你想知道美式英语的发展史吗？让我们通过下面的文章来了解一下吧！
The development of the English language in America can be divided into three periods. The first period is from 1607 to the end of colonial(殖民地的) times.
In this period the population in America was about four million，90 percent of whom came from Britain. The second period covers the expansion(扩张) of the original thirteen colonies. This may be said to close with the Civil War, about 1860.This period was marked by the arrival of the new immigrants(移民) from Ireland and Germany. The third period, since the Civil War, is marked by an important change in the source from which the European
immigrants came. They came from northern and southern Europe in large numbers.
American English began in the 17th century. At the beginning of the 17th century the English language was brought to North America by colonists from England. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English.
At first the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain，but slowly the language began to change. Sometimes，the English spoken in America changed but sometimes the language spoken in the place stayed the same，while the language in England changed.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
重点单词
基础词汇
1.sculpture n. 雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
2.opposing adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
3.harmless adj. 无害的，不致伤的
4.unique adj. 独一无二的，独特的
5.alarm n. 警报器；闹钟
拓展词汇
6.behavior n．行为，举止→behave v．表现，举止
7.confusing adj.令人困惑的→confuse v．使困惑→confused adj.感到困惑的→confusion n．困惑，疑惑
8.reflect v．显示，反映→reflection n．反映，思考，反射
9.creativity n．创造性，创造力→creative adj.有创造性的，有创造力的→creation n．创造力，创造
10.visible adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible adj.看不见的
重点短语
1.the__number__of ……的数量
2.around__the__world 全世界
3.for__example 例如
4.speak__of 说起；说到
5.burn__up 烧毁，烧尽
6.fill__in/out 填充；填写
7.wind__up 摇动(把手等)；使(活动、会议等)结束
重点句型
1.have trouble doing sth.做某事费力：Have you ever asked yourself why people often have__trouble__learning__English(在学习英语方面有困难)？
2.neither引导倒装句：This made me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant either.Neither__is__there__pine__nor__apple__in__pineapple(菠萝里面也没有松树和苹果).
3.That/This is why...这/那是……的原因(why引导表语从句)：That__is__why(这就是……的原因) when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
Read the text and match the main idea of each part.
Part 1(Para.1) A．Give some examples to discuss the topic.
Part 2(Paras.2－6) B．Conclude the topic of the passage.
Part 3(Paras.7－8) C．Lead to the topic of the passage.
答案：Part 1：C；Part 2：A；Part 3：B
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The words photo and homesick were mentioned ________.
A．to show how crazy it is to learn English
B．to tell us the differences between their usages
C．to analyze the formation of the words
D．to share how to learn a crazy language
2．How does the author develop the passage?
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the way of spelling.
D．By following the order of importance.
3．Why does the author say “English was invented by people”？
A．Because the English words show everything around us.
B．Because the language helps us communicate with others.
C．Because the language proves how creative human being is.
D．Because the English words are unique in the world.
4．The author’s purpose to write the passage is ________．
A．to share the difficulty in learning different English words well
B．to show how interesting and creative the language of English is
C．to instruct how to spell difficult English words correctly
D．to analyze the reason for inventing the language of English
答案：1－4.AACB
behavior n．行为；举止
(教材P15)If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same?
如果harmless(无害的)的动作是harmful(有害的)的动作的反义词，为什么shameless(无耻的)的行为和shameful(可耻的)的行为是一样的呢？
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.
对某人表现良好/糟糕
behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体
(2)well-behaved adj. 表现好的
badly-behaved adj. 表现差的
(3)behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习性
①Many parents are worrying about the effect of smart-phone on their children’s behavior.
很多父母担心智能手机对孩子的行为所产生的影响。
②Behave yourself(you) in public and you will win the respect of most of us.
在公众场合举止得体才能赢得我们大多数人的尊重。
③He told his pupils to__behave(behave) well and not to chat while listening to a lecture.
他告诉学生们听讲座时要举止得体，切勿聊天。
confusing adj.令人困惑的；令人混淆的
(教材P15)Even the smallest words can be confusing.
即使是最小的单词也会让人困惑。
(1)confuse vt. 使迷惑；混淆
confuse...with/and... 把……和……混淆
(2)confusion n. 混乱；困惑
(3)confused adj. 困惑的
①He used many terms in his speech which sounded confusing to the audience.
他在演讲中用了许多术语，使听众听了莫名其妙。
②I always confuse her with/and her twin sister：they look so alike.
我总分不清这对双胞胎姐妹，她们长得太像了。
③To avoid confusion(confuse), the teams wore different colours.
为避免混淆，各队穿着不同颜色的服装。
④The confused look on his face suggested that he was confused about the confusing questions asked by his parents.(confuse)
他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。
v．-ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“……的；令人……的”；v.-ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，常用来描述人，意为“感到……的”。另外，修饰face, look, expression, voice等时，常用v.-ed形式的形容词。
burn up 烧完；烧毁；燃烧能量；火烧旺
(教材P15)You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down... 你也会对一种语言独特的疯狂感到惊讶，在这种语言里一座房子可以burn down(烧毁)也可以是burn up(烧毁)……
[一词多义]——写出下列句中burn up的含义
(1)Usually the satellites burn up about 100km above the earth.烧毁
(2)Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race？燃烧(能量)
(3)Mum put more wood on the fire to make it burn up and the room became warm gradually. 火烧旺
burn down 全部焚毁；火势减弱
burn to the ground 烧毁
burn out 烧坏；燃尽；筋疲力尽，耗尽体力
①If you do not slow down and take a break, you will burn out very quickly.
如果你不放慢速度歇一会儿，很快就会没劲的。
②(湖南卷)If you forgot to turn off the iron when you went away, you might burn down the house.
如果你走开时忘了关掉熨斗，那么你有可能烧毁房子。
③Many of the wooden houses in the village were burned to the ground in the big fire.
村庄里的许多木房子在这次大火中被烧毁了。
reflect v．显示，反映；反射(声或者光)；思考
(教材P15)English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. 英语是由人发明出来的，而不是电脑，它反映了人类的创造性。
(1)reflect on/upon... 仔细考虑/沉思/反省……
reflect from... 从……中反射；折射
reflect in... 在……中反映出来
(2)reflection n. 反映，表现；倒影，影像；
思考，反省
on reflection 经再三考虑；反思
①Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world.
如果没有森林覆盖，这些区域会向大气层反射更多的热量，使世界上其他地区变暖。
②(浙江卷)The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone，and near its end，all the young people in our group began to reflect on/upon what it had meant.
去那个城市旅行开阔了每个人的眼界。旅途快结束的时候，我们组的所有年轻人都开始思考此行的意义。
③Usually a child’s behavior is a reflection(reflect) of his family environment.
一个孩子的行为通常是家庭环境的反映。
The light reflected from the water into my eyes. White clouds were reflected in the lake. Sitting by the lake, I was reflecting on what my mom said. On reflection, I decided to accept her suggestion.
光从水中反射入我的眼中，白云映照在湖中。坐在湖边，我在考虑妈妈的话。沉思后，我决定接受她的建议。
creativity n．创造性；创造力；创作能力
(教材P15)English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.
英语是由人发明出来的，而不是电脑，它反映了人类的创造性。
create v． 创造；创作；创立
creation n. 创造；创造物
creative adj. 创造性的，有创造力的；有创意的
creator n. 创作人，创作者；创始人
①American art reached a peak of creativity in the 50s and 60s.
美国艺术在五六十年代达到了一次创作顶峰。
②(江西卷)It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created(create) a harmonious atmosphere.
正是因为真诚，我们才创造了一个和谐的氛围。
③She’s very creative(create)─she writes poetry and paints.
她极富创造力，既赋诗又作画。
④Language is the most important mental creation(create) of man. 语言是人类头脑最重要的产物。
⑤Jobs was without doubt one of the creators(create) of the Apple Inc.
毫无疑问，乔布斯是苹果公司的创始人之一。
have trouble doing sth. 做某事费力
(教材P14)Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English?
你是否曾经问过自己为什么人们学英语经常很吃力？
句中have trouble doing sth.意为“做某事有困难、费力”，且doing 前面省略掉了in。其中trouble 为不可数名词，前面可用some, any, no, little等词来修饰。
表示“做某事有困难”的常见结构：
have difficulty
have trouble/problem (in) doing sth.
have a hard time in doing sth.
there’s difficulty/trouble
①(北京卷)—Did you have trouble finding Ann’s house?
——你们找到安的家费劲了吗？
—Not really.She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
——并没有。她给了我们非常清楚的指引，我们很容易就找到了。
②For him，there is no difficulty answering(answer) such an easy question.
对于他来说，回答这样一个简单的问题毫不费力。
③I had a hard time climbing(climb) up the horse while he was riding happily.
我费了很大劲儿才上马，而他却在开心地骑着。
在语法填空中，常将have trouble doing sth.句式中的trouble提前作先行词，因此定语从句中have后常为 doing形式。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)You can’t imagine what great difficulty we have ever had finding (find) the right person.
(2)Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
neither引导倒装句
(教材P14)Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
菠萝(pineapple)里面也没有松树(pine)和苹果(apple)。
neither置于句首的部分倒装句式语序为：neither＋连系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词原形(不含系动词be)＋其他成分。可用nor替换neither。
否定副词位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。常见的否定副词(短语): hardly, rarely, scarcely, nowhere, never, not, little, seldom, at no time, in no way, by no means, under no condition, not until, neither, nor等。
①If he doesn’t go to the park tomorrow, neither/nor will I.
如果明天他不去公园，我也不去。
②Nor do__I__know where we should go next.
我不知道我们接下来去哪里。
③Never have__I__seen__anything so wonderful as that.
我从未见过像那样精彩的东西。
④Little did/do__we__know__about the man making speech.
我们对这个做演讲的人几乎一无所知。
[巧学活用]——同义句转换(neither...nor)
The parents were not satisfied with the result and their son wasn’t either.
Neither__the__parents__nor__their__son__was__satisfied__with__the__result.
That/This is why... 那/这是……的原因
(教材P15)That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
这就是为什么当星星out(出来)的时候，它们(星星)是可见的，但是当光out(消失)的时候，它们(星星)是看不见的。
This/That/It is why...是一个常用句型， 意为“这/那是……的原因”， 其中why引导表语从句， 表示结果。
(1)This/That/It is because...这是/那是因为…… (because引导表语从句， 表示原因)
(2)The reason for (doing) sth./why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句， that引导表语从句， 表示原因)
①Tom was ill. That was why he was absent from class.
汤姆病了，那就是他没来上课的原因。
②Tom was absent from class. That was because he was ill.
汤姆没来上课。那是因为他病了。
③The reason why Tom was absent from class was that he was ill.
汤姆没来上课的原因是他病了。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
她很伤心， 那是因为她儿子在一次事故中丧生了。
(1)She was very sad.That__was__because her son was killed in an accident.
(2)Her son was killed in an accident.That__was__why she was very sad.
(3)The reason why__she__was__very__sad__was__that her son was killed in an accident.
品句填词
1．The area has its own unique(独一无二的) language, Catalan.
2．He set two alarm(闹钟) clocks in case he got up late.
3．The improper behavior(行为) of some judges made Chinese players upset.
4．Does such a change in attitude reflect(反映) real experiences in daily life?
5．A good teacher, like a child in his soul, should have the creativity(创造性), imagination and exploration(探索) ability.
6．He had the opposing(相反的) view and felt that the war was immoral.
7．No cigarette is completely harmless(无害的)，so don’t smoke.
8．Professor Jordan gave us a most confusing(令人迷惑的) lecture this afternoon and most of us were confused(感到迷惑的)．
完成句子
1．有了你同事的帮助，我们毫不费力地找到了你的公司。
We had__no__trouble__finding your company with the help of your workmates.
2．我同桌还没有看过刘若英执导的电影《后来的我们》，我也没有。
My deskmate has never seen the movie Us and Them directed by Rene Liu.Neither__have__I．
3．他比赛失败了，这也正是他没来参加庆祝晚宴的原因。
He lost the game and that__was__why he didn’t come to attend the celebration party.
4．他告诉他的孩子们在公众场合应该乖一点。
He told his children to__behave__themselves in public.
5．(安徽卷)如果有兴趣，你需要填一些表格。
You need to fill__in/out__some__forms if you are interested.
课文语法填空
Do you have any difficulty 1.learning(learn) English better? Have you ever wondered why there is no ham 2.in your hamburger 3.and why you can’t find any egg in eggplant? Maybe this will get you 4.thinking(think) how crazy the language of English is. We like to paint a 5.painting(paint), and we are traveling in 6.the car but we take a photo and travel on the bus.When we see the rain, we say “it 7.is__raining(rain)” but can’t say “it is sunshining” when seeing sunshine. The words are really 8.confusing(confuse). Such unique 9.madness(mad) can be seen almost everywhere because English 10.reflects(reflect)the creativity of the human race.
单句语法填空
1．We can’t imagine the trouble they had practising(practise) their spoken English.
2．How can the teachers improve their teaching so as to encourage creativity(create)?
3．He couldn’t have gone out to play last night.Neither could his deskmate because of heavy homework.
4．He won the game twice and that was why we held the celebration party.
5．Speaking(speak) of his English, he felt proud of himself.
6．The young couple didn’t feel ashamed about their children’s shameless behaviors (behave)．
7．Panda, an interesting and charming creature, is unique to China.
8．(江西卷)A bad mood is a passive reflection(reflect) of outer factors in one’s daily life.
9．To avoid confusion(confuse), please write the children’s names clearly on all their school clothes.
10．Two hundred houses were burn down in the fire which broke out yesterday.
阅读理解
A
The English spoken in Australia, Great Britain and America has a surprising number of differences. Here are some of the common differences that you will find between these three kinds of English.
Pronunciation among the three types of English can be different. In American English, the “r” at the end of a word almost always affects its pronunciation, while in Australian and British English, the “r” is often silent. Australian English is unique due to the fact that many words have sounds that are gone. Instead of saying “good day”， Australian speakers say “g’ day”. The main pronunciation difference between the three, however, is the pronunciation of the vowel(元音) sounds.
Not only do the three types of English sound different, but they are also spelled differently. In some ways, the spelling shows the difference in pronunciation. For example, Americans use the word airplane. In Great Britain, the word is aeroplane, and it is pronounced with an “o” sound. Another example is the word aluminium, which is the UK spelling, and aluminum is the US spelling. Can you find the difference? In this example, the Australian spelling is the same as the UK spelling.
Another common spelling difference between British English and American English is the use of -our or -or at the end of a word. For example, in the UK, colour, flavour, honour are words that all end with -our. In America, they are spelled with -or endings. In Australia, the -our spelling is almost universal.
Also, the endings -re and -er are different between different English dialects. In America, you will go to the theater or fitness center, while in Britain you will visit the theatre or fitness centre. Again, Australian English follows the British way.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚英语、英式英语和美式英语的一些不同点。
1．The main pronunciation difference between American English and British English lies in ________．
A．the sound of “r” at the end of words
B．the words with sounds that are gone
C．the vowel sounds of some words
D．the last sound of many words
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The main pronunciation difference between the three, however, is the pronunciation of the vowel(元音) sounds.”可知美式英语和英式英语发音的不同在于一些单词的元音发音，故选C。
2．Which of the following words belongs to the Australian spelling?
A．Airplane. B．Flavor.
C．Theater. D．Aluminium.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Another example is the word aluminium, which is the UK spelling, and aluminum is the US spelling. Can you find the difference? In this example, the Australian spelling is the same as the UK spelling.”的描述可知“Aluminium”是澳大利亚的书写方式，故选D。
3．After reading the text, we can learn that ________．
A．Australian English has become the most popular English now
B．Australian English is more difficult to learn than American English
C．Australian English is more difficult to follow than American English
D．Australian English follows the British way more than the American way
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文中的“In this example, the Australian spelling is the same as the UK spelling.”“In Australia, the -our spelling is almost universal.”及“Again, Australian English follows the British way.”可知澳大利亚英语更加跟随英式英语，故选D。
4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text?
A．To show that English has developed differently in different countries.
B．To tell the differences between American, British and Australian English.
C．To encourage us to explore the differences of English used in different countries.
D．To suggest we speak different English when we are chatting with people from different countries.
B 解析：写作目的题。根据第一段中的“Here are some of the common differences that you will find between these three kinds of English.”可知这篇文章主要是讲述澳大利亚英语、英式英语和美式英语的一些不同点，故选B。
B
My name is Lwazi Nzimande.I started my schooling at Thukeyana Primary Farm School in Underberg, KwaZulu-Natal.
I had a favourite teacher in primary school.Her name was Miss Dube.She taught me natural science and human and social sciences in grade six and seven, and had a way of pushing learners to be able to think for themselves.She made sure that each and every learner took part in every lesson.She used pictures, diagrams(图表) and other things to make learning easier and more unforgettable, moving at a pace that was suitable for all students.As a teacher, she showed patience, respect, open-mindedness, and reliability(可靠性)．Now you see why she was my favourite teacher in primary school, don’t you?
In my opinion, patience, respect, open-mindedness, and reliability are some of the things that all teachers should have and show.A patient teacher is one who understands that some learners need more explanation than others to understand something in class.He or she should always be willing to help learners.An open-minded teacher will go beyond what is found in the textbook.A teacher who is respected will find it easy to control a class.Respect is earned through what a teacher says to learners or how he or she deals with them in general.
Miss Dube often told us not to bad-mouth or make fun of others. She also did so.She never bad-mouthed other teachers in front of us. Also, Miss Dube never made fun of her learners. She thought making fun of learners in front of others would hurt them and damage their confidence.
Miss Dube was also very honest. From my point of view, that’s also what a good teacher should be like. If she didn’t have an answer to a question, she would let her learners know. This set a good example to the learners.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Miss Dube是作者小学阶段最喜欢的老师，这是为什么呢？
5．Why was Miss Dube the author’s favourite teacher in primary school?
A．Because of her rich knowledge.
B．Because of her good appearance.
C．Because of her teaching style and character.
D．Because of her lifestyle and attitude to students.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了Miss Dube的教学方式，又根据这一段的As a teacher, she showed patience, respect, open-mindedness, and reliability(可靠性)．Now you see why she was my favourite teacher in primary school, don’t you？可知答案。
6．What does the author think an open-minded teacher should do?
A．Pay close attention to every student’s improvement.
B．Tell about something outside the textbook.
C．Avoid believing everything in the textbook.
D．Show great respect for her students.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的An open-minded teacher will go beyond what is found in the textbook.可知， 一位思想开明的老师不会仅仅局限于课本， 会讲一些课外的知识。
7．What can we learn about Miss Dube from Paragraph 4?
A．She liked praising her students.
B．She was very confident in class.
C．She got along well with other teachers.
D．She set a good example to her students.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知， Miss Dube经常教育学生不要说别人坏话或嘲笑别人，她自己也能以身作则，从不在学生面前说别的老师的坏话，也不取笑学生，给学生树立了一个良好的榜样。
8．What does the underlined word “This” in the last paragraph mean？
A．Being a very patient teacher.
B．Answering students’ questions.
C．Being honest in front of students.
D．Teaching students very difficult things.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据末段的Miss Dube was also very honest.以及If she didn’t have an answer to a question, she would let her learners know.可知“This”是指在学生面前很诚实一事。
完形填空
There are many kinds of friends.Some are always __1__ you, but don’t understand you.Some say only a few words to you, but understand you.Many people will step in your life, but only __2__ friends leave footprints.
I shall always recall the autumn and the girl with the __3__．I know she will always be my best friend.I could see the yellow leaves __4__ in the cool wind.In such a __5__， I liked walking alone in the leaves，__6__ to the sound of them.Autumn is a harvest season.However，__7__ is uninteresting.The free days always get me __8__．But one day, the sound of a violin __9__ into my ears like a stream flowing in the mountains.A young girl, standing in the wind, was __10__ in playing her violin.I had __11__ seen her before.The music was so nice that I listened quietly.Lost in the music, I didn’t know that I had been __12__ there for so long but my existence(存在)did not seem to disturb(打扰) her.Every day she played the violin in the corner of the building __13__ I went downstairs to watch her performance.The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became __14__．Though we didn’t know each other, I thought we were already good __15__．
One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly __16__．To my surprise, the girl came over to me. “You must like violin，” she said. “Yes.And you play very well.Why did you stop？” I asked.Suddenly, a __17__ expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual. “I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave.I once played very badly.It was your listening every day that __18__ me，” she said. “In fact, it was your playing __19__ gave me a meaningful autumn，” I answered. “Let’s be friends.” The girl smiled, and so did I.
I never heard her play again in my life.But I will always remember the fine figure(身影) of the girl.She is like a __20__—so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off much light that makes the autumn beautiful.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者在秋天偶遇一个拉小提琴的女孩并与其产生友谊的故事。女孩的琴声陪伴作者度过了一个美好的秋天， 而作者的存在对女孩提高琴艺也是很好的鼓励。
1．A.with B．for
C．against D．to
A 解析：with和……在一起； for赞成； against反对； to对……。句意： 一些朋友总是和你在一起， 但不理解你。
2．A.good B．true
C．reliable D．stubborn
B 解析：good好的； true真正的； reliable可靠的； stubborn固执的。句意： 许多人走进你的生活， 但只有真正的朋友会在你的生活中留下印迹。
3．A.sound B．song
C．partner D．violin
D 解析：由下文the sound of a violin可知， “我” 将永远记得那个秋天和那个带着小提琴的女孩。
4．A.shaking B．hanging
C．rising D．floating
D 解析：shake摇摆； hang悬挂； rise上升； float飘动。句意：我能看到黄色的叶子在寒风中飘动。
5．A.season B．situation
C．day D．weather
A 解析：由下句Autumn is a harvest season.可知， 在这样的季节，我喜欢在(飘动的)叶子中独自一人漫步， 听落叶的声音。
6．A.watching B．listening
C．seeing D．hearing
B 解析：watch注视； listen听； see看见； hear听到。句意： 在这样的季节， 我喜欢在(飘动的)叶子中独自一人漫步， 听落叶的声音。
7．A.journey B．work
C．life D．view
C 解析：journey旅程； work工作； life生活； view观点。句意： 秋天是收获的季节。然而， 生活是无趣的。
8．A.bored B．determined
C．excited D．concerned
A 解析：bored烦闷的； determined有决心的； excited激动的； concerned关心的。由上文生活是无趣的可知， 无所事事的日子总是让 “我” 感到烦闷。
9．A.flowed B．grew
C．entered D．ran
A 解析：flow流； grow成长； enter进入； run跑。由题空后like a stream flowing in the mountains可知， 一天， 小提琴的声音像流在山间的小溪一样流进 “我” 的耳朵。
10．A.lost B．active
C．busy D．interested
A 解析：lost迷失的； active积极的； busy繁忙的； interested感兴趣的。句意： 一个年轻的女孩， 站在风中， 沉浸在拉小提琴中。此处be lost in意为“沉浸在……之中”。
11．A.once B．never
C．frequently D．usually
B 解析：once曾经； never从不； frequently频繁地； usually通常。句意：我以前从未见到过她。
12．A.waiting B．stopping
C．standing D．hearing
C 解析：wait等待； stop停止； stand站； hear听到。句意：由于沉浸在音乐中，我不知道我在那里站了这么长的时间， 但我的存在似乎没有打扰她。
13．A.because B．but
C．when D．before
C 解析：because因为； but但是； when当……的时候，就在那时； before在……之前。句意： 每天她在楼的角落里拉小提琴， 这时我都会下楼来看她的表演。
14．A.interesting B．moving
C．boring D．tiring
A 解析：interesting有趣的； moving令人感动的； boring令人厌烦的； tiring令人劳累的。
15．A.partners B．listeners
C．players D．friends
D 解析：由上文I know she will always be my best friend.可知， 虽然“我们”不认识， 但“我们”已经是朋友。
16．A.stopped B．began
C．went D．changed
A 解析：stop停止； begin开始； go离去； change改变。句意： 一天， 当我仔细听的时候， 声音突然停止了。
17．A.happy B．sad
C．strange D．calm
B 解析：由something unusual可知， 突然一种悲伤的表情出现在她的脸上， “我” 能感到有些异常。
18．A.surprised B．excited
C．encouraged D．interested
C 解析：surprise使……吃惊； excite使……激动； encourage鼓舞； interest使……感兴趣。句意： 正是你每天听我的演奏， 才使我受到鼓舞。
19．A.that B．which
C．it D．who
A 解析：句意： 正是你的演奏给了我一个有意义的秋天。
20．A.song B．dream
C．wind D．sister
B 解析：song歌曲； dream梦想； wind风； sister妹妹。句意： 她就像一个梦， 如此短暂， 如此明亮， 就像一颗流星发出许多光， 使这个秋天很美丽。
课件48张PPT。Unit 2 Exploring EnglishUnit 2 Exploring EnglishUnit 2 Exploring EnglishUnit 2 Exploring EnglishUnit 2 Exploring Englishsculptureopposingharmlessuniquealarmbehaviorconfusingreflectcreativityvisiblethe number ofaround the worldfor examplespeak ofburn upfill in/outwind uphave trouble learning EnglishNeither is there pine nor apple in pineappleThat is whyyourselfto behavewith/andconfusionconfusedconfusedconfusing烧毁燃烧(能量)火烧旺downtoon/uponreflectioncreatedcreativecreationcreatorsansweringclimbingfindingwithdo I knowhave I seen anythingdid/do we know aboutbecausewhythatThat was becauseThat was whywhy she was very sad was that本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．The area has its own unique(独一无二的) language, Catalan.
2．He set two alarm(闹钟) clocks in case he got up late.
3．The improper behavior(行为) of some judges made Chinese players upset.
4．Does such a change in attitude reflect(反映) real experiences in daily life?
5．A good teacher, like a child in his soul, should have the creativity(创造性), imagination and exploration(探索) ability.
6．He had the opposing(相反的) view and felt that the war was immoral.
7．No cigarette is completely harmless(无害的)，so don’t smoke.
8．Professor Jordan gave us a most confusing(令人迷惑的) lecture this afternoon and most of us were confused(感到迷惑的)．
完成句子
1．有了你同事的帮助，我们毫不费力地找到了你的公司。
We had__no__trouble__finding your company with the help of your workmates.
2．我同桌还没有看过刘若英执导的电影《后来的我们》，我也没有。
My deskmate has never seen the movie Us and Them directed by Rene Liu.Neither__have__I．
3．他比赛失败了，这也正是他没来参加庆祝晚宴的原因。
He lost the game and that__was__why he didn’t come to attend the celebration party.
4．他告诉他的孩子们在公众场合应该乖一点。
He told his children to__behave__themselves in public.
5．(安徽卷)如果有兴趣，你需要填一些表格。
You need to fill__in/out__some__forms if you are interested.
课文语法填空
Do you have any difficulty 1.learning(learn) English better? Have you ever wondered why there is no ham 2.in your hamburger 3.and why you can’t find any egg in eggplant? Maybe this will get you 4.thinking(think) how crazy the language of English is. We like to paint a 5.painting(paint), and we are traveling in 6.the car but we take a photo and travel on the bus.When we see the rain, we say “it 7.is__raining(rain)” but can’t say “it is sunshining” when seeing sunshine. The words are really 8.confusing(confuse). Such unique 9.madness(mad) can be seen almost everywhere because English 10.reflects(reflect)the creativity of the human race.
单句语法填空
1．We can’t imagine the trouble they had practising(practise) their spoken English.
2．How can the teachers improve their teaching so as to encourage creativity(create)?
3．He couldn’t have gone out to play last night.Neither could his deskmate because of heavy homework.
4．He won the game twice and that was why we held the celebration party.
5．Speaking(speak) of his English, he felt proud of himself.
6．The young couple didn’t feel ashamed about their children’s shameless behaviors (behave)．
7．Panda, an interesting and charming creature, is unique to China.
8．(江西卷)A bad mood is a passive reflection(reflect) of outer factors in one’s daily life.
9．To avoid confusion(confuse), please write the children’s names clearly on all their school clothes.
10．Two hundred houses were burn down in the fire which broke out yesterday.
阅读理解
A
The English spoken in Australia, Great Britain and America has a surprising number of differences. Here are some of the common differences that you will find between these three kinds of English.
Pronunciation among the three types of English can be different. In American English, the “r” at the end of a word almost always affects its pronunciation, while in Australian and British English, the “r” is often silent. Australian English is unique due to the fact that many words have sounds that are gone. Instead of saying “good day”， Australian speakers say “g’ day”. The main pronunciation difference between the three, however, is the pronunciation of the vowel(元音) sounds.
Not only do the three types of English sound different, but they are also spelled differently. In some ways, the spelling shows the difference in pronunciation. For example, Americans use the word airplane. In Great Britain, the word is aeroplane, and it is pronounced with an “o” sound. Another example is the word aluminium, which is the UK spelling, and aluminum is the US spelling. Can you find the difference? In this example, the Australian spelling is the same as the UK spelling.
Another common spelling difference between British English and American English is the use of -our or -or at the end of a word. For example, in the UK, colour, flavour, honour are words that all end with -our. In America, they are spelled with -or endings. In Australia, the -our spelling is almost universal.
Also, the endings -re and -er are different between different English dialects. In America, you will go to the theater or fitness center, while in Britain you will visit the theatre or fitness centre. Again, Australian English follows the British way.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚英语、英式英语和美式英语的一些不同点。
1．The main pronunciation difference between American English and British English lies in ________．
A．the sound of “r” at the end of words
B．the words with sounds that are gone
C．the vowel sounds of some words
D．the last sound of many words
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The main pronunciation difference between the three, however, is the pronunciation of the vowel(元音) sounds.”可知美式英语和英式英语发音的不同在于一些单词的元音发音，故选C。
2．Which of the following words belongs to the Australian spelling?
A．Airplane. B．Flavor.
C．Theater. D．Aluminium.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Another example is the word aluminium, which is the UK spelling, and aluminum is the US spelling. Can you find the difference? In this example, the Australian spelling is the same as the UK spelling.”的描述可知“Aluminium”是澳大利亚的书写方式，故选D。
3．After reading the text, we can learn that ________．
A．Australian English has become the most popular English now
B．Australian English is more difficult to learn than American English
C．Australian English is more difficult to follow than American English
D．Australian English follows the British way more than the American way
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文中的“In this example, the Australian spelling is the same as the UK spelling.”“In Australia, the -our spelling is almost universal.”及“Again, Australian English follows the British way.”可知澳大利亚英语更加跟随英式英语，故选D。
4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text?
A．To show that English has developed differently in different countries.
B．To tell the differences between American, British and Australian English.
C．To encourage us to explore the differences of English used in different countries.
D．To suggest we speak different English when we are chatting with people from different countries.
B 解析：写作目的题。根据第一段中的“Here are some of the common differences that you will find between these three kinds of English.”可知这篇文章主要是讲述澳大利亚英语、英式英语和美式英语的一些不同点，故选B。
B
My name is Lwazi Nzimande.I started my schooling at Thukeyana Primary Farm School in Underberg, KwaZulu-Natal.
I had a favourite teacher in primary school.Her name was Miss Dube.She taught me natural science and human and social sciences in grade six and seven, and had a way of pushing learners to be able to think for themselves.She made sure that each and every learner took part in every lesson.She used pictures, diagrams(图表) and other things to make learning easier and more unforgettable, moving at a pace that was suitable for all students.As a teacher, she showed patience, respect, open-mindedness, and reliability(可靠性)．Now you see why she was my favourite teacher in primary school, don’t you?
In my opinion, patience, respect, open-mindedness, and reliability are some of the things that all teachers should have and show.A patient teacher is one who understands that some learners need more explanation than others to understand something in class.He or she should always be willing to help learners.An open-minded teacher will go beyond what is found in the textbook.A teacher who is respected will find it easy to control a class.Respect is earned through what a teacher says to learners or how he or she deals with them in general.
Miss Dube often told us not to bad-mouth or make fun of others. She also did so.She never bad-mouthed other teachers in front of us. Also, Miss Dube never made fun of her learners. She thought making fun of learners in front of others would hurt them and damage their confidence.
Miss Dube was also very honest. From my point of view, that’s also what a good teacher should be like. If she didn’t have an answer to a question, she would let her learners know. This set a good example to the learners.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Miss Dube是作者小学阶段最喜欢的老师，这是为什么呢？
5．Why was Miss Dube the author’s favourite teacher in primary school?
A．Because of her rich knowledge.
B．Because of her good appearance.
C．Because of her teaching style and character.
D．Because of her lifestyle and attitude to students.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了Miss Dube的教学方式，又根据这一段的As a teacher, she showed patience, respect, open-mindedness, and reliability(可靠性)．Now you see why she was my favourite teacher in primary school, don’t you？可知答案。
6．What does the author think an open-minded teacher should do?
A．Pay close attention to every student’s improvement.
B．Tell about something outside the textbook.
C．Avoid believing everything in the textbook.
D．Show great respect for her students.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的An open-minded teacher will go beyond what is found in the textbook.可知， 一位思想开明的老师不会仅仅局限于课本， 会讲一些课外的知识。
7．What can we learn about Miss Dube from Paragraph 4?
A．She liked praising her students.
B．She was very confident in class.
C．She got along well with other teachers.
D．She set a good example to her students.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知， Miss Dube经常教育学生不要说别人坏话或嘲笑别人，她自己也能以身作则，从不在学生面前说别的老师的坏话，也不取笑学生，给学生树立了一个良好的榜样。
8．What does the underlined word “This” in the last paragraph mean？
A．Being a very patient teacher.
B．Answering students’ questions.
C．Being honest in front of students.
D．Teaching students very difficult things.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据末段的Miss Dube was also very honest.以及If she didn’t have an answer to a question, she would let her learners know.可知“This”是指在学生面前很诚实一事。
完形填空
There are many kinds of friends.Some are always __1__ you, but don’t understand you.Some say only a few words to you, but understand you.Many people will step in your life, but only __2__ friends leave footprints.
I shall always recall the autumn and the girl with the __3__．I know she will always be my best friend.I could see the yellow leaves __4__ in the cool wind.In such a __5__， I liked walking alone in the leaves，__6__ to the sound of them.Autumn is a harvest season.However，__7__ is uninteresting.The free days always get me __8__．But one day, the sound of a violin __9__ into my ears like a stream flowing in the mountains.A young girl, standing in the wind, was __10__ in playing her violin.I had __11__ seen her before.The music was so nice that I listened quietly.Lost in the music, I didn’t know that I had been __12__ there for so long but my existence(存在)did not seem to disturb(打扰) her.Every day she played the violin in the corner of the building __13__ I went downstairs to watch her performance.The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became __14__．Though we didn’t know each other, I thought we were already good __15__．
One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly __16__．To my surprise, the girl came over to me. “You must like violin，” she said. “Yes.And you play very well.Why did you stop？” I asked.Suddenly, a __17__ expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual. “I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave.I once played very badly.It was your listening every day that __18__ me，” she said. “In fact, it was your playing __19__ gave me a meaningful autumn，” I answered. “Let’s be friends.” The girl smiled, and so did I.
I never heard her play again in my life.But I will always remember the fine figure(身影) of the girl.She is like a __20__—so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off much light that makes the autumn beautiful.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者在秋天偶遇一个拉小提琴的女孩并与其产生友谊的故事。女孩的琴声陪伴作者度过了一个美好的秋天， 而作者的存在对女孩提高琴艺也是很好的鼓励。
1．A.with B．for
C．against D．to
A 解析：with和……在一起； for赞成； against反对； to对……。句意： 一些朋友总是和你在一起， 但不理解你。
2．A.good B．true
C．reliable D．stubborn
B 解析：good好的； true真正的； reliable可靠的； stubborn固执的。句意： 许多人走进你的生活， 但只有真正的朋友会在你的生活中留下印迹。
3．A.sound B．song
C．partner D．violin
D 解析：由下文the sound of a violin可知， “我” 将永远记得那个秋天和那个带着小提琴的女孩。
4．A.shaking B．hanging
C．rising D．floating
D 解析：shake摇摆； hang悬挂； rise上升； float飘动。句意：我能看到黄色的叶子在寒风中飘动。
5．A.season B．situation
C．day D．weather
A 解析：由下句Autumn is a harvest season.可知， 在这样的季节，我喜欢在(飘动的)叶子中独自一人漫步， 听落叶的声音。
6．A.watching B．listening
C．seeing D．hearing
B 解析：watch注视； listen听； see看见； hear听到。句意： 在这样的季节， 我喜欢在(飘动的)叶子中独自一人漫步， 听落叶的声音。
7．A.journey B．work
C．life D．view
C 解析：journey旅程； work工作； life生活； view观点。句意： 秋天是收获的季节。然而， 生活是无趣的。
8．A.bored B．determined
C．excited D．concerned
A 解析：bored烦闷的； determined有决心的； excited激动的； concerned关心的。由上文生活是无趣的可知， 无所事事的日子总是让 “我” 感到烦闷。
9．A.flowed B．grew
C．entered D．ran
A 解析：flow流； grow成长； enter进入； run跑。由题空后like a stream flowing in the mountains可知， 一天， 小提琴的声音像流在山间的小溪一样流进 “我” 的耳朵。
10．A.lost B．active
C．busy D．interested
A 解析：lost迷失的； active积极的； busy繁忙的； interested感兴趣的。句意： 一个年轻的女孩， 站在风中， 沉浸在拉小提琴中。此处be lost in意为“沉浸在……之中”。
11．A.once B．never
C．frequently D．usually
B 解析：once曾经； never从不； frequently频繁地； usually通常。句意：我以前从未见到过她。
12．A.waiting B．stopping
C．standing D．hearing
C 解析：wait等待； stop停止； stand站； hear听到。句意：由于沉浸在音乐中，我不知道我在那里站了这么长的时间， 但我的存在似乎没有打扰她。
13．A.because B．but
C．when D．before
C 解析：because因为； but但是； when当……的时候，就在那时； before在……之前。句意： 每天她在楼的角落里拉小提琴， 这时我都会下楼来看她的表演。
14．A.interesting B．moving
C．boring D．tiring
A 解析：interesting有趣的； moving令人感动的； boring令人厌烦的； tiring令人劳累的。
15．A.partners B．listeners
C．players D．friends
D 解析：由上文I know she will always be my best friend.可知， 虽然“我们”不认识， 但“我们”已经是朋友。
16．A.stopped B．began
C．went D．changed
A 解析：stop停止； begin开始； go离去； change改变。句意： 一天， 当我仔细听的时候， 声音突然停止了。
17．A.happy B．sad
C．strange D．calm
B 解析：由something unusual可知， 突然一种悲伤的表情出现在她的脸上， “我” 能感到有些异常。
18．A.surprised B．excited
C．encouraged D．interested
C 解析：surprise使……吃惊； excite使……激动； encourage鼓舞； interest使……感兴趣。句意： 正是你每天听我的演奏， 才使我受到鼓舞。
19．A.that B．which
C．it D．who
A 解析：句意： 正是你的演奏给了我一个有意义的秋天。
20．A.song B．dream
C．wind D．sister
B 解析：song歌曲； dream梦想； wind风； sister妹妹。句意： 她就像一个梦， 如此短暂， 如此明亮， 就像一颗流星发出许多光， 使这个秋天很美丽。
Section Ⅱ Integrating skills & Developing ideas
重点单词
基础词汇
1. subway n. 地铁
2.vocabulary n. 词汇
3.rather adv. 相当，颇
4.context n. 上下文，语境
5.remind v. 提醒，使……想起
6.comment n. 评论
7.boot n. 靴子
8.section n. 区域
9.actually adv. 事实上，实际上
10.negative adj. 消极的，负面的
拓展词汇
11.exchange n．(学生、教师等的)互访，交换v.交换，互换，兑换→change v．& n．改变
12.apartment n．一套住房，公寓套房→apart adj.分离的，隔离的 adv.分开地，成碎片→part n．部分，角色，零部件
13.forward adv.向前→backward adv.向后
重点短语
1.be__known__by 为人所知
2.vice__versa 反之亦然
3.be__made__up__of 由……组成
4.be__different__from 与……不同
5.take...for__example 以……为例
6.play__safe__with 对……求稳；在……方面不冒险
重点句型
1.not only...but also...不但……而且……：Not__only__can__you__post__specific__questions，but(你不但可以就特定的问题发帖而且) you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.
2.spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事：I spent__days__preparing__and__writing(我花了几天时间准备和写) my first English paper.
Read the passage on Page 21 and choose the best answer.
1．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．an exciting adventure in English learning
B．some strange English words difficult to learn
C．the differences between what we learn in class and in life
D．some funny posts about what we should learn in classroom
2．What does Alba think of the British attitude towards their food?
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.
C．Helpless. D．Hopeful.
3．In fact, Julien found his pen-friend’s grandfather ________．
A．wicked
B．confused
C．negative
D．nice
4．What do we learn about Zhang Xu’s English paper?
A．Zhang Xu felt disappointed about his paper.
B．Zhang Xu didn’t get a good grade on it.
C．The teacher thought the paper wrote well.
D．The teacher thought Zhang Xu was not a bad student.
答案：1－4.CADC
be made up of 由……组成
(教材P17)And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words...
而且有时一个单词由几个单词的首字母组成……
(1)be made up of＝consist of
由……组成
(2)be made of 由……材料制成(看出原材料)
be made from 由……材料制成(看不出原材料)
①All substances, whether they are gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms.
所有物质， 不论它们是气体、液体或固体， 都是由原子构成的。
②The collection consists__of/is__made__up__of three parts：poems, essays and short stories.
这本作品是由诗、散文和短篇小说三部分组合而成的。
③Early paper in China was made from bamboo fibre.
中国早期的纸是由竹子纤维制成的。
④In the Middle Ages the houses were made of wood.
在中世纪，房子是由木头建造的。
be made up of 和consist of都是表示“由……组成”，但是consist of 只能用于主动，不可用于被动。
remind v．提醒；使……想起
(教材P20)Here are some of our favorites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!
这些是我们最喜欢的帖子，可以提醒我们在课堂上学的一些英语和外面世界的英语大有不同。
(1)remind sb. of (doing) sth. 提醒某人(做)某事
remind sb. that... 使某人想起……
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
(2)reminder n. 令人回忆起……的东西，提醒……的东西
①Please remind me that I should bring him a present for his birthday.
请提醒我给他带生日礼物。
②The old photos reminded me of the days I spent in the countryside.
这些老照片使我想起了我在农村度过的那些日子。
③He reminded me to__turn(turn) off the lights when I went out.
他提醒我出去时要关灯。
exchange vt.& n．交换；互换
(教材P21)I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China.
我参加了英国一所大学和我所在的中国大学的学生交流项目。
(1)exchange sth.for sth. 以某物换取某物
exchange sth.with sb. 和某人交换某物
(2)make an exchange 交换
in exchange for... 以……交换……
①(福建卷)Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
琳达过去的一年在香港作交换生，因此她看上去比同龄人更成熟。
②We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world.
我们学生应该经常和父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，而且最重要的是，在这个世界上他们是最爱我们的人。
③I am going to travel abroad, so I want to exchange some RMB for dollars in the bank.
我要出国旅游了， 所以我想去银行把一些人民币兑换成美金。
④(牛津词典)He’s giving her French lessons in exchange for her teaching him English.
他教她法语，她教他英语，互教互学。
look forward to 期待；盼望
(教材P21)I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment.
我知道自己做得不错，并且我一直都在期待能得到积极的评论。
“动词＋介词to”构成的常用短语：
pay attention to 注意
get down to 开始认真做
be/get used to 习惯于
refer to 参考；涉及；指的是
lead to 导致
①I’m looking forward to seeing his new film as soon as possible.
我盼望尽快看到他的新电影。
②I was very happy that the letter I had been looking forward to came(come) at last.
我很高兴我一直期盼的那封信终于来了。
③I’m not used to eating(eat) so much at dinner time.
我不习惯晚饭吃那么多。
对look forward to的考查常常有两种形式：一种是考查to是介词，其后接名词、代词或者是动名词形式作宾语，尤其考查学生对doing的使用；另一种是look forward to是定语从句的一部分，主要考查的词是谓语动词而非look forward to的宾语。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)The kids are looking forward to being__taken(take) to the zoo this weekend.
(2)He stood up and looked forward to__see(see) what was going on outside.
(3)The day we were looking forward to came(come) at last.
not only...but also... 不但……而且……
(教材P20)Not only can you post specific questions, but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.
你不但可以就特定的问题发帖，而且可以通过阅读全世界英语学习者的帖子来拓展自己的知识。
句中“not only...but also...”结构意为“不仅……而且……”，其中but后可省略also。
(1)not only...but (also)．..连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。
(2)not only...but (also)．..连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，其所在的分句需使用部分倒装。
①The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but (also) share a large number of social customs.
英国人和美国人不但讲同一种语言，而且有很多共同的社会习俗。
②Not only the students but also the teacher is/was(be) against the plan.
不但学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对。
③Not only does the sun give us light, but it also gives us heat.
太阳给我们提供光与热。
品句填词
1．You can take the subway(地铁) No.1 to get Tiananmen Square.
2．Actually(事实上), it would be much more sensible to do it later.
3．The weather of today is rather(相当) hot compared to this time last year.
4．Please try to practise the ability to guess the meaning of an unknown word according to the context(上下文)．
5．Please remember to remind(提醒) me to give my parents a call.
6．This famous star hates to see the bad comments(评论) about his life.
7．With the weather getting cold, more and more people are wearing warm boots(靴子)．
8．The rent in this section(区域) is much higher than that in the suburbs.
9．Don’t let others’ negative(消极的) attitude towards life disturb your own life.
10．As an exchange(交换) student, he had great trouble getting used to the food here.
完成句子
1．他很期待和新经理一起工作。
He was__looking__forward__to working with the new manager.
2．凭一个人的言行就可以知道这个人的为人。
A person can be__known__by his words and deeds.
3．如果没有阳光，我们的生活和现在是不同的。
Without sunlight, people’s life would__be__different__from today.
4．他不仅获得了更多的知识，而且还在旅途中认识了现在的妻子。
Not__only__did__he__get__more__knowledge,__but he met his present wife during his travel.
5．科学家们解释说地球的表面是由许多不同的板块构成的。
Scientists explain that the surface of the earth is__made__up__of/consists__of a number of different plates.
单句语法填空
1．Not only did(do) he pass this exam but he got the first prize.
2．Take for example the structure of a sentence in English.
3．He put up a photo of Lin Dan to remind himself of his sports dream.
4．His grandpa always played safe with his own business.
5．The little girl lost one pair of her favorite boots(boot), which made her very upset.
6．I recognised(recognise) him as soon as he came in the room.
7．Do you know how many players a football team is made up of?
8．The students spent a whole day preparing(prepare) for the coming opening ceremony.
9．This kind of dress has been sold out.Would you like to exchange it for something else of the same price?
10．—Where does your little daughter want to go during her holiday?
—She is always looking forward to being__taken(take) to Mount Huang.
阅读理解
A
You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French.The reason goes back to the year 1066, when Norman forces invaded(入侵) what is now Britain.The Normans were from northern France and spoke French.During the Norman occupation, French became the language of England’s rulers and wealthy class.This lasted for more than 300 years.Other people in England continued to speak English during this period.
Over time, the two languages combined and shared words.Some researchers believe that about 10，000 French words eventually entered the English language.However, although English took many French words, their meanings have not always stayed the same.Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important, and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way.
Take the French word college for example.In English, college can often be used in place of the word university, or sometimes as a school within a university.However, in French, college actually means “middle school”， or the level of schooling for students in grades five or six through eight.
There are many other similar words in the two languages with completely different meanings.In English, the word chat is a verb which means “to talk casually”； but in French, the word chat is the word for an animal: a cat.
If an English speaker says someone is jolly, that means they are cheerful or friendly.But in French, jolie means someone is good-looking or pleasant to look at.In any case, both are nice things to say to someone.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了英语中存在大量法语词汇的现象，解释了其原因并举例说明了它们在英语中和法语中的不同含义。
1．What does the author stress about the French words in English?
A．Their spelling forms.
B．Their changes in history.
C．Their puzzles for English.
D．Their different meanings.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中However, although English took many French words, their meanings have not always stayed the same.Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important, and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way.可知，作者强调了英语中的法语单词的不同含义，故选D项。
2．What does a Frenchman mean if he says he likes a chat?
A．He likes a kind of pet.
B．He wants to have a talk.
C．He hates to speak English.
D．He prefers to chat in French.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中In English, the word chat is a verb which means “to talk casually”； but in French, the word chat is the word for an animal: a cat.可知，如果一个法国人说他喜欢a chat，他的意思是“他喜欢一种宠物。”，因为在法语里chat是cat的意思，故选A项。
3．What is the French word “jolie” used to do?
A．Replace “jolly” in English.
B．Describe people’s looks.
C．Refer to people’s happiness.
D．Prove the change in French.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中But in French, jolie means someone is good-looking or pleasant to look at.可知，在法语中jolie的意思是说某人长得好看或看上去是令人愉快的。由此可知jolie 在法语里是用来“描述人的外表”，故选B项。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Comparison between two languages.
B．Difficulty in grasping English.
C．French words in English.
D．Development of English.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文中You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French.和Over time, the two languages combined and shared words.Some researchers believe that about 10，000 French words eventually entered the English language.可知，本文主要讲述的是“英语中的法语单词”，故选C项。
B
It’s hard to talk to Dad sometimes.His silence about his feelings and thoughts made him mysterious and hard to see through.You could never break his hard shell and get to know him.And he seemed to want to stay that way, too.
But a year ago when my relationship with my wife and career took a hit, I needed my dad to pull__back__the__curtain so I could see him as real and accessible.I was facing serious problems, and I wanted to know whether he had faced them before and how he had found his way, because I felt like I had lost mine.In desperation, it occurred to me that sending an email might be the key, so I wrote him one, telling him about my regrets and fears, and I asked him to answer, if he felt like it.
Two weeks later, it showed up in my inbox：a much-thought，three-page letter.Dad，a 68-year-old retired technologist and grandfather of four，had carefully considered my message，and crafted a response.He mentioned his lost love，the foolish mistake he made in career and the stupid pride he had between him and his parents.He comforted me that “life will still find its right track despite many of its twists and turns”．
I closed the email and started to cry, because I wished I had opened it up earlier but was grateful it wasn’t too late.I cried because at 33, in the midst of my own struggles, his letter instantly put me at ease.And I cried because in the end, it was so simple：I just had to hit “Send”．
We’ve since had many email exchanges.This increasing communication opened a door into his world.My problems haven’t been magically solved，but getting to know my dad better has made the tough stuff more manageable and life sweeter.It’s hard to talk to Dad sometimes, but I’m glad I found a way to talk to mine.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。与一个沉默寡言的父亲交谈有时很难，但作者却找到了一个很好的与父亲交流的方式，那就是发电子邮件。
5．The author’s dad can be best described as ________．
A．quiet and caring
B．optimistic and careless
C．selfish and lonely
D．indifferent and serious
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“His silence about his feelings and thoughts”可知，父亲是沉默寡言的；根据第三段可知，其实父亲很关心作者。A项意为“安静和体贴的”；B项意为“乐观和粗心的”；C项意为“自私和孤独的”；D项意为“冷漠和严肃的”。故选A。
6．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by “________”．
A．draw the curtain
B．become more optimistic
C．show his true self
D．clear the misunderstanding
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的“so I could see him as real and accessible”可知，作者需要父亲展现真实的自己。故选C。
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Communication Is the Best Policy
B．Emails from My Dad
C．A Man of Few Words
D．My Mysterious Dad
B 解析：标题归纳题。作者与父亲之间真正的内心情感交流是由父亲回复的邮件开始的，也是这封邮件让作者找到了与父亲交流的途径。B项紧扣主题。故选B。
8．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．My dad’s email was quickly written.
B．I was moved when reading the email.
C．The email contained much information.
D．I wished I could have consulted him earlier.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Two weeks later, it showed up in my inbox：a much-thought，three-page letter.”可知，父亲的邮件并不是很快写完的。故选A。
七选五
Every day, in hundreds of ordinary situations, actions speak far louder than words.We talk with our mouth, but we communicate with our facial expressions, our tone of voice and our whole body.
1．________ When we can read what others are saying unconsciously, we can deal with things, at work and at home, before they become problems.
By understanding how to use body language, you can communicate more effectively.Here is how：
?2.________ Throughout the day, notice details about the way you speak, gesture and move.When standing, keep your shoulders straight, your body open and your weight balanced on both feet.
?Work on your handshake.3.________ The handshake most likely to show confidence is firm and dry with strong but not too much pressure.
?Use eye contact.Eye contact is very important in forming an impression of someone.You should have the ability to keep direct eye contact if you want to be taken seriously.But some people feel uncomfortable when it is too strong.4.________
?Be yourself.Nonverbal(非言语的) messages come from deep inside you, from your own sense of self-respect.If you are comfortable with yourself, it shows.5.________ They always give others a deep impression.
A．Use hand gestures carefully.
B．Pay attention to your body language.
C．A mirror can be useful to examine facial expressions.
D．People who know who they are have a relaxed way of talking and moving.
E．In the business world, the handshake shows important messages about power.
F．Understanding body language is one of the most useful skills you can develop.
G．To avoid this problem, change your focus so that you look at somewhere between the eyes and the chin.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了肢体语言的作用以及使用肢体语言的四条建议。
1．F 解析：根据下文内容可知，本段主要介绍了读懂肢体语言的作用，故选F“理解肢体语言是你能培养的最有用的技能之一”。
2．B 解析：通读本段可知，本段主要介绍了应当如何注意日常生活中的肢体语言；结合空后一句中的“notice”可以判断，选B项。
3．E 解析：由空前一句可知，本段主要谈的是“如何握手”这一话题，所以选E项，E项介绍了生意场上正确握手的重要性。
4．G 解析：由空前一句可知，如果你和某人的眼神交流过于直接，这种强烈的“直视”可能会让对方不舒服；据此可以判断，空处介绍的是避免此问题的方法，故G项正确。
5．D 解析：根据空处的下一句可知，他们会给他人留下深刻的印象；据此可以判断，D项“那些知道自己是谁的人拥有能够让人放松的交谈和行为方式”符合语境。空后的They指代D项中的“People who know who they are”。 语法填空
Getting better grades can be hard. However, you can achieve it if steps 1.____________(take)．Firstly, make good use 2.____________ class time. Do your reading before class, and if anything confuses(使困惑) you, think out questions you can ask in class. When your teacher asks 3.____________ question, put up your hand to give an answer. If you are 4.____________(nature) shy, take a breath, relax and do your best 5.____________(ignore) other people’s opinions. More importantly, clearly write down what your teacher says in class.
Secondly, pay attention to your homework. Try to find a place where there are no 6.____________(noise)．Put your phone out of sight so you won’t be attracted to it.After studying for 45 minutes, take 15 minutes to get up, move or do another activity 7.____________ gives your brain a rest.
Finally, take care of 8.____________(you)．Not getting enough sleep is terrible for your grades. So go to bed early and sleep about eight hours every night.And physical exercise 9.____________(be) helpful for you to improve your grades.So, if you don’t play a sport or have gym class every day, spend 30 minutes after school 10.____________(walk) to get some exercise.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何提高学习成绩。
1．are taken 解析：主语为steps, 与take之间是被动关系，故填are taken。
2．of 解析：make good use of...充分利用……。
3．a 解析：可数名词单数前需要用冠词，且此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。
4．naturally 解析：该空修饰形容词shy, 故填nature的副词形式naturally。
5．to ignore 解析：do one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事。
6．noises 解析：根据该空前的are可知， 此处应用noise的复数形式， 表示“各种噪音”。
7．that/which 解析：先行词为another activity, 关系词在从句中作主语， 故填that或which。
8．yourself 解析：该空所填词在句中作宾语且指代主语本身， 故填you的反身代词形式yourself。
9．is 解析：主语为physical exercise, 且表示一般情况， 故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式， 时态用一般现在时。
10．walking 解析：spend time doing sth.花时间做某事。
课件26张PPT。Unit 2 Exploring Englishsubwayvocabularyrathercontextremindcommentbootsectionactuallynegativeexchangeapartmentforwardbe known byvice versabe made up ofbe different fromtake...for exampleplay safe withNot only can you post specific questions，butspent days preparing and writingconsists of/is made up offromofofto turnwithforincameeatingbeing takento seecameis/wasdoes本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．You can take the subway(地铁) No.1 to get Tiananmen Square.
2．Actually(事实上), it would be much more sensible to do it later.
3．The weather of today is rather(相当) hot compared to this time last year.
4．Please try to practise the ability to guess the meaning of an unknown word according to the context(上下文)．
5．Please remember to remind(提醒) me to give my parents a call.
6．This famous star hates to see the bad comments(评论) about his life.
7．With the weather getting cold, more and more people are wearing warm boots(靴子)．
8．The rent in this section(区域) is much higher than that in the suburbs.
9．Don’t let others’ negative(消极的) attitude towards life disturb your own life.
10．As an exchange(交换) student, he had great trouble getting used to the food here.
完成句子
1．他很期待和新经理一起工作。
He was__looking__forward__to working with the new manager.
2．凭一个人的言行就可以知道这个人的为人。
A person can be__known__by his words and deeds.
3．如果没有阳光，我们的生活和现在是不同的。
Without sunlight, people’s life would__be__different__from today.
4．他不仅获得了更多的知识，而且还在旅途中认识了现在的妻子。
Not__only__did__he__get__more__knowledge,__but he met his present wife during his travel.
5．科学家们解释说地球的表面是由许多不同的板块构成的。
Scientists explain that the surface of the earth is__made__up__of/consists__of a number of different plates.
单句语法填空
1．Not only did(do) he pass this exam but he got the first prize.
2．Take for example the structure of a sentence in English.
3．He put up a photo of Lin Dan to remind himself of his sports dream.
4．His grandpa always played safe with his own business.
5．The little girl lost one pair of her favorite boots(boot), which made her very upset.
6．I recognised(recognise) him as soon as he came in the room.
7．Do you know how many players a football team is made up of?
8．The students spent a whole day preparing(prepare) for the coming opening ceremony.
9．This kind of dress has been sold out.Would you like to exchange it for something else of the same price?
10．—Where does your little daughter want to go during her holiday?
—She is always looking forward to being__taken(take) to Mount Huang.
阅读理解
A
You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French.The reason goes back to the year 1066, when Norman forces invaded(入侵) what is now Britain.The Normans were from northern France and spoke French.During the Norman occupation, French became the language of England’s rulers and wealthy class.This lasted for more than 300 years.Other people in England continued to speak English during this period.
Over time, the two languages combined and shared words.Some researchers believe that about 10，000 French words eventually entered the English language.However, although English took many French words, their meanings have not always stayed the same.Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important, and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way.
Take the French word college for example.In English, college can often be used in place of the word university, or sometimes as a school within a university.However, in French, college actually means “middle school”， or the level of schooling for students in grades five or six through eight.
There are many other similar words in the two languages with completely different meanings.In English, the word chat is a verb which means “to talk casually”； but in French, the word chat is the word for an animal: a cat.
If an English speaker says someone is jolly, that means they are cheerful or friendly.But in French, jolie means someone is good-looking or pleasant to look at.In any case, both are nice things to say to someone.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了英语中存在大量法语词汇的现象，解释了其原因并举例说明了它们在英语中和法语中的不同含义。
1．What does the author stress about the French words in English?
A．Their spelling forms.
B．Their changes in history.
C．Their puzzles for English.
D．Their different meanings.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中However, although English took many French words, their meanings have not always stayed the same.Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important, and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way.可知，作者强调了英语中的法语单词的不同含义，故选D项。
2．What does a Frenchman mean if he says he likes a chat?
A．He likes a kind of pet.
B．He wants to have a talk.
C．He hates to speak English.
D．He prefers to chat in French.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中In English, the word chat is a verb which means “to talk casually”； but in French, the word chat is the word for an animal: a cat.可知，如果一个法国人说他喜欢a chat，他的意思是“他喜欢一种宠物。”，因为在法语里chat是cat的意思，故选A项。
3．What is the French word “jolie” used to do?
A．Replace “jolly” in English.
B．Describe people’s looks.
C．Refer to people’s happiness.
D．Prove the change in French.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中But in French, jolie means someone is good-looking or pleasant to look at.可知，在法语中jolie的意思是说某人长得好看或看上去是令人愉快的。由此可知jolie 在法语里是用来“描述人的外表”，故选B项。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Comparison between two languages.
B．Difficulty in grasping English.
C．French words in English.
D．Development of English.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文中You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French.和Over time, the two languages combined and shared words.Some researchers believe that about 10，000 French words eventually entered the English language.可知，本文主要讲述的是“英语中的法语单词”，故选C项。
B
It’s hard to talk to Dad sometimes.His silence about his feelings and thoughts made him mysterious and hard to see through.You could never break his hard shell and get to know him.And he seemed to want to stay that way, too.
But a year ago when my relationship with my wife and career took a hit, I needed my dad to pull__back__the__curtain so I could see him as real and accessible.I was facing serious problems, and I wanted to know whether he had faced them before and how he had found his way, because I felt like I had lost mine.In desperation, it occurred to me that sending an email might be the key, so I wrote him one, telling him about my regrets and fears, and I asked him to answer, if he felt like it.
Two weeks later, it showed up in my inbox：a much-thought，three-page letter.Dad，a 68-year-old retired technologist and grandfather of four，had carefully considered my message，and crafted a response.He mentioned his lost love，the foolish mistake he made in career and the stupid pride he had between him and his parents.He comforted me that “life will still find its right track despite many of its twists and turns”．
I closed the email and started to cry, because I wished I had opened it up earlier but was grateful it wasn’t too late.I cried because at 33, in the midst of my own struggles, his letter instantly put me at ease.And I cried because in the end, it was so simple：I just had to hit “Send”．
We’ve since had many email exchanges.This increasing communication opened a door into his world.My problems haven’t been magically solved，but getting to know my dad better has made the tough stuff more manageable and life sweeter.It’s hard to talk to Dad sometimes, but I’m glad I found a way to talk to mine.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。与一个沉默寡言的父亲交谈有时很难，但作者却找到了一个很好的与父亲交流的方式，那就是发电子邮件。
5．The author’s dad can be best described as ________．
A．quiet and caring
B．optimistic and careless
C．selfish and lonely
D．indifferent and serious
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“His silence about his feelings and thoughts”可知，父亲是沉默寡言的；根据第三段可知，其实父亲很关心作者。A项意为“安静和体贴的”；B项意为“乐观和粗心的”；C项意为“自私和孤独的”；D项意为“冷漠和严肃的”。故选A。
6．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by “________”．
A．draw the curtain
B．become more optimistic
C．show his true self
D．clear the misunderstanding
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的“so I could see him as real and accessible”可知，作者需要父亲展现真实的自己。故选C。
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Communication Is the Best Policy
B．Emails from My Dad
C．A Man of Few Words
D．My Mysterious Dad
B 解析：标题归纳题。作者与父亲之间真正的内心情感交流是由父亲回复的邮件开始的，也是这封邮件让作者找到了与父亲交流的途径。B项紧扣主题。故选B。
8．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．My dad’s email was quickly written.
B．I was moved when reading the email.
C．The email contained much information.
D．I wished I could have consulted him earlier.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Two weeks later, it showed up in my inbox：a much-thought，three-page letter.”可知，父亲的邮件并不是很快写完的。故选A。
七选五
Every day, in hundreds of ordinary situations, actions speak far louder than words.We talk with our mouth, but we communicate with our facial expressions, our tone of voice and our whole body.
1．________ When we can read what others are saying unconsciously, we can deal with things, at work and at home, before they become problems.
By understanding how to use body language, you can communicate more effectively.Here is how：
?2.________ Throughout the day, notice details about the way you speak, gesture and move.When standing, keep your shoulders straight, your body open and your weight balanced on both feet.
?Work on your handshake.3.________ The handshake most likely to show confidence is firm and dry with strong but not too much pressure.
?Use eye contact.Eye contact is very important in forming an impression of someone.You should have the ability to keep direct eye contact if you want to be taken seriously.But some people feel uncomfortable when it is too strong.4.________
?Be yourself.Nonverbal(非言语的) messages come from deep inside you, from your own sense of self-respect.If you are comfortable with yourself, it shows.5.________ They always give others a deep impression.
A．Use hand gestures carefully.
B．Pay attention to your body language.
C．A mirror can be useful to examine facial expressions.
D．People who know who they are have a relaxed way of talking and moving.
E．In the business world, the handshake shows important messages about power.
F．Understanding body language is one of the most useful skills you can develop.
G．To avoid this problem, change your focus so that you look at somewhere between the eyes and the chin.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了肢体语言的作用以及使用肢体语言的四条建议。
1．F 解析：根据下文内容可知，本段主要介绍了读懂肢体语言的作用，故选F“理解肢体语言是你能培养的最有用的技能之一”。
2．B 解析：通读本段可知，本段主要介绍了应当如何注意日常生活中的肢体语言；结合空后一句中的“notice”可以判断，选B项。
3．E 解析：由空前一句可知，本段主要谈的是“如何握手”这一话题，所以选E项，E项介绍了生意场上正确握手的重要性。
4．G 解析：由空前一句可知，如果你和某人的眼神交流过于直接，这种强烈的“直视”可能会让对方不舒服；据此可以判断，空处介绍的是避免此问题的方法，故G项正确。
5．D 解析：根据空处的下一句可知，他们会给他人留下深刻的印象；据此可以判断，D项“那些知道自己是谁的人拥有能够让人放松的交谈和行为方式”符合语境。空后的They指代D项中的“People who know who they are”。
语法填空
Getting better grades can be hard. However, you can achieve it if steps 1.____________(take)．Firstly, make good use 2.____________ class time. Do your reading before class, and if anything confuses(使困惑) you, think out questions you can ask in class. When your teacher asks 3.____________ question, put up your hand to give an answer. If you are 4.____________(nature) shy, take a breath, relax and do your best 5.____________(ignore) other people’s opinions. More importantly, clearly write down what your teacher says in class.
Secondly, pay attention to your homework. Try to find a place where there are no 6.____________(noise)．Put your phone out of sight so you won’t be attracted to it.After studying for 45 minutes, take 15 minutes to get up, move or do another activity 7.____________ gives your brain a rest.
Finally, take care of 8.____________(you)．Not getting enough sleep is terrible for your grades. So go to bed early and sleep about eight hours every night.And physical exercise 9.____________(be) helpful for you to improve your grades.So, if you don’t play a sport or have gym class every day, spend 30 minutes after school 10.____________(walk) to get some exercise.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何提高学习成绩。
1．are taken 解析：主语为steps, 与take之间是被动关系，故填are taken。
2．of 解析：make good use of...充分利用……。
3．a 解析：可数名词单数前需要用冠词，且此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。
4．naturally 解析：该空修饰形容词shy, 故填nature的副词形式naturally。
5．to ignore 解析：do one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事。
6．noises 解析：根据该空前的are可知， 此处应用noise的复数形式， 表示“各种噪音”。
7．that/which 解析：先行词为another activity, 关系词在从句中作主语， 故填that或which。
8．yourself 解析：该空所填词在句中作宾语且指代主语本身， 故填you的反身代词形式yourself。
9．is 解析：主语为physical exercise, 且表示一般情况， 故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式， 时态用一般现在时。
10．walking 解析：spend time doing sth.花时间做某事。
Section Ⅲ Using language & Writing
构词法
英语的构词法主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生法。
合成法
合成词是由两个或更多的词合成的词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词，还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。合成词一般直接连写在一起，也有的合成词之间用连字符“-”，还有的由分开的两个词构成。
1．合成名词
构词方式
例词
名词＋名词
headmaster 校长
名词＋动名词
ship-building 造船(业)
speed-reading 快速阅读
名词＋动词＋er(or)
painkiller 止痛药
形容词＋名词
highway 公路
动词＋副词
get-together 聚会，联欢会
副词＋动词
output 产量
upkeep 保养，维修
介词(副词)＋名词
upland 高地，山地
upshot 结局
分词＋副词
grown-up 成年人
名词＋介词
looker-on 旁观者
passer-by 路人
动词＋介词
go-between 中间人，媒人
名词＋介词＋名词
son-in-law 女婿
sister-in-law 嫂子，姑子
2.合成形容词
构词方式
例词
形容词＋名词＋ed
warm-hearted 热心肠的
cold-blooded 冷血的
middle-aged 中年的
bare-footed 赤脚的
形容词＋现在分词
good-looking 好看的
easy-going 容易相处的
形容词＋过去分词
new-born 新生的
ready-made 现成的
副词＋现在分词
hard-working 勤劳的
名词＋现在分词
English-speaking
说英语的
peace-loving 爱好和平的
副词＋过去分词
newly-built 新建的
well-known 闻名的
名词＋过去分词
man-made 人造的
heart-felt 由衷的
数词＋名词＋形容词
twelve-year-old 十二岁的
five-meter-long 五米长的
3.合成副词
构词方式
例词
介词＋名词
underfoot 在脚下
beforehand 事先
副词＋名词
upstairs 在楼上
downstairs 在楼下
副词＋副词
however 无论如何，
然而，可是
代词＋副词
anywhere 任何地方
somehow 不知怎么地
形容词＋副词
nowhere 没有地方
代词＋名词
someday (今后)有 一天
someway 以某种方式
副词＋介词
nearby 附近
4.合成动词
构词方式
例词
副词＋动词
overthrow 推翻
overcome 克服
名词＋动词
typewrite 打字
sleepwalk 梦游
形容词＋动词
broadcast 广播
whitewash 粉刷，粉饰
5.合成代词
构词方式
例词
代词宾格＋-self
itself 它自身
物主代词＋-self
myself 我自己
形容词＋名词
anything 任何东西
something 某物，某事
6.合成介词
构词方式
例词
副词＋名词
inside 在……里面
介词＋副词
within 在……之内
without 没有
副词＋介词
into 进入
(1)由“可数名词＋介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变复数。
*sister-in-law→sisters-in-law
*passer-by→passers-by
*looker-on→lookers-on
(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。
*a woman teacher→women teachers
*a man doctor→men doctors
(3)由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。
*a girlfriend→girlfriends
转化法
转化即一个单词由一种词性转变为另一种或几种词性。
转化词
例词
动词→名词
walk v．行走→walk n．散步
swim v．游泳→swim n．游泳
名词→动词
表示物体的
book n．书→book v．预订
ship n．船→ship v．用船运输
表示人体部位的
hand n．手→hand v．递交
head n．头→head v．朝……方向
名词→动词
表示一类人的
nurse n．护士→nurse v．护理
fool n．傻子→fool v．愚弄
表示自然现象的
rain n．雨→rain v．下雨
snow n．雪→snow v．下雪
形容词→动词
dry adj.干的→dry v．使变干
clean adj.干净的→clean v．把……擦干净
副词→动词
out adv.出来→out v．揭露
形容词→名词
white adj.白色的→white n．白人
native adj.本地的→native n．本地人
特殊转化
must v．必须→must n．必须做的事
派生法
派生即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意思，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单词的词性，并不引起词义的变化。
分类
总结
例词
前缀
表示
否定
意义
的前
缀
表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-， il-， im-， in-，ir-， mis-， non-， un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
legal合法的→illegal非法的
lead带领→mislead误导
stop停下→non-stop不停的
possible可能的→impossible不可能的
regular规则的→irregular不规则的
smoker吸烟的人→non-smoker不吸烟的人
usual寻常的→unusual不寻常的
其他意义
的前
缀
表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a-表状态；for-，fore-先，前，预；inter-间，相互；micro-微；mid-中；mini-微型的；re-重，再，复；super-上，超；tele-远距离的
sleep睡觉→asleep睡着的
see看见→foresee预见
national国家的→international 国际的
film影片→microfilm 微型胶片
night夜晚→midnight午夜
bus公交车→minibus小型公共汽车
write写→rewrite重写
market市场→supermarket超市
scope眼界→telescope 望远镜
续 表
分类
总结
例词
前
缀
改变
词性
的前
缀
改变词性的前缀有：en-，de-，be-，a-，out等。en-前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de-前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反；be-前缀通常加在名词或形容词前构成动词；a-前缀通常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词；out-前缀通常加在名词之前构成形容词，加在动词之前构成名词。
large大的→enlarge扩大
courage勇气→encourage鼓励
value价值→devalue降低……的价值
friend朋友→befriend与……交朋友
little小的→belittle轻视
board甲板→aboard在船上
side旁边→aside在旁边
door门→outdoor户外的
break打破→outbreak爆发
后
缀
构成
名词
的后
缀
构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-ese(表某地人或语言)，-er/-or/-ist(表人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(精通……的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ment，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等
absent缺席的→absence缺勤
China中国→Chinese中国人，汉语
clean清扫→cleaner清洁工
visit拜访→visitor来访者
art艺术→artist艺术家
agree同意→agreement同意
kind善良的→kindness善良
invent发明→invention发明
构成形容
词的
后缀
构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)等。
nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的
gold金子→golden金的
east东→eastern东方的
China中国→Chinese中国人的
child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy下雪的
后
缀
构成
副词
的后
缀
构成副词的后缀常用的有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)
angry生气的→angrily生气地
to到→towards朝……，向……
east东方→eastward向东
构成动词
的后
缀
构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成为)
wide宽的→widen加宽
beauty美人，美好→beautify美化
pure纯的→purify提纯
real真的→realize意识到
organ器官→organize组织
单句语法填空
1．I can’t find my toys anywhere—they’ve entirely disappeared(appear)．
2．Being unable(able) to afford a proper home after getting married, the couple moved into a mountain cave.
3．It’s a(n) informal(formal) party, so you needn’t go home to get changed.
4．It was impolite(polite) of you to ask him the personal question in front of so many people.
5．His parents completely misunderstood(understand) him and criticized(批评) him heavily.
6．Tom was encouraged(courage) by his father to take part in the singing competition.
7．On a stormy(storm) night, his son was missing on the way back home.
8．Their product is friendly(friend) to the environment and popular with customers.
9．He didn’t like his work; he did it simply(simple) for the money.
10．Martin was very helpful(help); we couldn’t have finished the work on time without him.
11．Mr.Lee said that the smiles and happiness(happy) of the children gave him great courage every day.
12．This latest teaching equipment(equip) in our class is said to have cost a lot of money.
判断下列画线单词的词性和意思
1．Mary is drawing water from the well and looks quite well．
第一个well是名词，井；第二个well是形容词，气色好，身体好。
2．I have booked my ticket and bought three books for my sister.
第一个book是动词，预订；第二个book是名词，书。
3．My brother is studying for the coming examination in our father’s study．
第一个study是动词，学习；第二个study是名词，书房。
4．Let’s go out for a walk after supper, but don’t walk too fast.
第一个walk是名词，散步；第二个walk是动词，走。
5．Although my new cellphone has many functions,__it doesn’t fun_ction well.
第一个fun_ction是名词，功能；第二个fun_ction是动词，起作用，运转。
讲故事
文体感知
故事属于记叙文文体。写作时要注意以下几点：
1．描述的生动性和准确性
记叙文讲述你或者他人经历过的事情。你可以描述一种个人经历，说说什么让你成长，或是谁帮助了你。
2．六大元素的完整性
六大元素：介绍、设定、情节、人物、高潮和结局。
介绍：开头。如何设置这个故事？开头会有什么重要信息关联到后续情节？
设定：故事发生的背景。它是怎样的一个环境？怎样描述才能让读者身临其境？
情节：故事的主体。这个故事为什么值得讲？
人物：这个故事描述了怎样的角色？这些角色又演绎了什么样的故事？
高潮：一切结束之前的那个悬疑点。你需要考虑的是，接下来发生的事需不需要讲述。
结局：所有的事情都结束了。故事的主旨是什么？事物、人物、想法都有了什么样的改变？
3．观点的鲜明性
基本上记叙文都带着作者的观点。在讲故事时，故事得有一个明确的论点。好好思考你想要告诉读者信息。
增分佳句
常用开头
1．It happened...事情发生在……
2．With the coming of..., ...are eager to express respect and love for...
随着……的到来，……渴望表达对……的尊敬和爱戴。
3．On...I was...as usual. Suddenly, I．..
在……我像往常一样……，突然，我……
4．It impressed me most because...
它给我留的印象最深，是因为……
5．So it is of great importance for me to show my respect for...所以对于我来说，对……表示我的尊敬是很重要的。
6．On one hand...on the other hand.../For one thing...for another...一方面……另一方面……
常用主体
1．Firstly...and secondly...To make matters worse... As a result...第一……第二……更糟糕的是……结果……
2．At first...and at the same time...At last...
首先……与此同时……最后……
3．It happened...I still remember when...It impressed me most because...
它发生在……我始终记得当时……它留给我的印象最深刻，是因为……
4．As a matter of a fact...事实上……
常用结尾
1．Considering all these/Taking all these into consideration...On one hand...on the other hand...In conclusion...
考虑到……一方面……另一方面……总之……。
2．On my way back to...I thought a lot...Moreover/What’s more...If we are always ready to...
在我回……的路上，我想了很多……而且……如果我们时刻做好准备去……
3．Considering all these, I believe that...First of all...Furthermore/Besides...Therefore...
考虑到……我相信……首先……而且……因此……
写作要求
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，美国留学生Jack正在中国学汉语。他觉得自己的汉语学的很不错了，但仍有些疑惑。听说今天你带他的吃的是“老婆饼”和“叫花鸡”，他觉得很吃惊，吃后却觉得很好吃。请用英语写一则故事叙述今天发生的事。
写作要求：
1．词数80左右。
2．可以增加细节，以使行文连贯。
词汇提示：小吃 snack；老婆饼Wife Cake；叫花鸡Beggar’s Chicken
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
记叙文
话题
中西文化差异
时态
一般过去时和一般现在时
人称
第一人称和第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①一说起 speaking__of
②令人困惑的 confusing
③反映；思考 reflect
④干得不错 do__a__good__job
⑤实际上 actually
⑥交换 exchange
2．句式
①Jack对理解中国小吃有点困难。
普通表达：It is hard for Jack to understand Chinese snacks.
高级表达：Jack__has__some__trouble__understanding__Chinese__snacks.(have trouble doing)
②他不喜欢一些中国小吃的名字，更不想去品尝它们。
普通表达：He doesn’t like the names of some Chinese snacks. He doesn’t want to eat them, either.
高级表达：He doesn’t like the names of some Chinese snacks.Neither__does__he__want__to__eat__them. (neither引导倒装句)
③我花了不少时间才说服他尝一尝。
普通表达：It took a long time for me to ask him to have a try.
高级表达：I__spent__a__long__time__persuading__him__to__have__a__try.(spend time doing和persuade)
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Jack, an American exchange student, is one of my friends living in China，who can speak Chinese very fluently. And he thought he did a very good job in learning Chinese.
But Jack still has some trouble understanding Chinese snacks. He likes Chinese dumplings, in which there are his favourite fillings. He doesn’t like the names of some Chinese snacks. Neither does he want to eat them.One day I bought him some Wife Cakes and a Beggar’s Chicken which really surprised him. He thought I was joking. I spent a long time persuading him to have a try.
After eating，he fell in love with them.I like these names of Chinese snacks，which reflect the wisdom of Chinese people.
单句语法填空
1．He had misread(read) a road sign and taken the wrong way.
2．It is hoped that natural(nature) resources will be found on Mars.
3．He was one of the greatest thinkers(think) and had a great effect on Chinese culture.
4．We hope these lovely children grow happily and healthily(health) every day.
5．On New Year’s Day, we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted warmly(warm) at each house.
6．Many accidents are caused by some drivers’ carelessness(careless)．
7．After a long discussion(discuss) with her father, she decided not to take the job.
8．The boy didn’t pass the entrance examination, so his parents were unhappy(happy) about the result.
9．The Great Wall in China left a deep impression(impress) on the people all over the world.
10．Father looked at the result of his son’s examination with satisfaction(satisfy) and pride.
阅读理解
We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.When we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.
First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example, the word “dog” can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbor’s dog.No language has a separate word for the idea “dog that I saw yesterday” and another word for the idea “dog that I saw in a dream”. This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So, when you have a conversation with your friend, the knowledge that your neighbor has a dog tells your friend what the word “dog” probably means in that situation.
The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example, the word “bank” has two possible meanings.It can mean “a place where people keep money”， but it can also mean “the side of a river”. So the sentence “I went to the bank” is not clear.It could mean “I went to the side of a river” or it could mean “I went to the place where my money is kept”. However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know that “bank” means “the side of a river”．
The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not very particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。
1．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．the best time and place to talk to others
B．how speaking situation helps language work
C．what to say in difficult situations
D．how our language works
B 解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用，故选B。
2．According to the passage, we can safely say that ________．
A．a speaking situation does not affect the meaning of words
B．speaking is not very natural for most people
C．a speaking situation is not important
D．people often do not consider how talking works
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.”可知，选D。
3．By using the example of the word “dog”， the writer wants to show that ________．
A．a word may need to be explained in a conversation
B．a word may have different meanings
C．speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word
D．the meaning of words is not particular
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话“First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.”和下文的“For example...”可知，下文正是用“dog”一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话，故选C。
4．According to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word “bank” by referring to ________．
A．the time and the place where the conversation happens
B．the occupation of the person who uses the word
C．earlier or later parts of the conversation
D．a reliable dictionary
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段所讲，作者用“bank”一词举例说明对话中这个词之前或之后的部分决定了这个词的具体含义，故选C。
语法填空
(2019·辽宁实验中学高一期末)Keeping a diary in English is one of the most 1.____________(effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.
2．____________(compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes 3.____________(little) time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we persist in this practice, gradually we 4.____________(learn) how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 5.____________(difficult). In the first place, it often happens that we have difficulty 6.____________(find) proper words and phrases to express our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is 7.____________(extreme) hard for us to put them into English properly.
As far as I’m concerned, my suggestion is 8.____________ we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher 9.____________ help, if necessary. In 10.____________ word, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了用英语记日记是提高我们英语写作能力的最有效的方法之一。
1．effective 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词ways应用形容词，effective意为“有效的”。
2．Compared 解析：考查过去分词作状语。句意：与其他形式的写作相比，它更短，花的时间更少。本句中主语it指的是Keeping a diary in English(用英语记日记)，和compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作状语，compared with...意为“与……相比较”。
3．less 解析：考查形容词比较级。根据句意及and前的shorter可知本空应用比较级形式，形容词little的比较级为less。
4．will learn 解析：考查时态。句意：如果我们坚持这种做法，我们将逐渐地学会用英语表达自己。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句应用一般将来时。
5．difficulties 解析：考查名词复数。句意：在用英语记日记的过程中，我们肯定会遇到许多困难。形容词many修饰可数名词复数，故本空应用名词复数difficulties。
6．finding 解析：考查动名词作宾语。句意：首先，我们很难找到合适的单词或短语来表达我们的想法的事情时有发生。have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，故本空应用动名词形式作宾语。
7．extremely 解析：考查副词。句意：并且我们很难恰当地把它们翻译成英语。修饰形容词hard应用副词extremely。
8．that 解析：考查表语从句。句意：就我而言，我的建议是我们应该手边经常有一本笔记本和一本汉英词典。本句中 8.________ we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.为表语从句，从句中不缺成分，故应用that引导表语从句。
9．for 解析：考查介词。句意：如果有必要的话，我们也可以向我们的英语老师寻求帮助。turn to sb.for help意为“向某人寻求帮助”，故本空应用介词for。
10．a 解析：考查冠词。句意：总之，我相信用英语写日记对我们的写作能力的发展有很大的帮助。in a word意为“总之”，故本空应用不定冠词a。
应用文写作
假设你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你校拟举办主题为“英语学习”的讲座。请你根据所给要点，代表学生会以短文形式写一则英文海报。
要点：
时间：下周二下午2：00－4：00
地点：学校礼堂
内容：1.英语学习经验与方法介绍；
2．就英语学习中的困惑进行现场答疑。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．海报应含所有信息，可适当增加细节。
参考词汇：讲座lecture
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
A Lecture on English Learning
Want to improve your English? Come and join us!
A lecture on “English learning” is to be held in our school hall from 2：00 to 4：00 next Tuesday afternoon. The lecturer will share his learning experience with us. In addition, he will introduce some methods of learning English. After the lecture, you can ask him for advice on any problems you have while learning English.
You’ll learn a great deal from this lecture!
Students’ Union
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
That first afternoon, when I came downstairs from my classroom and put my hand in my mailbox, I got a sinking feeling in my stomach. The check I expected and badly needed wasn’t there.
When I asked the school secretary what happened, she informed me that the teachers weren’t paid until the end of the month. This was a problem. I had only four dollars left, and the end of the month was a whole month away.
My first teaching experience had been in a small school in Missouri, where the teachers always received the first month’s check the first day of school. Now, here in the big St. Louis Public School System, I found things worked differently.
What to do? I had come into St. Louis two weeks before as required for all new teachers to prepare their lessons and had spent my little reserve. Now with the four dollars I couldn’t even pay for my cheap motel room that night, much less buy dinner and gasoline.
I had my trumpet(小号) in the car, as I played the trumpet and a little piano. So I did something most musicians have done at one time or another. I decided to pawn(典当) my trumpet.
I drove downtown to an unpleasant area where the pawn shops and cheap bars were. I pawned my trumpet for fifteen dollars, and now I had enough money to get__through the night and the next day of school, but then what?
There was a little bar nearby. I walked in and ordered a thirty－cent beer. I was the only customer. I sat there sipping my beer and trying to think my way out of this problem．
“You look like you lost your last friend, Son，”said the owner of the bar.“What’s the matter？”
His name was Charlie,__and he was a pleasant man about 60, which seemed quite old to me at the time. I was about 24.I told him what had happened and about pawning my trumpet. Then I stared at the old piano I had seen as I came in the door.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
“Play the piano, too, do you？”asked Charlie. _______________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
When, after a month, I finally got paid, I went back to the bar._____________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
“Play the piano, too, do you？”asked Charlie. Wearing a pleasant smile on his face, he said，“Perhaps it can help you get__through the trouble.”I felt my eyes light up at the invitation.“Really？”A feeling of hesitation, however, fell upon me. Finding the anxiety in my eyes, Charlie put his hands on my shoulder, encouraging me to give it a try. When I finished a piece, he applauded.“No problem at all！”Since then, I would often spend time in the bar and make the most relaxing time. Though there was usually no customer at all, Charlie was invariably my royal listener.
Paragraph 2：
When, after a month, I finally got paid, I went back to the bar. With great gratitude towards Charlie, I knocked at the door. However, no one came to answer the door. Then it confused me that the door was not locked and there was nothing inside except the old piano. A piece of paper on it drew my attention. I learnt from the letter that Charlie had been to California and would never come back. But what impressed me most was the last line and it remains my motto. It reads，“God never takes your hope away.”
《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔十年磨一剑的作品，也是其唯一的作品。作品刻画了那个时代的许多美国南方人的形象，成功地再现了林肯领导的南北战争和美国南方地区的社会生活。
[词句积累]
1．educational/?ed?u
?keI??nl/adj.教育
的；有教育意义的
2．comprehend/?k?m
prI?hend/vt.理解
3．exaggerated/Iɡ?z?
d??reItId/adj.夸张的，言过其实的
4．mount/ma?nt/v.
登上；骑上
5．If the educational equipment which Gerald brought to America was scant, he did not even know it.
分析：该句含有if引导的条件状语从句，其中which引导的定语从句修饰先行词equipment。
Gone with the Wind(excerpt)
If the educational equipment which Gerald brought to America was scant, he did not even know it. Nor would he have cared if he had been told. His mother had taught him to read and to write in a clear hand. He was adept at ciphering. And there his book knowledge stopped. The only Latin he knew was the responses of the Mass and the only history the manifold wrongs of Ireland. He knew no poetry save that of Moore and no music except the songs of Ireland that had come down through the years. While he entertained the liveliest respect for those who had more book learning than he, he never felt his own lack. And what need had he of these things in a new country where the most ignorant of bogtrotters had made great fortunes in this country which asked only that a man be strong and unafraid of work?
He liked the South，and he soon became, in his own opinion, a Southerner. There was much about the South—and Southerners—that he would never comprehend; but, with the wholeheartedness that was his nature, he adopted its ideas and customs, as he understood them, for his own—poker and horse racing, red-hot politics and the code duello, States’ Rights and damnation to all Yankees, slavery and King Cotton, contempt for white trash and exaggerated courtesy to women. He even learned to chew tobacco. There was no need for him to acquire a good head for whisky; he had been born with one.
But Gerald remained Gerald. His habits of living and his ideas changed, but his manners he would not change, even had he been able to change them. He admired the drawling elegance of the wealthy rice and cotton planters, who rode into Savannah from their moss-hung kingdoms, mounted on thoroughbred horses and followed by the carriages of their equally elegant ladies and the wagons of their slaves.
《飘》(节选)
到美国来之前，杰拉尔德没有受过多少教育，可是他对此并不怎么有自知之明。其实，即使别人给他指出，他也不会在意。他母亲教过他读书写字。他很善于做算术题。他的书本知识就只有这些。他唯一懂得的拉丁文是做弥撒时应答牧师的用语，唯一的历史知识则是爱尔兰的种种冤屈。他在诗歌方面，只知道穆尔的作品，音乐则限于历代流传下来的爱尔兰歌曲。他尽管对那些比他有学问的人怀有敬意，可是从来也没感觉到自己的缺陷。而且，在一个新的国家，在一个连那些最愚昧的爱尔兰人也在此发了大财的国家，在一个只要求你强壮不怕干活的国家，他需要这些东西干什么呢？
他喜欢南方，并且自己以为自己很快就成了南方人。的确，关于南方和南方人，有许多东西是他永远也不会理解的。不过，南方人的有些思想习惯，如玩扑克、赛马、争论政治和举行决斗、争取州权和咒骂北方佬、维护奴隶制和棉花至上主义、轻视下流白人和过分讨好妇女等，他一旦理解便全心全意地接受，并且使它们成为他自己的。他甚至学会了咀嚼烟叶。至于喝威士忌的本领，他生来就已经具备，那是不用学的。
然而，杰拉尔德还是杰拉尔德。他的生活习惯和思想变了，但他不愿改变自己的态度，即使他能够改变。他羡慕那些种稻米和棉花的富裕种植园主，羡慕他们慢条斯理、温文尔雅地骑着纯种马，后面是载着他们文质彬彬的太太们的马车和载着奴隶们的大车，从他们的古旧王国向萨凡纳迤逦而来。
课件51张PPT。Unit 2 Exploring Englishdisappearedunableinformalimpolitemisunderstoodencouragedstormyfriendlysimplyhelpfulhappinessequipment第一个book是动词，预订；第二个book是名词，书。第一个study是动词，学习；第二个study是名词，书房。第一个walk是名词，散步；第二个walk是动词，走。speaking ofconfusingreflectdo a good jobactuallyexchangeJack has some trouble understanding Chinese snacks.Neither does he want to eat themI spent a long time persuading him to have a try.本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．He had misread(read) a road sign and taken the wrong way.
2．It is hoped that natural(nature) resources will be found on Mars.
3．He was one of the greatest thinkers(think) and had a great effect on Chinese culture.
4．We hope these lovely children grow happily and healthily(health) every day.
5．On New Year’s Day, we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted warmly(warm) at each house.
6．Many accidents are caused by some drivers’ carelessness(careless)．
7．After a long discussion(discuss) with her father, she decided not to take the job.
8．The boy didn’t pass the entrance examination, so his parents were unhappy(happy) about the result.
9．The Great Wall in China left a deep impression(impress) on the people all over the world.
10．Father looked at the result of his son’s examination with satisfaction(satisfy) and pride.
阅读理解
We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.When we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.
First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example, the word “dog” can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbor’s dog.No language has a separate word for the idea “dog that I saw yesterday” and another word for the idea “dog that I saw in a dream”. This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So, when you have a conversation with your friend, the knowledge that your neighbor has a dog tells your friend what the word “dog” probably means in that situation.
The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example, the word “bank” has two possible meanings.It can mean “a place where people keep money”， but it can also mean “the side of a river”. So the sentence “I went to the bank” is not clear.It could mean “I went to the side of a river” or it could mean “I went to the place where my money is kept”. However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know that “bank” means “the side of a river”．
The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not very particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。
1．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．the best time and place to talk to others
B．how speaking situation helps language work
C．what to say in difficult situations
D．how our language works
B 解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用，故选B。
2．According to the passage, we can safely say that ________．
A．a speaking situation does not affect the meaning of words
B．speaking is not very natural for most people
C．a speaking situation is not important
D．people often do not consider how talking works
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.”可知，选D。
3．By using the example of the word “dog”， the writer wants to show that ________．
A．a word may need to be explained in a conversation
B．a word may have different meanings
C．speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word
D．the meaning of words is not particular
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话“First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.”和下文的“For example...”可知，下文正是用“dog”一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话，故选C。
4．According to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word “bank” by referring to ________．
A．the time and the place where the conversation happens
B．the occupation of the person who uses the word
C．earlier or later parts of the conversation
D．a reliable dictionary
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段所讲，作者用“bank”一词举例说明对话中这个词之前或之后的部分决定了这个词的具体含义，故选C。
语法填空
(2019·辽宁实验中学高一期末)Keeping a diary in English is one of the most 1.____________(effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.
2．____________(compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes 3.____________(little) time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we persist in this practice, gradually we 4.____________(learn) how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 5.____________(difficult). In the first place, it often happens that we have difficulty 6.____________(find) proper words and phrases to express our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is 7.____________(extreme) hard for us to put them into English properly.
As far as I’m concerned, my suggestion is 8.____________ we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher 9.____________ help, if necessary. In 10.____________ word, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了用英语记日记是提高我们英语写作能力的最有效的方法之一。
1．effective 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词ways应用形容词，effective意为“有效的”。
2．Compared 解析：考查过去分词作状语。句意：与其他形式的写作相比，它更短，花的时间更少。本句中主语it指的是Keeping a diary in English(用英语记日记)，和compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作状语，compared with...意为“与……相比较”。
3．less 解析：考查形容词比较级。根据句意及and前的shorter可知本空应用比较级形式，形容词little的比较级为less。
4．will learn 解析：考查时态。句意：如果我们坚持这种做法，我们将逐渐地学会用英语表达自己。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句应用一般将来时。
5．difficulties 解析：考查名词复数。句意：在用英语记日记的过程中，我们肯定会遇到许多困难。形容词many修饰可数名词复数，故本空应用名词复数difficulties。
6．finding 解析：考查动名词作宾语。句意：首先，我们很难找到合适的单词或短语来表达我们的想法的事情时有发生。have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，故本空应用动名词形式作宾语。
7．extremely 解析：考查副词。句意：并且我们很难恰当地把它们翻译成英语。修饰形容词hard应用副词extremely。
8．that 解析：考查表语从句。句意：就我而言，我的建议是我们应该手边经常有一本笔记本和一本汉英词典。本句中 8.________ we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.为表语从句，从句中不缺成分，故应用that引导表语从句。
9．for 解析：考查介词。句意：如果有必要的话，我们也可以向我们的英语老师寻求帮助。turn to sb.for help意为“向某人寻求帮助”，故本空应用介词for。
10．a 解析：考查冠词。句意：总之，我相信用英语写日记对我们的写作能力的发展有很大的帮助。in a word意为“总之”，故本空应用不定冠词a。
应用文写作
假设你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你校拟举办主题为“英语学习”的讲座。请你根据所给要点，代表学生会以短文形式写一则英文海报。
要点：
时间：下周二下午2：00－4：00
地点：学校礼堂
内容：1.英语学习经验与方法介绍；
2．就英语学习中的困惑进行现场答疑。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．海报应含所有信息，可适当增加细节。
参考词汇：讲座lecture
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
A Lecture on English Learning
Want to improve your English? Come and join us!
A lecture on “English learning” is to be held in our school hall from 2：00 to 4：00 next Tuesday afternoon. The lecturer will share his learning experience with us. In addition, he will introduce some methods of learning English. After the lecture, you can ask him for advice on any problems you have while learning English.
You’ll learn a great deal from this lecture!
Students’ Union
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
That first afternoon, when I came downstairs from my classroom and put my hand in my mailbox, I got a sinking feeling in my stomach. The check I expected and badly needed wasn’t there.
When I asked the school secretary what happened, she informed me that the teachers weren’t paid until the end of the month. This was a problem. I had only four dollars left, and the end of the month was a whole month away.
My first teaching experience had been in a small school in Missouri, where the teachers always received the first month’s check the first day of school. Now, here in the big St. Louis Public School System, I found things worked differently.
What to do? I had come into St. Louis two weeks before as required for all new teachers to prepare their lessons and had spent my little reserve. Now with the four dollars I couldn’t even pay for my cheap motel room that night, much less buy dinner and gasoline.
I had my trumpet(小号) in the car, as I played the trumpet and a little piano. So I did something most musicians have done at one time or another. I decided to pawn(典当) my trumpet.
I drove downtown to an unpleasant area where the pawn shops and cheap bars were. I pawned my trumpet for fifteen dollars, and now I had enough money to get__through the night and the next day of school, but then what?
There was a little bar nearby. I walked in and ordered a thirty－cent beer. I was the only customer. I sat there sipping my beer and trying to think my way out of this problem．
“You look like you lost your last friend, Son，”said the owner of the bar.“What’s the matter？”
His name was Charlie,__and he was a pleasant man about 60, which seemed quite old to me at the time. I was about 24.I told him what had happened and about pawning my trumpet. Then I stared at the old piano I had seen as I came in the door.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
“Play the piano, too, do you？”asked Charlie. _______________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
When, after a month, I finally got paid, I went back to the bar._____________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
“Play the piano, too, do you？”asked Charlie. Wearing a pleasant smile on his face, he said，“Perhaps it can help you get__through the trouble.”I felt my eyes light up at the invitation.“Really？”A feeling of hesitation, however, fell upon me. Finding the anxiety in my eyes, Charlie put his hands on my shoulder, encouraging me to give it a try. When I finished a piece, he applauded.“No problem at all！”Since then, I would often spend time in the bar and make the most relaxing time. Though there was usually no customer at all, Charlie was invariably my royal listener.
Paragraph 2：
When, after a month, I finally got paid, I went back to the bar. With great gratitude towards Charlie, I knocked at the door. However, no one came to answer the door. Then it confused me that the door was not locked and there was nothing inside except the old piano. A piece of paper on it drew my attention. I learnt from the letter that Charlie had been to California and would never come back. But what impressed me most was the last line and it remains my motto. It reads，“God never takes your hope away.”
《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔十年磨一剑的作品，也是其唯一的作品。作品刻画了那个时代的许多美国南方人的形象，成功地再现了林肯领导的南北战争和美国南方地区的社会生活。
[词句积累]
1．educational/?ed?u
?keI??nl/adj.教育
的；有教育意义的
2．comprehend/?k?m
prI?hend/vt.理解
3．exaggerated/Iɡ?z?
d??reItId/adj.夸张的，言过其实的
4．mount/ma?nt/v.
登上；骑上
5．If the educational equipment which Gerald brought to America was scant, he did not even know it.
分析：该句含有if引导的条件状语从句，其中which引导的定语从句修饰先行词equipment。
Gone with the Wind(excerpt)
If the educational equipment which Gerald brought to America was scant, he did not even know it. Nor would he have cared if he had been told. His mother had taught him to read and to write in a clear hand. He was adept at ciphering. And there his book knowledge stopped. The only Latin he knew was the responses of the Mass and the only history the manifold wrongs of Ireland. He knew no poetry save that of Moore and no music except the songs of Ireland that had come down through the years. While he entertained the liveliest respect for those who had more book learning than he, he never felt his own lack. And what need had he of these things in a new country where the most ignorant of bogtrotters had made great fortunes in this country which asked only that a man be strong and unafraid of work?
He liked the South，and he soon became, in his own opinion, a Southerner. There was much about the South—and Southerners—that he would never comprehend; but, with the wholeheartedness that was his nature, he adopted its ideas and customs, as he understood them, for his own—poker and horse racing, red-hot politics and the code duello, States’ Rights and damnation to all Yankees, slavery and King Cotton, contempt for white trash and exaggerated courtesy to women. He even learned to chew tobacco. There was no need for him to acquire a good head for whisky; he had been born with one.
But Gerald remained Gerald. His habits of living and his ideas changed, but his manners he would not change, even had he been able to change them. He admired the drawling elegance of the wealthy rice and cotton planters, who rode into Savannah from their moss-hung kingdoms, mounted on thoroughbred horses and followed by the carriages of their equally elegant ladies and the wagons of their slaves.
《飘》(节选)
到美国来之前，杰拉尔德没有受过多少教育，可是他对此并不怎么有自知之明。其实，即使别人给他指出，他也不会在意。他母亲教过他读书写字。他很善于做算术题。他的书本知识就只有这些。他唯一懂得的拉丁文是做弥撒时应答牧师的用语，唯一的历史知识则是爱尔兰的种种冤屈。他在诗歌方面，只知道穆尔的作品，音乐则限于历代流传下来的爱尔兰歌曲。他尽管对那些比他有学问的人怀有敬意，可是从来也没感觉到自己的缺陷。而且，在一个新的国家，在一个连那些最愚昧的爱尔兰人也在此发了大财的国家，在一个只要求你强壮不怕干活的国家，他需要这些东西干什么呢？
他喜欢南方，并且自己以为自己很快就成了南方人。的确，关于南方和南方人，有许多东西是他永远也不会理解的。不过，南方人的有些思想习惯，如玩扑克、赛马、争论政治和举行决斗、争取州权和咒骂北方佬、维护奴隶制和棉花至上主义、轻视下流白人和过分讨好妇女等，他一旦理解便全心全意地接受，并且使它们成为他自己的。他甚至学会了咀嚼烟叶。至于喝威士忌的本领，他生来就已经具备，那是不用学的。
然而，杰拉尔德还是杰拉尔德。他的生活习惯和思想变了，但他不愿改变自己的态度，即使他能够改变。他羡慕那些种稻米和棉花的富裕种植园主，羡慕他们慢条斯理、温文尔雅地骑着纯种马，后面是载着他们文质彬彬的太太们的马车和载着奴隶们的大车，从他们的古旧王国向萨凡纳迤逦而来。
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.①Tom, behave yourself(you)．Did you forget the school rules？
②She is satisfied with the children’s good behavior(behave).
2.①We can conclude from his confused look that he is confused about this confusing problem.(confuse)
②He looked at me in confusion(confuse) and did not answer the question.
3.①I think you should stop for a moment and reflect on/upon your successes and failures.
②At first, I reflected that this poem is excellent, but on further reflection,__I found it rather boring.(reflect)
4.①The government planned to__create(create) more than 200 new jobs.
②Children are full of imagination and creativity(create).
③The idea for the advertisement is creative(create).
5.①He reminded me not to__forget(forget) my promise that I would buy a present for him.
②Your words remind me of my happy school times！
6.①She exchanged ideas with her new boss yesterday.
②You can exchange pounds for dollars in the hotel.
③I gave Mary an apple in exchange for my favorite banana.
重点短语
会书写
会应用
1.burn__up 烧完，烧毁，燃烧(能量)，火烧旺
2.burn__down (建筑物)(被)烧毁
3.be__made__up__of 由……组成
4.wind__up 扭动(把手等)；使(活动、会议
等)结束
5.look__forward__to 期待，盼望
1.If you walk home, your body will burn__up about 100 calories of energy.
2.If we all agree, let’s wind__up the discussion.
3.The winter holiday we looked__forward__to came at last.
4.Our class is__made__up of six groups.
5.A number of houses were burnt__down in the fire last year.
重点句型
1.have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English？
[仿写] 我读这封信有些困难， 因为他的书写很差。
I have__some__trouble__(in)__reading the letter，for his handwriting is very bad.
2.neither引导倒装句
Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
[仿写] 玛丽晚上从不看书，约翰也不看书。
Mary never does any reading in the evening, neither__does__John.
3.That is why...那就是……的原因
That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
[仿写] 汤姆今天早晨睡过头了，那就是他上班迟到的原因。
Tom overslept this morning.That__is__why__he__was__late__for__work.
4.not only...but (also)．..不但……而且……
Not only can you post specific questions, but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.
[仿写] 不但汤姆， 而且他的父母也喜欢看足球比赛。
Not__only__Tom__but__also__his__parents__are__fond__of watching football matches.
单元语法
单句语法填空
1．(2016·浙江卷6月)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially(especial) if you are travelling at high speed.
2．The care and love from teachers will leave an everlasting impression(impress) on students’ mind.
3．Surprisingly(surprise)，none of us agreed to the proposal.
4．It is dangerous(danger) for children under five years old to be left alone at home.
5．When things aren’t going well, my parents always encourage(encouragement) me to continue.
课件10张PPT。Unit 2 Exploring EnglishyourselfbehaviorUnit 2 Exploring Englishconfusedconfusedconfusingconfusionon/uponreflectedreflectionto createcreativitycreativeto forgetofwithforinburn upburn downbe made up ofwind uplook forward toburn upwind uplooked forward tois made upburnt downhave some trouble (in) readingneither does JohnThat is why he was late for workNot only Tom but also his parents are fond ofespeciallyimpressionSurprisinglydangerousencourage本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放单元过关检测(二)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the woman want?
A．John’s phone number.
B．John’s address.
C．John’s book.
2．How long did it take the man to get to the university today?
A．15 minutes. B．45 minutes. C．An hour.
3．What does the man ask the woman to do?
A．Park the car elsewhere.
B．Drive along a quiet street.
C．Stop here for a few minutes.
4．What will the man do right now?
A．Make dinner.
B．Wash the dishes.
C．Watch the news.
5．What are the two speakers talking about?
A．A new movie.
B．A weekend plan.
C．Online shopping.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、 B、 C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Brother and sister.
B．Parent and kid.
C．Customer and assistant.
7．What will the man do next?
A．Look for his camera.
B．Find his black overcoat.
C．Go to buy a pair of shoes.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Which of the following does the man dislike?
A．Taking some exercise.
B．Watching TV.
C．Collecting stamps.
9．What are the two speakers going to do on Sunday?
A．Learn a musical instrument.
B．Make bread at home.
C．Go fishing.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What is the man planning to do?
A．Borrow a book.
B．Enjoy a concert.
C．Attend a lecture.
11．What is the problem with taking the bus?
A．The bus won’t come immediately.
B．The bus doesn’t go directly.
C．The bus goes too slowly.
12．How will the man go there?
A．By subway. B．By bike. C．On foot.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What does the woman want to do during the holiday?
A．Do water sports.
B．Visit old buildings.
C．Take some pictures.
14．What do the two speakers have in common?
A．Both like working in a city.
B．Both like meeting new people.
C．Both like trying new hobbies.
15．Where does the man work?
A．In a library. B．In a hotel. C．In a museum.
16．What does the man think of camping?
A．It’s crowded.
B．It’s expensive.
C．It’s uncomfortable.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Who hosts The News?
A．Ted. B．Robert. C．Johnson.
18．Which show are famous people invited to take part in?
A．Nighttime.
B．The News.
C．The Children’s Room.
19．When does The Children’s Room finish?
A．At 5：30 p．m.
B．At 6：00 p．m.
C．At 7：00 p．m.
20．On which radio is there a show for people to answer questions and win money?
A．Radio 11. B．Radio 6. C．Radio 3.
答案：1－5.ACABB 6－10.ABACC 11－15.ACABA
16－20.CCAAC
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Do you happen to know John’s phone number？①
M：Yes，but I don’t have it here.I can look it up for you in my address book when I get home.
(Text 2)
W：You’re late.What happened?
M：It usually takes 45 minutes to get to the university by train but today it took 15 minutes longer.②
(Text 3)
M：I’m afraid you can’t leave your car here, Miss.
W：But I shall only be a few minutes.I’m just going in to pick up a package.
M：I’m afraid not, Miss.Parking is not allowed here.You can park on the next street.③It’s usually quiet there.
(Text 4)
W：Didn’t you say you would wash the dishes?
M：Uh, yes, I mean...after the news...④
W：Oh，I see.Maybe next time I’ll make dinner after the news, too.
M：OK, OK, I’ll do it right now.④
(Text 5)
M：It’s Friday today! The week went fast.So what are you going to do tomorrow？⑤
W：Nothing special.Maybe just do some shopping online?
M：Er...Shall we go to the movies?
W：OK.Not a bad idea.
(Text 6)
W：Have you finished packing?
M：Almost.I just need to find my camera.I want to take some pictures during the trip.Do you know where it is?
W：Er, I think Dad has it.⑥He wanted to take some pictures of his new office.
M：Then I’ll pack it later.
W：Oh, what about shoes and clothes？You may need another pair of shoes and an overcoat.
M：Do I really need to take so many clothes?
W：I’m afraid so.The trip will last two weeks, after all.
M：OK.I’ll take that black overcoat.⑦It’s my favorite.
(Text 7)
M：Now that I’m retired, I just don’t know what to do with all this free time.What do you do with yourself?
W：I like do-it-yourself projects at home.I love to make bread.How about collecting stamps?
M：It’s interesting, but I don’t have the money for such an expensive hobby.
W：What about taking some exercise？Running？Cycling?
M：I only like to watch them on TV. I don’t like spending too much time in doing exercise.It’s tiring.⑧
W：How about playing a musical instrument?
M：I’m too old to do that. I’ve always thought that fishing would be nice and relaxing.I know a good fishing place.Do you want to join me on Sunday?
W：Yes, it sounds good.⑨
(Text 8)
M：Can you tell me how to get to the Music Building from here?
W：Oh, are you new here?
M：Yes, I just got here last night.
W：By the way, is there a concert?
M：No, a famous professor will give a lecture there.⑩Can I go by subway?
W：The subway station is still under repair.And you cannot find a public bicycle at rush hours.
M：Oh, any other choices?
W：Well，you have two choices.If you want to go right now，you can walk straight down this street until you pass a library, and then turn right.The Music Building will be straight ahead.
M：How long will it take to get there?
W：At least twenty minutes.
M：What’s my other choice?
W：If you don’t mind waiting around for a while, you can take the bus.?The bus only takes about ten minutes to get there.But you have to wait for the bus.It leaves every hour on the hour.?
M：Well, I guess I might as well walk.?
(Text 9)
M：Hi, Liz.Where do you plan to go for the holiday?
W：Oh, the coast definitely！There’s so much to do by the ocean, you know, all sorts of water sports—sailing, surfing...?
M：That’s just not my idea of holiday.I like visiting old cities, you know, where you can try out a new hobby, like painting or photography or even bird-watching.
W：Cities? But you live in a city and work in a library.?
M：But I just love to see fantastic old buildings.Meeting new people is always interesting.
W：Well, I love meeting new people too，?but I’d hate to spend my holiday in a city—the noise and the crowds.And where do you stay？Cities can be pretty expensive.
M：Too right！But I always book a good hotel through a travel agency before I travel.
W：So do you have any plans for this holiday？I think you can try something different, such as hiking and camping.
M：Camping？You’re joking! It might be cheap—but...but I like my comfort and a warm bed at night.?
(Text 10)
Good evening, everyone！Here we are at the beginning of a new radio season, so let’s look at the best of the new and the old shows.First，the daily shows.I think the best daily show is The News on Radio 6 from 6：00 to 7：00 every evening, hosted by Johnson for many ears now.?This same place is a good choice for a late night show. The 90-minute show about famous people, Nighttime, is on at 11：30 every night.?This week，Teb will talk with three beautiful movie stars about their new films.In the afternoons, Radio 11 is really the only choice for a good children’s show.The Children’s Room is on at 3：30 p．m. every day.This show’s great educational games keep children happy and entertained for two hours.?Radio 3 has some great game shows，the best of which is The World at Large, which has lots of interesting questions, gives away a lot of money and is a good way to learn about the world, too.?I’m Robert, thanks.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共16小题；每小题2.5分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
St. Olaf Lineman(前锋) Camp
In an effort to help high school football players develop their full potential, St.Olaf College offers the learning camp for lineman players.
This is a two-day camp, open to any lineman entering grades 9－12 in this fall. Unlike most summer camps, this is not a camp just for fun. It gives the opportunity for players of all skill levels to work on basic skills that are proven to translate into improved game-day performance.Register(注册) online or print an online form and mail it.
Time：9 a．m－3 p．m.on July 13 &14
Cost：$110(including instruction，T-shirt and lunch)
What to bring：Helmet, shoulder pads, mouth guard，cleats, practice jersey, and gym shoes (in case of rain). If you cannot bring your pads and helmet from your high school, you can rent them from St.Olaf College for $20 each for your camp.
St. Olaf Swim Camps
“Our goal is to provide each swimmer with the necessary tools to become the best swimmer he or she can be—today, next week, and in the years to come.” —Coach Bob Hauck
Session 1：July 12－16
Session 2：July 19－23
Session 3：July 26－30
Excellence has become a trademark(标志) of St.Olaf Swim Camps for more than 30 years because of the instructors, Bob Hauck and Dave Hauck.Our coaches provide a learning environment that is exciting, fun, and challenging.
The camps are designed for high school students who are going to complete their senior year.The camps provide a great experience on the beautiful St.Olaf College campus in Northfield, Minnesota.
【解题导语】 St.Olaf College夏季会举行一些夏令营活动，本文介绍了其中的两项活动。
21．St.Olaf Lineman Camp would attract someone who wants to ________．
A．become a better goalkeeper
B．get accepted into St.Olaf College
C．improve his or her football skills as a lineman
D．have fun with others through various activities
C 解析：细节理解题。根据St.Olaf Lineman(前锋) Camp部分的In an effort to help high school football players develop their full potential, St.Olaf College offers the learning camp for lineman players.可知，这个夏令营活动会吸引那些想在足球比赛中表现得更好的前锋。
22．What do we know about the sessions of St.Olaf Swim Camps?
A．Each session lasts five days.
B．There are four sessions altogether.
C．They will all take place in June.
D．Bob Hauck isn’t a coach of the camps.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据St.Olaf Swim Camps部分所给出的时间可知，每一期都持续五天。
23．Who can take part in St.Olaf Swim Camps?
A．Any kid who is interested in swimming.
B．Any high school student who loves swimming.
C．Seniors in high school who cannot swim well.
D．Students who have finished their second year in high school.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据St.Olaf Swim Camps部分末段的The camps are designed for high school students who are going to complete their senior year.可知，答案选D项。
24．The text is meant to________．
A．advertise some camps
B．advertise St.Olaf College
C．encourage us to learn to swim
D．tell us how to spend the summer holiday
A 解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要在为St.Olaf College夏季会举行的一些夏令营活动做广告。
B
First grader Gavin Clampett was diagnosed(诊断) with Tourette’s Syndrome at the age of five. Due to the neurological(神经的) disorder, he always experiences a variety of sudden uncontrolled movements and sounds.
The uncontrollable actions mean that he often gets dirty looks from strangers in public and kids make cruel comments on the school bus and in class. In an effort to prevent the unkind comments, Gavin’s mother, 32-year-old Rebecca Clampett helped him make a video with his sister Brynn, nine, and played it to pupils at his school to help them understand the condition.
In the video, which Rebecca also shared on YouTube, Gavin’s sister Brynn starts by answering the question “What is Tourette’s Syndrome？” She explains, “It is a neurological disorder, which means it affects the brain so that a person makes unwanted movements. These are called tics(抽搐), but not like a tic that is found outside. These tics can be very noticeable or not very noticeable, quiet or loud.”
School can be hard for all kids. That can be even harder for children like Gavin because they have to face people who laugh at them every single day. “I feel like my brother and every other kid who has Tourette’s Syndrome are brave. So be kind to them and don’t treat them differently because they are just like you，” Brynn says in the video.
Gavin concludes，“Everyone could play with someone. Some people think I can’t because I’m different but actually I can. Some are afraid that I will say dirty words, but actually I won’t. The disease bothers me a little, but I’m OK.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Gavin从小患有一种罕见的疾病，经常遭受他人的嘲笑，但他依然乐观面对生活并与母亲和姐姐制作了一个视频来向他人解释这种病症。
25．What can we know about Tourette’s Syndrome?
A．It can be treated with drugs.
B．It is usually found at an early age.
C．People with it will say dirty words.
D．People with it can make uncontrolled sounds.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的Due to the neurological(神经的) disorder, he always experiences a variety of sudden uncontrolled movements and sounds.可知，得了Tourette’s Syndrome的人会不由自主地发出声音。
26．Because of the disease, others often ________．
A．take pity on Gavin
B．give a hand to Gavin
C．keep away from Gavin
D．look down upon Gavin
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的The uncontrollable actions mean that he often gets dirty looks from strangers in public and kids make cruel comments on the school bus and in class.可知，因为这个病，Gavin经常被别人瞧不起。
27．In the video, Gavin’s sister ________．
A．explains her brother’s disease
B．expresses her love for her brother
C．complains about unkind comments
D．encourages others to donate money
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Gavin’s sister Brynn starts by answering the question“What is Tourette’s Syndrome？” She explains...可知，Gavin的姐姐在视频中解释了什么是Tourette’s Syndrome。
28．What can be used to best describe Gavin?
A．Lucky. B．Helpless.
C．Optimistic. D．Stubborn.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段Gavin说的话可知，虽然他天生身体有问题，但他依然乐观面对生活。
C
My son has always had a terrible fear of fast roller coasters(过山车). Those rides are so fast that the people riding them scream the whole way. But recently, my son decided he was going to ride one no matter how afraid he was. He forced himself to sit next to me on the roller coaster, and I could almost hear his heart beating. To tell you the truth, that roller coaster was almost too fast for me! When the ride was finally over and we were leaving, my son was so happy and proud of himself. He kept saying again and again，“Dad, I conquered(征服) my fear！”
One of the important secrets to success and happiness, which many people don’t know, is that on the other side of our fear is a much better life for us. It’s only when we face the fear and conquer it that we are free to reach our full potential(潜力). The great army general George Patton said，“Fear kills more people than death.”You see, death kills us only once, but fear kills us over and over again. It’s better to face danger one time than to live in fear for your whole life.
Fear__is__a__warning__signal(信号)，not__for__us__to__close__our__eyes,__but__for
__us__to__open__them__wider. If we keep closing our eyes to our fear so we can just stay in our comfort zone, then we’ll end up “buried alive in our comfort zone” and never really live life to the fullest.
Remember, there’s a first time for everything—whether it’s riding a bike, starting your own business, or public speaking. There’s no greater feeling of success than running right at your fear and coming out on the other side of it, knowing you conquer it.
【解题导语】 作者通过事例说明：我们要勇敢面对生活中的恐惧，只有这样我们才能去战胜它，才能拥有完整的人生。
29．Why did the author’s son decide to ride the roller coaster?
A．To help the author conquer his fear.
B．To face his fear and conquer it.
C．To show that he was brave.
D．To enjoy himself.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，作者的儿子乘坐过山车是为了战胜自己心中的恐惧。
30．What does the author want to tell us by saying the underlined sentence?
A．Only those who face fear bravely can conquer it.
B．It is better to face our fear bravely than to avoid it.
C．If we close our eyes, we will suffer more from fear.
D．By knowing what our fear is, we can face it and conquer it.
D 解析：句意理解题。画线句子的意思是：恐惧是一种警告信号，它不是要让我们无视它，而是要让我们面对它，从而克服它。由此可知D项表述正确。
31．According to the author, if we can’t conquer our fear, ________．
A．we will live in danger for the whole life
B．we will not really live life to the fullest
C．we will be looked down upon by others
D．we will live a comfortable but not successful life
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句“...then we’ll end up ‘buried alive in our comfort zone’ and never really live life to the fullest.”可知，在作者看来，如果我们不能战胜自己的恐惧，我们就不能拥有完整的人生，就不能活得充实。
32．Which can be used as the best title for the passage?
A．Run to Your Fear
B．No Pains, No Gains
C．How to Conquer Your Fear
D．Where There’s a Will, There’s a Way
A 解析：标题归纳题。作者通过讲述自己的儿子勇敢战胜内心对过山车的恐惧的故事告诉我们一个道理：只有勇敢去面对恐惧并战胜它，我们才能活得充实。由此可知A项作为本文的标题最贴切，即鼓励人们勇敢地面对恐惧并努力战胜它。
D
Scientists have made great discoveries.But how have they influenced our personal lives？Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived？You may be wondering：but why is it important to teach kids about modern-day scientists?
First，stories of scientists can encourage kids.Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space，and he’s a real guitar-playing person.He makes singing videos on YouTube! His story can make kids think scientists are also common people.Hearing scientists’ stories makes kids think “I can do that too！”
But not only that，the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to never give up.Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut.But today，he’s made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer.Besides，it’s no secret that scientific discoveries require trying，and trying again.
Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity(多样性)．Neil deGrasse Tyson，for example，is an African-American，which is not common in his field.Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist.
It’s important to know that scientists don’t need to be “gifted” or “good” at school.Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school.That doesn’t have to be true.They just need to have a great interest in science.Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science.As long as they’re interested，they are likely to become a scientist in the future.
Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation(基础) others have laid.This is important—no one can do it alone.Scientists’ stories can encourage today’s young scientists to keep trying.They’ll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of making discoveries.Even if they haven’t made important discoveries，their research may help the following scientists.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，老师应该给学生讲科学家的故事来激励他们。
33．What can Chris Hadfield’s story tell students?
A．Scientists are interested in different things.
B．Students should have a hobby of their own.
C．Scientists can be ordinary like people around us.
D．Students should consider scientists as their models.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的His story can make kids think scientists are also common people.可知，科学家也可能和我们身边的人一样。
34．Which of the following would the author agree with?
A．African-Americans are more likely to become scientists.
B．Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school.
C．Not all scientists really show interest in science.
D．Scientists are usually good at their schooling.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据第五段的It’s important to know that scientists don’t need to be “gifted” or “good” at school.Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school.That doesn’t have to be true.可知，作者认为成为科学家未必需要在学业上极其聪明。
35．The last paragraph shows us that ________．
A．scientists should help each other
B．a scientist should never give up trying
C．making discoveries is necessary for scientists
D．new scientific discoveries may be based on others’ findings
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段的Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation(基础) others have laid.及Even if they haven’t made important discoveries，their research may help the following scientists.可知，新的科学发现可能建立在已有的科学发现上。
36．What is the text mainly about?
A．Why scientists are important to us.
B．Why scientists can encourage students.
C．Why students love stories of scientists.
D．Why students should be taught about scientists.
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了为什么要给学生讲科学家的故事。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Right Job
Many young people spend hour after hour considering what to do when they finish school.It is only a few who think about their choice of career(职业) and know what skills will get them there.For the rest of us, it’s a case of just waiting to see what comes along.37.________ Now, here are a few things which can make choosing a good career a little easier.
The first thing you should do is get to know what your interests are. 38.________ Are they physical or intellectual (智力的) activities, indoor or outdoor, with other people or alone?
It is also important to know what your values and priorities (优先考虑的事) in life are. What’s more important to you? Is it wealth or a comfortable family life? Knowing what your strengths and weaknesses are helps a lot, too.39.________ Do you find problem-solving easy?
You may take a gap year(间隔年) between school and university, and work as a volunteer.40.________ You’ll also learn new skills and get experience that will prove priceless later in life.After all，employers want those experienced and skilled people.
Finally, you should never forget that whatever you choose, you don’t necessarily have to do it forever.41.________ The important thing is to be satisfied with your life. As work plays such a key part in it, having a good career needs to be a priority.
A．What are you good at?
B．You could change your mind whenever you want.
C．Ask people who are already working in that field.
D．Ask yourself what kind of activities you enjoy doing most.
E．This will give you more time to decide what you want to do.
F．Now it is becoming more and more difficult to find a good job.
G．After all, luck often plays an important part in the choices young people make.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何找到一份合适的工作提出了一些建议。
37．G 解析：由该空前的For the rest of us，it’s a case of just waiting to see what comes along.可知，想找到一份好的职业并非易事，运气往往也起着关键的作用，故选G项。
38．D 解析：由该空前的The first thing you should do is get to know what your interests are.可知，兴趣非常重要，首先得知道自己最喜欢做什么，故选D项。
39．A 解析：由该空前的Knowing what your strengths and weaknesses are helps a lot, too.可知，了解自己的强项和弱点会大有帮助，故选A项。
40．E 解析：由该空前的You may take a gap year(间隔年) between school and university可知，上大学前先休学一年，这样就有充足的时间让自己去思考到底想做什么，故选E项。
41．B 解析：由该空前的whatever you choose，you don’t necessarily have to do it forever可知，不论自己选择做什么，未必非得一辈子就要做下去，所以随时可以改变自己的想法，故选B项。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Are you a man or a mouse？When people ask this question they want to know whether you think you are a __42__ person or a coward(懦夫)．But you will never really know the answer to this question until you are __43__ in real life.Some people think they are brave but when they come face to face with real __44__，they act like cowards.Others think of themselves as cowards，but when they meet danger，they act like __45__．
Lenny had always thought of himself as a __46__ person.He got worried before examinations.He worried about his job and his health.All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy.Then January 5th，2002，a plane __47__ into the Potomac River in Washington.Lenny went to the river to see what was happening.He saw a woman in the __48__ water.Lenny did not feel afraid.He kept very __49__ and did a very courageous thing.He jumped into Potomac，__50__ to the woman，and kept her head above the water.Seventy-eight people died that day.Thanks to Lenny，it was not __51__．
When you are in a very dangerous __52__ and feel afraid，the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood.This chemical is called adrenalin(肾上激素)．With adrenalin in the blood system，you actually feel stronger and stronger and are __53__ to fight or run away.However，when you are __54__ frightened，the body can produce too much adrenalin.When this __55__，the muscles become very hard and you find you can’t __56__ at all.You are paralyzed(使无能为力) with fear.That is why when we are very frightened，we sometimes say we are “petrified”；this word comes from a Greek word “petros”，which means “stone”．We are so frightened that we become stonelike.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Lenny一直认为自己是个胆小怕事的人，但当真正面临危险时，他却表现得像个英雄。本文论述了这一现象，并分析了这一现象产生的原因。
42．A.brave B．real
C．tough D．certain
A 解析：考查形容词辨析。根据下面的“or a coward(懦夫)”以及后面的“Some people think they are brave”可知，此处应指“一个勇敢的人”，与下面的懦夫相对比。brave意为“勇敢的”，符合语境。故答案选A。
43．A.told B．asked
C．tested D．examined
C 解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，你永远都不会知道这个问题的答案，直到你在真实生活中受过考验。test意为“试验，测试”，符合语境。故答案选C。
44．A.life B．question
C．mouse D．danger
D 解析：考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“when they meet danger”可知，此处是指有些人自认为很勇敢，但当真的面临危险时，他们却表现得像个懦夫。danger意为“危险；危险物”，符合语境。故答案选D。
45．A.soldiers B．mice
C．heroes D．cowards
C 解析：考查名词辨析。句意：其他人认为他们自己是个懦夫，但当真的面临危险时，却表现得像个英雄。由句意可知，此处应选heroes，意为“英雄”，与前面的懦夫相比较。故答案选C。
46．A.useful B．brave
C．nervous D．terrible
C 解析：考查形容词辨析。根据下面的具体描述“He got worried before examinations...to be safe and healthy.”可推知，此处应该是指Lenny一直都认为自己是个很紧张的人。nervous意为“紧张的”，符合语境。故答案选C。
47．A.hit B．crashed
C．struck D．felt
B 解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处是指一架飞机坠落到了河里。crash意为“坠落，坠毁”，符合语境。故答案选B。
48．A.fresh B．poisonous
C．warm D．ice-cold
D 解析：考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，此处是指他看到了一个女人在冰冷的水里。ice-cold意为“冰冷的，冷漠的”，符合语境；fresh意为“新鲜的”；poisonous意为“有毒的，恶毒的”；warm意为“温暖的”，均不符合语境。故答案选D。
49．A.nervous B．calm
C．frightened D．brave
B 解析：考查形容词辨析。根据下面的“did a very courageous thing” 可知，此处应该是指他非常镇定而沉着。calm意为“镇定的；沉着的；平静的”，符合语境。故答案选B。
50．A.went B．helped
C．spoke D．swam
D 解析：考查动词辨析。上文提到这个女人是在冰冷的水里，所以此处他应该是游向那个女人。swim意为“游泳，游过”，符合语境。故答案选D。
51．A.an accident B．a mistake
C．dangerous D．seventy-nine
D 解析：考查对语境的理解。根据上文的“Seventy-eight people died that day”可知，此处应该是指“多亏了Lenny，才不是七十九个人死了”。seventy-nine意为“七十九”，符合语境。故答案为D。
52．A.situation B．dilemma
C．place D．trap
A 解析：考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处是指当你处于一种危险的情况下。situation意为“情况，处境”，符合语境；dilemma意为“进退两难的处境”；place意为“地点，地方”；trap意为“陷阱，圈套”，均不符合语境。故答案选A。
53．A.afraid B．unable
C．ready D．anxious
C 解析：考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，此处是指准备好战斗或逃跑。be ready to do sth.意为“准备好做某事”，符合语境；afraid意为“害怕的，恐惧的”；unable意为“不能”；anxious意为“焦虑的，担忧的”，均不符合语境。故答案选C。
54．A.hardly B．absolutely
C．nearly D．slightly
B 解析：考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，此处是指当你完全害怕时，你的身体会产生大量的肾上激素。absolutely意为“绝对地，完全地”，符合语境；hardly意为“几乎不”；nearly意为“差不多，几乎”；slightly意为“轻微地；纤细地”，均不符合语境。故答案选B。
55．A.gets B．disappears
C．happens D．goes
C 解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，当这个发生时，肌肉会变得很硬。happen意为“发生；碰巧”，符合语境；get意为“得到”；disappear意为“消失”；go意为“走；进行”，均不符合语境。故答案选C。
56．A.move B．drive
C．run D．go
A 解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处是指肌肉变得很硬，甚至一点都不能移动。move意为“移动；搬家”，符合语境。故答案选A。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You are never too young to make a difference. Since Joshua Williams was 5 years old, he has been winning 57.____________(achieve) in ending hunger.
One day, five-year-old Joshua 58.____________(watch) TV in the sitting room with his grandma as usual，when 59.____________ TV show reported about children who were suffering hunger around the world. Joshua was very sad to learn that. 60.____________ he was just five years old, he decided to do something about it. He turned to his grandma and said，“Grandma, I want to help those children. Can you donate some money？”His grandma smiled 61.____________ him and gave him 20 dollars. His grandma didn’t take it 62.____________(serious), but Joshua really did something with it. 63.____________(start) with the $20 donation from his grandma, he created a charity 64.____________(name) Joshua’s Heart. It has provided thousands of pounds of food for 65.____________(hunger) people in North Miami until now.Joshua’s long-term goal is to remove world hunger.“I cannot imagine having no food to eat when I need it.Can you? If we all work at this，world hunger can finally 66.____________(remove)，” Joshua said.
Let’s join Joshua and help to end world hunger together.
【解题导语】 Joshua Williams五岁时就开始帮助挨饿的人们，他已经给很多挨饿的人们提供了食物。
57．achievements 解析：考查名词。此处用名词作win的宾语，且应该已经取得了很多的成就，故用achievements。
58．was watching 解析：考查动词的时态。这里表示事情发生时Joshua正在看电视，故用过去进行时。
59．a 解析：考查冠词。这里泛指某个电视节目，故用不定冠词a。
60．Though/Although 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，此处需填though或although引导让步状语从句，且在句首，首字母要大写。
61．at 解析：考查介词。smile at sb.意为“对着某人微笑”。
62．seriously 解析：考查副词。take sth. seriously意为“严肃对待某事”，此处用副词修饰动词。
63．Starting 解析：考查非谓语动词。start不是作句子的谓语，句子主语he与start为主动关系，故用其现在分词形式。
64．named 解析：考查非谓语动词。charity与name之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。
65．hungry 解析：考查形容词。这里是指“饥饿的”人们，故填hungry作定语。
66．be removed 解析：考查动词的语态。hunger是remove这个动作的承受者，故需用被动语态。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
假设你叫李华，前两天你收到英国笔友Henry的来信，他在信中介绍了他最喜欢的数学老师Mr. Green, 并询问你最喜欢的老师。请根据以上提示，给他写封回信介绍你最喜欢的老师。信中要包含以下要点：
1．最喜欢的老师所教的科目；
2．你喜欢他或她的理由；
3．他或她帮助你的一次经历与感受。
注意：1.词数80左右，开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Henry,
I am glad to hear that you get on very well with your maths teacher, Mr. Green. Now I’d like to tell you about my favourite teacher.______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Henry,__
I__am__glad__to__hear__that__you__get__on__very__well__with__your__maths__teacher,__Mr.__Green.__Now__I’d__like__to__tell__you__something__about__my__favourite__teacher. Mr. Gao is my physics teacher. He is the best teacher I have ever had. He is patient and friendly but sometimes strict, too. He can make his lessons lively and interesting. Going to his lessons is something we look forward to.
Physics is not my favourite subject and I find physics is much harder in Senior High School than in Junior High School. I almost wanted to give up. Mr. Gao gave me some advice on how to improve my physics. He even often helps me in his spare time. Now my physics is improving and I have become more confident! I think I am really lucky to have him as my physics teacher.
Best__wishes!
Yours，
Li__Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was 8 a．m. Kathy, a 25-year-old nurse, had just finished a 12-hour night shifts at a hospital. She was tired, but glad to be sailing along highway to where she lived. Although the local government had posted a snow alert(预警), the calm grey sky convinced__Kathy the drive would be safe. “I figured I’d be in bed in an hour，” she says.
Snow began when she was halfway home. Listening to the radio, Kathy learned the highway was closed because a tractor had slid off the road. She texted some friends and her mom, and tried not to sleep as she waited．
After a couple of hours, however, conditions worsened. Strong winds began rocking Kathy’s car. She couldn’t see anything outside, and snow was drifting up her doors. It was, she says, “a total whiteout and rows of cars and trucks.”
Late in the afternoon a police officer came and asked if she was in any difficulty. She said she was fine. She asked the police officer if there was any way to get past the trucks. “No, ma’am，” he answered. “You’re not going anywhere.”
Once as it got dark, Kathy__began__to__worry. She texted his brother Cris, telling him to drive snowmobiling__buddy(雪地汽车) to get to the highway and find her.
As Cris rode slowly alongside the rows of cars and trucks, people would roll down their windows and ask for help. “I was the first person they’d seen in six hours.”He explained he was picking up his sister. He told them, “Nobody’s coming and I can’t take you.”
Near 10 p．m. Cris reached Kathy. He directed Kathy to pull__her__car onto the shoulder and asked her to get into his snowmobiling buddy.
As they headed for home, the fun started. About five kilometres into the journey, Cris made a mistake. What he thought was a shallow ditch(浅沟) turned__out to be a deep trough(水槽). Instead of coming out the other side, they just kept going down. They were trapped. And feathery snow was over their heads.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
At that moment, they had to take action and get out.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
When Kathy arrived at her home, her mother was waiting for her.___________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
At that moment, they had to take action and get out. They shouted at the top of their voice, but no one could hear them. They began__to__worry and were convinced they had to stay in their snowmobiling__buddy for the night. Suddenly, a good idea occurred to Kathy. She took off one of her clothes and burned it. Seeing the fire, people ran over and managed to pull__her__car out with all their efforts, making Cris ashamed for his refusal to others.
Paragraph 2：
When Kathy arrived at her home, her mother was waiting for her. She asked Kathy what had happened. Kathy explained，“I made a terrible mistake. But for others’ help, I couldn’t have been home for the night.”When asked what she would do when someone had difficulty,__Kathy answered immediately that she would do anything to help others because today’s experience turned__out to be a great lesson for her.
