Unit 2 The Olympic Games
你们都对夏季奥运会有所了解，但是你们了解冬季奥运会吗？下面是关于冬季奥运会的一些情况。
The Winter Olympics
The Winter Olympics are also called the White Olympics.At this time，many colorful stamps are published to mark the great Games.The first stamps marking the Winter Olympics came out on January 25，1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics.From then on，publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.
During the 4th Winter Olympic Games a group of stamps were published in Germany in November，1936.The five rings of Olympics were drawn on the front of the sportswear.It was the first time that the rings appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics.
In the 1950's，the stamps of this kind became more colorful.When the White Olympics came，the host countries as well as the non-host countries published stamps to mark those Games.China also published four stamps in February，1980，when the Chinese sportsmen began to take part in the White Olympics.
Japan is the first Asian country that has held the White Olympics.Altogether 14，500 million stamps were sold to raise money for this sports meet.
Different kinds of sports were drawn on these small stamps.People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some sportsmen.
[阅读障碍词]
1．publish vt. 出版；发行
2．mark vt. 标志；表示
3．ring n. 环
4．altogether adv. 总计
[诱思导读]
1．What's the Winter Olympics also called?
2．When was it made a rule to work out stamps to mark the Winter Olympics?
3．What may appear on the stamps of the White Olympics?
A．Basketball. B．Table tennis.
C．Football. D．Skating.
[答案] 1.The White Olympics. 2.After the 3rd White Olympics. 3.D
Section Ⅰ Warming Up，Pre?reading & Reading
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.ancient A．vi.比赛；竞争
( )2.compete B．adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的
( )3.medal C．n.奖章；勋章；纪念章
( )4.magical D．adj.古代的；古老的
( )5.volunteer E．n.志愿者；志愿兵 adj.志愿的；义
务的 vt.& vi.自愿
( )6.regular F．n.责任；职责
( )7.basis G．adj.规则的；定期的；常规的
( )8.admit H．n.基础；根据
( )9.responsibility I．vt.取代；替换；代替
( )10.replace J．vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳
[答案] 1－5 DACBE 6－10 GHJFI
Ⅱ.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思
A．每两周一次 B．代表；表示 C．也；又；还
D．参加 E．事实上；实际上 F．为……竞争/比赛
( )1.I'm coming to London and my sister is coming as well.
( )2.The sign X stands for an unknown number.
( )3.They all dressed up to take part in the New Year's party.
( )4.Athletes compete for gold medals in the Olympic Games.
( )5.At middle school，I often went home every two weeks.
( )6.As a matter of fact，he received an invitation from his boss to attend the party.
[答案] 1－6 CBDFAE
AN INTERVIEW
Pausanias，who was a Greek writer about 2，000 years ago，has come on a magical journey on March 18th，2007 to find out① about the present-day Olympic Games②.He is now interviewing Li Yan，a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
一次采访
帕萨尼亚斯是大约2 000年前的一位希腊作家，他于2007年3月18日做了一次魔幻旅行，来打听当代奥林匹克运动会的情况。现在他正在采访一位2008年奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕。
[助读讲解] ①find out 查明，弄清；动词不定式短语to find out...作目的状语。②present-day adj.当前的，现在的。
P：My name is Pausanias.I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece”③ and I used to write about④ the Olympic Games a long time ago.I've come to your time⑤ to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics?
L：Good heavens! Have you really come from so long ago? But of course you can ask any questions you like.What would you like to know？
帕：我叫帕萨尼亚斯。我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。我可以问你一些有关现代奥林匹克运动会的问题吗？
李：天哪！你真的来自那么久远的年代？当然你可以问你想问的问题。你想知道什么呢？
[助读讲解] ③what 引导名词性从句，作介词in的宾语。④used to do...过去常常……。⑤time n．时代，时期。
P：How often do you hold your Games?
L：Every four years⑥.There are two main sets of Games—the Winter and the Summer Olympics⑦，and both are held every four years on a regular basis.The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games.Only athletes(运动员) who have reached the agreed standard⑧ for their event will be admitted as competitors(竞争者)．They may come from anywhere in the world.
帕：你们的奥运会多久举行一次？
李：每四年一次。运动会主要有两种：冬季奥运会和夏季奥运会。这两种运动会都是每四年举行一次。冬季奥运会总是在夏季奥运会的前两年举行。只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。选手可能来自全世界任何一个地方。
[助读讲解] ⑥every four years(＝every fourth year)每四年，每隔三年。⑦the Winter and the Summer Olympics 是two main sets of Games的同位语。⑧who引导定语从句，修饰athletes。
P：Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing in winter？And what about the horses?
L：Oh no! There are no running races or horse riding events.Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice.That's why they're called the Winter Olympics.⑨It's in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races，together with swimming，sailing and all the team sports.⑩
帕：冬季奥运会？冬天运动员怎么可能赛跑啊？又怎么可能赛马呢？
李：噢，不！冬奥会并不包括跑步和骑马比赛。但是却有像滑冰和滑雪这类需要冰雪的比赛项目。所以才叫它冬季奥运会。跑步、游泳、划船和所有团队项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。
[助读讲解] ⑨That's why...中why引导表语从句。⑩It's in the Summer Olympics that you have....为强调句，强调了地点状语。
P：I see.Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world.Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning.No other countries could join in，nor could slaves(奴隶) or women！?
L：Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough.There are over 250 sports and each one has its own standard.Women are not only allowed，but play a very important role in? gymnastics(体操)，athletics，team sports and...
帕：我明白了。你之前说邀请来的运动员来自世界各地。你指的是希腊世界？我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
李：现在只要他们的运动员达到了参赛的标准，任何国家都可参加。共有250多个运动项目，每个项目都有自己的标准。妇女不仅被允许参加，而且她们在体操、竞技和团体运动等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
[助读讲解] ?“nor/neither＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构表示“……也不这样”，nor为否定副词，在句首引起倒装。?not only...but(also)...不仅……而且……。
P：Please wait a minute! All those events，all those countries and even women taking part! Where are all the athletes housed?？
L：For each Olympics，a special village is built for them to live in，a main reception building，several stadiums(体育场) for competitions，and a gymnasium as well.
P：That sounds very expensive.Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games?
L：As a matter of fact，every country wants the opportunity.It's a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.?There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.?The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing，China.Did you know that?
P：Oh yes ! You must be very proud.
帕：请等一下！所有这么多项目，所有这么多国家，甚至妇女也参加！所有这些参赛的人住在哪里呢？
李：每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。
帕：那听起来要花很多钱吧。会有人想承办奥运会吗？
李：事实上，每个国家都想抓住这个机会。被选中不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。2008年的奥运会将在中国的北京举行。你知道吗？
帕：是的，我知道。你们一定很自豪。
[助读讲解] ?house此处为及物动词，意为供给(某人)住处。?It's a great responsibility...to be chosen中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为to be chosen。?句中包含“as much＋不可数名词＋as”结构，意为“……和……一样多”。
L：Certainly.And after that the 2012 Olympics will be held in London.They have already started planning for it.A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London.New medals will be designed of course and...
P：Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath(花冠；圈状物) has been replaced! Oh dear! Do you compete for? prize money too?
L：No，we don't.It's still all about? being able to run faster，jump higher and throw further.That's the motto(座右铭；格言) of the Olympics，you know—“Swifter(快的)，Higher and Stronger.”
P：Well，that's good news.How interesting! Thank you so much for your time.
李：当然。那之后2012年的奥运会将在伦敦举行。他们现在已经开始筹划。在伦敦的东部将为运动员建立一个新的奥运村和所有的运动场。当然也会设计新的奖牌……
帕：你刚才说奖牌是吗？就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！天哪！你们也为奖金而竞赛吗？
李：不，不是的。仍然是为了能够跑得更快，跳得更高，掷得更远。你知道，奥运会的口号就是“更快，更高，更强”。
帕：这是个好消息。很有趣！ 占用了你的时间，非常感谢。
[助读讲解] ?for 为了。?all about 一切为了。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P9－P10教材课文，选择最佳答案
This interview is mainly about ．
A．a magical journey by Pausanias
B．the similarities and differences about the ancient and modern Olympics
C．the ancient Olympic Games in Greece
D．the modern Olympic Games
[答案] B
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P9－P10教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Why did Pausanias come to China from Ancient Greece?
A．To watch the present?day Olympic Games.
B．To find out about the present?day Olympic Games.
C．To take part in the present?day Olympic Games.
D．To work as a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
2．Which of the following can't be included in the Summer Olympic Games?
A．Running races. B．Swimming.
C．Sailing. D．Skiing.
3．Why do so many countries compete for hosting the Olympic Games?
A．Because it can bring in lots of money to the host country.
B．Because it can make the host country win more medals.
C．Because it's a great responsibility and a great honour.
D．Because it can make the host country stronger.
4．Which word can best describe Pausanias' feeling?
A．Disappointed. B．Angry.
C．Sad. D．Surprised.
[答案] 1－4 BDCD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P9－P10教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Olympic Games are the 1.biggest (big) sports meeting in the world.There are two kinds of Olympic Games.One is the Summer Olympic Games，and the other is the Winter Olympic Games.2.Both of them are held every four years on a regular 3.basis (base)．All countries can take part if their athletes have reached the 4.agreed (agree) standard to the games.In the past women were not allowed to take part in the Olympic Games.Nowadays，women have a chance 5.to play (play) an important role in the great games.Because of so many 6.athletes(athlete)，a special village is needed to build for them to live in，7.including (include) a main reception building，several stadiums for competitions，a large swimming pool，and seats for audience 8.who watch the games.It is a great honor to host the Olympic Games.In addition，for many countries it's just as much competition to host the Olympic Games 9.as to win Olympic medals.Nowadays，the olive wreath has been replaced by medals.But it's still about being able to run 10.faster(fast)，jump higher and throw further.
1
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Many people served as volunteers (志愿者) in the Beijing Olympic Games.
2．Nowadays (现今)，more and more people like chatting on the Internet.
3．The driver should take responsibility (责任) for the passengers' safety.
4．People have lived in this valley since ancient (古代的) times.
5．His encouragement has a magical (魔力般的) effect on children.
6．I decided to replace my old cars with a new one.
7．No one but ticket?holders was admitted into the park.
8．More than 10，000 athletes took part in the Games.
9．We all know that Tokyo will host the 2020 Olympic Games.
10．He will compete with a skilled athlete in the coming game.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳→admission n．准入；准许
2．responsibility n．责任；职责→responsible adj.有责任的；负责的
3．regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的→regularly adv.定期地；规则地
4．magic n．魔术；魔力→ magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的→magician n．魔术师
5．volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵 adj.志愿的；义务的 v．自愿→voluntary adj.志愿的；义务的
6．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competitor n．竞争者→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitive adj.有竞争力的
adj.＋?ity→n. n.＋?al→adj.
reality 现实 activity 活跃Equality 平等 national 国家的，全国性的，民族的 traditional 传统的 musical 音乐的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．take part in 参加；参与
2．stand for 代表；象征；表示
3．every four years 每四年
4．as well 也；又；还
5．as a matter of fact 事实上；实际上
6．be admitted as 被作为……接受
7．play a very important part in
在……中起重要作用
8．together with 和；连同
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．I am going to Paris and my brother is going as well．
2．Different finger positions stand for different letters of the alphabet.
3．I am proud of our school and feel fortunate to be admitted as one of its students.
4．I hope that all of you can take part in the sports meeting for the honour of our class.
5．Traditional values like family harmony still play an important part in Chinese people's hearts.
v.＋for→动词短语 v.＋against→动词短语
wait for等候，等待 ask for请求，要(某物) leave for动身去 compete against与……竞争/比赛 play against与……对抗/交手 be against反对
1．I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.
我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。
[记句式结构]what引导宾语从句
[仿写促落实]As is known to us，we live in what is called Information Age．
众所周知，我们生活在所谓的信息时代。
2．It's in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races，together with swimming，sailing and all the team sports.
跑步、游泳、划船和所有团队项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。
[记句式结构]强调句型it's＋被强调部分＋that...
[仿写促落实]It was because of bad weather that the sports meeting had to be put off.
是因为坏天气运动会才不得不被推迟。
3．Women are not only allowed，but play a very important role in gymnastics，athletics，team sports and...
妇女不仅被允许参加，而且她们在体操、竞技和团体运动等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
[记句式结构]not only...but (also)...“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分
[仿写促落实]Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television.
不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。
4．There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。
[记句式结构]as...as...引导比较状语从句
[仿写促落实]It's generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science．
人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，也是一门艺术。
compete vi.比赛；竞争
(教材P9)How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games?
有多少国家参加古代奥运会？
(1)compete for 为……竞争/比赛
compete against/with 与……竞争/比赛
compete in 参加……的比赛
(2)competition n. 竞争；角逐
competitive adj. 竞争的
competitor n. 竞争者
①Tom competed against five other athletes for the first place in a race.
在比赛中，汤姆与其他五个运动员争夺第一名。
②Many athletes will compete in the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing in 2022.
很多运动员将会参加2022年在北京举行的冬奥会。
③Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive (compete) world.
没有人能够完全远离这个充满竞争的社会。
[语境助记]
As the youngest competitor，I had to compete in the writing contest against/with 20 other top students for the writing award.I must be very competitive to be the winner.
作为最年轻的比赛者，我必须和另外20名顶尖的学生在写作比赛中竞争以获得这次写作奖。要成为获胜者，我必须有很强的竞争力。
take part in参加；参与
(教材P9)Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games?
谁不能参加古代奥运会呢？
play a part in 在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用
take part 参加(不跟宾语)
take an active part in 积极参加……
①Grey was too sick to take part.
格雷病得太重，没法参加。
②Friends play an important part in our lives.
朋友在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。
③Generally speaking，boys take an active part in sports.一般来说，男孩子积极参加体育活动。
stand for代表；象征；表示；支持；容忍
(教材P9)What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for?
奥运会会旗上的五环代表什么？
写出下列句中stand for的含义
①We stand for peace and against war.
支持
②This symbol stands for strength.
代表
③I will not stand for behaviour of that kind in my house.
容忍
stand by 袖手旁观；站在……一边，支持
stand out 显眼；引人注目
stand up 起立；站得住脚
④Don't lose heart；all your friends will stand by you.
不要灰心，你的所有朋友都会支持你。
⑤The character font stands out well against the dark background.
那种字体在深色背景下，十分醒目。
[名师点津]
stand for作“代表”讲时，不用于进行时态和被动语态。
volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵 adj. 志愿的；义务的 vt.&vi. 自愿
(教材P9)He is now interviewing Li Yan，a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
现在他正在采访一位2008年奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕。
(1)volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
volunteer for sth. 自愿做某事
(2)voluntary adj. 自愿的
①The couple often volunteer to take part in activities helping those in trouble.
这对夫妇经常自愿参加帮助有困难的人的活动。
②We need some volunteers(volunteer) to rescue the trapped workers.
我们需要一些志愿者来营救被困工人。
③I do some voluntary (volunteer) work at the local hospital.
我在当地医院从事一些义务工作。
admit vt.& vi.承认；容许；接纳
(教材P10)Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.
只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。
(1)admit (to) sth. 承认(事实、过错等)
admit (to) doing/having done sth.
承认做过某事
admit that... 承认……
(2)admit sb.to be/as... 承认某人是；接纳某人为……
admit...to/into... 允许……加入/进入……
(3)admission n. 承认；坦白；入场费；准入；录用
①As was expected，he was admitted to/into Beijing University.
正如所预料的一样，他被北京大学录取了。
②She was admitted as a member of the trade union.
她被接纳为工会会员。
③He admitted breaking/having broken (break) the school rules and willingly accepted punishment.
他承认违反了校规，愿意接受惩罚。
④As a matter of fact，we all admit him to be (be) an honest man.
事实上，我们都承认他是一位诚实的人。
[图形助记]
[名师点津]
admit用法两注意
①作“承认，招认”解时，admit (to) doing sth.这一结构中的to可有可无，切记不可将to当作不定式符号；②作“接纳，允许进入”解时，与介词to/into搭配。
as well也；又；还
(教材P10)For each Olympics，a special village is built for them to live in，a main reception building，several stadiums for competitions，and a gymnasium as well.
每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。
(1)as well as也；和；还；和……一样好(在句中连接并列成分)
(2)may/might as well 不妨……；还是……更好(表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议)
①He was selected to take part in the Olympic Games as well.他也被选去参加奥运会。
②Now that you have a good chance，you may/might as well make full use of it.
既然你有一个好机会，你不妨充分利用这次机会。
③Helen as well as I is(be) eager to see the performance.我和海伦都渴望看这场演出。
[名师点津]
A as well as B作主语时，谓语动词与A在人称和数上保持一致。
responsibility n．责任；职责
(教材P10)It's a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.
被选中不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。
(1)a sense of responsibility 责任感
take responsibility for 对……负责
(2)responsible adj. 负责任的；对……负责的
be responsible for 对……负责
①This will help them build up a sense of responsibility since young.
这将有助于帮助他们从小增强责任感。
②You are in charge of the company，so you should take responsibility for what you said.
你负责这家公司，所以你应该为你所说的话负责。
③Parents are responsible for their children's safety.
父母应为子女的安全负责。
[语境助记]
We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.
我们会负责你的安全，而你需要为自己的行为负责。
replace vt.取代；替换；代替
(教材P10)So even the olive wreath has been replaced！就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！
(1)replace A with/by B 用B替换A
(2)take the place of＝ take one's place ＝replace
代替，取代(动词短语)
in place of 代替，取代(介词短语)
instead of 代替；而不是(介词短语)
①It's not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks.
不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。
②He is not fit for the job.We've hired a new one in place of him.
他不适合这项工作，我们已经另雇了一个人代替他。
③I will replace your teacher to give lessons for you.＝ I will take the place of your teacher to give lessons for you.＝ I will give lessons for you in place of your teacher.
我会代替你们的老师给你们上课。
(教材P9)I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.
我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。
【要点提炼】 what you call “Ancient Greece”是宾语从句，what在从句中作call的宾语，Ancient Greece是宾补。在本句中，what相当于the place that/which。
(1)what引导的名词性从句除了可以作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语、表语或同位语等。
(2)what在所引导的名词性从句中充当一定的成分。
(3)what引导的名词性从句用陈述语序。
①In 1492，Columbus reached what is now called America.
1492年哥伦布到达了现在被称作美洲大陆的地方。
②At last we came to a place that/which is called “Tibet”．＝ At last we came to what is called “Tibet”．
最后我们来到了一个叫“西藏”的地方。
[名师点津]
名词性从句中的what与that
what引导名词性从句常在从句中表示某种意义且作成分，而that引导名词性从句时，that在从句中一般无意义，且在从句中不作任何句子成分。
(教材P10)It's in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races，together with swimming，sailing and all the team sports.
跑步、游泳、划船和所有团队项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。
【要点提炼】 句中It's...that...是强调句型。
(1)强调句型的基本结构
It is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构
Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其余部分？
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构
特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其余部分？
①It was your sister that I met in the street yesterday.
昨天我在街上见到的是你姐姐。
②Was it yesterday that they attended a concert?
他们是昨天参加的音乐会吗？
③Where was it that the 23rd Winter Olympic Games took place?
第23届冬季奥运会是在哪里举行的？
(教材P10)Women are not only allowed，but play a very important role in gymnastics，athletics，team sports and....
妇女不仅被允许参加，而且她们在体操、竞技和团体运动等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
【要点提炼】 句中“not only...but...”结构意为“不仅……，而且……”，其中but后省略了also。
(1)not only...but also...结构中，also可省略。
(2)not only...but(also)...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。
(3)not only...but(also)...连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only所在的分句需使用部分倒装。
①The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but (also) share a large number of social customs.
英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。
②Not only the students but also the teacher was(be) against the plan.
不但学生们反对这个计划，这个老师也反对。
③Not only does the sun give us light，but also it gives us heat.
太阳给我们提供光与热。
1．(教材P9)Pausanias，who was a Greek writer about 2，000 years ago，has come on a magical journey on March 18th，2007 to find out about the present?day Olympic Games.
【分析】 句中who引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Pausanias；不定式短语to find out...在句中作目的状语。
【翻译】 帕萨尼亚斯是大约2 000年前的一位希腊作家，他于2007年3月18日做了一次魔幻旅行，来打听当代奥林匹克运动会的情况。
2．(教材P9)I've come to your time to find out about the present?day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.
【分析】 不定式短语to find out about the present?day Olympic Games为目的状语，because引导原因状语从句，该从句中又含有that引导的宾语从句。
【翻译】 现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．First prize in the competition(compete) will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice.
2．He admitted taking/having taken (take) the money but promised never to do it again.
3．It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
4．I don't have to stand for such rude behavior.
5．One of the volunteers (volunteer) for the rescue work injured himself when helping others.
6．It was when I arrived home that I realized I had left my key in the office.
7．After many days' voyage，they arrived in what is called Africa now.
8．We have a magical(magic) view over the calm water of the lake from our window.
9．Everyone should take responsibility (responsible) for this work.
10．They met regularly (regular) and discussed the hot topic in the society.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．不但露西而且她的家人都喜欢去世界各地旅行。
Not only Lucy but also her family like to travel around the world.
2．他们已经尽力帮助了她。
They've done what they can to help her．
3．参加英语演讲比赛是学习英语的一种很有帮助的方法。
Taking part in the English speech competition is a helpful way to learn English.
4．如果你不参加这次运动会，我也不参加。
If you don't take part in the sports meeting，neither/nor will I．
5．我们班所有的学生都努力为高分而竞争。
The students in our class try our best to compete for higher grades.(compete)
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Section Ⅲ Grammar——一般将来时的被动语态
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句 后自主感悟
1.Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.2．And after that the 2012 Olympics will be held in London.3．A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London.4．I shall be invited to speak at the opening ceremony. 1.例句1、2、3中的黑体部分为“will＋be＋done”构成的一般将来时的被动语态。2．例句4中的黑体部分为“shall＋be＋done”构成的一般将来时的被动语态。
一、基本用法
一般将来时的被动语态在各种句式中的用法如下：
1．肯定式：shall/will＋be＋过去分词
The stadium will be finished soon.
体育馆很快就会竣工。
2．否定式：won't/shan't＋be＋过去分词
He will not be punished for it.
他将不会为此受到惩罚。
3．一般疑问式：will/shall＋主语＋be＋过去分词
Will the house be painted again next month?
下个月这所房子将重新粉刷吗？
4．特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋shall/will＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他
Where will the cinema be built?
将在哪里建电影院呢？
[即时训练1] 用被动语态改写下列句子
①They will plant some trees in their school tomorrow.
→Some trees will be planted in their school tomorrow.
②A new plan will be put forward at the meeting this afternoon.
→Will a new plan be put forward at the meeting this afternoon？(改为一般疑问句)
→When will a new plan be put forward at the meeting？(就this afternoon提问)
二、其他表示将来的被动语态形式
1．be to be done
(1)表示按计划或安排将要发生的被动动作。
The novel is to be published next year.
这本小说将在明年出版。
(2)表示“应该”，意思相当于should，可用来征求对方意见。
What is to be done next?
下一步该怎么办呢？
(3)表示“必须”，意思相当于must 或 have to。
Your paper is to be handed in before Thursday.
你的论文要在星期四之前上交。
2．be going to be done
常用来表示按计划或安排将要发生的被动动作。
The old library is going to be pulled down tomorrow.
这座旧图书馆明天将被拆除。
3．will/shall get＋过去分词
表示一种动作，有时用来表示意想不到的、突然的或偶然发生的情况。多用于口语。
The machine will get repaired by him.
他会修理这台机器的。
4．am/is/are about to be done
表示立即或马上就要发生的被动动作。
The polluted water is about to be cleaned.
被污染的水即将被净化。
[即时训练2] 完成句子
①那个问题将在会上讨论。(be going to)
The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting.
②运动会将于10月5日举行。(be to do)
The sports meeting is to be held on Oct.5.
③当你看到这个场面时你被感动了吗？(will get done)
Will you get moved by the scene when you see it?
三、应注意的几个问题
1．在时间、条件状语从句中，应使用现在时的被动语态表示将来的被动动作。
He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this.
他说如果因为这件事而受到惩罚，他将离开公司。
When our classroom is decorated，it will be more beautiful.
当我们的教室被装修完毕时，它一定会更加漂亮。
2．动词短语变被动语态时不能漏掉介词或副词。
The little girl will be taken care of by the old man.
这个小女孩将由这个老人照顾。
3．含有双宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，应根据需要将其中的一个宾语变成被动句的主语，另一个宾语保留不变。
My mother will give me a shirt as a birthday present.
→I will be given a shirt (by my mother) as a birthday present.
我的妈妈将给我一件衬衣作为生日礼物。
[名师点津]
如果把直接宾语改为主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for。如上句可以改为：
A shirt will be given (by my mother) to me as my birthday present.
4．使用一般将来时的被动语态时，学生容易遗漏被动式中的“be”，否定句中也要注意“not”的位置。
It is reported that the old office building will be torn down in two months.
据报道，这座旧办公楼两个月后将拆除。
The trees on the hill will not be totally destroyed.
山上的树将不会完全被毁坏。
[即时训练3] 将下面句子变为被动语态
①They will pay attention to the similar problem in their following task.
→The similar problem will be paid attention to by them in their following task.
②My brother will give me a book.
→I will be given a book (by my brother)．
→A book will be given to me (by my brother)．
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．All means will be made(make) full use of to solve the problem from now on.
2．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded (reward) with success in the end.
3．Sir Denis，who is 78，has made it known that much of his collection is to be left (leave) to the nation.
4．These trees are not going to be cut (cut) down.
5．Hundreds of jobs will be lost (lose) if the factory closes.
6．If I am given (give) more time，I'm sure I'll do it better.
7．A tent is going to be put (put) up in the middle of the field.
8．Good news！Maybe I will/shall be given (give) a job soon.
9．A new airport will be built (build) in my hometown next year.
10．Don't worry.The hard work that you do now will be repaid (repay) later in life.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The wedding is going to be held (举行) next week.(be going to)
2．The plan is to be discussed (讨论) by the managers this week.(be to do)
3．I hope I will be accepted as (被接纳为) a member of your summer camp.(will)
4．The patient is to be operated on(动手术) soon.(be to do)
5．You won't be allowed (不允许) to take so much luggage with you on the plane.(will)
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Section Ⅳ Using Language
THE STORY OF ATALANTA
Atalanta was a Greek princess.She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece.But she was not allowed to run① and win glory(荣誉) for herself in the Olympic Games.She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.②Her father said that she must marry，so Atalanta made a bargain(讲条件) with him.She said to him，“These are my rules.When a man says he wants to marry me，I will run against him.If he cannot run as fast as me，he will be killed.No one will be pardoned.”
阿塔兰忒的故事
阿塔兰忒是一位希腊公主。她很美丽，并且比希腊的任何男子跑得都快。但是她却不被允许在奥运会上参加比赛为自己赢得荣誉。她非常生气，就对她父亲说，她不会嫁给任何一个跑不过她的男人。她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是阿塔兰忒就和她的父亲达成了一个协议。她对父亲说：“我有我的条件。如果有人说想娶我，我就跟他赛跑。如果他跑得不如我快，他就要被杀掉。任何人不得求饶。”
[助读讲解] ①be (not) allowed to do sth.(不)被允许做某事。②would 在此处表示意愿。would not 不肯，不愿意。句中so...that...引导结果状语从句；第二个that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句。
Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atalanta，but when they heard of③ her rules they knew it was hopeless.So many of them sadly went home，but others stayed to run the race.There was a man called Hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of Atalanta's rules④，“Why are these men so foolish？” he thought.“Why will they let themselves be killed because they cannot run as fast as this princess？” However，when he saw Atalanta come out of her house to run，Hippomenes changed his mind⑤.“I will marry Atalanta—or die！” he said.
许多国王和王子想娶阿塔兰忒，但是当听到她规定的条件时，他们知道是没有希望的，因此许多人就闷闷不乐地回家了，但是也有一些人留下来赛跑。有位叫希波墨涅斯的人，听到阿塔兰忒的条件，大为吃惊。他想：“为什么这些男人那么愚蠢呢？为什么他们跑不过这个公主就让别人把自己杀掉呢？”后来，当希波墨涅斯看到阿塔兰忒从屋子里出来跑步时，他改变了主意。他说：“我要娶阿塔兰忒，否则就去死。”
[助读讲解] ③hear of/about 听说，得知。④called Hippomenes 是a man的后置宾语；who引导定语从句，when引导时间状语从句。⑤change one's mind 改变主意。
The race started and although the men ran very fast，Atalanta ran faster.As Hippomenes watched⑥ he thought，“How can I run as fast as Atalanta？” He went to ask the Greek Goddess of Love for help.She promised to help⑦ him and gave him three golden apples.She said，“Throw an apple in front of Atalanta when she is running past.When she stops to pick it up⑧，you will be able to run past her and win.” Hippomenes took the apples and went to the King.He said，“I want to marry Atalanta.” The King was sad to see another man die，but Hippomenes said，“I will marry her—or die！” So the race began.
比赛开始了，虽然那些男人跑得很快，可是阿塔兰忒跑得更快。希波墨涅斯边看边想：“我怎样才能跑得像阿塔兰忒一样快呢？”他去向希腊爱情女神求助。女神答应帮助他，并且给了他三个金苹果。她说：“当阿塔兰忒跑过你的时候，你就把一个苹果扔在她前面。当她停下来去捡苹果时，你就可以超过她而获胜。”希波墨涅斯拿着苹果去见国王。他说：“我要娶阿塔兰忒。”国王很忧伤，因为又要看到一个人去送死了，但是希波墨涅斯说：“我要娶她，要不，我就去死。”于是比赛开始了。
[助读讲解] ⑥as引导时间状语从句。⑦promise to do sth.许诺做某事。⑧pick up拾起，捡起。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
1.速读P14教材课文，概括文章大意
The story is about Atalanta who races to marry the man running faster than her.To win the race，Hippomenes asked for help from the Greek Goddess of Love.
2．速读P14教材课文，排序
a．Atalanta was angry.
b．When they heard the rules，some kings and princes went home.
c．Atalanta was not allowed to run in the Olympic Games.
d．Atalanta would marry a man who could run faster than her.
e．Hippomenes asked for help from the Greek Goddess of Love.
[答案] c a d b e
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P14教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Why was Atalanta angry?
A．Because no man could run faster than her.
B．Because she wasn't allowed to run in the Olympic Games.
C．Because her father forced her to marry a man who couldn't run faster than her.
D．Because men in her country thought little of her.
2．What would happen if a man couldn't run faster than Atalanta?
A．He would be fined.
B．He would become a slave.
C．He would be killed.
D．He would be put in prison.
3．What did Hippomenes think of the men who ran against Atalanta at first?
A．Wise. B．Brave.
C．Foolish. D．Shy.
4．Who helped Hippomenes?
A．The Greek Goddess of Love.
B．The king.
C．Atalanta.
D．The prince.
[答案] 1－4 BCCA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P14教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Atalanta was a Greek 1.princess(prince) who was very beautiful and could run 2.faster(fast) than any man in Greece.3.But she was not allowed to run in the Olympic Games.She was so angry that she said to 4.her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.What's more，if he couldn't run as fast as her，he would 5.be killed(kill)．
6．Hearing(hear) of her rules，many of the kings and princes 7.sadly(sad) went home.8.A man 9.called(call) Hippomenes was determined to run the race with the Greek Goddess of Love 10.helping(help) him.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Honors do not always go to those who deserve (应受) them.
2．It is foolish (愚蠢的) of you to have told your friend that news.
3．I get a physical (身体的) examination once a year.
4．What a bargain！Thanks for helping me with this shopping.
5．If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.
6．Who do you think will take charge of this company?
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．physical adj.物理的；身体的→physics n．物理；物理学
2．advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告→advertisement n．广告
3．foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的→foolishly adv.愚蠢地；傻乎乎地
4．hope n．& v．希望→hopeful adj.有希望的→hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．in charge 主管；看管
2．take the place of 代替
3．on purpose 故意地
4．one after another 陆续地；一个接一个地
5．change one's mind 改变主意
6．pick up 捡起；拾起
7．apart from 除……以外
8．hand in hand 手拉手；手牵手
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Could you please tell me who is in charge here?
2．I picked up a few words of Greek when I was in Greece last year.
3．I have made up my mind and nothing will make me change my mind．
4．The teacher said，“Class is over.”Then the students left the classroom one after another．
1．She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece.
她很美丽，并且比希腊的任何男子跑得都快。
[记句式结构]“比较级＋than＋any＋n.”表示最高级
[仿写促落实]China is larger than any country in Africa.
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
2．She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.
她非常生气，就对她父亲说，她不会嫁给任何一个跑不过她的男人。
[记句式结构]“so＋adj.＋that...” 表示“如此……以至于
……”，that引导结果状语从句
[仿写促落实]He studied so hard that he won the first place in the exam.
他那么努力学习以至于在考试中获得了第一名。
3．This is important because the more you speak English，the better your English will become.
这是很重要的，因为你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。
[记句式结构]“the＋比较级...the＋比较级...”表示“越……就越……”
[仿写促落实]The harder you study，the greater progress you'll make.
你学习越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
charge n．费用；主管；看管；责任
vi.& vt.收费；控诉；要价；指控
(教材P12)duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong
如果出现问题，有负责和介入麻烦事的责任
(1)charge sb.for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb.with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
(2)take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……
free of charge 免费
in sb.'s charge ＝ in the charge of sb.
由……主管(含被动意义)
①The boss charged me $20 for a room for a night.
那个老板一个房间一晚上向我收费20美元。
②The company was badly organized until she took charge of it.
公司管理很差，直到她掌管为止。
③Six days later，the police arrested him and charged him with stealing (steal) the jewels.
警方六天以后将他逮捕，并指控他偷窃珠宝。
④The company is in the charge of Tom when the boss is away.＝Tom is in charge of the company when the boss is away.
当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。
advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告
(教材P13)Now you are asked to make a poster to advertise a sporting event.
现在要求你制作一张海报来为一项体育运动做广告。
(1)advertise for sb./sth. 为征求……而登广告
advertise for sb.to do sth. 登广告招聘/雇用某人做某事
(2)advertisement (缩写ad) n．广告
put/place an advertisement in a newspaper
在报纸上发布广告
(3)advertising n. 广告宣传
advertiser n. 广告商
①If you are in search of your missing pet，you'd better put an advertisement(advertise) in the newspaper.
如果你在寻找丢失的宠物，你最好在报纸上登个广告。
②The nursing home is advertising for a volunteer to help (help) look after the patients.这家疗养院正在登广告招聘一名志愿者帮助照顾病人。
[语境助记]
An advertiser who wants to put an advertisement on the Internet said his advertising has advantage over others.
一位想在网上登广告的广告商说他的广告宣传比别人有优势。
bargain n．便宜货；协议；交易
vi.讨价还价；讲条件
(教材P14)Her father said that she must marry，so Atalanta made a bargain with him.
她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是阿塔兰忒就和她的父亲达成了一个协议。
(1)bargain with sb.over/about sth.
就某事与某人讨价还价
(2)make a bargain with sb. 与某人达成协议
a good/bad bargain 买得(不)合算
It's/That's a bargain. 真划算。/我同意了。/成交了。
①The lady is bargaining with the taxi driver about/over the price.
这位女士正与出租车司机讲价。
②We have made a bargain with each other that he will do shopping and I will cook.
我们已经讲好了，他买东西，我做饭。
③This jacket is a good bargain at such a low price.
这件夹克售价这么低，真便宜。
[语境助记]
My mother is good at bargaining with sellers about prices and has an eye for a real bargain.
我母亲擅长和销售员讲价，并且容易找到真正的便宜货。
pick up 拾起；捡起；(偶然、意外地)获得；学会；(用车)接；搭载；(精神、健康等的)好转；改善；接收(信号等)
(教材P14)When she stops to pick it up，you will be able to run past her and win.
当她停下来捡苹果时，你就可以超过她从而获胜。
写出下列句中pick up的含义
①He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital.
康复
②He picked up his hat and went away.
捡起
③With my new radio I can pick up stations all over Europe.
接收
④She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.
(偶然、意外地)学会
⑤They said they'd pick us up at 8：00 but they never came！
(用车)接
deserve vi.& vt.值得；应受
(教材P15)Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race?
你认为希波墨涅斯应该(算)赢吗？
(1)deserve consideration/attention/study
值得考虑/注意/研究
deserve to do... 应该/应受……
deserve to be done＝deserve doing＝deserve＋相应
名词 应该/值得……
(2)deserved adj. 应得的，该受的，理所当然的
deserving adj. 有功的，值得的
①As far as I'm concerned，the article deserves careful study.依我看，这篇文章值得仔细研究。
②He has worked very hard and deserves to pass (pass) the exam.
他学习很努力，应该能通过考试。
③Since he had broken the rule，he deserved punishing/to be punished/punishment (punish)．
因为他违背了规定，他应受惩罚。
[名师点津]
deserve后接动名词时，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接动词不定式的被动形式。有此类用法的词还有表示“需要”的need，want，require等。
(教材P14)She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.
她非常生气，就对她父亲说，她不会嫁给任何一个跑不过她的男人。
【要点提炼】 so...that...“如此……以至于……”。
其常见句型结构有：
(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that...
(2)so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that.../such a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that...
(3)so few/many＋名词复数＋that...
(4)so little(少)/much＋不可数名词＋that...
①The film is so wonderful that I want to see it again.
这部电影非常精彩，我还想再看一遍。
②Kate is so stubborn a girl that we all hate her.
＝Kate is such a stubborn girl that we all hate her.
凯特是一个这么固执的女孩，以至于我们都讨厌她。
③He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam once again.
他出了那么多错，考试又没及格。
(教材P16)This is important because the more you speak English，the better your English will become.
这是很重要的，因为你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。
【要点提炼】 句中含有“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”结构，该结构意为“(……)越……，(……)越……”。表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。
(1)“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”表示一方随另一方变化。前一个“the＋比较级”是条件状语从句，后一个是主句。主句用一般将来时，前面的从句用一般现在时表示将来。
(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示人/事物本身在程度上的改变。
①The higher you stand，the farther you will see.
你站得越高，就看得越远。
②The more you practise，the better (well) you can understand.
你练习得越多，理解得就越透。
③The weather is getting warmer (warm) and warmer.
天气越来越暖和了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He advertised for an assistant in the local newspaper.
2．He bargained with the salesman for the typewriter.
3．We all think your team deserves to win (win)．
4．He picked himself up and walked on with weakness.
5．I tried to convince him to stay，but it was hopeless(hope)．
6．At the good news，Peter became so excited that he couldn't wait to tell his parents about it.
7．He has taken great pains(pain) to improve his image.
8．The harder(hard) you study，the more progress you will make.
9．You ought to be ashamed of your foolish(fool) behaviour.
10．The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway.
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was Christmas Day．Pappy was working alone fixing an old lantern in the backroom when he heard the ringing of his bell on the shop door.The bell，which produced a uniquely pleasant sound，had been in Pappy's family for over a hundred years.He valued it dearly and enjoyed sharing its song with all who came to his shop.Although the bell hung on the inside of the main door，Pappy had tied a wire to the screen door so that it would ring whether the inner door was open or not.Hearing the bell，he left the backroom to greet his customer.
“And how can I help you，little lady？”Pappy's voice was joyful.
“Hello，Sir，”the little girl spoke almost in a whisper.She looked at Pappy with her big brown eyes，and then slowly scanned the room in search of something special．Shyly she told him，“I'd like to buy a present，Sir.”
“Well，let's see，”Pappy said，“who is this present for？”
“My grandpa．It's for my grandpa.But I don't know what to get.”
Pappy began to make suggestions.“How about a pocket watch？It's in good condition.”The little girl didn't answer.She had walked to the doorway and put her small hand on the door.She shook the door gently to ring the bell.Pappy's face seemed to glow as he saw her smiling with excitement.
“This is just right，”the little girl said.“Momma says grandpa loves music.”
Just then，Pappy's expression changed.Fearful of breaking the little girl's heart，he told her，“I'm sorry，Missy.That's not for sale.Maybe your grandpa would like this little radio.”
The girl looked at the radio，bowed her head，and sadly sighed，“No，I don't think so.”
In an effort to help her understand，Pappy told her that the bell had been his only companion，for the rest of his family were all gone now，except for his estranged(疏远的) daughter whom he had not seen for nearly a decade.
注意：1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
With a giant tear in her eyes，the little girl looked up at him.
Paragraph 2：
Later that evening when Pappy was closing up the shop，he heard a familiar ringing.
【参考范文】
With a giant tear in her eye，the little girl looked up at him.She managed a forced smile, murmuring，“Thank you，anyway”and turned toward the doorway.Suddenly Pappy thought of his estranged daughter．Feeling a lump in his throat，Pappy called out，“How much have you got to spend，Missy？”At this，the little girl emptied her purse onto the counter—two dollars.After a quick struggle in his mind，Pappy said，“Today is Christmas Day and this is your lucky day.The bell costs exactly two dollars.”Holding the special bell close to her chest，the child danced out.
Later that evening when Pappy was closing up the shop，he heard a familiar ringing.He couldn't believe his ears！There in the doorway stood the little girl，ringing the bell and smiling sweetly.Puzzled，Pappy approached her.“Have you changed your mind，little lady？”“No，”the child grinned，“Momma says the present is for you.”Before Pappy had time to say another word，the child's mother stepped in.Holding back her tears，she gently said，“Hello，Dad.”
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Section Ⅴ Writing——如何描写最喜欢的运动
描写自己或他人最喜欢的运动属于兴趣爱好类文章，它实质上属于说明文，但在说明的过程中可以穿插记叙和议论。
一、基本结构
1．开头——对某项运动的总体认识。
2．主体——描述该项运动的运动规则，中间可适当加些议论。
3．结尾——该项运动的好处。
二、注意事项
1．结构：在结构上，宜采用三段式，即总→分→总的结构。先说明自己最喜欢的运动，然后说明最喜欢的理由，即该项运动带来的好处，最后作一个简单的总结。
2．主题：首先确定主题，然后围绕主题展开说明。
3．时态：通常用一般现在时，具体情况具体分析，采用恰当的时态。
4．人称：按照要求确定好写作时的人称，一般情况下常用第一人称或第三人称。
5．语言：运用生动形象、简洁明了的语言。
★开头部分
1．Of all the sports，I like...best.
2．...is my favourite sport.
3．People all over the world like...
4．If you ask me which sport I like best...
5．Do you like sports?
6．Which sport do you like best?
7．Do you want to know which sport I like best?
8．How much do you know about...?
★陈述与主题相关的原因
1．I like...because...
2．The reason why I like...is that...
3．My favourite player is...I like him/her because...
★陈述与主题相关的时间
1．When I was...years old...
2．At the age of...I showed great interest in...
3．I became interested in...when I was...
4．I first learned to...at the age of...
★陈述支持主题的相关内容
1．I often practice it...
2．Whenever I have time...
★结尾部分
1．I become more and more...by playing...
2．I hope in the future I can...
3．I really want to be...when I grow up.
请根据下表信息，写一篇100词左右的英语短文介绍你最喜欢的运动。
最喜欢的运动 篮球
开始产生兴趣 九岁，父亲教我打篮球
现在练习情况 校篮球队成员；放学后或周末打一小时
喜欢的原因 快乐；健康；交友
最喜欢的篮球明星 姚明；乔丹
参考词汇：Jordan乔丹
体裁 爱好类说明文 时态 以一般现在时为主
主题 最喜欢的运动 人称 以第一人称为主
结构 第一段：说明自己最喜欢的运动 第二段：说明喜欢篮球的过程及理由第三段：说明最喜欢的篮球明星
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．magical adj. 有魔力的；让人着魔的
2．nowadays adv. 现今；现在
3．athlete n. 运动员；运动选手
4．physical adj. 身体的
5．as well 也；又；还
6．compete with 和……比赛/竞争
7．take part in 参加；参与
8．on a regular basis 定期地；经常
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．我九岁开始对这一神奇的运动产生兴趣。
I first became interested in this magical sport at the age of nine.
2．那时父亲开始定期教我打篮球。
Then my father began to teach me how to play basketball on a regular basis．
3．现在我是校篮球队成员。
Nowadays I am a member of our school basketball team.
4．我经常放学后或周末打一小时篮球。
I often play basketball for about an hour after school or on weekends．
5．有时我们也参加篮球比赛，与来自其他学校的运动员比赛。
Sometimes we also take part in basketball games and compete with athletes from other schools.
6．我如此喜欢篮球，因为它不仅带给我快乐、身体健康，还有友谊。
I like basketball so much because it can not only bring me lots of happiness and physical health but also friendship.
7．我最喜欢的篮球明星是姚明。
My favourite basketball star is Yao Ming.
8．我最喜欢乔丹。
I like Jordan best．
(二)句式升级
9．用定语从句合并句子1、2
I first became interested in this magical sport at the age of nine，when my father began to teach me how to play basketball on a regular basis.
10．用and连接句子3、4
Nowadays I am a member of our school basketball team and I often play basketball for about an hour after school or on weekends.
11．用the reason why...is that...改写句子6
The reason why I like basketball so much is that it can not only bring me lots of happiness and physical health but also friendship.
12．用and，as well合并句子7、8
My favourite basketball star is Yao Ming and I like Jordan best as well.
【参考范文】
I like many kinds of sports，of which basketball is my favorite.
I first became interested in this magical sport at the age of nine，when my father began to teach me how to play it on a regular basis.I have been practicing hard.Nowadays I am a member of our school basketball team and I often play basketball for about an hour after school or on weekends.Sometimes we also take part in basketball games and compete with athletes from other schools.The reason why I like basketball so much is that it can not only bring me lots of happiness and physical health but also friendship.
My favourite basketball star is Yao Ming and I like Jordan best as well.
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Unit 2 The Olympic Games
【导读】 世界文坛大师欧·亨利的小说素有意想不到的故事结尾，认真阅读下面选取的欧·亨利的名作《二十年以后》，看看小说中的这对情同手足的好朋友20年后的同一日期、同一时间相会时发生了什么故事吧！
After Twenty Years
O．Henry
The policeman moved up the avenue impressively.The impressiveness was habitual and not for show，for spectators① were few.The time was barely 10 o'clock at night，but chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well nigh depeopled② the streets.
Trying doors as he went，twirling his club with many intricate and artful movements，turning now and then to cast his watchful eye adown the pacific thoroughfare③，the officer，with his stalwart form and slight swagger，made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace.The vicinity was one that kept early hours.Now and then you might see the lights of a cigar store or of an all?night lunch counter；but the majority of the doors belonged to business places that had long since been closed.
When about midway of a certain block the policeman suddenly slowed his walk.In the doorway of a darkened hardware store a man leaned，with an unlighted cigar in his mouth.As the policeman walked up to him the man spoke up quickly.
“It's all right，officer，” he said，reassuringly④.“I'm just waiting for a friend.It's an appointment made twenty years ago.Sounds a little funny to you，doesn't it? Well，I'll explain if you'd like to make certain it's all straight.About that long ago there used to be a restaurant where this store stands—‘Big Joe’ Brady's restaurant.”
“Until five years ago，” said the policeman.“It was torn down then.”
The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar.The light showed a pale，square?jawed face with keen eyes，and a little white scar near his right eyebrow.His scarf pin was a large diamond，oddly set.
“Twenty years ago tonight，” said the man，“I dined here at ‘Big Joe’ Brady's with Jimmy Wells，my best chum，and the finest chap in the world.He and I were raised here in New York，just like two brothers，together.I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty.The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.You couldn't have dragged Jimmy out of New York；he thought it was the only place on earth.Well，we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time，no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made，whatever they were going to be.”
“It sounds pretty interesting，” said the policeman.“Rather a long time between meets，though，it seems to me.Haven't you heard from your friend since you left？”
“Well，yes，for a time we corresponded⑤，” said the other.“But after a year or two we lost track of each other.You see，the West is a pretty big proposition，and I kept hustling around over it pretty lively.But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive，for he always was the truest old chap in the world.He'll never forget.I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight，and it's worth it if my old partner turns up.”
The waiting man pulled out a handsome watch，the lids of it set with small diamonds.“Three minutes to ten，” he announced.“It was exactly ten o'clock when we parted here at the restaurant door.”
“Did pretty well out West，didn't you？” asked the policeman.
“You bet！I hope Jimmy has done half as well.He was a kind of plodder，though，good fellow as he was.I've had to compete with some of the sharpest wits going to get my pile.A man gets in a groove in New York.It takes the West to put a razor?edge on him.”
The policeman twirled his club and took a step or two.
“I'll be on my way.Hope your friend comes around all right.Going to call time on him sharp？”
“I should say not！” said the other.“I'll give him half an hour at least.If Jimmy is alive on earth he'll be here by that time.So long，officer.”
“Good night，sir，” said the policeman，passing on along his beat，trying doors as he went.
There was now a fine，cold drizzle falling，and the wind had risen from its uncertain puffs into a steady blow.The few foot passengers astir in that quarter hurried dismally⑥ and silently along with coat collars turned high and pocketed hands.And in the door of the hardware store the man who had come a thousand miles to fill an appointment，uncertain almost to absurdity，with the friend of his youth，smoked his cigar and waited.
About twenty minutes he waited，and then a tall man in a long overcoat，with collar turned up to his ears，hurried across from the opposite side of the street.He went directly to the waiting man.
“Is that you，Bob？” he asked，doubtfully.
“Is that you，Jimmy Wells？”cried the man in the door.
“Bless my heart！” exclaimed the new arrival，grasping both the other's hands with his own.“It's Bob，sure as fate.I was certain I'd find you here if you were still in existence.Well，well，well！—twenty years is a long time.The old gone，Bob；I wish it had lasted，so we could have had another dinner there.How has the West treated you，old man？”
二十年以后
欧·亨利
一名警察上了大街仔细搜索着，这种“仔细”已经习以为常了，不单纯是在表演，也不是有意做给为数不多的行人看的。时间已经快到夜里十点钟了，带着雨意的寒风一阵阵吹过几乎无人的大街。
他走到哪里，就检查一下那里的门户，手里的指挥棒旋出复杂的艺术的动作，然后转身将机警的视线投向平静的大道。警官以他坚定的姿态和轻快的步伐构成了一幅极美的和平守护者的风景画。附近地区有早睡早起的习惯。不时地你会看到雪茄店或者彻夜营业的饭馆柜台的灯光，但大多数门面是商店，早就关门了。
大约半夜的时候，某街区的一名警察突然放慢了脚步，在一家五金店黑暗的门前，斜靠着一名男子，嘴里叼着一只已经熄灭了的雪茄。当警察走到他跟前时，他立刻说道：
“是这样的，警官，”男子放心的说，“我正在这儿等个朋友，这是我们在二十年前许下的一个约会。你不认为这似乎有点儿可笑吗？也好，我可以把真相全都告诉你，如果你感兴趣的话。很久以前，这家五金店所在的地方曾经是一家餐馆，叫‘大乔·布拉德’餐馆。”
“五年以前就拆掉了。”警察说。
男子擦了根火柴点着了雪茄，火光照亮了他苍白的方形脸庞，右眼眉毛附近有一块白色的伤疤。他的领带别针上镶着一枚大钻石，款式很别致。
“二十年前的今天夜里，”男子说道，“我和我最好的朋友、世界上最好的人吉米·威尔士在大乔·布拉德餐馆吃晚饭。我们俩都是在纽约长大的，像亲兄弟一样。我18岁，吉米20岁。第二天早晨我就要到西部去碰运气去了，但你不能把吉米也拽出纽约的，他认为纽约是世界上唯一的好地方。于是那天晚上我们就商定，二十年后的此时此刻再次在此相会，不管那时我们各自会有什么情况，也不管谁在什么地方，都得前来赴约。那时我们想，二十年内我们每人应当会有自己命中注定的工作和创造出来的财富，不管最终的结果会是怎样。”
“这的确很有趣，”警察说，“在我看来，这毕竟是一次太遥远的约会了；自从你们分别后，你听到过你朋友的一点儿消息吗？”
“噢，是的。我们曾一度通过信，但一两年以后彼此就失去了联系。你知道，西部是个很广阔的概念，我经常到处奔波。但是我知道，只要吉米还活着，他就一定会来这儿与我会面的，因为他是这个世界上最忠实最可靠的朋友，他永远也不会忘记的。我走了一千英里，今夜来到这里，如果我的老伙伴能来，这也就值得了。”
说着他从口袋里掏出一只精美的手表，表盖上镶着一枚枚小钻石。“差三分十点钟。”他说，“当年我们在饭馆门前分手时也正好是十点整。”
“你在西部混得不错吧？”警察问道。
“你猜对了，我希望吉米能赶上我的一半就好了，他是很沉稳的那种人，当然他是个好人，而我则必须同那些头脑很敏锐的人去竞争、去积累自己的财富。一个男人放到纽约这地方就会墨守成规，而一旦到了西部，那就是把他放到锋口刃尖上了。”
警察转动警棍，来回走了一两步。
“我要例行公务，”警察说，“但愿你的朋友能如约到来。如果他不能准时到来，你还等他吗？”
“不了，”男子说，“但是我至少还要再等半小时。如果吉米还活在这个星球上，他一定会准时来的。再见，警官。”
“晚安，先生。”警察说完，沿着空荡荡的大街走去，每走到一个地方，就检查检查门户。
这时天下起了蒙蒙细雨，凉凉的。起风了，阵阵寒风从不确定的方向吹来。少数几个步行者在这个街区匆匆地又很静默地走着，外衣领子竖了起来，双手插在衣兜里。而在五金店门前，那个跋涉千里而来的那个男子心里怀着与他青年时代的朋友的一个几乎是不可确定的几近荒唐的约定，一边吸着雪茄一边耐心的等着。
他等了大约二十分钟，一个高个子男人正急急忙忙穿过这条大街。他穿了一件黑色外衣，衣领翻上来盖到了耳朵处。他径直朝着那个等朋友的男子走来。
“是你吗，波伯？”新来者疑惑地问。
“你是吉米·威尔士吗？”等在门前的男子高声叫了起来。
“我的天哪！”新来者感叹，握住了对方的双手。“你真是波伯，真走运，我肯定在这儿能找到你，如果你还在的话。好，好，好——二十年，的确是个漫长的岁月，原来的饭馆已经拆除了。波伯，我真希望它还在这里以便我们再在这里吃一顿晚餐。你在西部的情况怎么样呢，老朋友？”
“Bully；it has given me everything I asked it for.You've changed lots，Jimmy.I never thought you were so tall by two or three inches.”
“Oh，I grew a bit after I was twenty.”
“Doing well in New York，Jimmy？”
“Moderately.I have a position in one of the city departments.Come on，Bob；we'll go around to a place I know of，and have a good long talk about old times.”
The two men started up the street，arm in arm.The man from the West，his egotism enlarged by success，was beginning to outline the history of his career.The other，submerged in his overcoat，listened with interest.
At the corner stood a drug store，brilliant with electric lights.When they came into this glare each of them turned simultaneously to gaze upon the other's face.
The man from the West stopped suddenly and released his arm.
“You're not Jimmy Wells，” he snapped.“Twenty years is a long time，but not long enough to change a man's nose from a Roman to a pug.”
“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one，” said the tall man.“You've been under arrest for ten minutes，‘Silky’ Bob.Chicago thinks you may have dropped over our way and wires us she wants to have a chat with you.Going quietly，are you? That's sensible.Now，before we go on to the station here's a note I was asked to hand you.You may read it here at the window.It's from Patrolman Wells.”
The man from the West unfolded the little piece of paper handed him.His hand was steady when he began to read，but it trembled a little by the time he had finished.The note was rather short.
“Bob：I was at the appointed place on time.When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago.Somehow I couldn't do it myself，so I went around and got a plain clothes man to do the job.JIMMY.”
“好极了，我想要的它都给了。你变了许多，吉米，我怎么也没想到你长这么高，比过去高了两三英寸。”
“是呀，我过了二十岁后还长了一些。”
“你在纽约过得怎么样，吉米？”
“马马虎虎吧，我在本市的一个机关里工作。走吧，波伯，我们到周围一处我知道的地方，好好叙叙往事吧。”
两个男人臂挽着臂上了大街，西部来的男子言必称我，被他的成功冲昏了头脑，开始滔滔不绝地描述他的经历；另一个则将头缩在外衣领里，有兴致地听着。
街拐角处有个杂货店，电灯灯火辉煌。当他们走到光照里的时候，都不约而同地回头凝视着对方的面孔。
从西部来的人突然停住，松开了手臂。
“你不是吉米·威尔士，”他厉声地说，“二十年固然是个漫长的时间，但它也不至于把一个人的罗马鼻变成狮子鼻吧。”
“有时，时间还会把一个好人变成坏人呢！”高个子男人说，“再过十分钟，你就会被捕的，希尔基·波伯，芝加哥警方预料你会到这里来，特意写信让我们转告你，他们要和你聊聊。你要冷静，这是明智的选择。在我们去警察局之前，给你个纸条，你可以在这儿借着窗户的光线看看，这是巡警威尔士写的。”
西部来的男子打开递给他的纸条儿。他开始读的时候，他的手还是平稳的，但当他读完之后，他的手可就有点儿哆嗦了，纸条儿很短。
“波伯，我是准时到达约会地点的，当你刚才擦火柴点烟的时候，我看见你正是芝加哥警察局正在通缉的犯人，我不忍心亲自逮捕你，只好去找个便衣警察来做这件事。——吉米”
[知识积累]
1．spectator n． 旁观者
2．depeople v. (使)人口减少
3．thoroughfare n. 大街
4．reassuringly adv. 安慰地；鼓励地
5．correspond v. (通信)联系
6．dismally adv. 阴暗地；沉闷地
[文化链接]
《二十年以后》之作者解读
欧·亨利是美国最著名的短篇小说家之一，曾被评论界誉为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。他善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意料；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。
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