嘴唇”，arm意为“手臂”，hand意为“手”，eye意为“眼睛”。根据下文中的“It means seeing first...”可知，此处应该是指“真正的阅读不仅仅是将纸上的文字从眼睛里过一遍”。eye最符合语境，故答案选D。
49．A.gathering B．delivering
C．sending D．passing
A 解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，真正的阅读也不仅仅是收集信息。gather意为“收集，聚集”，符合语境；deliver意为“传送，投递”，send意为“发送，寄”，pass意为“通过；传递”，均不符合语境。故答案选A。
50．A.native B．creative
C．detective D．sensitive
B 解析：考查形容词辨析。native意为“本国的，土著的”，creative意为“创造性的”，detective意为“侦探的”，sensitive意为“敏感的”。根据语境可知，真正的阅读应该是一种创造性的行为。creative最符合语境，故答案选B。
51．A.appreciation B．imagination
C．presentation D．instruction
B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。appreciation意为“欣赏，鉴别”，imagination意为“想象力”，presentation意为“描述，陈述”，instruction意为“命令，指示”。根据语境可知，真正的阅读意味着先阅读，然后再发挥想象力。imagination最符合语境。故答案为B。
52．A.walks B．kinds
C．sides D．items
A 解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我见过各行各业的人……all walks of life为习惯用语，意为“各行各业”，符合句意。kinds意为“种类”，sides意为“方面”，items意为“项目，名目”，均不符合语境，故答案选A。
53．A.generally B．obviously
C．actually D．deliberately
C 解析：考查副词辨析。generally意为“通常地”，obviously意为“明显地”，actually意为“实际上，事实上”，deliberately意为“谨慎地；故意地”。根据语境可知，那些在文学和科技领域很精通的专家实际上也不读那些在他们眼前的东西。actually符合语境，故答案选C。
54．A.even B．forever
C．still D．already
D 解析：考查副词辨析。even意为“甚至，即使”，forever意为“永远”，still意为“仍然”，already意为“已经，早已”。根据语境可知，他们只读那些他们已经了解的东西。already符合语境，故答案选D。
55．A.topic B．page
C．subject D．book
B 解析：考查名词辨析。topic意为“主题”，page意为“页，书页”，subject意为“科目”，book意为“书”。句意：即使当你在阅读这篇文章的时候，我猜想这件事情现在就正在发生。page符合句意，故答案选B。
56．A.creativity B．possibility
C．program D．project
A 解析：考查名词辨析。creativity意为“创造力”，possibility意为“可能性”，program意为“程序；节目”，project意为“工程；计划”。根据前面的“All our innovation(革新)，our discoveries”可知，此处应选与这两个词并列的、意思相近的词语，所以creativity符合语境。故答案选A。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Butterfly conservation is a professional term describing the work of a variety of 57.____________(organize) worldwide that ask for help in species recovery efforts, and public education towards the goal of protecting the 58.____________(endanger) butterfly species in the wild. They 59.____________(actual) exist in many countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States.
The at?risk butterflies face a variety of threats. These include the reduction of breeding(繁殖) or habitat because 60.____________ the act of cutting down trees or natural disasters. Other factors that 61.____________(threat) some varieties of butterflies include hunters, diseases and so on. Butterfly conservation efforts manage 62.____________(reduce) the influence of these threats on specific butterfly species.
In the process of butterfly conservation, the nature of recovery efforts can be different 63.____________(depend) on the needs of a specific population. Some zoos have been engaging in the captive rearing(圈养) and then the wild release of certain butterfly species. 64.____________ example of another type of butterfly recovery effort was 65.____________ they released many caterpillars(毛毛虫) into two United States national parks to support a wild population of Miami blue butterflies in 2004. In some areas, landowners can offer personal help by making 66.____________(they) house a designated(指定的) backyard habitat for butterflies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了蝴蝶保护组织。
57．organizations 解析：考查名词。因为前面是由a variety of修饰，故此处用名词形式，又因organization意为“组织”时是可数名词，故填organizations。
58．endangered 解析：考查形容词。此处应该用形容词作定语修饰butterfly species，故填endangered，意为“濒临灭绝的”。
59．actually 解析：考查副词。此处用来修饰动词exist，故用其副词形式，故填actually。
60．of 解析：考查介词。because of是固定搭配，意为“因为；由于”。
61．threaten 解析：考查动词及主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处需要一个动词，又因为主语是Other factors，故填threaten。
62．to reduce 解析：考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.是固定搭配，意为：设法做成某事。
63．depending 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处现在分词作状语，且逻辑主语与句子主语一致，故填depending。
64．An 解析：考查冠词。因为此处表示泛指，且example的发音是以元音音素开头，故填An。
65．that 解析：考查表语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个表语从句，且从句中不缺成分，故引导词为that，一般不可省略。
66．their 解析：考查代词。因为后面是名词house，故此处需用形容词性物主代词their。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
假设你是李华，是校英语俱乐部的成员。英语俱乐部下次交流的话题是My Hero，请你写一篇英语发言稿，介绍你班身残志坚的同学——王跃。内容包括：
1．他不能正常地走路；
2．他对待生活和学习的态度；
3．你敬佩他的原因。
注意：1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear friends，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you.
One possible version：
Dear__friends，
My name is Li Hua. I would like to share my hero with you, one of my classmates named Wang Yue.
When Wang Yue was born, he suffered from a rare disease, which made him unable to walk normally. As a result, he has to sit in a wheelchair all day. However, Wang Yue stays positive about life. He works hard at his lessons because he has a big dream. His ambition is to become a scientist when he grows up.
Wang Yue is my hero because he never gives up his dream although he has a physical disability. His example inspires us to try our best to make our dreams come true.
That’s__all.__Thank__you.
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was a warm and sunny morning at the Central Park Zoo. Abigail and her classmates were abuzz with__excitement as their school bus entered the zoo park lot. Today, Abigail’s class was going on a field trip to the zoo to learn more about the animals and their natural habitats.
“Before you leave the bus, please make sure you have your buddy！” Mrs. Brown announced. To make sure no one got__lost in the zoo, each student had a buddy (companion/friend). Abigail’s buddy was named Derrick. Derrick loves animals and was also excited to go to the zoo. But sometimes, Derrick does not follow__the__rules and gets in trouble. Abigail hoped that today, Derrick would follow the rules so they would not get in trouble.
While the rest of the students got off the bus, Abigail and Derrick quickly ran off to explore. They found the exhibits for many different kinds of animals and learned a lot about their natural habitats. They saw the elephants playing and they saw giraffes eating. They saw the polar bears sleeping and the monkeys leaping. Abigail asked Derrick：
“Derrick, what is your favorite animal？”
“I think I like chimpanzees best. They have__a__lot__of__energy,__just like me! What animal do you like, Abigail？”
“I love polar bears! I think their lifestyle in the Arctic is very interesting.”
A few hours later, Abigail and Derrick started to feel hungry. They made their way back to the zoo entrance to eat lunch at the Rainforest Cafe. The Rainforest Cafe is both Abigail and Derrick’s favorite restaurant because there is an aquarium inside. The restaurant is also famous for its chocolate cake, which Abigail ordered for dessert after they had finished their lunch.
As Abigail was finishing her cake, Derrick excused himself to go to the restroom. About ten minutes later, a sudden alarm began to go off and a voice came over the loudspeaker.
“Attention! Someone has opened the chimpanzee exhibit! Some chimpanzees have escaped！”
People were screaming and starting to run. Abigail looked for Derrick, but he was nowhere to be found.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
As more and more people ran out of the zoo, Abigail began to think _________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
As Abigail raced up the path to the animal exhibits, she was stopped _______________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
As more and more people ran out of the zoo, Abigail began to think where her buddy,__Derrick could be. She got up from the table quickly and circled back to the restrooms, calling Derrick’s name. There was no answer, so Abigail__left the restaurant. As she looked around the zoo grounds, she remembered that Derrick__had__a__lot__of__energy and had told her that chimpanzees were his favorite animals.__Derrick wouldn’t have left the restaurant to release the chimpanzees，would he? Oh no! Abigail was sure she knew where Derrick had gone.
Paragraph 2：
As Abigail raced up the path to the animal exhibits, she was stopped in her tracks by none other than Derrick himself, with two chimpanzees cradled in his arms. He offered a small, guilty smile. “I didn’t mean to let them escape，” he began. “I just wanted to take them out to play for a little while! I took the key from a zookeeper who wasn’t looking. But then, the lock broke and...” Behind Abigail, Mrs. Brown had begun to walk up the path and saw Derrick holding the animals with__excitement. It was clear from her stern expression that he was in big trouble because he didn’t follow__the__rules．
