Unit 4 Natural disasters 课件+教师用书+知能演练轻松闯关+单元过关检测 (共10份打包)

Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
听音填空
　　　　　/　California Dreaming　/　　　　　　　　　　　　　/　加州之梦　/
　　澳洲才女Sia献唱道恩·强森出演的新灾难片《末日崩塌/加州大地震》(San Andreas)(2015)主题曲《California Dreaming》。影片中的场景很震撼，在灾难面前，人类很无助。影片中所表现的父爱、母爱很让人感动，爱你的人对你的不离不弃也会让你收获能量。
All the leaves are brown
And the sky is grey
I’ve been 1．for a walk
On a winter’s day
I’d be 2．safe and warm
If I was in L．A．
California dreaming
On such a winter’s day
I 3．stopped into a church
I passed along the way
Well I 4．got down on my knees
And I pretended to pray
You know the preacher likes the cold
He knows I’m gonna stay
California dreaming
On such a winter’s day
All the leaves are brown
And the sky is grey
I’ve been for a walk
On a winter’s day
If I didn’t tell her
I could leave today
California dreaming
On such a winter’s day
所有叶子都是棕黄色的
天空是灰色的
我得出去走一走
在一个冬日里
我会觉得安全和温暖
如果我在洛杉矶
加州之梦
在这样的一个冬日
停步走进教堂
我穿过走道
我双腿下跪
并假装祈祷
你知道牧师都是冷冰冰的
他知道我将要留下
加州之梦
在这样的一个冬日
所有叶子都是棕黄色的
天空是灰色的
我得出去走一走
在一个冬日里
如果我没有告诉她
我今天就能离开这里
加州之梦
在这样的一个冬日
[词海拾贝]
1．knee[ni?]n．　　　　　　　　　 膝盖
2．pray[preI]vi．& vt． 祈祷
3．preacher['pri?t??(r)]n． 牧师
　　As is well known to us, there are some signs before an earthquake happens．Discuss with your partners about what happens before an earthquake．
　　Signs before the earthquake：
 The water in the wells ____________ and ____________．And some deep____________ could be seen in the well walls．Some ____________ gas came out of the cracks．
 The chickens and even the pigs were too____________ to eat, and dogs ____________ to go inside buildings．
 Mice ran out of the fields____________ places to hide．Fish ____________ out of their bowls and ponds．
 People could see____________lights in the sky．
答案：Picture A：rose; fell; cracks; smelly
Picture B：nervous; refused
Picture C：looking for; jumped
Picture D：bright
 Listen to the news reports and tick the disasters that you hear．(教材P48)
(√) earthquake　　 (√) tornado　　　 (　) wildfire
(　) drought (√) landslide (　) tsunami
(√) flood (　) volcanic eruption
听力材料：
NEWS REPORT 1
A＝Anchor A
A: Good morning, it’s 17 April．A strong earthquake hit Ecuador yesterday．The 7．8-magnitude earthquake damaged many buildings, and early reports said that about 230 people were killed and more than 1，500 were injured．Volunteers and rescue workers are helping the survivors．
NEWS REPORT 2
B＝Anchor B
B: Good evening．Today is 27 March．More news about the floods in central China．The government is helping more than 12，000 people in Hunan and Jiangxi get away from the rising water．Homes and land have been destroyed, but no one has been killed．Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are safe．They are also bringing food and water to those whose homes were lost in the disaster．
NEWS REPORT 3
C＝Anchor C
C: Breaking news, Saturday 12 August．A tornado was just seen in southern Memphis, the USA．Eyewitnesses said that at 9：25 a．m．, the tornado destroyed four homes．A police officer tells us that at least one person has died．More tornados are possible, and the police advise avoiding the area．
NEWS REPORT 4
D＝Anchor D
D：And in Seoul, a landslide damaged a library and a supermarket in a southern neighbourhood．The landslide was caused by the heavy rain that has fallen in Seoul over the past week．According to the police, no one was injured in the landslide but several cars were damaged．Those are the top news for today, Wednesday 21 July．
 Circle the key words in the questions below and write the kind of information they refer to．Then listen again and answer the questions．(教材P48)
1．What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Ecuador?
________________________________________________________________________
2．How many people were killed or injured in Ecuador?
________________________________________________________________________
3．Where are the floods?
________________________________________________________________________
4．What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?
________________________________________________________________________
5．When did people see the tornado in Memphis?
________________________________________________________________________
6．Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?
________________________________________________________________________
7．What caused the landslide in Seoul?
________________________________________________________________________
答案：1．7.8 magnitude earthquake.
2．230 people were killed and more than 1，500 people were injured．
3．In central China．
4．They not only make sure people are safe but also bring food and water to those whose homes were lost in the disaster．
5．Saturday 12 August．
6．A library and a supermarket．
7．The landslide was caused by the heavy rain．
Listening Tips
1．注意细节
　　Think about what you are listening for before you listen: numbers, dates, times, addresses, activities, people or places, reasons, etc．
2．巧辨连读
　　听力中有很多连读，如果不知道很容易听不清或者听错，所谓连读，指的是词与词之间交界的两个音会经常连在一起，发音时好像连成一个较长的单词。听力中常见的连读形式：
(1)辅元连读：在一个句子或短语中，前一个单词以辅音结尾，后一个单词以元音开头时，需要将辅音和元音在一起连读。如：if I, for a walk, on a winter’s day。
(2)元元连读：第一种，在一个句子或短语中，前一个单词的发音以/I/或/aI/结尾，后一个单词以元音开头时，中间加一个半元音/j/，如：I am．．．第二种，在一个句子或短语中，前一个单词的发音以/u/或/u?/结尾，后一个单词以元音开头时，加一个半元音/w/，如：you are, who are。
【即时训练】
听下面3段对话回答问题，并辨别对话中的连读。
1．What will the woman do this afternoon?
A．Do some exercise．
B．Go shopping．
C．Wash her clothes．
2．Why does the woman call the man?
A．To cancel a flight．
B．To make an apology．
C．To put off a meeting．
3．What is Jane doing?
A．Planning a tour．
B．Calling her father．
C．Asking for leave．
答案：1－3.BCC
听力材料：
(Text 1)
M: Let’s go for a nice walk into the country this afternoon．
W: I certainly could enjoy the exercise, but I’ve agreed to go with Alice to buy some clothes．
(Text 2)
W: Hello, Mr．Smith．I’m afraid Dr．Brown won’t be able to see you today．He’s still waiting for a flight out of New York．He said he would meet you tomorrow afternoon．Is it okay?
M: Sounds good．Thank you for calling．
(Text 3)
W: Dr．Block, I need to take a few days off because my father is coming over to visit, and I need to show him around the city．
M: OK, Jane．But be sure to come back to work next week．
 根据录音在空格处填入合适的内容。
　　Bad news, it’s 26 April．A strong earthquake 1．shook the east at 1：25 a．m．on April 16，2019, at a depth of about 10 km, and another earthquake happened at 9：26 p．m．on April 27，2019, at a depth of about 11 km．The two earthquakes 2．killed at least 40 people and more than one thousand people 3．got_injured．With so many buildings falling down and 4．catching_fire,_a great number of people have moved out of their homes．Soldiers and rescue workers 5．are_sent_to_the_disaster areas immediately．We hope that people in the disaster area can lead a normal life and have their beautiful homes 6．rebuilt_soon．
【话题积累】
1．at a depth of深度……
2．lead a normal life过着正常的生活
 Work in groups and discuss the following questions．
1．What should you do if you are in the building when an earthquake happens?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．What should you do if you are outside when an earthquake happens?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．What should you do if you are trapped after an earthquake?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：1.In my opinion, we should drop down on our hands and knees; cover our head with our hands; stay away from glass, windows; hide under a desk or table and so on.
2．In my view, we should find an open space away from buildings, trees and power lines as soon as possible．
3．Keep calm and use a cell phone to call for help．We can also tap on a pipe or a wall or whistle for help．
 阅读理解
A
The trouble started at 9：30 pm last New Year’s Eve, in Newmark．When the fire engines(消防车) arrived at the fire, a very old woman was sitting in a third floor window．The firefighters placed a ladder(梯子) against the wooden house, and 26－year－old Marcus Reddick climbed 35 feet to the third floor．
The woman, 60 years old and very fat, was sitting with both feet out of the window．When Marcus reached the top of the ladder, the woman, afraid and nervous, put her two legs around him．Suddenly Marcus fell backwards off the ladder, with the large woman sitting on him．Marcus landed first—hitting a wall beside the front stairs—and broke the woman’s fall．She fell no more, but he fell another ten feet down the stairs．When the fire officer reached him, Marcus was unconscious．
Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead, and would only get worse．Doctors talked of turning off the life－saving machine and asked if the family would like to give away his heart．The answer was “yes”．
On January 6, firefighters lifted Marcus’ coffin(棺材)—covered with an American flag—onto a yellow fire engine．Hundreds of firefighters from all over the state joined the procession(行列) through Newmark streets．Children watched silently from school windows．The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl．His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位消防员在救人的过程中不幸牺牲的故事。
1．What happened last New Year’s Eve in Newmark?
A．An old woman was killed．
B．A fire engine was missing．
C．A firefighter was murdered．
D．A wooden house caught fire．
D　解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的the fire engines(消防车) arrived at the fire和The firefighters placed a ladder(梯子) against the wooden house可知，一座木制房屋着火了，故选D项。
2．After reaching the top of the ladder, Marcus________．
A．was very afraid and nervous
B．couldn’t see anything clearly
C．found it difficult to get down
D．was knocked off and got hurt
D　解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的Marcus fell backwards off the ladder和第三段中的a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead可知，Marcus从梯子上摔下来后受了重伤，故选D项。
3．The underlined word “unconscious” in Paragraph 2 means “________”．
A．homeless　　　　　 B．senseless
C．breathless D．helpless
B　解析：词义猜测题。由第三段中的Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead可知，Marcus当时失去了意识，故选B项。
4．We can infer from the end of the text that Marcus’ family might feel ________．
A．sad but proud
B．shy but excited
C．angry and doubtful
D．worried and surprised
A　解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl．His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved．可推知，Marcus的家人对他的离世感到很伤心，不过对于将他的心脏捐赠给一个女孩这件事感到很自豪，故选A项。
B
A series of small earthquakes have shaken central Nebraska and become the talk of the area．According to the information on a website, there have been several quakes since the 9th this month in the heart of the state, centered on the town Arnold, which is about 225 miles west of the capital Lincoln．The first, a 3．3-magnitude(震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday．The strongest quake was the first one that struck on the 10th, which reached a magnitude of 3．7．The earthquakes were found about three miles below the surface．There haven’t been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE, a radio station．
“It is just kind of strange，” Becky Dailey, treasurer of the Arnold Chamber of Commerce, told that station, adding that people around town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes．Actually small quakes like these are not unusual．Just two minutes before Nebraska’s most recent earthquake, a separate one shook a city in the Dominican Republic, reaching a magnitude of 2．5．A couple of hours later, a 2．7-magnitude earthquake hit an area near Aguanga, in Southern California’s Riverside County．There were two more that day in different areas of Puerto Rico: a 2．9-magnitude quake and a 3．1-magnitude quake．Those were all small, but stronger quakes regularly rock the world—just not so often．
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks．This sudden release of energy causes the waves that make the ground shake．Two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing(摩擦) against each other．After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that is built up．When the rocks break, the earthquake happens．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。在美国的内布拉斯加州一连发生了六次小地震，本文介绍了这些地震的相关情况。
5．What do we know about the quakes in Nebraska?
A．There were six quakes in all．
B．They all happened within 24 hours．
C．They were centered on the capital Lincoln．
D．The biggest one reached a magnitude of 4．0．
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“The first, a 3．3-magnitude(震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday．”可知，一共爆发了六次小地震。
6．According to KWBE, the quakes in Nebraska most probably ________．
A．caused many buildings to fall
B．caused damage to the crops
C．were not felt by the locals
D．were not dangerous
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“There haven’t been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE”可知，这些小地震都不危险。
7．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．That no human got injured in the quakes．
B．That quakes happened there so frequently．
C．That an earthquake took place in the state．
D．That people kept talking about the quakes．
B　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“．．．adding that people around town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes．”可知，“It”指的是频繁发生地震的现象。这种现象在Becky Dailey看来是很奇怪的。
8．What does the author want to show by mentioning the quakes in Paragraph 2?
A．So many quakes happened on the 9th．
B．Small quakes can be easier to find now．
C．No big earthquakes happened these days．
D．Small quakes are actually very common．
D　解析：写作意图题。根据第二段的“Actually small quakes like these are not unusual．”可知，后面提到那些小地震都是为了证明这一点。
C
Becca was 6 when she was told she had cancer on Sept．8，2014．She clearly remembers the bad days of her 26 months of non－stop treatment．Luckily, Becca celebrated her final treatment on Nov．13，2016, and she has been cancer－free ever since．But she was thinking about what her life was like while experiencing treatment．
I was never able to do much, and that’s what the kids lying in their hospital beds right now experience, asking their mom and dad, “When are we leaving? When can I play with my friends？” So I decided I have to help them．
In February, 2017, Becca came up with the idea for Knots and Arrows, a company that makes bracelets(手镯) out of swimsuit materials(泳衣布料)．Part of the money made from each bracelet goes to the organizations that help people with cancer．
Becca created the company with her father, Gerhard Salmins．Gerhard Salmins once had cancer and already recovered from it．“I would be in the hospital sitting there crying and then my dad would come in and he would play games with me，” she said．“It made me forget about what I was going through．” Becca said the name of the organization shows the motto(座右铭) she stuck to through her personal cancer journey．
Her organization has already given thousands of dollars to research organizations and families in need．Becca said she hopes her bracelets will make people remember that great things can result from small changes．“No matter what age you are, what you look like, how you act, you can make a difference！” she said．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小女孩Becca成功战胜了癌症病魔，之后又创办手镯公司帮助其他癌症患者的故事。
9．What happened to Becca at the end of 2016?
A．She recovered from cancer．
B．She created an organization．
C．She raised a lot of money．
D．She was helped by a company．
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Becca与癌症搏斗了26个月后终于在2016年11月13日战胜病魔，所以她在2016年年底时已完全康复。
10．What do we know about Becca’s father?
A．He showed Becca a famous motto．
B．He fought off cancer successfully．
C．He advised Becca to forget her pain．
D．He named the company Knots and Arrows．
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Gerhard Salmins once had cancer and already recovered from it．可知，Becca的父亲曾经患过癌症，现在已经痊愈。
11．Which of the following words can best describe Becca?
A．Brave．　　　　　 B．Creative．
C．Caring． D．Clever．
C　解析：推理判断题。Becca建立公司筹钱给研究机构和有需要的家庭，由此可知，Becca是一个关心他人的人。
12．In Becca’s opinion, what’s the meaning of her bracelets?
A．To tell us having a motto is important．
B．To prove cancer can be got over successfully．
C．To show there’s always someone who needs help．
D．To make us realize everyone can make a difference．
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，Becca认为她的手镯的意义在于让我们认识到每个人都有影响力。
 七选五
Jogging, the activity of running slowly, is good for your health in many ways．It is a great way to get outdoors, get some fresh air and get yourself in shape．However, it can cause knee injury．According to sports medicine experts, as many as 70% of all joggers get their knees injured at some point during their lives．1．________ Here are three tips for preventing knee injuries．
2．________ Joggers need to pay attention to the nutrition(营养) they take in．For example, experts suggest that adults take in at least 1，000 mg of calcium(钙) every day by eating dark green vegetables or milk products．
Buy the right shoes．You can’t judge a pair of shoes simply by its color, style or price．3．________ Some people, who have wide feet for example, require special sizes．So you had better look for shoes according to your foot type．Besides, buy your shoes a half size bigger than your normal size．4．________
Warm up．Before jogging, you should start with a general warm－up．Walking or gentle jogging is a good way to start．After that, move on to basic stretching(拉伸)．5．________ Stretching is especially important in cool weather, when your body is slower to warm up．
A．Eat right food．
B．Drink enough water．
C．Luckily, these injuries can be easily prevented．
D．But knee injuries can happen to joggers of any age．
E．What is important is that the shoes fit your feet correctly．
F．This is because your feet may get bigger when you exercise．
G．Stretching is the best way to get your blood flowing and prepare your body for running．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在慢跑中避免膝盖受伤。
1．C　解析：本空前两句提到慢跑很可能造成膝盖受伤，后一句说明下文是避免膝盖受伤的三条建议。由此可以推知，空格处转折，说明慢跑中膝盖受伤的情况是可以避免的。选项D虽然提及knee injuries，但表述不符合语境。
2．A　解析：根据下文的nutrition, calcium和eating dark green vegetables or milk products可知，本段的主旨是要正确饮食。
3．E　解析：上一句说明了买跑鞋时不能把鞋的颜色、风格和价格作为购买标准，空格处应该说明买跑鞋时的正确做法：买跑鞋时重要的是鞋要合脚。
4．F　解析：上一句说到买跑鞋时要比平时穿的鞋大半号，空格处解释原因：因为你在运动时脚可能会变大。
5．G　解析：本空上一句提到了“拉伸”，下一句提到了它的重要性，结合选项可知，应选G项。

课件38张PPT。UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERSUNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
 阅读理解
A
The trouble started at 9：30 pm last New Year’s Eve, in Newmark．When the fire engines(消防车) arrived at the fire, a very old woman was sitting in a third floor window．The firefighters placed a ladder(梯子) against the wooden house, and 26－year－old Marcus Reddick climbed 35 feet to the third floor．
The woman, 60 years old and very fat, was sitting with both feet out of the window．When Marcus reached the top of the ladder, the woman, afraid and nervous, put her two legs around him．Suddenly Marcus fell backwards off the ladder, with the large woman sitting on him．Marcus landed first—hitting a wall beside the front stairs—and broke the woman’s fall．She fell no more, but he fell another ten feet down the stairs．When the fire officer reached him, Marcus was unconscious．
Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead, and would only get worse．Doctors talked of turning off the life－saving machine and asked if the family would like to give away his heart．The answer was “yes”．
On January 6, firefighters lifted Marcus’ coffin(棺材)—covered with an American flag—onto a yellow fire engine．Hundreds of firefighters from all over the state joined the procession(行列) through Newmark streets．Children watched silently from school windows．The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl．His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位消防员在救人的过程中不幸牺牲的故事。
1．What happened last New Year’s Eve in Newmark?
A．An old woman was killed．
B．A fire engine was missing．
C．A firefighter was murdered．
D．A wooden house caught fire．
D　解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的the fire engines(消防车) arrived at the fire和The firefighters placed a ladder(梯子) against the wooden house可知，一座木制房屋着火了，故选D项。
2．After reaching the top of the ladder, Marcus________．
A．was very afraid and nervous
B．couldn’t see anything clearly
C．found it difficult to get down
D．was knocked off and got hurt
D　解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的Marcus fell backwards off the ladder和第三段中的a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead可知，Marcus从梯子上摔下来后受了重伤，故选D项。
3．The underlined word “unconscious” in Paragraph 2 means “________”．
A．homeless　　　　　 B．senseless
C．breathless D．helpless
B　解析：词义猜测题。由第三段中的Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead可知，Marcus当时失去了意识，故选B项。
4．We can infer from the end of the text that Marcus’ family might feel ________．
A．sad but proud
B．shy but excited
C．angry and doubtful
D．worried and surprised
A　解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl．His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved．可推知，Marcus的家人对他的离世感到很伤心，不过对于将他的心脏捐赠给一个女孩这件事感到很自豪，故选A项。
B
A series of small earthquakes have shaken central Nebraska and become the talk of the area．According to the information on a website, there have been several quakes since the 9th this month in the heart of the state, centered on the town Arnold, which is about 225 miles west of the capital Lincoln．The first, a 3．3-magnitude(震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday．The strongest quake was the first one that struck on the 10th, which reached a magnitude of 3．7．The earthquakes were found about three miles below the surface．There haven’t been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE, a radio station．
“It is just kind of strange，” Becky Dailey, treasurer of the Arnold Chamber of Commerce, told that station, adding that people around town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes．Actually small quakes like these are not unusual．Just two minutes before Nebraska’s most recent earthquake, a separate one shook a city in the Dominican Republic, reaching a magnitude of 2．5．A couple of hours later, a 2．7-magnitude earthquake hit an area near Aguanga, in Southern California’s Riverside County．There were two more that day in different areas of Puerto Rico: a 2．9-magnitude quake and a 3．1-magnitude quake．Those were all small, but stronger quakes regularly rock the world—just not so often．
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks．This sudden release of energy causes the waves that make the ground shake．Two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing(摩擦) against each other．After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that is built up．When the rocks break, the earthquake happens．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。在美国的内布拉斯加州一连发生了六次小地震，本文介绍了这些地震的相关情况。
5．What do we know about the quakes in Nebraska?
A．There were six quakes in all．
B．They all happened within 24 hours．
C．They were centered on the capital Lincoln．
D．The biggest one reached a magnitude of 4．0．
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“The first, a 3．3-magnitude(震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday．”可知，一共爆发了六次小地震。
6．According to KWBE, the quakes in Nebraska most probably ________．
A．caused many buildings to fall
B．caused damage to the crops
C．were not felt by the locals
D．were not dangerous
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“There haven’t been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE”可知，这些小地震都不危险。
7．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．That no human got injured in the quakes．
B．That quakes happened there so frequently．
C．That an earthquake took place in the state．
D．That people kept talking about the quakes．
B　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“．．．adding that people around town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes．”可知，“It”指的是频繁发生地震的现象。这种现象在Becky Dailey看来是很奇怪的。
8．What does the author want to show by mentioning the quakes in Paragraph 2?
A．So many quakes happened on the 9th．
B．Small quakes can be easier to find now．
C．No big earthquakes happened these days．
D．Small quakes are actually very common．
D　解析：写作意图题。根据第二段的“Actually small quakes like these are not unusual．”可知，后面提到那些小地震都是为了证明这一点。
C
Becca was 6 when she was told she had cancer on Sept．8，2014．She clearly remembers the bad days of her 26 months of non－stop treatment．Luckily, Becca celebrated her final treatment on Nov．13，2016, and she has been cancer－free ever since．But she was thinking about what her life was like while experiencing treatment．
I was never able to do much, and that’s what the kids lying in their hospital beds right now experience, asking their mom and dad, “When are we leaving? When can I play with my friends？” So I decided I have to help them．
In February, 2017, Becca came up with the idea for Knots and Arrows, a company that makes bracelets(手镯) out of swimsuit materials(泳衣布料)．Part of the money made from each bracelet goes to the organizations that help people with cancer．
Becca created the company with her father, Gerhard Salmins．Gerhard Salmins once had cancer and already recovered from it．“I would be in the hospital sitting there crying and then my dad would come in and he would play games with me，” she said．“It made me forget about what I was going through．” Becca said the name of the organization shows the motto(座右铭) she stuck to through her personal cancer journey．
Her organization has already given thousands of dollars to research organizations and families in need．Becca said she hopes her bracelets will make people remember that great things can result from small changes．“No matter what age you are, what you look like, how you act, you can make a difference！” she said．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小女孩Becca成功战胜了癌症病魔，之后又创办手镯公司帮助其他癌症患者的故事。
9．What happened to Becca at the end of 2016?
A．She recovered from cancer．
B．She created an organization．
C．She raised a lot of money．
D．She was helped by a company．
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Becca与癌症搏斗了26个月后终于在2016年11月13日战胜病魔，所以她在2016年年底时已完全康复。
10．What do we know about Becca’s father?
A．He showed Becca a famous motto．
B．He fought off cancer successfully．
C．He advised Becca to forget her pain．
D．He named the company Knots and Arrows．
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Gerhard Salmins once had cancer and already recovered from it．可知，Becca的父亲曾经患过癌症，现在已经痊愈。
11．Which of the following words can best describe Becca?
A．Brave．　　　　　 B．Creative．
C．Caring． D．Clever．
C　解析：推理判断题。Becca建立公司筹钱给研究机构和有需要的家庭，由此可知，Becca是一个关心他人的人。
12．In Becca’s opinion, what’s the meaning of her bracelets?
A．To tell us having a motto is important．
B．To prove cancer can be got over successfully．
C．To show there’s always someone who needs help．
D．To make us realize everyone can make a difference．
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，Becca认为她的手镯的意义在于让我们认识到每个人都有影响力。
 七选五
Jogging, the activity of running slowly, is good for your health in many ways．It is a great way to get outdoors, get some fresh air and get yourself in shape．However, it can cause knee injury．According to sports medicine experts, as many as 70% of all joggers get their knees injured at some point during their lives．1．________ Here are three tips for preventing knee injuries．
2．________ Joggers need to pay attention to the nutrition(营养) they take in．For example, experts suggest that adults take in at least 1，000 mg of calcium(钙) every day by eating dark green vegetables or milk products．
Buy the right shoes．You can’t judge a pair of shoes simply by its color, style or price．3．________ Some people, who have wide feet for example, require special sizes．So you had better look for shoes according to your foot type．Besides, buy your shoes a half size bigger than your normal size．4．________
Warm up．Before jogging, you should start with a general warm－up．Walking or gentle jogging is a good way to start．After that, move on to basic stretching(拉伸)．5．________ Stretching is especially important in cool weather, when your body is slower to warm up．
A．Eat right food．
B．Drink enough water．
C．Luckily, these injuries can be easily prevented．
D．But knee injuries can happen to joggers of any age．
E．What is important is that the shoes fit your feet correctly．
F．This is because your feet may get bigger when you exercise．
G．Stretching is the best way to get your blood flowing and prepare your body for running．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在慢跑中避免膝盖受伤。
1．C　解析：本空前两句提到慢跑很可能造成膝盖受伤，后一句说明下文是避免膝盖受伤的三条建议。由此可以推知，空格处转折，说明慢跑中膝盖受伤的情况是可以避免的。选项D虽然提及knee injuries，但表述不符合语境。
2．A　解析：根据下文的nutrition, calcium和eating dark green vegetables or milk products可知，本段的主旨是要正确饮食。
3．E　解析：上一句说明了买跑鞋时不能把鞋的颜色、风格和价格作为购买标准，空格处应该说明买跑鞋时的正确做法：买跑鞋时重要的是鞋要合脚。
4．F　解析：上一句说到买跑鞋时要比平时穿的鞋大半号，空格处解释原因：因为你在运动时脚可能会变大。
5．G　解析：本空上一句提到了“拉伸”，下一句提到了它的重要性，结合选项可知，应选G项。

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1．disaster[dI'zɑ?st?(r)]n．　　 灾难；灾害
2．slide[slaId]vi．& vt． (使)滑行；滑动
3．flood[fl?d]n． 洪水；大量
vi． 淹没；大量涌入
vt． 使灌满水；淹没
4．rescue['reskju?]n．& vt． 营救；救援
5．damage['d?mId?]vt． 损害；破坏
n． 损坏；损失
6．destroy[dI'str?I]vt． 摧毁；毁灭
7．affect[?'fekt]vt． 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
8．shelter['?elt?(r)]n．　　　 　　 避难处；居所；庇护
vt． 保护；掩蔽
vi． 躲避(风雨或危险)
9．ruin['ru?In]n．& vt． 破坏；毁坏
10．electricity[I?lek'trIs?ti]n． 电；电能
11．trap[tr?p]vt． 使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n． 险境；陷阱
12．bury['beri]vt． 埋葬；安葬
13．effort['ef?t]n． 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
14．wisdom['wIzd?m]n． 智慧；才智
拓展词汇
15．death[deθ]n．死；死亡→dead adj．无生命的
16．_shock[??k]n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊→shocking adj．令人震惊的→shocked adj．感到震惊的
17．breathe[bri?e]vi．& vt．呼吸→breath n．呼吸
18．revive[rI'vaIv]vt．& vi．复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
19．unify['ju?nIfaI]vi．& vt．统一；(使)成一体→unite vi．& vt．团结
20．suffer['s?f?]vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；苦难
阅读词汇
21．tornado[t??'neId??]n．　　　 龙卷风；旋风
22．drought[dra?t]n． 旱灾；久旱
23．landslide['l?ndslaId]n．(landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
24．tsunami[tsu?'nɑ?mi]n． 海啸
25．volcanic eruption[v?l'k?nIk I'r?p?n] 火山喷发
26．magnitude['m?ɡnItju?d]n． (地)震级；重大
27．evacuate[I'v?kjueIt]vt．　　　 疏散；撤出
vi． 撤离
28．helicopter['helIk?pt?(r)]n． 直升机
29．crack[kr?k]n． 裂纹；裂缝
vi．& vt． (使)破裂
30．percent[p?'sent]n． 百分之……
adj．& adv． 每一百中
31．brick[brIk]n． 砖；砖块
32．metal['metl]n． 金属
重点短语
1．as_if　　　　　　　　　　　　　 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in_ruins_ 严重受损；破败不堪
3．in_shock 震惊；吃惊
4．set_up 建立
5．as_usual 像往常一样
6．come_to_an_end 　　　　　　　 结束
7．the_number_of ……的数量
8．dig_out 挖掘
9．a_home_to ……的家园
10．go_through 经历
重点句型
1．too＋adj．＋to．．．太……不……：Chickens and even pigs were too_nervous_to_eat(太紧张而不吃东西), and dogs refused to go inside buildings．
2．It seems/seemed as if．．．看起来似乎……：It_seemed_as_if(看起来似乎) the world were coming to an end!
3．everywhere引导让步状语从句：Everywhere_survivors_looked(幸存者无论往哪里看), there was nothing but ruins．
4．with 复合结构：With_strong_support_from_the_government(在政府的大力支持下) and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins．
 Fast-reading
Skim the text on Page 50 and do the following exercises．
1．What’s the main idea of the text?
The passage is mainly about __________________________________．
2．Find out the main idea of each part．
Para．1　　　 A．The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan．
Para．2 B．The earthquake happened and caused deaths or injuries in Tangshan．
Para．3 C．Rescue and revival after the quakes．
Paras．4－5 D．Warning signs before the earthquake．
答案：1.a terrible earthquake of Tangshan　2.DBAC
 Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer．
1．All the following unusual things happened before the earthquake except that ________．
A．the water in the village wells rose and fell
B．the chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat
C．mice ran out of the fields looking for hiding places
D．fish swam in the water as usual
2．Before the earthquake people were asleep as usual because ________．
A．they didn’t notice anything strange happening
B．they knew well about earthquakes
C．something strange happened in many places
D．they didn’t realize the arrival of an earthquake
3．The title “THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP”means “________”．
A．the earth was awake all night long
B．a terrible earthquake happened that night
C．people on the earth couldn’t fall asleep that night
D．animals on the earth couldn’t fall asleep that night
4．What’s the meaning of the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again．”？
A．People weren’t sad any more．
B．The life in Tangshan began to return to normal．
C．The earthquake finally came to an end．
D．Those who were trapped were saved．
答案：1－4.DDAB
rescue　n．& vt．援救；营救
(教材P48)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?
救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么？
come to/go to sb．’s rescue＝rescue sb．　 援救某人
rescue．．．from．．． 把……从……营救出来
①When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue．
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
②At midnight we finally rescued(rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valley．
午夜时，我们终于救出了被困在山谷中的游客。
③The firefighters rescued five children from the burning house yesterday．
昨天，消防人员把5个孩子从失火的房子中解救出来。
damage　vt．损害；破坏　n．损坏；损失
(教材P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?
首尔哪些建筑被毁？
(1)　　 对……造成损害
(2)damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
①This could cause serious damage to our environment．
这可能会对我们的环境造成严重的破坏。
②As we all know, smoking can do/cause_damage_to_our_health．(damage n．)
＝It is well known that smoking can damage_our_health．(damage vt．)　
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
affect　vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
(佳句背诵)As far as I’m concerned, following others’ advice without thinking will affect our own decision．
在我看来，不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们自己的决定。
(1)affect sb．/sth．　　　　　　 影响某人/某事
be deeply affected by 被深深打动
(2)effect n． 作用；影响
have an effect on 对……产生影响
①The disease is beginning to affect his eyesight．
疾病开始侵袭他的视力。
②As far as I’m concerned, staying up late every day is certain_to_affect(affect) your health seriously．
就我而言，每天熬夜一定会严重影响你的健康。
③Affected(affect) by the moving story, he burst into tears．
受这个感人故事的影响，他哭了起来。
④As we all know, smoking has a bad effect on our health．
众所周知，吸烟对我们的健康有不好的影响。
ruin　n．废墟；毁灭　vt．毁灭；使破产
(教材P50)In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins．
不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了废墟。
(1)be/lie in ruins　　 成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
(2)ruin one’s hope/chance 使某人的希望破灭/机会丢失
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
①The ancient temple has been in ruins and needs repairing．
这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。
②Drunk-driving not only ruined himself(he) but also killed several passers-by．
醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几位路人死亡。
③Heavy smoking ruins(ruin) your health, so you should give up smoking．
吸烟过量损害健康，因此你应该戒烟。
shock　n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
vt．(使)震惊
(教材P50)People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again．
人们都很震惊——然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。
(1)be a shock to．．．　　　　　 使……吃惊
(2)shocked adj． 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth． 做某事很吃惊
(3)shocking adj． 令人震惊的
①His situation was a great shock to us all．
他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。
②The news shocked(shock) the public, leading to great concern about students’ safety at school．
这个消息使公众震惊，导致了对在校学生安全的担心。
③We are shocked(shock) that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake．
我们感到震惊的是，如此多的人在地震中伤亡。
④The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is very much shocked at it．(shock)
他突然死亡的消息如此令人震惊，以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。
trap　vt．使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n．险境；陷阱
(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead．
地震发生后不久，军队派遣了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。
(1)fall into a trap　　　　　　　　 落入圈套
(2)be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中
trap sb．into (doing) sth． 诱使某人做某事
①If you choose this way, you’re likely to fall into a trap．
如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。
②There was a power failure, they were_trapped(trap) in the lift．
停电了，他们被困在电梯里。
③By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth．
他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。
bury　vt．埋藏；掩埋；隐藏
(佳句背诵)Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work．
自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。
(1)bury．．．in．．．　　　　　　 把……埋到……里
bury one’s face in hands 双手掩面
(2)　　　　 埋头于；专心于，沉浸于
①She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news．
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
②In the past three weeks, we have been burying ourselves(we) in study because the exam is drawing near．
在过去的三周里，我们一直专心于学习，因为考试即将到来。
③Buried(bury) in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left．
＝Burying(bury) himself in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left．
＝Because he was_buried(bury) in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left．
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
effort　n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
(教材P50)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins．
在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下，一个新唐山在废墟上建立了。
spare no effort to do sth．　　　　 不遗余力做某事
make an effort to do sth． 努力做某事
①I do believe that all your efforts will pay off sooner or later．
我的确相信你的努力迟早会有所回报。
②As far as I’m concerned, you should make a greater effort to_study(study) hard．
依我看来，你应该更加努力学习。
③If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance，I will spare no effort to_finish(finish) the task．
如果我足够幸运被给予这样一个好机会，我将不遗余力地完成这项任务。
suffer　vt．遭受；蒙受
vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
(教材P51)What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need?
你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？
(1)suffer from　　　　　　　 患……病；因……而受苦
suffer from cold and hunger 忍饥挨冻
(2)suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦
(3)suffering n． 苦难，痛苦
sufferer n． 受难者
①As far as I know, he has ever suffered from a serious illness．
据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。
②The company suffered_a_great_loss as a result of the accident．
由于那次事故，该公司遭受了重大损失。
③Even if he suffered from_a lot of difficulties，he never gave in．
尽管饱受许多困难之苦，但他从不屈服。
④Death finally brought an end to her suffering(suffer)．
死亡最终结束了她的痛苦(遭受)。
too＋adj．＋to．．．太……不……
(教材P50)Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings．
鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。
　　too＋adj．(for sb．) to do sth．意为“太……不……”，表示否定意义。
①I was too young to understand the meaning of the film．
＝I was so young that I can’t understand the meaning of the film．
我太年幼，不理解这部电影的含义。
②The problem is_too_difficult for me to settle．
＝The problem is so_difficult that I can’t settle it．
这个问题太难了，我解决不了。
as if ＝ as though “仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句　
(教材P50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
　　It seemed (to sb．) that/as if．．．“(对某人来说)似乎……”。　
(1)as if从句用陈述语气：
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气：
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)；
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)；
③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)。
①Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain．Let’s hurry up．
看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。
②He talks to them as if they were(be) children．
他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)
③He talks about Rome as if he had_been(be) there before．
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)
④He opened his mouth as if he would_say(say) something．
他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)
 品句填词
1．A great number of people suffered(遭受) a great deal in the earthquake．
2．In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought back to life after death(死亡)．
3．A great deal of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods(洪水)．
4．Too much drinking will do damage(伤害) to your health; you should take the doctor’s advice．
5．We should find a shelter(躲避处) from the wind．
6．I wondered if it was an animal caught in a trap(陷阱)．
7．I can’t imagine a life without_electricity(电)．
8．All the listeners were greatly shocked(震惊的) when they heard the terrible news on radio．
9．His parents and his little brother lost their lives in the disaster(灾难)．
10．The well walls had deep cracks(裂缝) before the terrible earthquake happened．
 完成句子
1．我建议你应该待在这儿，好像什么事也没有发生过。
I suggest that you should stay here as_if_nothing_had_happened．
2．这男孩太小了，还不会自己穿衣服
The boy is too_young_to_dress_himself．
3．可怕的地震使整个城市在15秒内变成废墟。
The terrible earthquake_left_the_whole_city_in_ruins_in 15 seconds．
4．面对灾难，我们应该保持积极的心态，为更美好的未来重建家园。
In times of disaster, we should stay_positive_and_rebuild_for_a_brighter_future．
5．我很感激，你把我从困境中解救了出来。
I’m grateful that you have_rescued_me_from the difficult situation．
6．有这么多工作要做，我不能和你一起出去看电影。
With_so_much_work_to_do,_I can’t go out to see a film with you．
 课文语法填空
Strange things happened before Tangshan Earthquake happened．The well walls had deep cracks．Some 1．smelly(smell) gas came out of them．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous 2．to_eat(eat)．At 3：42 3．on the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to shake．4．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end．Steam burst from holes in the ground and hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt．In less than one minute, the whole city lay in 5．ruins(ruin)．Two thirds of people died or were 6．injured(injure)．Everything in the city was destroyed．People were 7．shocked(shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last．The army organized teams to dig out those 8．who were trapped and to bury the dead．Workers built shelters for 9．survivors(survive)．Fresh water was taken to the city．Slowly, the city began to breathe again．With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan 10．was_built(build) upon the earthquake ruins．
 单句语法填空
1．These old people have experienced all kinds of sufferings (suffer) in their difficult times．
2．They treat me as if I were(be) a stranger．
3．Trapped(trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude．
4．I’m shocked(shock) at his determined attitude towards this matter．
5．It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining(ruin) our holiday．
6．Around 540 million people are_affected(affect) by second-hand smoke, which causes 100，000 deaths per year．
7．_Buried(bury) under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened．
8．Though suffering(suffer) such a heavy loss，the boss didn’t lose the courage to go on with his business．
9．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed(destroy)．
10．When it was my turn to express my opinion, I was too nervous to say a word．
 阅读理解
A
Everybody hates rats．But in the earthquake capitals of the world—Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey—rats will soon be man’s new best friends．
What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs．Why? Because they can smell people．Dogs save lives．They help rescuers to find living people．But dogs are big and they can’t get into small spaces．So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives：the rat．
How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people．When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal (信号)．This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals．When the rat’s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive．The rat has smelled that person．
Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better．Christian Linster at Cornell University, New York, says, “Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around．Rats are good at that．” Rats can also see in the dark．They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don’t need electricity!
The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be fantastic．A rat could get into spaces we couldn’t get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn’t safe．” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course)．
【解题导语】　人人痛恨的老鼠不久将在地震后的救援中成为人们的好朋友。
1．In the world earthquake capitals, rats will become man’s best friends because they can ________．
A．take the place of man’s rescue jobs
B．find the position of people alive who are trapped in buildings
C．serve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildings
D．get into small spaces
B　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知，人们利用老鼠来搜寻地震中的被困人员，因此答案为B项。
2．From the third paragraph we know the rescuers can judge a person who is alive by ________．
A．the noise made by the rat
B．the rat’s unusual behaviour
C．the signal sent by the radio on the rat’s back
D．the smell given off by the person
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal(信号)．This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals．”可知答案为C项。
3．In doing rescue jobs, ________．
A．rats smell better than dogs
B．dogs don’t need to be trained to smell people
C．robots’ sense of smell can be affected by other smells around
D．rats can see in the dark and are smaller than robots
C　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around． Rats are good at that．”可知，机器人的嗅觉会受到周围其他气味的影响。
4．Rats have all the following advantages EXCEPT that ________．
A．they are more fantastic than other animals
B．they are less expensive to train than dogs
C．they don’t need electricity
D．they are small and can get into small places
A　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段和倒数第二段内容可知B、C和D项说法正确。A项文章没有提及，故选A。
B
While you might not realize it, the environment where you sleep can make a great difference in the actual quality of sleep that you get every night．With a few simple lifestyle changes, you can create a healthy sleep environment that helps improve your sleep quality．
Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off．Studies show that people who do so are more rested than those who sleep irregularly(不规律地)．
Go to sleep only when you start to feel sleepy．If you don’t fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing．Go back to bed when you are tired．
Pay attention to what you eat and drink．Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed．Your discomfort might keep you up．Avoid caffeine(咖啡因) 6 hours before you sleep．Having a cup of coffee within a few hours of bed time can keep you awake for hours when you are trying to sleep．Coffee isn’t the only product containing caffeine．Avoid chocolate and tea, too．Also limit(限制) how much you drink before bed to prevent trips to the toilet at night．
Many people turn on the TV before they go to bed．TV influences your natural sleep habits by making you stay up longer than you usually would, especially if you are watching something exciting．Instead of turning on the TV, read a book．Light reading before bed can help you fall into a deep sleep quickly．
If you suffer from serious sleep problems, go to your doctor．Your doctor will help treat the problem or may advise you to see a sleep specialist．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。如果你想过健康幸福的生活，睡个好觉是必不可少的。相比睡眠时间长短，睡眠质量有时更为重要。
5．What should you do to make sure you have a good sleep at weekends according to the text?
A．Get up a bit later than usual．
B．Go to bed at a regular time．
C．Watch some relaxing TV programs．
D．Avoid drinking coffee or tea in the day．
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off．”可知，作者建议睡眠要有规律，每天在同一时间睡觉和起床的人休息得会更好，即便是周末也应该这样。
6．What does the author advise you to do if you can’t fall asleep after lying in bed for 15 minutes?
A．To drink some water．
B．To do some light reading．
C．To listen to light music．
D．To get up and relax．
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you don’t fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing．”可知，作者认为，如果你在床上15分钟内睡不着，干脆起床做些放松的事，等自己累了再回到床上睡觉。
7．What does the underlined word “stuffed” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Having slept too much．
B．Having eaten too much．
C．Feeling too sad．
D．Feeling too tired．
B　解析：词义猜测题。第四段主题句是“Pay attention to what you eat and drink．”，后面分别讲述睡觉前该如何吃、喝。“Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed．Your discomfort might keep you up．”这两句是讲睡觉前该怎样吃：睡觉时既不要饿着，也不要吃得太饱。饿着或者吃得太饱时身体会不舒服，这会让你睡不着。由此可知，画线单词stuffed的意思是“吃饱的”。
8．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．What to do before going to bed．
B．The importance of sleeping well．
C．How to improve your sleep quality．
D．The relationship between sleep and lifestyle．
C　解析：主旨大意题。本文就如何改善睡眠质量提供了一些方法。
 完形填空
When I was little, my mom read me a bedtime story almost every night．However, one night, my mom found she had __1__ to read to me, so she __2__ a copy of Charlie Brown’s ’Cyclopedia．She started to read the questions and answers in the book．The book __3__ the knowledge from the human body to the space in a way even a 5-year-old child could __4__．From then on, I couldn’t __5__ to read the next volume(册)．
As I grew older, I read more __6__ of this kind．I read them not because they were as __7__ as stories, but because they offered much knowledge I had never __8__ before．In high school, I was interested in biology, physics and math __9__ politics or computer science．Most students liked travelling or playing outside after __10__．For myself, I was still immersed in(沉浸于) the __11__ of science．I was __12__ to have an excellent biology teacher through high school, who saw my __13__ in biology, and told me that good students like me ended up doing something called “research”．So I __14__ took biotechnology(生物技术) in college．I worked hard in a research lab, which __15__ me a lot in my career．
__16__ I graduated from college, I wanted to __17__ a famous research institute．Luckily, I was __18__．I am always thinking that if my mom had not read the science book to me that night, I could not have become a biologist．So never __19__ every little event! Maybe the event will change your __20__ in life．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。在作者小时候，母亲有一次无意给他读了一本百科全书系列的书籍，这让他喜欢上了科普书籍。这次偶然的事件改变了作者的人生轨迹。
1．A．everything　　　　　 B．nothing
C．something D．anything
B　解析：根据下文的“．．．a copy of Charlie Brown’s’Cyclopedia．She started to read the questions and answers in the book．”可知，母亲发现“没有什么”可以读给作者听的。
2．A．talked about B．wrote about
C．picked up D．held up
C　解析：根据语境可知，于是母亲“挑选”了《查理·布朗的百科全书》这本书。
3．A．explained B．used
C．chose D．divided
A　解析：根据语境可知，这本书用五岁孩子可以理解的方式“解释”了从人体到太空的知识。
4．A．prove B．understand
C．describe D．predict
B　解析：根据语境可知，这本书用五岁孩子可以“理解”的方式解释了从人体到太空的知识。
5．A．expect B．afford
C．wait D．stop
C　解析：根据上下文内容可知，从那以后，作者“等”不及想要读下一册。
6．A．questions B．advertisements
C．stories D．books
D　解析：根据上文的“．．．in the book．”可知，随着年龄的增长，作者读了更多此类的“书”。
7．A．simple B．interesting
C．knowledgeable D．short
B　解析：根据语境可知，作者读这些书并不是因为它们和故事一样“有趣”。
8．A．known B．compared
C．translated D．taught
A　解析：根据语境可知，这些书里有作者以前从不“知道”的知识。
9．A．in addition to B．instead of
C．because of D．in line with
B　解析：根据语境可知，作者高中时对生物、物理和数学感兴趣，“而不是”对政治和计算机科学感兴趣。
10．A．lunch B．dinner
C．research D．school
D　解析：根据上文的“．．．travelling or playing outside．．．”可知，大多数学生喜欢“放学后”游览或在外面玩。
11．A．love B．view
C．moment D．memory
A　解析：根据语境可知，作者却仍然沉浸于对科学的“喜爱”中。
12．A．confused B．upset
C．afraid D．fortunate
D　解析：根据下文的“．．．have an excellent biology teacher through high school．．．”可知，作者很“幸运”高中时有一个非常好的生物老师。
13．A．challenge B．doubt
C．talent D．progress
C　解析：根据语境可知，老师看到了作者在生物方面的“天赋”。
14．A．mistakenly B．finally
C．actually D．wisely
B　解析：根据语境可知，所以“最终”作者大学时选择了生物技术专业。
15．A．helped B．impressed
C．puzzled D．touched
A　解析：根据“I worked hard in a research lab．．．”可知，这对作者的职业生涯“帮助”很大。
16．A．Although B．If
C．After D．Once
C　解析：根据下文的“．．．I graduated from college, I wanted to．．．”可知，大学毕业“后”，作者想要进一家著名的研究所。
17．A．build B．introduce
C．join D．attract
C　解析：根据语境可知，作者想要“加入”一家著名的研究所。
18．A．influenced B．invited
C．forgotten D．accepted
D　解析：根据Luckily可知，作者被“录取”了。
19．A．ignore B．attend
C．judge D．perform
A　解析：根据语境可知，所以不要“忽视”每一件小事！
20．A．state B．luck
C．feeling D．path
D　解析：根据上下文内容可知，也许这件小事会改变你的人生“道路”。

课件46张PPT。UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
 品句填词
1．A great number of people suffered(遭受) a great deal in the earthquake．
2．In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought back to life after death(死亡)．
3．A great deal of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods(洪水)．
4．Too much drinking will do damage(伤害) to your health; you should take the doctor’s advice．
5．We should find a shelter(躲避处) from the wind．
6．I wondered if it was an animal caught in a trap(陷阱)．
7．I can’t imagine a life without_electricity(电)．
8．All the listeners were greatly shocked(震惊的) when they heard the terrible news on radio．
9．His parents and his little brother lost their lives in the disaster(灾难)．
10．The well walls had deep cracks(裂缝) before the terrible earthquake happened．
 完成句子
1．我建议你应该待在这儿，好像什么事也没有发生过。
I suggest that you should stay here as_if_nothing_had_happened．
2．这男孩太小了，还不会自己穿衣服
The boy is too_young_to_dress_himself．
3．可怕的地震使整个城市在15秒内变成废墟。
The terrible earthquake_left_the_whole_city_in_ruins_in 15 seconds．
4．面对灾难，我们应该保持积极的心态，为更美好的未来重建家园。
In times of disaster, we should stay_positive_and_rebuild_for_a_brighter_future．
5．我很感激，你把我从困境中解救了出来。
I’m grateful that you have_rescued_me_from the difficult situation．
6．有这么多工作要做，我不能和你一起出去看电影。
With_so_much_work_to_do,_I can’t go out to see a film with you．
 课文语法填空
Strange things happened before Tangshan Earthquake happened．The well walls had deep cracks．Some 1．smelly(smell) gas came out of them．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous 2．to_eat(eat)．At 3：42 3．on the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to shake．4．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end．Steam burst from holes in the ground and hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt．In less than one minute, the whole city lay in 5．ruins(ruin)．Two thirds of people died or were 6．injured(injure)．Everything in the city was destroyed．People were 7．shocked(shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last．The army organized teams to dig out those 8．who were trapped and to bury the dead．Workers built shelters for 9．survivors(survive)．Fresh water was taken to the city．Slowly, the city began to breathe again．With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan 10．was_built(build) upon the earthquake ruins．
 单句语法填空
1．These old people have experienced all kinds of sufferings (suffer) in their difficult times．
2．They treat me as if I were(be) a stranger．
3．Trapped(trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude．
4．I’m shocked(shock) at his determined attitude towards this matter．
5．It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining(ruin) our holiday．
6．Around 540 million people are_affected(affect) by second-hand smoke, which causes 100，000 deaths per year．
7．_Buried(bury) under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened．
8．Though suffering(suffer) such a heavy loss，the boss didn’t lose the courage to go on with his business．
9．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed(destroy)．
10．When it was my turn to express my opinion, I was too nervous to say a word．
 阅读理解
A
Everybody hates rats．But in the earthquake capitals of the world—Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey—rats will soon be man’s new best friends．
What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs．Why? Because they can smell people．Dogs save lives．They help rescuers to find living people．But dogs are big and they can’t get into small spaces．So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives：the rat．
How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people．When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal (信号)．This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals．When the rat’s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive．The rat has smelled that person．
Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better．Christian Linster at Cornell University, New York, says, “Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around．Rats are good at that．” Rats can also see in the dark．They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don’t need electricity!
The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be fantastic．A rat could get into spaces we couldn’t get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn’t safe．” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course)．
【解题导语】　人人痛恨的老鼠不久将在地震后的救援中成为人们的好朋友。
1．In the world earthquake capitals, rats will become man’s best friends because they can ________．
A．take the place of man’s rescue jobs
B．find the position of people alive who are trapped in buildings
C．serve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildings
D．get into small spaces
B　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知，人们利用老鼠来搜寻地震中的被困人员，因此答案为B项。
2．From the third paragraph we know the rescuers can judge a person who is alive by ________．
A．the noise made by the rat
B．the rat’s unusual behaviour
C．the signal sent by the radio on the rat’s back
D．the smell given off by the person
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal(信号)．This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals．”可知答案为C项。
3．In doing rescue jobs, ________．
A．rats smell better than dogs
B．dogs don’t need to be trained to smell people
C．robots’ sense of smell can be affected by other smells around
D．rats can see in the dark and are smaller than robots
C　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around． Rats are good at that．”可知，机器人的嗅觉会受到周围其他气味的影响。
4．Rats have all the following advantages EXCEPT that ________．
A．they are more fantastic than other animals
B．they are less expensive to train than dogs
C．they don’t need electricity
D．they are small and can get into small places
A　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段和倒数第二段内容可知B、C和D项说法正确。A项文章没有提及，故选A。
B
While you might not realize it, the environment where you sleep can make a great difference in the actual quality of sleep that you get every night．With a few simple lifestyle changes, you can create a healthy sleep environment that helps improve your sleep quality．
Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off．Studies show that people who do so are more rested than those who sleep irregularly(不规律地)．
Go to sleep only when you start to feel sleepy．If you don’t fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing．Go back to bed when you are tired．
Pay attention to what you eat and drink．Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed．Your discomfort might keep you up．Avoid caffeine(咖啡因) 6 hours before you sleep．Having a cup of coffee within a few hours of bed time can keep you awake for hours when you are trying to sleep．Coffee isn’t the only product containing caffeine．Avoid chocolate and tea, too．Also limit(限制) how much you drink before bed to prevent trips to the toilet at night．
Many people turn on the TV before they go to bed．TV influences your natural sleep habits by making you stay up longer than you usually would, especially if you are watching something exciting．Instead of turning on the TV, read a book．Light reading before bed can help you fall into a deep sleep quickly．
If you suffer from serious sleep problems, go to your doctor．Your doctor will help treat the problem or may advise you to see a sleep specialist．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。如果你想过健康幸福的生活，睡个好觉是必不可少的。相比睡眠时间长短，睡眠质量有时更为重要。
5．What should you do to make sure you have a good sleep at weekends according to the text?
A．Get up a bit later than usual．
B．Go to bed at a regular time．
C．Watch some relaxing TV programs．
D．Avoid drinking coffee or tea in the day．
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off．”可知，作者建议睡眠要有规律，每天在同一时间睡觉和起床的人休息得会更好，即便是周末也应该这样。
6．What does the author advise you to do if you can’t fall asleep after lying in bed for 15 minutes?
A．To drink some water．
B．To do some light reading．
C．To listen to light music．
D．To get up and relax．
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you don’t fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing．”可知，作者认为，如果你在床上15分钟内睡不着，干脆起床做些放松的事，等自己累了再回到床上睡觉。
7．What does the underlined word “stuffed” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Having slept too much．
B．Having eaten too much．
C．Feeling too sad．
D．Feeling too tired．
B　解析：词义猜测题。第四段主题句是“Pay attention to what you eat and drink．”，后面分别讲述睡觉前该如何吃、喝。“Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed．Your discomfort might keep you up．”这两句是讲睡觉前该怎样吃：睡觉时既不要饿着，也不要吃得太饱。饿着或者吃得太饱时身体会不舒服，这会让你睡不着。由此可知，画线单词stuffed的意思是“吃饱的”。
8．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．What to do before going to bed．
B．The importance of sleeping well．
C．How to improve your sleep quality．
D．The relationship between sleep and lifestyle．
C　解析：主旨大意题。本文就如何改善睡眠质量提供了一些方法。
 完形填空
When I was little, my mom read me a bedtime story almost every night．However, one night, my mom found she had __1__ to read to me, so she __2__ a copy of Charlie Brown’s ’Cyclopedia．She started to read the questions and answers in the book．The book __3__ the knowledge from the human body to the space in a way even a 5-year-old child could __4__．From then on, I couldn’t __5__ to read the next volume(册)．
As I grew older, I read more __6__ of this kind．I read them not because they were as __7__ as stories, but because they offered much knowledge I had never __8__ before．In high school, I was interested in biology, physics and math __9__ politics or computer science．Most students liked travelling or playing outside after __10__．For myself, I was still immersed in(沉浸于) the __11__ of science．I was __12__ to have an excellent biology teacher through high school, who saw my __13__ in biology, and told me that good students like me ended up doing something called “research”．So I __14__ took biotechnology(生物技术) in college．I worked hard in a research lab, which __15__ me a lot in my career．
__16__ I graduated from college, I wanted to __17__ a famous research institute．Luckily, I was __18__．I am always thinking that if my mom had not read the science book to me that night, I could not have become a biologist．So never __19__ every little event! Maybe the event will change your __20__ in life．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。在作者小时候，母亲有一次无意给他读了一本百科全书系列的书籍，这让他喜欢上了科普书籍。这次偶然的事件改变了作者的人生轨迹。
1．A．everything　　　　　 B．nothing
C．something D．anything
B　解析：根据下文的“．．．a copy of Charlie Brown’s’Cyclopedia．She started to read the questions and answers in the book．”可知，母亲发现“没有什么”可以读给作者听的。
2．A．talked about B．wrote about
C．picked up D．held up
C　解析：根据语境可知，于是母亲“挑选”了《查理·布朗的百科全书》这本书。
3．A．explained B．used
C．chose D．divided
A　解析：根据语境可知，这本书用五岁孩子可以理解的方式“解释”了从人体到太空的知识。
4．A．prove B．understand
C．describe D．predict
B　解析：根据语境可知，这本书用五岁孩子可以“理解”的方式解释了从人体到太空的知识。
5．A．expect B．afford
C．wait D．stop
C　解析：根据上下文内容可知，从那以后，作者“等”不及想要读下一册。
6．A．questions B．advertisements
C．stories D．books
D　解析：根据上文的“．．．in the book．”可知，随着年龄的增长，作者读了更多此类的“书”。
7．A．simple B．interesting
C．knowledgeable D．short
B　解析：根据语境可知，作者读这些书并不是因为它们和故事一样“有趣”。
8．A．known B．compared
C．translated D．taught
A　解析：根据语境可知，这些书里有作者以前从不“知道”的知识。
9．A．in addition to B．instead of
C．because of D．in line with
B　解析：根据语境可知，作者高中时对生物、物理和数学感兴趣，“而不是”对政治和计算机科学感兴趣。
10．A．lunch B．dinner
C．research D．school
D　解析：根据上文的“．．．travelling or playing outside．．．”可知，大多数学生喜欢“放学后”游览或在外面玩。
11．A．love B．view
C．moment D．memory
A　解析：根据语境可知，作者却仍然沉浸于对科学的“喜爱”中。
12．A．confused B．upset
C．afraid D．fortunate
D　解析：根据下文的“．．．have an excellent biology teacher through high school．．．”可知，作者很“幸运”高中时有一个非常好的生物老师。
13．A．challenge B．doubt
C．talent D．progress
C　解析：根据语境可知，老师看到了作者在生物方面的“天赋”。
14．A．mistakenly B．finally
C．actually D．wisely
B　解析：根据语境可知，所以“最终”作者大学时选择了生物技术专业。
15．A．helped B．impressed
C．puzzled D．touched
A　解析：根据“I worked hard in a research lab．．．”可知，这对作者的职业生涯“帮助”很大。
16．A．Although B．If
C．After D．Once
C　解析：根据下文的“．．．I graduated from college, I wanted to．．．”可知，大学毕业“后”，作者想要进一家著名的研究所。
17．A．build B．introduce
C．join D．attract
C　解析：根据语境可知，作者想要“加入”一家著名的研究所。
18．A．influenced B．invited
C．forgotten D．accepted
D　解析：根据Luckily可知，作者被“录取”了。
19．A．ignore B．attend
C．judge D．perform
A　解析：根据语境可知，所以不要“忽视”每一件小事！
20．A．state B．luck
C．feeling D．path
D　解析：根据上下文内容可知，也许这件小事会改变你的人生“道路”。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
supply　n．供应(量)；补给；[pl．]补给品
vt．供应；供给
(教材P52)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country．
向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
(1)school/medical supplies　　 学校用品/医疗用品
(2)supply sth．to sb． 为某人提供某物
supply sb．with sth． 为某人提供某物
①The water supply has been cut off because the workers are repairing the main pipes．
因工人们在修主要管道，水资源供应被切断。
②The Internet supplies a lot of information to us every day．
因特网每天给我们提供很多信息。
③There is no need to worry．We can supply you_with whatever you need．
＝There is no need to worry．We can supply whatever you need to_you．
没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。
survive　vi．生存；存活
vt．幸存；艰难度过
(教材P52)She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake．
她在喂在地震中幸存的婴儿。
(1)A survive B (by)．．．　　 A比B活得长……
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from 从……存活下来，流传下来
(2)survivor n． 幸存者
survival n． [U]幸存；[C]残存物
①Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two survived．
在这次可怕的事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
②The traveler trapped in the lonely island survived on the fish caught in the sea．
被困在孤岛上的那位旅客靠在海里捕到的鱼生存了下来。
③Some strange customs have survived from earlier times．
有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的。
④The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers by ten years．
那位老妇人比她所有的兄弟姐妹晚去世10年。
He was the only survivor in that bad accident, and after the survival, he has been living a happy and healthy life．
关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
用适当的关系代词填空
1．(教材P50)There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls．
2．(教材P50)Two thirds of the people who_lived there were dead or injured．
3．(教材P50)The number of people_who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000．
4．(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead．
5．(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed．
6．(教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador．
　　　　　　定义
1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2．关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。
　　　　　　关系代词的基本用法
1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
◆The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now．　在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。(作主语)
◆Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins．
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
◆Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about．
罗丝是你应该关心的人。
◆The boy (who/whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor．
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。
◆Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government．
任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(修饰人)
◆He lives in a room whose window faces north．
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(修饰物)
[即时演练1]——关系代词填空
①The woman who is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor．
②Those who want to see the film set down your names, please．
③The girl who graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda．
④I like those books whose topics are about history．
⑤The old man whom/who you spoke to is a famous doctor．
4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
◆China is a country which has a long history．
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)
◆The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn’t work．
他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)
◆This is the house in which I once lived．
这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)
5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用which。
◆This is the novel that interests me．
这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)
◆The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost．
我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)
◆The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million．　每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)
关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
[误]The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening．
[正]The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening．
[即时演练2]——关系代词填空
①Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet．
②Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?
③The picture which/that was about the accident was terrible．
　　　　　　关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。
◆Have you taken down everything that Mr．Li said?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
◆All that can be done has been done．
所有能做的都做了。
2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
◆The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben．
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
◆This is the most delicious food that I have ever had．
这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
3．先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
◆I’ve read all the books that are not mine．
我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。
◆The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help．　她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
◆I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday．
我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
◆We often talk about the persons and things that we remember．
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
[即时演练3]——完成句子
①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
This is the most beautiful park that_I_have_visited．
②她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
She took photographs of the things and people that_she_was_interested_in．
③聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。
Chatting was the_only_thing_that interested her most．
 单句语法填空
1．Last weekend my roommates and I talked about the happy days that/which we had in college．
2．Jake used to be a brave boy that/whom/who his teachers always praised．
3．Ann’s parents allowed Ann to help John whose family was poor．
4．They have got a robot that/which can take care of the old and babies．
5．Lucy called her brother that/whom/who she hadn’t spoken to for five years．
6．The firefighter rescued those who were trapped in the lift．
7．I visited the couple last week whose daughter is studying in the United States．
8．It is the most interesting story that I have ever read．
9．There are many things that/which I need to buy before the trip to France．
10．Martin didn’t buy the new cellphone whose price was too high for him．
11．Do you like the film Titanic whose music is very beautiful?
12．I’m not interested in the story that/which is about the trip to the moon．
13．One Hundred Years of Solitude is the most wonderful book that I have read so far．
14．When she came near, I found that she was one of my classmates that/whom/who I had not met since graduation．
15．Today there are lots of video games that/which eat up our time．
16．Lucy likes the woman writer whose books teach her a lot．
17．Johnson is the student whom/who/that his teachers are proud of．
18．I won’t do anything that harms me or my friends forever．
19．All the stories that Mrs．Yang wrote have something to do with teenagers．
20．Alice is one of the girls in our school who have won the prize three times．
 语法与写作
请将下列句子升级为含定语从句的复合句。
1．We are going to interview the writer．His new novel has been well received by the public．
We_are_going_to_interview_the_writer_whose_new_novel_has_been_well_received_by_the_public．
2．The washing machine is out of order．Mrs．Green bought the washing machine a month ago．
The_washing_machine_(that/which)_Mrs．_Green_bought_a_month_ago_is_out_of_order．
3．The police are looking for the little girl．The little girl got lost yesterday．
The_police_are_looking_for_the_little_girl_that/who_got_lost_yesterday．
4．The girl is making a speech under the national flag．The girl is our monitor．
The_girl_who/that_is_making_a_speech_under_the_national_flag_is_our_monitor．
5．They visited Peter yesterday．Peter’s leg was injured in a car accident．
They_visited_Peter_yesterday_whose_leg_was_injured_in_a_car_accident．
6．I value the cellphone．My aunt gave me the cellphone as my birthday gift last weekend．
I_value_the_cellphone_(that/which)_my_aunt_gave_me_as_my_birthday_gift_last_weekend．
7．Susan is clever．Susan’s dream is to become a famous singer．
Susan,_whose_dream_is_to_become_a_famous_singer,_is_clever．
8．Mary can’t believe the news．Tony told her the news just now．
Mary_can’t_believe_the_news_(that/which)_Tony_told_her_just_now．
 阅读理解
A
On Jan．11, a mother named Amy Calhoun had an extremely scaring experience before a neighbor came to help her．After drinking milk and a small amount of juice, her 7-week-old son Oliver began to cry．His mother gently patted(拍打) his back．Then he vomited(呕吐)．The vomit was stuck in Oliver’s nose．He couldn’t breathe．
Calhoun ran downstairs．She laid him on the hard floor and went outside and shouted for help．She tried CPR．She wasn’t doing it right．She went outside and shouted again for help．She turned around．Oliver was blue．His eyes were closed．“He was gone，” she said．The next thing she knew was that a stranger was there．“I don’t even remember seeing him come in，” she said．Marcus Brewer ran to the home．Calhoun was crying．He saw the lifeless baby．“She was just saying, ‘My baby’s dead．’” he said．“That’s all I remember her saying．”
Brewer, a former volunteer firefighter, told her to calm down and tell him what had happened．He picked Oliver up．Oliver’s arms and legs hung loosely．Brewer turned him over and strongly patted his back．He sucked(吸) out the vomit and performed CPR．After a while, Brewer saw Oliver’s dark blue lips shake．And Calhoun heard Oliver cry．Oliver had been brought back to life just before the ambulance arrived．Calhoun and her baby were moved to Medical Center, where the doctors said he was perfectly healthy．
Calhoun thought the incident could be a lesson, and encouraged everyone to learn CPR．“There might be one day when you’ll have to use it to save a loved one or a stranger，” she said．“If it weren’t for him, my son would not be here right now．” As Oliver gets older, she plans to tell him his story．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。一个7周大的婴儿因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸，邻居赶来对其实施急救，从而使婴儿得救。
1．Why did Oliver stop breathing?
A．He drank bad milk and juice．
B．Something harmed his lung．
C．Something was stuck in his nose．
D．His mother wrongly patted him．
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“The vomit was stuck in Oliver’s nose．He couldn’t breathe．”可知，Oliver因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸。
2．Calhoun didn’t notice Brewer come into the home probably because ________．
A．she was calling 911
B．she was lost in great sadness
C．she was doing CPR downstairs
D．she was shouting outside for help
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的描写以及“She was just saying, ‘My baby’s dead，’” he said．“That’s all I remember her saying．”可知，Calhoun当时惊慌失措，十分难过，无暇顾及屋里是否进来陌生人。
3．What’s the RIGHT order of Brewer’s first-aid steps?
A．Turn Oliver over—pat the back—suck out the vomit—perform CPR．
B．Turn Oliver over—perform CPR—suck out the vomit—pat the back．
C．Perform CPR—turn Oliver over—pat the back—suck out the vomit．
D．Turn Oliver over—suck out the vomit—pat the back—perform CPR．
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段Brewer施救的顺序可知答案。
4．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Never Ignore a Stranger’s Help
B．A Neighbor Saved a Baby by CPR
C．How to Perform CPR on Babies
D．A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed
B　解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述陌生邻居如何通过CPR来救人的故事，故B项作标题最佳。
B
Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes．We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage．
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present．The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude(震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6．0．There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website．So, my personal experiences with earthquakes might be considered insignificant．
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget．The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California．As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other．All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes which to us felt like hours．
The second one was in 1963．Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California．The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the_famous_landmark．
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California．It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church．As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside．I remember I said a little prayer—something like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father．” Minutes later, I was safe outside．
【解题导语】　作者回忆了自己经历的三次地震。
5．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about ________．　
A．a new film about an earthquake
B．how to survive an earthquake
C．his three earthquake experiences
D．how to save children in an earthquake
C　解析：写作意图题。作者主要向读者介绍了自己经历的三次地震。
6．The earthquakes the author has experienced ________．
A．all caused bodily harm
B．are all recorded in a website
C．all measured more than 6．0
D．all happened in California
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first one was in 1955．．．in California．”和第四段第二句以及第五段的“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California．”可知答案。
7．When the first earthquake happened, the author ________．
A．was staying with his daughter
B．was planting fruit trees
C．held on to a tree for hours
D．was in a hotel
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句及最后一句的“All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes”可知第一次地震发生时，作者和他的女儿正待在一起。
8．What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer to?
A．A church．
B．Disneyland．
C．A building destroyed by an earthquake．
D．The place where the author was born．
B　解析：推理判断题。根据上文“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland”可知答案。
 七选五
First rains of the season always make everybody happy．However, as it begins to rain often, you will possibly feel bored．1．________ Well, you can do many fun things, which will make the day a truly enjoyable one．
2．________ Take a little time out for yourself．Then take a long walk and watch everything．You can walk in your neighborhood or even take the subway and discover new places in the town．If you like taking pictures, take your camera along with you to catch beautiful moments．
Host a rain dance party! 3．________ It can also be in your backyard．Make sure that the dance floor is hard and even to avoid accidents．Place the stereo(立体声音响) under the roof in case it gets wet．Call your friends and enjoy the party!
Watch and listen to nature．For example, you can take your bike and ride in a green hilly area．4．________ If you can’t go outside your house, sit in the balcony(阳台) with a cup of tea and listen to the sound of water falling on different objects．
There are many things to do on a rainy day．But make sure you take a rain jacket or an umbrella while going out in the rains．5．________ When it comes to preventing you catching a cold in the rains, you can eat a lot of vitamin C, and take a bath once you come back home．
A．Take a walk by yourself．
B．You can stop to buy an ice cream．
C．So how can you have fun on such a rainy day?
D．You can sit on the top of a hill and enjoy the view．
E．You won’t get completely wet and then catch a cold．
F．Have some coffee outside and enjoy the conversation．
G．The dance floor can be near your home’s swimming pool．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何开心地度过雨季。
1．C　解析：该空前说下雨天你会觉得很烦恼，所以如何开心地度过雨天呢？其实你可以做许多开心的事，由此可知C项正确。
2．A　解析：该空为该段的主题句，根据该空后的“Take a little time out for yourself．”以及下文多次提到的walk可知，选项A正确。
3．G　解析：根据空后“It can also be in your backyard．Make sure that the dance floor is hard and even”可知，It指代的是the dance floor，G项中提到“The dance floor”，所以应选G项。
4．D　解析：根据该段的主题句“Watch and listen to nature．”和空前的“For example, you can take your bike and ride in a green hilly area．”可知，D项正确。虽然B项也是以You can开头，但是与本段的主题句“赏雨和听雨”不一致。
5．E　解析：外出的时候记得要带雨衣或雨伞，否则会因淋湿而感冒，由此可知E项符合语境。
 语法填空
Mountain climbing is a sport different from rock climbing．Mountain climbing equipment therefore differs 1．____________ rock climbing equipment sometimes, 2．____________ the two sports do have many pieces of equipment in common．
Perhaps 3．____________ most common piece of mountain climbing equipment is the carabiner, 4．____________ is a metal hook(挂钩) with a gate that opens and closes to make a rope through it．This piece of equipment is used for a variety of purposes, and most 5．____________(climber) have several carabiners on hand during a climb．
Mountain climbers also 6．____________(usual) use a tool called an ice axe(冰镐)．This tool is used for different purposes according to 7．____________(it) design: some ice axes are designed for climbing pieces of ice, and they are used together with another piece of mountain climbing equipment 8．____________(know) as crampons．Crampons have sharp metal teeth that 9．____________(connect) with the climber’s shoes．The ice axes used for climbing often feature a bend in the handle, and people often choose the ice axe that 10．____________(be) narrow and strong enough to be plunged(穿入) into hard ice repeatedly．The teeth of the crampon are also narrow and quite hard for the same purposes．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了几种登山工具。
1．from　解析：考查介词。differ from sth．与……不一样。
2．though/although　解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，登山是一种与攀岩不同的运动。尽管这两项运动的很多装备一样，但还是有些装备不一样。故填though/although。
3．the　解析：考查冠词。因为此空后面是形容词的最高级，故用定冠词the。
4．which　解析：考查关系代词。因为此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且先行词为carabiner，指物，故用关系代词which。
5．climbers　解析：考查名词的数。因为前面是most修饰，且climber是可数名词，故填climbers。
6．usually　解析：考查副词。此处是用来修饰动词use，故用其副词形式，故填usually。
7．its　解析：考查代词。此处it指代前面的This tool，又因为修饰的是名词，故用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
8．known　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是作后置定语，且equipment与know构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
9．are connected　解析：考查动词的语态。因为sharp metal teeth与connect构成动宾关系，故填are connected。
10．is　解析：考查主谓一致。因为主语that指代the ice axe，故谓语动词用单数，故填is。

课件25张PPT。UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
 单句语法填空
1．Last weekend my roommates and I talked about the happy days that/which we had in college．
2．Jake used to be a brave boy that/whom/who his teachers always praised．
3．Ann’s parents allowed Ann to help John whose family was poor．
4．They have got a robot that/which can take care of the old and babies．
5．Lucy called her brother that/whom/who she hadn’t spoken to for five years．
6．The firefighter rescued those who were trapped in the lift．
7．I visited the couple last week whose daughter is studying in the United States．
8．It is the most interesting story that I have ever read．
9．There are many things that/which I need to buy before the trip to France．
10．Martin didn’t buy the new cellphone whose price was too high for him．
11．Do you like the film Titanic whose music is very beautiful?
12．I’m not interested in the story that/which is about the trip to the moon．
13．One Hundred Years of Solitude is the most wonderful book that I have read so far．
14．When she came near, I found that she was one of my classmates that/whom/who I had not met since graduation．
15．Today there are lots of video games that/which eat up our time．
16．Lucy likes the woman writer whose books teach her a lot．
17．Johnson is the student whom/who/that his teachers are proud of．
18．I won’t do anything that harms me or my friends forever．
19．All the stories that Mrs．Yang wrote have something to do with teenagers．
20．Alice is one of the girls in our school who have won the prize three times．
 语法与写作
请将下列句子升级为含定语从句的复合句。
1．We are going to interview the writer．His new novel has been well received by the public．
We_are_going_to_interview_the_writer_whose_new_novel_has_been_well_received_by_the_public．
2．The washing machine is out of order．Mrs．Green bought the washing machine a month ago．
The_washing_machine_(that/which)_Mrs．_Green_bought_a_month_ago_is_out_of_order．
3．The police are looking for the little girl．The little girl got lost yesterday．
The_police_are_looking_for_the_little_girl_that/who_got_lost_yesterday．
4．The girl is making a speech under the national flag．The girl is our monitor．
The_girl_who/that_is_making_a_speech_under_the_national_flag_is_our_monitor．
5．They visited Peter yesterday．Peter’s leg was injured in a car accident．
They_visited_Peter_yesterday_whose_leg_was_injured_in_a_car_accident．
6．I value the cellphone．My aunt gave me the cellphone as my birthday gift last weekend．
I_value_the_cellphone_(that/which)_my_aunt_gave_me_as_my_birthday_gift_last_weekend．
7．Susan is clever．Susan’s dream is to become a famous singer．
Susan,_whose_dream_is_to_become_a_famous_singer,_is_clever．
8．Mary can’t believe the news．Tony told her the news just now．
Mary_can’t_believe_the_news_(that/which)_Tony_told_her_just_now．
 阅读理解
A
On Jan．11, a mother named Amy Calhoun had an extremely scaring experience before a neighbor came to help her．After drinking milk and a small amount of juice, her 7-week-old son Oliver began to cry．His mother gently patted(拍打) his back．Then he vomited(呕吐)．The vomit was stuck in Oliver’s nose．He couldn’t breathe．
Calhoun ran downstairs．She laid him on the hard floor and went outside and shouted for help．She tried CPR．She wasn’t doing it right．She went outside and shouted again for help．She turned around．Oliver was blue．His eyes were closed．“He was gone，” she said．The next thing she knew was that a stranger was there．“I don’t even remember seeing him come in，” she said．Marcus Brewer ran to the home．Calhoun was crying．He saw the lifeless baby．“She was just saying, ‘My baby’s dead．’” he said．“That’s all I remember her saying．”
Brewer, a former volunteer firefighter, told her to calm down and tell him what had happened．He picked Oliver up．Oliver’s arms and legs hung loosely．Brewer turned him over and strongly patted his back．He sucked(吸) out the vomit and performed CPR．After a while, Brewer saw Oliver’s dark blue lips shake．And Calhoun heard Oliver cry．Oliver had been brought back to life just before the ambulance arrived．Calhoun and her baby were moved to Medical Center, where the doctors said he was perfectly healthy．
Calhoun thought the incident could be a lesson, and encouraged everyone to learn CPR．“There might be one day when you’ll have to use it to save a loved one or a stranger，” she said．“If it weren’t for him, my son would not be here right now．” As Oliver gets older, she plans to tell him his story．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。一个7周大的婴儿因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸，邻居赶来对其实施急救，从而使婴儿得救。
1．Why did Oliver stop breathing?
A．He drank bad milk and juice．
B．Something harmed his lung．
C．Something was stuck in his nose．
D．His mother wrongly patted him．
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“The vomit was stuck in Oliver’s nose．He couldn’t breathe．”可知，Oliver因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸。
2．Calhoun didn’t notice Brewer come into the home probably because ________．
A．she was calling 911
B．she was lost in great sadness
C．she was doing CPR downstairs
D．she was shouting outside for help
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的描写以及“She was just saying, ‘My baby’s dead，’” he said．“That’s all I remember her saying．”可知，Calhoun当时惊慌失措，十分难过，无暇顾及屋里是否进来陌生人。
3．What’s the RIGHT order of Brewer’s first-aid steps?
A．Turn Oliver over—pat the back—suck out the vomit—perform CPR．
B．Turn Oliver over—perform CPR—suck out the vomit—pat the back．
C．Perform CPR—turn Oliver over—pat the back—suck out the vomit．
D．Turn Oliver over—suck out the vomit—pat the back—perform CPR．
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段Brewer施救的顺序可知答案。
4．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Never Ignore a Stranger’s Help
B．A Neighbor Saved a Baby by CPR
C．How to Perform CPR on Babies
D．A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed
B　解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述陌生邻居如何通过CPR来救人的故事，故B项作标题最佳。
B
Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes．We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage．
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present．The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude(震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6．0．There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website．So, my personal experiences with earthquakes might be considered insignificant．
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget．The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California．As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other．All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes which to us felt like hours．
The second one was in 1963．Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California．The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the_famous_landmark．
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California．It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church．As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside．I remember I said a little prayer—something like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father．” Minutes later, I was safe outside．
【解题导语】　作者回忆了自己经历的三次地震。
5．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about ________．　
A．a new film about an earthquake
B．how to survive an earthquake
C．his three earthquake experiences
D．how to save children in an earthquake
C　解析：写作意图题。作者主要向读者介绍了自己经历的三次地震。
6．The earthquakes the author has experienced ________．
A．all caused bodily harm
B．are all recorded in a website
C．all measured more than 6．0
D．all happened in California
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first one was in 1955．．．in California．”和第四段第二句以及第五段的“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California．”可知答案。
7．When the first earthquake happened, the author ________．
A．was staying with his daughter
B．was planting fruit trees
C．held on to a tree for hours
D．was in a hotel
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句及最后一句的“All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes”可知第一次地震发生时，作者和他的女儿正待在一起。
8．What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer to?
A．A church．
B．Disneyland．
C．A building destroyed by an earthquake．
D．The place where the author was born．
B　解析：推理判断题。根据上文“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland”可知答案。
 七选五
First rains of the season always make everybody happy．However, as it begins to rain often, you will possibly feel bored．1．________ Well, you can do many fun things, which will make the day a truly enjoyable one．
2．________ Take a little time out for yourself．Then take a long walk and watch everything．You can walk in your neighborhood or even take the subway and discover new places in the town．If you like taking pictures, take your camera along with you to catch beautiful moments．
Host a rain dance party! 3．________ It can also be in your backyard．Make sure that the dance floor is hard and even to avoid accidents．Place the stereo(立体声音响) under the roof in case it gets wet．Call your friends and enjoy the party!
Watch and listen to nature．For example, you can take your bike and ride in a green hilly area．4．________ If you can’t go outside your house, sit in the balcony(阳台) with a cup of tea and listen to the sound of water falling on different objects．
There are many things to do on a rainy day．But make sure you take a rain jacket or an umbrella while going out in the rains．5．________ When it comes to preventing you catching a cold in the rains, you can eat a lot of vitamin C, and take a bath once you come back home．
A．Take a walk by yourself．
B．You can stop to buy an ice cream．
C．So how can you have fun on such a rainy day?
D．You can sit on the top of a hill and enjoy the view．
E．You won’t get completely wet and then catch a cold．
F．Have some coffee outside and enjoy the conversation．
G．The dance floor can be near your home’s swimming pool．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何开心地度过雨季。
1．C　解析：该空前说下雨天你会觉得很烦恼，所以如何开心地度过雨天呢？其实你可以做许多开心的事，由此可知C项正确。
2．A　解析：该空为该段的主题句，根据该空后的“Take a little time out for yourself．”以及下文多次提到的walk可知，选项A正确。
3．G　解析：根据空后“It can also be in your backyard．Make sure that the dance floor is hard and even”可知，It指代的是the dance floor，G项中提到“The dance floor”，所以应选G项。
4．D　解析：根据该段的主题句“Watch and listen to nature．”和空前的“For example, you can take your bike and ride in a green hilly area．”可知，D项正确。虽然B项也是以You can开头，但是与本段的主题句“赏雨和听雨”不一致。
5．E　解析：外出的时候记得要带雨衣或雨伞，否则会因淋湿而感冒，由此可知E项符合语境。
 语法填空
Mountain climbing is a sport different from rock climbing．Mountain climbing equipment therefore differs 1．____________ rock climbing equipment sometimes, 2．____________ the two sports do have many pieces of equipment in common．
Perhaps 3．____________ most common piece of mountain climbing equipment is the carabiner, 4．____________ is a metal hook(挂钩) with a gate that opens and closes to make a rope through it．This piece of equipment is used for a variety of purposes, and most 5．____________(climber) have several carabiners on hand during a climb．
Mountain climbers also 6．____________(usual) use a tool called an ice axe(冰镐)．This tool is used for different purposes according to 7．____________(it) design: some ice axes are designed for climbing pieces of ice, and they are used together with another piece of mountain climbing equipment 8．____________(know) as crampons．Crampons have sharp metal teeth that 9．____________(connect) with the climber’s shoes．The ice axes used for climbing often feature a bend in the handle, and people often choose the ice axe that 10．____________(be) narrow and strong enough to be plunged(穿入) into hard ice repeatedly．The teeth of the crampon are also narrow and quite hard for the same purposes．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了几种登山工具。
1．from　解析：考查介词。differ from sth．与……不一样。
2．though/although　解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，登山是一种与攀岩不同的运动。尽管这两项运动的很多装备一样，但还是有些装备不一样。故填though/although。
3．the　解析：考查冠词。因为此空后面是形容词的最高级，故用定冠词the。
4．which　解析：考查关系代词。因为此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且先行词为carabiner，指物，故用关系代词which。
5．climbers　解析：考查名词的数。因为前面是most修饰，且climber是可数名词，故填climbers。
6．usually　解析：考查副词。此处是用来修饰动词use，故用其副词形式，故填usually。
7．its　解析：考查代词。此处it指代前面的This tool，又因为修饰的是名词，故用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
8．known　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是作后置定语，且equipment与know构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
9．are connected　解析：考查动词的语态。因为sharp metal teeth与connect构成动宾关系，故填are connected。
10．is　解析：考查主谓一致。因为主语that指代the ice axe，故谓语动词用单数，故填is。

Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
重点单词
写作词汇
1．tap[t?p]vi．& vt．　　　　　 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
n． 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
2．whistle['wIsl]vi． 吹口哨；发出笛声
vt． 吹口哨
n． 哨子(声)；呼啸声
3．emergency[i'm??d??nsi] n． 突发事件；紧急情况
4．calm[kɑ?m]adj． 镇静的；沉着的
vt． 使平静；使镇静
5．aid[eId] n． 援助；帮助；救援物资
vi．& vt．(formal) 帮助；援助
6．crash[kr??] vt．& vi．　　　　 碰撞；撞击
n． 撞车；碰撞
7．sweep[swi?p]vt．& vi．(swept, swept) 打扫；清扫
8．wave[weIv]n． 海浪；波浪
vi．& vt． 挥手；招手
9．strike[straIk]vi．& vt．(struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打
n． 罢工；罢课；袭击
10．deliver[dI'lIv?(r)]vt．& vi． 递送；传达
vt． 发表
拓展词汇
11．erupt[I'r?pt]vi．& vt．(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
12．power['pa??(r)]n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj．强大的；有力的→powerless adj．无力的；没有能力的
13．effect[I'fekt]n．影响；结果；效果→effective adj．有效果的
14．length[le?θ]n．长；长度→long adj．长的
阅读词汇
15．kit[kIt]n．　　　　　　　　 成套工具；成套设备
16．pipe[paIp]n． 管子；管道
17．summary['s?m?ri]n．　　　　 总结；概括；概要
18．Thailand['taIl?nd] 泰国
重点短语
1．in_the_open_air 　　　　　 　　　 露天；在户外
2．on_hand 现有(尤指帮助)
3．sweep_away 消灭；彻底消除
4．put_up 搭建，举起，张贴
5．stay_calm　　　　　　　　　　 保持冷静
6．in_danger 处境危险
7．first_of_all 首先
8．as_many_as 多达
重点句型
1．v．-ing结构作结果状语：The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing_more_than_6，500_people(使6 500多人丧生) in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries．
2．be doing sth．when．．．正在做某事这时……：I was_having_breakfast_with_my_three_children_when(正在与我的三个孩子一起吃早饭这时) water started filling my home．
3．make it＋adj．＋to do sth．中it为形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语：However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make_it_difficult_to_deliver_food_and_supplies(使运送食物和物资变得困难)．
Read the passage on Page 54 and then choose the best answer．
1．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Something about the most powerful tsunami in Asia．
B．The cause of the most powerful tsunami in Asia．
C．The loss of the most powerful tsunami in Asia．
D．How to rescue ourselves in times of disaster．
2．What caused the tsunami?
A．Hurricane．　　　　　 B．Typhoon．
C．Flood． D．Earthquake．
3．What is the magnitude of the earthquake that happened on December 27, 2004?
A．7．0． B．9．0．
C．7．5． D．6．0．
4．Why were food and supplies hard to deliver?
A．Because there were not enough food and supplies．
B．Because rescue teams dared not go．
C．Because conditions were hard and roads were destroyed．
D．Because governments didn’t organize rescue teams．
答案：1－4.ADBC
power　n．能力；力量；权力
(佳句背诵)As is known to us, knowledge is power．
众所周知，知识就是力量。
(1)have the power to do sth．　　 具有做某事的能力
come to power 上台；执政(动作)
be in power 执政；掌权(状态)
beyond one’s power 力所不能及的
(2)powerful adj． 强有力的
①There was a time when the girl lost the power of speech．
曾经有一段时间，这个女孩不能说话。
②It is two years since the party came to power．
＝The party has_been_in_power for two years．
这个政党执政两年了。
③It is beyond_my_power to finish the task in two hours．
两个小时结束这项工作，超出了我的能力范围。
④I do believe that encouragement is so powerful(power) that it can change a person．
我相信鼓励是如此强大，它可以改变一个人。
calm　 vt．& vi．(使)平静；(使)镇定
adj．平静的；镇静的；沉着的
(佳句背诵)I wonder if you can help me to calm the little boy down．
不知道您能否帮我让这个小男孩平静下来。
(1)calm down　　　　　　 平静下来
calm sb．down 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来
(2)keep calm 保持镇静
①The excited football fans calmed down at last．
激动的足球迷们最终平静了下来。
②Calm_yourself_down；there is no need to feel upset about it．
让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。
③It is important to keep_calm in face of danger．
在面临危险时，保持镇静是重要的。
aid　n．& vt．帮助；援助；资助
(佳句背诵)I couldn’t speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go．
我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。
(1)give first aid to sb．　　　　 对某人急救
with the aid of 在……的帮助下
come to one’s aid 来帮助某人
(2)aid sb．in (doing) sth． 帮助某人(做)某事
aid sb．with sth． 以某事/物帮助某人
aid sb．to do sth． 帮助某人做某事
①With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform first aid．　在老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。
②I’d be very grateful if you can aid me with my English．
如果你能帮助我学习英语我将不胜感激。
③He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother to_clean(clean) the house．　他是一个如此善良的男孩，他经常帮助他的母亲打扫房子。
wave　n．波浪，波涛；挥手
v．波动；起伏；挥手
(教材P54)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9．0．　渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被9级地震引起的巨浪卷走了。
wave goodbye to sb．　　　　 向某人挥手告别
 向某人挥手
①She refused my suggestion with a wave of her hand．
她摆摆手拒绝了我的建议。
②He gave us a wave as the bus drove off．
＝He waved to us as the bus drove off．
公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。
③The policeman waved to the driver to_stop(stop)．
警察挥手示意司机停车(停止)。
strike　vi．& vt．(struck；struck/stricken)打；撞击；罢工；突然想到；打动，迷住；(钟) 敲；侵袭　n．罢工
[一词多义]——写出下列句中strike的含义
①The clock struck twelve when I got home last night． (钟)敲
② A terrible earthquake did strike the northeast of Japan on March 11． 侵袭
③A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper． 突然想到
④The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake． 打动，迷住
(1)be struck by．．．　　　　　　 被……打动
 某人突然想起……
(2)be/go on strike 举行罢工
⑤It_suddenly_struck/hit_me_that I should pay a visit to my teacher．
我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。
deliver　vt．递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)
(佳句背诵)Everyone who is willing to take part will be given 3 minutes to deliver his speech．
每个愿意参加的人都有3分钟的时间来发表演讲。
deliver sth．to　　　　　 投递/运送某物给……
deliver a speech 发表演说
①It was very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning．
你考虑得非常周到，每天早上把牛奶送到我们家门口。
②Hans was asked to_deliver(deliver) a speech on the graduation in Harvard University．
汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。
③I wonder why you refused to_deliver(deliver) my letters to my home last week．
我想知道上周你为什么拒绝把我的信送到我家。
effect 　n．结果；效力
(佳句背诵)While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive．
虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活，但不是所有的影响都是积极的。
(1)have an effect on/upon　　　　 对……产生影响
come into effect 生效
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj． 有效的；有影响的
①The measures taken by the local government will come into effect next month．
当地政府采取的措施将下月生效。
②There is no doubt that reading books can have a good effect on the children．
不可否认，读书会对儿童有良好的影响。
③In my opinion, go outdoors and play team games with your friends，which is an effective(effect) way to get rid of anger．
在我看来，和你的朋友去户外玩团队游戏，这是一个摆脱愤怒的有效的方式。
v．-ing结构作结果状语
(教材P54)The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries．
在过去的四十年里，最强大的地震引发的一次海啸在昨日撞向亚洲的海岸线，使印尼、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少其他四个国家的 6 500多人丧生。
　　killing more than 6，500 people．．．为v．-ing结构作结果状语。
(1)现在分词作结果状语常表示意料之内、情理之中的结果。
(2)不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
①I have learned you are trying to lose weight, hoping to become more beautiful．
我得知你在努力减肥，希望变得更漂亮。
②Her parents died in the earthquake, leaving(leave) her an orphan．
她父母死于地震，使她成为孤儿。
③He hurried to the theatre, only to_find(find) that the tickets had been sold out．
他赶到剧院，却发现票已经卖完了。
be doing sth．when．．．正在做某事这时……
(教材P54)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home．
我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐这时家里开始充满了水。
　　when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型有：
be doing．．．when．．．　　　 正在做……，就在这时……
be about to do．．．when．．． 正要做……，就在这时……
had just done．．．when．．． 刚做过……这时……
①The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened．
这个男人正在楼下睡觉，这时地震发生了。
②We were_having(have) a meeting when someone broke in．
当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。
③I had just come out of the kitchen when someone knocked at the door．
我刚从厨房出来，就有人敲门。
④We were about to set out when it began to rain．
我们正要动身，这时开始下雨了。
 品句填词
1．It is very important to keep calm(镇静的) when an earthquake breaks out．
2．Global warming is having a great effect(影响) on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world．
3．They waved(挥手) to us to stay where we were．
4．You have the_power(能力) to live it well．
5．You are likely to sing or whistle(吹口哨) when you are happy．
6．It was said that the typhoon(台风) had caused a lot of damage．
7．In the city, the water_pipes(管道)in some buildings cracked and burst．
8．What I did was (to) turn off the_tap(水龙头)．
9．The project was finished with the aid/help(帮助) of several students．
10．I’m very glad that you can write me a summary(概要) of this report．
 选词填空
go through; sweep away; in shock; in the open air; put up; on hand
1．They had to sleep in_the_open_air after the earthquake．
2．Always have your dictionary_on_hand_when you study．
3．I looked at my husband in_shock，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything．
4．We don’t clean the house for a few days, because we don’t want to sweep_away good luck．
5．A week before Earth Day, posters were_put_up around our school, calling on us to join in the actions for a greener earth．
6．He must have gone_through many difficulties before he succeeded．
 完成句子
1．她丈夫十年前去世了，留下她和三个孩子需要照顾。
Her husband died ten years ago, leaving_her_with_three_children_to_look_after．
2．我正要放弃的时候，我最好的朋友鼓励我继续。
I was_about_to_give_up_when my best friend encouraged me to go on．
3．我突然想到我应该给妈妈买一条项链作为生日礼物。
It_hit/struck_me_that_I should buy a necklace for my mother as a birthday gift．
4．在火车站，母亲向女儿挥手告别，直到看不见火车为止。
At the railway station, the mother waved_goodbye_to_her_daughter until the train was out of sight．
5．我们发现在现代社会学习一门外语是很有必要的。
We find_it_necessary_to_learn a foreign language in modern society．
 单句语法填空
1．To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture delivered(deliver) by a professor from the UK．
2．What’s more，it is another effective(effect) way to deal with the problem．
3．They felt it difficult to_finish(finish) the work in such a short time．
4．Today the number of people learning English in China is_increasing(increase) rapidly．
5．A wonderful idea struck(strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street．
6．The dustman swept(sweep) up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday．
7．The length(long) of the article should be about 800 words．
8．I was_having(have) a discussion with my friend about how to improve my English when my mother called me．
9．It was reported that as many as 157 people died at the air crash．
10．Several hours later，the little boy was rescued with the aid of the police．
 阅读理解
A
Wanda Butts dropped the phone and screamed when she heard the news that her son was dead．
Josh had drowned(溺亡) while sailing on a lake with his friends．The 16-year-old didn’t know how to swim, and he wasn’t wearing a life jacket．
Josh was not alone in the black community．According to USA Swimming, 70% of African-American children cannot swim．According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, African-American children between the ages of 5 and 14 are three times more likely to drown than white children in the same age range(范围)．
In 2007, Butts started the Josh Project, a non-profit organization(非营利组织) that provides low-cost swimming lessons for children in Toledo, Ohio．The swimming lessons take place at a local high school over four Saturdays for a total cost of $10．
To date, the Josh Project has helped more than 1，000 children learn how to swim．
“The public pools near our home were closed, and other places were not affordable，” said Lisa Haynes, whose 14-year-old son, Joshua, is one of 60-plus students in the Josh Project this summer．
“I am less worried if Joshua is near water because he has the basics of how to swim，” Haynes said．“And we’re thankful for that．”
Butts is doing much more, however, than just providing swimming lessons．
“She ups the awareness(意识)，” said Shaun Anderson, a swimming coach who was so inspired by her story that he created a Josh Project swimming program at Norfolk State University．“Once these communities learn how to swim, they will pass it down, which results in future generations(代) knowing how to swim．”
Butts said she has two wishes for the future: One is to change the drowning numbers of African-American children, and the other is to have a swimming center where the children can swim daily instead of just once a week．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。因为一次溺水事件失去儿子的Wanda Butts创建了一个教非裔美国儿童学习游泳的非营利组织。
1．What led to Josh’s drowning?
A．He was poor in boating skills．
B．He gave his life jacket to a friend．
C．He was never taught swimming skills．
D．He was careless when swimming in the lake．
C　解析：细节理解题。由第二段可知，因为不会游泳且未穿救生衣，Josh在湖中与朋友们乘船航行时溺亡。
2．Why did the author list the numbers in Paragraph 3?
A．To show children under 14 are more likely to drown．
B．To argue children should learn swimming at a very young age．
C．To show many African-American children lack swimming skills．
D．To introduce the difference between African-American and white children．
C　解析：推理判断题。第三段主旨句为第一句，即Josh的情况在美国非裔群体中并不罕见。接下来作者引用两个组织提供的数据来支持这个说法，70%的非裔美国儿童不会游泳，且在5到14岁年龄段的儿童之中，非裔美国儿童溺亡的人数要比白人儿童高出几倍。因此，这些数据是为了说明非裔美国儿童当中有许多人都不会游泳。
3．What can we learn about the Josh Project?
A．It has its own swimming pools．
B．It provides lessons only in summer．
C．It serves children aged from 5 to 14．
D．Its swimming lessons take place once a week．
D　解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“The swimming lessons．．．four Saturdays”以及最后一段中的“where the children．．．just once a week”可知，该组织每周六开设游泳课程，即一周一次。
4．What did Lisa Haynes think of the swimming lessons the Josh Project provides?
A．Expensive．　　　　 B．Helpful．
C．Interesting． D．Difficult．
B　解析：推理判断题。由倒数第四段中Haynes所说的话可知，她的儿子通过游泳课程学会了基本的游泳技能，她对此很感激。因此可推断，Haynes认为该公益组织开设的游泳课程很有用。
B
Koalas are listed as an endangered species in New South Wales, Australia．Now the state’s government has a $34－million plan to protect the beloved animals．
Koalas have large and hairy ears．They have especially sharp claws, which help them climb trees．They are marsupials, meaning they carry their babies in an opening of skin on the mother’s stomach．The animals are native to Australia, and are described in many local stories of creation．
Over the last 20 years, the koala population in New South Wales has fallen by 25 percent．About 36，000 koalas remain．The number of koalas has fallen in other parts of Australia, too．
As part of its plan, the government of New South Wales is setting aside nearly 25，000 hectares of forest where koalas will be able to breed(繁殖) freely．It will also add more signs to help car drivers avoid koalas that walk into roadways．And, the state will build specially－made bridges so that koalas and other wildlife can cross roads while avoiding cars and trucks．
Koalas face several threats(威胁), including loss of habitat because of land－clearing, dog attacks and heat waves．A kind of disease called chlamydia is also harming koalas’ health．Gabrielle Upton is the environment minister of New South Wales．She said researchers are testing a vaccine(疫苗) that would protect the koalas against it．
A new koala hospital will open in Port Stephens, north of Sydney．It will join an already existing hospital in the New South Wales town of Port Macquarie, which began treating injured marsupials in the 1970s．Conservationists have welcomed the idea of opening a second hospital．However, they argue that the government’s multi－million dollar plan does not deal with the biggest threat to koalas．Koalas live in trees．They feed on plants and need forest environments to survive．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。考拉是澳大利亚特有的动物，但是它们的数量在减少，New South Wales就面临这样的问题。
5．What do we learn about koalas?
A．They are small in size．
B．They are in danger of disappearing．
C．They carry their babies on the back．
D．They like looking for food on the land．
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Koalas are listed as an endangered species in New South Wales, Australia．Now the state’s government has a $34－million plan to protect the beloved animals．可知，考拉濒临灭绝。
6．What will the government of New South Wales do?
A．Help plant more trees for koalas．
B．Build roadways especially for koalas．
C．Help car drivers avoid hitting koalas．
D．Build bridges to help people safely cross roads．
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的It will also add more signs to help car drivers avoid koalas that walk into roadways．可知，新南威尔士政府会增加很多标识帮助司机避免撞到考拉。
7．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．The vaccine to prevent chlamydia．
B．The disease called chlamydia．
C．The harm to koalas’ health．
D．Koalas’ losing habitats．
B　解析：代词指代题。根据第五段中的A kind of disease called chlamydia is also harming koalas’ health．Gabrielle Upton is the environment minister of New South Wales．She said researchers are testing a vaccine．．．可知，it指代的是前面提到的那种病。
8．What may be the biggest threat to Koalas?
A．Land－clearing．
B．Dog attacks．
C．Heat waves．
D．Chlamydia．
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的However, they argue that the government’s multi－million dollar plan does not deal with the biggest threat to koalas．Koalas live in trees．They feed on plants and need forest environments to survive．可推断，最大的威胁是由土地开垦引发的栖息地消失。
 完形填空
When my life was quickly falling out of my hands, I felt helpless．I needed to find a way out．
It all began when I moved away from Pennsylvania and could’t __1__ it was something my parents had to do．I was angry with them, which didn’t __2__ most of the time．So I made friends and was out on school nights, planning on not going to school __3__ I thought I had better things to do．I had poor __4__ as time passed．I __5__ to drop out of school．
Seeing what I was doing, my friends __6__．We went on a trip, not __7__ losing our education or love from our parents．We thought it __8__ to be on our own until we ran out of money for our __9__．
Then, I got a full-time job, which didn’t last long．I couldn’t __10__ being told what I had to do with my work．I rebelled(反抗) and got __11__．Once again, I didn’t __12__．Then, I began to get in trouble and was __13__ many times by the police．__14__，I went home, trying to figure out(弄明白) my __15__．
Weeks went by while I stayed home．I wanted my life back to normal．
I decided to devote myself to my __16__ and I also got a part-time job．I began to do well, but I knew it wouldn’t be __17__ in a day．It took me a while to live a normal high school life．I was __18__ of doing it on my own．I turned myself around because I knew I had a __19__ lifestyle．I needed time to __20__ myself．Here I am now, a senior, waiting for graduation．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中学时曾经学坏的作者痛定思痛，决定痛改前非，回到正常的人生轨道上来。
1．A．realize　　　　　　　 B．imagine
C．understand D．judge
C　解析：根据下文“I was angry with them”可知，作者对父母为什么要搬家这件事一直不理解。
2．A．last B．stop
C．improve D．help
D　解析：由下文“So I made friends and was out on school nights, planning on not going to school”可知，对父母生气也于事无补。
3．A．if B．so
C．unless D．because
D　解析：空格前后内容之间存在因果关系。
4．A．grades B．memories
C．health D．taste
A　解析：根据上文“planning on not going to school”及下文“to drop out of school”可知，由于经常逃学，作者成绩不好。
5．A．feared B．decided
C．hated D．begged
B　解析：由上文“planning on not going to school”以及下文“We went on a trip”可知，作者决定辍学。
6．A．left B．shocked
C．followed D．appeared
C　解析：从下文“We went on a trip”可知，看到作者辍学了，朋友也加入了辍学的行列。
7．A．caring about B．talking about
C．believing in D．feeling like
A　解析：根据下文“We thought it ______ to be on our own”可知，作者和朋友不再关心学业和父母的担心，跑去旅游了。
8．A．difficult B．necessary
C．lucky D．great
D　解析：根据下文“until we ran out of money”可知，直到钱花光之前作者一直觉得这种独立的感觉还不错。
9．A．experiences B．matches
C．researches D．trips
D　解析：由上文“We went on a trip”可知，作者和朋友在旅途中把钱都花光了。
10．A．stand B．avoid
C．escape D．risk
A　解析：根据下文“I rebelled(反抗)”可知，作者忍受不了工作中有人告诉他应该做什么。
11．A．caught B．fired
C．injured D．changed
B　解析：根据上文“I got a full-time job, which didn’t last long”可知，作者被解雇了。
12．A．mind B．know
C．accept D．win
A　解析：从下文“Then, I began to get in trouble”可知，作者对被解雇这件事不在意，就像不在意辍学一样。
13．A．attacked B．encouraged
C．protected D．warned
D　解析：根据下文“many times by the police”及“I went home”可知，作者被警察警告过很多次。
14．A．Hopefully B．Finally
C．Luckily D．Suddenly
B　解析：由下文“I went home, trying to figure out(弄明白)”可知，被警察多次警告过后，作者最终回家。
15．A．choices B．ways
C．problems D．answers
C　解析：根据下文“I wanted my life back to normal．”可知，作者待在家里想弄明白自己的问题。
16．A．training B．study
C．travelling D．business
B　解析：从下文“It took me a while to live a normal high school life．”可知，作者全身心投入到学习中。
17．A．ready B．successful
C．perfect D．safe
C　解析：根据上文“I began to do well, but I knew”可知，作者明白这个道理：一天之内不可能变完美。
18．A．careful B．proud
C．tired D．afraid
B　解析：由上文“It took me a while to live a normal high school life．”及下文“doing it on my own”可知，作者花了一段时间努力过回以前正常的学校生活，对此感到很自豪。
19．A．happy B．different
C．wrong D．busy
C　解析：根据上文“I turned myself around”可知，作者知道自己以前的生活方式是错误的。
20．A．find B．enjoy
C．teach D．forget
A　解析：由上文“I began to do well, but I knew it wouldn’t be ______ in a day．”可知，作者想给自己时间找回自我。

课件37张PPT。UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
 品句填词
1．It is very important to keep calm(镇静的) when an earthquake breaks out．
2．Global warming is having a great effect(影响) on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world．
3．They waved(挥手) to us to stay where we were．
4．You have the_power(能力) to live it well．
5．You are likely to sing or whistle(吹口哨) when you are happy．
6．It was said that the typhoon(台风) had caused a lot of damage．
7．In the city, the water_pipes(管道)in some buildings cracked and burst．
8．What I did was (to) turn off the_tap(水龙头)．
9．The project was finished with the aid/help(帮助) of several students．
10．I’m very glad that you can write me a summary(概要) of this report．
 选词填空
go through; sweep away; in shock; in the open air; put up; on hand
1．They had to sleep in_the_open_air after the earthquake．
2．Always have your dictionary_on_hand_when you study．
3．I looked at my husband in_shock，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything．
4．We don’t clean the house for a few days, because we don’t want to sweep_away good luck．
5．A week before Earth Day, posters were_put_up around our school, calling on us to join in the actions for a greener earth．
6．He must have gone_through many difficulties before he succeeded．
 完成句子
1．她丈夫十年前去世了，留下她和三个孩子需要照顾。
Her husband died ten years ago, leaving_her_with_three_children_to_look_after．
2．我正要放弃的时候，我最好的朋友鼓励我继续。
I was_about_to_give_up_when my best friend encouraged me to go on．
3．我突然想到我应该给妈妈买一条项链作为生日礼物。
It_hit/struck_me_that_I should buy a necklace for my mother as a birthday gift．
4．在火车站，母亲向女儿挥手告别，直到看不见火车为止。
At the railway station, the mother waved_goodbye_to_her_daughter until the train was out of sight．
5．我们发现在现代社会学习一门外语是很有必要的。
We find_it_necessary_to_learn a foreign language in modern society．
 单句语法填空
1．To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture delivered(deliver) by a professor from the UK．
2．What’s more，it is another effective(effect) way to deal with the problem．
3．They felt it difficult to_finish(finish) the work in such a short time．
4．Today the number of people learning English in China is_increasing(increase) rapidly．
5．A wonderful idea struck(strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street．
6．The dustman swept(sweep) up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday．
7．The length(long) of the article should be about 800 words．
8．I was_having(have) a discussion with my friend about how to improve my English when my mother called me．
9．It was reported that as many as 157 people died at the air crash．
10．Several hours later，the little boy was rescued with the aid of the police．
 阅读理解
A
Wanda Butts dropped the phone and screamed when she heard the news that her son was dead．
Josh had drowned(溺亡) while sailing on a lake with his friends．The 16-year-old didn’t know how to swim, and he wasn’t wearing a life jacket．
Josh was not alone in the black community．According to USA Swimming, 70% of African-American children cannot swim．According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, African-American children between the ages of 5 and 14 are three times more likely to drown than white children in the same age range(范围)．
In 2007, Butts started the Josh Project, a non-profit organization(非营利组织) that provides low-cost swimming lessons for children in Toledo, Ohio．The swimming lessons take place at a local high school over four Saturdays for a total cost of $10．
To date, the Josh Project has helped more than 1，000 children learn how to swim．
“The public pools near our home were closed, and other places were not affordable，” said Lisa Haynes, whose 14-year-old son, Joshua, is one of 60-plus students in the Josh Project this summer．
“I am less worried if Joshua is near water because he has the basics of how to swim，” Haynes said．“And we’re thankful for that．”
Butts is doing much more, however, than just providing swimming lessons．
“She ups the awareness(意识)，” said Shaun Anderson, a swimming coach who was so inspired by her story that he created a Josh Project swimming program at Norfolk State University．“Once these communities learn how to swim, they will pass it down, which results in future generations(代) knowing how to swim．”
Butts said she has two wishes for the future: One is to change the drowning numbers of African-American children, and the other is to have a swimming center where the children can swim daily instead of just once a week．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。因为一次溺水事件失去儿子的Wanda Butts创建了一个教非裔美国儿童学习游泳的非营利组织。
1．What led to Josh’s drowning?
A．He was poor in boating skills．
B．He gave his life jacket to a friend．
C．He was never taught swimming skills．
D．He was careless when swimming in the lake．
C　解析：细节理解题。由第二段可知，因为不会游泳且未穿救生衣，Josh在湖中与朋友们乘船航行时溺亡。
2．Why did the author list the numbers in Paragraph 3?
A．To show children under 14 are more likely to drown．
B．To argue children should learn swimming at a very young age．
C．To show many African-American children lack swimming skills．
D．To introduce the difference between African-American and white children．
C　解析：推理判断题。第三段主旨句为第一句，即Josh的情况在美国非裔群体中并不罕见。接下来作者引用两个组织提供的数据来支持这个说法，70%的非裔美国儿童不会游泳，且在5到14岁年龄段的儿童之中，非裔美国儿童溺亡的人数要比白人儿童高出几倍。因此，这些数据是为了说明非裔美国儿童当中有许多人都不会游泳。
3．What can we learn about the Josh Project?
A．It has its own swimming pools．
B．It provides lessons only in summer．
C．It serves children aged from 5 to 14．
D．Its swimming lessons take place once a week．
D　解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“The swimming lessons．．．four Saturdays”以及最后一段中的“where the children．．．just once a week”可知，该组织每周六开设游泳课程，即一周一次。
4．What did Lisa Haynes think of the swimming lessons the Josh Project provides?
A．Expensive．　　　　 B．Helpful．
C．Interesting． D．Difficult．
B　解析：推理判断题。由倒数第四段中Haynes所说的话可知，她的儿子通过游泳课程学会了基本的游泳技能，她对此很感激。因此可推断，Haynes认为该公益组织开设的游泳课程很有用。
B
Koalas are listed as an endangered species in New South Wales, Australia．Now the state’s government has a $34－million plan to protect the beloved animals．
Koalas have large and hairy ears．They have especially sharp claws, which help them climb trees．They are marsupials, meaning they carry their babies in an opening of skin on the mother’s stomach．The animals are native to Australia, and are described in many local stories of creation．
Over the last 20 years, the koala population in New South Wales has fallen by 25 percent．About 36，000 koalas remain．The number of koalas has fallen in other parts of Australia, too．
As part of its plan, the government of New South Wales is setting aside nearly 25，000 hectares of forest where koalas will be able to breed(繁殖) freely．It will also add more signs to help car drivers avoid koalas that walk into roadways．And, the state will build specially－made bridges so that koalas and other wildlife can cross roads while avoiding cars and trucks．
Koalas face several threats(威胁), including loss of habitat because of land－clearing, dog attacks and heat waves．A kind of disease called chlamydia is also harming koalas’ health．Gabrielle Upton is the environment minister of New South Wales．She said researchers are testing a vaccine(疫苗) that would protect the koalas against it．
A new koala hospital will open in Port Stephens, north of Sydney．It will join an already existing hospital in the New South Wales town of Port Macquarie, which began treating injured marsupials in the 1970s．Conservationists have welcomed the idea of opening a second hospital．However, they argue that the government’s multi－million dollar plan does not deal with the biggest threat to koalas．Koalas live in trees．They feed on plants and need forest environments to survive．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。考拉是澳大利亚特有的动物，但是它们的数量在减少，New South Wales就面临这样的问题。
5．What do we learn about koalas?
A．They are small in size．
B．They are in danger of disappearing．
C．They carry their babies on the back．
D．They like looking for food on the land．
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Koalas are listed as an endangered species in New South Wales, Australia．Now the state’s government has a $34－million plan to protect the beloved animals．可知，考拉濒临灭绝。
6．What will the government of New South Wales do?
A．Help plant more trees for koalas．
B．Build roadways especially for koalas．
C．Help car drivers avoid hitting koalas．
D．Build bridges to help people safely cross roads．
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的It will also add more signs to help car drivers avoid koalas that walk into roadways．可知，新南威尔士政府会增加很多标识帮助司机避免撞到考拉。
7．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．The vaccine to prevent chlamydia．
B．The disease called chlamydia．
C．The harm to koalas’ health．
D．Koalas’ losing habitats．
B　解析：代词指代题。根据第五段中的A kind of disease called chlamydia is also harming koalas’ health．Gabrielle Upton is the environment minister of New South Wales．She said researchers are testing a vaccine．．．可知，it指代的是前面提到的那种病。
8．What may be the biggest threat to Koalas?
A．Land－clearing．
B．Dog attacks．
C．Heat waves．
D．Chlamydia．
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的However, they argue that the government’s multi－million dollar plan does not deal with the biggest threat to koalas．Koalas live in trees．They feed on plants and need forest environments to survive．可推断，最大的威胁是由土地开垦引发的栖息地消失。
 完形填空
When my life was quickly falling out of my hands, I felt helpless．I needed to find a way out．
It all began when I moved away from Pennsylvania and could’t __1__ it was something my parents had to do．I was angry with them, which didn’t __2__ most of the time．So I made friends and was out on school nights, planning on not going to school __3__ I thought I had better things to do．I had poor __4__ as time passed．I __5__ to drop out of school．
Seeing what I was doing, my friends __6__．We went on a trip, not __7__ losing our education or love from our parents．We thought it __8__ to be on our own until we ran out of money for our __9__．
Then, I got a full-time job, which didn’t last long．I couldn’t __10__ being told what I had to do with my work．I rebelled(反抗) and got __11__．Once again, I didn’t __12__．Then, I began to get in trouble and was __13__ many times by the police．__14__，I went home, trying to figure out(弄明白) my __15__．
Weeks went by while I stayed home．I wanted my life back to normal．
I decided to devote myself to my __16__ and I also got a part-time job．I began to do well, but I knew it wouldn’t be __17__ in a day．It took me a while to live a normal high school life．I was __18__ of doing it on my own．I turned myself around because I knew I had a __19__ lifestyle．I needed time to __20__ myself．Here I am now, a senior, waiting for graduation．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中学时曾经学坏的作者痛定思痛，决定痛改前非，回到正常的人生轨道上来。
1．A．realize　　　　　　　 B．imagine
C．understand D．judge
C　解析：根据下文“I was angry with them”可知，作者对父母为什么要搬家这件事一直不理解。
2．A．last B．stop
C．improve D．help
D　解析：由下文“So I made friends and was out on school nights, planning on not going to school”可知，对父母生气也于事无补。
3．A．if B．so
C．unless D．because
D　解析：空格前后内容之间存在因果关系。
4．A．grades B．memories
C．health D．taste
A　解析：根据上文“planning on not going to school”及下文“to drop out of school”可知，由于经常逃学，作者成绩不好。
5．A．feared B．decided
C．hated D．begged
B　解析：由上文“planning on not going to school”以及下文“We went on a trip”可知，作者决定辍学。
6．A．left B．shocked
C．followed D．appeared
C　解析：从下文“We went on a trip”可知，看到作者辍学了，朋友也加入了辍学的行列。
7．A．caring about B．talking about
C．believing in D．feeling like
A　解析：根据下文“We thought it ______ to be on our own”可知，作者和朋友不再关心学业和父母的担心，跑去旅游了。
8．A．difficult B．necessary
C．lucky D．great
D　解析：根据下文“until we ran out of money”可知，直到钱花光之前作者一直觉得这种独立的感觉还不错。
9．A．experiences B．matches
C．researches D．trips
D　解析：由上文“We went on a trip”可知，作者和朋友在旅途中把钱都花光了。
10．A．stand B．avoid
C．escape D．risk
A　解析：根据下文“I rebelled(反抗)”可知，作者忍受不了工作中有人告诉他应该做什么。
11．A．caught B．fired
C．injured D．changed
B　解析：根据上文“I got a full-time job, which didn’t last long”可知，作者被解雇了。
12．A．mind B．know
C．accept D．win
A　解析：从下文“Then, I began to get in trouble”可知，作者对被解雇这件事不在意，就像不在意辍学一样。
13．A．attacked B．encouraged
C．protected D．warned
D　解析：根据下文“many times by the police”及“I went home”可知，作者被警察警告过很多次。
14．A．Hopefully B．Finally
C．Luckily D．Suddenly
B　解析：由下文“I went home, trying to figure out(弄明白)”可知，被警察多次警告过后，作者最终回家。
15．A．choices B．ways
C．problems D．answers
C　解析：根据下文“I wanted my life back to normal．”可知，作者待在家里想弄明白自己的问题。
16．A．training B．study
C．travelling D．business
B　解析：从下文“It took me a while to live a normal high school life．”可知，作者全身心投入到学习中。
17．A．ready B．successful
C．perfect D．safe
C　解析：根据上文“I began to do well, but I knew”可知，作者明白这个道理：一天之内不可能变完美。
18．A．careful B．proud
C．tired D．afraid
B　解析：由上文“It took me a while to live a normal high school life．”及下文“doing it on my own”可知，作者花了一段时间努力过回以前正常的学校生活，对此感到很自豪。
19．A．happy B．different
C．wrong D．busy
C　解析：根据上文“I turned myself around”可知，作者知道自己以前的生活方式是错误的。
20．A．find B．enjoy
C．teach D．forget
A　解析：由上文“I began to do well, but I knew it wouldn’t be ______ in a day．”可知，作者想给自己时间找回自我。

Section Ⅴ　Writing
新闻报道
 文体感知
　　新闻报道是记叙文的一种，其特点是以事实为依据，对人的经历或事实给予明确的、实事求是的报道。写作过程中要保持事件的真实性、准确性、及时性。语言要准确、简练、通俗易懂。
 增分佳句
1．In order to encourage the students to get close to nature, our school organized a mountain-climbing activity．
为了鼓励学生们亲近大自然，我们学校组织了一次登山活动。
2．They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever．
他们说这是多么美好的一天，他们会永远铭记。
3．What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives．　他们所做的给他们带来快乐，而且丰富了他们自己的生活。
4．Apart from knowledge, we also learned to cooperate with each other and came to realize the importance of teamwork．
除了知识，我们也学会了和他人合作，也逐渐意识到合作的重要性。
5．The activity benefited us a lot．/The activity was of great benefit to us．/The activity was very beneficial to us．
活动对我们很有好处。
 写作模板
　　(导语)In order to encourage the students to ________(目的), our school organized a __________(活动) on ________(时间) at ________(地点), which ________．
　　(正文)It was a ________ day(介绍天气)．First(ly)/First of all, ________．Then, ________(介绍活动的过程)．Finally, ________．
　　(评价)________ benefited us a lot/was of benefit to us．
Not only did it ________，it also __________．What a(n) ________ activity!
 写作要求
　　星光中学(Xingguang High School)近期举行了一次登山活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇短文来报道此次活动。内容包括：
　　1．时间与地点：4月10日，大青山(Daqing Mountain)；
　　2．活动的过程；
　　3．你对于这次活动的评论。
　　注意：1．词数80左右；
　　2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
 审题谋篇
 词汇推敲
1．鼓励 encourage
2．组织 organize
3．集合 gather
4．动身 set_off
5．落后 fall_behind
6．放松 relaxation
7．促进 promote
 遣词造句
1．完成句子
①为了鼓励同学们参加户外运动，我们学校于4月10日组织了登山活动。
In_order_to_encourage_the_students_to_take_outdoor_exercise,_our school organized a mountain-climbing activity on April 10．
②我们几百个人参加了这项活动。
Hundreds of us took_part_in this activity．
③我们沐浴在阳光下。
We were bathed_in sunshine．
④我们高兴地欢呼跳跃。
We jumped and cheered with_joy．
2．句式升级
⑤用定语从句合并句①和句②
In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise, our school organized a mountain-climbing activity on April 10, which_hundreds_of_us_took_part_in．
⑥用非谓语动词作状语合并句③和句④
Bathed_in_sunshine,_we jumped and cheered with joy．
 妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
　　In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise, our school organized a mountain-climbing activity on April 10, which hundreds of us took part in．
　　It was a nice day．At 8：00 am, we gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountain and set off for the top in high spirits．All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery．When some fell behind, others would come and offer help．About 2 hours later, we all reached the top．Bathed in sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy．
　　The activity benefited us a lot．Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work, it also promoted the friendship among us．What a wonderful activity!
　　假设你是校报英语专栏的一名小记者。你校举办了一场关于地震自救知识的讲座(lecture)。请你用英语为校报写一篇新闻报道，内容包括：
　　1．时间及地点；
　　2．讲座内容及主讲人；
　　3．参加者；
　　4．收获或感想。
　　注意：1．词数80左右；
　　2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
　　This afternoon all the teachers and students in our school attended a lecture about how to survive in an earthquake．The lecture was given by Professor Li from a famous university in the school hall．
　　In the lecture, Professor Li told us the signs of a coming earthquake and dos and don’ts during and after an earthquake．We all listened and took notes carefully．After the lecture, a video about earthquakes was shown．
　　We all realized how important it is to know how to stay safe during an earthquake, because even a little knowledge can increase our chances of surviving an earthquake or any other type of disaster．

课件19张PPT。UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放单元过关检测(五)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Who does the man think the girl is?
A．Lily．　　　 B．Sara．　　　　　C．Ann．
2．What is the man’s plan for tonight?
A．To visit a friend．
B．To see a movie．
C．To go swimming．
3．When will the two speakers go rock-climbing?
A．On Sunday． B．On Saturday． C．On Monday．
4．What’s the weather like now?
A．Rainy． B．Sunny． C．Cloudy．
5．What is the man’s decision?
A．To get his phone repaired today．
B．To lend his phone to the woman．
C．To buy a phone for the woman．
第二节(共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where will the two speakers probably buy a bed?
A．At Pricerite． B．At IKEA． C．At Design 2000．
7．What do the two speakers need to buy for their study room?
A．A chair． B．A lamp． C．A bookshelf．
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What does the man usually do every week?
A．He does the washing-up．
B．He washes the clothes．
C．He cleans the car．
9．What does the man promise to do starting this weekend?
A．Buy the vegetables．
B．Clean the kitchen．
C．Cook the meals．
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Teacher and parent．
B．Doctor and patient．
C．Father and daughter．
11．Why was Billy probably absent on the day of the eye check?
A．He went to buy glasses．
B．He did his homework at home．
C．He was afraid of the eye check．
12．Which grade is Billy in now?
A．The fourth grade．
B．The fifth grade．
C．The sixth grade．
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What day is today?
A．Friday． B．Saturday． C．Sunday．
14．How many tickets are left for the 8 pm show?
A．Six． B．Eight． C．Ten．
15．Why doesn’t the man want tickets for the 8 pm show?
A．The time is a little late．
B．There are no seats together．
C．His friend can’t make it in time．
16．What will the man probably do next?
A．See another movie．
B．Drive to another theater．
C．Order tickets for tomorrow．
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What does Sheila do?
A．A travel agent．
B．A hotel manager．
C．A secretary．
18．When will Robert leave for London?
A．At 5：00 pm． B．At 6：00 pm． C．At 8：30 am．
19．What will Robert first do when he arrives?
A．Rent a car．
B．Book a hotel．
C．Find the driver．
20．How long will Robert stay in London?
A．Two days． B．Three days． C．Four days．
答案：1－5.CCACB　6－10.CBCBA　11－15.CAACC
16－20．CACCC
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Tom, is that your friend Sara over there?
M：What, Lily？Oh, that can’t be Sara．She is visiting her grandmother in the country right now, so that must be her sister Ann．①They look alike．
(Text 2)
W：Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?
M：I’d like to, but I’ve already planned to go swimming with my friend Tina．②
(Text 3)
M：I have to start working on Monday, so I’m going rock-climbing on Saturday．③Would you like to come along?
W：I’d love to, but I have to watch my sister．How about the day after?
M：That’s great！③
(Text 4)
W：Look at the sky．It really looks like it’ll rain soon．④
M：I don’t think so．It was like this yesterday, but the sun eventually came out．
W：Perhaps you are right．So what will you do if it doesn’t rain?
M：I’ll go to the park．
(Text 5)
W：Can I borrow your phone, Tim？⑤
M：I’m sorry, but you broke it the last time you borrowed it．I really don’t want to get it repaired again．
W：Don’t worry．I’ll be more careful this time．
M：All right, but it’s your last chance．⑤
(Text 6)
M：Shopping for furniture can be such a pain！It’s so crowded here!
W：Let’s write down the prices first．A nice sofa is about $400; bookshelves are $250 each; a bed is $120; and a dining table and chairs are $600 a set．You know, I think we can get a cheaper sofa at IKEA, and we can get the bed, the dining table and chairs from Design 2000．⑥
M：That’s good．Wait a minute．One more thing, we need a lamp for our study room, remember？⑦ I think we can get a nice one from Pricerite for about $150．
W：Yes, that’s right!
(Text 7)
W：Oh, no！Not again！This happens every day．
M：What’s wrong?
W：Look at this mess, Jim！You have your supper and never do the washing-up afterwards．
M：I don’t do the washing-up but I wash the car every week．⑧
W：I don’t care about that．You never help me with the housework!
M：That’s not true, darling．I buy the vegetables and prepare your meals, right?
W：So what！The kitchen’s always a mess afterwards．You always cook the meals and then I do the rest every day．
M：OK, OK, I will clean the kitchen starting this weekend．⑨
(Text 8)
W：You’re Billy’s father, aren’t you?
M：Yes, I am．He brought a note home saying you wanted to see me．⑩
W：I’m sorry to ask you to come in today, but I’m worried about Billy’s schoolwork．
M：Well, I know sometimes he doesn’t obey his teacher and sometimes he doesn’t do his homework．
W：I don’t think that’s really the problem．He’s a shy boy and he doesn’t always obey, but I think the main problem is that he needs glasses．
M：He just had his eyes checked here at school, didn’t he?
W：No, he was absent that day．Maybe he was afraid of the eye check．? Anyhow, he has to do better work or he’ll have to repeat the fourth grade next year while his friends go to the fifth．?
M：That wouldn’t be good．His brothers in the sixth and the eighth grades have never had any trouble．We don’t want Billy to, either．
(Text 9)
W：Welcome to Friday Cinema．?Would you like to order a movie ticket?
M：Umm．．．When is Cinderella showing?
W：There are five shows today．One at noon, and then at 2 pm, 5 pm, 8 pm, and 11 pm．There’s one other showing time on the weekend, at midnight．That means you can enjoy a midnight show tomorrow．
M：OK．I’d like six tickets for the 11 pm show tonight．Are there still 6 tickets available that are seated together?
W：Sorry．There are only three tickets left for that showing．How about the 8 pm showing？There are still ten tickets left for that one．?
M：But I have a friend who doesn’t get off work till 8 pm, so he won’t catch the beginning of the movie．?
W：If he can come right away, he’ll probably miss only the first ten minutes．
M：He works about an hour’s drive from this movie theater, so he will never be able to make it in time．
W：Would you like to see another movie then?
M：No, we all want to see this one．Is there any way that we could buy tickets now for tomorrow?
W：Yes, you can order tickets now for tomorrow．?
(Text 10)
M：Hi, this is Robert Pierce．I’m out of the office until six o’clock this afternoon．Please leave a message．
W：Hello, Mr Pierce．This is Sheila Lancaster from Terrific Travel．You asked us to arrange your trip to London．? And I have booked Flight AA4160 at 8：30 am on July 31st with American Airlines．? When the plane lands in London, please look for a man holding a sign with your name on it．He will drive you to the hotel．? You’re booked into the Hilton London Tower Bridge Hotel for four days, with a return flight scheduled for 5 pm on August 4th．? If you have any questions, Mr Pierce, please give me a call at 559-3447．Again, my name is Sheila Lancaster, and thank you for choosing Terrific Travel．
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共16小题；每小题2．5分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Parents may think they’re smart about where they store medicines, but their kids are smarter．Nearly 60, 000 young children are rushed to the hospital every year after getting into medicines not meant for them, according to a new report from Safe Kids Worldwide．
The report finds little connection between what parents know about storing medicines safely and what they actually do．9 out of 10 parents know that medicines should be stored up and away and out of reach and sight, but 7 out of 10 of them admit not doing that．They leave medicines out on kitchen counters, sinks and sofas, believing babies and toddlers(学步的儿童) aren’t tall enough or strong enough to reach them．Unfortunately, they probably can．Children as young as a month have ended up in an emergency department because they have been poisoned by getting into a medicine that was left within reach．
Most poisonings related to medicines—particularly among babies and toddlers—occur within their home．Kids develop rapidly and they want to explore their environment．At certain ages they have a lot of activities using their hands and mouths, and so it’s very common for them to explore their environment and then try to taste what they find．
The new Safe Kids Worldwide report includes a survey of 2, 000 parents with children under age 6．While the number of children visiting an emergency department for accidental poisonings has declined since the 2010 maximum, the decline has slowed in recent years．
Prescription and over-the-counter medicines cause the most severe poisonings, but vitamins and supplements(补给品) can also cause problems．There are steps families can take to lower the risk for an accidental medicine poisoning．
【解题导语】　文章介绍了每年有许多儿童药物中毒事件发生，事故原因就是父母把药品放在了孩子够得着的地方，导致孩子误食。希望父母们引起重视，减少这种事情的发生。
21．Why are children poisoned according to the text?
A．Some of the medicines at home taste nice．
B．There is something poisonous in medicines．
C．Kids have easy access to medicines at home．
D．Kids are curious to explore the environment．
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，引发儿童药物中毒的原因是父母把药品放在了孩子能够得着的地方，故选C。
22．What can we learn from the text?
A．Vitamins and supplements can do good to kids．
B．The team made a survey of 2, 000 kids under age 6．
C．600 parents surveyed could keep medicines properly．
D．Kids are usually smart at storing medicines at home．
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“9 out of 10 parents know that medicines should be stored up and away and out of reach and sight, but 7 out of 10 of them admit not doing that．” 和第四段中的“The new Safe Kids Worldwide report includes a survey of 2，000 parents with children under age 6．” 可知十分之九的家长知道药品该放在哪里，但十分之七的人承认做不到。所以被调查的2 000人中只有十分之三能做到，即600人能正确存放药品。故选C。
23．What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?
A．Factors contributing to the mistakes parents have made．
B．Tips that parents can follow to avoid a medicine poisoning．
C．Examples related to vitamin and supplement poisonings．
D．Impressive recovery results in helping patients．
B　解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“There are steps families can take to lower the risk for an accidental medicine poisoning．” 可知有许多措施能够降低儿童药物中毒的风险，那么下文就该详细介绍这些措施，故选B。
24．What could be the best title for the text?
A．Parents’ Casual Behavior Leads to Kids Poisoned
B．The Number of Kids Poisoned Has Declined Lately
C．Nearly 60, 000 Children Are Poisoned by Medicines
D．Kids Are Facing the Risk of Being Poisoned at Home
A　解析：标题归纳题。文章介绍了每年有许多儿童药物中毒事件发生，事故原因就是父母把药品放在了孩子够得着的地方，导致孩子误食。A项：父母平时随便的行为导致孩子药品中毒，能概括全文，适合作为文章标题。故选A。
B
Jo Du was being helped into her beautiful white wedding dress this week when a tooth on the zipper(拉链) broke．It was Sunday in Guelph, Ontario, and no tailor(裁缝) shop was open．
Jo Du didn’t want to marry Earl Lee with pins(别针) in the back of her dress．But no one in the wedding party knew how to make the repair．
The best man knocked on a neighbor’s door to ask David Hobson if he might have a pair of scissors they could borrow．Mr．Hobson said, “I’ve got better than tools．I’ve got a tailor．”
David Hobson had a family of Syrian refugees(难民) living in his home for a few days: a mother, a father, and 3 children．
The father of the Syrian family was Ibrahim Halil Dudu．He was a tailor in Syria for 28 years, and as soon as he saw the dress, Ibrahim Dudu got out his sewing(缝) tools and set to work．
“He really sewed her wedding dress back onto her，” Lindsay Coulter, the wedding photographer, told CTV News．“Everyone was so thankful．They said thank you a million times．”
“Every weekend I take photos of people on the happiest days of their lives, and today one man who has seen some of the worst things our world has to offer came to help，” said Lindsay Coulter, who posted photos and wrote on her Facebook page．
“I was so excited and so happy，” Ibrahim Halil Dudu said through a translator．“I like to help Canadian people from my heart．”
Earl Lee called the tailor’s skillful repair, an “unbelievable act of kindness” from a “complete stranger who had only stepped foot in this country days ago．”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。加拿大新娘Jo Du的婚纱拉链坏了，邻居介绍了一名来自叙利亚的裁缝，问题轻松解决。
25．What was a big problem for Jo Du?
A．It was not easy for her to find some pins．
B．Her wedding dress had to be repaired soon．
C．She didn’t know where to buy a new zipper．
D．There was something wrong with her scissors．
B　解析：细节理解题。由前两段可知，Jo Du的婚纱拉链坏了，需要赶快修理。
26．How did Hobson help Jo Du?
A．He introduced a tailor to her．
B．He lent a pair of scissors to her．
C．He helped her find the best man．
D．He helped organize her wedding．
A　解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“I’ve got better than tools．I’ve got a tailor．”可知，Hobson介绍了一位裁缝，帮了Jo Du的大忙。
27．Who solved Jo Du’s problem in the end?
A．Earl Lee．　　　　　 B．David Hobson．
C．Ibrahim Dudu． D．Lindsay Coulter．
C　解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的“and as soon as he saw the dress, Ibrahim Dudu got out his sewing(缝) tools and set to work”可知，Ibrahim Dudu最终帮助Jo Du解决了难题。
28．What can we infer about Lindsay Coulter?
A．She worked as a translator．
B．She felt sorry for the tailor．
C．She was a refugee from Syria．
D．She was a news photographer．
B　解析：推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的“one man who has seen some of the worst things our world has to offer”可知，Lindsay Coulter很同情Ibrahim Halil Dudu的遭遇。
C
Human beings use animals for a lot of purposes, including research．By studying animals, it is possible to learn information that cannot be learned in any other way．Animals are used in research when there is a need to find out what happens in the whole living body．There are four main reasons why animals are used in research．
Adding to scientific knowledge through basic biological research helps us understand how living things work, and use that understanding for the benefit(利益) of both humans and animals．The study of animals is an important part of the whole research process．The bodies of animals are like humans’ in the way that they perform many important functions(功能) such as breathing, movement, sight, and hearing．To treat disease, doctors and scientists must understand how the healthy body works．
Humans and animals share hundreds of illnesses, so animals can act as models for the study of human illness．For example, rabbits suffer from emphysema, a lung problem that makes it hard to catch their breath．Dogs suffer from cancer, bleeding disorders and so on．Cats suffer from some of the same vision loss as humans．From such models we learn how disease affects the body and more．
Once researchers learn more about a particular disease, animals are used to develop and test the treatments．For example, medicines for Parkinson’s disease have been developed by using animal models with Parkinson’s-like symptoms(症状)．Models such as these are an important part of using biological research to solve real medical problems．
New medicines need testing because researchers must test both the beneficial and the harmful effects of a medicine on a living body．A medicine must be tested in a suitable animal model before clinical trials(临床试验) in humans can take place．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了利用动物进行医药研究的原因。
29．According to Paragraph 2, why are animals used in research?
A．They may be healthier than humans．
B．Their bodies are simpler than humans’．
C．They may have the same diseases as humans．
D．Their bodies are like humans’ in many functions．
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“The bodies of animals are like humans’ in the way that they perform many important functions(功能) such as breathing, movement, sight, and hearing．”可知，动物和人类有相似的身体功能。
30．How does the author support his statement in Paragraph 3?
A．By listing figures．
B．By giving examples．
C．By comparing humans with animals．
D．By showing some research findings．
B　解析：写作手法题。根据第三段的“For example”以及之后所列举的兔子、狗和猫可患疾病可知，作者在本段使用了举例子的写作手法。
31．The author mentions Parkinson’s disease to ________．
A．introduce a new discovery of medicine
B．prove that animals have the same disease
C．explain how to use animals for testing new medicines
D．gather more information about Parkinson’s symptoms
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“Once researchers learn more about a particular disease, animals are used to develop and test the treatments．”可知，作者以帕金森病为例说明利用动物进行疗法试验。
32．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Tests in animals should be carried out legally．
B．Not all new medicines can be tested in animals．
C．New medicines must be first tested in animal models．
D．Not all medicines have both beneficial and harmful effects．
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，新的药物必须在动物身上试验后才可用于人类。
D
Sometimes people make history．George Washington became the first president of the United States and made history．Sometimes wars make history．The two World Wars are examples．Sometimes nature even becomes part of history．Shaking earthquakes are recorded in history books．
Thirteen years ago, nature caused just such a history-making event．In September 2005, Hurricane Katrina came ashore in New Orleans, Louisiana．The deadly storm flooded(淹没) New Orleans．Before Katrina, no other big American city had ever flooded in the history of the country．This natural disaster caused great harm and death．
New Orleans is located(位于) below sea level．This location places it at great risk．Levees were built to protect New Orleans from the ocean．(A levee is like a wall between the city and the ocean．) When Hurricane Katrina came ashore, water moved over the levees into the city．Flooding made it necessary for everyone to leave the city．Before Katrina, Creole food (a special kind of cooking only in Louisiana) filled the air with delicious smells．The sound of jazz music traveled through the streets．Now the city has to return to its former glory(辉煌)．
Before Katrina, the U．S．government had never made everyone leave a city．People in New Orleans had to find shelter quickly．Some had to stay at the Superdome Sports Center．Some rode on buses to other towns．Thousands drove their cars to get away from the storm．The roads and shelters filled up fast．
The lesson learned from Katrina was that cities must be better prepared for big storms and other terrible disasters caused by nature．Being prepared might have kept more people safe．Hurricane Katrina is one of the history-making events that will be remembered forever．Today, history is still being made that will shape the future．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了卡特里娜飓风给美国新奥尔良市所造成的改变。
33．What does the author tell us about New Orleans?
A．It was built above sea level．
B．It had few jazz musicians after Katrina．
C．It created a new way to cook after Katrina．
D．It was the first U．S．city that had been flooded．
D　解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Before Katrina, no other big American city had ever flooded in the history of the country．”可知，新奥尔良市是美国第一个被洪水淹没的城市。
34．What can we say about the levees?
A．They were almost useless for fighting Katrina．
B．They helped people leave New Orleans quickly．
C．They made New Orleans a special American city．
D．They should be built to match the size of New Orleans．
A　解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“When Hurricane Katrina came ashore, water moved over the levees into the city．”可知，在对抗卡特里娜飓风的时候，防洪堤几乎没有什么作用。
35．What might the author advise city governments to do?
A．Put up more shelters in the city．
B．Build more levees around the city．
C．Teach people how to avoid floods．
D．Try to get ready for natural disasters．
D　解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的“The lesson learned from Katrina was that cities must be better prepared for big storms and other terrible disasters caused by nature．”可知，作者实际上是建议市政府应该努力为预防自然灾害做好准备。
36．What is the best title for the text?
A．Katrina Makes History
B．Floods Shape Louisiana
C．Storms Are Dangerous
D．History Must Be Remembered
A　解析：标题归纳题。由文章首段的关键词make history以及下文介绍说明卡特里娜飓风给新奥尔良市所造成的巨大改变可知，A项作标题可以全面概括本文主旨。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Simple Ways to Improve Your Written English
Many people think it is really difficult to improve(提高) their writing in English．Don’t worry, though．Here are some simple steps that you can take to improve your written English．
·Increase your vocabulary．
To express yourself clearly, you need a good active vocabulary．That’s not just being able to know lots of words—it means actually being able to use them correctly．37．________
Tip: When you learn a new word, try to learn all the forms of that word．
·38．________
People often say that we learn to write best by reading．Reading in English is useful in many ways．It is a great way to get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly．
Tip: 39．________ Learning shouldn’t be boring．Read each text several times to make sure you understand how to use new words and expressions in the text．
·Improve your grammar．
Grammar is very important because it improves the quality(质量) of your writing．
Tip: 40．________ The first time, look for general mistakes and the second time look for mistakes with the grammar point you are studying at the moment．
·Just do it!
The best way to improve your writing is to get a pen and paper and write．Be prepared to write several versions(版本) of each text．41．________
A．Know your readers．
B．Read widely and often．
C．Always check your writing twice．
D．Remember, practice makes perfect!
E．Choose books or articles that interest you．
F．Use simpler language and shorter sentences to show your ideas．
G．Do this by learning new words with example sentences, not just word lists．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种提高英文写作的简单方法。
37．G　解析：G项中的“learning new words with example sentences”与该空前的“it means actually being able to use them correctly”相呼应。本段是说增加词汇量并不仅仅是知道单词的意思，而是要懂得其用法。
38．B　解析：由下文解释的“get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly”可知，本段讲阅读对写作的帮助。故选B项。
39．E　解析：由上文的“learn to write best by reading”和该空后的“Learning shouldn’t be boring．”可知，阅读有助于写作，但要选择那些让你感兴趣的书籍或文章。故选E项。
40．C　解析：C项中的“check your writing twice”与该空后的“The first time．．．general mistakes”和“the second time．．．mistakes with the grammar point”相呼应。
41．D　解析：由本段小标题“Just do it！”和“get a pen and paper and write．Be prepared to write several versions(版本) of each text．”可知，想要提高写作就要多动笔写，俗话说得好，熟能生巧。
第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Abraham Lincoln loved to tell stories on himself．One of his favorites concerned itself with physical __42__．
In the days when Lincoln used to be on the circuit(traveling on horseback from one county court to another)，he was once approached by a __43__ who said，“Excuse me，sir，but I have an article which __44__ to you．”
“How is that？”Lincoln asked in __45__．
The stranger took a knife from his pocket．“This knife，”he said，“was __46__ in my hand some years ago，with the order that I was to keep it until I found a man __47__ than I am myself．I have __48__ that knife for many years．Now I pass it on to you．”
Lincoln __49__ humorously，“I’ve carried that knife ever since．”
One of Lincoln’s greatest assets(资产) was his ability to laugh at himself．And he __50__ laughed at his physical appearance．But history does not __51__ him as an “ugly” individual－in fact，often just the opposite．
His outer appearance was clothed in magnificently __52__ garments：character，honesty，humor and courage．But there are other __53__ he wore equally well－such as modesty and forgiveness．
The story __54__ us to clothe ourselves with “compassion，kindness，modesty，gentleness and patience．”Then “over all of these put on love，which bonds them in perfect unity．” Regardless of how __55__ we may otherwise be，it is these clothes that will determine our __56__ beauty．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了林肯经常跟别人讲他自己的故事，其中一个故事是关于林肯的外貌和长相。作者借这个故事告诉我们：内在美比外在美更重要。
42．A．condition　　　　 B．performance
C．appearance D．environment
C　解析：考查名词辨析。根据语境以及下文的“laughed at his physical appearance”可知，此处应填appearance，表示“外貌，外形，外观”，符合语境。condition意为“条件，情况”；performance意为“表演，执行”；environment意为“环境，外界”，均不符合语境。故答案选C。
43．A．stranger B．soldier
C．humorist D．writer
A　解析：考查名词辨析。根据下文的“The stranger took a knife from his pocket．”可知，此处应填stranger，意为“陌生人”，符合语境。soldier意为“战士，士兵”；humorist意为“幽默家”；writer意为“作家”，均不符合语境。故答案选A。
44．A．refers B．occurs
C．aims D．belongs
D　解析：考查动词辨析。refer意为“参考，涉及”；occur意为“发生，出现，存在”；aim意为“打算，对准目标”；belong意为“属于，应归入”。句意：我有一件属于你的物品。belong to意为“属于，归于”，符合语境。故答案选D。
45．A．relief B．excitement
C．astonishment D．embarrassment
C　解析：考查名词辨析。根据语境以及上面的“How is that？”可知，此处林肯应该是很惊讶地问。in astonishment意为“惊讶地，惊奇地”，符合语境。relief意为“救济，减轻”；excitement意为“兴奋，刺激”；embarrassment意为“困窘，尴尬”，均不符合语境。故答案选C。
46．A．made B．placed
C．kept D．hurt
B　解析：考查动词辨析。make意为“使得，制作”；place意为“放置”；keep意为“保持，遵守”；hurt意为“损害，使受伤”。根据语境可知，这把刀是很多年前放到“我”手上的。place最符合语境，故答案选B。
47．A．uglier B．smarter
C．stranger D．better
A　解析：考查形容词辨析。根据上下文语境可知，此处应该是指找到了一个比“我”更丑的人。uglier意为“更丑的”，符合语境；smarter意为“更聪明的，更精明的”； stranger意为“更奇怪的，更陌生的”；better意为“更好的”，均不符合语境。故答案选A。
48．A．treasured B．carried
C．repaired D．sharpened
B　解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境以及下文的“I’ve carried that knife ever since．”可知，“我”拿着这把刀已经好些年了。carry意为“拿；扛”，符合语境；treasure意为“珍爱，珍藏”；repair意为“修理，修复”；sharpen意为“削尖，磨快”，均不符合语境。故答案选B。
49．A．argued B．commented
C．added D．responded
C　解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处应该是指林肯很幽默地加了一句“从此以后我就一直拿着这把刀”。add意为“加，增加”，符合语境；argue意为“争论，辩论”；comment意为“发表评论，发表意见”；respond意为“回答，应答”，均不符合语境。故答案选C。
50．A．privately B．shamefully
C．unwillingly D．frequently
D　解析：考查副词辨析。privately意为“私下地，秘密地”；shamefully意为“可耻地，不体面地”； unwillingly意为“不情愿地，勉强地”；frequently意为“频繁地，经常地”。根据语境可知，林肯经常嘲笑自己的外貌。frequently最符合语境，故答案选D。
51．A．treat B．remember
C．honour D．describe
B　解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，历史并没有记载他是一个丑陋的人。remember意为“记得，记住，牢记”，符合语境； treat意为“对待，治疗”；honour意为“尊敬，授予荣誉”； describe意为“描述，描绘”，均不符合语境。故答案选B。
52．A．ordinary B．beautiful
C．expensive D．worthless
B　解析：考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，他的外表被披上了各种漂亮的衣服：性格、诚实、幽默和勇气。beautiful意为“漂亮的，美丽的”，符合语境。ordinary意为“普通的，平凡的”；expensive意为“昂贵的，花钱的”；worthless意为“无价值的，无益的”，均不符合语境。故答案选B。
53．A．clothes B．hats
C．shoes D．glasses
A　解析：考查名词辨析。根据上文的“．．．was clothed．．．garments．．．”，此处应该是指“他还有一些其他的穿得很好的衣服”。clothes意为“衣服，服装”，符合语境；hat意为“帽子”；shoes意为“鞋子”；glasses意为“眼镜”，均不符合语境。故答案选A。
54．A．allows B．warns
C．teaches D．trains
C　解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，这个故事教导我们应该以“慈悲、善良、谦虚、绅士和耐心”的衣裳包装自己。teach意为“教，教导”，符合语境；allow意为“允许”；warn意为“警告，提醒”；train意为“培养，训练”，均不符合语境。故答案选C。
55．A．well-dressed B．kind-hearted
C．hard-working D．good-looking
D　解析：考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，不管我们看起来有多好看，决定我们是否美丽的还是那些“慈悲、善良、谦虚、绅士和耐心”的衣裳。good-looking意为“好看的，美丽的”，符合语境；well-dressed意为“穿着得体的”；kind-hearted意为“仁慈的，好心肠的”；hard-working意为“努力的，勤勉的”，均不符合语境。故答案选D。
56．A．actual B．natural
C．physical D．great
A　解析：考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，真正的美在于“慈悲、善良、谦虚、绅士和耐心”，这些内在的东西。actual意为“真正的，实际的，真实的”，符合语境；natural意为“自然的”，physical意为“身体的”，great意为“伟大的，极好的”，均不符合语境。故答案选A。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On September 19, 2017, a deadly earthquake 57．____________(hit) Mexico, killing more than 300 people 58．____________ destroying many buildings in the nation’s capital, Mexico City．In the days that followed, rescue teams went out to search 59．____________ people trapped by the earthquake．Among the humans digging through the ruins was a four-legged helper 60．____________(name) Frida．
Frida, a rescue dog, was named after Mexican painter Frida Kahlo．She is a sniffer dog(嗅探犬) with the Mexican Navy(海军)．She is a 61．____________(value) member of her team, often getting into spaces that humans can’t reach．According to the Navy, she has a “sixth sense” for 62．____________(find) humans, and that’s unlike any other dog they’ve ever trained before．63．____________ is her job to sniff out people trapped by natural disasters．Frida has found 52 people after earthquakes and other disasters in Mexico, Haiti and Ecuador, and 12 of 64．____________(they) were found alive and 65．____________(successful) rescued．
Since the Mexican Navy shared a picture of the rescue dog on the Internet, Frida has been considered a hero．Like the rest of rescue 66．____________(worker), she is a hero to the victims(受害者) and their loved ones．
57．hit　解析：考查一般过去时。由“On September 19, 2017”可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，故填hit。hit在此意为“袭击，殃及”。
58．and　解析：考查连词。设空处连接两个并列的动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，故填and。
59．for　解析：考查介词。search for．．．意为“搜寻……，寻找……”。
60．named　解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。此处表示“一位叫Frida的帮手”，name与helper之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填named。
61．valuable　解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，修饰member，由“often getting into spaces that humans can’t reach”可知，此处表示“宝贵的”，故填valuable。
62．finding　解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词for的宾语，故填finding。
63．It　解析：考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是“to sniff out people trapped by natural disasters”，故填It。
64．them　解析：考查代词。设空处作宾语，表示“他们”，故填宾格them。
65．successfully　解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰过去分词rescued，表示“成功地”，故填successfully。
66．workers　解析：考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，worker是可数名词，由the rest of可知，此处应用名词复数，故填workers。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你班同学在汶川地震11周年之际参观了北川国家地震遗址博物馆。请你写一封邮件将此事告知你的笔友Alger，内容如下：
1．你们的所见；
2．参加地震逃生演习。
注意：1．词数80左右(开头和落款已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Alger，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear_Alger，
As you know, a terrible earthquake, Wenchuan earthquake, struck China on May 12, 2008．On the same day eleven years later, our class visited Beichuan Earthquake Museum, founded in memory of those killed in Wenchuan earthquake．
In the museum, we saw not only a great many photos of victims but also the ones of the soldiers, doctors, volunteers as well as foreign rescue teams who were risking their lives to save the injured．We also saw some sculptures and models modelled after great people and events．Seeing these, our eyes filled with tears．
Before leaving, we got involved in an earthquake-escaping drill, where we learned some practical ways to escape from an earthquake．
If only there were no earthquake in the world!
Yours，
Li_Hua
第二节　读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I sat at the breakfast table with my four-year-old son, Matthew,_trying to ignore the ache in my stomach．“Mama, want to play？”“Not today, baby，” I shook my head．These days I could barely get out of bed．I was still recovering from a surgery．I hoped for strength and happiness．But the future seemed so hopeless．
Suddenly, Matthew jumped up from his spot on the kitchen floor．“Bird！” he shouted, rushing to our courtyard．Sure enough, there was a white dove seated in a rubber_tree．It sat there for a few moments, and then flew away． Strange, I’d never seen one in our neighborhood before．
When I dragged myself to the kitchen the next morning, the dove was back． This time with a mate carrying twigs(嫩枝)．“Look, Matthew，” I said, pointing to the tree．“They’re going to make a nest．” The doves flew in and out of the courtyard all week, building on top of the rubber tree．
Matthew could hardly contain his excitement．Every morning, he’d run into the kitchen and take his spot by the_sliding_glass_door,_talking to the birds while they worked．His enthusiasm was influential．As much as I was grieving(悲伤), I couldn’t help but look_forward_to the doves’ visits too．
Then it all went wrong． The courtyard was a safe enough spot for a nest, but the rubber tree’s broad, thin leaves were far from stable．One night, a strong_wind blew, throwing the doves’ nest to the ground．I heard the twigs break apart．
I surveyed the damage．Nothing good ever lasts．I wouldn’t blame the doves if they never came back．But they returned．And they paid no attention to the pile of sticks that had once been their nest．They started again from scratch．Again, though, the wind destroyed all their hard work．The next day, and the next, they renewed their efforts, as if nothing had happened．
注意：1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
I knew I had to do something．_________________________________________________
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Paragraph 2：
“It works! The birds are back！” Matthew announced．
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One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
I knew I had to do something．The white dove and its mate had given me something to look_forward_to,_even in my darkest days．Now I was going to help them in return．I woke up the following morning with a plan．There was only an hour before the doves usually made their visits．I hammered a shelf into the wall next to the rubber_tree and covered it with leaves to make it look like a tree．Then Matthew and I stood by the_sliding_glass_door,_waiting and hoping．
Paragraph 2：
“It works! The birds are back！” Matthew announced．There they were — sitting on top of the shelf, adding some twigs to the new nest despite damage from the strong_wind．Three weeks later, we watched three chicks break free from their shells．“Chirp, chirp！” Matthew sang．I held him close and kissed him, feeling more positive and hopeful than I had in months．I realized all around me, life went on．And it was filled with wonders and surprises that I couldn’t even imagine．