Unit 3 Computers
几乎所有的青少年都对上网冲浪感兴趣。但是你对网络了解多少呢？本文帮助你去了解它。
The Internet is becoming important in our life.Here is something about it.
What is the Internet?
The Internet is a large，worldwide collection of computer networks.A network is a small group of computers put together.The Internet is many different networks from all over the world.Once you have learned to use the Internet，you can do a lot of interesting things on the World Wide Web.
What is the World Wide Web?
The World Wide Web has been the most popular development of the Internet.The Web is like a big electronic book with millions of pages.These pages are called homepages. You can find information about almost anything in the world on these pages.For example，you can use the Internet instead of a library to find information for your homework.You can also find information about your favorite sport or film star，talk to your friends or even do some shopping on the pages.Most pages have words，pictures and even sound or music.
What is e-mail?
Electronic mail is a way of sending messages to other people.It's much quicker and cheaper than sending a letter.If you want to use e-mail，you must have an e-mail address.This address must have letters and dots and an “@” (meaning “at”)．This is what an address looks like：Emily @ star.net.Write a message，type in the person's e-mail address，and then send the message across the Internet.People don't need to use stamps，envelopes or go to the post office since the invention of the Internet.Quick，easy and interesting—that's the Internet!
[阅读障碍词]
1．collection n． 收集物；收藏品
2．homepage n. 主页
3．dot n. 点
4．address n. 地址
5．invention n. 发明
[诱思导读]
1．What does the word “e” in “e-mail” stand for?
2．Do you like shopping on the Internet？Why?
3．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Internet
B．The E-mail
C．The World Wide Web
D．The Computer
[答案] 1.It stands for “electronic”．
2．略 3.A
Section Ⅰ Warming Up，Pre?reading & Reading
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.calculate A．adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
( )2.universal B．vt.计算
( )3.simplify C．n.革命
( )4.technology D．n.工艺；科技；技术
( )5.revolution E．vt.简化
( )6.artificial F．adj.人造的；假的
( )7.intelligence G．vt.解决；解答
( )8.solve H．n.真实；事实；现实
( )9.reality I．n.智力；聪明；智能
( )10.explore J．vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究
[答案] 1－5 BAEDC 6－10 FIGHJ
Ⅱ.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思
A．计算出 B．从……时起 C．有……共同点；
共享…… D．结果 E．与……分享…… F．逝去
( )1.Jane and I have nothing in common.That is to say，we are completely different.
( )2.The area can easily be worked out if you know the length and the breadth(宽度)．
( )3.The two countries have been at war for several years.As a result，people there have suffered a lot.
( )4.This went on for several years.Months would go by without them seeing each another.
( )5.From then on，he made up his mind to work hard.
( )6.I'll share my apple with you if you give me half of your cake.
[答案] 1－6 CADFBE
WHO AM I?
Over time I have been changed quite a lot.I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums(算术题)．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage①.After I was programmed by an operator(操作员) who used cards with holes，I could “think” logically(合逻辑地) and produce an answer quicker than any person.At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my “artificial intelligence”．In 1936 my real father，Alan Turing，wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem②.From then on，I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room，and I wondered if I would grow any larger.However，this reality also worried my designers.As time went by③，I was made smaller.First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop，I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.
我是谁？
经过一段时间我已经被改变了很多。1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。尽管当时我还年轻，但是我能简化一些复杂的算数题。我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。在操作员用穿孔卡为我设计程序后，我能够进行逻辑“思考”，并且能够比任何人更快地算出答案。那时这被当作是一次技术革命，也是我“人工智能”的开始。在1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。从那时起，我在体积和智能方面迅速成长。到二十世纪四十年代，我已经长得像一间屋子那么大，我不知道是否还会长得更大。但是，这个现实也使得我的设计者很担心。随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。 自二十世纪七十年代以来，我一直被用在办公室和家庭里，先是用作个人电脑，后来又做成手提电脑。
[助读讲解] ①此句使用了固定句式：It takes＋时间段＋before...“过了多久才……”②how引导宾语从句；to solve...为不定式短语作目的状语。③as引导时间状语从句。
These changes only became possible as my memory improved.First it was stored in tubes，then on transistors(晶体管) and later on very small chips(芯片)．As a result I totally changed my shape.As I have grown older I have also grown smaller.Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told！④ And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it! But I was always so lonely standing there by myself，until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network(网络)⑤.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web(网)．
这些变化只有随着我的存储能力的不断提高才成为可能。最初是被存储到电子管上，以后是晶体管上，后来是非常小的芯片上。因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。随着我年龄越来越大，我也变得越来越小。随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！我的存储容量变得如此巨大，连我自己都不能相信！但是我总是孤孤单单地站在那里，直到二十世纪六十年代初，人们才给了我一个用网络联成的家庭。我能够通过万维网和其他人分享我的知识。
[助读讲解] ④so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，like an elephant 作方式状语；I have been told 为anything 的定语从句。⑤standing there...为现在分词短语作伴随状语；until引导时间状语从句；connected by...为过去分词短语作定语。
Since the 1970s many new applications(用途) have been found for me.I have become very important in communication，finance and trade.I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as⑥ help with medical operations.I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.Anyhow，my goal(目标) is to provide humans with a life of high quality⑦.I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend⑧ and helper of the human race！
从二十世纪七十年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。我在通讯、金融和商业领域变得非常重要。我还被放在机器人里面，被用来制作移动手机，并且用来帮助医疗手术。我还被放置在太空火箭里去探测月球和火星。不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。现在我充满了幸福感，因为我是人类忠实的朋友并时时给他们提供帮助。
[助读讲解] ⑥as well as 也，又。⑦不定式短语在句中作表语。⑧a devoted friend 一个忠实的朋友。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
Ⅰ.速读P18教材课文，选择最佳答案
What's the main idea of this passage?
A．The development of computers.
B．The development and use of computers.
C．A machine which is simple-minded.
D．Computers may replace human beings.
[答案] B
Ⅱ.速读P18教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1 A．These changes only became possible
as my memory improved.
2．Para.2 B．Since the 1970s many new
applications have been found for me.
3．Para.3 C．Over time I have been changed quite
a lot.
[答案] 1－3 CAB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P18教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．When did the computer come into being?
A．1640. B．1642.
C．1822. D．1936.
2．Who really invented the computer?
A．Charles Babbage. B．Bill Gates.
C．Alan Turing. D．Thomas Edison.
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Charles Babbage built an analytical machine in 1642.
B．Alan Turing wrote a book about how the computer could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem in 1936.
C．The computers were first connected by a network in the late 1960s.
D．Since the 1960s the computer has been used to help with medical operations.
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．The computer can take the place of humans.
B．The smaller a computer is，the faster it calculates.
C．Computers can solve all the problems of human beings.
D．People can benefit more from computers in the future.
[答案] 1－4 BCBD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P18教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The computer is widely used in our daily life.The computer is a machine that 1.was designed (design) to help people do many things.When it first came into 2.being (be)，it was just a calculating machine，and later it was built as an analytical machine that could be “think” logically and produce an answer 3.faster (fast) than any other person.Still later，the computer could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.There were times when its size was 4.totally (total) changed.It became smaller and smaller but it got cleverer and cleverer.In the early 1960s computers were connected by network and brought into common people's homes 5.to deal (deal) with information and help communication 6.between people around the world.It could share 7.information (inform) with others and they could talk to each other.The Internet has become 8.an important part in our life and we can do many things with the help of the Internet.The computer is used to connect people 9.who/that aren't close enough to speak to each other.It has been serving the human race since 10.its (it) birth.
1
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Chinese scientists have not given up the dream to explore (探索) deep space.
2．A lot of problems remain to be solved (解决)．
3．They have accepted my application (申请) to join the club.
4．Anyhow (无论如何)，I must finish this job today.
5．We should calculate (估算) the normal value of the building.
6．His goal is to get a good job to support his family.
7．They must have an intelligence test before taking the job.
8．Computer programming needs someone with a logical mind.
9．The moment I went into the exam classroom，I totally forgot all the knowledge I had learned.
10．Emergency line operators must always stay calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的
2．operate vt.操作；动手术→operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员
3．technology n．工艺；科技；技术→technological adj.科技的
4．intelligence n．智力；智能→intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的
5．real adj.真的→really adv.真正地；实际上→reality n．真实；事实；现实
6．calculate vt.计算→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算
v.＋?or→n. adj.＋?ity→n.
Visitor 访问者，参观者 actor 演员 translator 翻译者 Activity 活动 ability 能力；才能 equality 平等
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．work out 想出；计算出
2．compare...with... 把……与……比较
3．as a result 结果
4．have...in common 有共同点；共享……
5．go by 经过；逝去
6．share sth.with sb. 与某人分享某物
7．from...on 从……时起
8．provide sb.with sth. 向某人提供某物
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．You can't let an opportunity like that go by．
2．He made a big mistake，and，as a result，he lost his job.
3．Scientists sometimes compare the human brain with a computer.
4．To my surprise，I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.
5．She went through great pains to see that all her guests were provided with whatever she needed.
v.＋out→动词短语 v.＋...＋with...→动词短语
check out 检查，查看 come out 出来，出版 find out 查明，发现 take...with sb.把……带在某人身边 help sb.with...在……帮助某人 cover...with...用……遮盖住……
1．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
[记句式结构]It＋ be/takes＋一段时间＋before...表示“多久……之后才……”
[仿写促落实]It was/took about half an hour before he came to life.大约半个小时之后他才苏醒过来。
2．As time went by，I was made smaller.
随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。
[记句式结构]as表示“随着”，引导时间状语从句
[仿写促落实]As time goes by，mobile phones are made smarter and smarter.
随着时间的流逝，手机被做得越来越智能。
3．Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!
随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！
[记句式结构]so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句
[仿写促落实]He draws so beautifully that his drawings are all liked by others.
他画得很漂亮，别人都喜欢他的画。
calculate vt.计算；估算；计划
(教材P18)I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.
1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。
(1)calculate on sb./sth.(doing sth.)
期待某人/某物(做某事)
It has been calculated that... 据估算……
(2)calculated adj. 精心策划的；蓄意的
be calculated to do sth. 打算或计划做某事
(3)calculation n. 计算
①It has been calculated by scientists that sea water alone can supply the human world with enough power for more than a hundred million years.
据科学家们计算，光海水提供给人类的能量就足够用一亿年以上。
②The advertisements are calculated to attract (attract) young consumers.
这些广告旨在吸引年轻的消费者。
③We are calculating on an early start.
我们期待着可以提前开始。
solve vt.解决；解答
(教材P18)In 1936 my real father，Alan Turing，wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.
在1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。
(1)solve a problem 解决问题
(2)solution n. 解决办法；处理手段
a solution to sth. 某事的解决办法
①With the help of the teacher，Tom solved the maths problem at last.
在老师的帮助下，汤姆终于解答出了那道数学题。
②There's no easy solution (solve) to this problem.
解决这个问题没有容易的方法。
③There are still many problems to be solved (solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题亟待解决。
[名师点津]
比较solve与settle
(1)solve侧重给出答案，常接problem，difficulty，puzzle等。
(2)settle的对象通常是某种争端或事情，常接affair，matter，business，argument等。
from...on从……时起
(教材P18)From then on，I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.
从那时起，我在体积和智能方面迅速成长。
from then on 从那时起
from now on 从现在起
from that day on 从那天起
①From now on，we should pay more attention to protecting the environment.
从现在起，我们应该更加注意保护环境。
②His wife died in 2008 and from then on he lived alone (＝since then he has lived alone)．他的妻子在2008年去世了，从那时起他一直一个人生活。
③From that day on，the ending of the missing Amber Room remains a mystery.
从那天起，丢失的琥珀屋的结局仍是一个谜。
reality n．现实；实际情况；事实
(教材P18)However，this reality also worried my designers.但是，这个现实也使得我的设计者很担心。
(1)in reality 事实上；实际上
turn...into reality 把……变成现实
become a reality 成为现实
(2)real adj. 真实的
really adv. 真实地；实际上地
realize vt. 实现
①We thought he was serious but in reality he was joking.
我们以为他是认真的，但实际上他是在开玩笑。
②Scientists are working hard to turn these strange ideas into realities.
科学家们正在努力地把这些奇怪的想法变成现实。
③He was sure that all his plans would be realized(realize)．
他相信他的所有计划都会实现。
as a result 结果；因此
(教材P18)As a result I totally changed my shape.
因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。
(1)result n． 结果
as a result of 由于；因为
(2)result vi. 发生；产生
result from 是由……造成的
result in/lead to 导致；造成
①We helped each other in studies and as a result we became good friends.
我们在学业上互相帮助，结果我们成了好朋友。
②He stayed up too late last night；as a result，he didn't get up on time today.
＝He didn't get up on time today as a result of staying up too late last night.
他今天没有按时起床，原因是昨晚熬夜了。
③Let's hope that peace will result from our talks.
让我们期望，我们的会谈会带来和平。
④His carelessness resulted in his failure.
他的粗心导致了他的失败。
[图形助记]
巧述“因果”
[名师点津]
as a result是副词短语，单独使用，作状语，可用逗号隔开；as a result of是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词以及what引导的宾语从句。
application n．应用；用途；申请
(教材P18)Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.
从二十世纪七十年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。
(1)make an application to sb.for sth.
向某人申请某物
have a wide application in... 在……中得到广泛应用
(2)apply v. 申请；应用
apply for 申请；请求
apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于
apply to 适用于；运用于
(3)applicant n. 申请者
①The technology has a wide application in IT industry.这项技术在信息工业上得到了广泛应用。
②He has applied to the company for a job.＝ He has made an application(apply) to the company for a job.
他已向那家公司申请一份工作。
③You will do it quite well only if you apply yourself(you) to it.只要专心致志，你就会做得很好。
[语境助记]
He applied to the hospital for a job as a nurse，and finally the hospital accepted his application.
他向医院提出应征护士的工作，最终医院接受了他的申请。
anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此；不论用何种方法
(教材P18)Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。
(1)anyhow 用于肯定句时，意思与anyway相近，意为“无论如何；不管怎样；反正”。用于否定句时，意为“无论如何(也不……)”。其位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或者句末。
(2)somehow adv.以某种方式；用某种方法；不知为什么。
(3)somewhat意为“从某种意义上来讲，有几分；稍微”，相当于in a way，rather。
①Anyhow/Anyway，we must finish the work today.
无论如何，今天我们必须完成这项工作。
②Their swimming pool is somewhat deeper than ours.
他们的游泳池比我们的游泳池稍微深一点儿。
③We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.
我们必须在明天早上以前把工作做完。
(教材P18)I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage．
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
【要点提炼】 句中before引导时间状语从句，意为“……之后，……才……”。另外before除了其基本意思“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“(……之后)才；没来得及；以免；免得”之意。
(1)“It was＋时间段＋before...”表示“过了多久才……”。从句常用一般过去时。
(2)“It was not long before...”意为“不久就……”。从句常用一般过去时。
(3)“It will not be long before...”表示“不久就会……”。从句常用一般现在时。
(4)“It will be＋时间段＋before...”表示“要过多久才……”。从句常用一般现在时。
①If you miss this chance，it will be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
②It won't be long before we get used to the new school life.
不久我们就会习惯新的学校生活。
③It was three days before he came back.
过了三天他才回来。
④It was a long time before she recovered from the operation.
很长一段时间后她才从手术中康复。
(教材P18)As time went by，I was made smaller.
随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。
【要点提炼】 句中as为连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。
as 引导从句常见的几种用法：
(1)作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
(2)作连词，引导原因状语从句，表示“既然，因为”。
(3)引导让步状语从句，常用于倒装结构，表示“虽然，尽管”。
(4)用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。
(5)引导限制性定语从句。这时，其先行词的前面通常有such，the same 修饰，构成the same...as，such...as结构。
①As you grow older，you will know better about yourself.随着年龄的增长，你会越来越了解自己。
②As spring comes (come)，everything comes to life.＝ With spring coming (come)，everything comes to life.随着春天的到来，万物复苏。
③When in Rome，do as the Romans do.
(谚语)入乡随俗。
④The school children sang songs as they walked.
小学生们边走边唱歌。
⑤Child as he is，he knows a lot about history.
他虽然是个孩子，但了解很多历史知识。
⑥As is known to all，China is a country with the largest population in the world.
众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
[名师点津]
as与with二者都有“随着”的意思。as是连词，引导时间状语从句；with是介词，后面接名词或代词，构成with短语或复合结构。
1．(教材P18)After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes，I could “think” logically and produce an answer quicker than any person.
【分析】 句中After引导的是时间状语从句；who used cards with holes 是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an operator。
【翻译】 在操作员用穿孔卡为我设计程序后，我能够进行逻辑“思考”，并且能够比任何人更快地算出答案。
2．(教材P18)In 1936 my real father，Alan Turing，wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.
【分析】 句中Alan Turing是主语my real father的同位语；how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem是how引导的宾语从句；其中不定式作目的状语。
【翻译】 在1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．By my calculation(calculate)，5% of the students will fail in the exam.
2．I think this problem is not difficult to solve(solve)．
3．We should face the reality(real)bravely that we don't have enough money for the project.
4．The technology applied(apply) to this field was highly thought of.
5．He has been teaching in this school from thenon．
6．Those are my personal (person) letters.You have no right to read them.
7．As a result of the heavy rain，the football match was put off.
8．These habits are universal (universe) among mankind.
9．I'm afraid I can't afford the time，but thank you for the invitation anyhow/anyway．
10．He spent much of his life exploring (explore) the wildness.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．她的腿软得几乎站不住了。
Her legs were so weak that she could hardly stand.(so...that...)
2．别指望他的弟弟按时到达。
Don't calculate on his younger brother coming on time.(calculate)
3．不久，学生们就要参加高考了。
It will not be long before the students take the college entrance examination.(before)
4．随着时间的流逝，这个国家的经济状况变得越来越好。
As time went by，the economic condition of the country was becoming better and better.(as)
5．亨利从自行车上掉了下来，摔断了腿。结果，他三个月没有来学校。
Henry fell from his bike and broke his leg.As a result，he had to be away from school for three months.
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Section Ⅲ Grammar——现在完成时的被动语态
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句 后自主感悟
1.Over time I have been changed quite a lot.2．I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.3．Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.5．The ink has not been removed from the clothes. 1.例句1，3中的谓语是由“have＋been＋done”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定形式，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。2．例句2，4中的谓语是由“have＋been＋done”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定形式，表示一个被动的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。3．例句5中的谓语是由“have＋not＋been＋done”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的否定形式。
一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成
have/has＋ been ＋过去分词
二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
The city has been swept through by heat wave recently.
最近热浪横扫了这座城市。
His work has not been finished.
他的工作尚未完成。
Have the new booking systems for tickets been used?
新的订票系统已在使用中了吗？
How long has the battery not been changed?
电池多久没有更换了？
[即时训练1] 根据要求变换句子
The children have already been told the good news.
①将上面的句子变为否定句。
The children haven't been told the good news.
②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。
Have the children been told the good news?
③对上面的句子中的the children进行提问。
Who has been told the good news?
三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果
通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，before...等连用。
The work has already been finished.
工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)
The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.
还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)
2．表示一个被动的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去
常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
3．用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.
你的任务一完成就可以回家。
[即时训练2] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①In the last few years，thousands of films have been produced (produce) all over the world.
②Though we don't know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic has been changed (change)．
四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点
1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was opened to the public last year.
去年这个公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)
The park has been opened to the public.
这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)
2．非延续性动词
如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
The work was finished two weeks ago.
这项工作在两周前已经完成。
The work has been finished.
这项工作已经完成。
3．短语动词
短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说已经调查了这个问题。
4．带有复合宾语的动词
变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.
→They have been told to help you.
5．带有双宾语的动词
如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．
[即时训练3] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The bridge near the village was built(build) last year.
②No books have been bought(buy) since last week.
③An e?mail has been sent(send) to me by now.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added (add) to the language since it was published.
2．More than 100 famous films have been shown (show) in the city since July.
3．When I reached the station，the tickets had been sold (sell) out.
4．This kind of camera has been sold(sell) out so far.
5．Our classroom has been cleaned (clean) so you needn't clean it now.
6．These flowers have been watered (water) so you can go home.
7．When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what has been marked (mark)．
8．The house was washed (wash) away by the storm yesterday.
9．The computer has been repaired (repair) for two days.
10．How many new words have been learned (learn) by the students up to now?
Ⅱ.用被动语态改写句子
1．The storm has caused millions of pounds' worth of damage.
→Millions of pounds' worth of damage has been caused by the storm.
2．They have asked him some difficult questions.
→Some difficult questions have been asked by them.
3．Tom has given me two tickets for the new play.Would you like to go with me?
→I have been given two tickets for the new play.Would you like to go with me?
4．They haven't watered the flowers for several days.
→The flowers haven't been watered for several days.
5．I have made him work hard.
→He has been made to work hard.
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Section Ⅳ Using Language
ANDY—THE ANDROID
I'm part of an android football team.About once a year we are allowed to get together to play a game of football①.I'm as big as a human.In fact，I look like one too.On the football team I'm a striker[(足球的)前锋] so I have to be able to run very fast.My computer chips help me to move and think like a human.For example，I have learned to signal(发信号) to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot② for a goal[(进球)得分]．
机器人安迪
我是机器人足球队的一个成员。每年大约有一次，我们可以获准在一起进行一次足球赛。我同真人一样大小。事实上我看上去也很像人。我在球队中是前锋，所以我需要跑得非常快。我的电脑芯片帮助我像真人一样运动和思考。例如，当我前面没人防守有机会射一个好球的时候，我已经学会了用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。
[助读讲解] ①to play...为不定式短语作目的状语。②shot n．投篮；射门；when引导时间状语从句。
My first football competition was in Nagoya，Japan several years ago.Last year our team went to Seattle，Washington in the USA.We won second place.Personally，I think the team that won first place cheated.They had developed a new type of program just before the competition.So we need to encourage our programmer to improve our intelligence too.We are determined to create an even better system.In a way our programmer is like our coach(教练)．She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games③.Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises(出现；发生)．In this way I can make up new moves using my “artificial intelligence”④.I would really like to play against a human team，for I have been programmed to act just like them.After all，with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything，using my intelligence is what I'm all about⑤！
我第一次踢足球比赛是几年前在日本的名古屋。去年，我们队去了美国华盛顿州的西雅图比赛，获得了第二名。我个人认为得冠军的那个队作弊了。他们恰在比赛前研制了一种新程序。因此我们也需要鼓励我们的程序编制员来提高我们的智能。我们决心创造一个更好的系统。从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能动作编入我们的程序，然后她把在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。这样我就可以用“人工智能”编制出新的动作。我真的特别喜欢和人类球队比赛，因为我经过程序编制，行动起来和他们一样。不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切！
[助读讲解] ③she has seen...games 为定语从句，修饰moves；while watching...是状语从句的省略。④此处为现在分词短语作方式状语。⑤using my intelligence...是动名词短语作主语；what引导表语从句。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P23教材课文，选择最佳答案
What's the main idea of this text?
A．The robots can play football as well as human beings.
B．Androids are designed for playing football.
C．The robot can play well by itself.
D．Nobody can play better than the robot made in Japan.
[答案] B
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P23教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What does the writer like playing?
A．Basketball. B．Football.
C．Volleyball. D．Tennis.
2．What can the writer be?
A．A robot player. B．A coach.
C．A girl player. D．A boy student.
3．Why can the writer move and think like a human?
A．His teacher helps him move and think like a human.
B．A striker helps him move and think like a human.
C．His friends help him move and think like a human.
D．His computer chips help him to move and think like a human.
4．What does the writer hope to do?
A．He hopes to travel like a human.
B．He hopes to play against a national team.
C．He hopes to play against a human team.
D．He hopes to play against a robot team.
[答案] 1－4 BADC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P23教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm part 1.of an android football team.On the football team I'm a striker so I have 2.to be(be) able to run very fast.My computer chips help me to move and think 3.like a human.My first football 4.competition(compete) was in Japan several years ago.In 5.a way our programmer is like our coach.She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while 6.watching(watch) human games.I would 7.really(real) like to play against a human team，for I have been programmed 8.to act(act) just like them.After all，with the help of my electronic brain which never 9.forgets(forget) anything，10.using(use) my intelligence is what I'm all about!
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．The railway signal (信号) showed that the train could pass.
2．The new buildings have changed the character (特点) of the village.
3．It seemed as if as soon as one problem was solved a new one arose (产生)．
4．Could you download some music from the Internet for me?
5．A new type of car，which is very popular，is on the market now.
6．We shouldn't judge a person only by his appearance．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．electronic adj.电子的→electricity n．电
2．appear v．出现→appearance n．外貌；外表
3．type n．类型vt.& vi.打字→typical adj.典型的→typically adv.典型地
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．work out 计算出
2．make good use of 充分利用
3．be crazy about 对……疯狂
4．come true 实现
5．in a way 在某种程度上
6．with the help of 在……帮助下
7．deal with 处理；安排；对付
8．watch over 看守；监视
9． after all 毕竟，终究
10．make up 编造；弥补
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．In a way it was one of our biggest mistakes.
2．Will you please watch over my child while I am out?
3．I made great progress in English with the help of Mr Lin.
4．There are many difficulties to deal with when starting a new business.
5．She didn't want to go to the party，so she made up an excuse.
1．By the time I was sixteen，my dream had come true.
当我十六岁时，我的梦想已经成真了。
[记句式结构]by the time意为“到……为止”，引导时间状语从句
[仿写促落实]By the time they get there，we will have finished the work.
他们到那里时，我们将已经把工作做完了。
2．She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.
她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。
[记句式结构]while doing...为时间状语从句的省略，省掉了主语和be动词
[仿写促落实]While crossing the road，you can't be too careful.
当过马路的时候，你越小心越好。
3．I would really like to play against a human team，for I have been programmed to act just like them.
我真的特别喜欢和人类球队比赛，因为我经过程序编制，行动起来和他们一样。
[记句式结构]for为并列连词，表原因，用于对前面所述情况作补充说明
[仿写促落实]It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet．
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
4．Whenever she comes，I have to look after her，and sometimes help her with her homework.
无论她什么时候来我都不得不照顾她，有时候帮助她做家庭作业。
[记句式结构]whenever意为“无论何时”，引导时间状语从句
[仿写促落实]He is always willing to help us whenever we meet with difficulties．
无论何时我们遇到困难，他总是乐意帮助我们。
signal n．信号；暗号
vi.& vt.发信号
(教材P23)For example，I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.
例如，当我前面没人防守有机会射一个好球的时候，我已经学会了用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。
(1)signal (to) sb.(to do sth.) 向某人发出(做某事的)信号；示意某
人(做某事)
signal sth.to sb. 向某人示意……
signal (to sb.) that... 示意(某人)……
(2)traffic signals 交通信号灯
①She signaled to the other girls that everything was all right.她对其他女孩发信号说一切正常。
②The policeman signaled (to) the driver to cross(cross) the road.
警察示意这位司机过马路。
③When you come across the crossing，you should pay attention to the traffic signals(signal)．
当过十字路口时，你应该注意交通信号灯。
[图形助记]
in a way在某种程度上；就某一方面(相当于in one way/in some way)
(教材P23)In a way our programmer is like our coach.
从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。
in this way 用这种方式/法
in the way 妨碍；挡路
in no way 决不；无论如何都不(放在句首时，
句子用部分倒装语序)
on one's/the way to... 在某人去……的途中；即将成为……
by the way 顺便说；附带说说
①Don't play football in the street and you are in the way.别在街道上踢足球，你阻碍交通了。
②In no way can theory be separated from practice.
理论决不能脱离实践。
③In a way，the computer plays a more and more important role in our life and work.
从某种程度上说，电脑在我们的生活和工作中发挥着越来越重要的作用。
④By the way，do you have any idea where the post office is？顺便问一下，你知道邮局在哪儿吗？
arise vi.出现；发生；产生；起床；起身
(教材P23)Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.
然后她把在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。
写出下列句中arise的含义
①Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately.
起身
②New problems will arise one after another in future.
出现
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.
起床
(1)arise from/out of由……而引起；由……而产生；从……中产生
arise from... 从……上站起来
(2)arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词argument/problem/quarrel/question/movement等
④As we all know，most car accidents arise out of carelessness.＝As we all know，most car accidents arise from carelessness.
众所周知，大部分交通事故是由粗心大意引起的。
[图形助记]
(抽象)arise(vi.出现) (具体)rise(vi.升起) raise(vt.举起)
after all 毕竟；别忘了；终究；终于
(教材P23)After all，with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything，using my intelligence is what I'm all about！不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切！
above all 尤其重要的是；最重要的是
all in all 总的说来
in all 总计
not at all 根本不
①It has turned out to be a nice day after all.
天气终于转晴了。
②Why shouldn't she eat the cake？After all，she made it.
为什么她不该吃蛋糕？毕竟是她自己做的。
[语境助记]
You shouldn't have blamed him at all.He is a little child after all.Above all，he made only two mistakes in all.
你根本不该责怪他，毕竟他还是个小孩子；更重要的是，他总共才出了两处错。
[名师点津]
after all 可置于句首或句末。置于句首时，导出原因或提醒人们一个事实时，译成“毕竟；别忘了”；置于句末时，含有与预料的情况相反的意思，译成“结果，终究”。
deal with处理；对付；安排；对待；
与……打交道；涉及
(教材P24)This means that it should clean the house，mop the floors，cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.
这意味着它应该打扫房子、拖地板、做饭和接听电话。
写出下列句中deal with的含义
①In the process，the children learn to deal with difficulties.
处理
②His article deals with many issues we are greatly concerned about.涉及
③The lady is hard to deal with.
对付
deal with中的deal为不及物动词，常与疑问词how连用，表示“怎么处理/对待”；同义短语为do with，其中的do为及物动词，表示“怎么处理/对待”时，与疑问词what连用。
④Deal with a man as he deals with you.
(谚)以其人之道，还治其人之身。
⑤I don't know how they will deal with the problem.＝ I don't know what they will do with the problem.
我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。
watch over看守；监视；守护；照看
(教材P24)It should also watch over my naughty niece，who comes to my house very often.
它也应该看护我那淘气的外甥女，她经常到我家来。
(1)watch out 注意；小心(提醒某人，用于祈使句)
watch out for 小心，提防；密切注意(带宾语)
watch for 观察；等待
(2)keep watch 值班；站岗；守夜
on watch 值班
①Watch out！This is a very busy road.
当心！这条马路交通很繁忙。
②Will you watch over my clothes while I have a swim?
我去游泳，你帮我照看一下衣服好吗？
③Suddenly the man on watch shouted，“Look out！Iceberg！Iceberg！Iceberg in front！”
突然，值班的人喊到：“注意！冰山！冰山！冰山就在前面！”
[名师点津]
“照顾”的多种表达：look after，take care of，care for。
(教材P20)By the time I was sixteen，my dream had come true.
当我十六岁时，我的梦想已经成真了。
【要点提炼】 by the time 相当于一个连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“到……为止”。
(1)by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时时，主句通常用将来完成时(强调主句谓语动作在从句谓语动作发生之前已经完成)
(2)by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时(强调主句谓语动作在从句谓语动作发生之前已经完成)
①By the time I graduate next year，I will have lived here for 5 years.
到明年毕业时，我就在这里待了五年了。
②By the time he was fourteen years old，Einstein had learned(learn) advanced mathematics all by himself.
到14岁的时候，爱因斯坦就已经自学完了高等数学。
③By the time you get back，I shall/will have finished(finish) the work.
到你回来时，我将已经把活做完了。
(教材P23)She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games．
她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。
【要点提炼】 句中while watching human games为状语从句的省略，此处相当于while she is watching human games。
状语从句的省略原则：
(1)在when，while，if，unless，though，once等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，为了使句子结构简洁，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
(2)若从句的主语和动词为it＋be的某种形式时，也可以将it be一起省略。
①Work hard when (you are) young，or you'll regret.
趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。
②If (it is) necessary，you should turn to your parents for help.
如果有必要，你应该向父母求助。
③Unless invited (invite)，he has decided not to take part in that activity.
他已决定不参加那项活动，除非被邀请。
④There are so many cars that you should be careful while crossing (cross) the street.
有那么多车辆，过这条街时你要当心些。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A storm arising (arise) during the night destroyed many crops.
2. She had never been greatly concerned about her appearance (appear)．
3．He signaled to the waiter to bring the menu.
4．I cannot think of ways to deal (deal) with the salesman at the door.
5．I know he hasn't finished.After all，he is very busy.
6．While watching (watch) TV，the old man fell asleep.
7．They hurried to the station，for the train was to leave.
8．In a way you can get what you want by doing this.
9．With the help of robots，man can explore some dangerous areas of the world.
10．She had to ask for a day's leave to watch over her sick child.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他十岁的时候就已经长得比他哥哥高了。
By the time he was ten，he had outgrown his older brother.(by)
2．参观那个城市的时候，他们受到热烈欢迎。
While visiting the city，they received a warm welcome.(while)
3．一辆警车开到我身边示意我停下来。
A police car drew alongside and signaled to me to stop．(signal)
4．没有你的帮助，我真的不知道怎样处理这个问题。
I really don't know how to deal with this problem without your help.(deal)
5．他觉得阅读起来更困难了，因为他的视力越来越差。
He found it more difficult to read，for his eyes were failing．
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Section Ⅴ Writing——如何写想象类作文
一、概念
想象类作文就是作者根据已有的生活经验和知识，超越现实生活来勾画出从未见过或者不曾出现过的生活图景的文章。
二、内容安排
文章可以分为三段：首段，进行概述；中间部分，具体描写；结尾对文章进行总结。
三、语言特征
1．措辞准确，正确运用时态和语态。
2．尽量使用多种表达方式。
四、注意事项
1．想象要丰富合理。要让读者感到真实可信。
2．精心组织，清楚表达。
1．People will become...in the future.
2．I think...in the future will be more interesting and wonderful.
3．What...will look like in the future?
4．Have you ever thought about...in the next 30 or 50 years?
5．We can imagine that...
6．In addition，there will be super computers or robots which can help us do...
7．Great changes will take place in the future.
8．I believe my dream will come true some day.
你们班进行了一次关于未来机器人的讨论。作为你们小组的代表，请你以“My ideal robot in the future”为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文，向同学们介绍你心目中的理想机器人。
体裁 想象类说明文 时态 以一般现在时为主
主题 心目中的理想机器人 人称 以第三人称为主
结构 第一段：对理想机器人进行总体说明第二段：对理想机器人的形态、功能作细致描述第三段：再次概括评价
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的
2．solve vt. 解决；解答
3．happiness n. 幸福；快乐
4．totally adv. 完全地
5．as a result 结果
6．with the help of 在……的帮助下
7．deal with 处理；安排；对付
8．in a way 在某种程度上
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．在某种程度上，它看起来像一个真正的女孩。
In a way，it looks like a real girl.
2．她很聪明，能完全听懂我说的所有话。
She is very intelligent，and can totally understand all I say．
3．她能做我让她做的事。
She can do what I ask her to do．
4．在她的帮助下，我可以轻松地解决难题。
With her help，I can solve difficult problems easily.
5．每当我应对困难的时候，她都能给我一些建议。
She can give me some advice whenever I deal with difficulties．
6．此外，每当我需要的时候，她会给我唱歌、跳舞，结果我就不会再感到孤单了。
Besides，she can sing and dance to me whenever I need and as a result，I won't feel lonely any longer.
7．但最重要的是，她能够分享我的快乐和悲伤。
But most importantly，she is able to share my happiness as well as sadness．
(二)句式升级
8．用not only...but also...合并句子2、3
She is very intelligent，and can not only totally understand all I say but also do what I ask her to do.
9．用and合并句子4、5
With her help，I can solve difficult problems easily and she can give me some advice whenever I deal with difficulties.
【参考范文】
My ideal robot in the future
My ideal robot in the future is a beautiful little girl，who is blue and about 1.6 metres tall.
In a way，it looks like a real girl.She is very intelligent，and can not only totally understand all I say but also do what I ask her to do.With her help，I can solve difficult problems easily and she can give me some advice whenever I deal with difficulties.Besides，she can sing and dance to me whenever I need and as a result，I won't feel lonely any longer.But most importantly，she is able to share my happiness as well as sadness.
Wouldn't it be very interesting to own such a robot in the future?
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Unit 3 Computers
【导读】 经典短篇小说《回家》(Going Home)是1971年10月14日刊登在《纽约邮报》上的一个感人的故事。这个故事引出了以黄丝带迎接亲人回家。认真阅读这篇美文，对比中外文化中对待重获自由的被囚禁者的态度的异同。
Going Home
I first heard this story a few years ago from a girl I had met in New York's Greenwich Village.Probably the story is one of those mysterious bits of folklore① that reappear every few years，to be told a new in one form or another.However，I still like to think that it really did happen，somewhere，sometime.
They were going to Fort Lauderdale—three boys and three girls—and when they boarded the bus，they were carrying sandwiches and wine in paper bags，dreaming of golden beaches as the gray cold of New York vanished② behind them.
As the bus passed through New Jersey，they began to notice Vingo.He sat in front of them，dressed in a plain，ill?fitting suit，never moving，his dusty face masking his age.He kept chewing the inside of his lip a lot，frozen into some personal cocoon③ of silence.
Deep into the night，outside Washington，the bus pulled into Howard Johnson's，and everybody got off except Vingo.He sat rooted in his seat，and the young people began to wonder about him，trying to imagine his life：perhaps he was a sea captain，a runaway from his wife，an old soldier going home.When they went back to the bus，one of the girls sat beside him and introduced herself.
“We're going to Florida，” she said brightly.“I hear it's really beautiful.”
“It is，” he said quietly，as if remembering something he had tried to forget.
“Want some wine？” she said.He smiled and took a swig④.He thanked her and retreated again into his silence.After a while，she went back to the others，and Vingo nodded in sleep.
In the morning，they awoke outside another Howard Johnson's，and this time Vingo went in.The girl insisted that he join them.He seemed very shy，and ordered black coffee and smoked nervously as the young people chattered about sleeping on beaches.When they returned to the bus，the girl sat with Vingo again，and after a while，slowly and painfully，he told his story.He had been in jail in New York for the past four years，and now he was going home.
“Are you married？”
“I don't know.”
“You don't know？” she said.
“Well，when I was in jail I wrote to my wife，” he said.“I told her that I was going to be away a long time，and that if she couldn't stand it，if the kids kept asking questions，if it hurt too much，well，she could just forget me，I'd understand.Get a new guy，I said she's a wonderful woman，really something and forget about me.I told her she didn't have to write me for nothing.And she didn't.Not for three and a half years.”
“And you're going home now，not knowing？”
“Yeah，” he said shyly.“Well，last week，when I was sure the parole⑤ was coming through，I wrote her again.We used to live in Brunswick，just before Jacksonville，and there's a big oak tree just as you come into town.I told her that if she'd take me back，she should put a yellow handkerchief on the tree，and I'd get off and come home.If she didn't want me，forget it—no handkerchief，and I'd go on through.”
“Wow，” the girl exclaimed.
She told the others，and soon all of them were in it，caught up in the approach of Brunswick，looking at the pictures Vingo showed them of his wife and three children.The woman was handsome in a plain way，the children still unformed in the much?handled snapshots⑥.
Now they were 20 miles from Brunswick，and the young people took over window seats on the right side，waiting for the approach of the great oak tree.The bus acquired a dark，hushed mood，full of the silence of absence and lost years.Vingo stopped looking，tightening his face into the ex?con's mask，as if fortifying himself against still another disappointment.
Then Brunswick was ten miles，and then five.Then，suddenly，all of the young people were up out of their seats，screaming and shouting and crying，doing small dances of joy.All except Vingo.
Vingo sat there stunned，looking at the oak tree.It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs—20 of them，30 of them，maybe hundreds，a tree that stood like a banner of welcome billowing in the wind.As the young people shouted，the old con rose and made his way to the front of the bus to go home.
回家
几年前我在纽约的格林尼治村从一位遇到的姑娘那儿第一次听到这个故事。它也许是那种隔几年就会改头换面地被重新传播一次的神奇的民间传说。然而我仍然愿意想象它是个某地某时真正发生过的事。
三个男孩和三个女孩带着纸袋装的三明治与葡萄酒，登车前往佛罗里达的劳德达拉要塞。他们向往着金色的海滩，将灰蒙蒙的寒冷的纽约甩在了身后。
当他们穿过新泽西州时，坐在前排的一个叫温格的男人引起他们的注意。他穿着一套不起眼亦很不合身的衣服，一动不动，满脸灰尘掩盖了他的年龄，他不停地咬着下嘴唇，陷入沉思中。
夜深了，汽车停在华盛顿郊外的霍华德约翰逊连锁餐馆，除了温格，其他人都下了车，他仍一丝不动地坐在那里。他引起这群年轻人的猜想：也许他是个船长，也许是离家出走的，或者是一个归家的老兵。当他们又回到车上时，他们中的一个女孩坐到温格的身边，并向他作了自我介绍。
“我们都是去佛罗里达的，”那个女孩轻快地说。“我听说那里很美。”
“是的，”他静静地回答道，他似乎记起了过去曾试图忘却的往事。
“来点葡萄酒吧？”那个女孩说。他微笑着喝了一大口，说了声谢谢后又回到他的沉默中。后来她回到那班人中，温格则低着头睡着了。
早上，他们醒来时汽车停在另一个霍华得约翰逊连锁餐馆前，这回温格也进去了。那个女孩极力邀请他加入他们。但他看起来很腼腆，当那群年轻人谈论着在海滨该怎么过夜时，他则独自一人待在一边喝黑咖啡，还不停地抽烟，显得有些局促不安。当他们回到车上时，那个女孩又坐到他身边，过了一会儿，温格才缓慢而且痛楚地诉说起他的经历。他在纽约的监狱里待了四年，现在他假释回家了。
“你结婚了吗？”
“我不知道。”
“你不知道？”那女孩很奇怪。
“是这样，我在狱中时曾给我妻子写过一封信”，他说，“告诉她我要离开很长一段时间，如果她忍受不了，如果孩子不断追问，如果这使她非常痛苦，那么她可以忘了我，我会理解的。我叫她重新嫁人，我知道她是个很不错的女人，真的不一般。我让她忘了我，我让她别给我写回信，因为这没有用，她也真没回信，我已有三年半没有她的音信了。”
“那么你就这样盲目地回家去？”
“也不是，”他略带腼腆地说：“上周当我确知假释得到批准时，我又给她写过一封信。过去我们住在布伦斯威克，就在杰克逊维尔前面，在进城去的路上有一棵高大的橡树。我告诉她，如果她愿意我回来就在树上挂一方黄手帕，我就下车回家。如果她不要我，就忘掉这件事，看不见手帕，我也就不下车了。”
“噢，是吗？”那个女孩惊讶极了。
她把这事告诉了同伴们，于是他们都盼着快点到布伦斯威克。温格又给他们看了一张他妻子与三个孩子的照片。这是一张被摸旧了的照片：一个面容端庄的妇女与三个年岁还小的孩子。
现在他们离布伦斯威克只有20英里了，那班年轻人占据了车右边靠窗的座位，等待着那棵橡树的出现。汽车里一片阴暗和肃静。充满着所失去的岁月的沉重的气氛。温格则低下头，一副囚犯们所特有的绷紧的面容，不敢往外看，好像是防备着又一次失望的打击。
离布伦斯威克只有十英里了，五英里了，突然，那群年轻人全都叫着从座位上跳了起来，高兴得手舞足蹈，只有温格例外。
温格目瞪口呆地坐在那儿，望着窗外的橡树，那上面挂满了黄手帕。20块，30块，也许有好几百块，这棵树站在那儿，就像一面欢迎的大旗，在风中飘扬。在年轻人的叫喊声中，那个往日的囚徒站起来，走到车门前，然后向家走去。
[知识积累]
1．folklore n． 民间传说
2．vanish v. 消失
3．cocoon n. 茧；茧状物
4．swig n. 一大口
5．parole n. 假释
6．snapshot n. 快照
[文化链接]
《回家》之黄丝带的含义
这个故事刊出不久，很快就出现了这首不朽的音乐Tie a yellow ribbon around the old oak tree(《老橡树上的黄丝带》)，这首单曲曾在1973年跃上美国排行榜蝉联四周冠军，更是该年年度排行榜上的总冠军歌曲。伴着欢快的歌声这个故事也传遍了全世界。黄丝带也成了美国“欢迎被囚禁的人重获自由”的标志。
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