Unit 1 Cultural relics
琥珀屋是一座通体由琥珀和名贵珠宝装饰而成的、极端奢华的建筑，曾在18—20世纪一度被称作“世界第八大奇迹”。第二次世界大战结束后离奇失踪。
The Amber(琥珀) Room
King Frederick Ⅰ，the Prussian King，once received a piece of amber furniture as a wedding gift.He got to like amber art and came up with the idea of having a unique amber artwork created for himself.In 1701 he ordered the artists to create a big Amber Room which took them over ten years.
When Frederick died，his son Frederick William Ⅰ came into power，who compared to his father was not an art lover.He created an army double the size of his father's，getting the nickname ( 绰号) “Soldier King”．When he visited Peter the Great in 1716，he was reminded that Peter had great interest in the Amber Room.Soon，Peter informed his wife in a letter that he had received an amber artwork as a gift.
The original Amber Room had 12 wall pieces，each of which was 13 feet tall，resulting in a total height of 16 feet.The room in the Winter Palace in Tsarskoje Selo was much larger.It measured 33 feet by 33 feet equaling 196 feet total wall length.Later，Catherine Ⅱ and her team added some other pieces to the room and she chose it as her favorite room.
The Amber Room existed in this final form from 1763 until 1941 and only a few people had the pleasure to be able to see it.The entire decoration (装饰) of the Amber Room left a very warm impression on the visitors，no matter if it was under sunlight or artificial light.Most likely the Amber Room reminded one of marble (大理石)，but without the cold impression of marble.When the daylight was shining through the wide windows，it replaced hundreds of lighting candles and created thousands of reflections in the mirrors.This light made the multi-colored amber walls shine more beautiful than gold and created a deeply lasting impression never forgotten by any visitor.
[阅读障碍词]
1．furniture n． 家具
2．unique adj. 独特的，独一无二的
3．remind v. 提醒，使想起
4．inform v. 告知，通知
5．original adj. 起初的，原先的
6．impression n. 印象
7．reflection n. 反射，反映
[诱思导读]
根据短文内容，判断正误(T/F)
1．Frederick William Ⅰ gave the Amber Room to Peter the Great in 1716.
(T)
2．Many visitors came to see the Amber Room. (F)
Section Ⅰ Warming Up，Pre?reading & Reading
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.rare A．vi.幸免；幸存；生还
( )2.survive B．n.怀疑；疑惑
( )3.amaze C．vt.使吃惊；惊讶
( )4.doubt D．adj.稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的
( )5.design E．vt.移动；搬开
( )6.remove F．vt.设计；构思
( )7.reception G．adj.木制的
( )8.wooden H．n.接待；招待会；接收
( )9.former I．v.装饰；装修
( )10.decorate J．adj.以前的；从前的
[答案] 1－5 DACBF 6－10 EHGJI
Ⅱ.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思
A.属于 B.作为报答；回报
C.充当；担任 D.寻找 E.处于交战状态
( )1.I'll take it to my king，who will most likely give me a reward in return.
( )2.I belong to a football club and play football every Saturday.
( )3.At the National Defense University，Obama said the country is still at war with terrorists in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
( )4.Today，many countryside people have rushed to the city in search of good jobs.
( )5.The general had served as a soldier in the earlier war.
[答案] 1－5 BAEDC
IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER(琥珀) ROOM
Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia，could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history①.This gift was the Amber Room，which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it②.The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey(蜂蜜)．The design of the room was in the fancy(奇特的) style③ popular in those days.It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels(珠宝，宝石)，which took the country's best artists about ten years to make.
寻找琥珀屋
普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有这个名字，是因为造它用了好几吨的琥珀。选出来的琥珀色彩艳丽，呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。它也是一件用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才将其完成。
[助读讲解] ①could never have done 绝不可能……(用于对过去情况的推测)；that 引导宾语从句，作imagined的宾语。②which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the Amber Room；其中又包含一个because引导的原因状语从句。③in the...style 以……的风格。
In fact，the room was not made to be a gift.It was designed for④ the palace of Frederick Ⅰ.However，the next King of Prussia，Frederick William Ⅰ，to whom the amber room belonged(属于)，decided not to keep it.In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great.In return，the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.So the Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg.About four metres long，the room served as⑤ a small reception hall for important visitors.
事实上，这个琥珀屋并不是作为礼物来建造的。它是为腓特烈一世的宫殿而设计(制作)的。然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈·威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。在1716年，他把琥珀屋送给了彼得大帝。作为回赠，沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。这样，琥珀屋就成了沙皇在圣彼得堡冬宫的一部分。这间琥珀屋长约四米，被用作接待重要来宾的小型会客室。
[助读讲解] ④be designed for 为……而设计。⑤serve as 充当。
Later，Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.She told her artists to add more details to it.In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.Almost six hundred candles lit⑥ the room，and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold.Sadly，although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world，it is now missing⑦.
后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。她叫她的工匠在原来设计的基础上增添了更多精细的装饰。1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。将近600支蜡烛照亮了这个房间，里面的镜子和图画就像金子一样闪闪发光。可悲的是，尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹之一，可是现在它却消失了。
[助读讲解] ⑥lit v．点亮，照亮(light的过去式)。⑦missing adj.消失的，不见的。
In September 1941，the Nazi army was near St Petersburg.This was a time when the two countries were at war⑧.Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace，the Russians were able to remove some furniture⑨ and small art objects from the Amber Room.However，some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself.In less than two days 100，000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.After that，what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery⑩.
1941年9月，纳粹德国的军队逼近圣彼得堡。这是在两国交战的时期。在纳粹分子到达夏宫之前，俄罗斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术饰品搬走。可是琥珀屋本身却被一些纳粹分子偷偷地运走了。在不到两天的时间里，10万个部件装进了27个木箱。毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。
[助读讲解] ⑧when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time，when在从句中作状语。⑨furniture n．家具(总称)，为不可数名词。⑩what 引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语；remain link-v.保持，继续，其后常接名词或形容词作表语。
Recently，the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace.By? studying old photos of the former Amber Room，they have made the new one look like the old one.In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city?.
近来，俄罗斯人和德国人已经在夏宫建起了一个新的琥珀屋。通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。2003年，圣彼得堡人民就用它来庆祝该市建成300周年。
[助读讲解] ?此处by意为“通过(某种手段/方法)”。?when 引导时间状语从句。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
Ⅰ.速读P1－P2教材课文，选择最佳答案
What's the main idea of the text?
A．The Amber Room is the eighth wonder of the world.
B．How was the Amber Room created and missing and the way that people looked for it.
C．The Amber Room was lost during the war and never to be found again.
D．The life of Frederick William Ⅰ.
[答案] B
Ⅱ.速读P1－P2教材课文，匹配段落大意
Para.1 A．The history of the Amber Room
Paras.2－3 B．The rebuilding of the Amber Room
Para.4 C．The introduction of the Amber Room
Para.5 D．The missing of the Amber Room
[答案] CADB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P1－P2教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．The King of Prussia who gave the Amber Room as a gift to Russia was ．
A．Frederick Ⅰ B．Frederick William Ⅰ
C．Peter the Great D．Catherine Ⅱ
2．In 1941，the city of K?nigsberg belonged to .
A．Germany B．Russia
C．Sweden D．France
3．From the last paragraph，we can infer that ．
A．the Russians and Germans don't think the Amber Room will be found some day
B．a new Amber Room has been built in St Petersburg，Russia
C．both the Russians and Germans have built new Amber Rooms in their own countries
D．the city of St Petersburg was built in 1705
4．The author introduces the Amber Room in the order of ．
A．time B．space
C．importance D．logic
[答案] 1－4 BABA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P1－P2教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The Amber Room was designed in the fancy style and 1.was decorated(decorate) with gold and jewels.It took the best artists about ten years 2.to finish(finish) it.It was first made by Frederick Ⅰ，who used it as 3.his(he) palace.In 1716，Frederick William Ⅰ gave it to Peter the Great，so it became a gift.
The Amber Room became part of Czar's winter palace，then used as a small 4.reception(receive) hall.Later，Catherine Ⅱ added more details 5.to it，6.making(make) it more beautiful.However，in 1941，7.when Russia and Germany were at war，it 8.was stolen (steal) by Nazis before it was removed to other places and ever since then，it remained 9.a mystery.
Recently，the Russians and Germans 10.have built (build) a new one by studying old photos of the former Amber Room.
1
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．I really like her teaching style(风格)．
2．The new plan worth(值得的) discussing was very practical.
3．The job gave her a chance to get valuable(宝贵的) experience.
4．He felt lucky enough to have survived(幸存)the accident.
5．These animals are very rare(稀有的)，and are protected by law.
6．There was a choice of four prizes，and the winner could select one of them.
7．Both the blue and yellow dresses are pretty，but I prefer the former．
8．We went to the restaurant to have lunch，only to find that it was being decorated．
9．The book，which is designed for children under 5 years old，must be simple and colourful.
10．The piano took up too much space，so I removed it from the room.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．wood n. 木头；木材→wooden adj. 木制的
2．culture n. 文化；文明→cultural adj.文化的
3．select vt.挑选；选择→selection n．挑选；选择
4．amaze vt. 使吃惊；惊讶→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.吃惊的；感到惊讶的
5. value n．价值 vt.估价；重视→valueless adj.无价值的；不值钱的→valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的
v.＋?ing→adj. n.＋?en→adj.
exciting令人激动的surprising令人惊异的worrying令人担心的 leaden铅灰色的woolen羊毛制的golden金质的，似金的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．in search of 寻找
2．belong to 属于
3．in return 作为报答；回报
4．at war 处于交战状态
5．less than 少于
6．be designed for 为……而设计的
7．serve as 充当；担任
8．add...to... 把……加到……上
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
2. As far as I know，this vase is worth less than 40 dollars.
3．The large bottle once is designed for a flower vase for a long time in his room.
4．Birds fly south in search of winter sun.
in＋n.＋of→介词短语 v.＋to→动词短语
in memory of纪念in front of在……前面in need of需要 listen to听refer to参阅，谈及turn to求助于；转向
1．Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia，could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.
普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
[记句式结构]couldn't have done表示“过去不可能做过，一定没有做过”
[仿写促落实]He couldn't have attended the meeting yesterday，for he went to Beijing the day before yesterday.
昨天他不可能参加会议的，因为他前天去北京了。
2．Later，Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.
后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。
[记句式结构]have sth.done结构，意为“使某事被做”
[仿写促落实]I must have my homework done/finished before going to bed.
睡觉前我必须做完作业。
3．In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.
1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。
[记句式结构]the way 后省略了that 或in which的定语从句
[仿写促落实]I dislike the way you treat your parents．
我不喜欢你对待你父母的方式。
4．There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg...
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡……
[记句式结构]There is no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”
[仿写促落实]There is no doubt that more and more people prefer shopping online nowadays.
毫无疑问，现在越来越多的人喜欢网上购物。
5．After that，what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.
从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。
[记句式结构]what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语
[仿写促落实]She said what made her angry was your attitude.
她说使她生气的是你的态度。
survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还
vt.幸免于；比……活得长
(教材P1)Is it enough to have survived for a long time？只幸存了很长一段时间就足够了吗？
(1)survive sth. 在……之后仍然生存
survive sb.(by...) 比某人活得长……
survive on 靠……存活下来
(2)survival n. 生存；幸存
survivor n. 生还者；幸存者
①As a matter of fact，she survived her husband by five years.
事实上，她比她丈夫多活了5年。
②The traveler caught in the lonely island survived on the fish caught in the sea.
被困在孤岛上的那位旅客靠在海里捕到的鱼生存了下来。
③Of the six people injured in the terrible accident，only two survived.
在这次可怕的事故中受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
[语境助记]
After he survived the earthquake，the old man became one of the few survivors of the family and his survival made his old friends very happy.
这位老人在地震中幸存下来之后，他成了这个家庭中少数幸存者之一，他的幸存使他的老朋友们很高兴。
[名师点津]
survive作“幸存；幸免于”解时为及物动词，其后直接接宾语，不用介词in或from。
in search of寻找
(教材P1)IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER
ROOM寻找琥珀屋
(1)in one's/the search for 寻找……
(2)search sb./sth. 搜身/搜查某人/某物
search for sb./sth.＝make a search for sb./sth.寻找某人/某物
search...for sb./sth.为了找某人/某物而搜查……
①They didn't have any sleep for forty?eight hours in their search for the survivors.在搜寻幸存者的过程中，他们整整四十八小时没有睡觉。
②The rescue workers were working hard in search of those survivors.＝The rescue workers were working hard to search for those survivors.
救援工作者们正努力工作寻找那些幸存者。
[语境助记]
He searched the drawer in search of his friend's telephone number while his friend was searching for his address，too.他搜查抽屉寻找他朋友的电话号码，而他的朋友也正在寻找他的住址。
[名师点津]
in search of 后接寻找的对象或目标，其中search前不加限定词。search for表示搜查某一对象的目的是要找什么。search...for...指“为寻找……而搜查……”。
amazing adj.令人吃惊的
(教材P1)Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia，could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.
普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
(1)amaze vt. 使吃惊；惊讶
(2)amazed adj. 惊奇的；惊讶的
be amazed at/by sth. 对……感到惊讶
be amazed to do sth. 因做某事而感到惊讶
(3)amazement n. 惊讶，吃惊；惊异
in amazement 惊奇地
to one's amazement 令某人惊讶的是
①It's an amazing experience for the students to listen to the lecture given by the famous scientist.
对那些学生来说，听这位著名科学家的演讲真是一次令人惊奇的经历。
②I am amazed to see(see) her great progress in studies.
看到她学习上取得很大进步，我大为惊奇。
③To my amazement(amaze)，I found several babies swimming in a pool with the help of their mothers.
使我吃惊的是，我发现有几个婴儿在他们妈妈的帮助下在泳池里游泳。
[名师点津]
(1)以?ing结尾的形容词常表示主动关系或特性，一般用来说明事或物，意为“令人……的”。
(2)以?ed结尾的形容词常用来修饰人，表示人的心理状态，意为“感到……的”。有时也可修饰表情和声音。
[语境助记]
To his amazement，we were not amazed at/by his amazing achievements.
让他感到吃惊的是，他的令人吃惊的成就并没有使得我们大为吃惊。
select vt. 挑选；选择
(教材P1)The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow?brown colour like honey.
选出来的琥珀色彩艳丽，呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。
select...as/to be... 挑选……作为……
select sb.to do sth. 挑选某人做某事
select sth.for sb. 为某人挑选某物
select from... 从……中挑选
①We selected him as/to be our monitor because he was very responsible.
我们选他当我们的班长，因为他很负责任。
②Simon has been selected to make a speech at the opening ceremony.
西蒙被推选出在开幕式上致辞。
③After a long walk，we selected a good place for our camp.
走了很长的路后，我们选了一个露营的好地方。
④Daff was selected from the whole class to go(go) on the trip.
达夫被从全班同学中选出来去参加这次旅行。
design n. 设计；图案；构思
vt.设计；计划；构思
(教材P1)The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.
琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。
(1)by design＝ on purpose 故意地，蓄意地
(2)be designed to do sth. 目的是做某事；被设计用于做某事
be designed for 打算作……用；为……而设计
(3)designer n. 设计者；谋划者
①We must make it clear whether it happened by accident or by design.我们一定要搞清楚这件事到底是碰巧发生的还是有人故意为之。
②As far as I know，the course is designed for beginners.据我所知，这门课程是为初学者设计的。
③The programme is designed to help(help) the orphans.这项计划的目的是为孤儿提供帮助。
decorate vt.装饰，装修
(教材P1)It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels，which took the country's best artists about ten years to make.
它也是一件用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才将其完成。
(1)decorate...with... 用……装饰……
(2)decoration n. 装饰；装饰物
①The girl decorated her room with pictures of her favourite stars.
那个女孩用自己最喜欢的明星的照片装饰了房间。
②During National Day，all the streets were decorated (decorate) with colourful flags，flowers and balloons.
国庆节期间，所有的街道都装饰着彩旗、鲜花和气球。
③She put some decorations (decorate) on the Christmas tree.
她在圣诞树上放了一些装饰品。
belong vi.属于；为……的一员
(教材P1)However，the next King of Prussia，Frederick William Ⅰ，to whom the amber room belonged，decided not to keep it.
然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈·威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。
(1)belong to 属于，是……的一员
(2)belongings n. 财产；所有物；亲戚
①Don't take things that don't belong to you.
不要拿不属于你的东西。
②China is a developing country belonging to the third world.
中国是个发展中国家，属于第三世界。
③Having sold most of his belongings (belong)，he almost had nothing left in the house.
他已经卖掉了大部分财产，房子里几乎什么都没有留下。
[名师点津]
belong to用法两注意
belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belonging to”。
in return作为报答；回报
(教材P2)In return，the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.
作为回赠，沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。
in return for 作为对……的报答
in turn 依次地；轮流地；反过来；转而
①Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
理论的基础是实践，反过来又为实践服务。
②In return，she received a sense of satisfaction and achievement.
作为回报，她收获了满足和成就感。
③He didn't expect anything in return for his help.
他帮助人并不期待任何回报。
remove vt.移动；搬开
(教材P2)Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace，the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.
在纳粹分子到达夏宫之前，俄罗斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术品搬走。
remove from... 从……上搬开
remove...from... 从……上除去/移走/去掉……
remove into... 搬入……
remove sth.to... 把某物搬到……
remove one's doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
①After the customer left the restaurant，the waitress removed the dishes from the table.
在顾客离开餐馆后，女服务员拿走了桌子上的餐具。
②They're going to remove into a new building.
他们准备搬进一座新楼。
③The man was removed (remove) from the post because he broke the rules and regulations of the company on purpose.
这个人由于故意违反公司的规章制度而被开除了。
worth adj.[古]值钱的
n．价值；作用
prep.值得的；相当于……的价值
(教材P2)Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuanmingyuan in Beijing？重建如琥珀屋或者是北京圆明园这样的文化遗迹值得吗？
sth.be worth doing 值得做某事
be worth ＋ money 值……钱
be worth it ……是值得的
①The jewel is worth about six thousand dollars.
这件珠宝价值大约6 000美元。
②The new car cost me a large sum of money，but it is worth it.
这辆新车花了我一大笔钱，但却物有所值。
③The Great Wall is worth visiting.＝The Great Wall is worth a visit.＝It is worth visiting(visit) the Great Wall.长城值得参观。
[名师点津]
be worth doing是用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义；表示“很/非常”值得做要用well而不能用very修饰。
(教材P1)Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia，could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.
普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
【要点提炼】 本句中could never have imagined意为“不可能想到”。英语中could have done意为“本可以……；本来能够……”，表示某事过去有可能发生，但事实上并没有发生。couldn't have done表示“过去不可能做过，一定没有做过”。
(1)must have done表示对过去情况肯定性的推测，“过去一定做过某事”。
(2)should/ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事”，而实际上没有做。
(3)shouldn't/oughtn't to have done表示“过去本不应该做某事”，而实际上做了。
(4)needn't have done表示“过去本不必做某事”，但事实上已做过了。
①He knew little about Japanese，so he couldn't have learned it.
他对日语一无所知，因此他不可能学过。
②You needn't have taken a taxi here，for it was very near to my house.
你本不必打车来这里的，因为那里离我家很近。
③You could have done (do) better，but you didn't try your best.
你本可以做得更好，但是你没有尽力。
(教材P2)Later，Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.
后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。
【要点提炼】 had the Amber Room moved是“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，the Amber Room与动词move之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
have/get sth.done可以表示：使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做)；遭遇/经历(此事违背主语的意愿)。若宾语和宾补之间是主动关系则用：
(1)have sb.do sth.(do强调做某事这一事实)
(2)have sb./sth.doing(doing强调持续进行某一动作)
①There's something wrong with my computer，so I have to have/get it repaired.
我的电脑出了问题，所以我得让人修理一下。
②He was very funny and had us laughing (laugh) all the way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。
③Unfortunately，he had his right leg injured (injure) during the training.
不幸的是，他在训练中把右腿弄伤了。
④The boss had me set (set) down what people present at the meeting said.
老板让我记录下出席会议的人员所说的话。
[名师点津]
have sth.done相当于make/get sth.done；不管“have sth.done”结构表示何种意义，sth.与done之间都存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。
(教材P2)There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。
【要点提炼】 “There is no doubt that...”是常用句型结构，意为“毫无疑问……”，其中doubt是名词，其后的that从句是doubt的同位语从句，对doubt起补充说明作用。
(1)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中其后用whether引导同位语从句，否定句或疑问句中则用that引导。
(2)doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中其后多用whether或if引导宾语从句，否定句或疑问句中则用that引导。
①There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的。
②There is some doubt whether he can win the first prize.他是否能赢得一等奖还有些疑问。
③I doubt whether/if he will continue to work here.
我怀疑他是否会继续在这里工作。
④I don't doubt that he will win the competition.
我相信他会赢得这场比赛。
1．(教材P1)Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia，could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.
【分析】 主句的主语是Frederick William Ⅰ，其后的the King of Prussia是主语的同位语，that引导的是宾语从句。
【翻译】 普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
2．(教材P1)This gift was the Amber Room，which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.
【分析】 句中which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Amber Room；because引导的是原因状语从句。
【翻译】 这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有这个名字，是因为建造它用了好几吨的琥珀。
3．(教材P1)It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels，which took the country's best artists about ten years to make.
【分析】 句中which引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是a treasure，引导词在定语从句中作主语。decorated with gold and jewels是过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句 which was decorated with gold and jewels。
【翻译】 它也是一件用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把将其完成。
4．(教材P2)There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
【分析】 句中that引导的是同位语从句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词K?nigsberg。
【翻译】 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was amazing (amaze) that he knew nothing about the event.
2．They picked the ones who had the best chance of survival(survive)．
3．We have over 30 beautiful designs to select from．
4．He who does his duty is worth praising (praise)．
5．This is a special seat designed (design) for the disabled.
6．Your name was removed from the registers.
7．They started off at once in search of the missing girl.
8．He is a clerk belonging (belong) to this company.
9．He gave her some roses in return for her kindness.
10．I'll go to the hospital to have my eyes examined (examine)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．这些房子是专门为老人设计的。
These houses are specially designed for old people．(design)
2．别担心，我会让汽车在外面等着的。
Don't worry，for I will have the car waiting outside．(have)
3．刚才讨论的那个问题值得注意。
The problem discussed just now is worth paying attention to．(worth)
4．毫无疑问，我们的实验最终会成功的。
There is no doubt that our experiment will succeed at last.(doubt)
5．他昨天晚上不可能去了北京，我刚才看到他了。
He couldn't have gone to Beijing last night.I saw him just now.
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Section Ⅲ Grammar——限制性和非限制性定语从句
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句 后自主感悟
1.This gift was the Amber Room，which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.2.The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow?brown colour like honey.3.This was a time when the two countries were at war.4.However，the next King of Prussia，Frederick WilliamⅠ，to whom the amber room belonged，decided not to keep it.5.Later，Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 1.例句1中的which引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Amber Room；例句4中的to whom为“介词＋关系代词” 引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Frederick WilliamⅠ。2.例句2中的which引导的是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The amber；例句3中when引导的是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a time；例句5中where引导的是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a palace。3.在形式上非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别在于：关系词前是否有逗号。
一、定语从句的种类
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
1．限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as；关系副词有where，when，why。
This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.
这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。
I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want.
我带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。
2．非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。
He is English，which I know from his accent.
他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。
This is our headmaster，who I think has something important to tell you.
这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要事情要告诉你。
[即时训练1] 用适当的关系词填空
①Holly，who is from Australia，has a good command of Chinese.
②The dictionary，which our teacher bought yesterday，is helpful to us.
③I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1．形式不同
限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。
Here is the man who has been punished by the boss.
这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)
The project，which lasted three years，cost no less than $1 billion.
这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)
2．先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。试比较：
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)
The novel，which I read last night，is very interesting.
我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)
The novel is very interesting，which makes me very excited.
那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话的内容)
3．关系词的使用情况不同
(1)that，why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
指物时要用which代替that，for which代替why。
Most people didn't vote for him，which disappointed him.
大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。
I have told them the reason，for which I changed my mind.
我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。
(2)关系代词替代情况不同
①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。
This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.
这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)
The young man had a new girlfriend，whom he wanted to impress.
这位年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)
②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。
She has a younger brother，who is an English teacher.
她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。
(3)关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.
这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)
The summer holiday，which we're looking forward to，is drawing near.
我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)
[即时训练2] 用适当的关系词填空
①Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected.
②The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018.
③Can you tell me the reason why he was absent yesterday?
三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
1．as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。
As we all know，Lu Xun is a great writer.
众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。
He failed in the experiment，which was unexpected.
他实验失败了，这是没有料到的。
2．as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。
He is a cheat，as everyone can see.
每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。
3．as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all，as everybody can see，as is expected等。
He did the experiment successfully，as had been expected.
正如期望的那样，他实验做得非常成功。
As we all know，paper was first made in China.
正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。
[即时训练3] 用适当的关系词填空
①The weather turned out to be very fine，which was more than we could expect.
②As has been announced，we shall have our final exam next month.
③He failed in the driving test，as we had expected.
单句语法填空
1．There was a prison on the island，from which nobody escaped.
2．He has made great progress in his work，of which his parents feel proud.
3．I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noises.
4．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
5．Mr.Green said that Suzhou was the first city that he had visited in China.
6．Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
7．The sun heats the earth，which makes it possible for plants to grow.
8．Then he met Mary，who invited him to a party.
9．There is a net bar around here，as I remember.
10．He changed his mind again，which made us all angry.
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Section Ⅳ Using Language
A FACT OR AN OPINION?
What is a fact? Is it something that people believe①？ No.A fact is anything that can be proved.For example，it can be proved that China has more people than any other② country in the world.This is a fact.
事实还是看法？
什么是事实呢？是不是人们所相信的就是事实呢？不是。事实是可以证实的信息。举例来说，中国人口比世界上其他任何一个国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的，这就是事实。
[助读讲解] ①that引导定语从句，修饰something。②more...than any other...为比较级形式，但表达最高级的含义。
Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved③.So an opinion is not good evidence(根据；证据) in a trial.For example，it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”．It may be true，but it is difficult to prove.Some people may not agree with④ this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right.
那么，什么是看法呢？看法是人们相信是真实的但是未经证实。因此在审判中，看法不是强有力的证据。举例来说，如果你说：“猫作为宠物比狗好。”这就是看法，这个看法可能是正确的，但是它难以被证实。有些人可能不同意这种看法。但是他们也不能证明他们是正确的。
[助读讲解] ③what 引导表语从句，其中someone believes为插入语。④agree with 赞成，同意，与……一致，(食物、气候等)适合某人。
In a trial(审判)，a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.The judge does not consider what each eyewitness(目击者；证人) looks like or where that person lives or works⑤.He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information，which must be facts rather than opinions⑥.This kind of information is called evidence.
在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。法官并不考虑证人的长相如何，也不考虑这个人住在哪里，在哪儿工作。他(她)关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是个人观点或看法。这种信息就叫作证据。
[助读讲解] ⑤or连接由what和where引导的两个从句，作consider的并列宾语。⑥rather than 而不是，whether引导的从句作cares about的宾语，which引导非限制性定语从句。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P5教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What does the first passage mainly tell us?
A．What is a fact.
B．What is an opinion.
C．A judge believes in true information more than an opinion.
D．What is a fact，what is an opinion and what a judge expects in a trial.
2．What does the second passage mainly tell us?
A．The Amber Room was buried in the mine.
B．Jan Hasek is an honest old miner.
C．Some German soldiers stole the Amber Room.
D．The Amber Room has never been found.
[答案] 1－2 DA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P5教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What really is a fact according to the passage?
A．It is something that more than one person believes.
B．It is something that more than one person has seen or done.
C．It is anything that can be proved.
D．It is anything that is believed or accepted by most people.
2．China has the largest number of people in the world. ．
A．It is a fact B．It is an opinion
C．It is an evidence D．All the three
3．In a trial a judge must consider the eyewitness' ．
A．appearance B．job
C．opinion D．facts
4．How does the writer explain the two terms of “fact” and “opinion”？
A．By giving examples.
B．By giving definitions (定义)．
C．By giving evidence.
D．Both A and B.
5．In 1945 Jan Hasek saw ．
A．something exploded
B．the mine was closed
C．some German soldiers
D．the Amber Room
[答案] 1－5 CADDC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P5教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A fact is anything 1.that can be proved.For example，it can be proved that China has 2.more people than any other country in the world.An opinion is what someone 3.believes(believe) is true but has not been proved.For example，it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”．It may be true，but it is difficult 4.to prove(prove)．Some people may not agree this opinion but they also 5.cannot(can) prove that they are right.
6．In a trial，the judge does not consider 7.what each eyewitness 8.looks(look) like.He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness 9.has given(give) true information.This kind of information is 10.called(call) evidence.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．This is an informal (非正式的) meeting.
2．The robber will be on trial (审讯) next week.
3．The bomb exploded (爆炸) but nobody was injured.
4．Can you show me any evidence for your statement?
5．The question of the origin of the universe is still hotly debated．
6．The boat was sinking slowly，which made the passengers worried.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸
2．paint v．油漆；绘画→painting n．绘画；画
3．formal adj.正式的→informal(反义词) adj.非正式的
4．evident adj.清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的→evidence n．根据；证据
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．take apart 拆开；分开
2．think highly of 看重；器重
3．debate with sb.over/about sth.
与某人辩论某事
4．in a trial 在审判中
5．care about 关心；在乎
6．rather than 而不是
7．the entrance to... ……的入口
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
2．The only thing he seems to care about is money.
3．His boss thought highly of him for his achievements last year.
4．Take apart the machine to see if there's something wrong with it.
1．One day he was looking in a second?hand furniture shop when he...
一天，他正在一家二手家具店里逛，这时他突然……
[记句式结构]be doing sth....when...正在做某事，这时(突然)……
[仿写促落实]I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.
我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。
2．For example，it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.
举例来说，中国人口比世界上其他任何一个国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的。
[记句式结构]it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语
[仿写促落实]It has been proved that what he said is right.
已经证实他说的话是对的。
3．In a trial，a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。
[记句式结构]“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语
[仿写促落实]We haven't decided when to leave for Beijing.
我们还没有决定何时出发去北京。
4．Nor do I think they should give it to any government.
我认为他们不应该把它交给任何一个政府。
[记句式结构]否定词nor位于句首引起部分倒装
[仿写促落实]She couldn't work out the problem；nor/neither could I．
她解决不了这个问题，我也不能。
take apart拆开
(教材P4)The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.
那位老人看到一些德国人拆除并移走了琥珀屋。
(1)tell...apart 把……区别开来
fall apart 崩溃；土崩瓦解
(2)apart from 除……外
①They are so much alike that I can't tell them apart.
他们那么像以至于我很难把他们区分开。
②He took a computer apart yesterday but didn't know how to put it together again.
昨天他把一台电脑拆开了，但不知道怎么把它再组装起来。
③Apart from being too large，the trousers don't suit me.
这条裤子不但太肥大，而且不适合我。
evidence n．证据；证明；证词；根据
(教材P5)So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial.
因此，在审判中，看法并不是强有力的证据。
(1)There is some/no evidence that...
(没)有证据证明……
in evidence 显眼；显而易见
(2)evident adj. 明显的；明白的
It's evident that... 很明显……
①There's some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us.
有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。
②It is evident that smoking is harmful to health.
很明显，吸烟对健康有害。
③At present we have no evidence(evident) of life on other planets.
目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。
[名师点津]
在“There is some/no evidence that...”句型中，that引导的是同位语从句，说明evidence的具体内容，而且There不可以改为It。
rather than与其……倒不如；是……而不是
(教材P5)He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information，which must be facts rather than opinions.
他/她关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是个人观点或看法。
(1)rather than连接两个并列成分，意为“而不是”。
(2)rather than连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(3)would do...rather than do...＝would rather do...than do...＝prefer to do...rather than do...＝prefer doing...to doing...宁愿做……也不愿做……
①We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the hall.
我们将在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。
②You rather than I are (be) going to go camping.
是你而不是我要去野营。
③She preferred going with us to staying behind.＝She preferred to go(go) with us rather than stay behind.＝She would rather go with us than stay(stay) behind.＝She would go(go) with us rather than stay behind.
她宁愿跟我们一起去也不愿留下来。
explode vi.爆炸；爆发
vt.使爆炸；使爆发
(教材P5)In April 1945 I heard something explode at midnight.
在1945年四月份，我在半夜听到有东西爆炸的声音。
(1)explode with... 爆发……；突发……
explode with anger 勃然大怒；大发脾气
explode with laughter 哄堂大笑
(2)explosion n. 爆炸；爆炸声
①At last his anger exploded，but he calmed down after a while.＝ At last he exploded with anger，but he calmed down after a while.
他终于大发雷霆，但是过了一会儿就镇静下来了。
②The fireworks exploded (explode) suddenly，and he was injured.
烟花突然爆炸，他受伤了。
[语境助记]
If the gas pipe explodes，the explosion may do great damage to the buildings around.
如果管道发生爆炸，爆炸会对周围的楼房造成极大损害。
think highly of器重；看重
(教材P7)I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room.
我很欣赏那些为寻找琥珀屋而努力的人们。
think well/much of 对……评价很高；看重；欣赏
think poorly/little/badly of 对……评价不高/差/轻视
think nothing of 觉得……没什么/不难
speak highly of... 高度评价……
speak well/ill of... 说……的好/坏话
①He often tells lies，which makes others think poorly/ill/badly of him.
他经常撒谎，这使得别人看不起他。
②Judging from his expression，he doesn't think well/much of your plan.
从他的表情判断，他对你的计划评价不高。
③He thinks nothing of walking four miles to work and back every day.
每天上下班步行四英里他觉得没什么。
④If you want people to think well of you，do not speak well of yourself.
要想让人们欣赏你，就不要自夸。
[名师点津]
当think highly/well/much of...用于被动语态结构时，副词应放于其修饰的动词前，即be highly/well/much thought of。
debate n．& vi.争论；辩论
(教材P7)Tips for an informal class debate
组织一场非正式的班级辩论赛的几条建议
(1)under debate 在辩论中；在讨论中
beyond/without debate 无可争辩的；毋庸置疑的
have a...debate on... 关于……进行了……的辩论
(2)debate with sb.on/about/over sth.
与某人争论/讨论某事
①The suggestion he put forward is still under debate.
他提出的建议仍旧在讨论中。
②It is a fact without/beyond debate that the air here has been polluted.
这里的空气被污染了，已成为不争的事实。
③We are having a heated debate on the impact of television on children.＝ We are debating heatedly on/about/over the impact of television on children.
我们正在就电视对孩子的影响进行激烈的辩论。
(教材P3)One day he was looking in a second?hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels.
一天，他正在一家二手家具店里逛，这时他突然在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见了一个很奇特的东西。
【要点提炼】 be doing...when...意为“正在做……这时(突然)……”，when在句中作并列连词。相当于and then，and at that time。
be about to do...when... 正要做……这时……
be on the point of doing...when...
正要做……这时……
had just done...when... 刚做完……这时……
①I was about to leave when it began to rain.
我正要离开，就在这时开始下雨了。
②I was on the point of speaking (speak) when my wife stood up and stopped me.
我正要开口说话，这时妻子起身阻止了我。
③He had just rushed into the classroom when the teacher came in.
他刚跑进教室，这时老师进来了。
④She was shopping(shop) in the market when she came across an old friend.
她正在商场购物，这时偶遇了一位老朋友。
(教材P5)For example，it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.
举例来说，中国人口比世界上其他任何一个国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的。
【要点提炼】 句中“it can be proved that...”为“it ＋ be＋过去分词＋that...”结构。在该结构中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
英语中把主语从句后置，同时把形式主语it放在主语位置的常见句型有：
(1)It is＋过去分词(reported，believed，said，announced等) ＋主语从句 (该结构可与“Sb./Sth.＋ be＋过去分词＋to do...”结构相互转换)
(2)It＋不及物动词(seem，happen，turn out，appear等) ＋主语从句
(3)It is＋名词词组(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour等) ＋主语从句
(4)It is ＋adj.(clear，natural，obvious，possible，likely等) ＋主语从句
①It is reported that the film star will come to our city.
据报道那位电影明星将来我们市。
②It is a pity that you can't go with us to enjoy the concert.
你不能跟我们一块去听音乐会真是可惜。
③It is said that he studied abroad，but we don't know which country he studied in.＝He is said (say) to have studied abroad，but we don't know which country he studied in.据说他在国外学习过，但是我们不知道他是在哪个国家学的。
(教材P7)Nor do I think they should give it to any government.
我认为他们不应该把它交给任何一个政府。
【要点提炼】 否定词nor位于句首，应该用部分倒装。形式为：“nor ＋ be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词＋其他”。表示前面的否定情况也适用于另一人或物，可用neither替换nor。
(1)若表示前句中的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物，要用“so ＋be动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”，表示“……也是这样，也是如此”。
(2)当前句中既有肯定的情况也有否定的情况，两种不同的情况也适用于另一人或物时，则用以下句式：It is the same with sb./sth.或So it is with sb./sth.
①I don't know about his secrets.Nor do I care.
我不知道他的秘密，我也不关心。
②Tom is very clever and studies very hard.It is the same with Mary/So it is with Mary.
汤姆聪明且学习很努力，玛丽也一样。
③He likes swimming and so do I.
他喜欢游泳，我也是。
④Tom isn't good at maths；neither/nor am I.
汤姆不擅长数学，我也是。
[名师点津]
如果后一句只是单纯地重复前一句的意思，此时主谓不倒装，句型为“so＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词”。
—She speaks French very well.她法语说得很好。
—So she does. 她说得确实很好。
单句语法填空
1．I'll meet you at the entrance (enter) to the theatre.
2．I debated with Mary on the meaning of his strange behavior.
3．Many scientists think highly (high) of the new invention.
4．Most people hope for buying their own homes rather than renting (rent) them.
5．The kids watched as the coin sank (sink) to the bottom of the pool.
6．It was proved that what she said was true at last.
7．It seems(seem) that your mother won't allow you to swim in this river.
8．I'm sorry I don't know what to do (do) next.
9．He rather than you is(be) to have a talk with the stranger.
10．A bomb exploded (explode) suddenly by the roadside and destroyed his car.
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Section Ⅴ Writing——辩论报告
辩论报告属于应用文文体之一，同时又具有议论文的特点，是对某个话题的辩论。
一、基本结构
辩论报告一般分为三部分：
1．开头——开门见山，说明辩论的主题、参与者等信息。
2．主体——列举正反两方面的观点、见解或主张，并给出论据。
3．结尾——得出结论或给出自己的观点。
二、语言特征
1．文章短小精悍，语言精练，准确易懂；
2．时态常用一般现在时。
1．开头常用语
Recently we have had a discussion/debate...
Some people are in favor of...
Other people are against...
There are different opinions among people as to...
Different people have/hold different views/opinions on this problem.
2．正方观点
Some people hold the opinion that...
Some are for/in favour of the idea that...They think that...
People who are for the idea think that...
3．反方观点
Some of them hold a different view/hold the opposite opinion.
Some people argue that...
People who are against the idea think that...
4．个人观点
In my opinion/ From my point of view，...
As far as I am concerned，...
As for me，I agree with the former/the latter.
最近你市发现了一处唐代文化遗址。是否应当开发？人们展开了激烈的讨论。请你就此写一篇100词左右的辩论报告，并发表自己的看法。
赞成开发 应开发利用以吸引更多的游客来旅游观光。
反对开发 应保持原样，妥善保护，以免遭人为破坏。
你的观点 ……
参考词汇：开发：explore；旅游业：tourism
注意事项：
1．不可逐条翻译；
2．可适当增加细节；
3．书写要流利、规范；
4．文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Recently，citizens in our city have had/held a heated debate on whether we should explore the cultural relic，which was discovered in our city.
体裁 辩论报告 时态 以一般现在时为主
主题 文化遗迹开发 人称 以第三人称为主
结构 第一段：说明辩论的主题第二段：赞成开发和反对开发的观点第三段：自己的观点
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．rare adj. 稀罕的；稀有的
2．valuable adj. 贵重的；有价值的
3．in search of 寻找
4．think highly of 看重；高度评价
5．cultural relic 文化遗迹
6．be worth doing ……值得做
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．有些人对这个主意评价很高。
Some people think highly of the idea.
2．他们认为这个文化遗迹值得开发。
They think the cultural relic is worth exploring．
3．开发将会使人们更多地了解我们国家伟大的历史。
Exploring will make people learn more about the great history of our country.
4．更重要的是，这个珍贵的文化遗迹可以吸引更多的游客到我们的城市。
What's more，this valuable cultural relic can attract more visitors to our city.
5．这会提升我市的旅游业。
This will improve the tourism of our city.
6．文化遗迹不能遭到人为的破坏。
The cultural relic cannot be destroyed by people.
7．在我看来，我们应该和专家们谈谈，寻找更好的方法来更好地利用这一稀有的文化遗址。
As far as I am concerned，we should talk with the experts in search of a better way to make good use of this rare cultural relic．
(二)句式升级
8．用非限制性定语从句合并句子2、3
They think the cultural relic is worth exploring，which will make people learn more about the great history of our country.
9．用非限制性定语从句合并句子4、5
What's more，this valuable cultural relic can attract more visitors to our city，which will improve our tourism.
10．用only in this way开头的倒装句改写句6
Only in this way can it not be destroyed by people.
【参考范文】
Recently，citizens in our city have had/held a heated debate on whether we should explore the cultural relic，which was discovered in our city.Different people have different opinions.
Some people think highly of the idea.They think the cultural relic is worth exploring，which will make people learn more about the great history of our country.What's more，this valuable cultural relic can attract more visitors to our city，which will improve our tourism.However，others hold an opposite opinion，thinking that we should keep it as it is and protect it properly.Only in this way can it not be destroyed by people.
As far as I am concerned，we should talk with the experts in search of a better way to make good use of this rare cultural relic.
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Unit 1 Cultural relics
【导读】 通常看一个人读些什么书就可知道他的为人，就像看他同什么人交往就可知道他的为人一样，因为有人以人为伴，也有人以书为伴。阅读下面选取的美文《以书为伴》，对比中外文化中对书籍态度的异同。
Companionship of Books
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps；for there is a companionship① of books as well as of men；and one should always live in the best company，whether it be of books or of men.
A good book may be among the best of friends.It is the same today that it always was，and it will never change.It is the most patient and cheerful of companions.It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity② or distress.It always receives us with the same kindness；amusing and instructing us in youth，and comforting and consoling③ us in age.
Men often discover their affinity④ to each other by the love they have each for a book—just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third.There is an old proverb：“love me，love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this：“love me，love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union.Men can think，feel，and sympathize with each other through their favorite author.They live in him together，and he in them.
“Books”，said Hazlitt，“wind into the heart；the poet's verse slides in the current of our blood.We read them when young，we remember them when old.We feel that it has happened to ourselves.They are to be very cheap and good.We breathe but the air of books.”
A good book is often the best urn of a life，enshrining⑤ the best that life could think out；for the world of a man's life is，for the most part，but the world of his thoughts.Thus the best books are treasuries of good words，the golden thoughts，which，remembered and cherished，become our constant companions and comforters.“They are never alone，” said Sir Philip Sidney，“that are accompanied by noble thoughts.”
The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and guarding the soul.It also enshrines the germs of action，for good words almost always inspire to good works.
Books possess an essence of immortality⑥.They are by far the most lasting products of human efforts.Temples and statues decay，but books survive.Time is of no account with great thoughts，which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author's minds ages ago.What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page.The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products；for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.
Books introduce us into the best society；they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived.We hear what they said and did；we see them as if they were really alive；we sympathize⑦ with them，enjoy with them，grieve with them；their experience becomes ours，and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe.
The great and good do not die ever in this world.Embalmed in books，their spirits walk abroad.The book is a living voice.It is an intellect to which one still listens.Hence we ever remain under the influence of the great men of old.The imperial⑧ intellects of the world are as much alive now as they were ages ago.
以书为伴
观其友而知其人，同样，察其所读之书亦能知其人，只因书与人一样，也能做人之友。而人总应择其最佳者为友，无论是书还是人。
好书如好友，过去是，现在也是，将来也不会变。书是最沉静也最让人愉悦的伙伴，即使我们遭遇灾难或不幸、痛苦，它也不会背叛我们，始终如一，善待接纳。我们年轻时，书本给我们以欢娱和陶冶；我们老迈时，又给我们以慰藉和鼓励。
人们常常因同爱一本书而精神共鸣——正如两个人有时因共同仰慕另外一人而彼此成为朋友，古谚云：“爱屋及乌”，而“爱其人，也爱其珍爱之书”这句话里却含有更多的哲理。书是更忠诚更高尚的情感纽带。人们可以通过共同喜爱的作者而相知相契，息息相通。他们的思想与作者的思想水乳交融，密不可分。
黑兹利特曾说：“书香轻拂沁心灵，诗行轻滑渗血液。青春时所读之书，垂暮时依然会回想，仿佛就在身边发生。书籍价廉物美，我们就在书香中呼吸。”
一本好书往往就是作者的人生结晶，里面蕴藏着他穷其一生的求索成果。因为人一生的世界大多就是其思想的世界，故而最优秀的书籍也就是至理名言和辉煌思想的富藏。这些思想若能铭记在心，就成为我们永久的朋友和永恒的慰藉。菲利普·悉尼爵士说过：“与高尚思想为伴的人永不寂寞。”
在我们经受诱惑时，美好的思想如同仁慈的天使，净化护卫着我们的灵魂，并蕴含着我们行动的萌芽，因为美好的话语总能激励我们美好的行动。
书籍永生，是人类劳作最长久的成果。庙宇会坍塌，雕像会朽败，书籍却经久长存。伟大的思想不会因时间的流逝而失其光辉，一如千百年前最初在作者脑海中出现时那样清新。往昔的论述和思想今天依然在书页上鲜明有力地展现在我们面前。时间的唯一作用就是淘汰低劣之作。只有真正优秀的作品才能与世长存，流芳千古。
书籍把我们带入最优秀的人群之中，把我们带到人间一切最伟大的思想家面前，我们聆听其话语，领会其成就，仿佛他们依然活在人间。我们与他们灵犀相通，悲喜与共，他们的人生体验变成我们自己的人生体验。我们仿佛感觉到，我们是在作者描绘的人生舞台上，与他们同台演出。
伟大和美好的思想在这个世界上永不会消亡。载之于书籍，这思想传诸四海，而书籍就是活着的声音，是我们至今仍在倾听的真知灼见，因而我们永远沐浴在逝去伟人的思想中。与千百年前一样，人世间无与伦比的智慧如今依然熠熠生辉。
[知识积累]
1．companionship n． 伙伴关系；友情，友谊
2．adversity n. 逆境；不幸；灾难
3．console v. 安慰，慰问
4．affinity n. 密切关系
5．enshrine v. 珍藏，铭记
6．immortality n. 永生不朽，不灭
7．sympathize v. 同情，怜悯
8．imperial adj. 皇家的，庄严的；特级的
[文化链接]
西方人的读书态度
西方人的读书态度是将读书作为一种生活习惯和人生习惯，真正投入时间是在自己的兴趣所在上。在西方世界，书是知识的海洋和无限的奥秘，他们的读书观是读书这件事就是件最重要的小事情，世界上任何书籍都不能带给你好运，但是它们能让你成为你自己，如此而已。
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