Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero
曼德拉——南非首位黑人总统，被尊称为南非国父。曼德拉是一位伟人，也是人们敬仰的英雄。对于曼德拉，你了解多少呢？
Nelson Mandela: Six Things You Didn't Know
Nelson Mandela was very famous.But here are six things you may not have known about him.
1．He was a boxing fan.
In his youth, Nelson Mandela enjoyed boxing and long?distance running.Even during the 27 years he spent in prison, he would exercise every morning.
2．His original name was not Nelson.
Rolihlahla Mandela was nine years old when a teacher at the primary school where he was studying gave him an English name－Nelson.
3．He was on a US terror watch list until 2008.
Mr Mandela was only able to visit the US with special permission from the secretary of state, because the ANC had been considered as a terrorist organization by South Africa's former government.
4．He forgot his glasses when he was freed from prison.
Mr Mandela was freed on 11 February, 1990.When he pulled out the text of his speech, he realized he had forgotten his reading glasses and had to borrow his wife's.
5．Once he dressed up as a driver to escape the police.
He used to dress up as a driver to escape the police while going underground in the country.
6．He had his own law firm, but it took him years to get a law degree.
Mr Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939，failing about half the courses he took.He finally got a law degree while in prison in 1989.
[阅读障碍词]
1．boxing n．拳击
2．original adj.最初的，起初的
3．terror n．恐怖
4．permission n．允许
5．former adj.以前的，前任的
[诱思导读]
阅读短文，判断正误(T/F)
1．Nelson Mandela liked boxing when he was very old. ( )
2．Nelson Mandela left his reading glasses in the prison when he was freed.
( )
[答案] 1.F 2.T
Section Ⅰ Warming Up，Pre?reading & Reading
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.mean A．adj.法律的；依照法律的
( )2.selfish B．vt.投票；选举
( )3.lawyer C．n.暴力；暴行
( )4.legal D．n.联盟；同盟
( )5.fee E．n.律师
( )6.league F．n.费(会费、学费等)；酬金
( )7.violence G．adj.不公正的；不公平的
( )8.vote H．adj.乐意的；自愿的
( )9.willing I．adj.自私的
( )10.unfair J．adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的
[答案] 1－5 JIEAF 6－10 DCBHG
Ⅱ.选择下列词组的汉语意思
A．失业 B．爆炸 C．求助于；致力于
D．事实上 E．在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑的处境中
F．乐意做……
( )1.It's a nice place.We've stayed there ourselves，as a matter of fact.
( )2.If you can't pay the bill，you're going to be in trouble.
( )3.In that city，nearly one third of the population is out of work and they have nothing to do every day.
( )4.With no one to turn to in her difficult times，my mother felt bad.
( )5.The company is willing to provide us with what we needed.
( )6.He was put in prison for trying to blow up a plane.
[答案] 1－6 DEACFB
ELIAS' STORY
My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer(律师) to whom I went for advice①. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal(法律的) problems.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful②.
伊莱亚斯的故事
我叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。当时我才12岁。那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的黑人律师。他为黑人提供法律问题上的指导。他对此从不吝惜自己的时间，在这一点上我很感激他。
[助读讲解] ①to whom 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the black lawyer。介词to与从句中went 搭配(go to sb.for advice 去某处寻求建议)。②for which 引导定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。
I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school③ at six.The school where I studied for only two years④ was three kilometres away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees(学费) and the bus fare.I could not read or write well.After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg⑤. Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would become out of work.
我需要他的帮助是因为我只受过很少的教育。我六岁开始上学。我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有三英里远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法支付学费和交通费。我既不会读，也不会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。可悲的是，我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心我会失业。
[助读讲解] ③school n．学校教育。④where 引导定语从句，修饰the school。⑤This is/was a time when...这是一个……的时期。when引导定语从句，修饰a time。
The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.He told me how to get the correct papers⑥ so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more hopeful(有希望的) about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could.He said：
“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress⑦， until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all⑧.”
有纳尔逊·曼德拉帮助的日子是我一生中最快乐的时光。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来更充满了信心。我永远不会忘记曼德拉是多么善良。 当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：
“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”
[助读讲解] ⑥papers n．证件。⑦see此处用了拟人化的写作手法，意为“目睹，见证”。⑧where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a stage。
It was the truth.Black people could not vote(选举) or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.No one could grow food there.In fact as Nelson Mandela said：
“...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government⑨. We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence⑩.”
他说的是事实。黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想做的工作。他们在城里的住宅区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去居住的城镇之外的地方是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿没有人能够种庄稼。事实上，就像纳尔逊·曼德拉所说的：
“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来打破原有的法律法规，而当这种方式也得不到允许时……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”'
[助读讲解] ⑨in which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a position。⑩“only＋状语”位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
As a matter of fact, I do not like violence...but in 1963 I helped him blow up(爆炸) some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison?. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve? our dream of making black and white people equal?．
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能要坐牢。但是，我乐意帮忙，因为我知道，这有助于实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。
[助读讲解] ?put sb.in prison 将某人关进监狱。?achieve vt.实现，达到，完成?此处构成“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，equal作宾补。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
Ⅰ.阅读P34课文内容，选择最佳答案
What's the main idea of the text?
A．The life of black workers.
B．The fight between Mandela and the white people.
C．The stories between Mandela and Elias.
D．The education of Elias.
[答案] C
Ⅱ.根据P34课文内容匹配段落大意
1．Para.1 A．Black people's rights
2．Para.2 B．Elias' self?introduction
3．Para.3 C．Mandela helped Elias
4．Paras.4，6 D．Elias' true feeling and actions
5．Para.5 E．Elias' trouble—poor education and job
6．Para.7 F．Mandela's speeches
[答案] 1－6 BECFAD
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
根据P34课文内容，选出最佳答案
1．Which of the following situations is NOT the truth that the black people were faced with at that time?
A．They had no right to vote.
B．They couldn't get the jobs they wanted.
C．They had to live in the poorest parts of South Africa.
D．They couldn't turn to a lawyer for their own rights.
2．People without a passbook may ．
A．be allowed to live in Johannesburg
B．be out of work
C．be those who were born there
D．be allowed to attend the school
3．Was Elias happy to help blow up the buildings?
A．No，because he disliked violence.
B．Yes，because he wanted to thank Mr.Mandela.
C．No，because he thought he might be caught and put in prison.
D．Yes，because making black and white people equal was their dream.
4．From Mr.Mandela's saying，we can get such a conclusion that ．
A．Mr.Mandela wanted to break the law in a violent way in the beginning
B．black people had been given more rights
C．black people should rise up to fight for their own rights after years of being ruled
D．they could force the government to give up easily
5．Which can best describe Mandela's ambition(抱负)?
A．I disagree with what you say，but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.
—Voltaire
B．Don't ask what your country can do for you，but ask what you can do for your country.
—Kennedy
C．We hold these truths to be self?evident that all men are created equal.
—Martin Luther King
D．Love rules his kingdom without a sword.
—Herbert
[答案] 1－5 DBDCC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P34课文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Elias is a poor black worker in South Africa.He 1.began (begin) school at six and got a job in a gold mine.But he was always worried about being out 2.of work because he didn't have a passbook.It was in 1952 that Elias first 3.met(meet) Nelson Mandela 4.that/who helped him to get one.
Elias joined the ANC 5.Youth(young) League 6.organized(organize) by Nelson Mandela and helped Mandela blow up some government buildings 7.though he did not like violence and it was 8.dangerous (danger) for him.He knew he did this 9.to realize (realize)their dream of making black and white people 10.equal(equality)．
1
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．—Do you know when the People's Republic of China was founded(成立)?
—On October 1，1949.
2．The boss was attacked(抨击)by the newspapers for not caring about the workers.
3．I am not very hopeful(怀有希望的)about the plan.
4．In the past，the black people in the USA had no right to vote(选举)．
5．She is generous(慷慨的)and often helps the poor.
6．This kind of washing powder(洗衣粉)is of good quality，and doesn't harm our hands.
7．He is determined to devote his life to science.
8．As a student，Tom is very active in class.For example，he often answers teachers' questions.
9．Divide the cake into equal parts.
10．Tom is rich，but he is very mean．He never lends his money to others.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．quality n．质量；品质；性质→qualified adj.具备……的学历
2．active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n．活动
3．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的→generously adv.慷慨地；不吝啬地→generosity n．慷慨的；大方的
4．peace n．安静；平静；和平→peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地；平静地
5．devote vt.献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠诚的；深爱的→devotion n．奉献；忠诚
n.＋?ful→adj. v.＋?(e)d→adj.
successful成功的faithful忠实的joyful高兴的 interested感到有趣的developed发达的amazed感到惊讶的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be active in 在……积极；活跃
2．be generous with 对……慷慨
3．out of work 失业
4．under attack 遭受进攻
5．as a matter of fact 事实上
6．blow up 使充气；爆炸
7．be equal to 与……相等；胜任……
8. in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
9．turn to 求助于；致力于
10．be willing to 乐意……
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．I'm not sure whether/if she would be willing to meet us.
2．As a matter of fact，loss of sleep can make you look tired，and even cause you to put on weight.
3．The terrorists are threatening to blow up the embassy(大使馆)．
4．After being out of work for three months，I am anxious to start my new job.
5．I don't think he is equal to the position.
in＋n.→介词短语 to作介词的短语
in danger处于危险中in debt负债 in power当权 look forward to期盼pay attention to注意lead to导致
Ⅴ.经典句式必背
1．However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
[记句式结构]This is/was a time when...
这是一个……时期。
[仿写促落实]This was a time when almost everyone wants to be famous.
这是一个几乎人人都想出名的时代。
2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
[记句式结构]无生命事物作see，find，witness的主语往往意为“经历，见证了……”
[仿写促落实]Dusk saw the little boy wandering in the street.黄昏时，这个小男孩在街上闲逛。
3．...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。
[记句式结构]“either...or...”意为“要么……要么……；不是……就是……”
[仿写促落实]Put this dictionary either on the bookshelf or on the desk.
把这本词典放在书架上或桌子上。
4．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
[记句式结构]“Only＋状语”位于句首用倒装
[仿写促落实]Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made.
只有到那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。
quality n．质量；性质；品质
(教材P33)And what qualities does a great person have？并且一个伟人有什么样的品质呢？
可作定语或表语
in quality 在质量上
①One quality of wood is that it can burn.
木材的一项特质就是能燃烧。
②Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor quality.优质酒比劣质酒花费多。
③There is no difference in quality between these goods.
在质量方面，这些货物不会有区别。
[名师点津]
quality作“质量”讲时通常用作不可数名词；而作“品质”讲时多用作可数名词。
mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的
v．意思是；意欲；打算；意味着
(1)be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄
be mean with sth. 对某物吝啬
(2)mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着……
be meant for 本应为；注定要成为
(3)means n. 方式；途径
①She was never meant for a nurse.
她根本就不是当护士的料。
②The rich boss who is usually mean to his workers is very mean with money.
那位富有的老板通常对他的工人很刻薄，他对钱非常吝啬。
③Success，then，means never feeling(feel) tired.
成功意味着永不疲倦。
devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于
(教材P33)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。
(1)devote...to(doing)sth. 把……献给(做)某事
devote oneself to＝be devoted to
献身于；专心致力于
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
(3)devotion n. 奉献；关爱
①He devoted himself entirely to education.
他将一生奉献给了教育事业。
②Qian Xuesen has been devoted to China's aerospace all his life.
钱学森将其一生奉献给了中国的航空航天事业。
③Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping(help) others rebuild.
邻居们利用他们的业余时间帮助他人重建。
[语境助记]
He is so devoted to his English teaching that I admire him for his devotion.
他是如此致力于他的英语教学，以至于我对他的奉献感到敬佩。
out of work失业
(教材P34)Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would become out of work.
可悲的是，我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心我会失业。
(1)at work 在工作；运转着
off work 没有上班；在休假
(2)work out 解决；计算出；结果是
work on 继续工作；从事
work with 与……共事，与……合作
(3)out of order 混乱；无秩序；有毛病
out of date 过时
out of danger 脱离危险
out of breath 上气不接下气
①Work hard，or you will be out of work.
好好干，不然你会失业的。
②The young man often plays basketball when he is off work.
下班后这个年轻人经常打篮球。
③The machine was out of order.
这台机器出了故障。
vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决
(教材P34)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.
黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。
vote on 就……投票
vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
vote to do sth. 投票去做某事
①We voted to decide whether the meeting was to be held on Sunday.
我们投票决定周日是否开会。
②Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn't seem to matter very much.
你赞成还是反对这项计划似乎并不重要。
③The chairman asked us to vote on the plan.
主席让我们就这项计划投票表决。
attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病等的)侵害
(教材P34)We chose to attack the laws.
我们选择向法律进攻。
(1)attack sb.for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事而责难某人
be attacked with 患/得(病)
(2)make an attack on/against 攻击；袭击；抨击
under attack 遭到攻击；遭到抨击
a heart attack 一次心脏病发作
①The newspapers made an attack on/upon the Prime Minister because of the new law.
由于这项新法令的颁布，各报纸纷纷对首相进行抨击。
②The city came under attack during the night.
城市在夜间遭到袭击。
③He was attacked(attack)with disease；this was why he was absent.
他患病了，这就是他没来的原因。
equal adj.相等的；平等的n.相等的人；同等物vt.比得上；胜过；等于；和……相等
(教材P34)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
但是，我乐意帮忙，因为我知道，这有助于实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。
(1)be equal to 与……相等；能胜任
(2) 无敌；没有能比得上的
(3)equal sb.in... 在……方面比得上某人
(4)equally adv. 相同地；相等地
(5)equality n. 平等
①Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.
学会应对社交世界是同等重要的。
②Nobody can equal him in intelligence.
没有人在智力方面能比得上他。
③In spelling，she had no equal(equal)．
在拼写方面没有人能比得上她。
④They are of equal height，but I think Robert is equal to the job.
虽然他们水平一般高，但我认为罗伯特能胜任这项工作。
[语境助记]
Boys and girls must be treated equally in education.They should have equal right to study.
在教育方面，男孩和女孩必须被平等对待，他们应有平等的学习权利。
in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
(教材P35)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.
当身处困境时伊莱亚斯去见了纳尔逊·曼德拉。
get(...)into trouble (使……)陷入困境
have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth./with sth.
做某事有困难
take the trouble to do sth. 不辞劳苦做某事
make trouble 制造麻烦
①Don't make trouble with me!
别跟我捣乱！
②You could ask the teacher for help when you have trouble/difficulty learning(learn) English.
当你学英语有困难时，你可以向老师寻求帮助。
③He took the trouble to gather the materials for me.
他不辞辛劳地为我收集资料。
turn to求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事于
(教材P35)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?
纳尔逊·曼德拉为什么求助于暴力，以达到黑人和白人的平等？
写出下列句中turn to的含义
①He was the one I always turned to for strength.
求助于
②If you turn to Page 40，you will find it.
翻到
③More and more people turn to computer science.
从事于
④Their talk turned to the change that had happened.
转向
⑤She often turns to the book for guidance.
查阅
turn around/round 转过去；转身
turn up 调高；出现
turn down 调低；拒绝
turn on/off 打开/关闭
turn in 上交
turn out 生产；制造；结果是……
turn over 翻过来；移交
⑥Turn around and let me look at your back.
转过身去，让我看看你的后背。
⑦He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health.
他想参军，但因身体不好被拒绝了。
⑧The news turned out to be true.
那消息被证明是真的。
[语境助记]
This morning，my grandmother turned on the radio to listen to the news as usual.She felt she could not hear clearly，so she turned it up.But it was of no use.She had to turn to my father for help.I saw my father turn off the radio and turn it over to see what was wrong.It turned out that the button didn't work any more.My father repaired it and told my grandmother to turn down the radio，for the neighbor's little baby was sleeping.
今天早上，祖母像往常一样打开收音机听新闻。她感觉听不清楚，便把声音调大。但是这不起作用，她只得求助于我父亲。我看到父亲关掉了收音机并翻过来看哪里出了问题，原来是按钮坏了。我父亲修好按钮后告诉祖母把声音调小，因为邻居家的小孩儿正在睡觉。
(教材P34)However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
然而在那个时候一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
【要点提炼】 This is/was a time when...“这是一个……的时期”。
There was a time when... 曾有一段时间……
at a/the time when... 在……的时候
①At the time when I saw him，he was very young.
当初我见到他的时候，他还很年轻。
②There was a time when women were not allowed to go to school.
曾经有一段时间，妇女不被允许去上学。
(教材P34)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
【要点提炼】 (1)see在此处的主语为物，意为“见证；目睹”，是一种拟人的用法，可使语言变得生动。
①The old temple has seen great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变化。
②The last 5 years have seen the rapid development in the Internet.
过去的五年见证了互联网的迅速发展。
③The dusk found a little girl crying in the street.
黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。
(2)句中where引导定语从句，先行词为stage。
④We just hope to reach a point where both sides will sit down and talk together.
我们只是希望达到双方能坐下来一起谈判的地步。
⑤You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
你可能遇到一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。
(教材P34)．..only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
【要点提炼】 “only＋副词”置于句首时，句子部分用部分倒装。
当“only＋副词/介词短语”置于句首时，后面句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语的前面。
①Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法，你才能解决这个问题。
②Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
只有当我离开父母去意大利时我才意识到我多么爱他们。
[名师点津]
only的小陷阱
(1)当only修饰状语从句时，主句部分倒装，被only修饰的状语从句部分不倒装。
(2)only不置于句首不倒装。
(3)当only修饰主语时，句子不用倒装。
1．(教材P34)However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
【分析】 本句是主从复合句。a time是先行词，when引导的是定语从句且在从句中作状语。
【译文】 然而在那个时候一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
2．(教材P34)Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would become out of work.
【分析】 本句是并列句。and连接了两个并列分句，在第一个分句中，because引导的是原因状语从句。在第二个分句中，whether引导的是宾语从句。
【译文】 可悲的是，我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心我是否会失业。
3．(教材P34)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
【分析】 本句是主从复合句。But I was happy to help是主句。because引导的是原因状语从句，it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal是省略了连词that的宾语从句。
【译文】 但是，我乐意帮忙，因为我知道，这有助于实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As a matter of fact，Tom knows what he really wants.
2．You'd better pay the bill in time，or you're going to be in trouble.
3．We are at your service.Don't hesitate to turn to us if you have any problems.
4．Only at that time did (do) I realize I was wrong.
5．Nowadays many students devote too much time to playing (play) computer games.
6．Jane is quite equal to doing(do) the difficult job.
7．We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
8．The October of 2005 saw(see) the successful launch of the second manned spaceship in China.
9．He fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful(peace)way.
10．This new type of machine is of high quality and is not expensive.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每个句子仅有1处错误)
1．Don't be angry with him，he didn't mean doing it.doing→to do
2．I devote part of my spare time to play the violin every day.
play→playing
3．Someone may think he is not equal to carry out the plan.
carry→carrying
4．He was in the prison for 30 years because of a serious crime.
去掉the
5．Only when the war was over the young soldier return to his hometown.
over后加did
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这座石桥见证了这个城市的诸多变化。
The stone bridge saw many changes of this city.
2．那个时候，美国依然还有奴隶。
That was a time when there were still slaves in the USA.
3．只有在那时，我才有实现梦想的机会。
Only then did I have a chance to achieve my dream.
4．事情已发展到双方家长必须被叫来的程度。
The incident had reached to a stage where both their parents were to be called in.
5．受到成功的鼓励，他开始把更多的时间投入到写作中。
Encouraged by success，he began to devote more time to his writing．
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Section Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句(Ⅱ)
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句 后自主感悟
when，where，why，prep.＋which/whom引导的定语从句1.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.2.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.3.He was generous with his time，for which I was grateful.4.The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.5.However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.6.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.7....until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.8.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.9.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.10....we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government. 1.关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(第1、5、6句)；关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(第4、7、9句)。2.“prep.＋关系代词”的结构中，which用于指代物(第3、8、10句)；whom用于指代人(第2句)。
一、关系副词的用法
关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when，where，why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.
我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。
The day when we get together will come soon.
我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。
[名师点津] 若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。
Do you remember the days(which/that)we spent together?
你还记得我们一起度过的那些日子吗？(关系词在从句中作spent的宾语)
2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
He is now working in the factory where his father worked.
现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。
[名师点津] 若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。
The school(which/that)we visited yesterday is newly built.
我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。
(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)
3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.
他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。
[名师点津] reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。
This is the reason(which/that)our teacher gave us for doing it.
这就是我们老师给我们的做此事的理由。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)
He gave me a reason that/which was reasonable.
他给了我一个合情合理的理由。(关系代词在从句中作主语)
[即时演练1] 用适当的关系词填空
①He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
②The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
③This is the reason which/that he offered at the meeting.
二、关系代词作介词的宾语
关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom或whose。
1．介词的选用
“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)
This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.
这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)
[名师点津]
(1)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。
I still remember the time when(＝in which)I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。
This is the hotel where(＝in which)they stayed.
这就是他们待过的旅馆。
This is the reason why(＝for which)he left in a hurry.
这就是他匆匆离去的原因。
(2)有些“动词＋介词”短语，如look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。
The doctor that you sent for has not come.
你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。
2．关系代词的选择
“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。
This is the student for whom I bought a book.
这就是我给其买书的那个学生。
This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘的船。
3．“名词/数词/代词等＋介词of＋关系代词”结构。有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。
The river，the banks of which are covered with trees，flows to the sea.
这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。
He has three sons，two of whom are teachers.
他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。
Maria has written two novels，both of which have been made into television series.
玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。
[即时演练2] 单句语法填空
①Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
②Many young people，most of whom were well?educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
③Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The valley where the town lies is very beautiful.
2．I will never forget the days when we stayed together in the countryside.
3．He is a teacher of rich experience，from whom much can be learned.
4．Andrew lives alone and enjoys the company of a pet cat，of which he's grown so fond.
5．The reason why he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.
6．The film in which he played the leading role was a great success.
7．The house for which he paid 200，000 yuan is now worth 350，000 yuan.
8．The man from whom I got a letter was my brother.
9．In our city there are several big public parks to which many people can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery.
10．This is the factory that/which I visited last year.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．愚人节是人们可以和朋友开玩笑的日子。
April Fool's Day is a day on which/when people play jokes on friends．
2．1945年是二战结束的时间。
The year 1945 was the time in which/when the Second World War was at an end．
3．这附近有没有可以买到花的商店？
Is there a shop near here at which/where I can buy some flowers?
4．我在我们吃午餐的那家餐馆里丢了钱包。
I lost my wallet in the restaurant at which/where we had lunch．
5．我不给你写信的原因是我不知道你的地址。
The reason for which/why I didn't write to you was that I didn't know your address.
6．你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
Can you tell me the reason for which/why you didn't come to his birthday party?
7．任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
There are occasions when/on which one must give in．
8．他在当地的一所语法学校接受教育，之后他去了剑桥大学。
He was educated at a local grammar school，after which he went to Cambridge.
9．请把书放在你容易找到的地方。
Keep the books in a place in which/where you can find them easily．
10．让我最吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。
What surprised me most was not what he said but the way that/in which he said it．
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Section Ⅳ Using Language
THE REST OF ELIAS' STORY
You cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid.It was a prison from which no one escaped(逃脱)．There I spent the hardest time of my life.But when I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me.Mr Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning.He taught us during the lunch breaks① and the evenings when we should have been asleep②. We read books under our blankets(毛毯) and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words.I became a good student.I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that.Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams.So I knew I could get a degree too.That made me feel good about myself③.
伊莱亚斯的故事续篇
你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。在那里我度过了我一生中最艰难的岁月。但是我到那里时，纳尔逊·曼德拉也在那儿，他帮助了我。曼德拉先生为我们那些几乎没有上过学的人开办学校。他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。我们躲在毯子下面读书，我们用可以找到的任何东西做蜡烛来看字。我成了一名好学生。我想要获取学位，但是别人不允许我这样做。后来曼德拉先生让狱卒加入我们一起学习。他说他们不应该被剥夺为获取学位而学习的权利。他们并不比我更聪明，但是确实通过了考试，因此我知道我也能够拿到学位。这让我觉得自己还不错。
[助读讲解] ①break n．间歇，休息。②should have done 本应该做(实际上没做)。③fell good about oneself 自我感觉不错。
When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a job.Since I was better educated④， I got a job working in an office⑤. However，the police found out and told my boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government buildings.So I lost my job. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power(当权) in 1994.All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives(亲戚) or friends.Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Island.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.I remembered the beatings⑥ and the cruelty(残酷) of the guards and my friends who had died.I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me.They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward(报酬) after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.So now I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.
在监狱里待完四年之后，我去找工作。因为我受过比较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。可是警察发现了，告诉了我的老板说我因为炸政府大楼而坐过牢。于是我失业了。在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权前，我有20年没有工作。在那期间，我的妻儿只得从亲戚或朋友那里乞求食物和帮助。幸亏曼德拉先生还记得我，给了我一份工作，叫我带着旅行团去参观罗本岛上我住过的那座旧监狱。第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。我回忆起那时所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。我记起了狱卒的鞭打和暴行，我想到了我那些死去的朋友。我觉得我不能做这份工作，但是我的家人却鼓励我。他们说从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水，是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。我现在还能给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况，对此我感到非常骄傲，因为我曾经为黑人在自己的国土上争取自由而出过力。
[助读讲解] ④since 意为“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句。⑤working in an office 作a job的定语，说明其具体内容。⑥beating n．打，揍。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P38课本内容，选择正确答案
1．What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Elias' new life.
B．Elias' story.
C．Nelson Mandela's story.
D．Nelson Mandela's contribution to his country.
2．Elias is proud of showing visitors over the prison，why?
A．He could earn a living.
B．He could know more about the prison.
C．Which shows that he helped to make people free in their own land.
D．Which shows that the new government is concerned about the people's life.
[答案] 1－2 BC
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P38课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．Why did the name of Robben Island make them afraid?
A．Because Robben Island was an island that was not beautiful.
B．Because they spent the hardest time of their lives there.
C．Because Robben Island was a bad man's name.
D．Because Robben Island was not their home.
2．Mr.Mandela began a school to ．
A．make some money
B．spend his spare time
C．teach some prisoners
D．make friends with the prisoners
3．Why did Mr.Mandela allow the prison guards to study too?
A．Because he needed the guards' help.
B．Because he thought the guards had their rights to study.
C．Because the guards were black people too.
D．Because the guards could pass their exams.
4．How long was Elias in prison named Robben Island?
A．Four years. B．Four months.
C．Four weeks. D．Four days.
5．Elias lost his job because ．
A．he wasn't well educated when he was in prison
B．the boss knew he had been in prison
C．he was not fit for his work
D．he didn't get on well with the other workers
[答案] 1－5 BCBAB
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P38课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Robben Island was a prison from which no one escaped.When Elias got to Robben Island，Mandela was also there and 1.helped(help) him.Mr.Mandela began a school and taught them during the lunch 2.breaks(break) and the evenings 3.when they should have been asleep.In order to see the words they used anything they could find to make 4.candles(candle)．Mr.Mandela allowed the prison guards to join them and said they should not be stopped from 5.studying(study) for their degrees.After Elias was set free from the prison，he found a job because he was better educated.6.But he lost his job after the police found out and told his boss about his experience.When Mr.Mandela and the ANC came to power，he 7.was given(give) a job 8.taking(take) tourists around the prison on Robben Island.Though he felt bad 9.the first time he talked to a group，now he is proud 10.to show(show) visitors over the prison，because he helped to make black people free in their own land.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．She received an eight?year prison sentence(判决)for theft.
2．In order to train the children's thought，the teacher encourages them to express their opinions(看法)．
3．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded(奖励)with success in the end.
4．The tall walls are to prevent the lions from escaping from the zoo.
5．Bill Clinton was elected President of the USA in 1992.
6．It was not until Nelson Mandela and his government came to power that the black began to be treated fairly.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育
2．beg vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．乞丐
3．terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖活动/时期→terrorist n．恐怖分子
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．escape from 从……中逃脱
2．beg for 乞求
3．come to power 上台；当权
4．set up 建立
5．lose heart 失去勇气或信心
6．be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Since he came to power，the situation in the country has been greatly improved.
2．The policeman caught the robber，who was trying to escape from the police car.
3．After many failures，he finally set up his own company.
4．The poor man had no money，so he had to beg for food in the street.
Ⅴ.经典句式必背
1．He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
[记句式结构]should have done本应该做某事，但实际上并没做。
[仿写促落实]You should have been more careful in the examination.
在考试时你本来应该更仔细些。
2．They were not cleverer than me，but they did pass their exams.
他们并不比我更聪明，但是确实通过了考试。
[记句式结构]did用于一般过去时，放在谓语动词之前，用于加强语气。
[仿写促落实]He does work hard and finish the job on time.
他的确工作努力并且按时完成了工作。
3．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。
[记句式结构]the first time引导时间状语从句
[仿写促落实]The first time I saw her，she wore a red skirt.
我第一次见到她时，她穿着一条红裙子。
escape vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开
(教材P38)It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。
①Mary spoke to me，but her name escaped me at that moment.
玛丽和我说话，但那个时候我没有想起她的名字。
②She managed to escape from the burning car.
她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。
③Whoever breaks the law won't escape punishment/being punished(punish)．
谁违反了法律都将受到惩罚。
come to power当权；上台
(教材P38)I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.
在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权前，我有20年没有工作。
beyond/out of one's power 力所不能及的
within one's power 力所能及的
be in power 执政
do all/everything in one's power to do sth.
竭尽所能做某事
①Do you know when Hitler came to power?
你知道希特勒是何时上台的吗？
②China is a country where the people are in power.
中国是个由人民掌权的国家。
③It's beyond my power to understand how the computer works.
我不懂电脑运行原理。
[名师点津]
come to power表示动作，be in power表示状态，所以come to power不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，而be in power可以。
How long has he been in power?
他执政多久了？
beg vi.请求；乞求
(教材P38)All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.
在那期间，我的妻儿只得从亲戚或朋友那里乞求食物和帮助。
(1)beg for 乞求得到；请求得到
beg(sb.)to do sth. 乞求(某人)做某事
beg sth.of/from sb.＝beg sb.for sth.
向某人要(求)某物
beg one's pardon 对不起；没有听清，请求别人再重复
一次，此时多用升调
beg that... 乞求……
(2)beggar n. 乞丐
①She ran to the nearest house and begged for help.
她跑到最近的人家请求帮助。
②The children begged to come(come) with us.
那些孩子要求和我们一起来。
reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏
(教材P38)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.
他们说从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水，是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。
(1)give/offer a reward to sb.for(doing) sth.
为(做)某事而给某人报酬
as a reward for 作为对……的报酬/报答
in reward(for)＝in return(for)
作为(对……的)报答
(2)reward sb.with...for(doing)sth.
为(做)某事而以……报答某人
①He gave the boy a reward of$100 for bringing back his lost dog.
＝He rewarded the boy with $100 for bringing back his lost dog.
因为找回了丢失的狗，他奖励这个男孩100美元。
②He received a medal in reward for his bravery.
他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。
③They were rewarded(reward) for reading some books.
他们因为读书而得到奖赏。
[明辨异同] reward/award/prize
reward 报答；报酬；奖赏；表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西
award 奖项；奖品；指正式的或官方颁发、授予；也可以指法庭裁决给予
prize 奖赏；奖金；奖品；尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉
(award/reward/prize)
④We will offer a reward of ten thousand yuan for information about the case.
⑤His movie won several awards at the film festival.
⑥In this competition you could win a prize worth $3，000.
set up设立；建立
(教材P39)Nelson Mandela set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg...
纳尔逊·曼德拉成立法律办公室来帮助那些在约翰内斯堡的贫穷黑人……
set down 写下；记下
set about 开始做
set aside 把……放在一边；省出；留出
set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起；激发
set out 出发；动身；摆放；陈列；开始；着手
①A letter from home set off an attack of his homesickness.一封家信一下子唤起了他的思乡之情。
②I'll set about preparing supper.我去准备晚饭。
③He set out to do (do) a lot of things，but didn't succeed.他着手做许多事情，但都没有成功。
[名师点津]
set about doing sth.＝set out to do sth.
开始着手做某事(about为介词，而out为副词)
sentence vt.判决；宣判n.判刑
(教材P39)Nelson Mandela was sentenced to five years' hard labour for encouraging violence against anti?black laws.
纳尔逊·曼德拉因鼓励使用暴力对抗反黑人的法律而被判处五年劳教。
(1)be sentenced to... 判某人……(徒刑)
sentence sb.to death 判某人死刑
(2)life sentence 无期徒刑
pass sentence on sb. 对某人宣判
①Having got involved in a theft，he was sentenced to five years in prison.
由于偷窃他被判处五年监禁。
②With several sentences，the judge passed sentence on the criminal，who was sentenced(sentence) to death.
法官用几句话宣布了对罪犯的判决，他被判处死刑。
(教材P38)He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
【要点提炼】 Should have been asleep意为“本应该睡觉”。
should have done意为“本应该做而未做”，表示站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。其否定式为：shouldn't have done，意为“本不应该做某事而做了”。
①I should have left London before 9，but I didn't.
我本该在9点以前离开伦敦，但是我没有。
②He shouldn't have said that to his brother.
他不该对他弟弟说那些话。
③In my opinion，She should have come(come)earlier.
在我看来，她应当更早一点儿来。
(教材P38)They were not cleverer than me，but they did pass their exams.
他们并不比我更聪明，但是确实通过了考试。
【要点提炼】 句中did起强调作用，强调谓语动词pass，意为“的确；确实”。
did/do/does的强调用法常用于一般过去时或一般现在时的肯定陈述句及祈使句中。do表示强调时，动词时态与句子的时态一致。
①He did give the boy a toy car as a reward for his help.
他确实给了那个男孩一辆玩具车作为对他提供的帮助的奖赏。
②They do want to make peace with you.
他们确实想与你和好。
③She does(do)go to school every day.
她确实是每天都去上学。
(教材P38)I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。
【要点提炼】 名词性短语the first time在此作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……时”。
(1)the first time用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”，而for the first time是介词短语，意为“第一次”，在句子中作状语。
(2)引导时间状语从句的短语或词还有every time，each time，the last time，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，instantly等，起从属连词的作用。
①I'll never forget meeting you for the first time．
我从不会忘记第一次见你的情景。
②Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.
每一次我遇到麻烦，他都会来帮我摆脱困境。
③The boy burst into tears immediately(immediate) he saw his mother.
这个男孩一看到妈妈，就立刻哭了起来。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was sentenced(sentence)to ten years in prison just because he had helped the robbers escape.
2．She started singing to the baby and was rewarded(reward)with a smile.
3．He was so poor that he begged for his bread.
4．It is necessary to set up a special team to deal with the matter.
5．I felt her honesty the first time I met(meet)her.
6．It is said that when the new president comes(come)to power he will have to face many difficult problems.
7．Could you lend me a pump(打气筒)to blow up my bicycle tires?
8．He lost(lose)heart，and finally failed in his work.
9．That is a prison of high quality from which no one can escape.
10．Mary does(do)speak Chinese well.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每个句子仅有1处错误)
1．I felt he was a school teacher for the first time I saw him.
去掉for
2．I will try my best to escape meet my boss at the gate of the company.
meet→meeting
3．Did you know when the party came to the power?
去掉第二个the
4．Will the young man be sentenced to die according to the new law？
die→death
5．A fund(基金会)will be set off for the dead men's families.
off→up
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Section Ⅴ Writing——人物介绍
人物介绍是高考书面表达常见的形式之一，以简单介绍人物的生平为主，这种简短的人物传记内容是人物生平最基本的信息和最重要的事迹。一般包括下列内容：
1．人物的基本信息如：生卒年月、出生地、国籍、职业、家庭背景等；
2．人物的重要事迹(举例说明)；
3．人物及其事迹对社会的贡献或影响；
4．对人物的评价。
1．年龄
He was born in 1996 and is 23 years old now.
Born in 1996，he is now a 23?year?old student，studying in a university.
He began to make a living at an early age.
In his fifties，he began to feel his age.
2．外貌特征
She is a lovely girl，with big eyes，white teeth and long hair.
He is a handsome man，with a thick moustache.
He is a tall man，with blue/bright eyes and blond/brown hair...
3．家庭背景、教育状况
He was born into a poor/rich family and lived a hard/happy life...
He started school in 1984 and left school 12 years later.
He went to study in Peking University in 2004 and graduated 4 years later.
He got his bachelor's/master's/doctor's degree in mathematics from...
4．生平事迹
He devoted his lifetime to...
He won a prize in...
He made up his mind to...
He made great progress in...
5．对人物的评价
He is one of the most outstanding persons...
He is honored/regarded/considered as...
He has made great contributions to...
He sets an example to...
请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍美国著名歌手、音乐家、诗人鲍勃·迪伦。
姓名 鲍勃·迪伦(Bob Dylan)
出生地 美国
出生日期 1941年
音乐风格 遵守美国音乐的传统
经历 少年时期展示出音乐天赋；
在高中的时候就组建了自己的乐队；
在读大学期间，对民谣产生兴趣；
1961年，鲍勃·迪伦开始致力于音乐
成就 2016年，鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖
评价 作品充满创造力；为美国文化以及世界的文化做出了很多贡献
1.词数：100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
体裁 记叙文 话题 人物简介
时态 一般过去时 人称 第三人称
结构 首段：总述 中段：具体介绍鲍勃·迪伦的经历及成就 末段：对鲍勃·迪伦的评价
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．actively 积极地；活跃地
2．devote 献身；专心于
3．youth 青年；青年时期
4．set up 建立；设立
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．在他的年轻时期，他就展示了他音乐方面的天赋。
In his youth，he showed his great talent in music.
2．正是在他的中学时期，他建立了自己的乐队。
It was just when he was in high school that he set up a band of his own.(强调句型)
3．鲍勃·迪伦，他的作品充满了创造力，对美国的文化做出了很多的贡献。
Bob Dylan，whose works are full of creativity，makes great contributions to the culture of America.
4．在1961年，他开始投身于音乐之中。
In 1961，he began to devote himself to music.
(二)句式升级
1．Boy Dylan was born in 1941，Bob Dylan is a famous singer，musician and poet in America.
→①Born in 1941，Bob Dylan is a famous singer，musician and poet in America.(过去分词作状语)
→②Bob Dylan，who was born in 1941，is a famous singer，musician and poet in America．(定语从句)
2．He went to college and during this period he showed great interest in folk music.
He went to college，during which he showed great interest in folk music.(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)
【参考范文】
Born in America in 1941，Bob Dylan is a famous singer，musician and poet in America，who has observed the tradition of American music all the way.
In his youth，he showed his great talent in music.It was just when he was in high school that he set up a band of his own.He went to college，during which he showed great interest in folk music.In 1961，he began to devote himself to music.
Bob Dylan，whose works are full of creativity，makes great contributions to the culture of America and the world.
Bob Dylan has achieved great success in music and literature，which enabled him to win the Nobel Prize.
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